[management] Expect the rejection in the setup key integration tests

"Create Setup Key as on-off with more than one usage" asserted the old
behaviour directly: a key was created, and the response reported a usage
limit of 1 rather than the 3 that was asked for. That is the case this
change refuses, so the expectation becomes the rejection.

The case keeps its place in the table rather than being deleted, since it
is the one that says what happens when the request contradicts the key
type.

client/android/login.go

@@ -191,49 +191,40 @@ func (a *Auth) login(urlOpener URLOpener, isAndroidTV bool) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// loginHintSetter is implemented by both concrete flows (PKCE and device code)
+// but absent from the OAuthFlow interface, hence the assertion below — the same
+// way internal/auth wires it in authenticateWithPKCEFlow.
+type loginHintSetter interface {
+	SetLoginHint(hint string)
+}
+
 func (a *Auth) foregroundGetTokenInfo(authClient *auth.Auth, urlOpener URLOpener, isAndroidTV bool) (*auth.TokenInfo, error) {
-	oAuthFlow, err := authClient.GetOAuthFlow(a.ctx, isAndroidTV, profileLoginHint(a.cfgPath))
+	oAuthFlow, err := authClient.GetOAuthFlow(a.ctx, isAndroidTV)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get OAuth flow: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	return runOAuthFlow(a.ctx, oAuthFlow, urlOpener, nil)
-}
-
-// profileLoginHint returns the stored account email for the profile at cfgPath.
-// An empty hint is deliberate, not a fallback: a fresh profile leaves the
-// choice to the IdP. Switching accounts is done by switching or removing
-// profiles, not by logging out — logout keeps the email.
-func profileLoginHint(cfgPath string) string {
-	if cfgPath == "" {
-		return ""
+	// An empty hint is deliberate, not a fallback: a fresh profile leaves the
+	// choice to the IdP. Switching accounts is done by switching or removing
+	// profiles, not by logging out — logout keeps the email.
+	if a.cfgPath != "" {
+		if hint := readProfileEmail(a.cfgPath); hint != "" {
+			if setter, ok := oAuthFlow.(loginHintSetter); ok {
+				setter.SetLoginHint(hint)
+			}
+		}
 	}
-	return readProfileEmail(cfgPath)
-}
 
-// runOAuthFlow drives an already acquired OAuth flow to a token: requests the
-// flow info, presents the verification URL through the opener and waits for
-// the browser round-trip. Open is called synchronously — it is what marks the
-// surface as opened on the client side, and a fast token's OnLoginSuccess is
-// a no-op until it has, so the dismissal would be dropped rather than
-// delayed. Openers must therefore not block: they post their UI work and
-// return. onWaiting, when set, runs after the URL is shown, right before the
-// blocking wait.
-func runOAuthFlow(ctx context.Context, flow auth.OAuthFlow, urlOpener URLOpener, onWaiting func()) (*auth.TokenInfo, error) {
-	flowInfo, err := flow.RequestAuthInfo(ctx)
+	flowInfo, err := oAuthFlow.RequestAuthInfo(context.TODO())
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("request auth info: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("getting a request OAuth flow info failed: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	urlOpener.Open(flowInfo.VerificationURIComplete, flowInfo.UserCode)
+	go urlOpener.Open(flowInfo.VerificationURIComplete, flowInfo.UserCode)
 
-	if onWaiting != nil {
-		onWaiting()
-	}
-
-	tokenInfo, err := flow.WaitToken(ctx, flowInfo)
+	tokenInfo, err := oAuthFlow.WaitToken(a.ctx, flowInfo)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wait for token: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("waiting for browser login failed: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	return &tokenInfo, nil

