update alias

.github/workflows/test-infrastructure-files.yml

@@ -249,35 +249,78 @@ jobs:
           docker compose exec management ls -l /var/lib/netbird/ | grep -i GeoLite2-City_[0-9]*.mmdb
           docker compose exec management ls -l /var/lib/netbird/ | grep -i geonames_[0-9]*.db
 
-  test-legacy-getting-started-scripts:
+  test-getting-started-script:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
+      - name: Install jq
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y jq
+
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
-      - name: Verify Dex retirement notice
-        run: |
-          if infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-dex.sh >stdout.txt 2>stderr.txt; then
-            echo "Expected the retired Dex installer to fail"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          test ! -s stdout.txt
-          grep -Fq "Dex support is not deprecated." stderr.txt
-          grep -Fq "https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-quickstart" stderr.txt
-          grep -Fq "https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/identity-providers/local" stderr.txt
-          grep -Fq "removed in NetBird v0.80" stderr.txt
+      - name: run script with Zitadel PostgreSQL
+        run: NETBIRD_DOMAIN=use-ip bash -x infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh
 
-      - name: Verify Zitadel retirement notice
+      - name: test Caddy file gen postgres
+        run: test -f Caddyfile
+
+      - name: test docker-compose file gen postgres
+        run: test -f docker-compose.yml
+
+      - name: test management.json file gen postgres
+        run: test -f management.json
+
+      - name: test turnserver.conf file gen postgres
         run: |
-          if bash infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh >stdout.txt 2>stderr.txt; then
-            echo "Expected the retired Zitadel installer to fail"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          test ! -s stdout.txt
-          grep -Fq "Zitadel support and existing Zitadel deployments are not deprecated." stderr.txt
-          grep -Fq "https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-quickstart" stderr.txt
-          grep -Fq "https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/identity-providers/zitadel" stderr.txt
-          grep -Fq "https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-guide" stderr.txt
-          grep -Fq "removed in NetBird v0.80" stderr.txt
+          set -x
+          test -f turnserver.conf
+          grep external-ip turnserver.conf
+
+      - name: test zitadel.env file gen postgres
+        run: test -f zitadel.env
+
+      - name: test dashboard.env file gen postgres
+        run: test -f dashboard.env
+
+      - name: test relay.env file gen postgres
+        run: test -f relay.env
+
+      - name: test zdb.env file gen postgres
+        run: test -f zdb.env
+
+      - name: Postgres run cleanup
+        run: |
+          docker compose down --volumes --rmi all
+          rm -rf docker-compose.yml Caddyfile zitadel.env dashboard.env machinekey/zitadel-admin-sa.token turnserver.conf management.json zdb.env
+
+      - name: run script with Zitadel CockroachDB
+        run: bash -x infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh
+        env:
+          NETBIRD_DOMAIN: use-ip
+          ZITADEL_DATABASE: cockroach
+
+      - name: test Caddy file gen CockroachDB
+        run: test -f Caddyfile
+
+      - name: test docker-compose file gen CockroachDB
+        run: test -f docker-compose.yml
+
+      - name: test management.json file gen CockroachDB
+        run: test -f management.json
+
+      - name: test turnserver.conf file gen CockroachDB
+        run: |
+          set -x
+          test -f turnserver.conf
+          grep external-ip turnserver.conf
+
+      - name: test zitadel.env file gen CockroachDB
+        run: test -f zitadel.env
+
+      - name: test dashboard.env file gen CockroachDB
+        run: test -f dashboard.env
+
+      - name: test relay.env file gen CockroachDB
+        run: test -f relay.env

client/ssh/server/command_execution_windows.go

@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ func (s *Server) setUserEnvironmentVariables(envMap map[string]string, userProfi
 
 // prepareCommandEnv prepares environment variables for command execution on Windows
 func (s *Server) prepareCommandEnv(logger *log.Entry, localUser *user.User, session ssh.Session) []string {
-	username, domain := parseUsername(localUser.Username)
+	username, domain := s.parseUsername(localUser.Username)
 	userEnv, err := s.getUserEnvironment(logger, username, domain)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Debugf("failed to get user environment for %s\\%s, using fallback: %v", domain, username, err)
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ func (s *Server) executeCommandWithPty(logger *log.Entry, session ssh.Session, _
 		return false
 	}
 
