Merge branch 'main' into add-ns-punnycode-support

This PR optimizes the process check time by updating the implementation of getRunningProcesses and introducing new benchmark tests.

Updated getRunningProcesses to use process.Pids() instead of process.Processes()
Added benchmark tests for both the new and the legacy implementations

Benchmark: https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/actions/runs/15512741612

todo: evaluate windows optmizations and caching risks

.git-branches.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# More info around this file at https://www.git-town.com/configuration-file
+
+[branches]
+main = "main"
+perennials = []
+perennial-regex = ""
+
+[create]
+new-branch-type = "feature"
+push-new-branches = false
+
+[hosting]
+dev-remote = "origin"
+# platform = ""
+# origin-hostname = ""
+
+[ship]
+delete-tracking-branch = false
+strategy = "squash-merge"
+
+[sync]
+feature-strategy = "merge"
+perennial-strategy = "rebase"
+prototype-strategy = "merge"
+push-hook = true
+tags = true
+upstream = false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug-issue-report.md

@@ -37,17 +37,22 @@ If yes, which one?
 
 **Debug output**
 
-To help us resolve the problem, please attach the following debug output
+To help us resolve the problem, please attach the following anonymized status output
 
   netbird status -dA
 
-As well as the file created by
+Create and upload a debug bundle, and share the returned file key:
+
+  netbird debug for 1m -AS -U
+
+*Uploaded files are automatically deleted after 30 days.*
+
+
+Alternatively, create the file only and attach it here manually:
 
   netbird debug for 1m -AS
 
 
-We advise reviewing the anonymized output for any remaining personal information.
-
 **Screenshots**
 
 If applicable, add screenshots to help explain your problem.
@@ -57,8 +62,10 @@ If applicable, add screenshots to help explain your problem.
 Add any other context about the problem here.
 
 **Have you tried these troubleshooting steps?**
+- [ ] Reviewed [client troubleshooting](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/troubleshooting-client) (if applicable)
 - [ ] Checked for newer NetBird versions
 - [ ] Searched for similar issues on GitHub (including closed ones)
 - [ ] Restarted the NetBird client
 - [ ] Disabled other VPN software
 - [ ] Checked firewall settings
+

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 ## Issue ticket number and link
 
+## Stack
+
+<!-- branch-stack -->
+
 ### Checklist
 - [ ] Is it a bug fix
 - [ ] Is a typo/documentation fix
@@ -9,3 +13,5 @@
 - [ ] It is a refactor
 - [ ] Created tests that fail without the change (if possible)
 - [ ] Extended the README / documentation, if necessary
+
+> By submitting this pull request, you confirm that you have read and agree to the terms of the [Contributor License Agreement](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/blob/main/CONTRIBUTOR_LICENSE_AGREEMENT.md).

.github/workflows/git-town.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+name: Git Town
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - '**'
+
+jobs:
+  git-town:
+    name: Display the branch stack
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: write
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: git-town/action@v1
+        with:
+          skip-single-stacks: true

.github/workflows/golang-test-freebsd.yml

@@ -22,14 +22,20 @@ jobs:
         with:
           usesh: true
           copyback: false
-          release: "14.1"
+          release: "14.2"
           prepare: |
-            pkg install -y go pkgconf xorg
+            pkg install -y curl pkgconf xorg
+            LATEST_VERSION=$(curl -s https://go.dev/VERSION?m=text|head -n 1)
+            GO_TARBALL="$LATEST_VERSION.freebsd-amd64.tar.gz"
+            GO_URL="https://go.dev/dl/$GO_TARBALL"
+            curl -vLO "$GO_URL"
+            tar -C /usr/local -vxzf "$GO_TARBALL"            
 
           # -x - to print all executed commands
           # -e - to faile on first error
           run: |
             set -e -x
+            export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin:$HOME/go/bin
             time go build -o netbird client/main.go
             # check all component except management, since we do not support management server on freebsd
             time go test -timeout 1m -failfast ./base62/...

.github/workflows/golang-test-linux.yml

@@ -146,6 +146,65 @@ jobs:
       - name: Test
         run: CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} CI=true go test -tags devcert -exec 'sudo' -timeout 10m -p 1 $(go list ./... | grep -v -e /management -e /signal -e /relay)
 
+  test_client_on_docker:
+    name: "Client (Docker) / Unit"
+    needs: [build-cache]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Install Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: "1.23.x"
+          cache: false
+
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Get Go environment
+        id: go-env
+        run: |
+          echo "cache_dir=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "modcache_dir=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Cache Go modules
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        id: cache-restore
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ${{ steps.go-env.outputs.cache_dir }}
+            ${{ steps.go-env.outputs.modcache_dir }}
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-gotest-cache-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-gotest-cache-
+
+      - name: Run tests in container
+        env:
+          HOST_GOCACHE: ${{ steps.go-env.outputs.cache_dir }}
+          HOST_GOMODCACHE: ${{ steps.go-env.outputs.modcache_dir }}
+        run: |
+          CONTAINER_GOCACHE="/root/.cache/go-build"
+          CONTAINER_GOMODCACHE="/go/pkg/mod"
+
+          docker run --rm \
+            --cap-add=NET_ADMIN \
+            --privileged \
+            -v $PWD:/app \
+            -w /app \
+            -v "${HOST_GOCACHE}:${CONTAINER_GOCACHE}" \
+            -v "${HOST_GOMODCACHE}:${CONTAINER_GOMODCACHE}" \
+            -e CGO_ENABLED=1 \
+            -e CI=true \
+            -e DOCKER_CI=true \
+            -e GOARCH=${GOARCH_TARGET} \
+            -e GOCACHE=${CONTAINER_GOCACHE} \
+            -e GOMODCACHE=${CONTAINER_GOMODCACHE} \
+            golang:1.23-alpine \
+            sh -c ' \
+              apk update; apk add --no-cache \
+                ca-certificates iptables ip6tables dbus dbus-dev libpcap-dev build-base; \
+              go test -buildvcs=false -tags devcert -v -timeout 10m -p 1 $(go list -buildvcs=false ./... | grep -v -e /management -e /signal -e /relay -e /client/ui -e /upload-server)
+            '
+
   test_relay:
     name: "Relay / Unit"
     needs: [build-cache]
@@ -164,6 +223,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y gcc-multilib g++-multilib libc6-dev-i386
+
       - name: Get Go environment
         run: |
           echo "cache=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
@@ -179,13 +242,6 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-gotest-cache-
 
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev gcc-multilib libpcap-dev
-
-      - name: Install 32-bit libpcap
-        if: matrix.arch == '386'
-        run: sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 && sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install -y libpcap0.8-dev:i386
-
       - name: Install modules
         run: go mod tidy
 
@@ -217,6 +273,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y gcc-multilib g++-multilib libc6-dev-i386
+
       - name: Get Go environment
         run: |
           echo "cache=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
@@ -232,13 +292,6 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-gotest-cache-
 
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev gcc-multilib libpcap-dev
-
-      - name: Install 32-bit libpcap
-        if: matrix.arch == '386'
-        run: sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 && sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install -y libpcap0.8-dev:i386
-
       - name: Install modules
         run: go mod tidy
 
@@ -286,13 +339,6 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-gotest-cache-
 
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev gcc-multilib libpcap-dev
-
-      - name: Install 32-bit libpcap
-        if: matrix.arch == '386'
-        run: sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 && sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install -y libpcap0.8-dev:i386
-
       - name: Install modules
         run: go mod tidy
 
@@ -314,6 +360,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |          
           CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} \
           NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} \
+            CI=true \
           go test -tags=devcert \
             -exec "sudo --preserve-env=CI,NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE" \
             -timeout 20m ./management/...
@@ -353,13 +400,6 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-gotest-cache-
 
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev gcc-multilib libpcap-dev
-
-      - name: Install 32-bit libpcap
-        if: matrix.arch == '386'
-        run: sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 && sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install -y libpcap0.8-dev:i386
-
       - name: Install modules
         run: go mod tidy
 
@@ -380,10 +420,11 @@ jobs:
       - name: Test
         run: |
           CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} \
-          NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} CI=true \
+          NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} \
+          CI=true \
           go test -tags devcert -run=^$ -bench=. \
           -exec 'sudo --preserve-env=CI,NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE' \
-          -timeout 20m ./...
+          -timeout 20m ./management/...
 
   api_benchmark:
     name: "Management / Benchmark (API)"
@@ -396,6 +437,33 @@ jobs:
         store: [ 'sqlite', 'postgres' ]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
+      - name: Create Docker network
+        run: docker network create promnet
+
+      - name: Start Prometheus Pushgateway
+        run: docker run -d --name pushgateway --network promnet -p 9091:9091 prom/pushgateway
+
+      - name: Start Prometheus (for Pushgateway forwarding)
+        run: |
+          echo '
+          global:
+            scrape_interval: 15s
+          scrape_configs:
+            - job_name: "pushgateway"
+              static_configs:
+                - targets: ["pushgateway:9091"]
+          remote_write:
+            - url: ${{ secrets.GRAFANA_URL }}
+              basic_auth:
+                username: ${{ secrets.GRAFANA_USER }}
+                password: ${{ secrets.GRAFANA_API_KEY }}
+          ' > prometheus.yml
+
+          docker run -d --name prometheus --network promnet \
+            -v $PWD/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
+            -p 9090:9090 \
+            prom/prometheus
+
       - name: Install Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
@@ -420,13 +488,6 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-gotest-cache-
 
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev gcc-multilib libpcap-dev
-
-      - name: Install 32-bit libpcap
-        if: matrix.arch == '386'
-        run: sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 && sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install -y libpcap0.8-dev:i386
-
       - name: Install modules
         run: go mod tidy
 
@@ -447,11 +508,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Test
         run: |
           CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} \
-          NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} CI=true \
+          NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} \
+          CI=true \
+          GIT_BRANCH=${{ github.ref_name }} \
           go test -tags=benchmark \
             -run=^$ \
             -bench=. \
-            -exec 'sudo --preserve-env=CI,NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE' \
+            -exec 'sudo --preserve-env=CI,NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE,GIT_BRANCH,GITHUB_RUN_ID' \
             -timeout 20m ./management/...
 
   api_integration_test:
@@ -489,13 +552,6 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-gotest-cache-
 
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev gcc-multilib libpcap-dev
-
-      - name: Install 32-bit libpcap
-        if: matrix.arch == '386'
-        run: sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 && sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install -y libpcap0.8-dev:i386
-
       - name: Install modules
         run: go mod tidy
 
@@ -505,89 +561,8 @@ jobs:
       - name: Test
         run: |
           CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} \
-          NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} CI=true \
+          NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} \
+          CI=true \
           go test -tags=integration \
           -exec 'sudo --preserve-env=CI,NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE' \
           -timeout 20m ./management/...
-
-  test_client_on_docker:
-    name: "Client (Docker) / Unit"
-    needs: [ build-cache ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-    steps:
-      - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version: "1.23.x"
-          cache: false
-
-      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Get Go environment
-        run: |
-          echo "cache=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV     
-
-      - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
-        with:
-          path: |
-            ${{ env.cache }}
-            ${{ env.modcache }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-gotest-cache-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-gotest-cache-
-
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev gcc-multilib libpcap-dev
-
-      - name: Install modules
-        run: go mod tidy
-
-      - name: check git status
-        run: git --no-pager diff --exit-code
-
-      - name: Generate Shared Sock Test bin
-        run: CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -c -o sharedsock-testing.bin ./sharedsock
-
-      - name: Generate RouteManager Test bin
-        run: CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -c -o routemanager-testing.bin  ./client/internal/routemanager
-
-      - name: Generate SystemOps Test bin
-        run: CGO_ENABLED=1 go test -c -o systemops-testing.bin -tags netgo -ldflags '-w -extldflags "-static -ldbus-1 -lpcap"' ./client/internal/routemanager/systemops
-
-      - name: Generate nftables Manager Test bin
-        run: CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -c -o nftablesmanager-testing.bin ./client/firewall/nftables/...
-
-      - name: Generate Engine Test bin
-        run: CGO_ENABLED=1 go test -c -o engine-testing.bin ./client/internal
-
-      - name: Generate Peer Test bin
-        run: CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -c -o peer-testing.bin ./client/internal/peer/
-
-      - run: chmod +x *testing.bin
-
-      - name: Run Shared Sock tests in docker
-        run: docker run -t --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --privileged --rm -v $PWD:/ci -w /ci/sharedsock --entrypoint /busybox/sh gcr.io/distroless/base:debug -c /ci/sharedsock-testing.bin -test.timeout 5m -test.parallel 1
-
-      - name: Run Iface tests in docker
-        run: docker run -t --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --privileged --rm -v $PWD:/netbird -v /tmp/cache:/tmp/cache -v /tmp/modcache:/tmp/modcache -w /netbird -e GOCACHE=/tmp/cache -e GOMODCACHE=/tmp/modcache -e CGO_ENABLED=0 golang:1.23-alpine go test  -test.timeout 5m -test.parallel 1 ./client/iface/...
-
-      - name: Run RouteManager tests in docker
-        run: docker run -t --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --privileged --rm -v $PWD:/ci -w /ci/client/internal/routemanager --entrypoint /busybox/sh gcr.io/distroless/base:debug -c /ci/routemanager-testing.bin  -test.timeout 5m -test.parallel 1
-
-      - name: Run SystemOps tests in docker
-        run: docker run -t --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --privileged --rm -v $PWD:/ci -w /ci/client/internal/routemanager/systemops --entrypoint /busybox/sh gcr.io/distroless/base:debug -c /ci/systemops-testing.bin  -test.timeout 5m -test.parallel 1
-
-      - name: Run nftables Manager tests in docker
-        run: docker run -t --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --privileged --rm -v $PWD:/ci -w /ci/client/firewall --entrypoint /busybox/sh gcr.io/distroless/base:debug -c /ci/nftablesmanager-testing.bin  -test.timeout 5m -test.parallel 1
-
-      - name: Run Engine tests in docker with file store
-        run: docker run -t --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --privileged --rm -v $PWD:/ci -w /ci/client/internal -e NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE="jsonfile" --entrypoint /busybox/sh gcr.io/distroless/base:debug -c /ci/engine-testing.bin  -test.timeout 5m -test.parallel 1
-
-      - name: Run Engine tests in docker with sqlite store
-        run: docker run -t --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --privileged --rm -v $PWD:/ci -w /ci/client/internal -e NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE="sqlite" --entrypoint /busybox/sh gcr.io/distroless/base:debug -c /ci/engine-testing.bin  -test.timeout 5m -test.parallel 1
-
-      - name: Run Peer tests in docker
-        run: docker run -t --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --privileged --rm -v $PWD:/ci -w /ci/client/internal/peer  --entrypoint /busybox/sh gcr.io/distroless/base:debug -c /ci/peer-testing.bin  -test.timeout 5m -test.parallel 1

.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ jobs:
         with:
           ignore_words_list: erro,clienta,hastable,iif,groupd,testin,groupe
           skip: go.mod,go.sum
-          only_warn: 1
   golangci:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false

.github/workflows/test-infrastructure-files.yml

@@ -172,12 +172,14 @@ jobs:
           grep "NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_MYSQL_DSN=$NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_MYSQL_DSN" docker-compose.yml
           grep NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN docker-compose.yml | egrep "$NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN"
           # check relay values
-          grep "NB_EXPOSED_ADDRESS=$CI_NETBIRD_DOMAIN:33445" docker-compose.yml
+          grep "NB_EXPOSED_ADDRESS=rels://$CI_NETBIRD_DOMAIN:33445" docker-compose.yml
           grep "NB_LISTEN_ADDRESS=:33445" docker-compose.yml
           grep '33445:33445' docker-compose.yml
           grep -A 10 'relay:' docker-compose.yml | egrep 'NB_AUTH_SECRET=.+$'
-          grep -A 7 Relay management.json | grep "rel://$CI_NETBIRD_DOMAIN:33445"
+          grep -A 7 Relay management.json | grep "rels://$CI_NETBIRD_DOMAIN:33445"
           grep -A 7 Relay management.json | egrep '"Secret": ".+"'
+          grep DisablePromptLogin management.json | grep 'true'
+          grep LoginFlag management.json | grep 0
 
       - name: Install modules
         run: go mod tidy

.goreleaser.yaml

@@ -96,6 +96,20 @@ builds:
       - -s -w -X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.CommitDate}} -X main.builtBy=goreleaser
     mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
 
+  - id: netbird-upload
+    dir: upload-server
+    env: [CGO_ENABLED=0]
+    binary: netbird-upload
+    goos:
+      - linux
+    goarch:
+      - amd64
+      - arm64
+      - arm
+    ldflags:
+      - -s -w -X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.CommitDate}} -X main.builtBy=goreleaser
+    mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
+
 universal_binaries:
   - id: netbird
 
@@ -409,6 +423,52 @@ dockers:
       - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
       - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
       - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
+  - image_templates:
+      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-amd64
+    ids:
+      - netbird-upload
+    goarch: amd64
+    use: buildx
+    dockerfile: upload-server/Dockerfile
+    build_flag_templates:
+      - "--platform=linux/amd64"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
+      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
+  - image_templates:
+      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
+    ids:
+      - netbird-upload
+    goarch: arm64
+    use: buildx
+    dockerfile: upload-server/Dockerfile
+    build_flag_templates:
+      - "--platform=linux/arm64"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
+      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
+  - image_templates:
+      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm
+    ids:
+      - netbird-upload
+    goarch: arm
+    goarm: 6
+    use: buildx
+    dockerfile: upload-server/Dockerfile
+    build_flag_templates:
+      - "--platform=linux/arm"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
+      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
 docker_manifests:
   - name_template: netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}
     image_templates:
@@ -475,7 +535,17 @@ docker_manifests:
       - netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-debug-arm64v8
       - netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-debug-arm
       - netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-debug-amd64
+  - name_template: netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}
+    image_templates:
+      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
+      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm
+      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-amd64
 
+  - name_template: netbirdio/upload:latest
+    image_templates:
+      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
+      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm
+      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-amd64
 brews:
   - ids:
       - default

README.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
        <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-BSD--3-blue" />
      </a> 
     <br>
-    <a href="https://join.slack.com/t/netbirdio/shared_invite/zt-31rofwmxc-27akKd0Le0vyRpBcwXkP0g">
+    <a href="https://docs.netbird.io/slack-url">
         <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/slack-@netbird-red.svg?logo=slack"/>
      </a>  
      <br>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <br/>
   See <a href="https://netbird.io/docs/">Documentation</a>
   <br/>
-   Join our <a href="https://join.slack.com/t/netbirdio/shared_invite/zt-31rofwmxc-27akKd0Le0vyRpBcwXkP0g">Slack channel</a>
+   Join our <a href="https://docs.netbird.io/slack-url">Slack channel</a>
   <br/>
  
 </strong>
@@ -58,15 +58,15 @@
 ### Key features
 
 | Connectivity | Management | Security | Automation| Platforms |
-|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+|----|----|----|----|----|
 | <ul><li>- \[x] Kernel WireGuard</ul></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Admin Web UI](https://github.com/netbirdio/dashboard)</ul></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [SSO & MFA support](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/installation#running-net-bird-with-sso-login)</ul></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Public API](https://docs.netbird.io/api)</ul></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Linux</ul></li> |
-| <ul><li> - \[x] Peer-to-peer connections </ul></li>                                                                          | <ul><li> - \[x] Auto peer discovery and configuration </ul></li>                                         | <ul><li> - \[x] [Access control - groups & rules](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-network-access) </ul></li>                    | <ul><li> - \[x] [Setup keys for bulk network provisioning](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/register-machines-using-setup-keys) </ul></li> | <ul><li> - \[x] Mac </ul></li>                                                          |
+| <ul><li>- \[x] Peer-to-peer connections</ul></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Auto peer discovery and configuration</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Access control - groups & rules](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-network-access)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Setup keys for bulk network provisioning](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/register-machines-using-setup-keys)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Mac</ui></li> |
-| <ul><li> - \[x] Connection relay fallback </ul></li>                                                                         | <ul><li> - \[x] [IdP integrations](https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/identity-providers) </ul></li>     | <ul><li> - \[x] [Activity logging](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/monitor-system-and-network-activity) </ul></li>                     | <ul><li> - \[x] [Self-hosting quickstart script](https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-quickstart) </ul></li>                    | <ul><li> - \[x] Windows </ul></li>                                                      |
+| <ul><li>- \[x] Connection relay fallback</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [IdP integrations](https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/identity-providers)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Activity logging](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/audit-events-logging)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Self-hosting quickstart script](https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-quickstart)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Windows</ui></li> |
-| <ul><li> - \[x] [Routes to external networks](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/routing-traffic-to-private-networks) </ul></li> | <ul><li> - \[x] [Private DNS](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-dns-in-your-network) </ul></li>      | <ul><li> - \[x] [Device posture checks](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-posture-checks) </ul></li>                              | <ul><li> - \[x] IdP groups sync with JWT </ul></li>                                                                                      | <ul><li> - \[x] Android </ul></li>                                                      |
+| <ul><li>- \[x] [Routes to external networks](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/routing-traffic-to-private-networks)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Private DNS](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-dns-in-your-network)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Device posture checks](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-posture-checks)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] IdP groups sync with JWT</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Android</ui></li> |
-| <ul><li> - \[x] NAT traversal with BPF </ul></li>                                                                            | <ul><li> - \[x] [Multiuser support](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/add-users-to-your-network) </ul></li> | <ul><li> -  \[x] Peer-to-peer encryption </ul></li>                                                                                   |                                                                                                                                          | <ul><li> - \[x] iOS </ul></li>                                                          |
+| <ul><li>- \[x] NAT traversal with BPF</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Multiuser support](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/add-users-to-your-network)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Peer-to-peer encryption</ui></li> || <ul><li>- \[x] iOS</ui></li> |
-|                                                                                                                              |                                                                                                          | <ul><li> - \[x] [Quantum-resistance with Rosenpass](https://netbird.io/knowledge-hub/the-first-quantum-resistant-mesh-vpn) </ul></li> |                                                                                                                                          | <ul><li> - \[x] OpenWRT </ul></li>                                                      |
+||| <ul><li>- \[x] [Quantum-resistance with Rosenpass](https://netbird.io/knowledge-hub/the-first-quantum-resistant-mesh-vpn)</ui></li> || <ul><li>- \[x] OpenWRT</ui></li> |
-|                                                                                                                              |                                                                                                          | <ui><li> - \[x] [Periodic re-authentication](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/enforce-periodic-user-authentication)</ul></li>           |                                                                                                                                          | <ul><li> - \[x] [Serverless](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/netbird-on-faas) </ul></li> |
+||| <ul><li>- \[x] [Periodic re-authentication](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/enforce-periodic-user-authentication)</ui></li> || <ul><li>- \[x] [Serverless](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/netbird-on-faas)</ui></li> |
-|                                                                                                                              |                                                                                                          |                                                                                                                                       |                                                                                                                                          | <ul><li> - \[x] Docker </ul></li>                                                       |
+||||| <ul><li>- \[x] Docker</ui></li> |
 
 ### Quickstart with NetBird Cloud
 

client/Dockerfile

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 FROM alpine:3.21.3
-RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates iptables ip6tables
+# iproute2: busybox doesn't display ip rules properly
+RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates ip6tables iproute2 iptables
 ENV NB_FOREGROUND_MODE=true
 ENTRYPOINT [ "/usr/local/bin/netbird","up"]
 COPY netbird /usr/local/bin/netbird

client/anonymize/anonymize.go

@@ -69,6 +69,22 @@ func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeIP(ip netip.Addr) netip.Addr {
 	return a.ipAnonymizer[ip]
 }
 
+func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeUDPAddr(addr net.UDPAddr) net.UDPAddr {
+	// Convert IP to netip.Addr
+	ip, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(addr.IP)
+	if !ok {
+		return addr
+	}
+
+	anonIP := a.AnonymizeIP(ip)
+
+	return net.UDPAddr{
+		IP:   anonIP.AsSlice(),
+		Port: addr.Port,
+		Zone: addr.Zone,
+	}
+}
+
 // isInAnonymizedRange checks if an IP is within the range of already assigned anonymized IPs
 func (a *Anonymizer) isInAnonymizedRange(ip netip.Addr) bool {
 	if ip.Is4() && ip.Compare(a.startAnonIPv4) >= 0 && ip.Compare(a.currentAnonIPv4) <= 0 {

client/cmd/debug.go

@@ -11,9 +11,12 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/debug"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/server"
 	nbstatus "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/status"
+	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/proto"
 )
 
 const errCloseConnection = "Failed to close connection: %v"
@@ -84,16 +87,27 @@ func debugBundle(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
 	}()
 
 	client := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
-	resp, err := client.DebugBundle(cmd.Context(), &proto.DebugBundleRequest{
+	request := &proto.DebugBundleRequest{
 		Anonymize:  anonymizeFlag,
 		Status:     getStatusOutput(cmd, anonymizeFlag),
 		SystemInfo: debugSystemInfoFlag,
-	})
+	}
+	if debugUploadBundle {
+		request.UploadURL = debugUploadBundleURL
+	}
+	resp, err := client.DebugBundle(cmd.Context(), request)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to bundle debug: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
 	}
+	cmd.Printf("Local file:\n%s\n", resp.GetPath())
 
-	cmd.Println(resp.GetPath())
+	if resp.GetUploadFailureReason() != "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("upload failed: %s", resp.GetUploadFailureReason())
+	}
+
+	if debugUploadBundle {
+		cmd.Printf("Upload file key:\n%s\n", resp.GetUploadedKey())
+	}
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -208,23 +222,19 @@ func runForDuration(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 
 	headerPreDown := fmt.Sprintf("----- Netbird pre-down - Timestamp: %s - Duration: %s", time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339), duration)
 	statusOutput = fmt.Sprintf("%s\n%s\n%s", statusOutput, headerPreDown, getStatusOutput(cmd, anonymizeFlag))
-
+	request := &proto.DebugBundleRequest{
-	resp, err := client.DebugBundle(cmd.Context(), &proto.DebugBundleRequest{
 		Anonymize:  anonymizeFlag,
 		Status:     statusOutput,
 		SystemInfo: debugSystemInfoFlag,
-	})
+	}
+	if debugUploadBundle {
+		request.UploadURL = debugUploadBundleURL
+	}
+	resp, err := client.DebugBundle(cmd.Context(), request)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to bundle debug: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
 	}
 
-	// Disable network map persistence after creating the debug bundle
-	if _, err := client.SetNetworkMapPersistence(cmd.Context(), &proto.SetNetworkMapPersistenceRequest{
-		Enabled: false,
-	}); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to disable network map persistence: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
-	}
-
 	if stateWasDown {
 		if _, err := client.Down(cmd.Context(), &proto.DownRequest{}); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to down: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
@@ -239,7 +249,15 @@ func runForDuration(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		cmd.Println("Log level restored to", initialLogLevel.GetLevel())
 	}
 
-	cmd.Println(resp.GetPath())
+	cmd.Printf("Local file:\n%s\n", resp.GetPath())
+
+	if resp.GetUploadFailureReason() != "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("upload failed: %s", resp.GetUploadFailureReason())
+	}
+
+	if debugUploadBundle {
+		cmd.Printf("Upload file key:\n%s\n", resp.GetUploadedKey())
+	}
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -326,3 +344,34 @@ func formatDuration(d time.Duration) string {
 	s := d / time.Second
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%02d:%02d:%02d", h, m, s)
 }
+
+func generateDebugBundle(config *internal.Config, recorder *peer.Status, connectClient *internal.ConnectClient, logFilePath string) {
+	var networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap
+	var err error
+
+	if connectClient != nil {
+		networkMap, err = connectClient.GetLatestNetworkMap()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("Failed to get latest network map: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	bundleGenerator := debug.NewBundleGenerator(
+		debug.GeneratorDependencies{
+			InternalConfig: config,
+			StatusRecorder: recorder,
+			NetworkMap:     networkMap,
+			LogFile:        logFilePath,
+		},
+		debug.BundleConfig{
+			IncludeSystemInfo: true,
+		},
+	)
+
+	path, err := bundleGenerator.Generate()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("Failed to generate debug bundle: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	log.Infof("Generated debug bundle from SIGUSR1 at: %s", path)
+}

client/cmd/debug_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//go:build unix
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+	"syscall"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+)
+
+func SetupDebugHandler(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	config *internal.Config,
+	recorder *peer.Status,
+	connectClient *internal.ConnectClient,
+	logFilePath string,
+) {
+	usr1Ch := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+
+	signal.Notify(usr1Ch, syscall.SIGUSR1)
+
+	go func() {
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			case <-usr1Ch:
+				log.Info("Received SIGUSR1. Triggering debug bundle generation.")
+				go generateDebugBundle(config, recorder, connectClient, logFilePath)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+}

client/cmd/debug_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+)
+
+const (
+	envListenEvent        = "NB_LISTEN_DEBUG_EVENT"
+	debugTriggerEventName = `Global\NetbirdDebugTriggerEvent`
+
+	waitTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+)
+
+// SetupDebugHandler sets up a Windows event to listen for a signal to generate a debug bundle.
+// Example usage with PowerShell:
+// $evt = [System.Threading.EventWaitHandle]::OpenExisting("Global\NetbirdDebugTriggerEvent")
+// $evt.Set()
+// $evt.Close()
+func SetupDebugHandler(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	config *internal.Config,
+	recorder *peer.Status,
+	connectClient *internal.ConnectClient,
+	logFilePath string,
+) {
+	env := os.Getenv(envListenEvent)
+	if env == "" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	listenEvent, err := strconv.ParseBool(env)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("Failed to parse %s: %v", envListenEvent, err)
+		return
+	}
+	if !listenEvent {
+		return
+	}
+
+	eventNamePtr, err := windows.UTF16PtrFromString(debugTriggerEventName)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("Failed to convert event name '%s' to UTF16: %v", debugTriggerEventName, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// TODO: restrict access by ACL
+	eventHandle, err := windows.CreateEvent(nil, 1, 0, eventNamePtr)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, windows.ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
+			log.Warnf("Debug trigger event '%s' already exists. Attempting to open.", debugTriggerEventName)
+			// SYNCHRONIZE is needed for WaitForSingleObject, EVENT_MODIFY_STATE for ResetEvent.
+			eventHandle, err = windows.OpenEvent(windows.SYNCHRONIZE|windows.EVENT_MODIFY_STATE, false, eventNamePtr)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("Failed to open existing debug trigger event '%s': %v", debugTriggerEventName, err)
+				return
+			}
+			log.Infof("Successfully opened existing debug trigger event '%s'.", debugTriggerEventName)
+		} else {
+			log.Errorf("Failed to create debug trigger event '%s': %v", debugTriggerEventName, err)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	if eventHandle == windows.InvalidHandle {
+		log.Errorf("Obtained an invalid handle for debug trigger event '%s'", debugTriggerEventName)
+		return
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("Debug handler waiting for signal on event: %s", debugTriggerEventName)
+
+	go waitForEvent(ctx, config, recorder, connectClient, logFilePath, eventHandle)
+}
+
+func waitForEvent(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	config *internal.Config,
+	recorder *peer.Status,
+	connectClient *internal.ConnectClient,
+	logFilePath string,
+	eventHandle windows.Handle,
+) {
+	defer func() {
+		if err := windows.CloseHandle(eventHandle); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("Failed to close debug event handle '%s': %v", debugTriggerEventName, err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	for {
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return
+		}
+
+		status, err := windows.WaitForSingleObject(eventHandle, uint32(waitTimeout.Milliseconds()))
+
+		switch status {
+		case windows.WAIT_OBJECT_0:
+			log.Info("Received signal on debug event. Triggering debug bundle generation.")
+
+			// reset the event so it can be triggered again later (manual reset == 1)
+			if err := windows.ResetEvent(eventHandle); err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("Failed to reset debug event '%s': %v", debugTriggerEventName, err)
+			}
+
+			go generateDebugBundle(config, recorder, connectClient, logFilePath)
+		case uint32(windows.WAIT_TIMEOUT):
+
+		default:
+			log.Errorf("Unexpected status %d from WaitForSingleObject for debug event '%s': %v", status, debugTriggerEventName, err)
+			select {
+			case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

client/cmd/login.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -19,6 +20,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 )
 
+func init() {
+	loginCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&noBrowser, noBrowserFlag, false, noBrowserDesc)
+}
+
 var loginCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "login",
 	Short: "login to the Netbird Management Service (first run)",
@@ -51,6 +56,9 @@ var loginCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				return err
 			}
 
+			// update host's static platform and system information
+			system.UpdateStaticInfo()
+
 			ic := internal.ConfigInput{
 				ManagementURL: managementURL,
 				AdminURL:      adminURL,
@@ -93,7 +101,7 @@ var loginCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		loginRequest := proto.LoginRequest{
 			SetupKey:            providedSetupKey,
 			ManagementUrl:       managementURL,
-			IsLinuxDesktopClient: isLinuxRunningDesktop(),
+			IsUnixDesktopClient: isUnixRunningDesktop(),
 			Hostname:            hostName,
 			DnsLabels:           dnsLabelsReq,
 		}
@@ -127,7 +135,7 @@ var loginCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		}
 
 		if loginResp.NeedsSSOLogin {
-			openURL(cmd, loginResp.VerificationURIComplete, loginResp.UserCode)
+			openURL(cmd, loginResp.VerificationURIComplete, loginResp.UserCode, noBrowser)
 
 			_, err = client.WaitSSOLogin(ctx, &proto.WaitSSOLoginRequest{UserCode: loginResp.UserCode, Hostname: hostName})
 			if err != nil {
@@ -188,7 +196,7 @@ func foregroundLogin(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, config *internal.C
 }
 
 func foregroundGetTokenInfo(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, config *internal.Config) (*auth.TokenInfo, error) {
-	oAuthFlow, err := auth.NewOAuthFlow(ctx, config, isLinuxRunningDesktop())
+	oAuthFlow, err := auth.NewOAuthFlow(ctx, config, isUnixRunningDesktop())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -198,7 +206,7 @@ func foregroundGetTokenInfo(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, config *int
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("getting a request OAuth flow info failed: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	openURL(cmd, flowInfo.VerificationURIComplete, flowInfo.UserCode)
+	openURL(cmd, flowInfo.VerificationURIComplete, flowInfo.UserCode, noBrowser)
 
 	waitTimeout := time.Duration(flowInfo.ExpiresIn) * time.Second
 	waitCTX, c := context.WithTimeout(context.TODO(), waitTimeout)
@@ -212,23 +220,34 @@ func foregroundGetTokenInfo(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, config *int
 	return &tokenInfo, nil
 }
 
-func openURL(cmd *cobra.Command, verificationURIComplete, userCode string) {
+func openURL(cmd *cobra.Command, verificationURIComplete, userCode string, noBrowser bool) {
 	var codeMsg string
 	if userCode != "" && !strings.Contains(verificationURIComplete, userCode) {
 		codeMsg = fmt.Sprintf("and enter the code %s to authenticate.", userCode)
 	}
 
+	if noBrowser {
+		cmd.Println("Use this URL to log in:\n\n" + verificationURIComplete + " " + codeMsg)
+	} else {
 		cmd.Println("Please do the SSO login in your browser. \n" +
 			"If your browser didn't open automatically, use this URL to log in:\n\n" +
 			verificationURIComplete + " " + codeMsg)
+	}
+
 	cmd.Println("")
+
+	if !noBrowser {
 		if err := open.Run(verificationURIComplete); err != nil {
 			cmd.Println("\nAlternatively, you may want to use a setup key, see:\n\n" +
 				"https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/register-machines-using-setup-keys")
 		}
 	}
+}
 
-// isLinuxRunningDesktop checks if a Linux OS is running desktop environment
+// isUnixRunningDesktop checks if a Linux OS is running desktop environment
-func isLinuxRunningDesktop() bool {
+func isUnixRunningDesktop() bool {
+	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" && runtime.GOOS != "freebsd" {
+		return false
+	}
 	return os.Getenv("DESKTOP_SESSION") != "" || os.Getenv("XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP") != ""
 }

client/cmd/root.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/upload-server/types"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -38,7 +39,9 @@ const (
 	extraIFaceBlackListFlag  = "extra-iface-blacklist"
 	dnsRouteIntervalFlag     = "dns-router-interval"
 	systemInfoFlag           = "system-info"
-	blockLANAccessFlag      = "block-lan-access"
+	enableLazyConnectionFlag = "enable-lazy-connection"
+	uploadBundle             = "upload-bundle"
+	uploadBundleURL          = "upload-bundle-url"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -74,7 +77,9 @@ var (
 	anonymizeFlag           bool
 	debugSystemInfoFlag     bool
 	dnsRouteInterval        time.Duration
-	blockLANAccess          bool
+	debugUploadBundle       bool
+	debugUploadBundleURL    string
+	lazyConnEnabled         bool
 
 	rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		Use:          "netbird",
@@ -179,8 +184,11 @@ func init() {
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&rosenpassPermissive, rosenpassPermissiveFlag, false, "[Experimental] Enable Rosenpass in permissive mode to allow this peer to accept WireGuard connections without requiring Rosenpass functionality from peers that do not have Rosenpass enabled.")
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&serverSSHAllowed, serverSSHAllowedFlag, false, "Allow SSH server on peer. If enabled, the SSH server will be permitted")
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&autoConnectDisabled, disableAutoConnectFlag, false, "Disables auto-connect feature. If enabled, then the client won't connect automatically when the service starts.")
+	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&lazyConnEnabled, enableLazyConnectionFlag, false, "[Experimental] Enable the lazy connection feature. If enabled, the client will establish connections on-demand.")
 
 	debugCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&debugSystemInfoFlag, systemInfoFlag, "S", true, "Adds system information to the debug bundle")
+	debugCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&debugUploadBundle, uploadBundle, "U", false, fmt.Sprintf("Uploads the debug bundle to a server from URL defined by %s", uploadBundleURL))
+	debugCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&debugUploadBundleURL, uploadBundleURL, types.DefaultBundleURL, "Service URL to get an URL to upload the debug bundle")
 }
 
 // SetupCloseHandler handles SIGTERM signal and exits with success

client/cmd/service.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package cmd
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"runtime"
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/kardianos/service"
@@ -27,12 +28,19 @@ func newProgram(ctx context.Context, cancel context.CancelFunc) *program {
 }
 
 func newSVCConfig() *service.Config {
-	return &service.Config{
+	config := &service.Config{
 		Name:        serviceName,
 		DisplayName: "Netbird",
-		Description: "A WireGuard-based mesh network that connects your devices into a single private network.",
+		Description: "Netbird mesh network client",
 		Option:      make(service.KeyValue),
+		EnvVars:     make(map[string]string),
 	}
+
+	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
+		config.EnvVars["SYSTEMD_UNIT"] = serviceName
+	}
+
+	return config
 }
 
 func newSVC(prg *program, conf *service.Config) (service.Service, error) {

client/cmd/service_controller.go

@@ -16,12 +16,17 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/server"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 )
 
 func (p *program) Start(svc service.Service) error {
 	// Start should not block. Do the actual work async.
 	log.Info("starting Netbird service") //nolint
+
+	// Collect static system and platform information
+	system.UpdateStaticInfo()
+
 	// in any case, even if configuration does not exists we run daemon to serve CLI gRPC API.
 	p.serv = grpc.NewServer()
 
@@ -115,6 +120,7 @@ var runCmd = &cobra.Command{
 
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(cmd.Context())
 		SetupCloseHandler(ctx, cancel)
+		SetupDebugHandler(ctx, nil, nil, nil, logFile)
 
 		s, err := newSVC(newProgram(ctx, cancel), newSVCConfig())
 		if err != nil {

client/cmd/service_installer.go

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ var installCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			svcConfig.Arguments = append(svcConfig.Arguments, "--management-url", managementURL)
 		}
 
-		if logFile != "console" {
+		if logFile != "" {
 			svcConfig.Arguments = append(svcConfig.Arguments, "--log-file", logFile)
 		}
 

client/cmd/status.go

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ func init() {
 	statusCmd.MarkFlagsMutuallyExclusive("detail", "json", "yaml", "ipv4")
 	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().StringSliceVar(&ipsFilter, "filter-by-ips", []string{}, "filters the detailed output by a list of one or more IPs, e.g., --filter-by-ips 100.64.0.100,100.64.0.200")
 	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().StringSliceVar(&prefixNamesFilter, "filter-by-names", []string{}, "filters the detailed output by a list of one or more peer FQDN or hostnames, e.g., --filter-by-names peer-a,peer-b.netbird.cloud")
-	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&statusFilter, "filter-by-status", "", "filters the detailed output by connection status(connected|disconnected), e.g., --filter-by-status connected")
+	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&statusFilter, "filter-by-status", "", "filters the detailed output by connection status(idle|connecting|connected), e.g., --filter-by-status connected")
 }
 
 func statusFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
@@ -127,12 +127,12 @@ func getStatus(ctx context.Context) (*proto.StatusResponse, error) {
 
 func parseFilters() error {
 	switch strings.ToLower(statusFilter) {
-	case "", "disconnected", "connected":
+	case "", "idle", "connecting", "connected":
 		if strings.ToLower(statusFilter) != "" {
 			enableDetailFlagWhenFilterFlag()
 		}
 	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("wrong status filter, should be one of connected|disconnected, got: %s", statusFilter)
+		return fmt.Errorf("wrong status filter, should be one of connected|connecting|idle, got: %s", statusFilter)
 	}
 
 	if len(ipsFilter) > 0 {

client/cmd/system.go

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ const (
 	disableServerRoutesFlag = "disable-server-routes"
 	disableDNSFlag          = "disable-dns"
 	disableFirewallFlag     = "disable-firewall"
+	blockLANAccessFlag      = "block-lan-access"
+	blockInboundFlag        = "block-inbound"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -13,6 +15,8 @@ var (
 	disableServerRoutes bool
 	disableDNS          bool
 	disableFirewall     bool
+	blockLANAccess      bool
+	blockInbound        bool
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -28,4 +32,11 @@ func init() {
 
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&disableFirewall, disableFirewallFlag, false,
 		"Disable firewall configuration. If enabled, the client won't modify firewall rules.")
+
+	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&blockLANAccess, blockLANAccessFlag, false,
+		"Block access to local networks (LAN) when using this peer as a router or exit node")
+
+	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&blockInbound, blockInboundFlag, false,
+		"Block inbound connections. If enabled, the client will not allow any inbound connections to the local machine nor routed networks.\n"+
+		"This overrides any policies received from the management service.")
 }

client/cmd/testutil_test.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/port_forwarding"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/permissions"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
@@ -91,13 +92,18 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T, config *types.Config, testFile string) (*grpc
 
 	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(context.Background())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-
 	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
 	t.Cleanup(ctrl.Finish)
 
 	settingsMockManager := settings.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	permissionsManagerMock := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
 
-	accountManager, err := mgmt.BuildManager(context.Background(), store, peersUpdateManager, nil, "", "netbird.selfhosted", eventStore, nil, false, iv, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager)
+	settingsMockManager.EXPECT().
+		GetSettings(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
+		Return(&types.Settings{}, nil).
+		AnyTimes()
+
+	accountManager, err := mgmt.BuildManager(context.Background(), store, peersUpdateManager, nil, "", "netbird.selfhosted", eventStore, nil, false, iv, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManagerMock)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}

client/cmd/trace.go

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ var traceCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Example: `
   netbird debug trace in 192.168.1.10 10.10.0.2 -p tcp --sport 12345 --dport 443 --syn --ack
   netbird debug trace out 10.10.0.1 8.8.8.8 -p udp  --dport 53
-  netbird debug trace in 10.10.0.2 10.10.0.1 -p icmp --type 8 --code 0
+  netbird debug trace in 10.10.0.2 10.10.0.1 -p icmp --icmp-type 8 --icmp-code 0
   netbird debug trace in 100.64.1.1 self -p tcp --dport 80`,
 	Args: cobra.ExactArgs(3),
 	RunE: tracePacket,

client/cmd/up.go

@@ -32,12 +32,16 @@ const (
 
 const (
 	dnsLabelsFlag = "extra-dns-labels"
+
+	noBrowserFlag = "no-browser"
+	noBrowserDesc = "do not open the browser for SSO login"
 )
 
 var (
 	foregroundMode     bool
 	dnsLabels          []string
 	dnsLabelsValidated domain.List
+	noBrowser          bool
 
 	upCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "up",
@@ -51,12 +55,11 @@ func init() {
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&interfaceName, interfaceNameFlag, iface.WgInterfaceDefault, "Wireguard interface name")
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().Uint16Var(&wireguardPort, wireguardPortFlag, iface.DefaultWgPort, "Wireguard interface listening port")
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&networkMonitor, networkMonitorFlag, "N", networkMonitor,
-		`Manage network monitoring. Defaults to true on Windows and macOS, false on Linux. `+
+		`Manage network monitoring. Defaults to true on Windows and macOS, false on Linux and FreeBSD. `+
 			`E.g. --network-monitor=false to disable or --network-monitor=true to enable.`,
 	)
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().StringSliceVar(&extraIFaceBlackList, extraIFaceBlackListFlag, nil, "Extra list of default interfaces to ignore for listening")
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().DurationVar(&dnsRouteInterval, dnsRouteIntervalFlag, time.Minute, "DNS route update interval")
-	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&blockLANAccess, blockLANAccessFlag, false, "Block access to local networks (LAN) when using this peer as a router or exit node")
 