client/android/ssh_client.go

@@ -1,752 +0,0 @@
-//go:build android
-
-package android
-
-import (
-	"bufio"
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net"
-	"os"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	gossh "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
-	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/knownhosts"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
-	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/detection"
-)
-
-const (
-	sshDialTimeout      = 30 * time.Second
-	sshDetectionTimeout = 5 * time.Second
-)
-
-// PasswordRequiredMarker tells Java to prompt for a password and retry. It is
-// a string because gomobile flattens errors to their message, so a sentinel
-// value would not survive the binding.
-const PasswordRequiredMarker = "netbird-ssh-password-required"
-
-// HostKeyUnknownMarker tells Java to show the fingerprint and, on confirmation,
-// retry with TrustHostKey set. The presented fingerprint is appended after the
-// marker so the prompt can display it and the retry can guard against a key
-// that changed between the two connects. Only regular (non-NetBird) servers
-// reach this: NetBird peers verify against the registry.
-const HostKeyUnknownMarker = "netbird-ssh-hostkey-unknown"
-
-var (
-	errPasswordRequired = errors.New(PasswordRequiredMarker)
-	errClientClosed     = errors.New("ssh client closed")
-)
-
-// errHostKeyUnknown carries the presented fingerprint so Connect can build the
-// marker message the Java side parses.
-type errHostKeyUnknown struct {
-	fingerprint string
-}
-
-func (e *errHostKeyUnknown) Error() string {
-	return HostKeyUnknownMarker + ":" + e.fingerprint
-}
-
-// SSHTerminalListener receives SSH session events. It is implemented in Java.
-//
-// All callbacks are invoked from goroutines and may run concurrently with each
-// other; the implementation must be safe to call from any thread.
-type SSHTerminalListener interface {
-	OnConnected()
-	OnData(data []byte)
-	OnClose(reason string)
-	OnError(message string)
-}
-
-// SSHClient is a NetBird-aware SSH client exposed to Java via gomobile.
-//
-// It dials through the running NetBird tunnel and runs a standard SSH session
-// on top with PTY enabled. Host-key verification uses the NetBird-provided
-// peer SSH host keys, identical to the desktop client.
-type SSHClient struct {
-	nb        *Client
-	mu        sync.Mutex
-	listener  SSHTerminalListener
-	urlOpener URLOpener
-
-	sshClient *gossh.Client
-	session   *gossh.Session
-	stdin     io.WriteCloser
-	closed    bool
-
-	// gen identifies the current connection attempt. Connect and Close bump it,
-	// so an in-flight dial or a reader left over from a previous connection
-	// finds itself stale and stays silent instead of publishing OnConnected or
-	// OnClose for a connection the caller already abandoned.
-	gen        uint64
-	dialCancel context.CancelFunc
-
-	// knownHostsPath is the TOFU store for regular SSH servers. Java supplies a
-	// per-profile path, since an overlay IP is a different host under a
-	// different profile. Empty until set: without it a regular server cannot be
-	// verified and Connect refuses one.
-	knownHostsPath string
-	// trustHostKey carries the fingerprint the user confirmed on a previous
-	// attempt, so the retry accepts exactly that key and persists it.
-	trustHostKey string
-}
-
-// NewSSHClient creates a new SSH client bound to the running NetBird Client.
-func NewSSHClient(c *Client) *SSHClient {
-	return &SSHClient{nb: c}
-}
-
-// SetListener registers the Java listener. Must be called before Connect to
-// receive any events.
-func (s *SSHClient) SetListener(l SSHTerminalListener) {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	s.listener = l
-	s.mu.Unlock()
-}
-
-// SetURLOpener registers the Java URL opener used to display the device-code
-// authorization page in a Custom Tabs window when the target peer requires
-// JWT authentication. Must be set before Connect to be effective.
-func (s *SSHClient) SetURLOpener(opener URLOpener) {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	s.urlOpener = opener
-	s.mu.Unlock()
-}
-
-// SetKnownHostsPath points the TOFU host-key store at a per-profile file. Must
-// be set before connecting to a regular SSH server; without it such a server
-// cannot be verified and Connect refuses one.
-func (s *SSHClient) SetKnownHostsPath(path string) {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	s.knownHostsPath = path
-	s.mu.Unlock()
-}
-
-// TrustHostKey records the fingerprint the user confirmed for a regular server,
-// so the next Connect accepts that exact key and adds it to the known-hosts
-// store. Passing a fingerprint that no longer matches makes the connect fail
-// rather than trust a key that changed since the prompt.
-func (s *SSHClient) TrustHostKey(fingerprint string) {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	s.trustHostKey = fingerprint
-	s.mu.Unlock()
-}
-
-// Connect dials the SSH server through the NetBird tunnel and performs the
-// SSH handshake. It auto-detects the server type via SSH banner inspection
-// and selects the appropriate authentication path:
-//
-//   - NetBird-SSH server requiring JWT: launches the OAuth 2.0 device-code
-//     flow, opens the verification URL through the registered URLOpener, and
-//     uses the resulting token as the SSH password. Host-key verification
-//     uses the NetBird peer registry.
-//   - NetBird-SSH server without JWT: authenticates with the NetBird SSH
-//     private key. Host-key verification uses the NetBird peer registry.
-//   - Regular SSH server (e.g. OpenSSH): authenticates with the NetBird key
-//     first (so a user-installed NetBird public key works), then falls back
-//     to the supplied password if non-empty. Host-key verification is
-//     trust-on-first-use against the per-profile known-hosts store.
-//
-// The password parameter is only consulted for regular SSH servers.
-func (s *SSHClient) Connect(host string, port int, user, password string) error {
-	if port < 1 || port > 65535 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid port: %d", port)
-	}
-
-	cfg, cfgPath, cc := s.nb.authSnapshot()
-	if cc == nil {
-		return errors.New("netbird client not running")
-	}
-	if cfg == nil {
-		return errors.New("netbird config not loaded")
-	}
-	engine := cc.Engine()
-	if engine == nil {
-		return errors.New("netbird engine not available")
-	}
-
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	s.gen++
-	gen := s.gen
-	s.mu.Unlock()
-
-	serverType := detectServerType(host, port)
-	log.Debugf("SSH server type: %s", serverType)
-
-	authMethods, hostKeyCallback, err := s.buildAuth(cfg, cfgPath, engine, serverType, password)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	clientConfig := &gossh.ClientConfig{
-		User:            user,
-		Auth:            authMethods,
-		HostKeyCallback: hostKeyCallback,
-		Timeout:         sshDialTimeout,
-	}
-	err = s.dialAndHandshake(gen, host, port, clientConfig)
-
-	// An unknown host key is a prompt, not a failure: return the marker intact
-	// (rootCause would unwrap it) so Java can show the fingerprint and retry.
-	var unknownHost *errHostKeyUnknown
-	if errors.As(err, &unknownHost) {
-		return errors.New(unknownHost.Error())
-	}
-
-	// A regular server may still accept a password, so let the caller ask for
-	// one instead of failing. NetBird servers never use a password, so a
-	// failure there is genuine.
-	if err != nil && serverType != detection.ServerTypeNetBirdJWT &&
-		serverType != detection.ServerTypeNetBirdNoJWT && isAuthFailure(err) &&
-		passwordCouldHelp(err, password != "") {
-		return errPasswordRequired
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return rootCause(err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// StartSession requests a PTY and starts an interactive shell. Output from
-// the session is forwarded to the listener via OnData.
-func (s *SSHClient) StartSession(cols, rows int) error {
-	err := s.startSession(cols, rows)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Infof("SSH: start session failed: %v", err)
-		return rootCause(err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Write sends data to the SSH session stdin.
-func (s *SSHClient) Write(data []byte) error {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	stdin := s.stdin
-	s.mu.Unlock()
-	if stdin == nil {
-		return errors.New("ssh session not started")
-	}
-	if _, err := stdin.Write(data); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("write stdin: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Resize updates the PTY window size.
-func (s *SSHClient) Resize(cols, rows int) error {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	session := s.session
-	s.mu.Unlock()
-	if session == nil {
-		return errors.New("ssh session not started")
-	}
-	return session.WindowChange(rows, cols)
-}
-
-// Reset makes a closed client usable for another Connect: Close leaves the
-// one-shot guard set, and clearing it lets the same client back a reconnect.
-func (s *SSHClient) Reset() {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.mu.Unlock()
-	s.closed = false
-}
-
-// Close terminates the SSH session and underlying connection. Safe to call
-// multiple times.
-func (s *SSHClient) Close() error {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	s.gen++
-	if s.dialCancel != nil {
-		s.dialCancel()
-		s.dialCancel = nil
-	}
-	sshClient := s.sshClient
-	session := s.session
-	stdin := s.stdin
-	s.sshClient = nil
-	s.session = nil
-	s.stdin = nil
-	notify := !s.closed
-	s.closed = true
-	listener := s.listener
-	s.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if stdin != nil {
-		if err := stdin.Close(); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("ssh: stdin close: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-	if session != nil {
-		if err := session.Close(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-			log.Debugf("ssh: session close: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-	var firstErr error
-	if sshClient != nil {
-		if err := sshClient.Close(); err != nil {
-			firstErr = err
-		}
-	}
-	if notify && listener != nil {
-		listener.OnClose("closed by client")
-	}
-	return firstErr
-}
-
-func (s *SSHClient) startSession(cols, rows int) error {
-	log.Debugf("SSH: starting session %dx%d", cols, rows)
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	sshClient := s.sshClient
-	gen := s.gen
-	s.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if sshClient == nil {
-		return errors.New("ssh client not connected")
-	}
-
-	pty, err := nbssh.StartPTYSession(sshClient, cols, rows)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	if gen != s.gen {
-		s.mu.Unlock()
-		closeQuiet(pty.Session, "stale session")
-		return errClientClosed
-	}
-	s.session = pty.Session
-	s.stdin = pty.Stdin
-	s.mu.Unlock()
-
-	readerDone := make(chan string, 2)
-	go func() { readerDone <- s.readLoop(pty.Stdout, "stdout") }()
-	go func() { readerDone <- s.readLoop(pty.Stderr, "stderr") }()
-	go func() {
-		reason := <-readerDone
-		if second := <-readerDone; reason == "" {
-			reason = second
-		}
-		s.notifyClose(gen, reason)
-	}()
-	log.Debug("SSH: session started, shell running")
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *SSHClient) buildAuth(cfg *profilemanager.Config, cfgPath string, engine *internal.Engine,
-	serverType detection.ServerType, password string) ([]gossh.AuthMethod, gossh.HostKeyCallback, error) {
-
-	switch serverType {
-	case detection.ServerTypeNetBirdJWT:
-		token, err := s.requestJWTToken(cfg, cfgPath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("jwt: %w", err)
-		}
-		auths := []gossh.AuthMethod{gossh.Password(token)}
-		return auths, nbssh.CreateHostKeyCallback(nbssh.PeerKeyLookup(engine.GetPeerSSHKey)), nil
-
-	case detection.ServerTypeNetBirdNoJWT:
-		if cfg.SSHKey == "" {
-			return nil, nil, errors.New("no NetBird SSH key available")
-		}
-		signer, err := gossh.ParsePrivateKey([]byte(cfg.SSHKey))
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("parse netbird ssh key: %w", err)
-		}
-		auths := []gossh.AuthMethod{gossh.PublicKeys(signer)}