-	username, domain := parseUsername(localUser.Username)
+	username, domain := s.parseUsername(localUser.Username)
 	shell := getUserShell(localUser.Uid)
 
 	req := PtyExecutionRequest{

client/ssh/server/privileges_other.go

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !windows
-
-package server
-
-// isProcessElevated is only meaningful on Windows; other platforms use the
-// effective UID check in isCurrentProcessPrivileged.
-func isProcessElevated() bool {
-	return false
-}
-
-// isWindowsAccountPrivileged is only reachable on Windows. Fail closed if it
-// is ever called on another platform.
-func isWindowsAccountPrivileged(string) bool {
-	return true
-}

client/ssh/server/privileges_windows.go

@@ -1,223 +0,0 @@
-//go:build windows
-
-package server
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
-)
-
-var (
-	netapi32                  = windows.NewLazySystemDLL("netapi32.dll")
-	procNetUserGetLocalGroups = netapi32.NewProc("NetUserGetLocalGroups")
-)
-
-const (
-	// lgIncludeIndirect makes NetUserGetLocalGroups also return local groups
-	// the user belongs to through a global group.
-	lgIncludeIndirect  = 0x1
-	maxPreferredLength = 0xFFFFFFFF
-)
-
-// localGroupUsersInfo0 mirrors LOCALGROUP_USERS_INFO_0.
-type localGroupUsersInfo0 struct {
-	name *uint16
-}
-
-// isProcessElevated reports whether the current process token is elevated
-// (TokenElevation): true for elevated administrators, the built-in
-// Administrator, administrators with UAC disabled, and SYSTEM; false for
-// standard users and administrators running with a UAC-filtered token.
-func isProcessElevated() bool {
-	return windows.GetCurrentProcessToken().IsElevated()
-}
-
-// isWindowsAccountPrivileged reports whether the account is privileged on this
-// machine: a well-known service account, a built-in Administrator (RID 500),
-// or a member of the local Administrators group, directly or through nested
-// groups. Evaluation errors count as privileged so policy checks fail closed.
-func isWindowsAccountPrivileged(username string) bool {
-	sid, _, _, err := windows.LookupSID("", username)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("privilege check: SID lookup for %q failed, treating as privileged: %v", username, err)
-		return true
-	}
-
-	if isPrivilegedUserSID(sid) {
-		return true
-	}
-
-	member, err := isLocalAdminsMember(username)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("privilege check: cannot determine Administrators membership for %q, treating as privileged: %v", username, err)
-		return true
-	}
-	return member
-}
-
-// isPrivilegedUserSID reports whether the SID itself identifies a privileged
-// principal, without consulting group membership.
-func isPrivilegedUserSID(sid *windows.SID) bool {
-	wellKnown := []windows.WELL_KNOWN_SID_TYPE{
-		windows.WinLocalSystemSid,
-		windows.WinLocalServiceSid,
-		windows.WinNetworkServiceSid,
-		windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid,
-	}
-	for _, sidType := range wellKnown {
-		if sid.IsWellKnown(sidType) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return isBuiltinAdministratorSID(sid)
-}
-
-// isBuiltinAdministratorSID reports whether the SID is a machine or domain
-// built-in Administrator account (S-1-5-21-...-500). RID 500 is reserved for
-// that account; it can be renamed but cannot be removed from the
-// Administrators group.
-func isBuiltinAdministratorSID(sid *windows.SID) bool {
-	if sid.IdentifierAuthority() != windows.SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY {
-		return false
-	}
-	count := sid.SubAuthorityCount()
-	if count < 2 || sid.SubAuthority(0) != 21 {
-		return false
-	}
-	return sid.SubAuthority(uint32(count-1)) == 500
-}
-
-// isLocalAdminsMember reports whether the account is a member of the local
-// Administrators group.
-//
-// Local accounts are checked against the local SAM, which is authoritative for
-// them and, unlike a token, cannot under-report: UAC filters the tokens of
-// local administrators, and a filtered token carries Administrators as
-// deny-only, which a membership check on the token would read as "not a
-// member". Domain accounts are exempt from that filtering, so for them an S4U
-// token is preferred because its group list is LSA's transitive expansion and
-// therefore covers nested and universal groups plus the machine's own local
-// groups. NetUserGetLocalGroups expands only one global-group hop but needs no
-// logon, so it serves as the fallback when no token can be obtained.
-func isLocalAdminsMember(username string) (bool, error) {