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().StringSliceVar(&dnsLabels, dnsLabelsFlag, nil,
 		`Sets DNS labels`+
@@ -65,6 +68,9 @@ func init() {
 			`E.g. --extra-dns-labels vpc1 or --extra-dns-labels vpc1,mgmt1 `+
 			`or --extra-dns-labels ""`,
 	)
+
+	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&noBrowser, noBrowserFlag, false, noBrowserDesc)
+
 }
 
 func upFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
@@ -112,6 +118,124 @@ func runInForegroundMode(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	ic, err := setupConfig(customDNSAddressConverted, cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("setup config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	providedSetupKey, err := getSetupKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	config, err := internal.UpdateOrCreateConfig(*ic)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get config file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	config, _ = internal.UpdateOldManagementURL(ctx, config, configPath)
+
+	err = foregroundLogin(ctx, cmd, config, providedSetupKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("foreground login failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var cancel context.CancelFunc
+	ctx, cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	SetupCloseHandler(ctx, cancel)
+
+	r := peer.NewRecorder(config.ManagementURL.String())
+	r.GetFullStatus()
+
+	connectClient := internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, config, r)
+	SetupDebugHandler(ctx, config, r, connectClient, "")
+
+	return connectClient.Run(nil)
+}
+
+func runInDaemonMode(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command) error {
+	customDNSAddressConverted, err := parseCustomDNSAddress(cmd.Flag(dnsResolverAddress).Changed)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	conn, err := DialClientGRPCServer(ctx, daemonAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to daemon error: %v\n"+
+			"If the daemon is not running please run: "+
+			"\nnetbird service install \nnetbird service start\n", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		err := conn.Close()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed closing daemon gRPC client connection %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+	}()
+
+	client := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
+
+	status, err := client.Status(ctx, &proto.StatusRequest{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to get daemon status: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if status.Status == string(internal.StatusConnected) {
+		cmd.Println("Already connected")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	providedSetupKey, err := getSetupKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get setup key: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	loginRequest, err := setupLoginRequest(providedSetupKey, customDNSAddressConverted, cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("setup login request: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var loginErr error
+	var loginResp *proto.LoginResponse
+
+	err = WithBackOff(func() error {
+		var backOffErr error
+		loginResp, backOffErr = client.Login(ctx, loginRequest)
+		if s, ok := gstatus.FromError(backOffErr); ok && (s.Code() == codes.InvalidArgument ||
+			s.Code() == codes.PermissionDenied ||
+			s.Code() == codes.NotFound ||
+			s.Code() == codes.Unimplemented) {
+			loginErr = backOffErr
+			return nil
+		}
+		return backOffErr
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("login backoff cycle failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if loginErr != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("login failed: %v", loginErr)
+	}
+
+	if loginResp.NeedsSSOLogin {
+
+		openURL(cmd, loginResp.VerificationURIComplete, loginResp.UserCode, noBrowser)
+
+		_, err = client.WaitSSOLogin(ctx, &proto.WaitSSOLoginRequest{UserCode: loginResp.UserCode, Hostname: hostName})
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("waiting sso login failed with: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if _, err := client.Up(ctx, &proto.UpRequest{}); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("call service up method: %v", err)
+	}
+	cmd.Println("Connected")
+	return nil
+}
+
+func setupConfig(customDNSAddressConverted []byte, cmd *cobra.Command) (*internal.ConfigInput, error) {
 	ic := internal.ConfigInput{
 		ManagementURL:       managementURL,
 		AdminURL:            adminURL,
@@ -136,7 +260,7 @@ func runInForegroundMode(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command) error {
 
 	if cmd.Flag(interfaceNameFlag).Changed {
 		if err := parseInterfaceName(interfaceName); err != nil {
-			return err
+			return nil, err
 		}
 		ic.InterfaceName = &interfaceName
 	}
@@ -187,71 +311,17 @@ func runInForegroundMode(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command) error {
 		ic.BlockLANAccess = &blockLANAccess
 	}
 
-	providedSetupKey, err := getSetupKey()
+	if cmd.Flag(blockInboundFlag).Changed {
-	if err != nil {
+		ic.BlockInbound = &blockInbound
-		return err
 	}
 
-	config, err := internal.UpdateOrCreateConfig(ic)
+	if cmd.Flag(enableLazyConnectionFlag).Changed {
-	if err != nil {
+		ic.LazyConnectionEnabled = &lazyConnEnabled
-		return fmt.Errorf("get config file: %v", err)
+	}
-	}
+	return &ic, nil
-
-	config, _ = internal.UpdateOldManagementURL(ctx, config, configPath)
-
-	err = foregroundLogin(ctx, cmd, config, providedSetupKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("foreground login failed: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	var cancel context.CancelFunc
-	ctx, cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	SetupCloseHandler(ctx, cancel)
-
-	r := peer.NewRecorder(config.ManagementURL.String())
-	r.GetFullStatus()
-
-	connectClient := internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, config, r)
-	return connectClient.Run(nil)
-}
-
-func runInDaemonMode(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command) error {
-	customDNSAddressConverted, err := parseCustomDNSAddress(cmd.Flag(dnsResolverAddress).Changed)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	conn, err := DialClientGRPCServer(ctx, daemonAddr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to daemon error: %v\n"+
-			"If the daemon is not running please run: "+
-			"\nnetbird service install \nnetbird service start\n", err)
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		err := conn.Close()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("failed closing daemon gRPC client connection %v", err)
-			return
-		}
-	}()
-
-	client := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
-
-	status, err := client.Status(ctx, &proto.StatusRequest{})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to get daemon status: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if status.Status == string(internal.StatusConnected) {
-		cmd.Println("Already connected")
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	providedSetupKey, err := getSetupKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
 }
 
+func setupLoginRequest(providedSetupKey string, customDNSAddressConverted []byte, cmd *cobra.Command) (*proto.LoginRequest, error) {
 	loginRequest := proto.LoginRequest{
 		SetupKey:            providedSetupKey,
 		ManagementUrl:       managementURL,
@@ -259,7 +329,7 @@ func runInDaemonMode(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command) error {
 		NatExternalIPs:      natExternalIPs,
 		CleanNATExternalIPs: natExternalIPs != nil && len(natExternalIPs) == 0,
 		CustomDNSAddress:    customDNSAddressConverted,
-		IsLinuxDesktopClient: isLinuxRunningDesktop(),
+		IsUnixDesktopClient: isUnixRunningDesktop(),
 		Hostname:            hostName,
 		ExtraIFaceBlacklist: extraIFaceBlackList,
 		DnsLabels:           dnsLabels,
@@ -288,7 +358,7 @@ func runInDaemonMode(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command) error {
 
 	if cmd.Flag(interfaceNameFlag).Changed {
 		if err := parseInterfaceName(interfaceName); err != nil {
-			return err
+			return nil, err
 		}
 		loginRequest.InterfaceName = &interfaceName
 	}
@@ -323,45 +393,14 @@ func runInDaemonMode(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command) error {
 		loginRequest.BlockLanAccess = &blockLANAccess
 	}
 
-	var loginErr error
+	if cmd.Flag(blockInboundFlag).Changed {
-
+		loginRequest.BlockInbound = &blockInbound
-	var loginResp *proto.LoginResponse
-
-	err = WithBackOff(func() error {
-		var backOffErr error
-		loginResp, backOffErr = client.Login(ctx, &loginRequest)
-		if s, ok := gstatus.FromError(backOffErr); ok && (s.Code() == codes.InvalidArgument ||
-			s.Code() == codes.PermissionDenied ||
-			s.Code() == codes.NotFound ||
-			s.Code() == codes.Unimplemented) {
-			loginErr = backOffErr
-			return nil
-		}
-		return backOffErr
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("login backoff cycle failed: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	if loginErr != nil {
+	if cmd.Flag(enableLazyConnectionFlag).Changed {
-		return fmt.Errorf("login failed: %v", loginErr)
+		loginRequest.LazyConnectionEnabled = &lazyConnEnabled
 	}
-
+	return &loginRequest, nil
-	if loginResp.NeedsSSOLogin {
-
-		openURL(cmd, loginResp.VerificationURIComplete, loginResp.UserCode)
-
-		_, err = client.WaitSSOLogin(ctx, &proto.WaitSSOLoginRequest{UserCode: loginResp.UserCode, Hostname: hostName})
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("waiting sso login failed with: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if _, err := client.Up(ctx, &proto.UpRequest{}); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("call service up method: %v", err)
-	}
-	cmd.Println("Connected")
-	return nil
 }
 
 func validateNATExternalIPs(list []string) error {

client/firewall/iptables/manager_linux.go

@@ -113,17 +113,16 @@ func (m *Manager) AddPeerFiltering(
 func (m *Manager) AddRouteFiltering(
 	id []byte,
 	sources []netip.Prefix,
-	destination netip.Prefix,
+	destination firewall.Network,
 	proto firewall.Protocol,
-	sPort *firewall.Port,
+	sPort, dPort *firewall.Port,
-	dPort *firewall.Port,
 	action firewall.Action,
 ) (firewall.Rule, error) {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if !destination.Addr().Is4() {
+	if destination.IsPrefix() && !destination.Prefix.Addr().Is4() {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported IP version: %s", destination.Addr().String())
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported IP version: %s", destination.Prefix.Addr().String())
 	}
 
 	return m.router.AddRouteFiltering(id, sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
@@ -148,6 +147,10 @@ func (m *Manager) IsServerRouteSupported() bool {
 	return true
 }
 
+func (m *Manager) IsStateful() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) AddNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
@@ -199,7 +202,7 @@ func (m *Manager) AllowNetbird() error {
 	_, err := m.AddPeerFiltering(
 		nil,
 		net.IP{0, 0, 0, 0},
-		"all",
+		firewall.ProtocolALL,
 		nil,
 		nil,
 		firewall.ActionAccept,
@@ -220,10 +223,16 @@ func (m *Manager) SetLogLevel(log.Level) {
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) EnableRouting() error {
+	if err := m.router.ipFwdState.RequestForwarding(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("enable IP forwarding: %w", err)
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) DisableRouting() error {
+	if err := m.router.ipFwdState.ReleaseForwarding(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("disable IP forwarding: %w", err)
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -243,6 +252,14 @@ func (m *Manager) DeleteDNATRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	return m.router.DeleteDNATRule(rule)
 }
 
+// UpdateSet updates the set with the given prefixes
+func (m *Manager) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	return m.router.UpdateSet(set, prefixes)
+}
+
 func getConntrackEstablished() []string {
 	return []string{"-m", "conntrack", "--ctstate", "RELATED,ESTABLISHED", "-j", "ACCEPT"}
 }

client/firewall/iptables/manager_linux_test.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package iptables
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -19,11 +19,8 @@ var ifaceMock = &iFaceMock{
 	},
 	AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
 		return wgaddr.Address{
-			IP: net.ParseIP("10.20.0.1"),
+			IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("10.20.0.1"),
-			Network: &net.IPNet{
+			Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.20.0.0/24"),
-				IP:   net.ParseIP("10.20.0.0"),
-				Mask: net.IPv4Mask(255, 255, 255, 0),
-			},
 		}
 	},
 }
@@ -70,12 +67,12 @@ func TestIptablesManager(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var rule2 []fw.Rule
 	t.Run("add second rule", func(t *testing.T) {
-		ip := net.ParseIP("10.20.0.3")
+		ip := netip.MustParseAddr("10.20.0.3")
 		port := &fw.Port{
 			IsRange: true,
 			Values:  []uint16{8043, 8046},
 		}
-		rule2, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, "tcp", port, nil, fw.ActionAccept, "")
+		rule2, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip.AsSlice(), "tcp", port, nil, fw.ActionAccept, "")
 		require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add rule")
 
 		for _, r := range rule2 {
@@ -95,9 +92,9 @@ func TestIptablesManager(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("reset check", func(t *testing.T) {
 		// add second rule
-		ip := net.ParseIP("10.20.0.3")
+		ip := netip.MustParseAddr("10.20.0.3")
 		port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{5353}}
-		_, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, "udp", nil, port, fw.ActionAccept, "")
+		_, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip.AsSlice(), "udp", nil, port, fw.ActionAccept, "")
 		require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add rule")
 
 		err = manager.Close(nil)
@@ -119,11 +116,8 @@ func TestIptablesManagerIPSet(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
 			return wgaddr.Address{
-				IP: net.ParseIP("10.20.0.1"),
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("10.20.0.1"),
-				Network: &net.IPNet{
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.20.0.0/24"),
-					IP:   net.ParseIP("10.20.0.0"),
-					Mask: net.IPv4Mask(255, 255, 255, 0),
-				},
 			}
 		},
 	}
@@ -144,11 +138,11 @@ func TestIptablesManagerIPSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var rule2 []fw.Rule
 	t.Run("add second rule", func(t *testing.T) {
-		ip := net.ParseIP("10.20.0.3")
+		ip := netip.MustParseAddr("10.20.0.3")
 		port := &fw.Port{
 			Values: []uint16{443},
 		}
-		rule2, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, "tcp", port, nil, fw.ActionAccept, "default")
+		rule2, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip.AsSlice(), "tcp", port, nil, fw.ActionAccept, "default")
 		for _, r := range rule2 {
 			require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add rule")
 			require.Equal(t, r.(*Rule).ipsetName, "default-sport", "ipset name must be set")
@@ -186,11 +180,8 @@ func TestIptablesCreatePerformance(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
 			return wgaddr.Address{
-				IP: net.ParseIP("10.20.0.1"),
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("10.20.0.1"),
-				Network: &net.IPNet{
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.20.0.0/24"),
-					IP:   net.ParseIP("10.20.0.0"),
-					Mask: net.IPv4Mask(255, 255, 255, 0),
-				},
 			}
 		},
 	}
@@ -212,11 +203,11 @@ func TestIptablesCreatePerformance(t *testing.T) {
 
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			ip := net.ParseIP("10.20.0.100")
+			ip := netip.MustParseAddr("10.20.0.100")
 			start := time.Now()
 			for i := 0; i < testMax; i++ {
 				port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{uint16(1000 + i)}}
-				_, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, "tcp", nil, port, fw.ActionAccept, "")
+				_, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip.AsSlice(), "tcp", nil, port, fw.ActionAccept, "")
 
 				require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add rule")
 			}

client/firewall/iptables/router_linux.go

@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ const (
 	jumpManglePre  = "jump-mangle-pre"
 	jumpNatPre     = "jump-nat-pre"
 	jumpNatPost    = "jump-nat-post"
+	markManglePre  = "mark-mangle-pre"
+	markManglePost = "mark-mangle-post"
 	matchSet       = "--match-set"
 
 	dnatSuffix = "_dnat"
@@ -55,18 +57,18 @@ type ruleInfo struct {
 }
 
 type routeFilteringRuleParams struct {
-	Sources     []netip.Prefix
+	Source      firewall.Network
-	Destination netip.Prefix
+	Destination firewall.Network
 	Proto       firewall.Protocol
 	SPort       *firewall.Port
 	DPort       *firewall.Port
 	Direction   firewall.RuleDirection
 	Action      firewall.Action
-	SetName     string
 }
 
 type routeRules map[string][]string
 
+// the ipset library currently does not support comments, so we use the name only (string)
 type ipsetCounter = refcounter.Counter[string, []netip.Prefix, struct{}]
 
 type router struct {
@@ -115,6 +117,10 @@ func (r *router) init(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create containers: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	if err := r.setupDataPlaneMark(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to set up data plane mark: %v", err)
+	}
+
 	r.updateState()
 
 	return nil
@@ -123,7 +129,7 @@ func (r *router) init(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
 func (r *router) AddRouteFiltering(
 	id []byte,
 	sources []netip.Prefix,
-	destination netip.Prefix,
+	destination firewall.Network,
 	proto firewall.Protocol,
 	sPort *firewall.Port,
 	dPort *firewall.Port,
@@ -134,27 +140,28 @@ func (r *router) AddRouteFiltering(
 		return ruleKey, nil
 	}
 
-	var setName string
+	var source firewall.Network
 	if len(sources) > 1 {
-		setName = firewall.GenerateSetName(sources)
+		source.Set = firewall.NewPrefixSet(sources)
-		if _, err := r.ipsetCounter.Increment(setName, sources); err != nil {
+	} else if len(sources) > 0 {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("create or get ipset: %w", err)
+		source.Prefix = sources[0]
-		}
 	}
 
 	params := routeFilteringRuleParams{
-		Sources:     sources,
+		Source:      source,
 		Destination: destination,
 		Proto:       proto,
 		SPort:       sPort,
 		DPort:       dPort,
 		Action:      action,
-		SetName:     setName,
 	}
 
-	rule := genRouteFilteringRuleSpec(params)
+	rule, err := r.genRouteRuleSpec(params, sources)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("generate route rule spec: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	// Insert DROP rules at the beginning, append ACCEPT rules at the end
-	var err error
 	if action == firewall.ActionDrop {
 		// after the established rule
 		err = r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableFilter, chainRTFWDIN, 2, rule...)
@@ -177,17 +184,13 @@ func (r *router) DeleteRouteRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	ruleKey := rule.ID()
 
 	if rule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey]; exists {
-		setName := r.findSetNameInRule(rule)
-
 		if err := r.iptablesClient.Delete(tableFilter, chainRTFWDIN, rule...); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("delete route rule: %v", err)
 		}
 		delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
 
-		if setName != "" {
+		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
-			if _, err := r.ipsetCounter.Decrement(setName); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("decrement ipset counter: %w", err)
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove ipset: %w", err)
-			}
 		}
 	} else {
 		log.Debugf("route rule %s not found", ruleKey)
@@ -198,13 +201,26 @@ func (r *router) DeleteRouteRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (r *router) findSetNameInRule(rule []string) string {
+func (r *router) decrementSetCounter(rule []string) error {
+	sets := r.findSets(rule)
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, setName := range sets {
+		if _, err := r.ipsetCounter.Decrement(setName); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("decrement counter: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *router) findSets(rule []string) []string {
+	var sets []string
 	for i, arg := range rule {
 		if arg == "-m" && i+3 < len(rule) && rule[i+1] == "set" && rule[i+2] == matchSet {
-			return rule[i+3]
+			sets = append(sets, rule[i+3])
 		}
 	}
-	return ""
+	return sets
 }
 
 func (r *router) createIpSet(setName string, sources []netip.Prefix) error {
@@ -225,15 +241,13 @@ func (r *router) deleteIpSet(setName string) error {
 	if err := ipset.Destroy(setName); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("destroy set %s: %w", setName, err)
 	}
+
+	log.Debugf("Deleted unused ipset %s", setName)
 	return nil
 }
 
 // AddNatRule inserts an iptables rule pair into the nat chain
 func (r *router) AddNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	if err := r.ipFwdState.RequestForwarding(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
 	if r.legacyManagement {
 		log.Warnf("This peer is connected to a NetBird Management service with an older version. Allowing all traffic for %s", pair.Destination)
 		if err := r.addLegacyRouteRule(pair); err != nil {
@@ -260,10 +274,7 @@ func (r *router) AddNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 
 // RemoveNatRule removes an iptables rule pair from forwarding and nat chains
 func (r *router) RemoveNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	if err := r.ipFwdState.ReleaseForwarding(); err != nil {
+	if pair.Masquerade {
-		log.Errorf("%v", err)
-	}
-
 		if err := r.removeNatRule(pair); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("remove nat rule: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -271,6 +282,7 @@ func (r *router) RemoveNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 		if err := r.removeNatRule(firewall.GetInversePair(pair)); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("remove inverse nat rule: %w", err)
 		}
+	}
 
 	if err := r.removeLegacyRouteRule(pair); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("remove legacy routing rule: %w", err)
@@ -307,8 +319,10 @@ func (r *router) removeLegacyRouteRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("remove legacy forwarding rule %s -> %s: %v", pair.Source, pair.Destination, err)
 		}
 		delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
-	} else {
+
-		log.Debugf("legacy forwarding rule %s not found", ruleKey)
+		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("decrement ipset counter: %w", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -348,12 +362,16 @@ func (r *router) Reset() error {
 	if err := r.cleanUpDefaultForwardRules(); err != nil {
 		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
 	}
-	r.rules = make(map[string][]string)
 
 	if err := r.ipsetCounter.Flush(); err != nil {
 		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
 	}
 
+	if err := r.cleanupDataPlaneMark(); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+	}
+
+	r.rules = make(map[string][]string)
 	r.updateState()
 
 	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
@@ -423,6 +441,57 @@ func (r *router) createContainers() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// setupDataPlaneMark configures the fwmark for the data plane
+func (r *router) setupDataPlaneMark() error {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	preRule := []string{
+		"-i", r.wgIface.Name(),
+		"-m", "conntrack", "--ctstate", "NEW",
+		"-j", "CONNMARK", "--set-mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.DataPlaneMarkIn),
+	}
+
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.AppendUnique(tableMangle, chainPREROUTING, preRule...); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("add mangle prerouting rule: %w", err))
+	} else {
+		r.rules[markManglePre] = preRule
+	}
+
+	postRule := []string{
+		"-o", r.wgIface.Name(),
+		"-m", "conntrack", "--ctstate", "NEW",
+		"-j", "CONNMARK", "--set-mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.DataPlaneMarkOut),
+	}
+
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.AppendUnique(tableMangle, chainPOSTROUTING, postRule...); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("add mangle postrouting rule: %w", err))
+	} else {
+		r.rules[markManglePost] = postRule
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *router) cleanupDataPlaneMark() error {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	if preRule, exists := r.rules[markManglePre]; exists {
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableMangle, chainPREROUTING, preRule...); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove mangle prerouting rule: %w", err))
+		} else {
+			delete(r.rules, markManglePre)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if postRule, exists := r.rules[markManglePost]; exists {
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableMangle, chainPOSTROUTING, postRule...); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove mangle postrouting rule: %w", err))
+		} else {
+			delete(r.rules, markManglePost)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
 func (r *router) addPostroutingRules() error {
 	// First rule for outbound masquerade
 	rule1 := []string{
@@ -464,7 +533,7 @@ func (r *router) insertEstablishedRule(chain string) error {
 }
 
 func (r *router) addJumpRules() error {
-	// Jump to NAT chain
+	// Jump to nat chain
 	natRule := []string{"-j", chainRTNAT}
 	if err := r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableNat, chainPOSTROUTING, 1, natRule...); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("add nat postrouting jump rule: %v", err)
@@ -538,12 +607,26 @@ func (r *router) addNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	rule = append(rule,
 		"-m", "conntrack",
 		"--ctstate", "NEW",
-		"-s", pair.Source.String(),
+	)
-		"-d", pair.Destination.String(),
+	sourceExp, err := r.applyNetwork("-s", pair.Source, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("apply network -s: %w", err)
+	}
+	destExp, err := r.applyNetwork("-d", pair.Destination, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("apply network -d: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	rule = append(rule, sourceExp...)
+	rule = append(rule, destExp...)
+	rule = append(rule,
 		"-j", "MARK", "--set-mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", markValue),
 	)
 
-	if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(tableMangle, chainRTPRE, rule...); err != nil {
+	// Ensure nat rules come first, so the mark can be overwritten.
+	// Currently overwritten by the dst-type LOCAL rules for redirected traffic.
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableMangle, chainRTPRE, 1, rule...); err != nil {
+		// TODO: rollback ipset counter
 		return fmt.Errorf("error while adding marking rule for %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
 	}
 
@@ -561,6 +644,10 @@ func (r *router) removeNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error while removing marking rule for %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
 		}
 		delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
+
+		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("decrement ipset counter: %w", err)
+		}
 	} else {
 		log.Debugf("marking rule %s not found", ruleKey)
 	}
@@ -726,17 +813,21 @@ func (r *router) DeleteDNATRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
-func genRouteFilteringRuleSpec(params routeFilteringRuleParams) []string {
+func (r *router) genRouteRuleSpec(params routeFilteringRuleParams, sources []netip.Prefix) ([]string, error) {
 	var rule []string
 
-	if params.SetName != "" {
+	sourceExp, err := r.applyNetwork("-s", params.Source, sources)
-		rule = append(rule, "-m", "set", matchSet, params.SetName, "src")
+	if err != nil {
-	} else if len(params.Sources) > 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply network -s: %w", err)
-		source := params.Sources[0]
+
-		rule = append(rule, "-s", source.String())
+	}
+	destExp, err := r.applyNetwork("-d", params.Destination, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply network -d: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	rule = append(rule, "-d", params.Destination.String())
+	rule = append(rule, sourceExp...)
+	rule = append(rule, destExp...)
 
 	if params.Proto != firewall.ProtocolALL {
 		rule = append(rule, "-p", strings.ToLower(string(params.Proto)))
@@ -746,7 +837,47 @@ func genRouteFilteringRuleSpec(params routeFilteringRuleParams) []string {
 
 	rule = append(rule, "-j", actionToStr(params.Action))
 
-	return rule
+	return rule, nil
+}
+
+func (r *router) applyNetwork(flag string, network firewall.Network, prefixes []netip.Prefix) ([]string, error) {
+	direction := "src"
+	if flag == "-d" {
+		direction = "dst"
+	}
+
+	if network.IsSet() {
+		if _, err := r.ipsetCounter.Increment(network.Set.HashedName(), prefixes); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("create or get ipset: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		return []string{"-m", "set", matchSet, network.Set.HashedName(), direction}, nil
+	}
+	if network.IsPrefix() {
+		return []string{flag, network.Prefix.String()}, nil
+	}
+
+	// nolint:nilnil
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (r *router) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, prefix := range prefixes {
+		// TODO: Implement IPv6 support
+		if prefix.Addr().Is6() {
+			log.Tracef("skipping IPv6 prefix %s: IPv6 support not yet implemented", prefix)
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := ipset.AddPrefix(set.HashedName(), prefix); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("increment ipset counter: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+	if merr == nil {
+		log.Debugf("updated set %s with prefixes %v", set.HashedName(), prefixes)
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
 func applyPort(flag string, port *firewall.Port) []string {

client/firewall/iptables/router_linux_test.go

@@ -46,7 +46,9 @@ func TestIptablesManager_RestoreOrCreateContainers(t *testing.T) {
 	// 5. jump rule to PRE nat chain
 	// 6. static outbound masquerade rule
 	// 7. static return masquerade rule
-	require.Len(t, manager.rules, 7, "should have created rules map")
+	// 8. mangle prerouting mark rule
+	// 9. mangle postrouting mark rule
+	require.Len(t, manager.rules, 9, "should have created rules map")
 
 	exists, err := manager.iptablesClient.Exists(tableNat, chainPOSTROUTING, "-j", chainRTNAT)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableNat, chainPOSTROUTING)
@@ -58,8 +60,8 @@ func TestIptablesManager_RestoreOrCreateContainers(t *testing.T) {
 
 	pair := firewall.RouterPair{
 		ID:          "abc",
-		Source:      netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.100.1/32"),
+		Source:      firewall.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.100.1/32")},
-		Destination: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.100.0/24"),
+		Destination: firewall.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.100.0/24")},
 		Masquerade:  true,
 	}
 
@@ -330,7 +332,7 @@ func TestRouter_AddRouteFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			ruleKey, err := r.AddRouteFiltering(nil, tt.sources, tt.destination, tt.proto, tt.sPort, tt.dPort, tt.action)
+			ruleKey, err := r.AddRouteFiltering(nil, tt.sources, firewall.Network{Prefix: tt.destination}, tt.proto, tt.sPort, tt.dPort, tt.action)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "AddRouteFiltering failed")
 
 			// Check if the rule is in the internal map
@@ -345,23 +347,29 @@ func TestRouter_AddRouteFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to check rule existence")
 			assert.True(t, exists, "Rule not found in iptables")
 
+			var source firewall.Network
+			if len(tt.sources) > 1 {
+				source.Set = firewall.NewPrefixSet(tt.sources)
+			} else if len(tt.sources) > 0 {
+				source.Prefix = tt.sources[0]
+			}
 			// Verify rule content
 			params := routeFilteringRuleParams{
-				Sources:     tt.sources,
+				Source:      source,
-				Destination: tt.destination,
+				Destination: firewall.Network{Prefix: tt.destination},
 				Proto:       tt.proto,
 				SPort:       tt.sPort,
 				DPort:       tt.dPort,
 				Action:      tt.action,
-				SetName:     "",
 			}
 
-			expectedRule := genRouteFilteringRuleSpec(params)
+			expectedRule, err := r.genRouteRuleSpec(params, nil)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to generate expected rule spec")
 
 			if tt.expectSet {
-				setName := firewall.GenerateSetName(tt.sources)
+				setName := firewall.NewPrefixSet(tt.sources).HashedName()
-				params.SetName = setName
+				expectedRule, err = r.genRouteRuleSpec(params, nil)
-				expectedRule = genRouteFilteringRuleSpec(params)
+				require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to generate expected rule spec with set")
 
 				// Check if the set was created
 				_, exists := r.ipsetCounter.Get(setName)
@@ -376,3 +384,62 @@ func TestRouter_AddRouteFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestFindSetNameInRule(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &router{}
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		rule     []string
+		expected []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "Basic rule with two sets",
+			rule: []string{
+				"-A", "NETBIRD-RT-FWD-IN", "-p", "tcp", "-m", "set", "--match-set", "nb-2e5a2a05", "src",
+				"-m", "set", "--match-set", "nb-349ae051", "dst", "-m", "tcp", "--dport", "8080", "-j", "ACCEPT",
+			},
+			expected: []string{"nb-2e5a2a05", "nb-349ae051"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "No sets",
+			rule:     []string{"-A", "NETBIRD-RT-FWD-IN", "-p", "tcp", "-j", "ACCEPT"},
+			expected: []string{},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Multiple sets with different positions",
+			rule: []string{
+				"-m", "set", "--match-set", "set1", "src", "-p", "tcp",
+				"-m", "set", "--match-set", "set-abc123", "dst", "-j", "ACCEPT",
+			},
+			expected: []string{"set1", "set-abc123"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Boundary case - sequence appears at end",
+			rule:     []string{"-p", "tcp", "-m", "set", "--match-set", "final-set"},
+			expected: []string{"final-set"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Incomplete pattern - missing set name",
+			rule:     []string{"-p", "tcp", "-m", "set", "--match-set"},
+			expected: []string{},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := r.findSets(tc.rule)
+
+			if len(result) != len(tc.expected) {
+				t.Errorf("Expected %d sets, got %d. Sets found: %v", len(tc.expected), len(result), result)
+				return
+			}
+
+			for i, set := range result {
+				if set != tc.expected[i] {
+					t.Errorf("Expected set %q at position %d, got %q", tc.expected[i], i, set)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

client/firewall/manager/firewall.go

@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 package manager
 
 import (
-	"crypto/sha256"
-	"encoding/hex"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"sort"
-	"strings"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
@@ -43,6 +40,18 @@ const (
 // Action is the action to be taken on a rule
 type Action int
 
+// String returns the string representation of the action
+func (a Action) String() string {
+	switch a {
+	case ActionAccept:
+		return "accept"
+	case ActionDrop:
+		return "drop"
+	default:
+		return "unknown"
+	}
+}
+
 const (
 	// ActionAccept is the action to accept a packet
 	ActionAccept Action = iota
@@ -50,6 +59,33 @@ const (
 	ActionDrop
 )
 
+// Network is a rule destination, either a set or a prefix
+type Network struct {
+	Set    Set
+	Prefix netip.Prefix
+}
+
+// String returns the string representation of the destination
+func (d Network) String() string {
+	if d.Prefix.IsValid() {
+		return d.Prefix.String()
+	}
+	if d.IsSet() {
+		return d.Set.HashedName()
+	}
+	return "<invalid network>"
+}
+
+// IsSet returns true if the destination is a set
+func (d Network) IsSet() bool {
+	return d.Set != Set{}
+}
+
+// IsPrefix returns true if the destination is a valid prefix
+func (d Network) IsPrefix() bool {
+	return d.Prefix.IsValid()
+}
+
 // Manager is the high level abstraction of a firewall manager
 //
 // It declares methods which handle actions required by the
@@ -80,13 +116,14 @@ type Manager interface {
 	// IsServerRouteSupported returns true if the firewall supports server side routing operations
 	IsServerRouteSupported() bool
 
+	IsStateful() bool
+
 	AddRouteFiltering(
 		id []byte,
 		sources []netip.Prefix,
-		destination netip.Prefix,
+		destination Network,
 		proto Protocol,
-		sPort *Port,
+		sPort, dPort *Port,
-		dPort *Port,
 		action Action,
 	) (Rule, error)
 
@@ -119,6 +156,9 @@ type Manager interface {
 
 	// DeleteDNATRule deletes a DNAT rule
 	DeleteDNATRule(Rule) error
+
+	// UpdateSet updates the set with the given prefixes
+	UpdateSet(hash Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error
 }
 
 func GenKey(format string, pair RouterPair) string {
@@ -153,22 +193,6 @@ func SetLegacyManagement(router LegacyManager, isLegacy bool) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// GenerateSetName generates a unique name for an ipset based on the given sources.
-func GenerateSetName(sources []netip.Prefix) string {
-	// sort for consistent naming
-	SortPrefixes(sources)
-
-	var sourcesStr strings.Builder
-	for _, src := range sources {
-		sourcesStr.WriteString(src.String())
-	}
-
-	hash := sha256.Sum256([]byte(sourcesStr.String()))
-	shortHash := hex.EncodeToString(hash[:])[:8]
-
-	return fmt.Sprintf("nb-%s", shortHash)
-}
-
 // MergeIPRanges merges overlapping IP ranges and returns a slice of non-overlapping netip.Prefix
 func MergeIPRanges(prefixes []netip.Prefix) []netip.Prefix {
 	if len(prefixes) == 0 {

client/firewall/manager/firewall_test.go

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ func TestGenerateSetName(t *testing.T) {
 			netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
 		}
 
-		result1 := manager.GenerateSetName(prefixes1)
+		result1 := manager.NewPrefixSet(prefixes1)
-		result2 := manager.GenerateSetName(prefixes2)
+		result2 := manager.NewPrefixSet(prefixes2)
 
 		if result1 != result2 {
 			t.Errorf("Different orders produced different hashes: %s != %s", result1, result2)
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ func TestGenerateSetName(t *testing.T) {
 			netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8"),
 		}
 
-		result := manager.GenerateSetName(prefixes)
+		result := manager.NewPrefixSet(prefixes)
 
-		matched, err := regexp.MatchString(`^nb-[0-9a-f]{8}$`, result)
+		matched, err := regexp.MatchString(`^nb-[0-9a-f]{8}$`, result.HashedName())
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("Error matching regex: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ func TestGenerateSetName(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("Empty input produces consistent result", func(t *testing.T) {
-		result1 := manager.GenerateSetName([]netip.Prefix{})
+		result1 := manager.NewPrefixSet([]netip.Prefix{})
-		result2 := manager.GenerateSetName([]netip.Prefix{})
+		result2 := manager.NewPrefixSet([]netip.Prefix{})
 
 		if result1 != result2 {
 			t.Errorf("Empty input produced inconsistent results: %s != %s", result1, result2)
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ func TestGenerateSetName(t *testing.T) {
 			netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
 		}
 
-		result1 := manager.GenerateSetName(prefixes1)
+		result1 := manager.NewPrefixSet(prefixes1)
-		result2 := manager.GenerateSetName(prefixes2)
+		result2 := manager.NewPrefixSet(prefixes2)
 
 		if result1 != result2 {
 			t.Errorf("Different orders of IPv4 and IPv6 produced different hashes: %s != %s", result1, result2)

client/firewall/manager/routerpair.go

@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
 package manager
 
 import (
-	"net/netip"
-
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 )
 
 type RouterPair struct {
 	ID          route.ID
-	Source      netip.Prefix
+	Source      Network
-	Destination netip.Prefix
+	Destination Network
 	Masquerade  bool
 	Inverse     bool
 }

client/firewall/manager/set.go

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package manager
+
+import (
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
+)
+
+type Set struct {
+	hash    [4]byte
+	comment string
+}
+
+// String returns the string representation of the set: hashed name and comment
+func (h Set) String() string {
+	if h.comment == "" {
+		return h.HashedName()
+	}
+	return h.HashedName() + ": " + h.comment
+}
+
+// HashedName returns the string representation of the hash
+func (h Set) HashedName() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(
+		"nb-%s",
+		hex.EncodeToString(h.hash[:]),
+	)
+}
+
+// Comment returns the comment of the set
+func (h Set) Comment() string {
+	return h.comment
+}
+
+// NewPrefixSet generates a unique name for an ipset based on the given prefixes.
+func NewPrefixSet(prefixes []netip.Prefix) Set {
+	// sort for consistent naming
+	SortPrefixes(prefixes)
+
+	hash := sha256.New()
+	for _, src := range prefixes {
+		bytes, err := src.MarshalBinary()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to marshal prefix %s: %v", src, err)
+		}
+		hash.Write(bytes)
+	}
+	var set Set
+	copy(set.hash[:], hash.Sum(nil)[:4])
+
+	return set
+}
+
+// NewDomainSet generates a unique name for an ipset based on the given domains.
+func NewDomainSet(domains domain.List) Set {
+	slices.Sort(domains)
+
+	hash := sha256.New()
+	for _, d := range domains {
+		hash.Write([]byte(d.PunycodeString()))
+	}
+	set := Set{
+		comment: domains.SafeString(),
+	}
+	copy(set.hash[:], hash.Sum(nil)[:4])
+
+	return set
+}

client/firewall/nftables/acl_linux.go

@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ const (
 	// filter chains contains the rules that jump to the rules chains
 	chainNameInputFilter       = "netbird-acl-input-filter"
 	chainNameForwardFilter     = "netbird-acl-forward-filter"
-	chainNamePrerouting    = "netbird-rt-prerouting"
+	chainNameManglePrerouting  = "netbird-mangle-prerouting"
+	chainNameManglePostrouting = "netbird-mangle-postrouting"
 
 	allowNetbirdInputRuleID = "allow Netbird incoming traffic"
 )
@@ -462,13 +463,15 @@ func (m *AclManager) createDefaultChains() (err error) {
 // go through the input filter as well. This will enable e.g. Docker services to keep working by accessing the
 // netbird peer IP.
 func (m *AclManager) allowRedirectedTraffic(chainFwFilter *nftables.Chain) error {
-	m.chainPrerouting = m.rConn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
+	// Chain is created by route manager
-		Name:     chainNamePrerouting,
+	// TODO: move creation to a common place
+	m.chainPrerouting = &nftables.Chain{
+		Name:     chainNameManglePrerouting,
 		Table:    m.workTable,
 		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
 		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookPrerouting,
 		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityMangle,
-	})
+	}
 
 	m.addFwmarkToForward(chainFwFilter)
 

client/firewall/nftables/manager_linux.go

@@ -135,17 +135,16 @@ func (m *Manager) AddPeerFiltering(
 func (m *Manager) AddRouteFiltering(
 	id []byte,
 	sources []netip.Prefix,
-	destination netip.Prefix,
+	destination firewall.Network,
 	proto firewall.Protocol,
-	sPort *firewall.Port,
+	sPort, dPort *firewall.Port,
-	dPort *firewall.Port,
 	action firewall.Action,
 ) (firewall.Rule, error) {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if !destination.Addr().Is4() {
+	if destination.IsPrefix() && !destination.Prefix.Addr().Is4() {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported IP version: %s", destination.Addr().String())
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported IP version: %s", destination.Prefix.Addr().String())
 	}
 
 	return m.router.AddRouteFiltering(id, sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
@@ -171,6 +170,10 @@ func (m *Manager) IsServerRouteSupported() bool {
 	return true
 }
 
+func (m *Manager) IsStateful() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) AddNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
@@ -242,7 +245,7 @@ func (m *Manager) SetLegacyManagement(isLegacy bool) error {
 	return firewall.SetLegacyManagement(m.router, isLegacy)
 }
 
-// Reset firewall to the default state
+// Close closes the firewall manager
 func (m *Manager) Close(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
@@ -325,10 +328,16 @@ func (m *Manager) SetLogLevel(log.Level) {
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) EnableRouting() error {
+	if err := m.router.ipFwdState.RequestForwarding(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("enable IP forwarding: %w", err)
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) DisableRouting() error {
+	if err := m.router.ipFwdState.ReleaseForwarding(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("disable IP forwarding: %w", err)
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -359,6 +368,14 @@ func (m *Manager) DeleteDNATRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	return m.router.DeleteDNATRule(rule)
 }
 
+// UpdateSet updates the set with the given prefixes
+func (m *Manager) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	return m.router.UpdateSet(set, prefixes)
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) createWorkTable() (*nftables.Table, error) {
 	tables, err := m.rConn.ListTablesOfFamily(nftables.TableFamilyIPv4)
 	if err != nil {

client/firewall/nftables/manager_linux_test.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package nftables
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os/exec"
 	"testing"
@@ -25,11 +24,8 @@ var ifaceMock = &iFaceMock{
 	},
 	AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
 		return wgaddr.Address{
-			IP: net.ParseIP("100.96.0.1"),
+			IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("100.96.0.1"),
-			Network: &net.IPNet{
+			Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.96.0.0/16"),
-				IP:   net.ParseIP("100.96.0.0"),
-				Mask: net.IPv4Mask(255, 255, 255, 0),
-			},
 		}
 	},
 }
@@ -70,11 +66,11 @@ func TestNftablesManager(t *testing.T) {
 		time.Sleep(time.Second)
 	}()
 
-	ip := net.ParseIP("100.96.0.1")
+	ip := netip.MustParseAddr("100.96.0.1").Unmap()
 
 	testClient := &nftables.Conn{}
 
-	rule, err := manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{53}}, fw.ActionDrop, "")
+	rule, err := manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip.AsSlice(), fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{53}}, fw.ActionDrop, "")
 	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add rule")
 
 	err = manager.Flush()
@@ -109,8 +105,6 @@ func TestNftablesManager(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	compareExprsIgnoringCounters(t, rules[0].Exprs, expectedExprs1)
 
-	ipToAdd, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(ip)
-	add := ipToAdd.Unmap()
 	expectedExprs2 := []expr.Any{
 		&expr.Payload{
 			DestRegister: 1,
@@ -132,7 +126,7 @@ func TestNftablesManager(t *testing.T) {
 		&expr.Cmp{
 			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
 			Register: 1,
-			Data:     add.AsSlice(),
+			Data:     ip.AsSlice(),
 		},
 		&expr.Payload{
 			DestRegister: 1,
@@ -173,11 +167,8 @@ func TestNFtablesCreatePerformance(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
 			return wgaddr.Address{
-				IP: net.ParseIP("100.96.0.1"),
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("100.96.0.1"),
-				Network: &net.IPNet{
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.96.0.0/16"),
-					IP:   net.ParseIP("100.96.0.0"),
-					Mask: net.IPv4Mask(255, 255, 255, 0),
-				},
 			}
 		},
 	}
@@ -197,11 +188,11 @@ func TestNFtablesCreatePerformance(t *testing.T) {
 				time.Sleep(time.Second)
 			}()
 
-			ip := net.ParseIP("10.20.0.100")
+			ip := netip.MustParseAddr("10.20.0.100")
 			start := time.Now()
 			for i := 0; i < testMax; i++ {
 				port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{uint16(1000 + i)}}
-				_, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, "tcp", nil, port, fw.ActionAccept, "")
+				_, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip.AsSlice(), "tcp", nil, port, fw.ActionAccept, "")
 				require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add rule")
 
 				if i%100 == 0 {
@@ -282,14 +273,14 @@ func TestNftablesManagerCompatibilityWithIptables(t *testing.T) {
 		verifyIptablesOutput(t, stdout, stderr)
 	})
 
-	ip := net.ParseIP("100.96.0.1")
+	ip := netip.MustParseAddr("100.96.0.1")
-	_, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionAccept, "")
+	_, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip.AsSlice(), fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionAccept, "")
 	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add peer filtering rule")
 
 	_, err = manager.AddRouteFiltering(
 		nil,
 		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.2.0/24")},
-		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.1.0.0/24"),
+		fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.1.0.0/24")},
 		fw.ProtocolTCP,
 		nil,
 		&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
@@ -298,8 +289,8 @@ func TestNftablesManagerCompatibilityWithIptables(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add route filtering rule")
 
 	pair := fw.RouterPair{
-		Source:      netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+		Source:      fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
-		Destination: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24"),
+		Destination: fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24")},
 		Masquerade:  true,
 	}
 	err = manager.AddNatRule(pair)

client/firewall/nftables/router_linux.go

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/coreos/go-iptables/iptables"
-	"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
 	"github.com/google/nftables"
 	"github.com/google/nftables/binaryutil"
 	"github.com/google/nftables/expr"
@@ -44,9 +43,14 @@ const (
 const refreshRulesMapError = "refresh rules map: %w"
 
 var (
-	errFilterTableNotFound = fmt.Errorf("nftables: 'filter' table not found")
+	errFilterTableNotFound = fmt.Errorf("'filter' table not found")
 )
 
+type setInput struct {
+	set      firewall.Set
+	prefixes []netip.Prefix
+}
+
 type router struct {
 	conn        *nftables.Conn
 	workTable   *nftables.Table
@@ -54,7 +58,7 @@ type router struct {
 	chains      map[string]*nftables.Chain
 	// rules is useful to avoid duplicates and to get missing attributes that we don't have when adding new rules
 	rules        map[string]*nftables.Rule
-	ipsetCounter *refcounter.Counter[string, []netip.Prefix, *nftables.Set]
+	ipsetCounter *refcounter.Counter[string, setInput, *nftables.Set]
 
 	wgIface          iFaceMapper
 	ipFwdState       *ipfwdstate.IPForwardingState
@@ -100,6 +104,10 @@ func (r *router) init(workTable *nftables.Table) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create containers: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	if err := r.setupDataPlaneMark(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to set up data plane mark: %v", err)
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -159,7 +167,7 @@ func (r *router) removeNatPreroutingRules() error {
 func (r *router) loadFilterTable() (*nftables.Table, error) {
 	tables, err := r.conn.ListTablesOfFamily(nftables.TableFamilyIPv4)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("nftables: unable to list tables: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to list tables: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	for _, table := range tables {
@@ -196,15 +204,21 @@ func (r *router) createContainers() error {
 		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeNAT,
 	})
 
-	// Chain is created by acl manager
+	r.chains[chainNameManglePostrouting] = r.conn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
-	// TODO: move creation to a common place
+		Name:     chainNameManglePostrouting,
-	r.chains[chainNamePrerouting] = &nftables.Chain{
+		Table:    r.workTable,
-		Name:     chainNamePrerouting,
+		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookPostrouting,
+		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityMangle,
+		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
+	})
+
+	r.chains[chainNameManglePrerouting] = r.conn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
+		Name:     chainNameManglePrerouting,
 		Table:    r.workTable,
 		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookPrerouting,
 		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityMangle,
 		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
-	}
+	})
 
 	// Add the single NAT rule that matches on mark
 	if err := r.addPostroutingRules(); err != nil {
@@ -220,7 +234,83 @@ func (r *router) createContainers() error {
 	}
 
 	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("nftables: unable to initialize table: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("initialize tables: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// setupDataPlaneMark configures the fwmark for the data plane
+func (r *router) setupDataPlaneMark() error {
+	if r.chains[chainNameManglePrerouting] == nil || r.chains[chainNameManglePostrouting] == nil {
+		return errors.New("no mangle chains found")
+	}
+
+	ctNew := getCtNewExprs()
+	preExprs := []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:      expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME,
+			Register: 1,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
+		},
+	}
+	preExprs = append(preExprs, ctNew...)
+	preExprs = append(preExprs,
+		&expr.Immediate{
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(nbnet.DataPlaneMarkIn),
+		},
+		&expr.Ct{
+			Key:            expr.CtKeyMARK,
+			Register:       1,
+			SourceRegister: true,
+		},
+	)
+
+	preNftRule := &nftables.Rule{
+		Table: r.workTable,
+		Chain: r.chains[chainNameManglePrerouting],
+		Exprs: preExprs,
+	}
+	r.conn.AddRule(preNftRule)
+
+	postExprs := []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:      expr.MetaKeyOIFNAME,
+			Register: 1,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
+		},
+	}
+	postExprs = append(postExprs, ctNew...)
+	postExprs = append(postExprs,
+		&expr.Immediate{
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(nbnet.DataPlaneMarkOut),
+		},
+		&expr.Ct{
+			Key:            expr.CtKeyMARK,
+			Register:       1,
+			SourceRegister: true,
+		},
+	)
+
+	postNftRule := &nftables.Rule{
+		Table: r.workTable,
+		Chain: r.chains[chainNameManglePostrouting],
+		Exprs: postExprs,
+	}
+	r.conn.AddRule(postNftRule)
+
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("flush: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -230,7 +320,7 @@ func (r *router) createContainers() error {
 func (r *router) AddRouteFiltering(
 	id []byte,
 	sources []netip.Prefix,
-	destination netip.Prefix,
+	destination firewall.Network,
 	proto firewall.Protocol,
 	sPort *firewall.Port,
 	dPort *firewall.Port,
@@ -245,23 +335,29 @@ func (r *router) AddRouteFiltering(
 	chain := r.chains[chainNameRoutingFw]
 	var exprs []expr.Any
 
+	var source firewall.Network
 	switch {
 	case len(sources) == 1 && sources[0].Bits() == 0:
 		// If it's 0.0.0.0/0, we don't need to add any source matching
 	case len(sources) == 1:
 		// If there's only one source, we can use it directly
-		exprs = append(exprs, generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(true, sources[0])...)
+		source.Prefix = sources[0]
 	default:
-		// If there are multiple sources, create or get an ipset
+		// If there are multiple sources, use a set
-		var err error
+		source.Set = firewall.NewPrefixSet(sources)
-		exprs, err = r.getIpSetExprs(sources, exprs)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("get ipset expressions: %w", err)
-		}
 	}
 
-	// Handle destination
+	sourceExp, err := r.applyNetwork(source, sources, true)
-	exprs = append(exprs, generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(false, destination)...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply source: %w", err)
+	}
+	exprs = append(exprs, sourceExp...)
+
+	destExp, err := r.applyNetwork(destination, nil, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply destination: %w", err)
+	}
+	exprs = append(exprs, destExp...)
 