-		return auths, nbssh.CreateHostKeyCallback(nbssh.PeerKeyLookup(engine.GetPeerSSHKey)), nil
-
-	case detection.ServerTypeRegular:
-		var auths []gossh.AuthMethod
-		if cfg.SSHKey != "" {
-			if signer, err := gossh.ParsePrivateKey([]byte(cfg.SSHKey)); err == nil {
-				auths = append(auths, gossh.PublicKeys(signer))
-			} else {
-				log.Debugf("ssh: parse netbird key for regular auth: %v", err)
-			}
-		}
-		if password != "" {
-			pw := password
-			auths = append(auths, gossh.Password(pw))
-			auths = append(auths, gossh.KeyboardInteractive(func(_, _ string, questions []string, _ []bool) ([]string, error) {
-				answers := make([]string, len(questions))
-				for i := range questions {
-					answers[i] = pw
-				}
-				return answers, nil
-			}))
-		}
-		if len(auths) == 0 {
-			// Nothing to offer at all: ask for a password rather than failing,
-			// so the caller can retry once the user supplies one.
-			return nil, nil, errPasswordRequired
-		}
-		callback, err := s.tofuHostKeyCallback()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, err
-		}
-		return auths, callback, nil
-
-	default:
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported SSH server type: %v", serverType)
-	}
-}
-
-// tofuHostKeyCallback verifies a regular server's host key against the
-// per-profile known-hosts file. An unknown host returns errHostKeyUnknown so
-// Java can show the fingerprint and, once confirmed, retry with the key
-// trusted; a changed key is rejected outright, as OpenSSH does. When the user
-// has confirmed a fingerprint, the callback accepts exactly that key and
-// appends it to the store.
-func (s *SSHClient) tofuHostKeyCallback() (gossh.HostKeyCallback, error) {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	path := s.knownHostsPath
-	trusted := s.trustHostKey
-	s.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if path == "" {
-		return nil, errors.New("no known-hosts store configured for regular SSH")
-	}
-
-	if err := ensureFileExists(path); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("prepare known-hosts store: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	known, err := knownhosts.New(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("load known-hosts store: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return func(hostname string, remote net.Addr, key gossh.PublicKey) error {
-		err := known(hostname, remote, key)
-		if err == nil {
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		var keyErr *knownhosts.KeyError
-		if !errors.As(err, &keyErr) {
-			return err
-		}
-		// Want holds the keys already stored for this host: non-empty means the
-		// presented key replaced a known one, which TOFU must never accept
-		// silently.
-		if len(keyErr.Want) > 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("SSH host key changed for %s (possible attack)", hostname)
-		}
-
-		fingerprint := gossh.FingerprintSHA256(key)
-		if trusted == "" {
-			return &errHostKeyUnknown{fingerprint: fingerprint}
-		}
-		if trusted != fingerprint {
-			return fmt.Errorf("SSH host key changed since it was confirmed for %s", hostname)
-		}
-		if err := appendKnownHost(path, hostname, remote, key); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("persist trusted host key: %w", err)
-		}
-		// The confirmation is spent: now that the key is stored, a later
-		// reconnect must verify against the file, not re-accept this fingerprint.
-		s.mu.Lock()
-		s.trustHostKey = ""
-		s.mu.Unlock()
-		return nil
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (s *SSHClient) requestJWTToken(cfg *profilemanager.Config, cfgPath string) (string, error) {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	urlOpener := s.urlOpener
-	s.mu.Unlock()
-	if urlOpener == nil {
-		return "", errors.New("URL opener not configured for JWT auth")
-	}
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Minute)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	flow, err := auth.NewOAuthFlow(ctx, cfg, false, true, profileLoginHint(cfgPath))
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("create oauth flow: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// The status callback covers the browser round-trip, which would
-	// otherwise leave the terminal blank.
-	tokenInfo, err := runOAuthFlow(ctx, flow, urlOpener, func() {
-		s.notifyStatus("Waiting for browser authentication...")
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	token := tokenInfo.GetTokenToUse()
-	if token == "" {
-		return "", errors.New("empty token returned by IdP")
-	}
-
-	// Tells the client the browser round-trip is over so it can dismiss the
-	// surface it opened, the same way the login and session-extend flows do.
-	// Without it the Custom Tab stays in front of the terminal even though the
-	// token has already been collected.
-	urlOpener.OnLoginSuccess()
-
-	return token, nil
-}
-
-func (s *SSHClient) dialAndHandshake(gen uint64, host string, port int, clientConfig *gossh.ClientConfig) error {
-	addr := net.JoinHostPort(host, strconv.Itoa(port))
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), sshDialTimeout)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	if gen != s.gen {
-		s.mu.Unlock()
-		return errClientClosed
-	}
-	s.dialCancel = cancel
-	s.mu.Unlock()
-
-	var dialer net.Dialer
-	conn, err := dialer.DialContext(ctx, "tcp", addr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("dial %s: %w", addr, err)
-	}
-
-	client, err := nbssh.Handshake(ctx, conn, addr, clientConfig)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	if gen != s.gen {
-		s.mu.Unlock()
-		closeQuiet(client, "stale ssh client")
-		return errClientClosed
-	}
-	s.sshClient = client
-	listener := s.listener
-	s.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if listener != nil {
-		listener.OnConnected()
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *SSHClient) readLoop(r io.Reader, name string) string {
-	buf := make([]byte, 4096)
-	for {
-		n, err := r.Read(buf)
-		if n > 0 {
-			s.mu.Lock()
-			listener := s.listener
-			s.mu.Unlock()
-			if listener != nil {
-				chunk := make([]byte, n)
-				copy(chunk, buf[:n])
-				listener.OnData(chunk)
-			}
-		}
-		if err != nil {
-			// EOF is a normal shell exit, so report it without a reason.
-			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-				return ""
-			}
-			log.Debugf("ssh %s read: %v", name, err)
-			return rootCause(err).Error()
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// notifyStatus writes a progress line to the terminal through the normal
-// output path, so long steps are visible while nothing else is arriving.
-func (s *SSHClient) notifyStatus(text string) {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	listener := s.listener
-	s.mu.Unlock()
-	if listener != nil {
-		listener.OnData([]byte("\r\n\x1b[33m" + text + "\x1b[0m\r\n"))
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *SSHClient) notifyClose(gen uint64, reason string) {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	if gen != s.gen || s.closed {
-		s.mu.Unlock()
-		return
-	}
-	s.closed = true
-	listener := s.listener
-	s.mu.Unlock()
-	if listener != nil {
-		listener.OnClose(reason)
-	}
-}
-
-// RemoveKnownHost deletes every known_hosts entry for host:port from the store,
-// so a host trusted for a session that is being deleted does not linger. Java
-// calls this only once no session targets that host, so a shared host stays
-// trusted. Missing file or entry is not an error: the goal state is "absent".
-func RemoveKnownHost(path, host string, port int) error {
-	target := knownhosts.Normalize(net.JoinHostPort(host, strconv.Itoa(port)))
-
-	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			return nil
-		}
-		return err
-	}
-
-	var kept []string
-	changed := false
-	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(bytes.NewReader(data))
-	for scanner.Scan() {
-		line := scanner.Text()
-		if knownHostsLineMatches(line, target) {
-			changed = true
-			continue
-		}
-		kept = append(kept, line)
-	}
-	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if !changed {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	out := strings.Join(kept, "\n")
-	if len(kept) > 0 {
-		out += "\n"
-	}
-	return os.WriteFile(path, []byte(out), 0o600)
-}
-
-func closeQuiet(c io.Closer, label string) {
-	if c == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	if err := c.Close(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-		log.Debugf("ssh: close %s: %v", label, err)
-	}
-}
-
-func detectServerType(host string, port int) detection.ServerType {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), sshDetectionTimeout)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	dialer := &net.Dialer{}
-	serverType, err := detection.DetectSSHServerType(ctx, dialer, host, port)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("ssh: server detection failed: %v (assuming regular SSH)", err)
-		return detection.ServerTypeRegular
-	}
-	return serverType
-}
-
-// rootCause returns the innermost error of a %w chain, so the terminal shows
-// "i/o timeout" rather than every layer that added context on the way up.
-func rootCause(err error) error {
-	for {
-		// A joined error has no single root, so keep it as-is.
-		if _, ok := err.(interface{ Unwrap() []error }); ok {
-			return err
-		}
-		next := errors.Unwrap(err)
-		if next == nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = next
-	}
-}
-
-// ensureFileExists creates an empty known-hosts file when none exists yet, so
-// knownhosts.New has something to parse on the first connection to any host.
-func ensureFileExists(path string) error {
-	f, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0o600)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return f.Close()
-}
-
-// appendKnownHost adds the confirmed key to the store in the standard
-// known_hosts format, so it verifies silently on later connections and can be
-// inspected or edited like any OpenSSH known_hosts file.
-func appendKnownHost(path, hostname string, remote net.Addr, key gossh.PublicKey) error {
-	addresses := []string{knownhosts.Normalize(hostname)}
-	if remote != nil {
-		if normalized := knownhosts.Normalize(remote.String()); normalized != addresses[0] {
-			addresses = append(addresses, normalized)
-		}
-	}
-	line := knownhosts.Line(addresses, key)
-
-	f, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_APPEND|os.O_WRONLY, 0o600)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		if cerr := f.Close(); cerr != nil {
-			log.Debugf("ssh: close known-hosts after append: %v", cerr)
-		}
-	}()
-	_, err = f.WriteString(line + "\n")
-	return err
-}
-
-// knownHostsLineMatches reports whether a known_hosts line's address list
-// contains the normalized target. Comment and blank lines never match.
-func knownHostsLineMatches(line, target string) bool {
-	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(line)
-	if trimmed == "" || strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "#") {
-		return false
-	}
-	fields := strings.Fields(trimmed)
-	if len(fields) == 0 {
-		return false
-	}
-	for _, addr := range strings.Split(fields[0], ",") {
-		if addr == target {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-// isAuthFailure distinguishes credential rejection from dial, timeout and
-// host-key errors, which retrying with a password would not fix.
-func isAuthFailure(err error) bool {
-	if errors.Is(err, errPasswordRequired) {
-		return true
-	}
-	var partial *gossh.PartialSuccessError
-	if errors.As(err, &partial) {
-		return true
-	}
-	return strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unable to authenticate")
-}
-
-// passwordCouldHelp reports whether prompting for a password again can change
-// the outcome. gossh lists a method under "attempted methods" only when the
-// server offered it, so a supplied password that was never attempted means the
-// server does not accept passwords and the real error should surface instead.
-func passwordCouldHelp(err error, passwordOffered bool) bool {
-	if !passwordOffered {
-		return true
-	}
-	msg := err.Error()
-	return strings.Contains(msg, "password") || strings.Contains(msg, "keyboard-interactive")
-}