-	adminSid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, fmt.Errorf("create Administrators SID: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	account, domain := parseUsername(username)
-	if NewPrivilegeDropper().isLocalUser(domain) {
-		return localGroupsContainSID(account, adminSid)
-	}
-
-	member, s4uErr := s4uTokenIsMember(account, domain, adminSid)
-	if s4uErr == nil {
-		return member, nil
-	}
-	log.Debugf("privilege check: S4U membership check for %q failed, falling back to local group enumeration: %v", username, s4uErr)
-
-	member, err = localGroupsContainSID(buildUserCpn(account, domain), adminSid)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, fmt.Errorf("S4U check: %w; local group enumeration: %w", s4uErr, err)
-	}
-	return member, nil
-}
-
-// s4uTokenIsMember obtains an S4U token for the account and checks whether the
-// given SID is enabled in it.
-func s4uTokenIsMember(account, domain string, sid *windows.SID) (bool, error) {
-	token, err := generateS4UUserToken(log.NewEntry(log.StandardLogger()), account, domain)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		if err := windows.CloseHandle(token); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("close S4U token: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-	return windows.Token(token).IsMember(sid)
-}
-
-// localGroupsContainSID reports whether the wanted group is among the local
-// groups the account belongs to, directly or through a global group.
-//
-// The wanted SID is resolved to its group name once and compared against the
-// enumerated names. Well-known SIDs resolve from a static table, so that lookup
-// needs no domain controller, and it keeps the comparison correct for a renamed
-// or localized group because both sides then carry the new name. Resolving each
-// enumerated name back to a SID instead would add a lookup per group that can
-// block until it times out while a domain controller is unreachable, and cannot
-// change the outcome: the names enumerated here are local groups of this
-// machine, whose names are unique, so a name match identifies the group.
-//
-// A failure to resolve the wanted SID is returned rather than reported as
-// "not a member", so a privilege check built on this fails closed.
-func localGroupsContainSID(username string, want *windows.SID) (bool, error) {
-	wantName, _, _, err := want.LookupAccount("")
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, fmt.Errorf("resolve group SID %s to a name: %w", want, err)
-	}
-
-	groups, err := netUserGetLocalGroups(username)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	for _, group := range groups {
-		if strings.EqualFold(group, wantName) {
-			return true, nil
-		}
-	}
-	return false, nil
-}
-
-// netUserGetLocalGroups returns the names of the local groups the account is a
-// member of, including indirect membership through global groups.
-func netUserGetLocalGroups(username string) ([]string, error) {
-	name16, err := windows.UTF16PtrFromString(username)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("convert username: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var buf *byte
-	var entriesRead, totalEntries uint32
-	status, _, _ := procNetUserGetLocalGroups.Call(
-		0, // local server
-		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(name16)),
-		0, // level 0: LOCALGROUP_USERS_INFO_0
-		lgIncludeIndirect,
-		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&buf)),
-		maxPreferredLength,
-		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&entriesRead)),
-		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&totalEntries)),
-	)
-	if status != 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("NetUserGetLocalGroups for %q: status %d", username, status)
-	}
-	if buf == nil {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		if err := windows.NetApiBufferFree(buf); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("free NetApi buffer: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	// MAX_PREFERRED_LENGTH makes the API allocate as much as it needs, so a
-	// short read is not expected. Report it rather than silently returning a
-	// subset of the account's groups.
-	if entriesRead != totalEntries {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("NetUserGetLocalGroups for %q returned %d of %d groups", username, entriesRead, totalEntries)
-	}
-
-	entries := unsafe.Slice((*localGroupUsersInfo0)(unsafe.Pointer(buf)), entriesRead)
-	groups := make([]string, 0, entriesRead)
-	for _, entry := range entries {
-		groups = append(groups, windows.UTF16PtrToString(entry.name))
-	}
-	return groups, nil
-}