 	// Handle protocol
 	if proto != firewall.ProtocolALL {
@@ -305,39 +401,27 @@ func (r *router) AddRouteFiltering(
 		rule = r.conn.AddRule(rule)
 	}
 
-	log.Tracef("Adding route rule %s", spew.Sdump(rule))
 	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
 	}
 
 	r.rules[string(ruleKey)] = rule
 
-	log.Debugf("nftables: added route rule: sources=%v, destination=%v, proto=%v, sPort=%v, dPort=%v, action=%v", sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
+	log.Debugf("added route rule: sources=%v, destination=%v, proto=%v, sPort=%v, dPort=%v, action=%v", sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
 
 	return ruleKey, nil
 }
 
-func (r *router) getIpSetExprs(sources []netip.Prefix, exprs []expr.Any) ([]expr.Any, error) {
+func (r *router) getIpSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix, isSource bool) ([]expr.Any, error) {
-	setName := firewall.GenerateSetName(sources)
+	ref, err := r.ipsetCounter.Increment(set.HashedName(), setInput{
-	ref, err := r.ipsetCounter.Increment(setName, sources)
+		set:      set,
+		prefixes: prefixes,
+	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create or get ipset for sources: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create or get ipset: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	exprs = append(exprs,
+	return getIpSetExprs(ref, isSource)
-		&expr.Payload{
-			DestRegister: 1,
-			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseNetworkHeader,
-			Offset:       12,
-			Len:          4,
-		},
-		&expr.Lookup{
-			SourceRegister: 1,
-			SetName:        ref.Out.Name,
-			SetID:          ref.Out.ID,
-		},
-	)
-	return exprs, nil
 }
 
 func (r *router) DeleteRouteRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
@@ -356,42 +440,54 @@ func (r *router) DeleteRouteRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("route rule %s has no handle", ruleKey)
 	}
 
-	setName := r.findSetNameInRule(nftRule)
-
 	if err := r.deleteNftRule(nftRule, ruleKey); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("delete: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if setName != "" {
-		if _, err := r.ipsetCounter.Decrement(setName); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("decrement ipset reference: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
 	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
 	}
 
+	if err := r.decrementSetCounter(nftRule); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("decrement set counter: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (r *router) createIpSet(setName string, sources []netip.Prefix) (*nftables.Set, error) {
+func (r *router) createIpSet(setName string, input setInput) (*nftables.Set, error) {
 	// overlapping prefixes will result in an error, so we need to merge them
-	sources = firewall.MergeIPRanges(sources)
+	prefixes := firewall.MergeIPRanges(input.prefixes)
 
-	set := &nftables.Set{
+	nfset := &nftables.Set{
 		Name:    setName,
+		Comment: input.set.Comment(),
 		Table:   r.workTable,
 		// required for prefixes
 		Interval: true,
 		KeyType:  nftables.TypeIPAddr,
 	}
 
+	elements := convertPrefixesToSet(prefixes)
+	if err := r.conn.AddSet(nfset, elements); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error adding elements to set %s: %w", setName, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("flush error: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Printf("Created new ipset: %s with %d elements", setName, len(elements)/2)
+
+	return nfset, nil
+}
+
+func convertPrefixesToSet(prefixes []netip.Prefix) []nftables.SetElement {
 	var elements []nftables.SetElement
-	for _, prefix := range sources {
+	for _, prefix := range prefixes {
 		// TODO: Implement IPv6 support
 		if prefix.Addr().Is6() {
-			log.Printf("Skipping IPv6 prefix %s: IPv6 support not yet implemented", prefix)
+			log.Tracef("skipping IPv6 prefix %s: IPv6 support not yet implemented", prefix)
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -407,18 +503,7 @@ func (r *router) createIpSet(setName string, sources []netip.Prefix) (*nftables.
 			nftables.SetElement{Key: lastIP.AsSlice(), IntervalEnd: true},
 		)
 	}
-
+	return elements
-	if err := r.conn.AddSet(set, elements); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error adding elements to set %s: %w", setName, err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("flush error: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	log.Printf("Created new ipset: %s with %d elements", setName, len(elements)/2)
-
-	return set, nil
 }
 
 // calculateLastIP determines the last IP in a given prefix.
@@ -442,8 +527,8 @@ func uint32ToBytes(ip uint32) [4]byte {
 	return b
 }
 
-func (r *router) deleteIpSet(setName string, set *nftables.Set) error {
+func (r *router) deleteIpSet(setName string, nfset *nftables.Set) error {
-	r.conn.DelSet(set)
+	r.conn.DelSet(nfset)
 	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
 	}
@@ -452,13 +537,27 @@ func (r *router) deleteIpSet(setName string, set *nftables.Set) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (r *router) findSetNameInRule(rule *nftables.Rule) string {
+func (r *router) decrementSetCounter(rule *nftables.Rule) error {
+	sets := r.findSets(rule)
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, setName := range sets {
+		if _, err := r.ipsetCounter.Decrement(setName); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("decrement set counter: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *router) findSets(rule *nftables.Rule) []string {
+	var sets []string
 	for _, e := range rule.Exprs {
 		if lookup, ok := e.(*expr.Lookup); ok {
-			return lookup.SetName
+			sets = append(sets, lookup.SetName)
 		}
 	}
-	return ""
+	return sets
 }
 
 func (r *router) deleteNftRule(rule *nftables.Rule, ruleKey string) error {
@@ -474,10 +573,6 @@ func (r *router) deleteNftRule(rule *nftables.Rule, ruleKey string) error {
 
 // AddNatRule appends a nftables rule pair to the nat chain
 func (r *router) AddNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	if err := r.ipFwdState.RequestForwarding(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
 	if err := r.refreshRulesMap(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf(refreshRulesMapError, err)
 	}
@@ -500,7 +595,8 @@ func (r *router) AddNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	}
 
 	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("nftables: insert rules for %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
+		// TODO: rollback ipset counter
+		return fmt.Errorf("insert rules for %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -508,8 +604,15 @@ func (r *router) AddNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 
 // addNatRule inserts a nftables rule to the conn client flush queue
 func (r *router) addNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	sourceExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(true, pair.Source)
+	sourceExp, err := r.applyNetwork(pair.Source, nil, true)
-	destExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(false, pair.Destination)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("apply source: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	destExp, err := r.applyNetwork(pair.Destination, nil, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("apply destination: %w", err)
+	}
 
 	op := expr.CmpOpEq
 	if pair.Inverse {
@@ -517,26 +620,6 @@ func (r *router) addNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	}
 
 	exprs := []expr.Any{
-		// We only care about NEW connections to mark them and later identify them in the postrouting chain for masquerading.
-		// Masquerading will take care of the conntrack state, which means we won't need to mark established connections.
-		&expr.Ct{
-			Key:      expr.CtKeySTATE,
-			Register: 1,
-		},
-		&expr.Bitwise{
-			SourceRegister: 1,
-			DestRegister:   1,
-			Len:            4,
-			Mask:           binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(expr.CtStateBitNEW),
-			Xor:            binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(0),
-		},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpNeq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     []byte{0, 0, 0, 0},
-		},
-
-		// interface matching
 		&expr.Meta{
 			Key:      expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME,
 			Register: 1,
@@ -547,6 +630,9 @@ func (r *router) addNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
 		},
 	}
+	// We only care about NEW connections to mark them and later identify them in the postrouting chain for masquerading.
+	// Masquerading will take care of the conntrack state, which means we won't need to mark established connections.
+	exprs = append(exprs, getCtNewExprs()...)
 
 	exprs = append(exprs, sourceExp...)
 	exprs = append(exprs, destExp...)
@@ -576,9 +662,11 @@ func (r *router) addNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	r.rules[ruleKey] = r.conn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
+	// Ensure nat rules come first, so the mark can be overwritten.
+	// Currently overwritten by the dst-type LOCAL rules for redirected traffic.
+	r.rules[ruleKey] = r.conn.InsertRule(&nftables.Rule{
 		Table:    r.workTable,
-		Chain:    r.chains[chainNamePrerouting],
+		Chain:    r.chains[chainNameManglePrerouting],
 		Exprs:    exprs,
 		UserData: []byte(ruleKey),
 	})
@@ -659,8 +747,15 @@ func (r *router) addPostroutingRules() error {
 
 // addLegacyRouteRule adds a legacy routing rule for mgmt servers pre route acls
 func (r *router) addLegacyRouteRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	sourceExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(true, pair.Source)
+	sourceExp, err := r.applyNetwork(pair.Source, nil, true)
-	destExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(false, pair.Destination)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("apply source: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	destExp, err := r.applyNetwork(pair.Destination, nil, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("apply destination: %w", err)
+	}
 
 	exprs := []expr.Any{
 		&expr.Counter{},
@@ -669,7 +764,8 @@ func (r *router) addLegacyRouteRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 		},
 	}
 
-	expression := append(sourceExp, append(destExp, exprs...)...) // nolint:gocritic
+	exprs = append(exprs, sourceExp...)
+	exprs = append(exprs, destExp...)
 
 	ruleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.ForwardingFormat, pair)
 
@@ -682,7 +778,7 @@ func (r *router) addLegacyRouteRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	r.rules[ruleKey] = r.conn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
 		Table:    r.workTable,
 		Chain:    r.chains[chainNameRoutingFw],
-		Exprs:    expression,
+		Exprs:    exprs,
 		UserData: []byte(ruleKey),
 	})
 	return nil
@@ -697,11 +793,13 @@ func (r *router) removeLegacyRouteRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("remove legacy forwarding rule %s -> %s: %v", pair.Source, pair.Destination, err)
 		}
 
-		log.Debugf("nftables: removed legacy forwarding rule %s -> %s", pair.Source, pair.Destination)
+		log.Debugf("removed legacy forwarding rule %s -> %s", pair.Source, pair.Destination)
 
 		delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
-	} else {
+
-		log.Debugf("nftables: legacy forwarding rule %s not found", ruleKey)
+		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("decrement set counter: %w", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -904,14 +1002,11 @@ func (r *router) removeAcceptForwardRulesIptables(ipt *iptables.IPTables) error
 
 // RemoveNatRule removes the prerouting mark rule
 func (r *router) RemoveNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	if err := r.ipFwdState.ReleaseForwarding(); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("%v", err)
-	}
-
 	if err := r.refreshRulesMap(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf(refreshRulesMapError, err)
 	}
 
+	if pair.Masquerade {
 		if err := r.removeNatRule(pair); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("remove prerouting rule: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -919,16 +1014,17 @@ func (r *router) RemoveNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 		if err := r.removeNatRule(firewall.GetInversePair(pair)); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("remove inverse prerouting rule: %w", err)
 		}
+	}
 
 	if err := r.removeLegacyRouteRule(pair); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("remove legacy routing rule: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("nftables: received error while applying rule removal for %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
+		// TODO: rollback set counter
+		return fmt.Errorf("remove nat rules rule %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
 	}
 
-	log.Debugf("nftables: removed nat rules for %s", pair.Destination)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -936,16 +1032,19 @@ func (r *router) removeNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	ruleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat, pair)
 
 	if rule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey]; exists {
-		err := r.conn.DelRule(rule)
+		if err := r.conn.DelRule(rule); err != nil {
-		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("remove prerouting rule %s -> %s: %v", pair.Source, pair.Destination, err)
 		}
 
-		log.Debugf("nftables: removed prerouting rule %s -> %s", pair.Source, pair.Destination)
+		log.Debugf("removed prerouting rule %s -> %s", pair.Source, pair.Destination)
 
 		delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
+
+		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("decrement set counter: %w", err)
+		}
 	} else {
-		log.Debugf("nftables: prerouting rule %s not found", ruleKey)
+		log.Debugf("prerouting rule %s not found", ruleKey)
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -957,7 +1056,7 @@ func (r *router) refreshRulesMap() error {
 	for _, chain := range r.chains {
 		rules, err := r.conn.GetRules(chain.Table, chain)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("nftables: unable to list rules: %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf(" unable to list rules: %v", err)
 		}
 		for _, rule := range rules {
 			if len(rule.UserData) > 0 {
@@ -1231,13 +1330,54 @@ func (r *router) DeleteDNATRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
-// generateCIDRMatcherExpressions generates nftables expressions that matches a CIDR
+func (r *router) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
-func generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(source bool, prefix netip.Prefix) []expr.Any {
+	nfset, err := r.conn.GetSetByName(r.workTable, set.HashedName())
-	var offset uint32
+	if err != nil {
-	if source {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get set %s: %w", set.HashedName(), err)
-		offset = 12 // src offset
+	}
-	} else {
+
-		offset = 16 // dst offset
+	elements := convertPrefixesToSet(prefixes)
+	if err := r.conn.SetAddElements(nfset, elements); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add elements to set %s: %w", set.HashedName(), err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("updated set %s with prefixes %v", set.HashedName(), prefixes)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// applyNetwork generates nftables expressions for networks (CIDR) or sets
+func (r *router) applyNetwork(
+	network firewall.Network,
+	setPrefixes []netip.Prefix,
+	isSource bool,
+) ([]expr.Any, error) {
+	if network.IsSet() {
+		exprs, err := r.getIpSet(network.Set, setPrefixes, isSource)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("source: %w", err)
+		}
+		return exprs, nil
+	}
+
+	if network.IsPrefix() {
+		return applyPrefix(network.Prefix, isSource), nil
+	}
+
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// applyPrefix generates nftables expressions for a CIDR prefix
+func applyPrefix(prefix netip.Prefix, isSource bool) []expr.Any {
+	// dst offset
+	offset := uint32(16)
+	if isSource {
+		// src offset
+		offset = 12
 	}
 
 	ones := prefix.Bits()
@@ -1324,3 +1464,48 @@ func applyPort(port *firewall.Port, isSource bool) []expr.Any {
 
 	return exprs
 }
+
+func getCtNewExprs() []expr.Any {
+	return []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Ct{
+			Key:      expr.CtKeySTATE,
+			Register: 1,
+		},
+		&expr.Bitwise{
+			SourceRegister: 1,
+			DestRegister:   1,
+			Len:            4,
+			Mask:           binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(expr.CtStateBitNEW),
+			Xor:            binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(0),
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpNeq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     []byte{0, 0, 0, 0},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func getIpSetExprs(ref refcounter.Ref[*nftables.Set], isSource bool) ([]expr.Any, error) {
+
+	// dst offset
+	offset := uint32(16)
+	if isSource {
+		// src offset
+		offset = 12
+	}
+
+	return []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Payload{
+			DestRegister: 1,
+			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseNetworkHeader,
+			Offset:       offset,
+			Len:          4,
+		},
+		&expr.Lookup{
+			SourceRegister: 1,
+			SetName:        ref.Out.Name,
+			SetID:          ref.Out.ID,
+		},
+	}, nil
+}

client/firewall/nftables/router_linux_test.go

@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ func TestNftablesManager_AddNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 
 				// Build CIDR matching expressions
-				sourceExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(true, testCase.InputPair.Source)
+				sourceExp := applyPrefix(testCase.InputPair.Source.Prefix, true)
-				destExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(false, testCase.InputPair.Destination)
+				destExp := applyPrefix(testCase.InputPair.Destination.Prefix, false)
 
 				// Combine all expressions in the correct order
 				// nolint:gocritic
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ func TestNftablesManager_AddNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 				natRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat, testCase.InputPair)
 				found := 0
 				for _, chain := range rtr.chains {
-					if chain.Name == chainNamePrerouting {
+					if chain.Name == chainNameManglePrerouting {
 						rules, err := nftablesTestingClient.GetRules(chain.Table, chain)
 						require.NoError(t, err, "should list rules for %s table and %s chain", chain.Table.Name, chain.Name)
 						for _, rule := range rules {
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ func TestNftablesManager_RemoveNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 			// Verify the rule was added
 			natRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat, testCase.InputPair)
 			found := false
-			rules, err := rtr.conn.GetRules(rtr.workTable, rtr.chains[chainNamePrerouting])
+			rules, err := rtr.conn.GetRules(rtr.workTable, rtr.chains[chainNameManglePrerouting])
 			require.NoError(t, err, "should list rules")
 			for _, rule := range rules {
 				if len(rule.UserData) > 0 && string(rule.UserData) == natRuleKey {
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ func TestNftablesManager_RemoveNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// Verify the rule was removed
 			found = false
-			rules, err = rtr.conn.GetRules(rtr.workTable, rtr.chains[chainNamePrerouting])
+			rules, err = rtr.conn.GetRules(rtr.workTable, rtr.chains[chainNameManglePrerouting])
 			require.NoError(t, err, "should list rules after removal")
 			for _, rule := range rules {
 				if len(rule.UserData) > 0 && string(rule.UserData) == natRuleKey {
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ func TestRouter_AddRouteFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			ruleKey, err := r.AddRouteFiltering(nil, tt.sources, tt.destination, tt.proto, tt.sPort, tt.dPort, tt.action)
+			ruleKey, err := r.AddRouteFiltering(nil, tt.sources, firewall.Network{Prefix: tt.destination}, tt.proto, tt.sPort, tt.dPort, tt.action)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "AddRouteFiltering failed")
 
 			t.Cleanup(func() {
@@ -441,8 +441,8 @@ func TestNftablesCreateIpSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			setName := firewall.GenerateSetName(tt.sources)
+			setName := firewall.NewPrefixSet(tt.sources).HashedName()
-			set, err := r.createIpSet(setName, tt.sources)
+			set, err := r.createIpSet(setName, setInput{prefixes: tt.sources})
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Logf("Failed to create IP set: %v", err)
 				printNftSets()

client/firewall/test/cases_linux.go

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ var (
 			Name: "Insert Forwarding IPV4 Rule",
 			InputPair: firewall.RouterPair{
 				ID:          "zxa",
-				Source:      netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.100.1/32"),
+				Source:      firewall.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.100.1/32")},
-				Destination: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.200.0/24"),
+				Destination: firewall.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.200.0/24")},
 				Masquerade:  false,
 			},
 		},
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ var (
 			Name: "Insert Forwarding And Nat IPV4 Rules",
 			InputPair: firewall.RouterPair{
 				ID:          "zxa",
-				Source:      netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.100.1/32"),
+				Source:      firewall.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.100.1/32")},
-				Destination: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.200.0/24"),
+				Destination: firewall.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.200.0/24")},
 				Masquerade:  true,
 			},
 		},
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ var (
 			Name: "Remove Forwarding And Nat IPV4 Rules",
 			InputPair: firewall.RouterPair{
 				ID:          "zxa",
-				Source:      netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.100.1/32"),
+				Source:      firewall.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.100.1/32")},
-				Destination: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.200.0/24"),
+				Destination: firewall.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.200.0/24")},
 				Masquerade:  true,
 			},
 		},

client/firewall/uspfilter/allow_netbird.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
 )
 
-// Reset firewall to the default state
+// Close cleans up the firewall manager by removing all rules and closing trackers
 func (m *Manager) Close(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()

client/firewall/uspfilter/allow_netbird_windows.go

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import (
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
 )
 
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ const (
 	firewallRuleName        = "Netbird"
 )
 
-// Reset firewall to the default state
+// Close cleans up the firewall manager by removing all rules and closing trackers
 func (m *Manager) Close(*statemanager.Manager) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
@@ -32,17 +31,14 @@ func (m *Manager) Close(*statemanager.Manager) error {
 
 	if m.udpTracker != nil {
 		m.udpTracker.Close()
-		m.udpTracker = conntrack.NewUDPTracker(conntrack.DefaultUDPTimeout, m.logger, m.flowLogger)
 	}
 
 	if m.icmpTracker != nil {
 		m.icmpTracker.Close()
-		m.icmpTracker = conntrack.NewICMPTracker(conntrack.DefaultICMPTimeout, m.logger, m.flowLogger)
 	}
 
 	if m.tcpTracker != nil {
 		m.tcpTracker.Close()
-		m.tcpTracker = conntrack.NewTCPTracker(conntrack.DefaultTCPTimeout, m.logger, m.flowLogger)
 	}
 
 	if fwder := m.forwarder.Load(); fwder != nil {

client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/icmp.go

@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ func (t *ICMPTracker) cleanup() {
 		if conn.timeoutExceeded(t.timeout) {
 			delete(t.connections, key)
 
-			t.logger.Debug("Removed ICMP connection %s (timeout) [in: %d Pkts/%d B out: %d Pkts/%d B]",
+			t.logger.Trace("Removed ICMP connection %s (timeout) [in: %d Pkts/%d B out: %d Pkts/%d B]",
 				key, conn.PacketsRx.Load(), conn.BytesRx.Load(), conn.PacketsTx.Load(), conn.BytesTx.Load())
 			t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, conn, nil)
 		}

client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/tcp.go

@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ const (
 )
 
 const (
-	TCPSyn  uint8 = 0x02
-	TCPAck  uint8 = 0x10
 	TCPFin  uint8 = 0x01
+	TCPSyn  uint8 = 0x02
 	TCPRst  uint8 = 0x04
 	TCPPush uint8 = 0x08
+	TCPAck  uint8 = 0x10
 	TCPUrg  uint8 = 0x20
 )
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ const (
 )
 
 // TCPState represents the state of a TCP connection
-type TCPState int
+type TCPState int32
 
 func (s TCPState) String() string {
 	switch s {
@@ -91,20 +91,23 @@ type TCPConnTrack struct {
 	BaseConnTrack
 	SourcePort uint16
 	DestPort   uint16
-	State       TCPState
+	state      atomic.Int32
-	established atomic.Bool
 	tombstone  atomic.Bool
-	sync.RWMutex
 }
 
-// IsEstablished safely checks if connection is established
+// GetState safely retrieves the current state
-func (t *TCPConnTrack) IsEstablished() bool {
+func (t *TCPConnTrack) GetState() TCPState {
-	return t.established.Load()
+	return TCPState(t.state.Load())
 }
 
-// SetEstablished safely sets the established state
+// SetState safely updates the current state
-func (t *TCPConnTrack) SetEstablished(state bool) {
+func (t *TCPConnTrack) SetState(state TCPState) {
-	t.established.Store(state)
+	t.state.Store(int32(state))
+}
+
+// CompareAndSwapState atomically changes the state from old to new if current == old
+func (t *TCPConnTrack) CompareAndSwapState(old, newState TCPState) bool {
+	return t.state.CompareAndSwap(int32(old), int32(newState))
 }
 
 // IsTombstone safely checks if the connection is marked for deletion
@@ -125,13 +128,17 @@ type TCPTracker struct {
 	cleanupTicker *time.Ticker
 	tickerCancel  context.CancelFunc
 	timeout       time.Duration
+	waitTimeout   time.Duration
 	flowLogger    nftypes.FlowLogger
 }
 
 // NewTCPTracker creates a new TCP connection tracker
 func NewTCPTracker(timeout time.Duration, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger) *TCPTracker {
+	waitTimeout := TimeWaitTimeout
 	if timeout == 0 {
 		timeout = DefaultTCPTimeout
+	} else {
+		waitTimeout = timeout / 45
 	}
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
@@ -142,6 +149,7 @@ func NewTCPTracker(timeout time.Duration, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftyp
 		cleanupTicker: time.NewTicker(TCPCleanupInterval),
 		tickerCancel:  cancel,
 		timeout:       timeout,
+		waitTimeout:   waitTimeout,
 		flowLogger:    flowLogger,
 	}
 
@@ -149,7 +157,7 @@ func NewTCPTracker(timeout time.Duration, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftyp
 	return tracker
 }
 
-func (t *TCPTracker) updateIfExists(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16, dstPort uint16, flags uint8, direction nftypes.Direction, size int) (ConnKey, bool) {
+func (t *TCPTracker) updateIfExists(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16, flags uint8, direction nftypes.Direction, size int) (ConnKey, bool) {
 	key := ConnKey{
 		SrcIP:   srcIP,
 		DstIP:   dstIP,
@@ -162,12 +170,7 @@ func (t *TCPTracker) updateIfExists(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort
 	t.mutex.RUnlock()
 
 	if exists {
-		conn.Lock()
+		t.updateState(key, conn, flags, direction, size)
-		t.updateState(key, conn, flags, conn.Direction == nftypes.Egress)
-		conn.Unlock()
-
-		conn.UpdateCounters(direction, size)
-
 		return key, true
 	}
 
@@ -175,7 +178,7 @@ func (t *TCPTracker) updateIfExists(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort
 }
 
 // TrackOutbound records an outbound TCP connection
-func (t *TCPTracker) TrackOutbound(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16, dstPort uint16, flags uint8, size int) {
+func (t *TCPTracker) TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16, flags uint8, size int) {
 	if _, exists := t.updateIfExists(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, flags, nftypes.Egress, size); !exists {
 		// if (inverted direction) conn is not tracked, track this direction
 		t.track(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, flags, nftypes.Egress, nil, size)
@@ -183,14 +186,14 @@ func (t *TCPTracker) TrackOutbound(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort u
 }
 
 // TrackInbound processes an inbound TCP packet and updates connection state
-func (t *TCPTracker) TrackInbound(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16, dstPort uint16, flags uint8, ruleID []byte, size int) {
+func (t *TCPTracker) TrackInbound(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16, flags uint8, ruleID []byte, size int) {
 	t.track(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, flags, nftypes.Ingress, ruleID, size)
 }
 
 // track is the common implementation for tracking both inbound and outbound connections
-func (t *TCPTracker) track(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16, dstPort uint16, flags uint8, direction nftypes.Direction, ruleID []byte, size int) {
+func (t *TCPTracker) track(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16, flags uint8, direction nftypes.Direction, ruleID []byte, size int) {
 	key, exists := t.updateIfExists(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, flags, direction, size)
-	if exists {
+	if exists || flags&TCPSyn == 0 {
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -205,12 +208,11 @@ func (t *TCPTracker) track(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16, d
 		DestPort:   dstPort,
 	}
 
-	conn.established.Store(false)
 	conn.tombstone.Store(false)
+	conn.state.Store(int32(TCPStateNew))
 
 	t.logger.Trace("New %s TCP connection: %s", direction, key)
-	t.updateState(key, conn, flags, direction == nftypes.Egress)
+	t.updateState(key, conn, flags, direction, size)
-	conn.UpdateCounters(direction, size)
 
 	t.mutex.Lock()
 	t.connections[key] = conn
@@ -220,7 +222,7 @@ func (t *TCPTracker) track(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16, d
 }
 
 // IsValidInbound checks if an inbound TCP packet matches a tracked connection
-func (t *TCPTracker) IsValidInbound(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16, dstPort uint16, flags uint8, size int) bool {
+func (t *TCPTracker) IsValidInbound(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16, flags uint8, size int) bool {
 	key := ConnKey{
 		SrcIP:   dstIP,
 		DstIP:   srcIP,
@@ -232,134 +234,125 @@ func (t *TCPTracker) IsValidInbound(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort
 	conn, exists := t.connections[key]
 	t.mutex.RUnlock()
 
-	if !exists {
+	if !exists || conn.IsTombstone() {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	// Handle RST flag specially - it always causes transition to closed
+	currentState := conn.GetState()
-	if flags&TCPRst != 0 {
+	if !t.isValidStateForFlags(currentState, flags) {
-		return t.handleRst(key, conn, size)
+		t.logger.Warn("TCP state %s is not valid with flags %x for connection %s", currentState, flags, key)
-	}
+		// allow all flags for established for now
-
+		if currentState == TCPStateEstablished {
-	conn.Lock()
-	t.updateState(key, conn, flags, false)
-	isEstablished := conn.IsEstablished()
-	isValidState := t.isValidStateForFlags(conn.State, flags)
-	conn.Unlock()
-	conn.UpdateCounters(nftypes.Ingress, size)
-
-	return isEstablished || isValidState
-}
-
-func (t *TCPTracker) handleRst(key ConnKey, conn *TCPConnTrack, size int) bool {
-	if conn.IsTombstone() {
 			return true
 		}
+		return false
+	}
 
-	conn.Lock()
+	t.updateState(key, conn, flags, nftypes.Ingress, size)
-	conn.SetTombstone()
-	conn.State = TCPStateClosed
-	conn.SetEstablished(false)
-	conn.Unlock()
-	conn.UpdateCounters(nftypes.Ingress, size)
-
-	t.logger.Trace("TCP connection reset: %s", key)
-	t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, conn, nil)
 	return true
 }
 
 // updateState updates the TCP connection state based on flags
-func (t *TCPTracker) updateState(key ConnKey, conn *TCPConnTrack, flags uint8, isOutbound bool) {
+func (t *TCPTracker) updateState(key ConnKey, conn *TCPConnTrack, flags uint8, packetDir nftypes.Direction, size int) {
 	conn.UpdateLastSeen()
+	conn.UpdateCounters(packetDir, size)
 
-	state := conn.State
+	currentState := conn.GetState()
-	defer func() {
+
-		if state != conn.State {
+	if flags&TCPRst != 0 {
-			t.logger.Trace("TCP connection %s transitioned from %s to %s", key, state, conn.State)
+		if conn.CompareAndSwapState(currentState, TCPStateClosed) {
+			conn.SetTombstone()
+			t.logger.Trace("TCP connection reset: %s (dir: %s) [in: %d Pkts/%d B, out: %d Pkts/%d B]",
+				key, packetDir, conn.PacketsRx.Load(), conn.BytesRx.Load(), conn.PacketsTx.Load(), conn.BytesTx.Load())
+			t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, conn, nil)
+		}
+		return
 	}
-	}()
 
-	switch state {
+	var newState TCPState
+	switch currentState {
 	case TCPStateNew:
 		if flags&TCPSyn != 0 && flags&TCPAck == 0 {
-			conn.State = TCPStateSynSent
+			if conn.Direction == nftypes.Egress {
+				newState = TCPStateSynSent
+			} else {
+				newState = TCPStateSynReceived
+			}
 		}
 
 	case TCPStateSynSent:
 		if flags&TCPSyn != 0 && flags&TCPAck != 0 {
-			if isOutbound {
+			if packetDir != conn.Direction {
-				conn.State = TCPStateEstablished
+				newState = TCPStateEstablished
-				conn.SetEstablished(true)
 			} else {
 				// Simultaneous open
-				conn.State = TCPStateSynReceived
+				newState = TCPStateSynReceived
 			}
 		}
 
 	case TCPStateSynReceived:
 		if flags&TCPAck != 0 && flags&TCPSyn == 0 {
-			conn.State = TCPStateEstablished
+			if packetDir == conn.Direction {
-			conn.SetEstablished(true)
+				newState = TCPStateEstablished
+			}
 		}
 
 	case TCPStateEstablished:
 		if flags&TCPFin != 0 {
-			if isOutbound {
+			if packetDir == conn.Direction {
-				conn.State = TCPStateFinWait1
+				newState = TCPStateFinWait1
 			} else {
-				conn.State = TCPStateCloseWait
+				newState = TCPStateCloseWait
 			}
-			conn.SetEstablished(false)
-		} else if flags&TCPRst != 0 {
-			conn.State = TCPStateClosed
-			conn.SetTombstone()
-			t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, conn, nil)
 		}
 
 	case TCPStateFinWait1:
+		if packetDir != conn.Direction {
 			switch {
 			case flags&TCPFin != 0 && flags&TCPAck != 0:
-			conn.State = TCPStateClosing
+				newState = TCPStateClosing
 			case flags&TCPFin != 0:
-			conn.State = TCPStateFinWait2
+				newState = TCPStateClosing
 			case flags&TCPAck != 0:
-			conn.State = TCPStateFinWait2
+				newState = TCPStateFinWait2
-		case flags&TCPRst != 0:
+			}
-			conn.State = TCPStateClosed
-			conn.SetTombstone()
-			t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, conn, nil)
 		}
 
 	case TCPStateFinWait2:
 		if flags&TCPFin != 0 {
-			conn.State = TCPStateTimeWait
+			newState = TCPStateTimeWait
-
-			t.logger.Trace("TCP connection %s completed", key)
-			t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, conn, nil)
 		}
 
 	case TCPStateClosing:
 		if flags&TCPAck != 0 {
-			conn.State = TCPStateTimeWait
+			newState = TCPStateTimeWait
-			// Keep established = false from previous state
-
-			t.logger.Trace("TCP connection %s closed (simultaneous)", key)
-			t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, conn, nil)
 		}
 
 	case TCPStateCloseWait:
 		if flags&TCPFin != 0 {
-			conn.State = TCPStateLastAck
+			newState = TCPStateLastAck
 		}
 
 	case TCPStateLastAck:
 		if flags&TCPAck != 0 {
-			conn.State = TCPStateClosed
+			newState = TCPStateClosed
-			conn.SetTombstone()
+		}
+	}
 
-			// Send close event for gracefully closed connections
+	if newState != 0 && conn.CompareAndSwapState(currentState, newState) {
+		t.logger.Trace("TCP connection %s transitioned from %s to %s (dir: %s)", key, currentState, newState, packetDir)
+
+		switch newState {
+		case TCPStateTimeWait:
+			t.logger.Trace("TCP connection %s completed [in: %d Pkts/%d B, out: %d Pkts/%d B]",
+				key, conn.PacketsRx.Load(), conn.BytesRx.Load(), conn.PacketsTx.Load(), conn.BytesTx.Load())
+			t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, conn, nil)
+
+		case TCPStateClosed:
+			conn.SetTombstone()
+			t.logger.Trace("TCP connection %s closed gracefully [in: %d Pkts/%d, B out: %d Pkts/%d B]",
+				key, conn.PacketsRx.Load(), conn.BytesRx.Load(), conn.PacketsTx.Load(), conn.BytesTx.Load())
 			t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, conn, nil)
-			t.logger.Trace("TCP connection %s closed gracefully", key)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -369,18 +362,22 @@ func (t *TCPTracker) isValidStateForFlags(state TCPState, flags uint8) bool {
 	if !isValidFlagCombination(flags) {
 		return false
 	}
+	if flags&TCPRst != 0 {
+		if state == TCPStateSynSent {
+			return flags&TCPAck != 0
+		}
+		return true
+	}
 
 	switch state {
 	case TCPStateNew:
 		return flags&TCPSyn != 0 && flags&TCPAck == 0
 	case TCPStateSynSent:
+		// TODO: support simultaneous open
 		return flags&TCPSyn != 0 && flags&TCPAck != 0
 	case TCPStateSynReceived:
 		return flags&TCPAck != 0
 	case TCPStateEstablished:
-		if flags&TCPRst != 0 {
-			return true
-		}
 		return flags&TCPAck != 0
 	case TCPStateFinWait1:
 		return flags&TCPFin != 0 || flags&TCPAck != 0
@@ -397,9 +394,7 @@ func (t *TCPTracker) isValidStateForFlags(state TCPState, flags uint8) bool {
 	case TCPStateLastAck:
 		return flags&TCPAck != 0
 	case TCPStateClosed:
-		// Accept retransmitted ACKs in closed state
+		// Accept retransmitted ACKs in closed state, the final ACK might be lost and the peer will retransmit their FIN-ACK
-		// This is important because the final ACK might be lost
-		// and the peer will retransmit their FIN-ACK
 		return flags&TCPAck != 0
 	}
 	return false
@@ -430,23 +425,24 @@ func (t *TCPTracker) cleanup() {
 		}
 
 		var timeout time.Duration
-		switch {
+		currentState := conn.GetState()
-		case conn.State == TCPStateTimeWait:
+		switch currentState {
-			timeout = TimeWaitTimeout
+		case TCPStateTimeWait:
-		case conn.IsEstablished():
+			timeout = t.waitTimeout
+		case TCPStateEstablished:
 			timeout = t.timeout
 		default:
 			timeout = TCPHandshakeTimeout
 		}
 
 		if conn.timeoutExceeded(timeout) {
-			// Return IPs to pool
 			delete(t.connections, key)
 
-			t.logger.Trace("Cleaned up timed-out TCP connection %s", key)
+			t.logger.Trace("Cleaned up timed-out TCP connection %s (%s) [in: %d Pkts/%d, B out: %d Pkts/%d B]",
+				key, conn.GetState(), conn.PacketsRx.Load(), conn.BytesRx.Load(), conn.PacketsTx.Load(), conn.BytesTx.Load())
 
 			// event already handled by state change
-			if conn.State != TCPStateTimeWait {
+			if currentState != TCPStateTimeWait {
 				t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, conn, nil)
 			}
 		}

client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/tcp_bench_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package conntrack
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func BenchmarkTCPTracker(b *testing.B) {
+	b.Run("TrackOutbound", func(b *testing.B) {
+		tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+		defer tracker.Close()
+
+		srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1")
+		dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.2")
+
+		b.ResetTimer()
+		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+			tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, uint16(i%65535), 80, TCPSyn, 0)
+		}
+	})
+
+	b.Run("IsValidInbound", func(b *testing.B) {
+		tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+		defer tracker.Close()
+
+		srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1")
+		dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.2")
+
+		// Pre-populate some connections
+		for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
+			tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, uint16(i), 80, TCPSyn, 0)
+		}
+
+		b.ResetTimer()
+		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+			tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, 80, uint16(i%1000), TCPAck|TCPSyn, 0)
+		}
+	})
+
+	b.Run("ConcurrentAccess", func(b *testing.B) {
+		tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+		defer tracker.Close()
+
+		srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1")
+		dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.2")
+
+		b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+			i := 0
+			for pb.Next() {
+				if i%2 == 0 {
+					tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, uint16(i%65535), 80, TCPSyn, 0)
+				} else {
+					tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, 80, uint16(i%65535), TCPAck|TCPSyn, 0)
+				}
+				i++
+			}
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+// Benchmark connection cleanup
+func BenchmarkCleanup(b *testing.B) {
+	b.Run("TCPCleanup", func(b *testing.B) {
+		tracker := NewTCPTracker(100*time.Millisecond, logger, flowLogger)
+		defer tracker.Close()
+
+		// Pre-populate with expired connections
+		srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1")
+		dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.2")
+		for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
+			tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, uint16(i), 80, TCPSyn, 0)
+		}
+
+		// Wait for connections to expire
+		time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+
+		b.ResetTimer()
+		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+			tracker.cleanup()
+		}
+	})
+}

client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/tcp_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
@@ -124,9 +125,6 @@ func TestTCPStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 					// Receive RST
 					valid := tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPRst, 0)
 					require.True(t, valid, "RST should be allowed for established connection")
-
-					// Connection is logically dead but we don't enforce blocking subsequent packets
-					// The connection will be cleaned up by timeout
 				},
 			},
 			{
@@ -217,97 +215,446 @@ func TestRSTHandling(t *testing.T) {
 			conn := tracker.connections[key]
 			if tt.wantValid {
 				require.NotNil(t, conn)
-				require.Equal(t, TCPStateClosed, conn.State)
+				require.Equal(t, TCPStateClosed, conn.GetState())
-				require.False(t, conn.IsEstablished())
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }
 