client/embed/embed.go

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
-	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
+	sshcommon "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
@@ -521,7 +521,12 @@ func (c *Client) VerifySSHHostKey(peerAddress string, key []byte) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	return nbssh.PeerKeyLookup(engine.GetPeerSSHKey).VerifySSHHostKey(peerAddress, key)
+	storedKey, found := engine.GetPeerSSHKey(peerAddress)
+	if !found {
+		return sshcommon.ErrPeerNotFound
+	}
+
+	return sshcommon.VerifyHostKey(storedKey, key, peerAddress)
 }
 
 // SetPerformance retunes a running Client. Only PreallocatedBuffersPerPool

client/internal/auth/auth.go

@@ -138,37 +138,26 @@ func (a *Auth) IsSSOSupported(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
 
 // GetOAuthFlow returns an OAuth flow (PKCE or Device) using the existing management connection
 // This avoids creating a new connection to the management server
-func (a *Auth) GetOAuthFlow(ctx context.Context, forceDeviceAuth bool, hint string) (OAuthFlow, error) {
+func (a *Auth) GetOAuthFlow(ctx context.Context, forceDeviceAuth bool) (OAuthFlow, error) {
 	var flow OAuthFlow
+	var err error
 
-	err := a.withRetry(ctx, func(client *mgm.GrpcClient) error {
+	err = a.withRetry(ctx, func(client *mgm.GrpcClient) error {
 		if forceDeviceAuth {
-			deviceFlow, err := a.getDeviceFlow(client)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			deviceFlow.SetLoginHint(hint)
-			flow = deviceFlow
-			return nil
+			flow, err = a.getDeviceFlow(client)
+			return err
 		}
 
 		// Try PKCE flow first
-		pkceFlow, err := a.getPKCEFlow(client)
+		flow, err = a.getPKCEFlow(client)
 		if err != nil {
 			// If PKCE not supported, try Device flow
 			if s, ok := status.FromError(err); ok && (s.Code() == codes.NotFound || s.Code() == codes.Unimplemented) {
-				deviceFlow, err := a.getDeviceFlow(client)
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				deviceFlow.SetLoginHint(hint)
-				flow = deviceFlow
-				return nil
+				flow, err = a.getDeviceFlow(client)
+				return err
 			}
 			return err
 		}
-		pkceFlow.SetLoginHint(hint)
-		flow = pkceFlow
 		return nil
 	})
 

client/internal/auth/oauth.go

@@ -97,7 +97,9 @@ func authenticateWithPKCEFlow(ctx context.Context, config *profilemanager.Config
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("getting pkce authorization flow info failed with error: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	pkceFlowInfo.SetLoginHint(hint)
+	if hint != "" {
+		pkceFlowInfo.SetLoginHint(hint)
+	}
 
 	return pkceFlowInfo, nil
 }
@@ -125,7 +127,9 @@ func authenticateWithDeviceCodeFlow(ctx context.Context, config *profilemanager.
 		}
 	}
 
-	deviceFlowInfo.SetLoginHint(hint)
+	if hint != "" {
+		deviceFlowInfo.SetLoginHint(hint)
+	}
 
 	return deviceFlowInfo, nil
 }

client/internal/profilemanager/state.go

@@ -87,9 +87,10 @@ func (pm *ProfileManager) SetActiveProfileState(state *ProfileState) error {
 