+func TestTCPRetransmissions(t *testing.T) {
+	tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+	defer tracker.Close()
+
+	srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+	dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2")
+	srcPort := uint16(12345)
+	dstPort := uint16(80)
+
+	// Test SYN retransmission
+	t.Run("SYN Retransmission", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Initial SYN
+		tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPSyn, 0)
+
+		// Retransmit SYN (should not affect the state machine)
+		tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPSyn, 0)
+
+		// Verify we're still in SYN-SENT state
+		key := ConnKey{
+			SrcIP:   srcIP,
+			DstIP:   dstIP,
+			SrcPort: srcPort,
+			DstPort: dstPort,
+		}
+		conn := tracker.connections[key]
+		require.NotNil(t, conn)
+		require.Equal(t, TCPStateSynSent, conn.GetState())
+
+		// Complete the handshake
+		valid := tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPSyn|TCPAck, 0)
+		require.True(t, valid)
+		tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPAck, 0)
+
+		// Verify we're in ESTABLISHED state
+		require.Equal(t, TCPStateEstablished, conn.GetState())
+	})
+
+	// Test ACK retransmission in established state
+	t.Run("ACK Retransmission", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tracker = NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+
+		// Establish connection
+		establishConnection(t, tracker, srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
+
+		// Get connection object
+		key := ConnKey{
+			SrcIP:   srcIP,
+			DstIP:   dstIP,
+			SrcPort: srcPort,
+			DstPort: dstPort,
+		}
+		conn := tracker.connections[key]
+		require.NotNil(t, conn)
+		require.Equal(t, TCPStateEstablished, conn.GetState())
+
+		// Retransmit ACK
+		tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPAck, 0)
+
+		// State should remain ESTABLISHED
+		require.Equal(t, TCPStateEstablished, conn.GetState())
+	})
+
+	// Test FIN retransmission
+	t.Run("FIN Retransmission", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tracker = NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+
+		// Establish connection
+		establishConnection(t, tracker, srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
+
+		// Get connection object
+		key := ConnKey{
+			SrcIP:   srcIP,
+			DstIP:   dstIP,
+			SrcPort: srcPort,
+			DstPort: dstPort,
+		}
+		conn := tracker.connections[key]
+		require.NotNil(t, conn)
+
+		// Send FIN
+		tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0)
+		require.Equal(t, TCPStateFinWait1, conn.GetState())
+
+		// Retransmit FIN (should not change state)
+		tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0)
+		require.Equal(t, TCPStateFinWait1, conn.GetState())
+
+		// Receive ACK for FIN
+		valid := tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPAck, 0)
+		require.True(t, valid)
+		require.Equal(t, TCPStateFinWait2, conn.GetState())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestTCPDataTransfer(t *testing.T) {
+	tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+	defer tracker.Close()
+
+	srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+	dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2")
+	srcPort := uint16(12345)
+	dstPort := uint16(80)
+
+	t.Run("Data Transfer", func(t *testing.T) {
+		establishConnection(t, tracker, srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
+
+		// Get connection object
+		key := ConnKey{
+			SrcIP:   srcIP,
+			DstIP:   dstIP,
+			SrcPort: srcPort,
+			DstPort: dstPort,
+		}
+		conn := tracker.connections[key]
+		require.NotNil(t, conn)
+
+		// Send data
+		tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPPush|TCPAck, 1000)
+
+		// Receive ACK for data
+		valid := tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPAck, 100)
+		require.True(t, valid)
+
+		// Receive data
+		valid = tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPPush|TCPAck, 1500)
+		require.True(t, valid)
+
+		// Send ACK for received data
+		tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPAck, 100)
+
+		// State should remain ESTABLISHED
+		require.Equal(t, TCPStateEstablished, conn.GetState())
+
+		assert.Equal(t, uint64(1300), conn.BytesTx.Load())
+		assert.Equal(t, uint64(1700), conn.BytesRx.Load())
+		assert.Equal(t, uint64(4), conn.PacketsTx.Load())
+		assert.Equal(t, uint64(3), conn.PacketsRx.Load())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestTCPHalfClosedConnections(t *testing.T) {
+	tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+	defer tracker.Close()
+
+	srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+	dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2")
+	srcPort := uint16(12345)
+	dstPort := uint16(80)
+
+	// Test half-closed connection: local end closes, remote end continues sending data
+	t.Run("Local Close, Remote Data", func(t *testing.T) {
+		establishConnection(t, tracker, srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
+
+		key := ConnKey{
+			SrcIP:   srcIP,
+			DstIP:   dstIP,
+			SrcPort: srcPort,
+			DstPort: dstPort,
+		}
+		conn := tracker.connections[key]
+		require.NotNil(t, conn)
+
+		// Send FIN
+		tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0)
+		require.Equal(t, TCPStateFinWait1, conn.GetState())
+
+		// Receive ACK for FIN
+		valid := tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPAck, 0)
+		require.True(t, valid)
+		require.Equal(t, TCPStateFinWait2, conn.GetState())
+
+		// Remote end can still send data
+		valid = tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPPush|TCPAck, 1000)
+		require.True(t, valid)
+
+		// We can still ACK their data
+		tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPAck, 0)
+
+		// Receive FIN from remote end
+		valid = tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0)
+		require.True(t, valid)
+		require.Equal(t, TCPStateTimeWait, conn.GetState())
+
+		// Send final ACK
+		tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPAck, 0)
+
+		// State should remain TIME-WAIT (waiting for possible retransmissions)
+		require.Equal(t, TCPStateTimeWait, conn.GetState())
+	})
+
+	// Test half-closed connection: remote end closes, local end continues sending data
+	t.Run("Remote Close, Local Data", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tracker = NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+
+		// Establish connection
+		establishConnection(t, tracker, srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
+
+		// Get connection object
+		key := ConnKey{
+			SrcIP:   srcIP,
+			DstIP:   dstIP,
+			SrcPort: srcPort,
+			DstPort: dstPort,
+		}
+		conn := tracker.connections[key]
+		require.NotNil(t, conn)
+
+		// Receive FIN from remote
+		valid := tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0)
+		require.True(t, valid)
+		require.Equal(t, TCPStateCloseWait, conn.GetState())
+
+		// We can still send data
+		tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPPush|TCPAck, 1000)
+
+		// Remote can still ACK our data
+		valid = tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPAck, 0)
+		require.True(t, valid)
+
+		// Send our FIN
+		tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0)
+		require.Equal(t, TCPStateLastAck, conn.GetState())
+
+		// Receive final ACK
+		valid = tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPAck, 0)
+		require.True(t, valid)
+		require.Equal(t, TCPStateClosed, conn.GetState())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestTCPAbnormalSequences(t *testing.T) {
+	tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+	defer tracker.Close()
+
+	srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+	dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2")
+	srcPort := uint16(12345)
+	dstPort := uint16(80)
+
+	// Test handling of unsolicited RST in various states
+	t.Run("Unsolicited RST in SYN-SENT", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Send SYN
+		tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPSyn, 0)
+
+		// Receive unsolicited RST (without proper ACK)
+		valid := tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPRst, 0)
+		require.False(t, valid, "RST without proper ACK in SYN-SENT should be rejected")
+
+		// Receive RST with proper ACK
+		valid = tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPRst|TCPAck, 0)
+		require.True(t, valid, "RST with proper ACK in SYN-SENT should be accepted")
+
+		key := ConnKey{
+			SrcIP:   srcIP,
+			DstIP:   dstIP,
+			SrcPort: srcPort,
+			DstPort: dstPort,
+		}
+		conn := tracker.connections[key]
+		require.Equal(t, TCPStateClosed, conn.GetState())
+		require.True(t, conn.IsTombstone())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestTCPTimeoutHandling(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create tracker with a very short timeout for testing
+	shortTimeout := 100 * time.Millisecond
+	tracker := NewTCPTracker(shortTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+	defer tracker.Close()
+
+	srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+	dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2")
+	srcPort := uint16(12345)
+	dstPort := uint16(80)
+
+	t.Run("Connection Timeout", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Establish a connection
+		establishConnection(t, tracker, srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
+
+		// Get connection object
+		key := ConnKey{
+			SrcIP:   srcIP,
+			DstIP:   dstIP,
+			SrcPort: srcPort,
+			DstPort: dstPort,
+		}
+		conn := tracker.connections[key]
+		require.NotNil(t, conn)
+		require.Equal(t, TCPStateEstablished, conn.GetState())
+
+		// Wait for the connection to timeout
+		time.Sleep(2 * shortTimeout)
+
+		// Force cleanup
+		tracker.cleanup()
+
+		// Connection should be removed
+		_, exists := tracker.connections[key]
+		require.False(t, exists, "Connection should be removed after timeout")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("TIME_WAIT Timeout", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tracker = NewTCPTracker(shortTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+
+		establishConnection(t, tracker, srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
+
+		key := ConnKey{
+			SrcIP:   srcIP,
+			DstIP:   dstIP,
+			SrcPort: srcPort,
+			DstPort: dstPort,
+		}
+		conn := tracker.connections[key]
+		require.NotNil(t, conn)
+
+		// Complete the connection close to enter TIME_WAIT
+		tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0)
+		tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPAck, 0)
+		tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0)
+		tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPAck, 0)
+
+		require.Equal(t, TCPStateTimeWait, conn.GetState())
+
+		// TIME_WAIT should have its own timeout value (usually 2*MSL)
+		// For the test, we're using a short timeout
+		time.Sleep(2 * shortTimeout)
+
+		tracker.cleanup()
+
+		// Connection should be removed
+		_, exists := tracker.connections[key]
+		require.False(t, exists, "Connection should be removed after TIME_WAIT timeout")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSynFlood(t *testing.T) {
+	tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+	defer tracker.Close()
+
+	srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+	dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2")
+	basePort := uint16(10000)
+	dstPort := uint16(80)
+
+	// Create a large number of SYN packets to simulate a SYN flood
+	for i := uint16(0); i < 1000; i++ {
+		tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, basePort+i, dstPort, TCPSyn, 0)
+	}
+
+	// Check that we're tracking all connections
+	require.Equal(t, 1000, len(tracker.connections))
+
+	// Now simulate SYN timeout
+	var oldConns int
+	tracker.mutex.Lock()
+	for _, conn := range tracker.connections {
+		if conn.GetState() == TCPStateSynSent {
+			// Make the connection appear old
+			conn.lastSeen.Store(time.Now().Add(-TCPHandshakeTimeout - time.Second).UnixNano())
+			oldConns++
+		}
+	}
+	tracker.mutex.Unlock()
+	require.Equal(t, 1000, oldConns)
+
+	// Run cleanup
+	tracker.cleanup()
+
+	// Check that stale connections were cleaned up
+	require.Equal(t, 0, len(tracker.connections))
+}
+
+func TestTCPInboundInitiatedConnection(t *testing.T) {
+	tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+	defer tracker.Close()
+
+	clientIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+	serverIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2")
+	clientPort := uint16(12345)
+	serverPort := uint16(80)
+
+	// 1. Client sends SYN (we receive it as inbound)
+	tracker.TrackInbound(clientIP, serverIP, clientPort, serverPort, TCPSyn, nil, 100)
+
+	key := ConnKey{
+		SrcIP:   clientIP,
+		DstIP:   serverIP,
+		SrcPort: clientPort,
+		DstPort: serverPort,
+	}
+
+	tracker.mutex.RLock()
+	conn := tracker.connections[key]
+	tracker.mutex.RUnlock()
+
+	require.NotNil(t, conn)
+	require.Equal(t, TCPStateSynReceived, conn.GetState(), "Connection should be in SYN-RECEIVED state after inbound SYN")
+
+	// 2. Server sends SYN-ACK response
+	tracker.TrackOutbound(serverIP, clientIP, serverPort, clientPort, TCPSyn|TCPAck, 100)
+
+	// 3. Client sends ACK to complete handshake
+	tracker.TrackInbound(clientIP, serverIP, clientPort, serverPort, TCPAck, nil, 100)
+	require.Equal(t, TCPStateEstablished, conn.GetState(), "Connection should be ESTABLISHED after handshake completion")
+
+	// 4. Test data transfer
+	// Client sends data
+	tracker.TrackInbound(clientIP, serverIP, clientPort, serverPort, TCPPush|TCPAck, nil, 1000)
+
+	// Server sends ACK for data
+	tracker.TrackOutbound(serverIP, clientIP, serverPort, clientPort, TCPAck, 100)
+
+	// Server sends data
+	tracker.TrackOutbound(serverIP, clientIP, serverPort, clientPort, TCPPush|TCPAck, 1500)
+
+	// Client sends ACK for data
+	tracker.TrackInbound(clientIP, serverIP, clientPort, serverPort, TCPAck, nil, 100)
+
+	// Verify state and counters
+	require.Equal(t, TCPStateEstablished, conn.GetState())
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(1300), conn.BytesRx.Load()) // 3 packets * 100 + 1000 data
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(1700), conn.BytesTx.Load()) // 2 packets * 100 + 1500 data
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(4), conn.PacketsRx.Load())  // SYN, ACK, Data
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(3), conn.PacketsTx.Load())  // SYN-ACK, Data
+}
+
 // Helper to establish a TCP connection
 func establishConnection(t *testing.T, tracker *TCPTracker, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPSyn, 0)
+	tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPSyn, 100)
 
-	valid := tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPSyn|TCPAck, 0)
+	valid := tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPSyn|TCPAck, 100)
 	require.True(t, valid, "SYN-ACK should be allowed")
 
-	tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPAck, 0)
+	tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPAck, 100)
-}
-
-func BenchmarkTCPTracker(b *testing.B) {
-	b.Run("TrackOutbound", func(b *testing.B) {
-		tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
-		defer tracker.Close()
-
-		srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1")
-		dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.2")
-
-		b.ResetTimer()
-		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-			tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, uint16(i%65535), 80, TCPSyn, 0)
-		}
-	})
-
-	b.Run("IsValidInbound", func(b *testing.B) {
-		tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
-		defer tracker.Close()
-
-		srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1")
-		dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.2")
-
-		// Pre-populate some connections
-		for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
-			tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, uint16(i), 80, TCPSyn, 0)
-		}
-
-		b.ResetTimer()
-		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-			tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, 80, uint16(i%1000), TCPAck, 0)
-		}
-	})
-
-	b.Run("ConcurrentAccess", func(b *testing.B) {
-		tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
-		defer tracker.Close()
-
-		srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1")
-		dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.2")
-
-		b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
-			i := 0
-			for pb.Next() {
-				if i%2 == 0 {
-					tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, uint16(i%65535), 80, TCPSyn, 0)
-				} else {
-					tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, 80, uint16(i%65535), TCPAck, 0)
-				}
-				i++
-			}
-		})
-	})
-}
-
-// Benchmark connection cleanup
-func BenchmarkCleanup(b *testing.B) {
-	b.Run("TCPCleanup", func(b *testing.B) {
-		tracker := NewTCPTracker(100*time.Millisecond, logger, flowLogger) // Short timeout for testing
-		defer tracker.Close()
-
-		// Pre-populate with expired connections
-		srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1")
-		dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.2")
-		for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
-			tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, uint16(i), 80, TCPSyn, 0)
-		}
-
-		// Wait for connections to expire
-		time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
-
-		b.ResetTimer()
-		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-			tracker.cleanup()
-		}
-	})
 }

client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/udp.go

@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ func (t *UDPTracker) cleanup() {
 		if conn.timeoutExceeded(t.timeout) {
 			delete(t.connections, key)
 
-			t.logger.Trace("Removed UDP connection %s (timeout) [in: %d Pkts/%d B out: %d Pkts/%d B]",
+			t.logger.Trace("Removed UDP connection %s (timeout) [in: %d Pkts/%d B, out: %d Pkts/%d B]",
 				key, conn.PacketsRx.Load(), conn.BytesRx.Load(), conn.PacketsTx.Load(), conn.BytesTx.Load())
 			t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, conn, nil)
 		}

client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/forwarder.go

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"runtime"
+	"sync"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/buffer"
@@ -17,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/udp"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/common"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack"
 	nblog "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/log"
 	nftypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/types"
 )
@@ -31,12 +34,14 @@ const (
 type Forwarder struct {
 	logger     *nblog.Logger
 	flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger
+	// ruleIdMap is used to store the rule ID for a given connection
+	ruleIdMap    sync.Map
 	stack        *stack.Stack
 	endpoint     *endpoint
 	udpForwarder *udpForwarder
 	ctx          context.Context
 	cancel       context.CancelFunc
-	ip           net.IP
+	ip           tcpip.Address
 	netstack     bool
 }
 
@@ -66,12 +71,11 @@ func New(iface common.IFaceMapper, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftypes.Flow
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create NIC: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	ones, _ := iface.Address().Network.Mask.Size()
 	protoAddr := tcpip.ProtocolAddress{
 		Protocol: ipv4.ProtocolNumber,
 		AddressWithPrefix: tcpip.AddressWithPrefix{
-			Address:   tcpip.AddrFromSlice(iface.Address().IP.To4()),
+			Address:   tcpip.AddrFromSlice(iface.Address().IP.AsSlice()),
-			PrefixLen: ones,
+			PrefixLen: iface.Address().Network.Bits(),
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -111,7 +115,7 @@ func New(iface common.IFaceMapper, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftypes.Flow
 		ctx:          ctx,
 		cancel:       cancel,
 		netstack:     netstack,
-		ip:           iface.Address().IP,
+		ip:           tcpip.AddrFromSlice(iface.Address().IP.AsSlice()),
 	}
 
 	receiveWindow := defaultReceiveWindow
@@ -162,8 +166,39 @@ func (f *Forwarder) Stop() {
 }
 
 func (f *Forwarder) determineDialAddr(addr tcpip.Address) net.IP {
-	if f.netstack && f.ip.Equal(addr.AsSlice()) {
+	if f.netstack && f.ip.Equal(addr) {
 		return net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1)
 	}
 	return addr.AsSlice()
 }
+
+func (f *Forwarder) RegisterRuleID(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16, ruleID []byte) {
+	key := buildKey(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
+	f.ruleIdMap.LoadOrStore(key, ruleID)
+}
+
+func (f *Forwarder) getRuleID(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16) ([]byte, bool) {
+	if value, ok := f.ruleIdMap.Load(buildKey(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)); ok {
+		return value.([]byte), true
+	} else if value, ok := f.ruleIdMap.Load(buildKey(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort)); ok {
+		return value.([]byte), true
+	}
+
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+func (f *Forwarder) DeleteRuleID(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16) {
+	if _, ok := f.ruleIdMap.LoadAndDelete(buildKey(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)); ok {
+		return
+	}
+	f.ruleIdMap.LoadAndDelete(buildKey(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort))
+}
+
+func buildKey(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16) conntrack.ConnKey {
+	return conntrack.ConnKey{
+		SrcIP:   srcIP,
+		DstIP:   dstIP,
+		SrcPort: srcPort,
+		DstPort: dstPort,
+	}
+}

client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/icmp.go

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleICMP(id stack.TransportEndpointID, pkt stack.PacketBuf
 	}
 
 	flowID := uuid.New()
-	f.sendICMPEvent(nftypes.TypeStart, flowID, id, icmpType, icmpCode)
+	f.sendICMPEvent(nftypes.TypeStart, flowID, id, icmpType, icmpCode, 0, 0)
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(f.ctx, 5*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleICMP(id stack.TransportEndpointID, pkt stack.PacketBuf
 	// TODO: support non-root
 	conn, err := lc.ListenPacket(ctx, "ip4:icmp", "0.0.0.0")
 	if err != nil {
-		f.logger.Error("Failed to create ICMP socket for %v: %v", epID(id), err)
+		f.logger.Error("forwarder: Failed to create ICMP socket for %v: %v", epID(id), err)
 
 		// This will make netstack reply on behalf of the original destination, that's ok for now
 		return false
 	}
 	defer func() {
 		if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
-			f.logger.Debug("Failed to close ICMP socket: %v", err)
+			f.logger.Debug("forwarder: Failed to close ICMP socket: %v", err)
 		}
 	}()
 
@@ -52,36 +52,37 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleICMP(id stack.TransportEndpointID, pkt stack.PacketBuf
 	payload := fullPacket.AsSlice()
 
 	if _, err = conn.WriteTo(payload, dst); err != nil {
-		f.logger.Error("Failed to write ICMP packet for %v: %v", epID(id), err)
+		f.logger.Error("forwarder: Failed to write ICMP packet for %v: %v", epID(id), err)
 		return true
 	}
 
-	f.logger.Trace("Forwarded ICMP packet %v type %v code %v",
+	f.logger.Trace("forwarder: Forwarded ICMP packet %v type %v code %v",
 		epID(id), icmpHdr.Type(), icmpHdr.Code())
 
 	// For Echo Requests, send and handle response
 	if header.ICMPv4Type(icmpType) == header.ICMPv4Echo {
-		f.handleEchoResponse(icmpHdr, conn, id)
+		rxBytes := pkt.Size()
-		f.sendICMPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, flowID, id, icmpType, icmpCode)
+		txBytes := f.handleEchoResponse(icmpHdr, conn, id)
+		f.sendICMPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, flowID, id, icmpType, icmpCode, uint64(rxBytes), uint64(txBytes))
 	}
 
 	// For other ICMP types (Time Exceeded, Destination Unreachable, etc) do nothing
 	return true
 }
 
-func (f *Forwarder) handleEchoResponse(icmpHdr header.ICMPv4, conn net.PacketConn, id stack.TransportEndpointID) {
+func (f *Forwarder) handleEchoResponse(icmpHdr header.ICMPv4, conn net.PacketConn, id stack.TransportEndpointID) int {
 	if err := conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second)); err != nil {
-		f.logger.Error("Failed to set read deadline for ICMP response: %v", err)
+		f.logger.Error("forwarder: Failed to set read deadline for ICMP response: %v", err)
-		return
+		return 0
 	}
 
 	response := make([]byte, f.endpoint.mtu)
 	n, _, err := conn.ReadFrom(response)
 	if err != nil {
 		if !isTimeout(err) {
-			f.logger.Error("Failed to read ICMP response: %v", err)
+			f.logger.Error("forwarder: Failed to read ICMP response: %v", err)
 		}
-		return
+		return 0
 	}
 
 	ipHdr := make([]byte, header.IPv4MinimumSize)
@@ -100,28 +101,54 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleEchoResponse(icmpHdr header.ICMPv4, conn net.PacketCon
 	fullPacket = append(fullPacket, response[:n]...)
 
 	if err := f.InjectIncomingPacket(fullPacket); err != nil {
-		f.logger.Error("Failed to inject ICMP response: %v", err)
+		f.logger.Error("forwarder: Failed to inject ICMP response: %v", err)
 
-		return
+		return 0
 	}
 
-	f.logger.Trace("Forwarded ICMP echo reply for %v type %v code %v",
+	f.logger.Trace("forwarder: Forwarded ICMP echo reply for %v type %v code %v",
 		epID(id), icmpHdr.Type(), icmpHdr.Code())
+
+	return len(fullPacket)
 }
 
 // sendICMPEvent stores flow events for ICMP packets
-func (f *Forwarder) sendICMPEvent(typ nftypes.Type, flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndpointID, icmpType, icmpCode uint8) {
+func (f *Forwarder) sendICMPEvent(typ nftypes.Type, flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndpointID, icmpType, icmpCode uint8, rxBytes, txBytes uint64) {
-	f.flowLogger.StoreEvent(nftypes.EventFields{
+	var rxPackets, txPackets uint64
+	if rxBytes > 0 {
+		rxPackets = 1
+	}
+	if txBytes > 0 {
+		txPackets = 1
+	}
+
+	srcIp := netip.AddrFrom4(id.RemoteAddress.As4())
+	dstIp := netip.AddrFrom4(id.LocalAddress.As4())
+
+	fields := nftypes.EventFields{
 		FlowID:    flowID,
 		Type:      typ,
 		Direction: nftypes.Ingress,
 		Protocol:  nftypes.ICMP,
 		// TODO: handle ipv6
-		SourceIP: netip.AddrFrom4(id.RemoteAddress.As4()),
+		SourceIP: srcIp,
-		DestIP:   netip.AddrFrom4(id.LocalAddress.As4()),
+		DestIP:   dstIp,
 		ICMPType: icmpType,
 		ICMPCode: icmpCode,
 
-		// TODO: get packets/bytes
+		RxBytes:   rxBytes,
-	})
+		TxBytes:   txBytes,
+		RxPackets: rxPackets,
+		TxPackets: txPackets,
+	}
+
+	if typ == nftypes.TypeStart {
+		if ruleId, ok := f.getRuleID(srcIp, dstIp, id.RemotePort, id.LocalPort); ok {
+			fields.RuleID = ruleId
+		}
+	} else {
+		f.DeleteRuleID(srcIp, dstIp, id.RemotePort, id.LocalPort)
+	}
+
+	f.flowLogger.StoreEvent(fields)
 }

client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/tcp.go

@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
+	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
+
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/adapters/gonet"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/stack"
@@ -23,11 +25,11 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleTCP(r *tcp.ForwarderRequest) {
 
 	flowID := uuid.New()
 
-	f.sendTCPEvent(nftypes.TypeStart, flowID, id, nil)
+	f.sendTCPEvent(nftypes.TypeStart, flowID, id, 0, 0, 0, 0)
 	var success bool
 	defer func() {
 		if !success {
-			f.sendTCPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, flowID, id, nil)
+			f.sendTCPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, flowID, id, 0, 0, 0, 0)
 		}
 	}()
 
@@ -65,67 +67,97 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleTCP(r *tcp.ForwarderRequest) {
 }
 
 func (f *Forwarder) proxyTCP(id stack.TransportEndpointID, inConn *gonet.TCPConn, outConn net.Conn, ep tcpip.Endpoint, flowID uuid.UUID) {
-	defer func() {
-		if err := inConn.Close(); err != nil {
-			f.logger.Debug("forwarder: inConn close error: %v", err)
-		}
-		if err := outConn.Close(); err != nil {
-			f.logger.Debug("forwarder: outConn close error: %v", err)
-		}
-		ep.Close()
 
-		f.sendTCPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, flowID, id, ep)
-	}()
-
-	// Create context for managing the proxy goroutines
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(f.ctx)
 	defer cancel()
 
-	errChan := make(chan error, 2)
+	go func() {
+		<-ctx.Done()
+		// Close connections and endpoint.
+		if err := inConn.Close(); err != nil && !isClosedError(err) {
+			f.logger.Debug("forwarder: inConn close error: %v", err)
+		}
+		if err := outConn.Close(); err != nil && !isClosedError(err) {
+			f.logger.Debug("forwarder: outConn close error: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		ep.Close()
+	}()
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(2)
+
+	var (
+		bytesFromInToOut int64 // bytes from client to server (tx for client)
+		bytesFromOutToIn int64 // bytes from server to client (rx for client)
+		errInToOut       error
+		errOutToIn       error
+	)
 
 	go func() {
-		_, err := io.Copy(outConn, inConn)
+		bytesFromInToOut, errInToOut = io.Copy(outConn, inConn)
-		errChan <- err
+		cancel()
+		wg.Done()
 	}()
 
 	go func() {
-		_, err := io.Copy(inConn, outConn)
+
-		errChan <- err
+		bytesFromOutToIn, errOutToIn = io.Copy(inConn, outConn)
+		cancel()
+		wg.Done()
 	}()
 
-	select {
+	wg.Wait()
-	case <-ctx.Done():
+
-		f.logger.Trace("forwarder: tearing down TCP connection %v due to context done", epID(id))
+	if errInToOut != nil {
-		return
+		if !isClosedError(errInToOut) {
-	case err := <-errChan:
+			f.logger.Error("proxyTCP: copy error (in -> out) for %s: %v", epID(id), errInToOut)
-		if err != nil && !isClosedError(err) {
-			f.logger.Error("proxyTCP: copy error: %v", err)
 		}
-		f.logger.Trace("forwarder: tearing down TCP connection %v", epID(id))
+	}
-		return
+	if errOutToIn != nil {
+		if !isClosedError(errOutToIn) {
+			f.logger.Error("proxyTCP: copy error (out -> in) for %s: %v", epID(id), errOutToIn)
 		}
 	}
 
-func (f *Forwarder) sendTCPEvent(typ nftypes.Type, flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndpointID, ep tcpip.Endpoint) {
+	var rxPackets, txPackets uint64
+	if tcpStats, ok := ep.Stats().(*tcp.Stats); ok {
+		// fields are flipped since this is the in conn
+		rxPackets = tcpStats.SegmentsSent.Value()
+		txPackets = tcpStats.SegmentsReceived.Value()
+	}
+
+	f.logger.Trace("forwarder: Removed TCP connection %s [in: %d Pkts/%d B, out: %d Pkts/%d B]", epID(id), rxPackets, bytesFromOutToIn, txPackets, bytesFromInToOut)
+
+	f.sendTCPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, flowID, id, uint64(bytesFromOutToIn), uint64(bytesFromInToOut), rxPackets, txPackets)
+}
+
+func (f *Forwarder) sendTCPEvent(typ nftypes.Type, flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndpointID, rxBytes, txBytes, rxPackets, txPackets uint64) {
+	srcIp := netip.AddrFrom4(id.RemoteAddress.As4())
+	dstIp := netip.AddrFrom4(id.LocalAddress.As4())
+
 	fields := nftypes.EventFields{
 		FlowID:    flowID,
 		Type:      typ,
 		Direction: nftypes.Ingress,
 		Protocol:  nftypes.TCP,
 		// TODO: handle ipv6
-		SourceIP:   netip.AddrFrom4(id.RemoteAddress.As4()),
+		SourceIP:   srcIp,
-		DestIP:     netip.AddrFrom4(id.LocalAddress.As4()),
+		DestIP:     dstIp,
 		SourcePort: id.RemotePort,
 		DestPort:   id.LocalPort,
+		RxBytes:    rxBytes,
+		TxBytes:    txBytes,
+		RxPackets:  rxPackets,
+		TxPackets:  txPackets,
 	}
 
-	if ep != nil {
+	if typ == nftypes.TypeStart {
-		if tcpStats, ok := ep.Stats().(*tcp.Stats); ok {
+		if ruleId, ok := f.getRuleID(srcIp, dstIp, id.RemotePort, id.LocalPort); ok {
-			// fields are flipped since this is the in conn
+			fields.RuleID = ruleId
-			// TODO: get bytes
-			fields.RxPackets = tcpStats.SegmentsSent.Value()
-			fields.TxPackets = tcpStats.SegmentsReceived.Value()
 		}
+	} else {
+		f.DeleteRuleID(srcIp, dstIp, id.RemotePort, id.LocalPort)
 	}
 
 	f.flowLogger.StoreEvent(fields)

client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/udp.go

@@ -149,11 +149,11 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleUDP(r *udp.ForwarderRequest) {
 
 	flowID := uuid.New()
 
-	f.sendUDPEvent(nftypes.TypeStart, flowID, id, nil)
+	f.sendUDPEvent(nftypes.TypeStart, flowID, id, 0, 0, 0, 0)
 	var success bool
 	defer func() {
 		if !success {
-			f.sendUDPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, flowID, id, nil)
+			f.sendUDPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, flowID, id, 0, 0, 0, 0)
 		}
 	}()
 
@@ -199,7 +199,6 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleUDP(r *udp.ForwarderRequest) {
 		if err := outConn.Close(); err != nil {
 			f.logger.Debug("forwarder: UDP outConn close error for %v: %v", epID(id), err)
 		}
-
 		return
 	}
 	f.udpForwarder.conns[id] = pConn
@@ -212,68 +211,94 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleUDP(r *udp.ForwarderRequest) {
 }
 
 func (f *Forwarder) proxyUDP(ctx context.Context, pConn *udpPacketConn, id stack.TransportEndpointID, ep tcpip.Endpoint) {
-	defer func() {
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(f.ctx)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	go func() {
+		<-ctx.Done()
+
 		pConn.cancel()
-		if err := pConn.conn.Close(); err != nil {
+		if err := pConn.conn.Close(); err != nil && !isClosedError(err) {
 			f.logger.Debug("forwarder: UDP inConn close error for %v: %v", epID(id), err)
 		}
-		if err := pConn.outConn.Close(); err != nil {
+		if err := pConn.outConn.Close(); err != nil && !isClosedError(err) {
 			f.logger.Debug("forwarder: UDP outConn close error for %v: %v", epID(id), err)
 		}
 
 		ep.Close()
+	}()
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(2)
+
+	var txBytes, rxBytes int64
+	var outboundErr, inboundErr error
+
+	// outbound->inbound: copy from pConn.conn to pConn.outConn
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		txBytes, outboundErr = pConn.copy(ctx, pConn.conn, pConn.outConn, &f.udpForwarder.bufPool, "outbound->inbound")
+	}()
+
+	// inbound->outbound: copy from pConn.outConn to pConn.conn
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		rxBytes, inboundErr = pConn.copy(ctx, pConn.outConn, pConn.conn, &f.udpForwarder.bufPool, "inbound->outbound")
+	}()
+
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	if outboundErr != nil && !isClosedError(outboundErr) {
+		f.logger.Error("proxyUDP: copy error (outbound->inbound) for %s: %v", epID(id), outboundErr)
+	}
+	if inboundErr != nil && !isClosedError(inboundErr) {
+		f.logger.Error("proxyUDP: copy error (inbound->outbound) for %s: %v", epID(id), inboundErr)
+	}
+
+	var rxPackets, txPackets uint64
+	if udpStats, ok := ep.Stats().(*tcpip.TransportEndpointStats); ok {
+		// fields are flipped since this is the in conn
+		rxPackets = udpStats.PacketsSent.Value()
+		txPackets = udpStats.PacketsReceived.Value()
+	}
+
+	f.logger.Trace("forwarder: Removed UDP connection %s [in: %d Pkts/%d B, out: %d Pkts/%d B]", epID(id), rxPackets, rxBytes, txPackets, txBytes)
 
 	f.udpForwarder.Lock()
 	delete(f.udpForwarder.conns, id)
 	f.udpForwarder.Unlock()
 
-		f.sendUDPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, pConn.flowID, id, ep)
+	f.sendUDPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, pConn.flowID, id, uint64(rxBytes), uint64(txBytes), rxPackets, txPackets)
-	}()
-
-	errChan := make(chan error, 2)
-
-	go func() {
-		errChan <- pConn.copy(ctx, pConn.conn, pConn.outConn, &f.udpForwarder.bufPool, "outbound->inbound")
-	}()
-
-	go func() {
-		errChan <- pConn.copy(ctx, pConn.outConn, pConn.conn, &f.udpForwarder.bufPool, "inbound->outbound")
-	}()
-
-	select {
-	case <-ctx.Done():
-		f.logger.Trace("forwarder: tearing down UDP connection %v due to context done", epID(id))
-		return
-	case err := <-errChan:
-		if err != nil && !isClosedError(err) {
-			f.logger.Error("proxyUDP: copy error: %v", err)
-		}
-		f.logger.Trace("forwarder: tearing down UDP connection %v", epID(id))
-		return
-	}
 }
 
 // sendUDPEvent stores flow events for UDP connections
-func (f *Forwarder) sendUDPEvent(typ nftypes.Type, flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndpointID, ep tcpip.Endpoint) {
+func (f *Forwarder) sendUDPEvent(typ nftypes.Type, flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndpointID, rxBytes, txBytes, rxPackets, txPackets uint64) {
+	srcIp := netip.AddrFrom4(id.RemoteAddress.As4())
+	dstIp := netip.AddrFrom4(id.LocalAddress.As4())
+
 	fields := nftypes.EventFields{
 		FlowID:    flowID,
 		Type:      typ,
 		Direction: nftypes.Ingress,
 		Protocol:  nftypes.UDP,
 		// TODO: handle ipv6
-		SourceIP:   netip.AddrFrom4(id.RemoteAddress.As4()),
+		SourceIP:   srcIp,
-		DestIP:     netip.AddrFrom4(id.LocalAddress.As4()),
+		DestIP:     dstIp,
 		SourcePort: id.RemotePort,
 		DestPort:   id.LocalPort,
+		RxBytes:    rxBytes,
+		TxBytes:    txBytes,
+		RxPackets:  rxPackets,
+		TxPackets:  txPackets,
 	}
 
-	if ep != nil {
+	if typ == nftypes.TypeStart {
-		if tcpStats, ok := ep.Stats().(*tcpip.TransportEndpointStats); ok {
+		if ruleId, ok := f.getRuleID(srcIp, dstIp, id.RemotePort, id.LocalPort); ok {
-			// fields are flipped since this is the in conn
+			fields.RuleID = ruleId
-			// TODO: get bytes
-			fields.RxPackets = tcpStats.PacketsSent.Value()
-			fields.TxPackets = tcpStats.PacketsReceived.Value()
 		}
+	} else {
+		f.DeleteRuleID(srcIp, dstIp, id.RemotePort, id.LocalPort)
 	}
 
 	f.flowLogger.StoreEvent(fields)
@@ -288,18 +313,20 @@ func (c *udpPacketConn) getIdleDuration() time.Duration {
 	return time.Since(lastSeen)
 }
 
-func (c *udpPacketConn) copy(ctx context.Context, dst net.Conn, src net.Conn, bufPool *sync.Pool, direction string) error {
+// copy reads from src and writes to dst.
+func (c *udpPacketConn) copy(ctx context.Context, dst net.Conn, src net.Conn, bufPool *sync.Pool, direction string) (int64, error) {
 	bufp := bufPool.Get().(*[]byte)
 	defer bufPool.Put(bufp)
 	buffer := *bufp
+	var totalBytes int64 = 0
 
 	for {
 		if ctx.Err() != nil {
-			return ctx.Err()
+			return totalBytes, ctx.Err()
 		}
 
 		if err := src.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(udpTimeout)); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("set read deadline: %w", err)
+			return totalBytes, fmt.Errorf("set read deadline: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		n, err := src.Read(buffer)
@@ -307,14 +334,15 @@ func (c *udpPacketConn) copy(ctx context.Context, dst net.Conn, src net.Conn, bu
 			if isTimeout(err) {
 				continue
 			}
-			return fmt.Errorf("read from %s: %w", direction, err)
+			return totalBytes, fmt.Errorf("read from %s: %w", direction, err)
 		}
 
-		_, err = dst.Write(buffer[:n])
+		nWritten, err := dst.Write(buffer[:n])
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("write to %s: %w", direction, err)
+			return totalBytes, fmt.Errorf("write to %s: %w", direction, err)
 		}
 
+		totalBytes += int64(nWritten)
 		c.updateLastSeen()
 	}
 }

client/firewall/uspfilter/localip.go

@@ -14,8 +14,13 @@ import (
 type localIPManager struct {
 	mu sync.RWMutex
 
-	// Use bitmap for IPv4 (32 bits * 2^16 = 256KB memory)
+	// fixed-size high array for upper byte of a IPv4 address
-	ipv4Bitmap [1 << 16]uint32
+	ipv4Bitmap [256]*ipv4LowBitmap
+}
+
+// ipv4LowBitmap is a map for the low 16 bits of a IPv4 address
+type ipv4LowBitmap struct {
+	bitmap [8192]uint32
 }
 
 func newLocalIPManager() *localIPManager {
@@ -27,35 +32,61 @@ func (m *localIPManager) setBitmapBit(ip net.IP) {
 	if ipv4 == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	high := (uint16(ipv4[0]) << 8) | uint16(ipv4[1])
+	high := uint16(ipv4[0])
-	low := (uint16(ipv4[2]) << 8) | uint16(ipv4[3])
+	low := (uint16(ipv4[1]) << 8) | (uint16(ipv4[2]) << 4) | uint16(ipv4[3])
-	m.ipv4Bitmap[high] |= 1 << (low % 32)
+
+	index := low / 32
+	bit := low % 32
+
+	if m.ipv4Bitmap[high] == nil {
+		m.ipv4Bitmap[high] = &ipv4LowBitmap{}
+	}
+
+	m.ipv4Bitmap[high].bitmap[index] |= 1 << bit
+}
+
+func (m *localIPManager) setBitInBitmap(ip netip.Addr, bitmap *[256]*ipv4LowBitmap, ipv4Set map[netip.Addr]struct{}, ipv4Addresses *[]netip.Addr) {
+	if !ip.Is4() {
+		return
+	}
+	ipv4 := ip.AsSlice()
+
+	high := uint16(ipv4[0])
+	low := (uint16(ipv4[1]) << 8) | (uint16(ipv4[2]) << 4) | uint16(ipv4[3])
+
+	if bitmap[high] == nil {
+		bitmap[high] = &ipv4LowBitmap{}
+	}
+
+	index := low / 32
+	bit := low % 32
+	bitmap[high].bitmap[index] |= 1 << bit
+
+	if _, exists := ipv4Set[ip]; !exists {
+		ipv4Set[ip] = struct{}{}
+		*ipv4Addresses = append(*ipv4Addresses, ip)
+	}
 }
 
 func (m *localIPManager) checkBitmapBit(ip []byte) bool {
-	high := (uint16(ip[0]) << 8) | uint16(ip[1])
+	high := uint16(ip[0])
-	low := (uint16(ip[2]) << 8) | uint16(ip[3])
+	low := (uint16(ip[1]) << 8) | (uint16(ip[2]) << 4) | uint16(ip[3])
-	return (m.ipv4Bitmap[high] & (1 << (low % 32))) != 0
+
+	if m.ipv4Bitmap[high] == nil {
+		return false
 	}
 
-func (m *localIPManager) processIP(ip net.IP, newIPv4Bitmap *[1 << 16]uint32, ipv4Set map[string]struct{}, ipv4Addresses *[]string) error {
+	index := low / 32
-	if ipv4 := ip.To4(); ipv4 != nil {
+	bit := low % 32
-		high := (uint16(ipv4[0]) << 8) | uint16(ipv4[1])
+	return (m.ipv4Bitmap[high].bitmap[index] & (1 << bit)) != 0
-		low := (uint16(ipv4[2]) << 8) | uint16(ipv4[3])
-		if int(high) >= len(*newIPv4Bitmap) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("invalid IPv4 address: %s", ip)
-		}
-		ipStr := ip.String()
-		if _, exists := ipv4Set[ipStr]; !exists {
-			ipv4Set[ipStr] = struct{}{}
-			*ipv4Addresses = append(*ipv4Addresses, ipStr)
-			newIPv4Bitmap[high] |= 1 << (low % 32)
-		}
 }
+
+func (m *localIPManager) processIP(ip netip.Addr, bitmap *[256]*ipv4LowBitmap, ipv4Set map[netip.Addr]struct{}, ipv4Addresses *[]netip.Addr) error {
+	m.setBitInBitmap(ip, bitmap, ipv4Set, ipv4Addresses)
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (m *localIPManager) processInterface(iface net.Interface, newIPv4Bitmap *[1 << 16]uint32, ipv4Set map[string]struct{}, ipv4Addresses *[]string) {
+func (m *localIPManager) processInterface(iface net.Interface, bitmap *[256]*ipv4LowBitmap, ipv4Set map[netip.Addr]struct{}, ipv4Addresses *[]netip.Addr) {
 	addrs, err := iface.Addrs()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Debugf("get addresses for interface %s failed: %v", iface.Name, err)
@@ -73,7 +104,13 @@ func (m *localIPManager) processInterface(iface net.Interface, newIPv4Bitmap *[1
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if err := m.processIP(ip, newIPv4Bitmap, ipv4Set, ipv4Addresses); err != nil {
+		addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(ip)
+		if !ok {
+			log.Warnf("invalid IP address %s in interface %s", ip.String(), iface.Name)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if err := m.processIP(addr.Unmap(), bitmap, ipv4Set, ipv4Addresses); err != nil {
 			log.Debugf("process IP failed: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -86,14 +123,14 @@ func (m *localIPManager) UpdateLocalIPs(iface common.IFaceMapper) (err error) {
 		}
 	}()
 
-	var newIPv4Bitmap [1 << 16]uint32
+	var newIPv4Bitmap [256]*ipv4LowBitmap
-	ipv4Set := make(map[string]struct{})
+	ipv4Set := make(map[netip.Addr]struct{})
-	var ipv4Addresses []string
+	var ipv4Addresses []netip.Addr
 
 	// 127.0.0.0/8
-	high := uint16(127) << 8
+	newIPv4Bitmap[127] = &ipv4LowBitmap{}
-	for i := uint16(0); i < 256; i++ {
+	for i := 0; i < 8192; i++ {
-		newIPv4Bitmap[high|i] = 0xffffffff
+		newIPv4Bitmap[127].bitmap[i] = 0xFFFFFFFF
 	}
 
 	if iface != nil {
@@ -120,12 +157,12 @@ func (m *localIPManager) UpdateLocalIPs(iface common.IFaceMapper) (err error) {
 }
 
 func (m *localIPManager) IsLocalIP(ip netip.Addr) bool {
+	if !ip.Is4() {
+		return false
+	}
+
 	m.mu.RLock()
 	defer m.mu.RUnlock()
 