 // RemoveProfileState deletes the per-profile state file (which holds the
 // account email used for the SSO login hint and the UI display). Called after
-// a successful logout so a logged-out profile no longer shows a stale account
-// email. The state file only stores the email, so deleting it is equivalent to
-// clearing it; the next SSO login recreates it. A missing file is not an error.
+// profile removal; logout keeps the file so the next login can pass the email
+// as the login_hint. The state file only stores the email, so deleting it is
+// equivalent to clearing it; the next SSO login recreates it. A missing file
+// is not an error.
 func (pm *ProfileManager) RemoveProfileState(profileName string) error {
 	configDir, err := getConfigDir()
 	if err != nil {

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/routeselection_windows_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package systemops
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestSortRouteCandidates(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		candidates []candidateRoute
+		wantOrder  []uint32
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "longest prefix wins over metrics",
+			candidates: []candidateRoute{
+				{interfaceIndex: 1, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: 0, interfaceMetric: 5},
+				{interfaceIndex: 2, prefixLength: 24, routeMetric: 100, interfaceMetric: 50},
+			},
+			wantOrder: []uint32{2, 1},
+		},
+		{
+			// Windows ranks equal-length prefixes by route metric + interface metric,
+			// so a higher route metric on a low metric interface can still win.
+			name: "combined metric beats route metric alone",
+			candidates: []candidateRoute{
+				{interfaceIndex: 8, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: 0, interfaceMetric: 100},
+				{interfaceIndex: 5, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: 10, interfaceMetric: 5},
+			},
+			wantOrder: []uint32{5, 8},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "lower combined metric wins",
+			candidates: []candidateRoute{
+				{interfaceIndex: 5, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: 300, interfaceMetric: 5},
+				{interfaceIndex: 8, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: 0, interfaceMetric: 100},
+			},
+			wantOrder: []uint32{8, 5},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "equal combined metric falls back to route metric",
+			candidates: []candidateRoute{
+				{interfaceIndex: 1, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: 20, interfaceMetric: 10},
+				{interfaceIndex: 2, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: 5, interfaceMetric: 25},
+			},
+			wantOrder: []uint32{2, 1},
+		},
+		{
+			// The metrics are uint32 on the Windows side, so the sum must not wrap.
+			name: "combined metric beyond the uint32 range",
+			candidates: []candidateRoute{
+				{interfaceIndex: 1, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: math.MaxUint32, interfaceMetric: 5},
+				{interfaceIndex: 2, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: math.MaxUint32 - 10, interfaceMetric: 5},
+			},
+			wantOrder: []uint32{2, 1},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "unknown interface metric ranks on route metric only",
+			candidates: []candidateRoute{
+				{interfaceIndex: 1, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: 30, interfaceMetric: -1},
+				{interfaceIndex: 2, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: 5, interfaceMetric: 10},
+			},
+			wantOrder: []uint32{2, 1},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			sortRouteCandidates(tt.candidates)
+
+			got := make([]uint32, 0, len(tt.candidates))
+			for _, c := range tt.candidates {
+				got = append(got, c.interfaceIndex)
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantOrder, got)
+		})
+	}
+}

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_windows.go

@@ -882,26 +882,40 @@ func getInterfaceMetric(interfaceIndex uint32, family int16) int {
 	return int(ipInterfaceRow.Metric)
 }
 
-// sortRouteCandidates sorts route candidates by priority: prefix length -> route metric -> interface metric
+// sortRouteCandidates sorts route candidates by priority: prefix length -> combined metric -> route metric.
+// Windows prefers the longest matching prefix and, among prefixes of the same length, the lowest metric, see
+// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/customize/desktop/unattend/microsoft-windows-tcpip-interfaces-interface-routes-route-metric
 func sortRouteCandidates(candidates []candidateRoute) {
 	sort.Slice(candidates, func(i, j int) bool {
 		if candidates[i].prefixLength != candidates[j].prefixLength {
 			return candidates[i].prefixLength > candidates[j].prefixLength
 		}
-		if candidates[i].routeMetric != candidates[j].routeMetric {
-			return candidates[i].routeMetric < candidates[j].routeMetric
+		mi, mj := combinedMetric(candidates[i]), combinedMetric(candidates[j])
+		if mi != mj {
+			return mi < mj
 		}
-		return candidates[i].interfaceMetric < candidates[j].interfaceMetric
+		return candidates[i].routeMetric < candidates[j].routeMetric
 	})
 }
 
+// combinedMetric returns the effective metric Windows uses to rank routes with an equal prefix length:
+// the sum of the route metric and the metric of the interface the route is on, see
+// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/networking/technologies/network-subsystem/net-sub-interface-metric
+// An unknown interface metric contributes nothing.
+func combinedMetric(candidate candidateRoute) uint64 {
+	if candidate.interfaceMetric < 0 {
+		return uint64(candidate.routeMetric)
+	}
+	return uint64(candidate.routeMetric) + uint64(candidate.interfaceMetric)
+}
+
 // GetBestInterface finds the best interface for reaching a destination,
 // excluding the VPN interface to avoid routing loops.
 //
 // Route selection priority:
 // 1. Longest prefix match (most specific route)
-// 2. Lowest route metric
-// 3. Lowest interface metric
+// 2. Lowest combined metric (route metric + interface metric)
+// 3. Lowest route metric.
 func GetBestInterface(dest netip.Addr, vpnIntf string) (*net.Interface, error) {
 	var skipInterfaceIndex int
 	if vpnIntf != "" {
@@ -925,7 +939,6 @@ func GetBestInterface(dest netip.Addr, vpnIntf string) (*net.Interface, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no route to %s", dest)
 	}
 
-	// Sort routes: prefix length -> route metric -> interface metric
 	sortRouteCandidates(candidates)
 
 	for _, candidate := range candidates {

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/v6route_linux_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package systemops
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"syscall"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ func ensureIPv6DefaultRoute(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	if err := netlink.RouteAdd(route); err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, syscall.EEXIST) {
+			requireUsableIPv6Nexthop(t)
 			return
 		}
 		t.Skipf("install IPv6 fallback default route: %v", err)
@@ -38,4 +40,36 @@ func ensureIPv6DefaultRoute(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Logf("delete IPv6 fallback default route: %v", err)
 		}
 	})
+
+	requireUsableIPv6Nexthop(t)
+}
+
+// requireUsableIPv6Nexthop skips the test unless the resolved IPv6 default
+// nexthop can actually carry a route. Installing the default route succeeding
+// does not imply the kernel accepts it as a nexthop for a concrete prefix.
+func requireUsableIPv6Nexthop(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	nexthop, err := GetNextHop(netip.IPv6Unspecified())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("resolve IPv6 default nexthop: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	probe := &netlink.Route{
+		Scope:  netlink.SCOPE_UNIVERSE,
+		Table:  syscall.RT_TABLE_MAIN,
+		Family: netlink.FAMILY_V6,
+		Dst:    &net.IPNet{IP: net.ParseIP("100::64"), Mask: net.CIDRMask(128, 128)},
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, addNextHop(nexthop, probe), "build IPv6 probe route")
+
+	switch err := netlink.RouteAdd(probe); {
+	case err == nil:
+		if err := netlink.RouteDel(probe); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, syscall.ESRCH) {
+			t.Logf("delete IPv6 probe route: %v", err)
+		}
+	case errors.Is(err, syscall.EEXIST):
+	default:
+		t.Skipf("IPv6 nexthop %s unusable for route installation: %v", nexthop, err)
+	}
 }