-	if ip.Is4() {
 	return m.checkBitmapBit(ip.AsSlice())
 }
-
-	return false
-}

client/firewall/uspfilter/localip_test.go

@@ -20,11 +20,8 @@ func TestLocalIPManager(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			name: "Localhost range",
 			setupAddr: wgaddr.Address{
-				IP: net.ParseIP("192.168.1.1"),
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
-				Network: &net.IPNet{
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
-					IP:   net.ParseIP("192.168.1.0"),
-					Mask: net.CIDRMask(24, 32),
-				},
 			},
 			testIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.2"),
 			expected: true,
@@ -32,11 +29,8 @@ func TestLocalIPManager(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			name: "Localhost standard address",
 			setupAddr: wgaddr.Address{
-				IP: net.ParseIP("192.168.1.1"),
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
-				Network: &net.IPNet{
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
-					IP:   net.ParseIP("192.168.1.0"),
-					Mask: net.CIDRMask(24, 32),
-				},
 			},
 			testIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1"),
 			expected: true,
@@ -44,11 +38,8 @@ func TestLocalIPManager(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			name: "Localhost range edge",
 			setupAddr: wgaddr.Address{
-				IP: net.ParseIP("192.168.1.1"),
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
-				Network: &net.IPNet{
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
-					IP:   net.ParseIP("192.168.1.0"),
-					Mask: net.CIDRMask(24, 32),
-				},
 			},
 			testIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("127.255.255.255"),
 			expected: true,
@@ -56,11 +47,8 @@ func TestLocalIPManager(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			name: "Local IP matches",
 			setupAddr: wgaddr.Address{
-				IP: net.ParseIP("192.168.1.1"),
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
-				Network: &net.IPNet{
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
-					IP:   net.ParseIP("192.168.1.0"),
-					Mask: net.CIDRMask(24, 32),
-				},
 			},
 			testIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
 			expected: true,
@@ -68,23 +56,26 @@ func TestLocalIPManager(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			name: "Local IP doesn't match",
 			setupAddr: wgaddr.Address{
-				IP: net.ParseIP("192.168.1.1"),
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
-				Network: &net.IPNet{
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
-					IP:   net.ParseIP("192.168.1.0"),
-					Mask: net.CIDRMask(24, 32),
-				},
 			},
 			testIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.2"),
 			expected: false,
 		},
+		{
+			name: "Local IP doesn't match - addresses 32 apart",
+			setupAddr: wgaddr.Address{
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+			},
+			testIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.33"),
+			expected: false,
+		},
 		{
 			name: "IPv6 address",
 			setupAddr: wgaddr.Address{
-				IP: net.ParseIP("fe80::1"),
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("fe80::1"),
-				Network: &net.IPNet{
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
-					IP:   net.ParseIP("fe80::"),
-					Mask: net.CIDRMask(64, 128),
-				},
 			},
 			testIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("fe80::1"),
 			expected: false,
@@ -192,10 +183,8 @@ func BenchmarkIPChecks(b *testing.B) {
 		interfaces[i] = net.IPv4(10, 0, byte(i>>8), byte(i))
 	}
 
-	// Setup bitmap version
+	// Setup bitmap
-	bitmapManager := &localIPManager{
+	bitmapManager := newLocalIPManager()
-		ipv4Bitmap: [1 << 16]uint32{},
-	}
 	for _, ip := range interfaces[:8] { // Add half of IPs
 		bitmapManager.setBitmapBit(ip)
 	}
@@ -248,7 +237,7 @@ func BenchmarkWGPosition(b *testing.B) {
 
 	// Create two managers - one checks WG IP first, other checks it last
 	b.Run("WG_First", func(b *testing.B) {
-		bm := &localIPManager{ipv4Bitmap: [1 << 16]uint32{}}
+		bm := newLocalIPManager()
 		bm.setBitmapBit(wgIP)
 		b.ResetTimer()
 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
@@ -257,7 +246,7 @@ func BenchmarkWGPosition(b *testing.B) {
 	})
 
 	b.Run("WG_Last", func(b *testing.B) {
-		bm := &localIPManager{ipv4Bitmap: [1 << 16]uint32{}}
+		bm := newLocalIPManager()
 		// Fill with other IPs first
 		for i := 0; i < 15; i++ {
 			bm.setBitmapBit(net.IPv4(10, 0, byte(i>>8), byte(i)))

client/firewall/uspfilter/rule.go

@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ type RouteRule struct {
 	id           string
 	mgmtId       []byte
 	sources      []netip.Prefix
-	destination netip.Prefix
+	dstSet       firewall.Set
+	destinations []netip.Prefix
 	proto        firewall.Protocol
 	srcPort      *firewall.Port
 	dstPort      *firewall.Port

client/firewall/uspfilter/tracer_test.go

@@ -38,11 +38,8 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 			SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
 			AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
 				return wgaddr.Address{
-					IP: net.ParseIP("100.10.0.100"),
+					IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("100.10.0.100"),
-					Network: &net.IPNet{
+					Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16"),
-						IP:   net.ParseIP("100.10.0.0"),
-						Mask: net.CIDRMask(16, 32),
-					},
 				}
 			},
 		}
@@ -198,12 +195,12 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 				m.forwarder.Store(&forwarder.Forwarder{})
 
 				src := netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{1, 1, 1, 1}), 32)
-				dst := netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{172, 17, 0, 2}), 32)
+				dst := netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 17, 2}), 32)
-				_, err := m.AddRouteFiltering(nil, []netip.Prefix{src}, dst, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionAccept)
+				_, err := m.AddRouteFiltering(nil, []netip.Prefix{src}, fw.Network{Prefix: dst}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionAccept)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			},
 			packetBuilder: func() *PacketBuilder {
-				return createPacketBuilder("1.1.1.1", "172.17.0.2", "tcp", 12345, 80, fw.RuleDirectionIN)
+				return createPacketBuilder("1.1.1.1", "192.168.17.2", "tcp", 12345, 80, fw.RuleDirectionIN)
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
@@ -222,12 +219,12 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 				m.nativeRouter.Store(false)
 
 				src := netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{1, 1, 1, 1}), 32)
-				dst := netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{172, 17, 0, 2}), 32)
+				dst := netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 17, 2}), 32)
-				_, err := m.AddRouteFiltering(nil, []netip.Prefix{src}, dst, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionDrop)
+				_, err := m.AddRouteFiltering(nil, []netip.Prefix{src}, fw.Network{Prefix: dst}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionDrop)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			},
 			packetBuilder: func() *PacketBuilder {
-				return createPacketBuilder("1.1.1.1", "172.17.0.2", "tcp", 12345, 80, fw.RuleDirectionIN)
+				return createPacketBuilder("1.1.1.1", "192.168.17.2", "tcp", 12345, 80, fw.RuleDirectionIN)
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
@@ -245,7 +242,7 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 				m.nativeRouter.Store(true)
 			},
 			packetBuilder: func() *PacketBuilder {
-				return createPacketBuilder("1.1.1.1", "172.17.0.2", "tcp", 12345, 80, fw.RuleDirectionIN)
+				return createPacketBuilder("1.1.1.1", "192.168.17.2", "tcp", 12345, 80, fw.RuleDirectionIN)
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
@@ -263,7 +260,7 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 				m.routingEnabled.Store(false)
 			},
 			packetBuilder: func() *PacketBuilder {
-				return createPacketBuilder("1.1.1.1", "172.17.0.2", "tcp", 12345, 80, fw.RuleDirectionIN)
+				return createPacketBuilder("1.1.1.1", "192.168.17.2", "tcp", 12345, 80, fw.RuleDirectionIN)
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
@@ -425,8 +422,8 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 
 			require.True(t, m.localipmanager.IsLocalIP(netip.MustParseAddr("100.10.0.100")),
 				"100.10.0.100 should be recognized as a local IP")
-			require.False(t, m.localipmanager.IsLocalIP(netip.MustParseAddr("172.17.0.2")),
+			require.False(t, m.localipmanager.IsLocalIP(netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.17.2")),
-				"172.17.0.2 should not be recognized as a local IP")
+				"192.168.17.2 should not be recognized as a local IP")
 
 			pb := tc.packetBuilder()
 

client/firewall/uspfilter/uspfilter.go

@@ -39,8 +39,12 @@ const (
 	// EnvForceUserspaceRouter forces userspace routing even if native routing is available.
 	EnvForceUserspaceRouter = "NB_FORCE_USERSPACE_ROUTER"
 
-	// EnvEnableNetstackLocalForwarding enables forwarding of local traffic to the native stack when running netstack
+	// EnvEnableLocalForwarding enables forwarding of local traffic to the native stack for internal (non-NetBird) interfaces.
-	// Leaving this on by default introduces a security risk as sockets on listening on localhost only will be accessible
+	// Default off as it might be security risk because sockets listening on localhost only will become accessible.
+	EnvEnableLocalForwarding = "NB_ENABLE_LOCAL_FORWARDING"
+
+	// EnvEnableNetstackLocalForwarding is an alias for EnvEnableLocalForwarding.
+	// In netstack mode, it enables forwarding of local traffic to the native stack for all interfaces.
 	EnvEnableNetstackLocalForwarding = "NB_ENABLE_NETSTACK_LOCAL_FORWARDING"
 )
 
@@ -49,10 +53,10 @@ var errNatNotSupported = errors.New("nat not supported with userspace firewall")
 // RuleSet is a set of rules grouped by a string key
 type RuleSet map[string]PeerRule
 
-type RouteRules []RouteRule
+type RouteRules []*RouteRule
 
 func (r RouteRules) Sort() {
-	slices.SortStableFunc(r, func(a, b RouteRule) int {
+	slices.SortStableFunc(r, func(a, b *RouteRule) int {
 		// Deny rules come first
 		if a.action == firewall.ActionDrop && b.action != firewall.ActionDrop {
 			return -1
@@ -71,7 +75,6 @@ type Manager struct {
 	// incomingRules is used for filtering and hooks
 	incomingRules  map[netip.Addr]RuleSet
 	routeRules     RouteRules
-	wgNetwork      *net.IPNet
 	decoders       sync.Pool
 	wgIface        common.IFaceMapper
 	nativeFirewall firewall.Manager
@@ -99,6 +102,8 @@ type Manager struct {
 	forwarder   atomic.Pointer[forwarder.Forwarder]
 	logger      *nblog.Logger
 	flowLogger  nftypes.FlowLogger
+
+	blockRule firewall.Rule
 }
 
 // decoder for packages
@@ -146,6 +151,11 @@ func parseCreateEnv() (bool, bool) {
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("failed to parse %s: %v", EnvEnableNetstackLocalForwarding, err)
 		}
+	} else if val := os.Getenv(EnvEnableLocalForwarding); val != "" {
+		enableLocalForwarding, err = strconv.ParseBool(val)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to parse %s: %v", EnvEnableLocalForwarding, err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	return disableConntrack, enableLocalForwarding
@@ -201,41 +211,35 @@ func create(iface common.IFaceMapper, nativeFirewall firewall.Manager, disableSe
 		}
 	}
 
-	if err := m.blockInvalidRouted(iface); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to block invalid routed traffic: %v", err)
-	}
-
 	if err := iface.SetFilter(m); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set filter: %w", err)
 	}
 	return m, nil
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) blockInvalidRouted(iface common.IFaceMapper) error {
+func (m *Manager) blockInvalidRouted(iface common.IFaceMapper) (firewall.Rule, error) {
-	if m.forwarder.Load() == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
 	wgPrefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(iface.Address().Network.String())
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("parse wireguard network: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse wireguard network: %w", err)
 	}
 	log.Debugf("blocking invalid routed traffic for %s", wgPrefix)
 
-	if _, err := m.AddRouteFiltering(
+	rule, err := m.addRouteFiltering(
 		nil,
 		[]netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0)},
-		wgPrefix,
+		firewall.Network{Prefix: wgPrefix},
 		firewall.ProtocolALL,
 		nil,
 		nil,
 		firewall.ActionDrop,
-	); err != nil {
+	)
-		return fmt.Errorf("block wg nte : %w", err)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("block wg nte : %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// TODO: Block networks that we're a client of
 
-	return nil
+	return rule, nil
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) determineRouting() error {
@@ -273,7 +277,7 @@ func (m *Manager) determineRouting() error {
 
 		log.Info("userspace routing is forced")
 
-	case !m.netstack && m.nativeFirewall != nil && m.nativeFirewall.IsServerRouteSupported():
+	case !m.netstack && m.nativeFirewall != nil:
 		// if the OS supports routing natively, then we don't need to filter/route ourselves
 		// netstack mode won't support native routing as there is no interface
 
@@ -330,6 +334,10 @@ func (m *Manager) IsServerRouteSupported() bool {
 	return true
 }
 
+func (m *Manager) IsStateful() bool {
+	return m.stateful
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) AddNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	if m.nativeRouter.Load() && m.nativeFirewall != nil {
 		return m.nativeFirewall.AddNatRule(pair)
@@ -413,10 +421,23 @@ func (m *Manager) AddPeerFiltering(
 func (m *Manager) AddRouteFiltering(
 	id []byte,
 	sources []netip.Prefix,
-	destination netip.Prefix,
+	destination firewall.Network,
 	proto firewall.Protocol,
-	sPort *firewall.Port,
+	sPort, dPort *firewall.Port,
-	dPort *firewall.Port,
+	action firewall.Action,
+) (firewall.Rule, error) {
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	return m.addRouteFiltering(id, sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) addRouteFiltering(
+	id []byte,
+	sources []netip.Prefix,
+	destination firewall.Network,
+	proto firewall.Protocol,
+	sPort, dPort *firewall.Port,
 	action firewall.Action,
 ) (firewall.Rule, error) {
 	if m.nativeRouter.Load() && m.nativeFirewall != nil {
@@ -429,31 +450,36 @@ func (m *Manager) AddRouteFiltering(
 		id:      ruleID,
 		mgmtId:  id,
 		sources: sources,
-		destination: destination,
+		dstSet:  destination.Set,
 		proto:   proto,
 		srcPort: sPort,
 		dstPort: dPort,
 		action:  action,
 	}
+	if destination.IsPrefix() {
+		rule.destinations = []netip.Prefix{destination.Prefix}
+	}
 
-	m.mutex.Lock()
+	m.routeRules = append(m.routeRules, &rule)
-	m.routeRules = append(m.routeRules, rule)
 	m.routeRules.Sort()
-	m.mutex.Unlock()
 
 	return &rule, nil
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) DeleteRouteRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	return m.deleteRouteRule(rule)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) deleteRouteRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	if m.nativeRouter.Load() && m.nativeFirewall != nil {
 		return m.nativeFirewall.DeleteRouteRule(rule)
 	}
 
-	m.mutex.Lock()
-	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
-
 	ruleID := rule.ID()
-	idx := slices.IndexFunc(m.routeRules, func(r RouteRule) bool {
+	idx := slices.IndexFunc(m.routeRules, func(r *RouteRule) bool {
 		return r.id == ruleID
 	})
 	if idx < 0 {
@@ -509,6 +535,52 @@ func (m *Manager) DeleteDNATRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	return m.nativeFirewall.DeleteDNATRule(rule)
 }
 
+// UpdateSet updates the rule destinations associated with the given set
+// by merging the existing prefixes with the new ones, then deduplicating.
+func (m *Manager) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
+	if m.nativeRouter.Load() && m.nativeFirewall != nil {
+		return m.nativeFirewall.UpdateSet(set, prefixes)
+	}
+
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	var matches []*RouteRule
+	for _, rule := range m.routeRules {
+		if rule.dstSet == set {
+			matches = append(matches, rule)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(matches) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no route rule found for set: %s", set)
+	}
+
+	destinations := matches[0].destinations
+	for _, prefix := range prefixes {
+		if prefix.Addr().Is4() {
+			destinations = append(destinations, prefix)
+		}
+	}
+
+	slices.SortFunc(destinations, func(a, b netip.Prefix) int {
+		cmp := a.Addr().Compare(b.Addr())
+		if cmp != 0 {
+			return cmp
+		}
+		return a.Bits() - b.Bits()
+	})
+
+	destinations = slices.Compact(destinations)
+
+	for _, rule := range matches {
+		rule.destinations = destinations
+	}
+	log.Debugf("updated set %s to prefixes %v", set.HashedName(), destinations)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // DropOutgoing filter outgoing packets
 func (m *Manager) DropOutgoing(packetData []byte, size int) bool {
 	return m.processOutgoingHooks(packetData, size)
@@ -546,9 +618,8 @@ func (m *Manager) processOutgoingHooks(packetData []byte, size int) bool {
 		return true
 	}
 
-	if m.stateful {
+	// for netflow we keep track even if the firewall is stateless
 	m.trackOutbound(d, srcIP, dstIP, size)
-	}
 
 	return false
 }
@@ -658,7 +729,8 @@ func (m *Manager) dropFilter(packetData []byte, size int) bool {
 	d := m.decoders.Get().(*decoder)
 	defer m.decoders.Put(d)
 
-	if !m.isValidPacket(d, packetData) {
+	valid, fragment := m.isValidPacket(d, packetData)
+	if !valid {
 		return true
 	}
 
@@ -668,6 +740,13 @@ func (m *Manager) dropFilter(packetData []byte, size int) bool {
 		return true
 	}
 
+	// TODO: pass fragments of routed packets to forwarder
+	if fragment {
+		m.logger.Trace("packet is a fragment: src=%v dst=%v id=%v flags=%v",
+			srcIP, dstIP, d.ip4.Id, d.ip4.Flags)
+		return false
+	}
+
 	// For all inbound traffic, first check if it matches a tracked connection.
 	// This must happen before any other filtering because the packets are statefully tracked.
 	if m.stateful && m.isValidTrackedConnection(d, srcIP, dstIP, size) {
@@ -678,7 +757,7 @@ func (m *Manager) dropFilter(packetData []byte, size int) bool {
 		return m.handleLocalTraffic(d, srcIP, dstIP, packetData, size)
 	}
 
-	return m.handleRoutedTraffic(d, srcIP, dstIP, packetData)
+	return m.handleRoutedTraffic(d, srcIP, dstIP, packetData, size)
 }
 
 // handleLocalTraffic handles local traffic.
@@ -709,9 +788,10 @@ func (m *Manager) handleLocalTraffic(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, packet
 		return true
 	}
 
-	// if running in netstack mode we need to pass this to the forwarder
+	// If requested we pass local traffic to internal interfaces to the forwarder.
-	if m.netstack && m.localForwarding {
+	// netstack doesn't have an interface to forward packets to the native stack so we always need to use the forwarder.
-		return m.handleNetstackLocalTraffic(packetData)
+	if m.localForwarding && (m.netstack || dstIP != m.wgIface.Address().IP) {
+		return m.handleForwardedLocalTraffic(packetData)
 	}
 
 	// track inbound packets to get the correct direction and session id for flows
@@ -721,8 +801,7 @@ func (m *Manager) handleLocalTraffic(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, packet
 	return false
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) handleNetstackLocalTraffic(packetData []byte) bool {
+func (m *Manager) handleForwardedLocalTraffic(packetData []byte) bool {
-
 	fwd := m.forwarder.Load()
 	if fwd == nil {
 		m.logger.Trace("Dropping local packet (forwarder not initialized)")
@@ -739,7 +818,7 @@ func (m *Manager) handleNetstackLocalTraffic(packetData []byte) bool {
 
 // handleRoutedTraffic handles routed traffic.
 // If it returns true, the packet should be dropped.
-func (m *Manager) handleRoutedTraffic(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, packetData []byte) bool {
+func (m *Manager) handleRoutedTraffic(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, packetData []byte, size int) bool {
 	// Drop if routing is disabled
 	if !m.routingEnabled.Load() {
 		m.logger.Trace("Dropping routed packet (routing disabled): src=%s dst=%s",
@@ -749,13 +828,15 @@ func (m *Manager) handleRoutedTraffic(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, packe
 
 	// Pass to native stack if native router is enabled or forced
 	if m.nativeRouter.Load() {
+		m.trackInbound(d, srcIP, dstIP, nil, size)
 		return false
 	}
 
 	proto, pnum := getProtocolFromPacket(d)
 	srcPort, dstPort := getPortsFromPacket(d)
 
-	if ruleID, pass := m.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP, proto, srcPort, dstPort); !pass {
+	ruleID, pass := m.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP, proto, srcPort, dstPort)
+	if !pass {
 		m.logger.Trace("Dropping routed packet (ACL denied): rule_id=%s proto=%v src=%s:%d dst=%s:%d",
 			ruleID, pnum, srcIP, srcPort, dstIP, dstPort)
 
@@ -770,6 +851,8 @@ func (m *Manager) handleRoutedTraffic(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, packe
 			SourcePort: srcPort,
 			DestPort:   dstPort,
 			// TODO: icmp type/code
+			RxPackets: 1,
+			RxBytes:   uint64(size),
 		})
 		return true
 	}
@@ -779,8 +862,11 @@ func (m *Manager) handleRoutedTraffic(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, packe
 	if fwd == nil {
 		m.logger.Trace("failed to forward routed packet (forwarder not initialized)")
 	} else {
+		fwd.RegisterRuleID(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, ruleID)
+
 		if err := fwd.InjectIncomingPacket(packetData); err != nil {
 			m.logger.Error("Failed to inject routed packet: %v", err)
+			fwd.DeleteRuleID(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -812,17 +898,32 @@ func getPortsFromPacket(d *decoder) (srcPort, dstPort uint16) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) isValidPacket(d *decoder, packetData []byte) bool {
+// isValidPacket checks if the packet is valid.
+// It returns true, false if the packet is valid and not a fragment.
+// It returns true, true if the packet is a fragment and valid.
+func (m *Manager) isValidPacket(d *decoder, packetData []byte) (bool, bool) {
 	if err := d.parser.DecodeLayers(packetData, &d.decoded); err != nil {
 		m.logger.Trace("couldn't decode packet, err: %s", err)
-		return false
+		return false, false
 	}
 
-	if len(d.decoded) < 2 {
+	l := len(d.decoded)
-		m.logger.Trace("packet doesn't have network and transport layers")
+
-		return false
+	// L3 and L4 are mandatory
+	if l >= 2 {
+		return true, false
 	}
-	return true
+
+	// Fragments are also valid
+	if l == 1 && d.decoded[0] == layers.LayerTypeIPv4 {
+		ip4 := d.ip4
+		if ip4.Flags&layers.IPv4MoreFragments != 0 || ip4.FragOffset != 0 {
+			return true, true
+		}
+	}
+
+	m.logger.Trace("packet doesn't have network and transport layers")
+	return false, false
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) isValidTrackedConnection(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, size int) bool {
@@ -962,8 +1063,15 @@ func (m *Manager) routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, proto firewall.Protocol
 	return nil, false
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) ruleMatches(rule RouteRule, srcAddr, dstAddr netip.Addr, proto firewall.Protocol, srcPort, dstPort uint16) bool {
+func (m *Manager) ruleMatches(rule *RouteRule, srcAddr, dstAddr netip.Addr, proto firewall.Protocol, srcPort, dstPort uint16) bool {
-	if !rule.destination.Contains(dstAddr) {
+	destMatched := false
+	for _, dst := range rule.destinations {
+		if dst.Contains(dstAddr) {
+			destMatched = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !destMatched {
 		return false
 	}
 
@@ -991,11 +1099,6 @@ func (m *Manager) ruleMatches(rule RouteRule, srcAddr, dstAddr netip.Addr, proto
 	return true
 }
 
-// SetNetwork of the wireguard interface to which filtering applied
-func (m *Manager) SetNetwork(network *net.IPNet) {
-	m.wgNetwork = network
-}
-
 // AddUDPPacketHook calls hook when UDP packet from given direction matched
 //
 // Hook function returns flag which indicates should be the matched package dropped or not
@@ -1065,7 +1168,22 @@ func (m *Manager) EnableRouting() error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.determineRouting()
+	if err := m.determineRouting(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("determine routing: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if m.forwarder.Load() == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	rule, err := m.blockInvalidRouted(m.wgIface)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("block invalid routed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	m.blockRule = rule
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) DisableRouting() error {
@@ -1090,5 +1208,12 @@ func (m *Manager) DisableRouting() error {
 
 	log.Debug("forwarder stopped")
 
+	if m.blockRule != nil {
+		if err := m.deleteRouteRule(m.blockRule); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("delete block rule: %w", err)
+		}
+		m.blockRule = nil
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }

client/firewall/uspfilter/uspfilter_bench_test.go

@@ -174,11 +174,6 @@ func BenchmarkCoreFiltering(b *testing.B) {
 					require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 				})
 
-				manager.wgNetwork = &net.IPNet{
-					IP:   net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"),
-					Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32),
-				}
-
 				// Apply scenario-specific setup
 				sc.setupFunc(manager)
 
@@ -219,11 +214,6 @@ func BenchmarkStateScaling(b *testing.B) {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
 
-			manager.wgNetwork = &net.IPNet{
-				IP:   net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"),
-				Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32),
-			}
-
 			// Pre-populate connection table
 			srcIPs := generateRandomIPs(count)
 			dstIPs := generateRandomIPs(count)
@@ -267,11 +257,6 @@ func BenchmarkEstablishmentOverhead(b *testing.B) {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
 
-			manager.wgNetwork = &net.IPNet{
-				IP:   net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"),
-				Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32),
-			}
-
 			srcIP := generateRandomIPs(1)[0]
 			dstIP := generateRandomIPs(1)[0]
 			outbound := generatePacket(b, srcIP, dstIP, 1024, 80, layers.IPProtocolTCP)
@@ -304,10 +289,6 @@ func BenchmarkRoutedNetworkReturn(b *testing.B) {
 			proto: layers.IPProtocolTCP,
 			state: "new",
 			setupFunc: func(m *Manager) {
-				m.wgNetwork = &net.IPNet{
-					IP:   net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"),
-					Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32),
-				}
 				b.Setenv("NB_DISABLE_CONNTRACK", "1")
 			},
 			genPackets: func(srcIP, dstIP net.IP) ([]byte, []byte) {
@@ -321,10 +302,6 @@ func BenchmarkRoutedNetworkReturn(b *testing.B) {
 			proto: layers.IPProtocolTCP,
 			state: "established",
 			setupFunc: func(m *Manager) {
-				m.wgNetwork = &net.IPNet{
-					IP:   net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"),
-					Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32),
-				}
 				b.Setenv("NB_DISABLE_CONNTRACK", "1")
 			},
 			genPackets: func(srcIP, dstIP net.IP) ([]byte, []byte) {
@@ -339,10 +316,6 @@ func BenchmarkRoutedNetworkReturn(b *testing.B) {
 			proto: layers.IPProtocolUDP,
 			state: "new",
 			setupFunc: func(m *Manager) {
-				m.wgNetwork = &net.IPNet{
-					IP:   net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"),
-					Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32),
-				}
 				b.Setenv("NB_DISABLE_CONNTRACK", "1")
 			},
 			genPackets: func(srcIP, dstIP net.IP) ([]byte, []byte) {
@@ -356,10 +329,6 @@ func BenchmarkRoutedNetworkReturn(b *testing.B) {
 			proto: layers.IPProtocolUDP,
 			state: "established",
 			setupFunc: func(m *Manager) {
-				m.wgNetwork = &net.IPNet{
-					IP:   net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"),
-					Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32),
-				}
 				b.Setenv("NB_DISABLE_CONNTRACK", "1")
 			},
 			genPackets: func(srcIP, dstIP net.IP) ([]byte, []byte) {
@@ -373,10 +342,6 @@ func BenchmarkRoutedNetworkReturn(b *testing.B) {
 			proto: layers.IPProtocolTCP,
 			state: "new",
 			setupFunc: func(m *Manager) {
-				m.wgNetwork = &net.IPNet{
-					IP:   net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0"),
-					Mask: net.CIDRMask(0, 32),
-				}
 				require.NoError(b, os.Unsetenv("NB_DISABLE_CONNTRACK"))
 			},
 			genPackets: func(srcIP, dstIP net.IP) ([]byte, []byte) {
@@ -390,10 +355,6 @@ func BenchmarkRoutedNetworkReturn(b *testing.B) {
 			proto: layers.IPProtocolTCP,
 			state: "established",
 			setupFunc: func(m *Manager) {
-				m.wgNetwork = &net.IPNet{
-					IP:   net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0"),
-					Mask: net.CIDRMask(0, 32),
-				}
 				require.NoError(b, os.Unsetenv("NB_DISABLE_CONNTRACK"))
 			},
 			genPackets: func(srcIP, dstIP net.IP) ([]byte, []byte) {
@@ -408,10 +369,6 @@ func BenchmarkRoutedNetworkReturn(b *testing.B) {
 			proto: layers.IPProtocolTCP,
 			state: "post_handshake",
 			setupFunc: func(m *Manager) {
-				m.wgNetwork = &net.IPNet{
-					IP:   net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0"),
-					Mask: net.CIDRMask(0, 32),
-				}
 				require.NoError(b, os.Unsetenv("NB_DISABLE_CONNTRACK"))
 			},
 			genPackets: func(srcIP, dstIP net.IP) ([]byte, []byte) {
@@ -426,10 +383,6 @@ func BenchmarkRoutedNetworkReturn(b *testing.B) {
 			proto: layers.IPProtocolUDP,
 			state: "new",
 			setupFunc: func(m *Manager) {
-				m.wgNetwork = &net.IPNet{
-					IP:   net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0"),
-					Mask: net.CIDRMask(0, 32),
-				}
 				require.NoError(b, os.Unsetenv("NB_DISABLE_CONNTRACK"))
 			},
 			genPackets: func(srcIP, dstIP net.IP) ([]byte, []byte) {
@@ -443,10 +396,6 @@ func BenchmarkRoutedNetworkReturn(b *testing.B) {
 			proto: layers.IPProtocolUDP,
 			state: "established",
 			setupFunc: func(m *Manager) {
-				m.wgNetwork = &net.IPNet{
-					IP:   net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0"),
-					Mask: net.CIDRMask(0, 32),
-				}
 				require.NoError(b, os.Unsetenv("NB_DISABLE_CONNTRACK"))
 			},
 			genPackets: func(srcIP, dstIP net.IP) ([]byte, []byte) {
@@ -593,11 +542,6 @@ func BenchmarkLongLivedConnections(b *testing.B) {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
 
-			manager.SetNetwork(&net.IPNet{
-				IP:   net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"),
-				Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32),
-			})
-
 			// Setup initial state based on scenario
 			if sc.rules {
 				// Single rule to allow all return traffic from port 80
@@ -681,11 +625,6 @@ func BenchmarkShortLivedConnections(b *testing.B) {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
 
-			manager.SetNetwork(&net.IPNet{
-				IP:   net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"),
-				Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32),
-			})
-
 			// Setup initial state based on scenario
 			if sc.rules {
 				// Single rule to allow all return traffic from port 80
@@ -797,11 +736,6 @@ func BenchmarkParallelLongLivedConnections(b *testing.B) {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
 
-			manager.SetNetwork(&net.IPNet{
-				IP:   net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"),
-				Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32),
-			})
-
 			// Setup initial state based on scenario
 			if sc.rules {
 				_, err := manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0"), fw.ProtocolTCP, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, nil, fw.ActionAccept, "")
@@ -882,11 +816,6 @@ func BenchmarkParallelShortLivedConnections(b *testing.B) {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
 
-			manager.SetNetwork(&net.IPNet{
-				IP:   net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"),
-				Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32),
-			})
-
 			if sc.rules {
 				_, err := manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0"), fw.ProtocolTCP, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, nil, fw.ActionAccept, "")
 				require.NoError(b, err)
@@ -1032,7 +961,8 @@ func BenchmarkRouteACLs(b *testing.B) {
 	}
 
 	for _, r := range rules {
-		_, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(nil, r.sources, r.dest, r.proto, nil, r.port, fw.ActionAccept)
+		dst := fw.Network{Prefix: r.dest}
+		_, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(nil, r.sources, dst, r.proto, nil, r.port, fw.ActionAccept)
 		if err != nil {
 			b.Fatal(err)
 		}

client/firewall/uspfilter/uspfilter_filter_test.go

@@ -15,15 +15,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/mocks"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
 )
 
 func TestPeerACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
-	localIP := net.ParseIP("100.10.0.100")
+	localIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.10.0.100")
-	wgNet := &net.IPNet{
+	wgNet := netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")
-		IP:   net.ParseIP("100.10.0.0"),
-		Mask: net.CIDRMask(16, 32),
-	}
-
 	ifaceMock := &IFaceMock{
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
 		AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
@@ -42,8 +39,6 @@ func TestPeerACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
 	})
 
-	manager.wgNetwork = wgNet
-
 	err = manager.UpdateLocalIPs()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -188,6 +183,281 @@ func TestPeerACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
 			shouldBeBlocked: true,
 		},
+		{
+			name:            "Allow TCP traffic without port specification",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         443,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Allow UDP traffic without port specification",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         53,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "TCP packet doesn't match UDP filter with same port",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         443,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "UDP packet doesn't match TCP filter with same port",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         443,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "ICMP packet doesn't match TCP filter",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolICMP,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "ICMP packet doesn't match UDP filter",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolICMP,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Allow TCP traffic within port range",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         8080,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{IsRange: true, Values: []uint16{8000, 8100}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Block TCP traffic outside port range",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         7999,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{IsRange: true, Values: []uint16{8000, 8100}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Edge Case - Port at Range Boundary",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         8100,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{IsRange: true, Values: []uint16{8000, 8100}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "UDP Port Range",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         5060,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{IsRange: true, Values: []uint16{5060, 5070}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Allow multiple destination ports",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         8080,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80, 8080, 443}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Allow multiple source ports",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         80,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleSrcPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{12345, 12346, 12347}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: false,
+		},
+		// New drop test cases
+		{
+			name:            "Drop TCP traffic from WG peer",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         443,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionDrop,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Drop UDP traffic from WG peer",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         53,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{53}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionDrop,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Drop ICMP traffic from WG peer",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolICMP,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolICMP,
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionDrop,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Drop all traffic from WG peer",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         443,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolALL,
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionDrop,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Drop traffic from multiple source ports",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         80,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleSrcPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{12345, 12346, 12347}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionDrop,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Drop multiple destination ports",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         8080,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80, 8080, 443}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionDrop,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Drop TCP traffic within port range",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         8080,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{IsRange: true, Values: []uint16{8000, 8100}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionDrop,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Accept TCP traffic outside drop port range",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         7999,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{IsRange: true, Values: []uint16{8000, 8100}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionDrop,
+			shouldBeBlocked: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Drop TCP traffic with source port range",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         32100,
+			dstPort:         80,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleSrcPort:     &fw.Port{IsRange: true, Values: []uint16{32000, 33000}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionDrop,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Mixed rule - drop specific port but allow other ports",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         443,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionDrop,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
 	}
 
 	t.Run("Implicit DROP (no rules)", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -198,6 +468,28 @@ func TestPeerACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+
+			if tc.ruleAction == fw.ActionDrop {
+				// add general accept rule to test drop rule
+				// TODO: this only works because 0.0.0.0 is tested last, we need to implement order
+				rules, err := manager.AddPeerFiltering(
+					nil,
+					net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0"),
+					fw.ProtocolALL,
+					nil,
+					nil,
+					fw.ActionAccept,
+					"",
+				)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.NotEmpty(t, rules)
+				t.Cleanup(func() {
+					for _, rule := range rules {
+						require.NoError(t, manager.DeletePeerRule(rule))
+					}
+				})
+			}
+
 			rules, err := manager.AddPeerFiltering(
 				nil,
 				net.ParseIP(tc.ruleIP),
@@ -283,14 +575,13 @@ func setupRoutedManager(tb testing.TB, network string) *Manager {
 	dev := mocks.NewMockDevice(ctrl)
 	dev.EXPECT().MTU().Return(1500, nil).AnyTimes()
 
-	localIP, wgNet, err := net.ParseCIDR(network)
+	wgNet := netip.MustParsePrefix(network)
-	require.NoError(tb, err)
 
 	ifaceMock := &IFaceMock{
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
 		AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
 			return wgaddr.Address{
-				IP:      localIP,
+				IP:      wgNet.Addr(),
 				Network: wgNet,
 			}
 		},
@@ -303,8 +594,8 @@ func setupRoutedManager(tb testing.TB, network string) *Manager {
 	}
 
 	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger)
-	require.NoError(tb, manager.EnableRouting())
 	require.NoError(tb, err)
+	require.NoError(tb, manager.EnableRouting())
 	require.NotNil(tb, manager)
 	require.True(tb, manager.routingEnabled.Load())
 	require.False(tb, manager.nativeRouter.Load())
@@ -321,7 +612,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 
 	type rule struct {
 		sources []netip.Prefix
-		dest    netip.Prefix
+		dest    fw.Network
 		proto   fw.Protocol
 		srcPort *fw.Port
 		dstPort *fw.Port
@@ -347,7 +638,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 443,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -363,7 +654,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 443,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -379,7 +670,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 443,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -395,7 +686,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 53,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolUDP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{53}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -409,7 +700,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			proto: fw.ProtocolICMP,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolICMP,
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
 			},
@@ -424,7 +715,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 80,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolALL,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -440,7 +731,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 8080,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -456,7 +747,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 80,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -472,7 +763,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 80,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -488,7 +779,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 80,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				srcPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{12345}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -507,7 +798,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 					netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16"),
 					netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/16"),
 				},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -521,7 +812,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			proto: fw.ProtocolICMP,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolALL,
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
 			},
@@ -536,33 +827,13 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 80,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolALL,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
 			},
 			shouldPass: true,
 		},
-		{
-			name:  "Multiple source networks with mismatched protocol",
-			srcIP: "172.16.0.1",
-			dstIP: "192.168.1.100",
-			// Should not match TCP rule
-			proto:   fw.ProtocolUDP,
-			srcPort: 12345,
-			dstPort: 80,
-			rule: rule{
-				sources: []netip.Prefix{
-					netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16"),
-					netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/16"),
-				},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
-				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
-				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
-				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
-			},
-			shouldPass: false,
-		},
 		{
 			name:    "Allow multiple destination ports",
 			srcIP:   "100.10.0.1",
@@ -572,7 +843,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 8080,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80, 8080, 443}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -588,7 +859,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 80,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				srcPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{12345, 12346, 12347}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -604,7 +875,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 80,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolALL,
 				srcPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{12345}},
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
@@ -621,7 +892,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 8080,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{
 					IsRange: true,
@@ -640,7 +911,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 7999,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{
 					IsRange: true,
@@ -659,7 +930,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 80,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				srcPort: &fw.Port{
 					IsRange: true,
@@ -678,7 +949,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 443,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				srcPort: &fw.Port{
 					IsRange: true,
@@ -700,7 +971,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 8100,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{
 					IsRange: true,
@@ -719,7 +990,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 5060,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolUDP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{
 					IsRange: true,
@@ -738,7 +1009,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 8080,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolALL,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{
 					IsRange: true,
@@ -757,7 +1028,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 443,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
 				action:  fw.ActionDrop,
@@ -773,7 +1044,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 80,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolALL,
 				action:  fw.ActionDrop,
 			},
@@ -791,17 +1062,158 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 					netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16"),
 					netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/16"),
 				},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
 				action:  fw.ActionDrop,
 			},
 			shouldPass: false,
 		},
+
+		{
+			name:    "Drop empty destination set",
+			srcIP:   "172.16.0.1",
+			dstIP:   "192.168.1.100",
+			proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort: 12345,
+			dstPort: 80,
+			rule: rule{
+				sources: []netip.Prefix{
+					netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/16"),
+				},
+				dest:    fw.Network{Set: fw.Set{}},
+				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
+				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
+				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
+			},
+			shouldPass: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Accept TCP traffic outside drop port range",
+			srcIP:   "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:   "192.168.1.100",
+			proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort: 12345,
+			dstPort: 7999,
+			rule: rule{
+				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
+				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
+				dstPort: &fw.Port{IsRange: true, Values: []uint16{8000, 8100}},
+				action:  fw.ActionDrop,
+			},
+			shouldPass: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Allow TCP traffic without port specification",
+			srcIP:   "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:   "192.168.1.100",
+			proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort: 12345,
+			dstPort: 443,
+			rule: rule{
+				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
+				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
+				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
+			},
+			shouldPass: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Allow UDP traffic without port specification",
+			srcIP:   "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:   "192.168.1.100",
+			proto:   fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			srcPort: 12345,
+			dstPort: 53,
+			rule: rule{
+				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
+				proto:   fw.ProtocolUDP,
+				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
+			},
+			shouldPass: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "TCP packet doesn't match UDP filter with same port",
+			srcIP:   "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:   "192.168.1.100",
+			proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort: 12345,
+			dstPort: 80,
+			rule: rule{
+				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
+				proto:   fw.ProtocolUDP,
+				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
+				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
+			},
+			shouldPass: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "UDP packet doesn't match TCP filter with same port",
+			srcIP:   "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:   "192.168.1.100",
+			proto:   fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			srcPort: 12345,
+			dstPort: 80,
+			rule: rule{
+				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
+				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
+				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
+				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
+			},
+			shouldPass: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "ICMP packet doesn't match TCP filter",
+			srcIP: "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP: "192.168.1.100",
+			proto: fw.ProtocolICMP,
+			rule: rule{
+				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
+				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
+				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
+			},
+			shouldPass: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "ICMP packet doesn't match UDP filter",
+			srcIP: "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP: "192.168.1.100",
+			proto: fw.ProtocolICMP,
+			rule: rule{
+				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
+				proto:   fw.ProtocolUDP,
+				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
+			},
+			shouldPass: false,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if tc.rule.action == fw.ActionDrop {
+				// add general accept rule to test drop rule
+				rule, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+					nil,
+					[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
+					fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
+					fw.ProtocolALL,
+					nil,
+					nil,
+					fw.ActionAccept,
+				)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.NotNil(t, rule)
+				t.Cleanup(func() {
+					require.NoError(t, manager.DeleteRouteRule(rule))
+				})
+			}
+
 			rule, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
 				nil,
 				tc.rule.sources,
@@ -836,7 +1248,7 @@ func TestRouteACLOrder(t *testing.T) {
 		name  string
 		rules []struct {
 			sources []netip.Prefix
-			dest    netip.Prefix
+			dest    fw.Network
 			proto   fw.Protocol
 			srcPort *fw.Port
 			dstPort *fw.Port
@@ -857,7 +1269,7 @@ func TestRouteACLOrder(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "Drop rules take precedence over accept",
 			rules: []struct {
 				sources []netip.Prefix
-				dest    netip.Prefix
+				dest    fw.Network
 				proto   fw.Protocol
 				srcPort *fw.Port
 				dstPort *fw.Port
@@ -866,7 +1278,7 @@ func TestRouteACLOrder(t *testing.T) {
 				{
 					// Accept rule added first
 					sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-					dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+					dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 					proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 					dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80, 443}},
 					action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -874,7 +1286,7 @@ func TestRouteACLOrder(t *testing.T) {
 				{
 					// Drop rule added second but should be evaluated first
 					sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-					dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+					dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 					proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 					dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
 					action:  fw.ActionDrop,
@@ -912,7 +1324,7 @@ func TestRouteACLOrder(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "Multiple drop rules take precedence",
 			rules: []struct {
 				sources []netip.Prefix
-				dest    netip.Prefix
+				dest    fw.Network
 				proto   fw.Protocol
 				srcPort *fw.Port
 				dstPort *fw.Port
@@ -921,14 +1333,14 @@ func TestRouteACLOrder(t *testing.T) {
 				{
 					// Accept all
 					sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
-					dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
+					dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
 					proto:   fw.ProtocolALL,
 					action:  fw.ActionAccept,
 				},
 				{
 					// Drop specific port
 					sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-					dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+					dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 					proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 					dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
 					action:  fw.ActionDrop,
@@ -936,7 +1348,7 @@ func TestRouteACLOrder(t *testing.T) {
 				{
 					// Drop different port
 					sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-					dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+					dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 					proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 					dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
 					action:  fw.ActionDrop,
@@ -1015,3 +1427,50 @@ func TestRouteACLOrder(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestRouteACLSet(t *testing.T) {
+	ifaceMock := &IFaceMock{
+		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+		AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
+			return wgaddr.Address{
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("100.10.0.100"),
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16"),
+			}
+		},
+	}
+
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
+	})
+
+	set := fw.NewDomainSet(domain.List{"example.org"})
+
+	// Add rule that uses the set (initially empty)
+	rule, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+		nil,
+		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
+		fw.Network{Set: set},
+		fw.ProtocolTCP,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		fw.ActionAccept,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, rule)
+
+	srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.10.0.1")
+	dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.100")
+
+	// Check that traffic is dropped (empty set shouldn't match anything)
+	_, isAllowed := manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP, fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 80)
+	require.False(t, isAllowed, "Empty set should not allow any traffic")
+
+	err = manager.UpdateSet(set, []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Now the packet should be allowed
+	_, isAllowed = manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP, fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 80)
+	require.True(t, isAllowed, "After set update, traffic to the added network should be allowed")
+}

client/firewall/uspfilter/uspfilter_test.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
 )
 
 var logger = log.NewFromLogrus(logrus.StandardLogger())
@@ -270,11 +271,8 @@ func TestNotMatchByIP(t *testing.T) {
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
 		AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
 			return wgaddr.Address{
-				IP: net.ParseIP("100.10.0.100"),
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("100.10.0.100"),
-				Network: &net.IPNet{
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16"),
-					IP:   net.ParseIP("100.10.0.0"),
-					Mask: net.CIDRMask(16, 32),
-				},
 			}
 		},
 	}
@@ -284,10 +282,6 @@ func TestNotMatchByIP(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("failed to create Manager: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
-	m.wgNetwork = &net.IPNet{
-		IP:   net.ParseIP("100.10.0.0"),
-		Mask: net.CIDRMask(16, 32),
-	}
 