client/ios/NetBirdSDK/login.go

@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ func (a *Auth) login(urlOpener URLOpener, forceDeviceAuth bool, deviceName strin
 const authInfoRequestTimeout = 30 * time.Second
 
 func (a *Auth) foregroundGetTokenInfo(authClient *auth.Auth, urlOpener URLOpener, forceDeviceAuth bool) (*auth.TokenInfo, error) {
-	oAuthFlow, err := authClient.GetOAuthFlow(a.ctx, forceDeviceAuth, "")
+	oAuthFlow, err := authClient.GetOAuthFlow(a.ctx, forceDeviceAuth)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get OAuth flow: %v", err)
 	}

client/ssh/client/client.go

@@ -313,23 +313,21 @@ func Dial(ctx context.Context, addr, user string, opts DialOptions) (*Client, er
 
 // dialSSH establishes an SSH connection without JWT authentication
 func dialSSH(ctx context.Context, network, addr string, config *ssh.ClientConfig) (*Client, error) {
-	if config.Timeout > 0 {
-		var cancel context.CancelFunc
-		ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(ctx, config.Timeout)
-		defer cancel()
-	}
-
 	dialer := &net.Dialer{}
 	conn, err := dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, addr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dial %s: %w", addr, err)
 	}
 
-	client, err := nbssh.Handshake(ctx, conn, addr, config)
+	clientConn, chans, reqs, err := ssh.NewClientConn(conn, addr, config)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		if closeErr := conn.Close(); closeErr != nil {
+			log.Debugf("connection close after handshake failure: %v", closeErr)
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ssh handshake: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	client := ssh.NewClient(clientConn, chans, reqs)
 	return &Client{
 		client: client,
 	}, nil

client/ssh/client/terminal_unix.go

@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
 	"golang.org/x/term"
-
-	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 )
 
 func (c *Client) setupTerminalMode(ctx context.Context, session *ssh.Session) error {
@@ -84,7 +82,37 @@ func (c *Client) setupTerminal(session *ssh.Session, fd int) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("get terminal size: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	modes := nbssh.DefaultTerminalModes
+	modes := ssh.TerminalModes{
+		ssh.ECHO:          1,
+		ssh.TTY_OP_ISPEED: 14400,
+		ssh.TTY_OP_OSPEED: 14400,
+		// Ctrl+C
+		ssh.VINTR: 3,
+		// Ctrl+\
+		ssh.VQUIT: 28,
+		// Backspace
+		ssh.VERASE: 127,
+		// Ctrl+U
+		ssh.VKILL: 21,
+		// Ctrl+D
+		ssh.VEOF:  4,
+		ssh.VEOL:  0,
+		ssh.VEOL2: 0,
+		// Ctrl+Q
+		ssh.VSTART: 17,
+		// Ctrl+S
+		ssh.VSTOP: 19,
+		// Ctrl+Z
+		ssh.VSUSP: 26,
+		// Ctrl+O
+		ssh.VDISCARD: 15,
+		// Ctrl+R
+		ssh.VREPRINT: 18,
+		// Ctrl+W
+		ssh.VWERASE: 23,
+		// Ctrl+V
+		ssh.VLNEXT: 22,
+	}
 
 	terminal := os.Getenv("TERM")
 	if terminal == "" {

client/ssh/client/terminal_windows.go

@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@ import (
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
-
-	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -82,14 +80,28 @@ func (c *Client) setupTerminalMode(_ context.Context, session *ssh.Session) erro
 	w, h := c.getWindowsConsoleSize()
 
 	modes := ssh.TerminalModes{
-		ssh.ICRNL:  1,
-		ssh.OPOST:  1,
-		ssh.ONLCR:  1,
-		ssh.ISIG:   1,
-		ssh.ICANON: 1,
-	}
-	for mode, value := range nbssh.DefaultTerminalModes {
-		modes[mode] = value
+		ssh.ECHO:          1,
+		ssh.TTY_OP_ISPEED: 14400,
+		ssh.TTY_OP_OSPEED: 14400,
+		ssh.ICRNL:         1,
+		ssh.OPOST:         1,
+		ssh.ONLCR:         1,
+		ssh.ISIG:          1,
+		ssh.ICANON:        1,
+		ssh.VINTR:         3,   // Ctrl+C
+		ssh.VQUIT:         28,  // Ctrl+\
+		ssh.VERASE:        127, // Backspace
+		ssh.VKILL:         21,  // Ctrl+U
+		ssh.VEOF:          4,   // Ctrl+D
+		ssh.VEOL:          0,
+		ssh.VEOL2:         0,
+		ssh.VSTART:        17, // Ctrl+Q
+		ssh.VSTOP:         19, // Ctrl+S
+		ssh.VSUSP:         26, // Ctrl+Z
+		ssh.VDISCARD:      15, // Ctrl+O
+		ssh.VWERASE:       23, // Ctrl+W
+		ssh.VLNEXT:        22, // Ctrl+V
+		ssh.VREPRINT:      18, // Ctrl+R
 	}
 
 	if err := session.RequestPty("xterm-256color", h, w, modes); err != nil {

client/ssh/common.go

@@ -35,19 +35,6 @@ type HostKeyVerifier interface {
 	VerifySSHHostKey(peerAddress string, key []byte) error
 }
 
-// PeerKeyLookup returns the stored SSH host key for a peer address.
-type PeerKeyLookup func(peerAddress string) ([]byte, bool)
-
-// VerifySSHHostKey implements HostKeyVerifier by looking up the stored key
-// and comparing it against the presented key.
-func (l PeerKeyLookup) VerifySSHHostKey(peerAddress string, presentedKey []byte) error {
-	storedKey, found := l(peerAddress)
-	if !found {
-		return ErrPeerNotFound
-	}
-	return VerifyHostKey(storedKey, presentedKey, peerAddress)
-}
-
 // DaemonHostKeyVerifier implements HostKeyVerifier using the NetBird daemon
 type DaemonHostKeyVerifier struct {
 	client proto.DaemonServiceClient

client/ssh/handshake.go

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-package ssh
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net"
-	"time"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
-)
-
-// Handshake runs the SSH client handshake on an already dialed conn and
-// returns the resulting client. Dialing bounds only the TCP establishment;
-// without a deadline on the socket a peer that accepts and then goes silent
-// blocks the handshake forever, so the context deadline is applied to conn
-// for the duration of the handshake. conn is closed on any error.
-func Handshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, addr string, config *ssh.ClientConfig) (*ssh.Client, error) {
-	if deadline, ok := ctx.Deadline(); ok {
-		if err := conn.SetDeadline(deadline); err != nil {
-			closeHandshake(conn, "conn after deadline error")
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("set handshake deadline: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	sshConn, chans, reqs, err := ssh.NewClientConn(conn, addr, config)
-	if err != nil {
-		closeHandshake(conn, "conn after handshake error")
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ssh handshake: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := conn.SetDeadline(time.Time{}); err != nil {
-		closeHandshake(sshConn, "ssh conn after deadline clear error")
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("clear handshake deadline: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return ssh.NewClient(sshConn, chans, reqs), nil
-}
-
-func closeHandshake(c io.Closer, label string) {
-	if err := c.Close(); err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("ssh: close %s: %v", label, err)
-	}
-}

client/ssh/proxy/proxy.go

@@ -610,10 +610,13 @@ func (p *SSHProxy) dialBackend(ctx context.Context, addr, user, jwtToken string)
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("connect to server: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	handshakeCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, sshHandshakeTimeout)
-	defer cancel()
+	clientConn, chans, reqs, err := cryptossh.NewClientConn(conn, addr, config)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = conn.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("SSH handshake: %w", err)
+	}
 