 	ip := net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0")
 	proto := fw.ProtocolUDP
@@ -395,10 +389,6 @@ func TestProcessOutgoingHooks(t *testing.T) {
 	}, false, flowLogger)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	manager.wgNetwork = &net.IPNet{
-		IP:   net.ParseIP("100.10.0.0"),
-		Mask: net.CIDRMask(16, 32),
-	}
 	manager.udpTracker.Close()
 	manager.udpTracker = conntrack.NewUDPTracker(100*time.Millisecond, logger, flowLogger)
 	defer func() {
@@ -508,11 +498,6 @@ func TestStatefulFirewall_UDPTracking(t *testing.T) {
 	}, false, flowLogger)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	manager.wgNetwork = &net.IPNet{
-		IP:   net.ParseIP("100.10.0.0"),
-		Mask: net.CIDRMask(16, 32),
-	}
-
 	manager.udpTracker.Close() // Close the existing tracker
 	manager.udpTracker = conntrack.NewUDPTracker(200*time.Millisecond, logger, flowLogger)
 	manager.decoders = sync.Pool{
@@ -711,3 +696,203 @@ func TestStatefulFirewall_UDPTracking(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestUpdateSetMerge(t *testing.T) {
+	ifaceMock := &IFaceMock{
+		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+	}
+
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
+	})
+
+	set := fw.NewDomainSet(domain.List{"example.org"})
+
+	initialPrefixes := []netip.Prefix{
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+	}
+
+	rule, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+		nil,
+		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
+		fw.Network{Set: set},
+		fw.ProtocolTCP,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		fw.ActionAccept,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, rule)
+
+	// Update the set with initial prefixes
+	err = manager.UpdateSet(set, initialPrefixes)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Test initial prefixes work
+	srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.10.0.1")
+	dstIP1 := netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.100")
+	dstIP2 := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.100")
+	dstIP3 := netip.MustParseAddr("172.16.0.100")
+
+	_, isAllowed1 := manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP1, fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 80)
+	_, isAllowed2 := manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP2, fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 80)
+	_, isAllowed3 := manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP3, fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 80)
+
+	require.True(t, isAllowed1, "Traffic to 10.0.0.100 should be allowed")
+	require.True(t, isAllowed2, "Traffic to 192.168.1.100 should be allowed")
+	require.False(t, isAllowed3, "Traffic to 172.16.0.100 should be denied")
+
+	newPrefixes := []netip.Prefix{
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/16"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.1.0.0/24"),
+	}
+
+	err = manager.UpdateSet(set, newPrefixes)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Check that all original prefixes are still included
+	_, isAllowed1 = manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP1, fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 80)
+	_, isAllowed2 = manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP2, fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 80)
+	require.True(t, isAllowed1, "Traffic to 10.0.0.100 should still be allowed after update")
+	require.True(t, isAllowed2, "Traffic to 192.168.1.100 should still be allowed after update")
+
+	// Check that new prefixes are included
+	dstIP4 := netip.MustParseAddr("172.16.1.100")
+	dstIP5 := netip.MustParseAddr("10.1.0.50")
+
+	_, isAllowed4 := manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP4, fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 80)
+	_, isAllowed5 := manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP5, fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 80)
+
+	require.True(t, isAllowed4, "Traffic to new prefix 172.16.0.0/16 should be allowed")
+	require.True(t, isAllowed5, "Traffic to new prefix 10.1.0.0/24 should be allowed")
+
+	// Verify the rule has all prefixes
+	manager.mutex.RLock()
+	foundRule := false
+	for _, r := range manager.routeRules {
+		if r.id == rule.ID() {
+			foundRule = true
+			require.Len(t, r.destinations, len(initialPrefixes)+len(newPrefixes),
+				"Rule should have all prefixes merged")
+		}
+	}
+	manager.mutex.RUnlock()
+	require.True(t, foundRule, "Rule should be found")
+}
+
+func TestUpdateSetDeduplication(t *testing.T) {
+	ifaceMock := &IFaceMock{
+		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+	}
+
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
+	})
+
+	set := fw.NewDomainSet(domain.List{"example.org"})
+
+	rule, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+		nil,
+		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
+		fw.Network{Set: set},
+		fw.ProtocolTCP,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		fw.ActionAccept,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, rule)
+
+	initialPrefixes := []netip.Prefix{
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24"), // Duplicate
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"), // Duplicate
+	}
+
+	err = manager.UpdateSet(set, initialPrefixes)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Check the internal state for deduplication
+	manager.mutex.RLock()
+	foundRule := false
+	for _, r := range manager.routeRules {
+		if r.id == rule.ID() {
+			foundRule = true
+			// Should have deduplicated to 2 prefixes
+			require.Len(t, r.destinations, 2, "Duplicate prefixes should be removed")
+
+			// Check the prefixes are correct
+			expectedPrefixes := []netip.Prefix{
+				netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24"),
+				netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+			}
+			for i, prefix := range expectedPrefixes {
+				require.True(t, r.destinations[i] == prefix,
+					"Prefix should match expected value")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	manager.mutex.RUnlock()
+	require.True(t, foundRule, "Rule should be found")
+
+	// Test with overlapping prefixes of different sizes
+	overlappingPrefixes := []netip.Prefix{
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/16"),    // More general
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24"),    // More specific (already exists)
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/16"), // More general
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"), // More specific (already exists)
+	}
+
+	err = manager.UpdateSet(set, overlappingPrefixes)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Check that all prefixes are included (no deduplication of overlapping prefixes)
+	manager.mutex.RLock()
+	for _, r := range manager.routeRules {
+		if r.id == rule.ID() {
+			// Should have all 4 prefixes (2 original + 2 new more general ones)
+			require.Len(t, r.destinations, 4,
+				"Overlapping prefixes should not be deduplicated")
+
+			// Verify they're sorted correctly (more specific prefixes should come first)
+			prefixes := make([]string, 0, len(r.destinations))
+			for _, p := range r.destinations {
+				prefixes = append(prefixes, p.String())
+			}
+
+			// Check sorted order
+			require.Equal(t, []string{
+				"10.0.0.0/16",
+				"10.0.0.0/24",
+				"192.168.0.0/16",
+				"192.168.1.0/24",
+			}, prefixes, "Prefixes should be sorted")
+		}
+	}
+	manager.mutex.RUnlock()
+
+	// Test functionality with all prefixes
+	testCases := []struct {
+		dstIP    netip.Addr
+		expected bool
+		desc     string
+	}{
+		{netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.100"), true, "IP in both /16 and /24"},
+		{netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.1.100"), true, "IP only in /16"},
+		{netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.100"), true, "IP in both /16 and /24"},
+		{netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.2.100"), true, "IP only in /16"},
+		{netip.MustParseAddr("172.16.0.100"), false, "IP not in any prefix"},
+	}
+
+	srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.10.0.1")
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		_, isAllowed := manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, tc.dstIP, fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 80)
+		require.Equal(t, tc.expected, isAllowed, tc.desc)
+	}
+}

client/iface/bind/udp_mux.go

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func isZeros(ip net.IP) bool {
 // NewUDPMuxDefault creates an implementation of UDPMux
 func NewUDPMuxDefault(params UDPMuxParams) *UDPMuxDefault {
 	if params.Logger == nil {
-		params.Logger = logging.NewDefaultLoggerFactory().NewLogger("ice")
+		params.Logger = getLogger()
 	}
 
 	mux := &UDPMuxDefault{
@@ -455,3 +455,9 @@ func newBufferHolder(size int) *bufferHolder {
 		buf: make([]byte, size),
 	}
 }
+
+func getLogger() logging.LeveledLogger {
+	fac := logging.NewDefaultLoggerFactory()
+	//fac.Writer = log.StandardLogger().Writer()
+	return fac.NewLogger("ice")
+}

client/iface/bind/udp_mux_universal.go

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ type UniversalUDPMuxParams struct {
 // NewUniversalUDPMuxDefault creates an implementation of UniversalUDPMux embedding UDPMux
 func NewUniversalUDPMuxDefault(params UniversalUDPMuxParams) *UniversalUDPMuxDefault {
 	if params.Logger == nil {
-		params.Logger = logging.NewDefaultLoggerFactory().NewLogger("ice")
+		params.Logger = getLogger()
 	}
 	if params.XORMappedAddrCacheTTL == 0 {
 		params.XORMappedAddrCacheTTL = time.Second * 25
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ func (u *udpConn) performFilterCheck(addr net.Addr) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	if u.address.Network.Contains(a.AsSlice()) {
+	if u.address.Network.Contains(a) {
 		log.Warnf("Address %s is part of the NetBird network %s, refusing to write", addr, u.address)
 		return fmt.Errorf("address %s is part of the NetBird network %s, refusing to write", addr, u.address)
 	}

client/iface/configurer/kernel_unix.go

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ import (
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
 )
 
+var zeroKey wgtypes.Key
+
 type KernelConfigurer struct {
 	deviceName string
 }
@@ -201,14 +203,71 @@ func (c *KernelConfigurer) configure(config wgtypes.Config) error {
 func (c *KernelConfigurer) Close() {
 }
 
-func (c *KernelConfigurer) GetStats(peerKey string) (WGStats, error) {
+func (c *KernelConfigurer) FullStats() (*Stats, error) {
-	peer, err := c.getPeer(c.deviceName, peerKey)
+	wg, err := wgctrl.New()
 	if err != nil {
-		return WGStats{}, fmt.Errorf("get wireguard stats: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wgctl: %w", err)
 	}
-	return WGStats{
+	defer func() {
+		err = wg.Close()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("Got error while closing wgctl: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	wgDevice, err := wg.Device(c.deviceName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get device %s: %w", c.deviceName, err)
+	}
+	fullStats := &Stats{
+		DeviceName: wgDevice.Name,
+		PublicKey:  wgDevice.PublicKey.String(),
+		ListenPort: wgDevice.ListenPort,
+		FWMark:     wgDevice.FirewallMark,
+		Peers:      []Peer{},
+	}
+
+	for _, p := range wgDevice.Peers {
+		peer := Peer{
+			PublicKey:     p.PublicKey.String(),
+			AllowedIPs:    p.AllowedIPs,
+			TxBytes:       p.TransmitBytes,
+			RxBytes:       p.ReceiveBytes,
+			LastHandshake: p.LastHandshakeTime,
+			PresharedKey:  p.PresharedKey != zeroKey,
+		}
+		if p.Endpoint != nil {
+			peer.Endpoint = *p.Endpoint
+		}
+		fullStats.Peers = append(fullStats.Peers, peer)
+	}
+	return fullStats, nil
+}
+
+func (c *KernelConfigurer) GetStats() (map[string]WGStats, error) {
+	stats := make(map[string]WGStats)
+	wg, err := wgctrl.New()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wgctl: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		err = wg.Close()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("Got error while closing wgctl: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	wgDevice, err := wg.Device(c.deviceName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get device %s: %w", c.deviceName, err)
+	}
+
+	for _, peer := range wgDevice.Peers {
+		stats[peer.PublicKey.String()] = WGStats{
 			LastHandshake: peer.LastHandshakeTime,
 			TxBytes:       peer.TransmitBytes,
 			RxBytes:       peer.ReceiveBytes,
-	}, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return stats, nil
 }

client/iface/configurer/usp.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package configurer
 
 import (
+	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
@@ -17,6 +18,20 @@ import (
 	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
 )
 
+const (
+	privateKey                  = "private_key"
+	ipcKeyLastHandshakeTimeSec  = "last_handshake_time_sec"
+	ipcKeyLastHandshakeTimeNsec = "last_handshake_time_nsec"
+	ipcKeyTxBytes               = "tx_bytes"
+	ipcKeyRxBytes               = "rx_bytes"
+	allowedIP                   = "allowed_ip"
+	endpoint                    = "endpoint"
+	fwmark                      = "fwmark"
+	listenPort                  = "listen_port"
+	publicKey                   = "public_key"
+	presharedKey                = "preshared_key"
+)
+
 var ErrAllowedIPNotFound = fmt.Errorf("allowed IP not found")
 
 type WGUSPConfigurer struct {
@@ -178,6 +193,15 @@ func (c *WGUSPConfigurer) RemoveAllowedIP(peerKey string, ip string) error {
 	return c.device.IpcSet(toWgUserspaceString(config))
 }
 
+func (c *WGUSPConfigurer) FullStats() (*Stats, error) {
+	ipcStr, err := c.device.IpcGet()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("IpcGet failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return parseStatus(c.deviceName, ipcStr)
+}
+
 // startUAPI starts the UAPI listener for managing the WireGuard interface via external tool
 func (t *WGUSPConfigurer) startUAPI() {
 	var err error
@@ -217,91 +241,75 @@ func (t *WGUSPConfigurer) Close() {
 	}
 }
 
-func (t *WGUSPConfigurer) GetStats(peerKey string) (WGStats, error) {
+func (t *WGUSPConfigurer) GetStats() (map[string]WGStats, error) {
 	ipc, err := t.device.IpcGet()
 	if err != nil {
-		return WGStats{}, fmt.Errorf("ipc get: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ipc get: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	stats, err := findPeerInfo(ipc, peerKey, []string{
+	return parseTransfers(ipc)
-		"last_handshake_time_sec",
-		"last_handshake_time_nsec",
-		"tx_bytes",
-		"rx_bytes",
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return WGStats{}, fmt.Errorf("find peer info: %w", err)
 }
 
-	sec, err := strconv.ParseInt(stats["last_handshake_time_sec"], 10, 64)
+func parseTransfers(ipc string) (map[string]WGStats, error) {
-	if err != nil {
+	stats := make(map[string]WGStats)
-		return WGStats{}, fmt.Errorf("parse handshake sec: %w", err)
+	var (
-	}
+		currentKey   string
-	nsec, err := strconv.ParseInt(stats["last_handshake_time_nsec"], 10, 64)
+		currentStats WGStats
-	if err != nil {
+		hasPeer      bool
-		return WGStats{}, fmt.Errorf("parse handshake nsec: %w", err)
+	)
-	}
+	lines := strings.Split(ipc, "\n")
-	txBytes, err := strconv.ParseInt(stats["tx_bytes"], 10, 64)
-	if err != nil {
-		return WGStats{}, fmt.Errorf("parse tx_bytes: %w", err)
-	}
-	rxBytes, err := strconv.ParseInt(stats["rx_bytes"], 10, 64)
-	if err != nil {
-		return WGStats{}, fmt.Errorf("parse rx_bytes: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return WGStats{
-		LastHandshake: time.Unix(sec, nsec),
-		TxBytes:       txBytes,
-		RxBytes:       rxBytes,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func findPeerInfo(ipcInput string, peerKey string, searchConfigKeys []string) (map[string]string, error) {
-	peerKeyParsed, err := wgtypes.ParseKey(peerKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse key: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	hexKey := hex.EncodeToString(peerKeyParsed[:])
-
-	lines := strings.Split(ipcInput, "\n")
-
-	configFound := map[string]string{}
-	foundPeer := false
 	for _, line := range lines {
 		line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
 
 		// If we're within the details of the found peer and encounter another public key,
 		// this means we're starting another peer's details. So, stop.
-		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "public_key=") && foundPeer {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "public_key=") {
-			break
+			peerID := strings.TrimPrefix(line, "public_key=")
+			h, err := hex.DecodeString(peerID)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode peerID: %w", err)
+			}
+			currentKey = base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(h)
+			currentStats = WGStats{} // Reset stats for the new peer
+			hasPeer = true
+			stats[currentKey] = currentStats
+			continue
 		}
 
-		// Identify the peer with the specific public key
+		if !hasPeer {
-		if line == fmt.Sprintf("public_key=%s", hexKey) {
+			continue
-			foundPeer = true
 		}
 
-		for _, key := range searchConfigKeys {
+		key := strings.SplitN(line, "=", 2)
-			if foundPeer && strings.HasPrefix(line, key+"=") {
+		if len(key) != 2 {
-				v := strings.SplitN(line, "=", 2)
+			continue
-				configFound[v[0]] = v[1]
 		}
+		switch key[0] {
+		case ipcKeyLastHandshakeTimeSec:
+			hs, err := toLastHandshake(key[1])
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			currentStats.LastHandshake = hs
+			stats[currentKey] = currentStats
+		case ipcKeyRxBytes:
+			rxBytes, err := toBytes(key[1])
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse rx_bytes: %w", err)
+			}
+			currentStats.RxBytes = rxBytes
+			stats[currentKey] = currentStats
+		case ipcKeyTxBytes:
+			TxBytes, err := toBytes(key[1])
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse tx_bytes: %w", err)
+			}
+			currentStats.TxBytes = TxBytes
+			stats[currentKey] = currentStats
 		}
 	}
 
-	// todo: use multierr
+	return stats, nil
-	for _, key := range searchConfigKeys {
-		if _, ok := configFound[key]; !ok {
-			return configFound, fmt.Errorf("config key not found: %s", key)
-		}
-	}
-	if !foundPeer {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrPeerNotFound, peerKey)
-	}
-
-	return configFound, nil
 }
 
 func toWgUserspaceString(wgCfg wgtypes.Config) string {
@@ -355,9 +363,154 @@ func toWgUserspaceString(wgCfg wgtypes.Config) string {
 	return sb.String()
 }
 
+func toLastHandshake(stringVar string) (time.Time, error) {
+	sec, err := strconv.ParseInt(stringVar, 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("parse handshake sec: %w", err)
+	}
+	return time.Unix(sec, 0), nil
+}
+
+func toBytes(s string) (int64, error) {
+	return strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, 64)
+}
+
 func getFwmark() int {
 	if nbnet.AdvancedRouting() {
-		return nbnet.NetbirdFwmark
+		return nbnet.ControlPlaneMark
 	}
 	return 0
 }
+
+func hexToWireguardKey(hexKey string) (wgtypes.Key, error) {
+	// Decode hex string to bytes
+	keyBytes, err := hex.DecodeString(hexKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return wgtypes.Key{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode hex key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Check if we have the right number of bytes (WireGuard keys are 32 bytes)
+	if len(keyBytes) != 32 {
+		return wgtypes.Key{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid key length: expected 32 bytes, got %d", len(keyBytes))
+	}
+
+	// Convert to wgtypes.Key
+	var key wgtypes.Key
+	copy(key[:], keyBytes)
+
+	return key, nil
+}
+
+func parseStatus(deviceName, ipcStr string) (*Stats, error) {
+	stats := &Stats{DeviceName: deviceName}
+	var currentPeer *Peer
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(ipcStr), "\n") {
+		if line == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		parts := strings.SplitN(line, "=", 2)
+		if len(parts) != 2 {
+			continue
+		}
+		key := parts[0]
+		val := parts[1]
+
+		switch key {
+		case privateKey:
+			key, err := hexToWireguardKey(val)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed to parse private key: %v", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			stats.PublicKey = key.PublicKey().String()
+		case publicKey:
+			// Save previous peer
+			if currentPeer != nil {
+				stats.Peers = append(stats.Peers, *currentPeer)
+			}
+			key, err := hexToWireguardKey(val)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed to parse public key: %v", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			currentPeer = &Peer{
+				PublicKey: key.String(),
+			}
+		case listenPort:
+			if port, err := strconv.Atoi(val); err == nil {
+				stats.ListenPort = port
+			}
+		case fwmark:
+			if fwmark, err := strconv.Atoi(val); err == nil {
+				stats.FWMark = fwmark
+			}
+		case endpoint:
+			if currentPeer == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			host, portStr, err := net.SplitHostPort(strings.Trim(val, "[]"))
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed to parse endpoint: %v", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			port, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed to parse endpoint port: %v", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			currentPeer.Endpoint = net.UDPAddr{
+				IP:   net.ParseIP(host),
+				Port: port,
+			}
+		case allowedIP:
+			if currentPeer == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			_, ipnet, err := net.ParseCIDR(val)
+			if err == nil {
+				currentPeer.AllowedIPs = append(currentPeer.AllowedIPs, *ipnet)
+			}
+		case ipcKeyTxBytes:
+			if currentPeer == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			rxBytes, err := toBytes(val)
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			currentPeer.TxBytes = rxBytes
+		case ipcKeyRxBytes:
+			if currentPeer == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			rxBytes, err := toBytes(val)
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			currentPeer.RxBytes = rxBytes
+
+		case ipcKeyLastHandshakeTimeSec:
+			if currentPeer == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			ts, err := toLastHandshake(val)
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			currentPeer.LastHandshake = ts
+		case presharedKey:
+			if currentPeer == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			if val != "" {
+				currentPeer.PresharedKey = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if currentPeer != nil {
+		stats.Peers = append(stats.Peers, *currentPeer)
+	}
+	return stats, nil
+}

client/iface/configurer/usp_test.go

@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@ package configurer
 
 import (
 	"encoding/hex"
-	"fmt"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
 )
@@ -34,58 +32,35 @@ errno=0
 
 `
 
-func Test_findPeerInfo(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_parseTransfers(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name    string
 		peerKey string
-		searchKeys []string
+		want    WGStats
-		want       map[string]string
-		wantErr    bool
 	}{
 		{
 			name:    "single",
-			peerKey:    "58402e695ba1772b1cc9309755f043251ea77fdcf10fbe63989ceb7e19321376",
+			peerKey: "b85996fecc9c7f1fc6d2572a76eda11d59bcd20be8e543b15ce4bd85a8e75a33",
-			searchKeys: []string{"tx_bytes"},
+			want: WGStats{
-			want: map[string]string{
+				TxBytes: 0,
-				"tx_bytes": "38333",
+				RxBytes: 0,
 			},
-			wantErr: false,
 		},
 		{
 			name:    "multiple",
 			peerKey: "58402e695ba1772b1cc9309755f043251ea77fdcf10fbe63989ceb7e19321376",
-			searchKeys: []string{"tx_bytes", "rx_bytes"},
+			want: WGStats{
-			want: map[string]string{
+				TxBytes: 38333,
-				"tx_bytes": "38333",
+				RxBytes: 2224,
-				"rx_bytes": "2224",
 			},
-			wantErr: false,
 		},
 		{
 			name:    "lastpeer",
 			peerKey: "662e14fd594556f522604703340351258903b64f35553763f19426ab2a515c58",
-			searchKeys: []string{"tx_bytes", "rx_bytes"},
+			want: WGStats{
-			want: map[string]string{
+				TxBytes: 1212111,
-				"tx_bytes": "1212111",
+				RxBytes: 1929999999,
-				"rx_bytes": "1929999999",
 			},
-			wantErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "peer not found",
-			peerKey:    "1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111",
-			searchKeys: nil,
-			want:       nil,
-			wantErr:    true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "key not found",
-			peerKey:    "662e14fd594556f522604703340351258903b64f35553763f19426ab2a515c58",
-			searchKeys: []string{"tx_bytes", "unknown_key"},
-			want: map[string]string{
-				"tx_bytes": "1212111",
-			},
-			wantErr: true,
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -96,9 +71,19 @@ func Test_findPeerInfo(t *testing.T) {
 			key, err := wgtypes.NewKey(res)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			got, err := findPeerInfo(ipcFixture, key.String(), tt.searchKeys)
+			stats, err := parseTransfers(ipcFixture)
-			assert.Equalf(t, tt.wantErr, err != nil, fmt.Sprintf("findPeerInfo(%v, %v, %v)", ipcFixture, key.String(), tt.searchKeys))
+			if err != nil {
-			assert.Equalf(t, tt.want, got, "findPeerInfo(%v, %v, %v)", ipcFixture, key.String(), tt.searchKeys)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				return
+			}
+
+			stat, ok := stats[key.String()]
+			if !ok {
+				require.True(t, ok)
+				return
+			}
+
+			require.Equal(t, tt.want, stat)
 		})
 	}
 }

client/iface/configurer/wgshow.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package configurer
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type Peer struct {
+	PublicKey     string
+	Endpoint      net.UDPAddr
+	AllowedIPs    []net.IPNet
+	TxBytes       int64
+	RxBytes       int64
+	LastHandshake time.Time
+	PresharedKey  bool
+}
+
+type Stats struct {
+	DeviceName string
+	PublicKey  string
+	ListenPort int
+	FWMark     int
+	Peers      []Peer
+}

client/iface/device/device_android.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/bind"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/configurer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
 )
 
 // WGTunDevice ignore the WGTunDevice interface on Android because the creation of the tun device is different on this platform
@@ -43,11 +44,11 @@ func NewTunDevice(address wgaddr.Address, port int, key string, mtu int, iceBind
 	}
 }
 
-func (t *WGTunDevice) Create(routes []string, dns string, searchDomains []string) (WGConfigurer, error) {
+func (t *WGTunDevice) Create(routes []string, dns string, searchDomains domain.List) (WGConfigurer, error) {
 	log.Info("create tun interface")
 
 	routesString := routesToString(routes)
-	searchDomainsToString := searchDomainsToString(searchDomains)
+	searchDomainsToString := searchDomainsToString(searchDomains.ToPunycodeList())
 
 	fd, err := t.tunAdapter.ConfigureInterface(t.address.String(), t.mtu, dns, searchDomainsToString, routesString)
 	if err != nil {

client/iface/device/device_filter.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package device
 
 import (
-	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"sync"
 
@@ -24,9 +23,6 @@ type PacketFilter interface {
 
 	// RemovePacketHook removes hook by ID
 	RemovePacketHook(hookID string) error
-
-	// SetNetwork of the wireguard interface to which filtering applied
-	SetNetwork(*net.IPNet)
 }
 
 // FilteredDevice to override Read or Write of packets

client/iface/device/device_netstack.go

@@ -51,7 +51,11 @@ func (t *TunNetstackDevice) Create() (WGConfigurer, error) {
 	log.Info("create nbnetstack tun interface")
 
 	// TODO: get from service listener runtime IP
-	dnsAddr := nbnet.GetLastIPFromNetwork(t.address.Network, 1)
+	dnsAddr, err := nbnet.GetLastIPFromNetwork(t.address.Network, 1)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("last ip: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	log.Debugf("netstack using address: %s", t.address.IP)
 	t.nsTun = nbnetstack.NewNetStackTun(t.listenAddress, t.address.IP, dnsAddr, t.mtu)
 	log.Debugf("netstack using dns address: %s", dnsAddr)

client/iface/device/interface.go

@@ -16,5 +16,6 @@ type WGConfigurer interface {
 	AddAllowedIP(peerKey string, allowedIP string) error
 	RemoveAllowedIP(peerKey string, allowedIP string) error
 	Close()
-	GetStats(peerKey string) (configurer.WGStats, error)
+	GetStats() (map[string]configurer.WGStats, error)
+	FullStats() (*configurer.Stats, error)
 }

client/iface/device/wg_link_freebsd.go

@@ -64,7 +64,15 @@ func (l *wgLink) assignAddr(address wgaddr.Address) error {
 	}
 
 	ip := address.IP.String()
-	mask := "0x" + address.Network.Mask.String()
+
+	// Convert prefix length to hex netmask
+	prefixLen := address.Network.Bits()
+	if !address.IP.Is4() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("IPv6 not supported for interface assignment")
+	}
+
+	maskBits := uint32(0xffffffff) << (32 - prefixLen)
+	mask := fmt.Sprintf("0x%08x", maskBits)
 
 	log.Infof("assign addr %s mask %s to %s interface", ip, mask, l.name)
 

client/iface/device_android.go

@@ -8,10 +8,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/bind"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
 )
 
 type WGTunDevice interface {
-	Create(routes []string, dns string, searchDomains []string) (device.WGConfigurer, error)
+	Create(routes []string, dns string, searchDomains domain.List) (device.WGConfigurer, error)
 	Up() (*bind.UniversalUDPMuxDefault, error)
 	UpdateAddr(address wgaddr.Address) error
 	WgAddress() wgaddr.Address

client/iface/iface.go

@@ -185,7 +185,6 @@ func (w *WGIface) SetFilter(filter device.PacketFilter) error {
 	}
 
 	w.filter = filter
-	w.filter.SetNetwork(w.tun.WgAddress().Network)
 
 	w.tun.FilteredDevice().SetFilter(filter)
 	return nil
@@ -212,9 +211,13 @@ func (w *WGIface) GetWGDevice() *wgdevice.Device {
 	return w.tun.Device()
 }
 
-// GetStats returns the last handshake time, rx and tx bytes for the given peer
+// GetStats returns the last handshake time, rx and tx bytes
-func (w *WGIface) GetStats(peerKey string) (configurer.WGStats, error) {
+func (w *WGIface) GetStats() (map[string]configurer.WGStats, error) {
-	return w.configurer.GetStats(peerKey)
+	return w.configurer.GetStats()
+}
+
+func (w *WGIface) FullStats() (*configurer.Stats, error) {
+	return w.configurer.FullStats()
 }
 
 func (w *WGIface) waitUntilRemoved() error {

client/iface/iface_create.go

@@ -2,7 +2,11 @@
 
 package iface
 
-import "fmt"
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
+)
 
 // Create creates a new Wireguard interface, sets a given IP and brings it up.
 // Will reuse an existing one.
@@ -21,6 +25,6 @@ func (w *WGIface) Create() error {
 }
 
 // CreateOnAndroid this function make sense on mobile only
-func (w *WGIface) CreateOnAndroid([]string, string, []string) error {
+func (w *WGIface) CreateOnAndroid([]string, string, domain.List) error {
 	return fmt.Errorf("this function has not implemented on non mobile")
 }

client/iface/iface_create_android.go

@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@ package iface
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
 )
 
 // CreateOnAndroid creates a new Wireguard interface, sets a given IP and brings it up.
 // Will reuse an existing one.
-func (w *WGIface) CreateOnAndroid(routes []string, dns string, searchDomains []string) error {
+func (w *WGIface) CreateOnAndroid(routes []string, dns string, searchDomains domain.List) error {
 	w.mu.Lock()
 	defer w.mu.Unlock()
 

client/iface/iface_create_darwin.go

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
 )
 
 // Create creates a new Wireguard interface, sets a given IP and brings it up.
@@ -36,6 +38,6 @@ func (w *WGIface) Create() error {
 }
 
 // CreateOnAndroid this function make sense on mobile only
-func (w *WGIface) CreateOnAndroid([]string, string, []string) error {
+func (w *WGIface) CreateOnAndroid([]string, string, domain.List) error {
 	return fmt.Errorf("this function has not implemented on this platform")
 }

client/iface/mocks/filter.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 package mocks
 
 import (
-	net "net"
 	"net/netip"
 	reflect "reflect"
 
@@ -90,15 +89,3 @@ func (mr *MockPacketFilterMockRecorder) RemovePacketHook(arg0 interface{}) *gomo
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "RemovePacketHook", reflect.TypeOf((*MockPacketFilter)(nil).RemovePacketHook), arg0)
 }
-
-// SetNetwork mocks base method.
-func (m *MockPacketFilter) SetNetwork(arg0 *net.IPNet) {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	m.ctrl.Call(m, "SetNetwork", arg0)
-}
-
-// SetNetwork indicates an expected call of SetNetwork.
-func (mr *MockPacketFilterMockRecorder) SetNetwork(arg0 interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SetNetwork", reflect.TypeOf((*MockPacketFilter)(nil).SetNetwork), arg0)
-}

client/iface/netstack/tun.go

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 package netstack
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
@@ -15,8 +13,8 @@ import (
 const EnvSkipProxy = "NB_NETSTACK_SKIP_PROXY"
 
 type NetStackTun struct { //nolint:revive
-	address       net.IP
+	address       netip.Addr
-	dnsAddress    net.IP
+	dnsAddress    netip.Addr
 	mtu           int
 	listenAddress string
 
@@ -24,7 +22,7 @@ type NetStackTun struct { //nolint:revive
 	tundev tun.Device
 }
 
-func NewNetStackTun(listenAddress string, address net.IP, dnsAddress net.IP, mtu int) *NetStackTun {
+func NewNetStackTun(listenAddress string, address netip.Addr, dnsAddress netip.Addr, mtu int) *NetStackTun {
 	return &NetStackTun{
 		address:       address,
 		dnsAddress:    dnsAddress,
@@ -34,19 +32,9 @@ func NewNetStackTun(listenAddress string, address net.IP, dnsAddress net.IP, mtu
 }
 
 func (t *NetStackTun) Create() (tun.Device, *netstack.Net, error) {
-	addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(t.address)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("convert address to netip.Addr: %v", t.address)
-	}
-
-	dnsAddr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(t.dnsAddress)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("convert dns address to netip.Addr: %v", t.dnsAddress)
-	}
-
 	nsTunDev, tunNet, err := netstack.CreateNetTUN(
-		[]netip.Addr{addr.Unmap()},
+		[]netip.Addr{t.address},
-		[]netip.Addr{dnsAddr.Unmap()},
+		[]netip.Addr{t.dnsAddress},
 		t.mtu)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err

client/iface/wgaddr/address.go

@@ -2,28 +2,27 @@ package wgaddr
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 )
 
 // Address WireGuard parsed address
 type Address struct {
-	IP      net.IP
+	IP      netip.Addr
-	Network *net.IPNet
+	Network netip.Prefix
 }
 
 // ParseWGAddress parse a string ("1.2.3.4/24") address to WG Address
 func ParseWGAddress(address string) (Address, error) {
-	ip, network, err := net.ParseCIDR(address)
+	prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(address)
 	if err != nil {
 		return Address{}, err
 	}
 	return Address{
-		IP:      ip,
+		IP:      prefix.Addr().Unmap(),
-		Network: network,
+		Network: prefix.Masked(),
 	}, nil
 }
 
 func (addr Address) String() string {
-	maskSize, _ := addr.Network.Mask.Size()
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%d", addr.IP.String(), addr.Network.Bits())
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%d", addr.IP.String(), maskSize)
 }

client/installer.nsis

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 
 !define AUTOSTART_REG_KEY "Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run"
 
+!define NETBIRD_DATA_DIR "$COMMONPROGRAMDATA\Netbird"
+
 Unicode True
 
 ######################################################################
@@ -49,6 +51,10 @@ ShowInstDetails Show
 
 ######################################################################
 
+!include "MUI2.nsh"
+!include LogicLib.nsh
+!include "nsDialogs.nsh"
+
 !define MUI_ICON "${ICON}"
 !define MUI_UNICON "${ICON}"
 !define MUI_WELCOMEFINISHPAGE_BITMAP "${BANNER}"
@@ -58,9 +64,6 @@ ShowInstDetails Show
 !define MUI_FINISHPAGE_RUN_FUNCTION "LaunchLink"
 ######################################################################
 
-!include "MUI2.nsh"
-!include LogicLib.nsh
-
 !define MUI_ABORTWARNING
 !define MUI_UNABORTWARNING
 
@@ -70,13 +73,16 @@ ShowInstDetails Show
 
 !insertmacro MUI_PAGE_DIRECTORY
 
-; Custom page for autostart checkbox
 Page custom AutostartPage AutostartPageLeave
 
 !insertmacro MUI_PAGE_INSTFILES
 
 !insertmacro MUI_PAGE_FINISH
 
+!insertmacro MUI_UNPAGE_WELCOME
+
+UninstPage custom un.DeleteDataPage un.DeleteDataPageLeave
+
 !insertmacro MUI_UNPAGE_CONFIRM
 
 !insertmacro MUI_UNPAGE_INSTFILES
@@ -89,6 +95,10 @@ Page custom AutostartPage AutostartPageLeave
 Var AutostartCheckbox
 Var AutostartEnabled
 
+; Variables for uninstall data deletion option
+Var DeleteDataCheckbox
+Var DeleteDataEnabled
+
 ######################################################################
 
 ; Function to create the autostart options page
@@ -104,8 +114,8 @@ Function AutostartPage
 
   ${NSD_CreateCheckbox} 0 20u 100% 10u "Start ${APP_NAME} UI automatically when Windows starts"
   Pop $AutostartCheckbox
-  ${NSD_Check} $AutostartCheckbox ; Default to checked
+  ${NSD_Check} $AutostartCheckbox
-  StrCpy $AutostartEnabled "1" ; Default to enabled
+  StrCpy $AutostartEnabled "1"
 
   nsDialogs::Show
 FunctionEnd
@@ -115,6 +125,30 @@ Function AutostartPageLeave
   ${NSD_GetState} $AutostartCheckbox $AutostartEnabled
 FunctionEnd
 
+; Function to create the uninstall data deletion page
+Function un.DeleteDataPage
+  !insertmacro MUI_HEADER_TEXT "Uninstall Options" "Choose whether to delete ${APP_NAME} data."
+
+  nsDialogs::Create 1018
+  Pop $0
+
+  ${If} $0 == error
+    Abort
+  ${EndIf}
+
+  ${NSD_CreateCheckbox} 0 20u 100% 10u "Delete all ${APP_NAME} configuration and state data (${NETBIRD_DATA_DIR})"
+  Pop $DeleteDataCheckbox
+  ${NSD_Uncheck} $DeleteDataCheckbox
+  StrCpy $DeleteDataEnabled "0"
+
+  nsDialogs::Show
+FunctionEnd
+
+; Function to handle leaving the data deletion page
+Function un.DeleteDataPageLeave
+  ${NSD_GetState} $DeleteDataCheckbox $DeleteDataEnabled
+FunctionEnd
+
 Function GetAppFromCommand
 Exch $1
 Push $2
@@ -225,31 +259,58 @@ SectionEnd
 Section Uninstall
 ${INSTALL_TYPE}
 
+DetailPrint "Stopping Netbird service..."
 ExecWait '"$INSTDIR\${MAIN_APP_EXE}" service stop'
+DetailPrint "Uninstalling Netbird service..."
 ExecWait '"$INSTDIR\${MAIN_APP_EXE}" service uninstall'
 
-# kill ui client
+DetailPrint "Terminating Netbird UI process..."
 ExecWait `taskkill /im ${UI_APP_EXE}.exe /f`
 
 ; Remove autostart registry entry
+DetailPrint "Removing autostart registry entry if exists..."
 DeleteRegValue HKCU "${AUTOSTART_REG_KEY}" "${APP_NAME}"
 
+; Handle data deletion based on checkbox
+DetailPrint "Checking if user requested data deletion..."
+${If} $DeleteDataEnabled == "1"
+    DetailPrint "User opted to delete Netbird data. Removing ${NETBIRD_DATA_DIR}..."
+    ClearErrors
+    RMDir /r "${NETBIRD_DATA_DIR}"
+    IfErrors 0 +2 ; If no errors, jump over the message
+    DetailPrint "Error deleting Netbird data directory. It might be in use or already removed."
+    DetailPrint "Netbird data directory removal complete."
+${Else}
+    DetailPrint "User did not opt to delete Netbird data."
+${EndIf}
+
 # wait the service uninstall take unblock the executable
+DetailPrint "Waiting for service handle to be released..."
 Sleep 3000
+
+DetailPrint "Deleting application files..."
 Delete "$INSTDIR\${UI_APP_EXE}"
 Delete "$INSTDIR\${MAIN_APP_EXE}"
 Delete "$INSTDIR\wintun.dll"
 Delete "$INSTDIR\opengl32.dll"
+DetailPrint "Removing application directory..."
 RmDir /r "$INSTDIR"
 
+DetailPrint "Removing shortcuts..."
 SetShellVarContext all
 Delete "$DESKTOP\${APP_NAME}.lnk"
 Delete "$SMPROGRAMS\${APP_NAME}.lnk"
 
+DetailPrint "Removing registry keys..."
 DeleteRegKey ${REG_ROOT} "${REG_APP_PATH}"
 DeleteRegKey ${REG_ROOT} "${UNINSTALL_PATH}"
+DeleteRegKey ${REG_ROOT} "${UI_REG_APP_PATH}"
+
+DetailPrint "Removing application directory from PATH..."
 EnVar::SetHKLM
 EnVar::DeleteValue "path" "$INSTDIR"
+
+DetailPrint "Uninstallation finished."
 SectionEnd
 
 

client/internal/acl/id/id.go

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ func (r RuleID) ID() string {
 
 func GenerateRouteRuleKey(
 	sources []netip.Prefix,
-	destination netip.Prefix,
+	destination manager.Network,
 	proto manager.Protocol,
 	sPort *manager.Port,
 	dPort *manager.Port,

client/internal/acl/manager.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl/id"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
 	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/proto"
 )
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ var ErrSourceRangesEmpty = errors.New("sources range is empty")
 
 // Manager is a ACL rules manager
 type Manager interface {
-	ApplyFiltering(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap)
+	ApplyFiltering(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap, dnsRouteFeatureFlag bool)
 }
 
 type protoMatch struct {
@@ -53,10 +54,15 @@ func NewDefaultManager(fm firewall.Manager) *DefaultManager {
 // ApplyFiltering firewall rules to the local firewall manager processed by ACL policy.
 //
 // If allowByDefault is true it appends allow ALL traffic rules to input and output chains.
-func (d *DefaultManager) ApplyFiltering(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) {
+func (d *DefaultManager) ApplyFiltering(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap, dnsRouteFeatureFlag bool) {
 	d.mutex.Lock()
 	defer d.mutex.Unlock()
 
+	if d.firewall == nil {
+		log.Debug("firewall manager is not supported, skipping firewall rules")
+		return
+	}
+
 	start := time.Now()
 	defer func() {
 		total := 0
@@ -68,21 +74,9 @@ func (d *DefaultManager) ApplyFiltering(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) {
 			time.Since(start), total)
 	}()
 
-	if d.firewall == nil {
-		log.Debug("firewall manager is not supported, skipping firewall rules")
-		return
-	}
-
 	d.applyPeerACLs(networkMap)
 
-	// If we got empty rules list but management did not set the networkMap.FirewallRulesIsEmpty flag,
+	if err := d.applyRouteACLs(networkMap.RoutesFirewallRules, dnsRouteFeatureFlag); err != nil {
-	// then the mgmt server is older than the client, and we need to allow all traffic for routes
-	isLegacy := len(networkMap.RoutesFirewallRules) == 0 && !networkMap.RoutesFirewallRulesIsEmpty
-	if err := d.firewall.SetLegacyManagement(isLegacy); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to set legacy management flag: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := d.applyRouteACLs(networkMap.RoutesFirewallRules); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("Failed to apply route ACLs: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -176,16 +170,16 @@ func (d *DefaultManager) applyPeerACLs(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) {
 	d.peerRulesPairs = newRulePairs
 }
 
-func (d *DefaultManager) applyRouteACLs(rules []*mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule) error {
+func (d *DefaultManager) applyRouteACLs(rules []*mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule, dynamicResolver bool) error {
 	newRouteRules := make(map[id.RuleID]struct{}, len(rules))
 	var merr *multierror.Error
 
 	// Apply new rules - firewall manager will return existing rule ID if already present
 	for _, rule := range rules {
-		id, err := d.applyRouteACL(rule)
+		id, err := d.applyRouteACL(rule, dynamicResolver)
 		if err != nil {
 			if errors.Is(err, ErrSourceRangesEmpty) {
-				log.Debugf("skipping empty rule with destination %s: %v", rule.Destination, err)
+				log.Debugf("skipping empty sources rule with destination %s: %v", rule.Destination, err)
 			} else {
 				merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("add route rule: %w", err))
 			}
@@ -208,7 +202,7 @@ func (d *DefaultManager) applyRouteACLs(rules []*mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule) err
 	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
-func (d *DefaultManager) applyRouteACL(rule *mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule) (id.RuleID, error) {
+func (d *DefaultManager) applyRouteACL(rule *mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule, dynamicResolver bool) (id.RuleID, error) {
 	if len(rule.SourceRanges) == 0 {
 		return "", ErrSourceRangesEmpty
 	}
@@ -222,15 +216,9 @@ func (d *DefaultManager) applyRouteACL(rule *mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule) (id.Rul
 		sources = append(sources, source)
 	}
 
-	var destination netip.Prefix
+	destination, err := determineDestination(rule, dynamicResolver, sources)
-	if rule.IsDynamic {
-		destination = getDefault(sources[0])
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		destination, err = netip.ParsePrefix(rule.Destination)
 	if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("parse destination: %w", err)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("determine destination: %w", err)
-		}
 	}
 
 	protocol, err := convertToFirewallProtocol(rule.Protocol)
@@ -296,8 +284,10 @@ func (d *DefaultManager) protoRuleToFirewallRule(
 	case mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN:
 		rules, err = d.addInRules(r.PolicyID, ip, protocol, port, action, ipsetName)
 	case mgmProto.RuleDirection_OUT:
-		// TODO: Remove this soon. Outbound rules are obsolete.
+		if d.firewall.IsStateful() {
-		// We only maintain this for return traffic (inbound dir) which is now handled by the stateful firewall already
+			return "", nil, nil
+		}
+		// return traffic for outbound connections if firewall is stateless
 		rules, err = d.addOutRules(r.PolicyID, ip, protocol, port, action, ipsetName)
 	default:
 		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid direction, skipping firewall rule")
@@ -580,6 +570,33 @@ func convertPortInfo(portInfo *mgmProto.PortInfo) *firewall.Port {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func determineDestination(rule *mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule, dynamicResolver bool, sources []netip.Prefix) (firewall.Network, error) {
+	var destination firewall.Network
+
+	if rule.IsDynamic {
+		if dynamicResolver {
+			if len(rule.Domains) > 0 {
+				destination.Set = firewall.NewDomainSet(domain.FromPunycodeList(rule.Domains))
+			} else {
+				// isDynamic is set but no domains = outdated management server
+				log.Warn("connected to an older version of management server (no domains in rules), using default destination")
+				destination.Prefix = getDefault(sources[0])
+			}
+		} else {
+			// client resolves DNS, we (router) don't know the destination
+			destination.Prefix = getDefault(sources[0])
+		}
+		return destination, nil
+	}
+
+	prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(rule.Destination)
+	if err != nil {
+		return destination, fmt.Errorf("parse destination: %w", err)
+	}
+	destination.Prefix = prefix
+	return destination, nil
+}
+
 func getDefault(prefix netip.Prefix) netip.Prefix {
 	if prefix.Addr().Is6() {
 		return netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0)

client/internal/acl/manager_test.go

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 package acl
 
 import (
-	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl/mocks"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow"
@@ -42,35 +43,31 @@ func TestDefaultManager(t *testing.T) {
 	ifaceMock := mocks.NewMockIFaceMapper(ctrl)
 	ifaceMock.EXPECT().IsUserspaceBind().Return(true).AnyTimes()
 	ifaceMock.EXPECT().SetFilter(gomock.Any())
-	ip, network, err := net.ParseCIDR("172.0.0.1/32")
+	network := netip.MustParsePrefix("172.0.0.1/32")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to parse IP address: %v", err)
-	}
 
 	ifaceMock.EXPECT().Name().Return("lo").AnyTimes()
 	ifaceMock.EXPECT().Address().Return(wgaddr.Address{
-		IP:      ip,
+		IP:      network.Addr(),
 		Network: network,
 	}).AnyTimes()
 	ifaceMock.EXPECT().GetWGDevice().Return(nil).AnyTimes()
 