-	return nbssh.Handshake(handshakeCtx, conn, addr, config)
+	return cryptossh.NewClient(clientConn, chans, reqs), nil
 }
 
 func (p *SSHProxy) verifyHostKey(hostname string, remote net.Addr, key cryptossh.PublicKey) error {

client/ssh/session.go

@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-package ssh
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
-)
-
-// DefaultTerminalModes are the PTY modes used by the interactive terminal clients.
-var DefaultTerminalModes = ssh.TerminalModes{
-	ssh.ECHO:          1,
-	ssh.TTY_OP_ISPEED: 14400,
-	ssh.TTY_OP_OSPEED: 14400,
-	ssh.VINTR:         3,   // Ctrl+C
-	ssh.VQUIT:         28,  // Ctrl+\
-	ssh.VERASE:        127, // Backspace
-	ssh.VKILL:         21,  // Ctrl+U
-	ssh.VEOF:          4,   // Ctrl+D
-	ssh.VEOL:          0,
-	ssh.VEOL2:         0,
-	ssh.VSTART:        17, // Ctrl+Q
-	ssh.VSTOP:         19, // Ctrl+S
-	ssh.VSUSP:         26, // Ctrl+Z
-	ssh.VDISCARD:      15, // Ctrl+O
-	ssh.VREPRINT:      18, // Ctrl+R
-	ssh.VWERASE:       23, // Ctrl+W
-	ssh.VLNEXT:        22, // Ctrl+V
-}
-
-// PTYSession is an interactive shell session with a PTY and its I/O pipes.
-type PTYSession struct {
-	Session *ssh.Session
-	Stdin   io.WriteCloser
-	Stdout  io.Reader
-	Stderr  io.Reader
-}
-
-// StartPTYSession opens a session on the client, requests an xterm-256color PTY
-// with the default terminal modes, wires up the I/O pipes and starts a shell.
-// The session is closed on any error.
-func StartPTYSession(client *ssh.Client, cols, rows int) (*PTYSession, error) {
-	session, err := client.NewSession()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("new session: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	pty, err := setupPTYSession(session, cols, rows)
-	if err != nil {
-		if closeErr := session.Close(); closeErr != nil {
-			log.Debugf("ssh: session close after setup error: %v", closeErr)
-		}
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return pty, nil
-}
-
-// setupPTYSession requests the PTY, opens the pipes and starts the shell on an
-// already created session.
-func setupPTYSession(session *ssh.Session, cols, rows int) (*PTYSession, error) {
-	if err := session.RequestPty("xterm-256color", rows, cols, DefaultTerminalModes); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("request pty: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	stdin, err := session.StdinPipe()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("stdin pipe: %w", err)
-	}
-	stdout, err := session.StdoutPipe()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("stdout pipe: %w", err)
-	}
-	stderr, err := session.StderrPipe()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("stderr pipe: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := session.Shell(); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("start shell: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return &PTYSession{Session: session, Stdin: stdin, Stdout: stdout, Stderr: stderr}, nil
-}

client/ui/authsession/service.go

@@ -6,9 +6,11 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"time"
 
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 )
 
@@ -60,9 +62,19 @@ func (s *Session) RequestExtend(ctx context.Context, p ExtendStartParams) (Exten
 
 	// a request from the UI implies a graphical session, which the daemon cannot detect itself
 	req := &proto.RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest{HasGraphicalSession: true}
-	if p.Hint != "" {
-		h := p.Hint
-		req.Hint = &h
+	hint := p.Hint
+	if hint == "" {
+		pm := profilemanager.NewProfileManager()
+		if active, perr := pm.GetActiveProfile(); perr != nil {
+			log.Debugf("failed to get active profile for login hint: %v", perr)
+		} else if state, serr := pm.GetProfileState(active.ID); serr != nil {
+			log.Debugf("failed to get profile state for login hint: %v", serr)
+		} else {
+			hint = state.Email
+		}
+	}
+	if hint != "" {
+		req.Hint = &hint
 	}
 
 	resp, err := cli.RequestExtendAuthSession(ctx, req)

client/ui/services/connection.go

@@ -123,8 +123,16 @@ func (s *Connection) Login(ctx context.Context, p LoginParams) (LoginResult, err
 	if p.PreSharedKey != "" {
 		req.OptionalPreSharedKey = ptrStr(p.PreSharedKey)
 	}
-	if p.Hint != "" {
-		req.Hint = ptrStr(p.Hint)
+	hint := p.Hint
+	if hint == "" && profileID != "" {
+		if state, serr := profilemanager.NewProfileManager().GetProfileState(profilemanager.ID(profileID)); serr == nil {
+			hint = state.Email
+		} else {
+			log.Debugf("failed to get profile state for login hint: %v", serr)
+		}
+	}
+	if hint != "" {
+		req.Hint = ptrStr(hint)
 	}
 
 	resp, err := cli.Login(ctx, req)
@@ -228,16 +236,6 @@ func (s *Connection) Logout(ctx context.Context, p LogoutParams) error {
 		return s.classifyDaemonError(err)
 	}
 
-	// The daemon runs as root and can't reach the user-owned per-profile state
-	// file holding the account email (see Profiles.List), so clear the stale
-	// email here; the next SSO login recreates it.
-	if p.ProfileName != "" {
-		if err := profilemanager.NewProfileManager().RemoveProfileState(p.ProfileName); err != nil {
-			// Non-fatal: the logout itself succeeded.
-			log.Warnf("failed to remove profile state for %s: %v", p.ProfileName, err)
-		}
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -261,7 +259,7 @@ func (s *Connection) waitSSOLogin(ctx context.Context, p WaitSSOParams) (string,
 
 	// Persist the account email the same way the CLI does after its own
 	// WaitSSOLogin: the daemon returns it but cannot store it, since it runs as
-	// root and the per-profile state file is user-owned (see Logout below).
+	// root and the per-profile state file is user-owned (see Profiles.List).
 	// Without this the profile has no email, so Profiles.List shows no account
 	// and later logins and session extends go out without a login_hint —
 	// leaving the IdP to guess which account was meant.

client/ui/services/profile.go

@@ -162,8 +162,9 @@ func (s *Profiles) Remove(ctx context.Context, p ProfileRef) error {
 	}
 