-	// we receive one rule from the management so for testing purposes ignore it
 	fw, err := firewall.NewFirewall(ifaceMock, nil, flowLogger, false)
-	if err != nil {
+	require.NoError(t, err)
-		t.Errorf("create firewall: %v", err)
+	defer func() {
-		return
+		err = fw.Close(nil)
-	}
+		require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer func(fw manager.Manager) {
+	}()
-		_ = fw.Close(nil)
+
-	}(fw)
 	acl := NewDefaultManager(fw)
 
 	t.Run("apply firewall rules", func(t *testing.T) {
-		acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap)
+		acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap, false)
 
-		if len(acl.peerRulesPairs) != 2 {
+		if fw.IsStateful() {
-			t.Errorf("firewall rules not applied: %v", acl.peerRulesPairs)
+			assert.Equal(t, 0, len(acl.peerRulesPairs))
-			return
+		} else {
+			assert.Equal(t, 2, len(acl.peerRulesPairs))
 		}
 	})
 
@@ -92,14 +89,15 @@ func TestDefaultManager(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		)
 
-		acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap)
+		acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap, false)
 
-		// we should have one old and one new rule in the existed rules
+		expectedRules := 2
-		if len(acl.peerRulesPairs) != 2 {
+		if fw.IsStateful() {
-			t.Errorf("firewall rules not applied")
+			expectedRules = 1 // only the inbound rule
-			return
 		}
 
+		assert.Equal(t, expectedRules, len(acl.peerRulesPairs))
+
 		// check that old rule was removed
 		previousCount := 0
 		for id := range acl.peerRulesPairs {
@@ -107,26 +105,86 @@ func TestDefaultManager(t *testing.T) {
 				previousCount++
 			}
 		}
-		if previousCount != 1 {
+
-			t.Errorf("old rule was not removed")
+		expectedPreviousCount := 0
+		if !fw.IsStateful() {
+			expectedPreviousCount = 1
 		}
+		assert.Equal(t, expectedPreviousCount, previousCount)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("handle default rules", func(t *testing.T) {
 		networkMap.FirewallRules = networkMap.FirewallRules[:0]
 
 		networkMap.FirewallRulesIsEmpty = true
-		if acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap); len(acl.peerRulesPairs) != 0 {
+		acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap, false)
-			t.Errorf("rules should be empty if FirewallRulesIsEmpty is set, got: %v", len(acl.peerRulesPairs))
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, len(acl.peerRulesPairs))
-			return
-		}
 
 		networkMap.FirewallRulesIsEmpty = false
-		acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap)
+		acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap, false)
-		if len(acl.peerRulesPairs) != 1 {
+
-			t.Errorf("rules should contain 1 rules if FirewallRulesIsEmpty is not set, got: %v", len(acl.peerRulesPairs))
+		expectedRules := 1
-			return
+		if fw.IsStateful() {
+			expectedRules = 1 // only inbound allow-all rule
 		}
+		assert.Equal(t, expectedRules, len(acl.peerRulesPairs))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDefaultManagerStateless(t *testing.T) {
+	// stateless currently only in userspace, so we have to disable kernel
+	t.Setenv("NB_WG_KERNEL_DISABLED", "true")
+	t.Setenv("NB_DISABLE_CONNTRACK", "true")
+
+	networkMap := &mgmProto.NetworkMap{
+		FirewallRules: []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{
+			{
+				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.1",
+				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_OUT,
+				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
+				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
+				Port:      "80",
+			},
+			{
+				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.2",
+				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
+				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
+				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_UDP,
+				Port:      "53",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	ifaceMock := mocks.NewMockIFaceMapper(ctrl)
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().IsUserspaceBind().Return(true).AnyTimes()
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().SetFilter(gomock.Any())
+	network := netip.MustParsePrefix("172.0.0.1/32")
+
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().Name().Return("lo").AnyTimes()
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().Address().Return(wgaddr.Address{
+		IP:      network.Addr(),
+		Network: network,
+	}).AnyTimes()
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().GetWGDevice().Return(nil).AnyTimes()
+
+	fw, err := firewall.NewFirewall(ifaceMock, nil, flowLogger, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() {
+		err = fw.Close(nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}()
+
+	acl := NewDefaultManager(fw)
+
+	t.Run("stateless firewall creates outbound rules", func(t *testing.T) {
+		acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap, false)
+
+		// In stateless mode, we should have both inbound and outbound rules
+		assert.False(t, fw.IsStateful())
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, len(acl.peerRulesPairs))
 	})
 }
 
@@ -192,42 +250,19 @@ func TestDefaultManagerSquashRules(t *testing.T) {
 
 	manager := &DefaultManager{}
 	rules, _ := manager.squashAcceptRules(networkMap)
-	if len(rules) != 2 {
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, len(rules))
-		t.Errorf("rules should contain 2, got: %v", rules)
-		return
-	}
 
 	r := rules[0]
-	switch {
+	assert.Equal(t, "0.0.0.0", r.PeerIP)
-	case r.PeerIP != "0.0.0.0":
+	assert.Equal(t, mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN, r.Direction)
-		t.Errorf("IP should be 0.0.0.0, got: %v", r.PeerIP)
+	assert.Equal(t, mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL, r.Protocol)
-		return
+	assert.Equal(t, mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT, r.Action)
-	case r.Direction != mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN:
-		t.Errorf("direction should be IN, got: %v", r.Direction)
-		return
-	case r.Protocol != mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL:
-		t.Errorf("protocol should be ALL, got: %v", r.Protocol)
-		return
-	case r.Action != mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT:
-		t.Errorf("action should be ACCEPT, got: %v", r.Action)
-		return
-	}
 
 	r = rules[1]
-	switch {
+	assert.Equal(t, "0.0.0.0", r.PeerIP)
-	case r.PeerIP != "0.0.0.0":
+	assert.Equal(t, mgmProto.RuleDirection_OUT, r.Direction)
-		t.Errorf("IP should be 0.0.0.0, got: %v", r.PeerIP)
+	assert.Equal(t, mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL, r.Protocol)
-		return
+	assert.Equal(t, mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT, r.Action)
-	case r.Direction != mgmProto.RuleDirection_OUT:
-		t.Errorf("direction should be OUT, got: %v", r.Direction)
-		return
-	case r.Protocol != mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL:
-		t.Errorf("protocol should be ALL, got: %v", r.Protocol)
-		return
-	case r.Action != mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT:
-		t.Errorf("action should be ACCEPT, got: %v", r.Action)
-		return
-	}
 }
 
 func TestDefaultManagerSquashRulesNoAffect(t *testing.T) {
@@ -291,9 +326,8 @@ func TestDefaultManagerSquashRulesNoAffect(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	manager := &DefaultManager{}
-	if rules, _ := manager.squashAcceptRules(networkMap); len(rules) != len(networkMap.FirewallRules) {
+	rules, _ := manager.squashAcceptRules(networkMap)
-		t.Errorf("we should get the same amount of rules as output, got %v", len(rules))
+	assert.Equal(t, len(networkMap.FirewallRules), len(rules))
-	}
 }
 
 func TestDefaultManagerEnableSSHRules(t *testing.T) {
@@ -336,33 +370,29 @@ func TestDefaultManagerEnableSSHRules(t *testing.T) {
 	ifaceMock := mocks.NewMockIFaceMapper(ctrl)
 	ifaceMock.EXPECT().IsUserspaceBind().Return(true).AnyTimes()
 	ifaceMock.EXPECT().SetFilter(gomock.Any())
-	ip, network, err := net.ParseCIDR("172.0.0.1/32")
+	network := netip.MustParsePrefix("172.0.0.1/32")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to parse IP address: %v", err)
-	}
 
 	ifaceMock.EXPECT().Name().Return("lo").AnyTimes()
 	ifaceMock.EXPECT().Address().Return(wgaddr.Address{
-		IP:      ip,
+		IP:      network.Addr(),
 		Network: network,
 	}).AnyTimes()
 	ifaceMock.EXPECT().GetWGDevice().Return(nil).AnyTimes()
 
-	// we receive one rule from the management so for testing purposes ignore it
 	fw, err := firewall.NewFirewall(ifaceMock, nil, flowLogger, false)
-	if err != nil {
+	require.NoError(t, err)
-		t.Errorf("create firewall: %v", err)
+	defer func() {
-		return
+		err = fw.Close(nil)
-	}
+		require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer func(fw manager.Manager) {
+	}()
-		_ = fw.Close(nil)
+
-	}(fw)
 	acl := NewDefaultManager(fw)
 
-	acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap)
+	acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap, false)
 
-	if len(acl.peerRulesPairs) != 3 {
+	expectedRules := 3
-		t.Errorf("expect 3 rules (last must be SSH), got: %d", len(acl.peerRulesPairs))
+	if fw.IsStateful() {
-		return
+		expectedRules = 3 // 2 inbound rules + SSH rule
 	}
+	assert.Equal(t, expectedRules, len(acl.peerRulesPairs))
 }

client/internal/auth/oauth.go

@@ -64,13 +64,8 @@ func (t TokenInfo) GetTokenToUse() string {
 // and if that also fails, the authentication process is deemed unsuccessful
 //
 // On Linux distros without desktop environment support, it only tries to initialize the Device Code Flow
-func NewOAuthFlow(ctx context.Context, config *internal.Config, isLinuxDesktopClient bool) (OAuthFlow, error) {
+func NewOAuthFlow(ctx context.Context, config *internal.Config, isUnixDesktopClient bool) (OAuthFlow, error) {
-	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" && !isLinuxDesktopClient {
+	if (runtime.GOOS == "linux" || runtime.GOOS == "freebsd") && !isUnixDesktopClient {
-		return authenticateWithDeviceCodeFlow(ctx, config)
-	}
-
-	// On FreeBSD we currently do not support desktop environments and offer only Device Code Flow (#2384)
-	if runtime.GOOS == "freebsd" {
 		return authenticateWithDeviceCodeFlow(ctx, config)
 	}
 

client/internal/auth/pkce_flow.go

@@ -94,12 +94,22 @@ func (p *PKCEAuthorizationFlow) RequestAuthInfo(ctx context.Context) (AuthFlowIn
 	p.codeVerifier = codeVerifier
 
 	codeChallenge := createCodeChallenge(codeVerifier)
-	authURL := p.oAuthConfig.AuthCodeURL(
+
-		state,
+	params := []oauth2.AuthCodeOption{
 		oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("code_challenge_method", "S256"),
 		oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("code_challenge", codeChallenge),
 		oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("audience", p.providerConfig.Audience),
-	)
+	}
+	if !p.providerConfig.DisablePromptLogin {
+		if p.providerConfig.LoginFlag.IsPromptLogin() {
+			params = append(params, oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("prompt", "login"))
+		}
+		if p.providerConfig.LoginFlag.IsMaxAge0Login() {
+			params = append(params, oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("max_age", "0"))
+		}
+	}
+
+	authURL := p.oAuthConfig.AuthCodeURL(state, params...)
 
 	return AuthFlowInfo{
 		VerificationURIComplete: authURL,

client/internal/auth/pkce_flow_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+	mgm "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/client/common"
+)
+
+func TestPromptLogin(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		promptLogin = "prompt=login"
+		maxAge0     = "max_age=0"
+	)
+
+	tt := []struct {
+		name               string
+		loginFlag          mgm.LoginFlag
+		disablePromptLogin bool
+		expect             string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "Prompt login",
+			loginFlag: mgm.LoginFlagPrompt,
+			expect:    promptLogin,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "Max age 0 login",
+			loginFlag: mgm.LoginFlagMaxAge0,
+			expect:    maxAge0,
+		},
+		{
+			name:               "Disable prompt login",
+			loginFlag:          mgm.LoginFlagPrompt,
+			disablePromptLogin: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tt {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			config := internal.PKCEAuthProviderConfig{
+				ClientID:              "test-client-id",
+				Audience:              "test-audience",
+				TokenEndpoint:         "https://test-token-endpoint.com/token",
+				Scope:                 "openid email profile",
+				AuthorizationEndpoint: "https://test-auth-endpoint.com/authorize",
+				RedirectURLs:          []string{"http://127.0.0.1:33992/"},
+				UseIDToken:            true,
+				LoginFlag:             tc.loginFlag,
+			}
+			pkce, err := NewPKCEAuthorizationFlow(config)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Failed to create PKCEAuthorizationFlow: %v", err)
+			}
+			authInfo, err := pkce.RequestAuthInfo(context.Background())
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Failed to request auth info: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if !tc.disablePromptLogin {
+				require.Contains(t, authInfo.VerificationURIComplete, tc.expect)
+			} else {
+				require.Contains(t, authInfo.VerificationURIComplete, promptLogin)
+				require.NotContains(t, authInfo.VerificationURIComplete, maxAge0)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

client/internal/config.go

@@ -68,12 +68,14 @@ type ConfigInput struct {
 	DisableServerRoutes *bool
 	DisableDNS          *bool
 	DisableFirewall     *bool
-
 	BlockLANAccess      *bool
+	BlockInbound        *bool
 
 	DisableNotifications *bool
 
 	DNSLabels domain.List
+
+	LazyConnectionEnabled *bool
 }
 
 // Config Configuration type
@@ -96,8 +98,8 @@ type Config struct {
 	DisableServerRoutes bool
 	DisableDNS          bool
 	DisableFirewall     bool
-
 	BlockLANAccess      bool
+	BlockInbound        bool
 
 	DisableNotifications *bool
 
@@ -138,6 +140,8 @@ type Config struct {
 	ClientCertKeyPath string
 
 	ClientCertKeyPair *tls.Certificate `json:"-"`
+
+	LazyConnectionEnabled bool
 }
 
 // ReadConfig read config file and return with Config. If it is not exists create a new with default values
@@ -479,6 +483,16 @@ func (config *Config) apply(input ConfigInput) (updated bool, err error) {
 		updated = true
 	}
 
+	if input.BlockInbound != nil && *input.BlockInbound != config.BlockInbound {
+		if *input.BlockInbound {
+			log.Infof("blocking inbound connections")
+		} else {
+			log.Infof("allowing inbound connections")
+		}
+		config.BlockInbound = *input.BlockInbound
+		updated = true
+	}
+
 	if input.DisableNotifications != nil && input.DisableNotifications != config.DisableNotifications {
 		if *input.DisableNotifications {
 			log.Infof("disabling notifications")
@@ -524,6 +538,12 @@ func (config *Config) apply(input ConfigInput) (updated bool, err error) {
 		updated = true
 	}
 
+	if input.LazyConnectionEnabled != nil && *input.LazyConnectionEnabled != config.LazyConnectionEnabled {
+		log.Infof("switching lazy connection to %t", *input.LazyConnectionEnabled)
+		config.LazyConnectionEnabled = *input.LazyConnectionEnabled
+		updated = true
+	}
+
 	return updated, nil
 }
 

client/internal/conn_mgr.go

@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/lazyconn"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/lazyconn/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/dispatcher"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peerstore"
+)
+
+// ConnMgr coordinates both lazy connections (established on-demand) and permanent peer connections.
+//
+// The connection manager is responsible for:
+// - Managing lazy connections via the lazyConnManager
+// - Maintaining a list of excluded peers that should always have permanent connections
+// - Handling connection establishment based on peer signaling
+//
+// The implementation is not thread-safe; it is protected by engine.syncMsgMux.
+type ConnMgr struct {
+	peerStore      *peerstore.Store
+	statusRecorder *peer.Status
+	iface          lazyconn.WGIface
+	dispatcher     *dispatcher.ConnectionDispatcher
+	enabledLocally bool
+
+	lazyConnMgr *manager.Manager
+
+	wg        sync.WaitGroup
+	ctx       context.Context
+	ctxCancel context.CancelFunc
+}
+
+func NewConnMgr(engineConfig *EngineConfig, statusRecorder *peer.Status, peerStore *peerstore.Store, iface lazyconn.WGIface, dispatcher *dispatcher.ConnectionDispatcher) *ConnMgr {
+	e := &ConnMgr{
+		peerStore:      peerStore,
+		statusRecorder: statusRecorder,
+		iface:          iface,
+		dispatcher:     dispatcher,
+	}
+	if engineConfig.LazyConnectionEnabled || lazyconn.IsLazyConnEnabledByEnv() {
+		e.enabledLocally = true
+	}
+	return e
+}
+
+// Start initializes the connection manager and starts the lazy connection manager if enabled by env var or cmd line option.
+func (e *ConnMgr) Start(ctx context.Context) {
+	if e.lazyConnMgr != nil {
+		log.Errorf("lazy connection manager is already started")
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !e.enabledLocally {
+		log.Infof("lazy connection manager is disabled")
+		return
+	}
+
+	e.initLazyManager(ctx)
+	e.statusRecorder.UpdateLazyConnection(true)
+}
+
+// UpdatedRemoteFeatureFlag is called when the remote feature flag is updated.
+// If enabled, it initializes the lazy connection manager and start it. Do not need to call Start() again.
+// If disabled, then it closes the lazy connection manager and open the connections to all peers.
+func (e *ConnMgr) UpdatedRemoteFeatureFlag(ctx context.Context, enabled bool) error {
+	// do not disable lazy connection manager if it was enabled by env var
+	if e.enabledLocally {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if enabled {
+		// if the lazy connection manager is already started, do not start it again
+		if e.lazyConnMgr != nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		log.Infof("lazy connection manager is enabled by management feature flag")
+		e.initLazyManager(ctx)
+		e.statusRecorder.UpdateLazyConnection(true)
+		return e.addPeersToLazyConnManager(ctx)
+	} else {
+		if e.lazyConnMgr == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		log.Infof("lazy connection manager is disabled by management feature flag")
+		e.closeManager(ctx)
+		e.statusRecorder.UpdateLazyConnection(false)
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// SetExcludeList sets the list of peer IDs that should always have permanent connections.
+func (e *ConnMgr) SetExcludeList(peerIDs map[string]bool) {
+	if e.lazyConnMgr == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	excludedPeers := make([]lazyconn.PeerConfig, 0, len(peerIDs))
+
+	for peerID := range peerIDs {
+		var peerConn *peer.Conn
+		var exists bool
+		if peerConn, exists = e.peerStore.PeerConn(peerID); !exists {
+			log.Warnf("failed to find peer conn for peerID: %s", peerID)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		lazyPeerCfg := lazyconn.PeerConfig{
+			PublicKey:  peerID,
+			AllowedIPs: peerConn.WgConfig().AllowedIps,
+			PeerConnID: peerConn.ConnID(),
+			Log:        peerConn.Log,
+		}
+		excludedPeers = append(excludedPeers, lazyPeerCfg)
+	}
+
+	added := e.lazyConnMgr.ExcludePeer(e.ctx, excludedPeers)
+	for _, peerID := range added {
+		var peerConn *peer.Conn
+		var exists bool
+		if peerConn, exists = e.peerStore.PeerConn(peerID); !exists {
+			// if the peer not exist in the store, it means that the engine will call the AddPeerConn in next step
+			continue
+		}
+
+		peerConn.Log.Infof("peer has been added to lazy connection exclude list, opening permanent connection")
+		if err := peerConn.Open(e.ctx); err != nil {
+			peerConn.Log.Errorf("failed to open connection: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *ConnMgr) AddPeerConn(ctx context.Context, peerKey string, conn *peer.Conn) (exists bool) {
+	if success := e.peerStore.AddPeerConn(peerKey, conn); !success {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	if !e.isStartedWithLazyMgr() {
+		if err := conn.Open(ctx); err != nil {
+			conn.Log.Errorf("failed to open connection: %v", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !lazyconn.IsSupported(conn.AgentVersionString()) {
+		conn.Log.Warnf("peer does not support lazy connection (%s), open permanent connection", conn.AgentVersionString())
+		if err := conn.Open(ctx); err != nil {
+			conn.Log.Errorf("failed to open connection: %v", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	lazyPeerCfg := lazyconn.PeerConfig{
+		PublicKey:  peerKey,
+		AllowedIPs: conn.WgConfig().AllowedIps,
+		PeerConnID: conn.ConnID(),
+		Log:        conn.Log,
+	}
+	excluded, err := e.lazyConnMgr.AddPeer(lazyPeerCfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		conn.Log.Errorf("failed to add peer to lazyconn manager: %v", err)
+		if err := conn.Open(ctx); err != nil {
+			conn.Log.Errorf("failed to open connection: %v", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	if excluded {
+		conn.Log.Infof("peer is on lazy conn manager exclude list, opening connection")
+		if err := conn.Open(ctx); err != nil {
+			conn.Log.Errorf("failed to open connection: %v", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	conn.Log.Infof("peer added to lazy conn manager")
+	return
+}
+
+func (e *ConnMgr) RemovePeerConn(peerKey string) {
+	conn, ok := e.peerStore.Remove(peerKey)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	if !e.isStartedWithLazyMgr() {
+		return
+	}
+
+	e.lazyConnMgr.RemovePeer(peerKey)
+	conn.Log.Infof("removed peer from lazy conn manager")
+}
+
+func (e *ConnMgr) OnSignalMsg(ctx context.Context, peerKey string) (*peer.Conn, bool) {
+	conn, ok := e.peerStore.PeerConn(peerKey)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+	if !e.isStartedWithLazyMgr() {
+		return conn, true
+	}
+
+	if found := e.lazyConnMgr.ActivatePeer(ctx, peerKey); found {
+		conn.Log.Infof("activated peer from inactive state")
+		if err := conn.Open(e.ctx); err != nil {
+			conn.Log.Errorf("failed to open connection: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return conn, true
+}
+
+func (e *ConnMgr) Close() {
+	if !e.isStartedWithLazyMgr() {
+		return
+	}
+
+	e.ctxCancel()
+	e.wg.Wait()
+	e.lazyConnMgr = nil
+}
+
+func (e *ConnMgr) initLazyManager(parentCtx context.Context) {
+	cfg := manager.Config{
+		InactivityThreshold: inactivityThresholdEnv(),
+	}
+	e.lazyConnMgr = manager.NewManager(cfg, e.peerStore, e.iface, e.dispatcher)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(parentCtx)
+	e.ctx = ctx
+	e.ctxCancel = cancel
+
+	e.wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer e.wg.Done()
+		e.lazyConnMgr.Start(ctx)
+	}()
+}
+
+func (e *ConnMgr) addPeersToLazyConnManager(ctx context.Context) error {
+	peers := e.peerStore.PeersPubKey()
+	lazyPeerCfgs := make([]lazyconn.PeerConfig, 0, len(peers))
+	for _, peerID := range peers {
+		var peerConn *peer.Conn
+		var exists bool
+		if peerConn, exists = e.peerStore.PeerConn(peerID); !exists {
+			log.Warnf("failed to find peer conn for peerID: %s", peerID)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		lazyPeerCfg := lazyconn.PeerConfig{
+			PublicKey:  peerID,
+			AllowedIPs: peerConn.WgConfig().AllowedIps,
+			PeerConnID: peerConn.ConnID(),
+			Log:        peerConn.Log,
+		}
+		lazyPeerCfgs = append(lazyPeerCfgs, lazyPeerCfg)
+	}
+
+	return e.lazyConnMgr.AddActivePeers(ctx, lazyPeerCfgs)
+}
+
+func (e *ConnMgr) closeManager(ctx context.Context) {
+	if e.lazyConnMgr == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	e.ctxCancel()
+	e.wg.Wait()
+	e.lazyConnMgr = nil
+
+	for _, peerID := range e.peerStore.PeersPubKey() {
+		e.peerStore.PeerConnOpen(ctx, peerID)
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *ConnMgr) isStartedWithLazyMgr() bool {
+	return e.lazyConnMgr != nil && e.ctxCancel != nil
+}
+
+func inactivityThresholdEnv() *time.Duration {
+	envValue := os.Getenv(lazyconn.EnvInactivityThreshold)
+	if envValue == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	parsedMinutes, err := strconv.Atoi(envValue)
+	if err != nil || parsedMinutes <= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	d := time.Duration(parsedMinutes) * time.Minute
+	return &d
+}

client/internal/connect.go

@@ -349,6 +349,25 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) Engine() *Engine {
 	return e
 }
 
+// GetLatestNetworkMap returns the latest network map from the engine.
+func (c *ConnectClient) GetLatestNetworkMap() (*mgmProto.NetworkMap, error) {
+	engine := c.Engine()
+	if engine == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("engine is not initialized")
+	}
+
+	networkMap, err := engine.GetLatestNetworkMap()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get latest network map: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if networkMap == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("network map is not available")
+	}
+
+	return networkMap, nil
+}
+
 // Status returns the current client status
 func (c *ConnectClient) Status() StatusType {
 	if c == nil {
@@ -417,11 +436,13 @@ func createEngineConfig(key wgtypes.Key, config *Config, peerConfig *mgmProto.Pe
 		DNSRouteInterval:     config.DNSRouteInterval,
 
 		DisableClientRoutes: config.DisableClientRoutes,
-		DisableServerRoutes: config.DisableServerRoutes,
+		DisableServerRoutes: config.DisableServerRoutes || config.BlockInbound,
 		DisableDNS:          config.DisableDNS,
 		DisableFirewall:     config.DisableFirewall,
-
 		BlockLANAccess:      config.BlockLANAccess,
+		BlockInbound:        config.BlockInbound,
+
+		LazyConnectionEnabled: config.LazyConnectionEnabled,
 	}
 
 	if config.PreSharedKey != "" {
@@ -462,7 +483,7 @@ func connectToSignal(ctx context.Context, wtConfig *mgmProto.NetbirdConfig, ourP
 	return signalClient, nil
 }
 
-// loginToManagement creates Management Services client, establishes a connection, logs-in and gets a global Netbird config (signal, turn, stun hosts, etc)
+// loginToManagement creates Management ServiceDependencies client, establishes a connection, logs-in and gets a global Netbird config (signal, turn, stun hosts, etc)
 func loginToManagement(ctx context.Context, client mgm.Client, pubSSHKey []byte, config *Config) (*mgmProto.LoginResponse, error) {
 
 	serverPublicKey, err := client.GetServerPublicKey()

client/internal/debug/debug_linux.go

@@ -1,49 +1,130 @@
 //go:build linux && !android
 
-package server
+package debug
 
 import (
-	"archive/zip"
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/google/nftables"
 	"github.com/google/nftables/expr"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/anonymize"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 )
 
+const (
+	maxLogEntries = 100000
+	maxLogAge     = 7 * 24 * time.Hour // Last 7 days
+)
+
+// trySystemdLogFallback attempts to get logs from systemd journal as fallback
+func (g *BundleGenerator) trySystemdLogFallback() error {
+	log.Debug("Attempting to collect systemd journal logs")
+
+	serviceName := getServiceName()
+	journalLogs, err := getSystemdLogs(serviceName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get systemd logs for %s: %w", serviceName, err)
+	}
+
+	if strings.Contains(journalLogs, "No recent log entries found") {
+		log.Debug("No recent log entries found in systemd journal")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if g.anonymize {
+		journalLogs = g.anonymizer.AnonymizeString(journalLogs)
+	}
+
+	logReader := strings.NewReader(journalLogs)
+	fileName := fmt.Sprintf("systemd-%s.log", serviceName)
+	if err := g.addFileToZip(logReader, fileName); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add systemd logs to bundle: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("Added systemd journal logs for %s to debug bundle", serviceName)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// getServiceName gets the service name from environment or defaults to netbird
+func getServiceName() string {
+	if unitName := os.Getenv("SYSTEMD_UNIT"); unitName != "" {
+		log.Debugf("Detected SYSTEMD_UNIT environment variable: %s", unitName)
+		return unitName
+	}
+
+	return "netbird"
+}
+
+// getSystemdLogs retrieves logs from systemd journal for a specific service using journalctl
+func getSystemdLogs(serviceName string) (string, error) {
+	args := []string{
+		"-u", fmt.Sprintf("%s.service", serviceName),
+		"--since", fmt.Sprintf("-%s", maxLogAge.String()),
+		"--lines", fmt.Sprintf("%d", maxLogEntries),
+		"--no-pager",
+		"--output", "short-iso",
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "journalctl", args...)
+	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
+	cmd.Stdout = &stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = &stderr
+
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("journalctl command timed out after 30 seconds")
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "executable file not found") {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("journalctl command not found: %w", err)
+		}
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("execute journalctl: %w (stderr: %s)", err, stderr.String())
+	}
+
+	logs := stdout.String()
+	if strings.TrimSpace(logs) == "" {
+		return "No recent log entries found in systemd journal", nil
+	}
+
+	header := fmt.Sprintf("=== Systemd Journal Logs for %s.service (last %d entries, max %s) ===\n",
+		serviceName, maxLogEntries, maxLogAge.String())
+
+	return header + logs, nil
+}
+
 // addFirewallRules collects and adds firewall rules to the archive
-func (s *Server) addFirewallRules(req *proto.DebugBundleRequest, anonymizer *anonymize.Anonymizer, archive *zip.Writer) error {
+func (g *BundleGenerator) addFirewallRules() error {
 	log.Info("Collecting firewall rules")
-	// Collect and add iptables rules
 	iptablesRules, err := collectIPTablesRules()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("Failed to collect iptables rules: %v", err)
 	} else {
-		if req.GetAnonymize() {
+		if g.anonymize {
-			iptablesRules = anonymizer.AnonymizeString(iptablesRules)
+			iptablesRules = g.anonymizer.AnonymizeString(iptablesRules)
 		}
-		if err := addFileToZip(archive, strings.NewReader(iptablesRules), "iptables.txt"); err != nil {
+		if err := g.addFileToZip(strings.NewReader(iptablesRules), "iptables.txt"); err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("Failed to add iptables rules to bundle: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Collect and add nftables rules
 	nftablesRules, err := collectNFTablesRules()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("Failed to collect nftables rules: %v", err)
 	} else {
-		if req.GetAnonymize() {
+		if g.anonymize {
-			nftablesRules = anonymizer.AnonymizeString(nftablesRules)
+			nftablesRules = g.anonymizer.AnonymizeString(nftablesRules)
 		}
-		if err := addFileToZip(archive, strings.NewReader(nftablesRules), "nftables.txt"); err != nil {
+		if err := g.addFileToZip(strings.NewReader(nftablesRules), "nftables.txt"); err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("Failed to add nftables rules to bundle: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -65,16 +146,23 @@ func collectIPTablesRules() (string, error) {
 		builder.WriteString("\n")
 	}
 
-	// Then get verbose statistics for each table
+	// Collect ipset information
+	ipsetOutput, err := collectIPSets()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("Failed to collect ipset information: %v", err)
+	} else {
+		builder.WriteString("=== ipset list output ===\n")
+		builder.WriteString(ipsetOutput)
+		builder.WriteString("\n")
+	}
+
 	builder.WriteString("=== iptables -v -n -L output ===\n")
 
-	// Get list of tables
 	tables := []string{"filter", "nat", "mangle", "raw", "security"}
 
 	for _, table := range tables {
 		builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("*%s\n", table))
 
-		// Get verbose statistics for the entire table
 		stats, err := getTableStatistics(table)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("Failed to get statistics for table %s: %v", table, err)
@@ -87,6 +175,28 @@ func collectIPTablesRules() (string, error) {
 	return builder.String(), nil
 }
 
+// collectIPSets collects information about ipsets
+func collectIPSets() (string, error) {
+	cmd := exec.Command("ipset", "list")
+	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
+	cmd.Stdout = &stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = &stderr
+
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "executable file not found") {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("ipset command not found: %w", err)
+		}
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("execute ipset list: %w (stderr: %s)", err, stderr.String())
+	}
+
+	ipsets := stdout.String()
+	if strings.TrimSpace(ipsets) == "" {
+		return "No ipsets found", nil
+	}
+
+	return ipsets, nil
+}
+
 // collectIPTablesSave uses iptables-save to get rule definitions
 func collectIPTablesSave() (string, error) {
 	cmd := exec.Command("iptables-save")
@@ -182,12 +292,10 @@ func formatTables(conn *nftables.Conn, tables []*nftables.Table) string {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		// Format chains
 		for _, chain := range chains {
 			formatChain(conn, table, chain, &builder)
 		}
 
-		// Format sets
 		if sets, err := conn.GetSets(table); err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("Failed to get sets for table %s: %v", table.Name, err)
 		} else if len(sets) > 0 {
@@ -460,7 +568,7 @@ func formatExpr(exp expr.Any) string {
 	case *expr.Fib:
 		return formatFib(e)
 	case *expr.Target:
-		return fmt.Sprintf("jump %s", e.Name) // Properly format jump targets
+		return fmt.Sprintf("jump %s", e.Name)
 	case *expr.Immediate:
 		if e.Register == 1 {
 			return formatImmediateData(e.Data)

client/internal/debug/debug_mobile.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build ios || android
+
+package debug
+
+func (g *BundleGenerator) addRoutes() error {
+	return nil
+}

client/internal/debug/debug_nonlinux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//go:build !linux || android
+
+package debug
+
+// collectFirewallRules returns nothing on non-linux systems
+func (g *BundleGenerator) addFirewallRules() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (g *BundleGenerator) trySystemdLogFallback() error {
+	// Systemd is only available on Linux
+	// TODO: Add BSD support
+	return nil
+}

client/internal/debug/debug_nonmobile.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//go:build !ios && !android
+
+package debug
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/systemops"
+)
+
+func (g *BundleGenerator) addRoutes() error {
+	routes, err := systemops.GetRoutesFromTable()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get routes: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// TODO: get routes including nexthop
+	routesContent := formatRoutes(routes, g.anonymize, g.anonymizer)
+	routesReader := strings.NewReader(routesContent)
+	if err := g.addFileToZip(routesReader, "routes.txt"); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add routes file to zip: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

client/internal/debug/debug_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,543 @@
+package debug
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/anonymize"
+	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/proto"
+)
+
+func TestAnonymizeStateFile(t *testing.T) {
+	testState := map[string]json.RawMessage{
+		"null_state": json.RawMessage("null"),
+		"test_state": mustMarshal(map[string]any{
+			// Test simple fields
+			"public_ip":      "203.0.113.1",
+			"private_ip":     "192.168.1.1",
+			"protected_ip":   "100.64.0.1",
+			"well_known_ip":  "8.8.8.8",
+			"ipv6_addr":      "2001:db8::1",
+			"private_ipv6":   "fd00::1",
+			"domain":         "test.example.com",
+			"uri":            "stun:stun.example.com:3478",
+			"uri_with_ip":    "turn:203.0.113.1:3478",
+			"netbird_domain": "device.netbird.cloud",
+
+			// Test CIDR ranges
+			"public_cidr":       "203.0.113.0/24",
+			"private_cidr":      "192.168.0.0/16",
+			"protected_cidr":    "100.64.0.0/10",
+			"ipv6_cidr":         "2001:db8::/32",
+			"private_ipv6_cidr": "fd00::/8",
+
+			// Test nested structures
+			"nested": map[string]any{
+				"ip":     "203.0.113.2",
+				"domain": "nested.example.com",
+				"more_nest": map[string]any{
+					"ip":     "203.0.113.3",
+					"domain": "deep.example.com",
+				},
+			},
+
+			// Test arrays
+			"string_array": []any{
+				"203.0.113.4",
+				"test1.example.com",
+				"test2.example.com",
+			},
+			"object_array": []any{
+				map[string]any{
+					"ip":     "203.0.113.5",
+					"domain": "array1.example.com",
+				},
+				map[string]any{
+					"ip":     "203.0.113.6",
+					"domain": "array2.example.com",
+				},
+			},
+
+			// Test multiple occurrences of same value
+			"duplicate_ip":     "203.0.113.1",      // Same as public_ip
+			"duplicate_domain": "test.example.com", // Same as domain
+
+			// Test URIs with various schemes
+			"stun_uri":  "stun:stun.example.com:3478",
+			"turns_uri": "turns:turns.example.com:5349",
+			"http_uri":  "http://web.example.com:80",
+			"https_uri": "https://secure.example.com:443",
+
+			// Test strings that might look like IPs but aren't
+			"not_ip":         "300.300.300.300",
+			"partial_ip":     "192.168",
+			"ip_like_string": "1234.5678",
+
+			// Test mixed content strings
+			"mixed_content": "Server at 203.0.113.1 (test.example.com) on port 80",
+
+			// Test empty and special values
+			"empty_string":  "",
+			"null_value":    nil,
+			"numeric_value": 42,
+			"boolean_value": true,
+		}),
+		"route_state": mustMarshal(map[string]any{
+			"routes": []any{
+				map[string]any{
+					"network": "203.0.113.0/24",
+					"gateway": "203.0.113.1",
+					"domains": []any{
+						"route1.example.com",
+						"route2.example.com",
+					},
+				},
+				map[string]any{
+					"network": "2001:db8::/32",
+					"gateway": "2001:db8::1",
+					"domains": []any{
+						"route3.example.com",
+						"route4.example.com",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			// Test map with IP/CIDR keys
+			"refCountMap": map[string]any{
+				"203.0.113.1/32": map[string]any{
+					"Count": 1,
+					"Out": map[string]any{
+						"IP": "192.168.0.1",
+						"Intf": map[string]any{
+							"Name":  "eth0",
+							"Index": 1,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				"2001:db8::1/128": map[string]any{
+					"Count": 1,
+					"Out": map[string]any{
+						"IP": "fe80::1",
+						"Intf": map[string]any{
+							"Name":  "eth0",
+							"Index": 1,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				"10.0.0.1/32": map[string]any{ // private IP should remain unchanged
+					"Count": 1,
+					"Out": map[string]any{
+						"IP": "192.168.0.1",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		}),
+	}
+
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+
+	// Pre-seed the domains we need to verify in the test assertions
+	anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("test.example.com")
+	anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("nested.example.com")
+	anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("deep.example.com")
+	anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("array1.example.com")
+
+	err := anonymizeStateFile(&testState, anonymizer)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Helper function to unmarshal and get nested values
+	var state map[string]any
+	err = json.Unmarshal(testState["test_state"], &state)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Test null state remains unchanged
+	require.Equal(t, "null", string(testState["null_state"]))
+
+	// Basic assertions
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.1", state["public_ip"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "192.168.1.1", state["private_ip"])  // Private IP unchanged
+	assert.Equal(t, "100.64.0.1", state["protected_ip"]) // Protected IP unchanged
+	assert.Equal(t, "8.8.8.8", state["well_known_ip"])   // Well-known IP unchanged
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "2001:db8::1", state["ipv6_addr"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "fd00::1", state["private_ipv6"]) // Private IPv6 unchanged
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "test.example.com", state["domain"])
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(state["domain"].(string), ".domain"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "device.netbird.cloud", state["netbird_domain"]) // Netbird domain unchanged
+
+	// CIDR ranges
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.0/24", state["public_cidr"])
+	assert.Contains(t, state["public_cidr"], "/24")           // Prefix preserved
+	assert.Equal(t, "192.168.0.0/16", state["private_cidr"])  // Private CIDR unchanged
+	assert.Equal(t, "100.64.0.0/10", state["protected_cidr"]) // Protected CIDR unchanged
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "2001:db8::/32", state["ipv6_cidr"])
+	assert.Contains(t, state["ipv6_cidr"], "/32") // IPv6 prefix preserved
+
+	// Nested structures
+	nested := state["nested"].(map[string]any)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.2", nested["ip"])
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "nested.example.com", nested["domain"])
+	moreNest := nested["more_nest"].(map[string]any)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.3", moreNest["ip"])
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "deep.example.com", moreNest["domain"])
+
+	// Arrays
+	strArray := state["string_array"].([]any)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.4", strArray[0])
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "test1.example.com", strArray[1])
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(strArray[1].(string), ".domain"))
+
+	objArray := state["object_array"].([]any)
+	firstObj := objArray[0].(map[string]any)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.5", firstObj["ip"])
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "array1.example.com", firstObj["domain"])
+
+	// Duplicate values should be anonymized consistently
+	assert.Equal(t, state["public_ip"], state["duplicate_ip"])
+	assert.Equal(t, state["domain"], state["duplicate_domain"])
+
+	// URIs
+	assert.NotContains(t, state["stun_uri"], "stun.example.com")
+	assert.NotContains(t, state["turns_uri"], "turns.example.com")
+	assert.NotContains(t, state["http_uri"], "web.example.com")
+	assert.NotContains(t, state["https_uri"], "secure.example.com")
+
+	// Non-IP strings should remain unchanged
+	assert.Equal(t, "300.300.300.300", state["not_ip"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "192.168", state["partial_ip"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "1234.5678", state["ip_like_string"])
+
+	// Mixed content should have IPs and domains replaced
+	mixedContent := state["mixed_content"].(string)
+	assert.NotContains(t, mixedContent, "203.0.113.1")
+	assert.NotContains(t, mixedContent, "test.example.com")
+	assert.Contains(t, mixedContent, "Server at ")
+	assert.Contains(t, mixedContent, " on port 80")
+
+	// Special values should remain unchanged
+	assert.Equal(t, "", state["empty_string"])
+	assert.Nil(t, state["null_value"])
+	assert.Equal(t, float64(42), state["numeric_value"])
+	assert.Equal(t, true, state["boolean_value"])
+
+	// Check route state
+	var routeState map[string]any
+	err = json.Unmarshal(testState["route_state"], &routeState)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	routes := routeState["routes"].([]any)
+	route1 := routes[0].(map[string]any)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.0/24", route1["network"])
+	assert.Contains(t, route1["network"], "/24")
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.1", route1["gateway"])
+	domains := route1["domains"].([]any)
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(domains[0].(string), ".domain"))
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(domains[1].(string), ".domain"))
+
+	// Check map keys are anonymized
+	refCountMap := routeState["refCountMap"].(map[string]any)
+	hasPublicIPKey := false
+	hasIPv6Key := false
+	hasPrivateIPKey := false
+	for key := range refCountMap {
+		if strings.Contains(key, "203.0.113.1") {
+			hasPublicIPKey = true
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(key, "2001:db8::1") {
+			hasIPv6Key = true
+		}
+		if key == "10.0.0.1/32" {
+			hasPrivateIPKey = true
+		}
+	}
+	assert.False(t, hasPublicIPKey, "public IP in key should be anonymized")
+	assert.False(t, hasIPv6Key, "IPv6 in key should be anonymized")
+	assert.True(t, hasPrivateIPKey, "private IP in key should remain unchanged")
+}
+
+func mustMarshal(v any) json.RawMessage {
+	data, err := json.Marshal(v)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return data
+}
+
+func TestAnonymizeNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
+	networkMap := &mgmProto.NetworkMap{
+		PeerConfig: &mgmProto.PeerConfig{
+			Address: "203.0.113.5",
+			Dns:     "1.2.3.4",
+			Fqdn:    "peer1.corp.example.com",
+			SshConfig: &mgmProto.SSHConfig{
+				SshPubKey: []byte("ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1..."),
+			},
+		},
+		RemotePeers: []*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig{
+			{
+				AllowedIps: []string{
+					"203.0.113.1/32",
+					"2001:db8:1234::1/128",
+					"192.168.1.1/32",
+					"100.64.0.1/32",
+					"10.0.0.1/32",
+				},
+				Fqdn: "peer2.corp.example.com",
+				SshConfig: &mgmProto.SSHConfig{
+					SshPubKey: []byte("ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC2..."),
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		Routes: []*mgmProto.Route{
+			{
+				Network: "197.51.100.0/24",
+				Domains: []string{"prod.example.com", "staging.example.com"},
+				NetID:   "net-123abc",
+			},
+		},
+		DNSConfig: &mgmProto.DNSConfig{
+			NameServerGroups: []*mgmProto.NameServerGroup{
+				{
+					NameServers: []*mgmProto.NameServer{
+						{IP: "8.8.8.8"},
+						{IP: "1.1.1.1"},
+						{IP: "203.0.113.53"},
+					},
+					Domains: []string{"example.com", "internal.example.com"},
+				},
+			},
+			CustomZones: []*mgmProto.CustomZone{
+				{
+					Domain: "custom.example.com",
+					Records: []*mgmProto.SimpleRecord{
+						{
+							Name:  "www.custom.example.com",
+							Type:  1,
+							RData: "203.0.113.10",
+						},
+						{
+							Name:  "internal.custom.example.com",
+							Type:  1,
+							RData: "192.168.1.10",
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Create anonymizer with test addresses
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+
+	// Anonymize the network map
+	err := anonymizeNetworkMap(networkMap, anonymizer)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Test PeerConfig anonymization
+	peerCfg := networkMap.PeerConfig
+	require.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.5", peerCfg.Address)
+
+	// Verify DNS and FQDN are properly anonymized
+	require.NotEqual(t, "1.2.3.4", peerCfg.Dns)
+	require.NotEqual(t, "peer1.corp.example.com", peerCfg.Fqdn)
+	require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(peerCfg.Fqdn, ".domain"))
+
+	// Verify SSH key is replaced
+	require.Equal(t, []byte("ssh-placeholder-key"), peerCfg.SshConfig.SshPubKey)
+
+	// Test RemotePeers anonymization
+	remotePeer := networkMap.RemotePeers[0]
+
+	// Verify FQDN is anonymized
+	require.NotEqual(t, "peer2.corp.example.com", remotePeer.Fqdn)
+	require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(remotePeer.Fqdn, ".domain"))
+
+	// Check that public IPs are anonymized but private IPs are preserved
+	for _, allowedIP := range remotePeer.AllowedIps {
+		ip, _, err := net.ParseCIDR(allowedIP)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		if ip.IsPrivate() || isInCGNATRange(ip) {
+			require.Contains(t, []string{
+				"192.168.1.1/32",
+				"100.64.0.1/32",
+				"10.0.0.1/32",
+			}, allowedIP)
+		} else {
+			require.NotContains(t, []string{
+				"203.0.113.1/32",
+				"2001:db8:1234::1/128",
+			}, allowedIP)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Test Routes anonymization
+	route := networkMap.Routes[0]
+	require.NotEqual(t, "197.51.100.0/24", route.Network)
+	for _, domain := range route.Domains {
+		require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(domain, ".domain"))
+		require.NotContains(t, domain, "example.com")
+	}
+
+	// Test DNS config anonymization
+	dnsConfig := networkMap.DNSConfig
+	nameServerGroup := dnsConfig.NameServerGroups[0]
+
+	// Verify well-known DNS servers are preserved
+	require.Equal(t, "8.8.8.8", nameServerGroup.NameServers[0].IP)
+	require.Equal(t, "1.1.1.1", nameServerGroup.NameServers[1].IP)
+
+	// Verify public DNS server is anonymized
+	require.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.53", nameServerGroup.NameServers[2].IP)
+
+	// Verify domains are anonymized
+	for _, domain := range nameServerGroup.Domains {
+		require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(domain, ".domain"))
+		require.NotContains(t, domain, "example.com")
+	}
+
+	// Test CustomZones anonymization
+	customZone := dnsConfig.CustomZones[0]
+	require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(customZone.Domain, ".domain"))
+	require.NotContains(t, customZone.Domain, "example.com")
+
+	// Verify records are properly anonymized
+	for _, record := range customZone.Records {
+		require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(record.Name, ".domain"))
+		require.NotContains(t, record.Name, "example.com")
+
+		ip := net.ParseIP(record.RData)
+		if ip != nil {
+			if !ip.IsPrivate() {
+				require.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.10", record.RData)
+			} else {
+				require.Equal(t, "192.168.1.10", record.RData)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Helper function to check if IP is in CGNAT range
+func isInCGNATRange(ip net.IP) bool {
+	cgnat := net.IPNet{
+		IP:   net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"),
+		Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32),
+	}
+	return cgnat.Contains(ip)
+}
+
+func TestAnonymizeFirewallRules(t *testing.T) {
+	// TODO: Add ipv6
+
+	// Example iptables-save output
+	iptablesSave := `# Generated by iptables-save v1.8.7 on Thu Dec 19 10:00:00 2024
+*filter
+:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
+:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
+:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
+-A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0/24 -j ACCEPT
+-A INPUT -s 44.192.140.1/32 -j DROP
+-A FORWARD -s 10.0.0.0/8 -j DROP
+-A FORWARD -s 44.192.140.0/24 -d 52.84.12.34/24 -j ACCEPT
+COMMIT
+
+*nat
+:PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
+:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
+:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
+:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
+-A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.100.0/24 -j MASQUERADE
+-A PREROUTING -d 44.192.140.10/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.10:80
+COMMIT`
+
+	// Example iptables -v -n -L output
+	iptablesVerbose := `Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
+    pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
+       0     0 ACCEPT     all  --  *      *       192.168.1.0/24       0.0.0.0/0           
+     100  1024 DROP       all  --  *      *       44.192.140.1         0.0.0.0/0
+
+Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
+    pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
+       0     0 DROP       all  --  *      *       10.0.0.0/8           0.0.0.0/0           
+      25   256 ACCEPT     all  --  *      *       44.192.140.0/24      52.84.12.34/24
+
+Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
+    pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination`
+
+	// Example nftables output
+	nftablesRules := `table inet filter {
+        chain input {
+                type filter hook input priority filter; policy accept;
+                ip saddr 192.168.1.1 accept
+                ip saddr 44.192.140.1 drop
+        }
+        chain forward {
+                type filter hook forward priority filter; policy accept;
+                ip saddr 10.0.0.0/8 drop
+                ip saddr 44.192.140.0/24 ip daddr 52.84.12.34/24 accept
+        }
+    }`
+
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+
+	// Test iptables-save anonymization
+	anonIptablesSave := anonymizer.AnonymizeString(iptablesSave)
+
+	// Private IP addresses should remain unchanged
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesSave, "192.168.1.0/24")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesSave, "10.0.0.0/8")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesSave, "192.168.100.0/24")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesSave, "192.168.1.10")
+
+	// Public IP addresses should be anonymized to the default range
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonIptablesSave, "44.192.140.1")
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonIptablesSave, "44.192.140.0/24")
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonIptablesSave, "52.84.12.34")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesSave, "198.51.100.") // Default anonymous range
+
+	// Structure should be preserved
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesSave, "*filter")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesSave, ":INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesSave, "COMMIT")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesSave, "-j MASQUERADE")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesSave, "--dport 80")
+
+	// Test iptables verbose output anonymization
+	anonIptablesVerbose := anonymizer.AnonymizeString(iptablesVerbose)
+
+	// Private IP addresses should remain unchanged
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesVerbose, "192.168.1.0/24")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesVerbose, "10.0.0.0/8")
+
+	// Public IP addresses should be anonymized to the default range
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonIptablesVerbose, "44.192.140.1")
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonIptablesVerbose, "44.192.140.0/24")
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonIptablesVerbose, "52.84.12.34")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesVerbose, "198.51.100.") // Default anonymous range
+
+	// Structure and counters should be preserved
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesVerbose, "Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesVerbose, "100  1024 DROP")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesVerbose, "pkts bytes target")
+
+	// Test nftables anonymization
+	anonNftables := anonymizer.AnonymizeString(nftablesRules)
+
+	// Private IP addresses should remain unchanged
+	assert.Contains(t, anonNftables, "192.168.1.1")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonNftables, "10.0.0.0/8")
+
+	// Public IP addresses should be anonymized to the default range
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonNftables, "44.192.140.1")
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonNftables, "44.192.140.0/24")
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonNftables, "52.84.12.34")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonNftables, "198.51.100.") // Default anonymous range
+
+	// Structure should be preserved
+	assert.Contains(t, anonNftables, "table inet filter {")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonNftables, "chain input {")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonNftables, "type filter hook input priority filter; policy accept;")
+}