 	// The daemon deletes what it owns but runs as root, so it leaves the
-	// user-owned state file holding the account email behind (same split as
-	// Connection.Logout). Legacy profiles are keyed by name rather than by a
+	// user-owned state file holding the account email behind. Logout keeps the
+	// email on purpose so later logins can pass it as the login_hint; profile
+	// removal is what deletes it. Legacy profiles are keyed by name rather than by a
 	// generated ID, so a recreated profile of the same name would inherit the
 	// deleted one's email and offer it as the login_hint.
 	//

client/wasm/internal/ssh/client.go

@@ -80,12 +80,13 @@ func (c *Client) Connect(host string, port int, username, jwtToken string, ipVer
 		return fmt.Errorf("dial %s: %w", addr, err)
 	}
 
-	sshClient, err := nbssh.Handshake(ctx, conn, addr, config)
+	sshConn, chans, reqs, err := ssh.NewClientConn(conn, addr, config)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		closeWithLog(conn, "connection after handshake error")
+		return fmt.Errorf("SSH handshake: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	c.sshClient = sshClient
+	c.sshClient = ssh.NewClient(sshConn, chans, reqs)
 	logrus.Infof("SSH: Connected to %s", addr)
 
 	return nil
@@ -118,26 +119,57 @@ func (c *Client) getAuthMethods(jwtToken string) ([]ssh.AuthMethod, error) {
 	return []ssh.AuthMethod{ssh.PublicKeys(signer)}, nil
 }
 
-// StartSession starts an SSH session with PTY. It holds the client lock for
-// the whole startup so Close cannot tear the client down mid-setup and the
-// new session cannot be installed into an already closed client.
+// StartSession starts an SSH session with PTY
 func (c *Client) StartSession(cols, rows int) error {
-	c.mu.Lock()
-	defer c.mu.Unlock()
-
 	if c.sshClient == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("SSH client not connected")
 	}
 
-	pty, err := nbssh.StartPTYSession(c.sshClient, cols, rows)
+	session, err := c.sshClient.NewSession()
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("create session: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	c.session = pty.Session
-	c.stdin = pty.Stdin
-	c.stdout = pty.Stdout
-	c.stderr = pty.Stderr
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	c.session = session
+
+	modes := ssh.TerminalModes{
+		ssh.ECHO:          1,
+		ssh.TTY_OP_ISPEED: 14400,
+		ssh.TTY_OP_OSPEED: 14400,
+		ssh.VINTR:         3,
+		ssh.VQUIT:         28,
+		ssh.VERASE:        127,
+	}
+
+	if err := session.RequestPty("xterm-256color", rows, cols, modes); err != nil {
+		closeWithLog(session, "session after PTY error")
+		return fmt.Errorf("PTY request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	c.stdin, err = session.StdinPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		closeWithLog(session, "session after stdin error")
+		return fmt.Errorf("get stdin: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	c.stdout, err = session.StdoutPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		closeWithLog(session, "session after stdout error")
+		return fmt.Errorf("get stdout: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	c.stderr, err = session.StderrPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		closeWithLog(session, "session after stderr error")
+		return fmt.Errorf("get stderr: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := session.Shell(); err != nil {
+		closeWithLog(session, "session after shell error")
+		return fmt.Errorf("start shell: %w", err)
+	}
 
 	logrus.Info("SSH: Session started with PTY")
 	return nil

management/server/http/handlers/setup_keys/setupkeys_handler.go

@@ -64,6 +64,19 @@ func (h *handler) createSetupKey(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// A one-off key can be used once, and GenerateSetupKey pins its usage limit
+	// at 1 whatever the request says. Silently overriding a caller that asked
+	// for a different number leaves them holding a key that does not do what
+	// they configured, and no way to find out except by using it. Only values
+	// above 1 are refused: usage_limit is a required field with no null, so 0
+	// cannot be told apart from a caller that has nothing to say about it.
+	if types.SetupKeyType(req.Type) == types.SetupKeyOneOff && req.UsageLimit > 1 {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument,
+			"usage_limit %d is not valid for a one-off setup key, which can be used once; use type reusable for a key that can be used more than once",
+			req.UsageLimit), w)
+		return
+	}
+
 	expiresIn := time.Duration(req.ExpiresIn) * time.Second
 
 	if expiresIn < 0 {

management/server/http/handlers/setup_keys/setupkeys_handler_test.go

@@ -134,6 +134,40 @@ func TestSetupKeysHandlers(t *testing.T) {
 			expectedBody:     true,
 			expectedSetupKey: expectedNewKey,
 		},
+		{
+			// A one-off key is used once. Asking for more used to be accepted
+			// and then quietly reduced to 1.
+			name:        "Create One-Off Setup Key With Conflicting Usage Limit",
+			requestType: http.MethodPost,
+			requestPath: "/api/setup-keys",
+			requestBody: bytes.NewBuffer(
+				[]byte(fmt.Sprintf("{\"name\":\"%s\",\"type\":\"one-off\",\"expires_in\":86400,\"usage_limit\":5}", newSetupKeyName))),
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusUnprocessableEntity,
+			expectedBody:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			// 0 is what a caller sends when it has nothing to say about the
+			// usage limit, since the field is required and has no null, so it
+			// has to keep working.
+			name:        "Create One-Off Setup Key Without Usage Limit",
+			requestType: http.MethodPost,
+			requestPath: "/api/setup-keys",
+			requestBody: bytes.NewBuffer(
+				[]byte(fmt.Sprintf("{\"name\":\"%s\",\"type\":\"one-off\",\"expires_in\":86400,\"usage_limit\":0}", newSetupKeyName))),
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusOK,
+			expectedBody:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			// Only one-off keys are constrained; a reusable key means what it
+			// says.
+			name:        "Create Reusable Setup Key With Usage Limit",
+			requestType: http.MethodPost,
+			requestPath: "/api/setup-keys",
+			requestBody: bytes.NewBuffer(
+				[]byte(fmt.Sprintf("{\"name\":\"%s\",\"type\":\"reusable\",\"expires_in\":86400,\"usage_limit\":5}", newSetupKeyName))),
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusOK,
+			expectedBody:   false,
+		},
 		{
 			name:        "Update Setup Key",
 			requestType: http.MethodPut,

management/server/http/testing/integration/setupkeys_handler_integration_test.go

@@ -136,7 +136,10 @@ func Test_SetupKeys_Create(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 		{
-			name:        "Create Setup Key as on-off with more than one usage",
+			// The key used to be created anyway, with its usage limit quietly
+			// reduced to 1, so the caller was told a key they had not asked for
+			// was what they asked for.
+			name:        "Create Setup Key as one-off with more than one usage",
 			requestType: http.MethodPost,
 			requestPath: "/api/setup-keys",
 			requestBody: &api.CreateSetupKeyRequest{
@@ -146,23 +149,7 @@ func Test_SetupKeys_Create(t *testing.T) {
 				Type:       "one-off",
 				UsageLimit: 3,
 			},
-			expectedStatus: http.StatusOK,
-			expectedResponse: &api.SetupKey{
-				AutoGroups: []string{},
-				Ephemeral:  false,
-				Expires:    time.Time{},
-				Id:         "",
-				Key:        "",
-				LastUsed:   time.Time{},
-				Name:       testing_tools.NewKeyName,
-				Revoked:    false,
-				State:      "valid",
-				Type:       "one-off",
-				UpdatedAt:  time.Now(),
-				UsageLimit: 1,
-				UsedTimes:  0,
-				Valid:      true,
-			},
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusUnprocessableEntity,
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "Create Setup Key with expiration in the past",