client/internal/debug/wgshow.go

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+package debug
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/configurer"
+)
+
+type WGIface interface {
+	FullStats() (*configurer.Stats, error)
+}
+
+func (g *BundleGenerator) addWgShow() error {
+	result, err := g.statusRecorder.PeersStatus()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	output := g.toWGShowFormat(result)
+	reader := bytes.NewReader([]byte(output))
+
+	if err := g.addFileToZip(reader, "wgshow.txt"); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add wg show to zip: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (g *BundleGenerator) toWGShowFormat(s *configurer.Stats) string {
+	var sb strings.Builder
+
+	sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("interface: %s\n", s.DeviceName))
+	sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("  public key: %s\n", s.PublicKey))
+	sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("  listen port: %d\n", s.ListenPort))
+	if s.FWMark != 0 {
+		sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("  fwmark: %#x\n", s.FWMark))
+	}
+
+	for _, peer := range s.Peers {
+		sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("\npeer: %s\n", peer.PublicKey))
+		if peer.Endpoint.IP != nil {
+			if g.anonymize {
+				anonEndpoint := g.anonymizer.AnonymizeUDPAddr(peer.Endpoint)
+				sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("  endpoint: %s\n", anonEndpoint.String()))
+			} else {
+				sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("  endpoint: %s\n", peer.Endpoint.String()))
+			}
+		}
+		if len(peer.AllowedIPs) > 0 {
+			var ipStrings []string
+			for _, ipnet := range peer.AllowedIPs {
+				ipStrings = append(ipStrings, ipnet.String())
+			}
+			sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("  allowed ips: %s\n", strings.Join(ipStrings, ", ")))
+		}
+		sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("  latest handshake: %s\n", peer.LastHandshake.Format(time.RFC1123)))
+		sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("  transfer: %d B received, %d B sent\n", peer.RxBytes, peer.TxBytes))
+		if peer.PresharedKey {
+			sb.WriteString("  preshared key: (hidden)\n")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return sb.String()
+}

client/internal/dns.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package internal
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -12,13 +12,14 @@ import (
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 )
 
-func createPTRRecord(aRecord nbdns.SimpleRecord, ipNet *net.IPNet) (nbdns.SimpleRecord, bool) {
+func createPTRRecord(aRecord nbdns.SimpleRecord, prefix netip.Prefix) (nbdns.SimpleRecord, bool) {
-	ip := net.ParseIP(aRecord.RData)
+	ip, err := netip.ParseAddr(aRecord.RData)
-	if ip == nil || ip.To4() == nil {
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to parse IP address %s: %v", aRecord.RData, err)
 		return nbdns.SimpleRecord{}, false
 	}
 
-	if !ipNet.Contains(ip) {
+	if !prefix.Contains(ip) {
 		return nbdns.SimpleRecord{}, false
 	}
 
@@ -36,16 +37,19 @@ func createPTRRecord(aRecord nbdns.SimpleRecord, ipNet *net.IPNet) (nbdns.Simple
 }
 
 // generateReverseZoneName creates the reverse DNS zone name for a given network
-func generateReverseZoneName(ipNet *net.IPNet) (string, error) {
+func generateReverseZoneName(network netip.Prefix) (string, error) {
-	networkIP := ipNet.IP.Mask(ipNet.Mask)
+	networkIP := network.Masked().Addr()
-	maskOnes, _ := ipNet.Mask.Size()
+
+	if !networkIP.Is4() {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("reverse DNS is only supported for IPv4 networks, got: %s", networkIP)
+	}
 
 	// round up to nearest byte
-	octetsToUse := (maskOnes + 7) / 8
+	octetsToUse := (network.Bits() + 7) / 8
 
 	octets := strings.Split(networkIP.String(), ".")
 	if octetsToUse > len(octets) {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid network mask size for reverse DNS: %d", maskOnes)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid network mask size for reverse DNS: %d", network.Bits())
 	}
 
 	reverseOctets := make([]string, octetsToUse)
@@ -68,7 +72,7 @@ func zoneExists(config *nbdns.Config, zoneName string) bool {
 }
 
 // collectPTRRecords gathers all PTR records for the given network from A records
-func collectPTRRecords(config *nbdns.Config, ipNet *net.IPNet) []nbdns.SimpleRecord {
+func collectPTRRecords(config *nbdns.Config, prefix netip.Prefix) []nbdns.SimpleRecord {
 	var records []nbdns.SimpleRecord
 
 	for _, zone := range config.CustomZones {
@@ -77,7 +81,7 @@ func collectPTRRecords(config *nbdns.Config, ipNet *net.IPNet) []nbdns.SimpleRec
 				continue
 			}
 
-			if ptrRecord, ok := createPTRRecord(record, ipNet); ok {
+			if ptrRecord, ok := createPTRRecord(record, prefix); ok {
 				records = append(records, ptrRecord)
 			}
 		}
@@ -87,8 +91,8 @@ func collectPTRRecords(config *nbdns.Config, ipNet *net.IPNet) []nbdns.SimpleRec
 }
 
 // addReverseZone adds a reverse DNS zone to the configuration for the given network
-func addReverseZone(config *nbdns.Config, ipNet *net.IPNet) {
+func addReverseZone(config *nbdns.Config, network netip.Prefix) {
-	zoneName, err := generateReverseZoneName(ipNet)
+	zoneName, err := generateReverseZoneName(network)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Warn(err)
 		return
@@ -99,7 +103,7 @@ func addReverseZone(config *nbdns.Config, ipNet *net.IPNet) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	records := collectPTRRecords(config, ipNet)
+	records := collectPTRRecords(config, network)
 
 	reverseZone := nbdns.CustomZone{
 		Domain:  zoneName,

client/internal/dns/file_unix.go

@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ func searchDomains(config HostDNSConfig) []string {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		listOfDomains = append(listOfDomains, dConf.Domain)
+		listOfDomains = append(listOfDomains, strings.TrimSuffix(dConf.Domain.PunycodeString(), "."))
 	}
 	return listOfDomains
 }

client/internal/dns/handler_chain.go

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 package dns
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -23,8 +26,8 @@ type SubdomainMatcher interface {
 type HandlerEntry struct {
 	Handler         dns.Handler
 	Priority        int
-	Pattern         string
+	Pattern         domain.Domain
-	OrigPattern     string
+	OrigPattern     domain.Domain
 	IsWildcard      bool
 	MatchSubdomains bool
 }
@@ -38,7 +41,7 @@ type HandlerChain struct {
 // ResponseWriterChain wraps a dns.ResponseWriter to track if handler wants to continue chain
 type ResponseWriterChain struct {
 	dns.ResponseWriter
-	origPattern    string
+	origPattern    domain.Domain
 	shouldContinue bool
 }
 
@@ -58,29 +61,24 @@ func NewHandlerChain() *HandlerChain {
 }
 
 // GetOrigPattern returns the original pattern of the handler that wrote the response
-func (w *ResponseWriterChain) GetOrigPattern() string {
+func (w *ResponseWriterChain) GetOrigPattern() domain.Domain {
 	return w.origPattern
 }
 
 // AddHandler adds a new handler to the chain, replacing any existing handler with the same pattern and priority
-func (c *HandlerChain) AddHandler(pattern string, handler dns.Handler, priority int) {
+func (c *HandlerChain) AddHandler(pattern domain.Domain, handler dns.Handler, priority int) {
 	c.mu.Lock()
 	defer c.mu.Unlock()
 
-	pattern = strings.ToLower(dns.Fqdn(pattern))
+	pattern = domain.Domain(strings.ToLower(dns.Fqdn(pattern.PunycodeString())))
 	origPattern := pattern
-	isWildcard := strings.HasPrefix(pattern, "*.")
+	isWildcard := strings.HasPrefix(pattern.PunycodeString(), "*.")
 	if isWildcard {
 		pattern = pattern[2:]
 	}
 
 	// First remove any existing handler with same pattern (case-insensitive) and priority
-	for i := len(c.handlers) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+	c.removeEntry(origPattern, priority)
-		if strings.EqualFold(c.handlers[i].OrigPattern, origPattern) && c.handlers[i].Priority == priority {
-			c.handlers = append(c.handlers[:i], c.handlers[i+1:]...)
-			break
-		}
-	}
 
 	// Check if handler implements SubdomainMatcher interface
 	matchSubdomains := false
@@ -114,8 +112,8 @@ func (c *HandlerChain) findHandlerPosition(newEntry HandlerEntry) int {
 
 		// domain specificity next
 		if h.Priority == newEntry.Priority {
-			newDots := strings.Count(newEntry.Pattern, ".")
+			newDots := strings.Count(newEntry.Pattern.PunycodeString(), ".")
-			existingDots := strings.Count(h.Pattern, ".")
+			existingDots := strings.Count(h.Pattern.PunycodeString(), ".")
 			if newDots > existingDots {
 				return i
 			}
@@ -127,83 +125,53 @@ func (c *HandlerChain) findHandlerPosition(newEntry HandlerEntry) int {
 }
 
 // RemoveHandler removes a handler for the given pattern and priority
-func (c *HandlerChain) RemoveHandler(pattern string, priority int) {
+func (c *HandlerChain) RemoveHandler(pattern domain.Domain, priority int) {
 	c.mu.Lock()
 	defer c.mu.Unlock()
 
-	pattern = dns.Fqdn(pattern)
+	pattern = domain.Domain(dns.Fqdn(pattern.PunycodeString()))
 
+	c.removeEntry(pattern, priority)
+}
+
+func (c *HandlerChain) removeEntry(pattern domain.Domain, priority int) {
 	// Find and remove handlers matching both original pattern (case-insensitive) and priority
 	for i := len(c.handlers) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
 		entry := c.handlers[i]
-		if strings.EqualFold(entry.OrigPattern, pattern) && entry.Priority == priority {
+		if strings.EqualFold(entry.OrigPattern.PunycodeString(), pattern.PunycodeString()) && entry.Priority == priority {
 			c.handlers = append(c.handlers[:i], c.handlers[i+1:]...)
-			return
+			break
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-// HasHandlers returns true if there are any handlers remaining for the given pattern
-func (c *HandlerChain) HasHandlers(pattern string) bool {
-	c.mu.RLock()
-	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	pattern = strings.ToLower(dns.Fqdn(pattern))
-	for _, entry := range c.handlers {
-		if strings.EqualFold(entry.Pattern, pattern) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
 func (c *HandlerChain) ServeDNS(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) {
 	if len(r.Question) == 0 {
 		return
 	}
 
 	qname := strings.ToLower(r.Question[0].Name)
-	log.Tracef("handling DNS request for domain=%s", qname)
 
 	c.mu.RLock()
 	handlers := slices.Clone(c.handlers)
 	c.mu.RUnlock()
 
 	if log.IsLevelEnabled(log.TraceLevel) {
-		log.Tracef("current handlers (%d):", len(handlers))
+		var b strings.Builder
+		b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("DNS request domain=%s, handlers (%d):\n", qname, len(handlers)))
 		for _, h := range handlers {
-			log.Tracef("  - pattern: domain=%s original: domain=%s wildcard=%v match_subdomain=%v priority=%d",
+			b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("  - pattern: domain=%s original: domain=%s wildcard=%v match_subdomain=%v priority=%d\n",
-				h.Pattern, h.OrigPattern, h.IsWildcard, h.MatchSubdomains, h.Priority)
+				h.Pattern, h.OrigPattern, h.IsWildcard, h.MatchSubdomains, h.Priority))
 		}
+		log.Trace(strings.TrimSuffix(b.String(), "\n"))
 	}
 
 	// Try handlers in priority order
 	for _, entry := range handlers {
-		var matched bool
+		matched := c.isHandlerMatch(qname, entry)
-		switch {
-		case entry.Pattern == ".":
-			matched = true
-		case entry.IsWildcard:
-			parts := strings.Split(strings.TrimSuffix(qname, entry.Pattern), ".")
-			matched = len(parts) >= 2 && strings.HasSuffix(qname, entry.Pattern)
-		default:
-			// For non-wildcard patterns:
-			// If handler wants subdomain matching, allow suffix match
-			// Otherwise require exact match
-			if entry.MatchSubdomains {
-				matched = strings.EqualFold(qname, entry.Pattern) || strings.HasSuffix(qname, "."+entry.Pattern)
-			} else {
-				matched = strings.EqualFold(qname, entry.Pattern)
-			}
-		}
 
-		if !matched {
+		if matched {
-			log.Tracef("trying domain match: request: domain=%s pattern: domain=%s wildcard=%v match_subdomain=%v priority=%d matched=false",
+			log.Tracef("handler matched: domain=%s -> pattern=%s wildcard=%v match_subdomain=%v priority=%d",
-				qname, entry.OrigPattern, entry.MatchSubdomains, entry.IsWildcard, entry.Priority)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		log.Tracef("handler matched: request: domain=%s pattern: domain=%s wildcard=%v match_subdomain=%v priority=%d",
 				qname, entry.OrigPattern, entry.IsWildcard, entry.MatchSubdomains, entry.Priority)
 
 			chainWriter := &ResponseWriterChain{
@@ -214,11 +182,12 @@ func (c *HandlerChain) ServeDNS(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) {
 
 			// If handler wants to continue, try next handler
 			if chainWriter.shouldContinue {
-			log.Tracef("handler requested continue to next handler")
+				log.Tracef("handler requested continue to next handler for domain=%s", qname)
 				continue
 			}
 			return
 		}
+	}
 
 	// No handler matched or all handlers passed
 	log.Tracef("no handler found for domain=%s", qname)
@@ -228,3 +197,22 @@ func (c *HandlerChain) ServeDNS(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) {
 		log.Errorf("failed to write DNS response: %v", err)
 	}
 }
+
+func (c *HandlerChain) isHandlerMatch(qname string, entry HandlerEntry) bool {
+	switch {
+	case entry.Pattern == ".":
+		return true
+	case entry.IsWildcard:
+		parts := strings.Split(strings.TrimSuffix(qname, entry.Pattern.PunycodeString()), ".")
+		return len(parts) >= 2 && strings.HasSuffix(qname, entry.Pattern.PunycodeString())
+	default:
+		// For non-wildcard patterns:
+		// If handler wants subdomain matching, allow suffix match
+		// Otherwise require exact match
+		if entry.MatchSubdomains {
+			return strings.EqualFold(qname, entry.Pattern.PunycodeString()) || strings.HasSuffix(qname, "."+entry.Pattern.PunycodeString())
+		} else {
+			return strings.EqualFold(qname, entry.Pattern.PunycodeString())
+		}
+	}
+}

client/internal/dns/handler_chain_test.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package dns_test
 
 import (
-	"net"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
@@ -9,6 +8,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/mock"
 
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/test"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
 )
 
 // TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_Priorities tests that handlers are executed in priority order
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_Priorities(t *testing.T) {
 	r.SetQuestion("example.com.", dns.TypeA)
 
 	// Create test writer
-	w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &mockResponseWriter{}}
+	w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
 
 	// Setup expectations - only highest priority handler should be called
 	dnsRouteHandler.On("ServeDNS", mock.Anything, r).Once()
@@ -50,8 +51,8 @@ func TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_Priorities(t *testing.T) {
 func TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_DomainMatching(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name            string
-		handlerDomain   string
+		handlerDomain   domain.Domain
-		queryDomain     string
+		queryDomain     domain.Domain
 		isWildcard      bool
 		matchSubdomains bool
 		shouldMatch     bool
@@ -141,8 +142,8 @@ func TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_DomainMatching(t *testing.T) {
 			chain.AddHandler(pattern, handler, nbdns.PriorityDefault)
 
 			r := new(dns.Msg)
-			r.SetQuestion(tt.queryDomain, dns.TypeA)
+			r.SetQuestion(tt.queryDomain.PunycodeString(), dns.TypeA)
-			w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &mockResponseWriter{}}
+			w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
 
 			chain.ServeDNS(w, r)
 
@@ -160,17 +161,17 @@ func TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_OverlappingDomains(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name     string
 		handlers []struct {
-			pattern  string
+			pattern  domain.Domain
 			priority int
 		}
-		queryDomain     string
+		queryDomain     domain.Domain
 		expectedCalls   int
 		expectedHandler int // index of the handler that should be called
 	}{
 		{
 			name: "wildcard and exact same priority - exact should win",
 			handlers: []struct {
-				pattern  string
+				pattern  domain.Domain
 				priority int
 			}{
 				{pattern: "*.example.com.", priority: nbdns.PriorityDefault},
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_OverlappingDomains(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			name: "higher priority wildcard over lower priority exact",
 			handlers: []struct {
-				pattern  string
+				pattern  domain.Domain
 				priority int
 			}{
 				{pattern: "example.com.", priority: nbdns.PriorityDefault},
@@ -196,7 +197,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_OverlappingDomains(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			name: "multiple wildcards different priorities",
 			handlers: []struct {
-				pattern  string
+				pattern  domain.Domain
 				priority int
 			}{
 				{pattern: "*.example.com.", priority: nbdns.PriorityDefault},
@@ -210,7 +211,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_OverlappingDomains(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			name: "subdomain with mix of patterns",
 			handlers: []struct {
-				pattern  string
+				pattern  domain.Domain
 				priority int
 			}{
 				{pattern: "*.example.com.", priority: nbdns.PriorityDefault},
@@ -224,7 +225,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_OverlappingDomains(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			name: "root zone with specific domain",
 			handlers: []struct {
-				pattern  string
+				pattern  domain.Domain
 				priority int
 			}{
 				{pattern: ".", priority: nbdns.PriorityDefault},
@@ -258,8 +259,8 @@ func TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_OverlappingDomains(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// Create and execute request
 			r := new(dns.Msg)
-			r.SetQuestion(tt.queryDomain, dns.TypeA)
+			r.SetQuestion(tt.queryDomain.PunycodeString(), dns.TypeA)
-			w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &mockResponseWriter{}}
+			w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
 			chain.ServeDNS(w, r)
 
 			// Verify expectations
@@ -316,7 +317,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_ChainContinuation(t *testing.T) {
 	}).Once()
 
 	// Execute
-	w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &mockResponseWriter{}}
+	w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
 	chain.ServeDNS(w, r)
 
 	// Verify all handlers were called in order
@@ -325,26 +326,12 @@ func TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_ChainContinuation(t *testing.T) {
 	handler3.AssertExpectations(t)
 }
 
-// mockResponseWriter implements dns.ResponseWriter for testing
-type mockResponseWriter struct {
-	mock.Mock
-}
-
-func (m *mockResponseWriter) LocalAddr() net.Addr       { return nil }
-func (m *mockResponseWriter) RemoteAddr() net.Addr      { return nil }
-func (m *mockResponseWriter) WriteMsg(*dns.Msg) error   { return nil }
-func (m *mockResponseWriter) Write([]byte) (int, error) { return 0, nil }
-func (m *mockResponseWriter) Close() error              { return nil }
-func (m *mockResponseWriter) TsigStatus() error         { return nil }
-func (m *mockResponseWriter) TsigTimersOnly(bool)       {}
-func (m *mockResponseWriter) Hijack()                   {}
-
 func TestHandlerChain_PriorityDeregistration(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name string
 		ops  []struct {
 			action   string // "add" or "remove"
-			pattern  string
+			pattern  domain.Domain
 			priority int
 		}
 		query         string
@@ -354,7 +341,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_PriorityDeregistration(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "remove high priority keeps lower priority handler",
 			ops: []struct {
 				action   string
-				pattern  string
+				pattern  domain.Domain
 				priority int
 			}{
 				{"add", "example.com.", nbdns.PriorityDNSRoute},
@@ -371,7 +358,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_PriorityDeregistration(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "remove lower priority keeps high priority handler",
 			ops: []struct {
 				action   string
-				pattern  string
+				pattern  domain.Domain
 				priority int
 			}{
 				{"add", "example.com.", nbdns.PriorityDNSRoute},
@@ -388,7 +375,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_PriorityDeregistration(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "remove all handlers in order",
 			ops: []struct {
 				action   string
-				pattern  string
+				pattern  domain.Domain
 				priority int
 			}{
 				{"add", "example.com.", nbdns.PriorityDNSRoute},
@@ -425,7 +412,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_PriorityDeregistration(t *testing.T) {
 			// Create test request
 			r := new(dns.Msg)
 			r.SetQuestion(tt.query, dns.TypeA)
-			w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &mockResponseWriter{}}
+			w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
 
 			// Setup expectations
 			for priority, handler := range handlers {
@@ -443,14 +430,6 @@ func TestHandlerChain_PriorityDeregistration(t *testing.T) {
 			for _, handler := range handlers {
 				handler.AssertExpectations(t)
 			}
-
-			// Verify handler exists check
-			for priority, shouldExist := range tt.expectedCalls {
-				if shouldExist {
-					assert.True(t, chain.HasHandlers(tt.ops[0].pattern),
-						"Handler chain should have handlers for pattern after removing priority %d", priority)
-				}
-			}
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -458,7 +437,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_PriorityDeregistration(t *testing.T) {
 func TestHandlerChain_MultiPriorityHandling(t *testing.T) {
 	chain := nbdns.NewHandlerChain()
 
-	testDomain := "example.com."
+	testDomain := domain.Domain("example.com.")
 	testQuery := "test.example.com."
 
 	// Create handlers with MatchSubdomains enabled
@@ -470,45 +449,69 @@ func TestHandlerChain_MultiPriorityHandling(t *testing.T) {
 	r := new(dns.Msg)
 	r.SetQuestion(testQuery, dns.TypeA)
 
+	// Keep track of mocks for the final assertion in Step 4
+	mocks := []*nbdns.MockSubdomainHandler{routeHandler, matchHandler, defaultHandler}
+
 	// Add handlers in mixed order
 	chain.AddHandler(testDomain, defaultHandler, nbdns.PriorityDefault)
 	chain.AddHandler(testDomain, routeHandler, nbdns.PriorityDNSRoute)
 	chain.AddHandler(testDomain, matchHandler, nbdns.PriorityMatchDomain)
 
-	// Test 1: Initial state with all three handlers
+	// Test 1: Initial state
-	w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &mockResponseWriter{}}
+	w1 := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
 	// Highest priority handler (routeHandler) should be called
 	routeHandler.On("ServeDNS", mock.Anything, r).Return().Once()
+	matchHandler.On("ServeDNS", mock.Anything, r).Maybe()   // Ensure others are not expected yet
+	defaultHandler.On("ServeDNS", mock.Anything, r).Maybe() // Ensure others are not expected yet
 
-	chain.ServeDNS(w, r)
+	chain.ServeDNS(w1, r)
 	routeHandler.AssertExpectations(t)
 
+	routeHandler.ExpectedCalls = nil
+	routeHandler.Calls = nil
+	matchHandler.ExpectedCalls = nil
+	matchHandler.Calls = nil
+	defaultHandler.ExpectedCalls = nil
+	defaultHandler.Calls = nil
+
 	// Test 2: Remove highest priority handler
 	chain.RemoveHandler(testDomain, nbdns.PriorityDNSRoute)
-	assert.True(t, chain.HasHandlers(testDomain))
 
-	w = &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &mockResponseWriter{}}
+	w2 := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
 	// Now middle priority handler (matchHandler) should be called
 	matchHandler.On("ServeDNS", mock.Anything, r).Return().Once()
+	defaultHandler.On("ServeDNS", mock.Anything, r).Maybe() // Ensure default is not expected yet
 
-	chain.ServeDNS(w, r)
+	chain.ServeDNS(w2, r)
 	matchHandler.AssertExpectations(t)
 
+	matchHandler.ExpectedCalls = nil
+	matchHandler.Calls = nil
+	defaultHandler.ExpectedCalls = nil
+	defaultHandler.Calls = nil
+
 	// Test 3: Remove middle priority handler
 	chain.RemoveHandler(testDomain, nbdns.PriorityMatchDomain)
-	assert.True(t, chain.HasHandlers(testDomain))
 
-	w = &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &mockResponseWriter{}}
+	w3 := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
 	// Now lowest priority handler (defaultHandler) should be called
 	defaultHandler.On("ServeDNS", mock.Anything, r).Return().Once()
 
-	chain.ServeDNS(w, r)
+	chain.ServeDNS(w3, r)
 	defaultHandler.AssertExpectations(t)
 
+	defaultHandler.ExpectedCalls = nil
+	defaultHandler.Calls = nil
+
 	// Test 4: Remove last handler
 	chain.RemoveHandler(testDomain, nbdns.PriorityDefault)
 
-	assert.False(t, chain.HasHandlers(testDomain))
+	w4 := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
+	chain.ServeDNS(w4, r) // Call ServeDNS on the now empty chain for this domain
+
+	for _, m := range mocks {
+		m.AssertNumberOfCalls(t, "ServeDNS", 0)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestHandlerChain_CaseSensitivity(t *testing.T) {
@@ -516,7 +519,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_CaseSensitivity(t *testing.T) {
 		name        string
 		scenario    string
 		addHandlers []struct {
-			pattern     string
+			pattern     domain.Domain
 			priority    int
 			subdomains  bool
 			shouldMatch bool
@@ -528,7 +531,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_CaseSensitivity(t *testing.T) {
 			name:     "case insensitive exact match",
 			scenario: "handler registered lowercase, query uppercase",
 			addHandlers: []struct {
-				pattern     string
+				pattern     domain.Domain
 				priority    int
 				subdomains  bool
 				shouldMatch bool
@@ -542,7 +545,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_CaseSensitivity(t *testing.T) {
 			name:     "case insensitive wildcard match",
 			scenario: "handler registered mixed case wildcard, query different case",
 			addHandlers: []struct {
-				pattern     string
+				pattern     domain.Domain
 				priority    int
 				subdomains  bool
 				shouldMatch bool
@@ -556,7 +559,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_CaseSensitivity(t *testing.T) {
 			name:     "multiple handlers different case same domain",
 			scenario: "second handler should replace first despite case difference",
 			addHandlers: []struct {
-				pattern     string
+				pattern     domain.Domain
 				priority    int
 				subdomains  bool
 				shouldMatch bool
@@ -571,7 +574,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_CaseSensitivity(t *testing.T) {
 			name:     "subdomain matching case insensitive",
 			scenario: "handler with MatchSubdomains true should match regardless of case",
 			addHandlers: []struct {
-				pattern     string
+				pattern     domain.Domain
 				priority    int
 				subdomains  bool
 				shouldMatch bool
@@ -585,7 +588,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_CaseSensitivity(t *testing.T) {
 			name:     "root zone case insensitive",
 			scenario: "root zone handler should match regardless of case",
 			addHandlers: []struct {
-				pattern     string
+				pattern     domain.Domain
 				priority    int
 				subdomains  bool
 				shouldMatch bool
@@ -599,7 +602,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_CaseSensitivity(t *testing.T) {
 			name:     "multiple handlers different priority",
 			scenario: "should call higher priority handler despite case differences",
 			addHandlers: []struct {
-				pattern     string
+				pattern     domain.Domain
 				priority    int
 				subdomains  bool
 				shouldMatch bool
@@ -616,7 +619,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_CaseSensitivity(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			chain := nbdns.NewHandlerChain()
-			handlerCalls := make(map[string]bool) // track which patterns were called
+			handlerCalls := make(map[domain.Domain]bool) // track which patterns were called
 
 			// Add handlers according to test case
 			for _, h := range tt.addHandlers {
@@ -659,7 +662,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_CaseSensitivity(t *testing.T) {
 			// Execute request
 			r := new(dns.Msg)
 			r.SetQuestion(tt.query, dns.TypeA)
-			chain.ServeDNS(&mockResponseWriter{}, r)
+			chain.ServeDNS(&test.MockResponseWriter{}, r)
 
 			// Verify each handler was called exactly as expected
 			for _, h := range tt.addHandlers {
@@ -684,19 +687,19 @@ func TestHandlerChain_DomainSpecificityOrdering(t *testing.T) {
 		scenario string
 		ops      []struct {
 			action    string
-			pattern   string
+			pattern   domain.Domain
 			priority  int
 			subdomain bool
 		}
-		query         string
+		query         domain.Domain
-		expectedMatch string
+		expectedMatch domain.Domain
 	}{
 		{
 			name:     "more specific domain matches first",
 			scenario: "sub.example.com should match before example.com",
 			ops: []struct {
 				action    string
-				pattern   string
+				pattern   domain.Domain
 				priority  int
 				subdomain bool
 			}{
@@ -711,7 +714,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_DomainSpecificityOrdering(t *testing.T) {
 			scenario: "sub.example.com should match before example.com",
 			ops: []struct {
 				action    string
-				pattern   string
+				pattern   domain.Domain
 				priority  int
 				subdomain bool
 			}{
@@ -726,7 +729,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_DomainSpecificityOrdering(t *testing.T) {
 			scenario: "after removing most specific, should fall back to less specific",
 			ops: []struct {
 				action    string
-				pattern   string
+				pattern   domain.Domain
 				priority  int
 				subdomain bool
 			}{
@@ -743,7 +746,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_DomainSpecificityOrdering(t *testing.T) {
 			scenario: "less specific domain with higher priority should match first",
 			ops: []struct {
 				action    string
-				pattern   string
+				pattern   domain.Domain
 				priority  int
 				subdomain bool
 			}{
@@ -758,7 +761,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_DomainSpecificityOrdering(t *testing.T) {
 			scenario: "with equal priority, more specific domain should match",
 			ops: []struct {
 				action    string
-				pattern   string
+				pattern   domain.Domain
 				priority  int
 				subdomain bool
 			}{
@@ -774,7 +777,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_DomainSpecificityOrdering(t *testing.T) {
 			scenario: "specific domain should match before wildcard at same priority",
 			ops: []struct {
 				action    string
-				pattern   string
+				pattern   domain.Domain
 				priority  int
 				subdomain bool
 			}{
@@ -789,7 +792,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_DomainSpecificityOrdering(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			chain := nbdns.NewHandlerChain()
-			handlers := make(map[string]*nbdns.MockSubdomainHandler)
+			handlers := make(map[domain.Domain]*nbdns.MockSubdomainHandler)
 
 			for _, op := range tt.ops {
 				if op.action == "add" {
@@ -802,8 +805,8 @@ func TestHandlerChain_DomainSpecificityOrdering(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			r := new(dns.Msg)
-			r.SetQuestion(tt.query, dns.TypeA)
+			r.SetQuestion(tt.query.PunycodeString(), dns.TypeA)
-			w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &mockResponseWriter{}}
+			w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
 
 			// Setup handler expectations
 			for pattern, handler := range handlers {
@@ -830,3 +833,165 @@ func TestHandlerChain_DomainSpecificityOrdering(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestHandlerChain_AddRemoveRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name            string
+		addPattern      domain.Domain
+		removePattern   domain.Domain
+		queryPattern    domain.Domain
+		shouldBeRemoved bool
+		description     string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:            "exact same pattern",
+			addPattern:      "example.com.",
+			removePattern:   "example.com.",
+			queryPattern:    "example.com.",
+			shouldBeRemoved: true,
+			description:     "Adding and removing with identical patterns",
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "case difference",
+			addPattern:      "Example.Com.",
+			removePattern:   "EXAMPLE.COM.",
+			queryPattern:    "example.com.",
+			shouldBeRemoved: true,
+			description:     "Adding with mixed case, removing with uppercase",
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "reversed case difference",
+			addPattern:      "EXAMPLE.ORG.",
+			removePattern:   "example.org.",
+			queryPattern:    "example.org.",
+			shouldBeRemoved: true,
+			description:     "Adding with uppercase, removing with lowercase",
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "add wildcard, remove wildcard",
+			addPattern:      "*.example.com.",
+			removePattern:   "*.example.com.",
+			queryPattern:    "sub.example.com.",
+			shouldBeRemoved: true,
+			description:     "Adding and removing with identical wildcard patterns",
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "add wildcard, remove transformed pattern",
+			addPattern:      "*.example.net.",
+			removePattern:   "example.net.",
+			queryPattern:    "sub.example.net.",
+			shouldBeRemoved: false,
+			description:     "Adding with wildcard, removing with non-wildcard pattern",
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "add transformed pattern, remove wildcard",
+			addPattern:      "example.io.",
+			removePattern:   "*.example.io.",
+			queryPattern:    "example.io.",
+			shouldBeRemoved: false,
+			description:     "Adding with non-wildcard pattern, removing with wildcard pattern",
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "trailing dot difference",
+			addPattern:      "example.dev",
+			removePattern:   "example.dev.",
+			queryPattern:    "example.dev.",
+			shouldBeRemoved: true,
+			description:     "Adding without trailing dot, removing with trailing dot",
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "reversed trailing dot difference",
+			addPattern:      "example.app.",
+			removePattern:   "example.app",
+			queryPattern:    "example.app.",
+			shouldBeRemoved: true,
+			description:     "Adding with trailing dot, removing without trailing dot",
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "mixed case and wildcard",
+			addPattern:      "*.Example.Site.",
+			removePattern:   "*.EXAMPLE.SITE.",
+			queryPattern:    "sub.example.site.",
+			shouldBeRemoved: true,
+			description:     "Adding mixed case wildcard, removing uppercase wildcard",
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "root zone",
+			addPattern:      ".",
+			removePattern:   ".",
+			queryPattern:    "random.domain.",
+			shouldBeRemoved: true,
+			description:     "Adding and removing root zone",
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "wrong domain",
+			addPattern:      "example.com.",
+			removePattern:   "different.com.",
+			queryPattern:    "example.com.",
+			shouldBeRemoved: false,
+			description:     "Adding one domain, trying to remove a different domain",
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "subdomain mismatch",
+			addPattern:      "sub.example.com.",
+			removePattern:   "example.com.",
+			queryPattern:    "sub.example.com.",
+			shouldBeRemoved: false,
+			description:     "Adding subdomain, trying to remove parent domain",
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "parent domain mismatch",
+			addPattern:      "example.com.",
+			removePattern:   "sub.example.com.",
+			queryPattern:    "example.com.",
+			shouldBeRemoved: false,
+			description:     "Adding parent domain, trying to remove subdomain",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			chain := nbdns.NewHandlerChain()
+
+			handler := &nbdns.MockHandler{}
+			r := new(dns.Msg)
+			r.SetQuestion(tt.queryPattern.PunycodeString(), dns.TypeA)
+			w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
+
+			// First verify no handler is called before adding any
+			chain.ServeDNS(w, r)
+			handler.AssertNotCalled(t, "ServeDNS")
+
+			// Add handler
+			chain.AddHandler(tt.addPattern, handler, nbdns.PriorityDefault)
+
+			// Verify handler is called after adding
+			handler.On("ServeDNS", mock.Anything, r).Once()
+			chain.ServeDNS(w, r)
+			handler.AssertExpectations(t)
+
+			// Reset mock for the next test
+			handler.ExpectedCalls = nil
+
+			// Remove handler
+			chain.RemoveHandler(tt.removePattern, nbdns.PriorityDefault)
+
+			// Set up expectations based on whether removal should succeed
+			if !tt.shouldBeRemoved {
+				handler.On("ServeDNS", mock.Anything, r).Once()
+			}
+
+			// Test if handler is still called after removal attempt
+			chain.ServeDNS(w, r)
+
+			if tt.shouldBeRemoved {
+				handler.AssertNotCalled(t, "ServeDNS",
+					"Handler should not be called after successful removal with pattern %q",
+					tt.removePattern)
+			} else {
+				handler.AssertExpectations(t)
+				handler.ExpectedCalls = nil
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

client/internal/dns/host.go

@@ -5,15 +5,18 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
 )
 
 var ErrRouteAllWithoutNameserverGroup = fmt.Errorf("unable to configure DNS for this peer using file manager without a nameserver group with all domains configured")
 
 const (
-	ipv4ReverseZone = ".in-addr.arpa"
+	ipv4ReverseZone = ".in-addr.arpa."
-	ipv6ReverseZone = ".ip6.arpa"
+	ipv6ReverseZone = ".ip6.arpa."
 )
 
 type hostManager interface {
@@ -38,7 +41,7 @@ type HostDNSConfig struct {
 
 type DomainConfig struct {
 	Disabled  bool          `json:"disabled"`
-	Domain    string `json:"domain"`
+	Domain    domain.Domain `json:"domain"`
 	MatchOnly bool          `json:"matchOnly"`
 }
 
@@ -101,18 +104,20 @@ func dnsConfigToHostDNSConfig(dnsConfig nbdns.Config, ip string, port int) HostD
 			config.RouteAll = true
 		}
 
-		for _, domain := range nsConfig.Domains {
+		for _, d := range nsConfig.Domains {
+			d := strings.ToLower(dns.Fqdn(d.PunycodeString()))
 			config.Domains = append(config.Domains, DomainConfig{
-				Domain:    strings.TrimSuffix(domain, "."),
+				Domain:    domain.Domain(d),
 				MatchOnly: !nsConfig.SearchDomainsEnabled,
 			})
 		}
 	}
 
 	for _, customZone := range dnsConfig.CustomZones {
-		matchOnly := strings.HasSuffix(customZone.Domain, ipv4ReverseZone) || strings.HasSuffix(customZone.Domain, ipv6ReverseZone)
+		d := strings.ToLower(dns.Fqdn(customZone.Domain))
+		matchOnly := strings.HasSuffix(d, ipv4ReverseZone) || strings.HasSuffix(d, ipv6ReverseZone)
 		config.Domains = append(config.Domains, DomainConfig{
-			Domain:    strings.TrimSuffix(customZone.Domain, "."),
+			Domain:    domain.Domain(d),
 			MatchOnly: matchOnly,
 		})
 	}

client/internal/dns/host_darwin.go

@@ -79,10 +79,10 @@ func (s *systemConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager *
 			continue
 		}
 		if dConf.MatchOnly {
-			matchDomains = append(matchDomains, dConf.Domain)
+			matchDomains = append(matchDomains, strings.TrimSuffix(dConf.Domain.PunycodeString(), "."))
 			continue
 		}
-		searchDomains = append(searchDomains, dConf.Domain)
+		searchDomains = append(searchDomains, strings.TrimSuffix(""+dConf.Domain.PunycodeString(), "."))
 	}
 
 	matchKey := getKeyWithInput(netbirdDNSStateKeyFormat, matchSuffix)