client/ssh/server/privileges_windows_test.go

@@ -1,293 +0,0 @@
-//go:build windows
-
-package server
-
-import (
-	"os/user"
-	"testing"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
-)
-
-// filterNormalAccount limits NetUserEnum to normal user accounts.
-const filterNormalAccount = 0x2
-
-// TOKEN_ELEVATION_TYPE values.
-const (
-	tokenElevationTypeDefault = 1
-	tokenElevationTypeFull    = 2
-	tokenElevationTypeLimited = 3
-)
-
-// tokenElevationType reads TokenElevationType from a token.
-func tokenElevationType(token windows.Token) (uint32, error) {
-	var elevationType, returnedLen uint32
-	err := windows.GetTokenInformation(token, windows.TokenElevationType,
-		(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&elevationType)), uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(elevationType)), &returnedLen)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	return elevationType, nil
-}
-
-// userInfo0 mirrors USER_INFO_0.
-type userInfo0 struct {
-	name *uint16
-}
-
-func mustParseSID(t *testing.T, s string) *windows.SID {
-	t.Helper()
-	sid, err := windows.StringToSid(s)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "parse SID %s", s)
-	return sid
-}
-
-// localAccountNames returns the names of the local user accounts.
-func localAccountNames(t *testing.T) []string {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	var buf *byte
-	var entriesRead, totalEntries, resume uint32
-	err := windows.NetUserEnum(nil, 0, filterNormalAccount, &buf, maxPreferredLength,
-		&entriesRead, &totalEntries, &resume)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "enumerate local users")
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, windows.NetApiBufferFree(buf), "free NetApi buffer")
-	})
-
-	entries := unsafe.Slice((*userInfo0)(unsafe.Pointer(buf)), entriesRead)
-	names := make([]string, 0, entriesRead)
-	for _, entry := range entries {
-		names = append(names, windows.UTF16PtrToString(entry.name))
-	}
-	return names
-}
-
-// localAccountNameByRID returns the name of the local account carrying the
-// given RID. Accounts such as Administrator and Guest can be renamed and are
-// localized, so tests must not name them literally.
-func localAccountNameByRID(t *testing.T, rid uint32) string {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	for _, name := range localAccountNames(t) {
-		sid, _, _, err := windows.LookupSID("", name)
-		if err != nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		if sid.IdentifierAuthority() != windows.SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY {
-			continue
-		}
-		count := sid.SubAuthorityCount()
-		if count < 2 || sid.SubAuthority(0) != 21 {
-			continue
-		}
-		if sid.SubAuthority(uint32(count-1)) == rid {
-			return name
-		}
-	}
-
-	t.Fatalf("no local account with RID %d", rid)
-	return ""
-}
-
-// wellKnownAccountName resolves a well-known SID to the qualified account name
-// the local system uses for it, which is localized.
-func wellKnownAccountName(t *testing.T, sidType windows.WELL_KNOWN_SID_TYPE) string {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	sid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(sidType)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "create well-known SID")
-	name, domain, _, err := sid.LookupAccount("")
-	require.NoError(t, err, "resolve %s to an account name", sid)
-	if domain == "" {
-		return name
-	}
-	return domain + `\` + name
-}
-
-func TestIsBuiltinAdministratorSID(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name string
-		sid  string
-		want bool
-	}{
-		{"machine_administrator", "S-1-5-21-1111111111-2222222222-3333333333-500", true},
-		{"domain_administrator", "S-1-5-21-3390233681-4087452608-412898826-500", true},
-		{"regular_user", "S-1-5-21-1111111111-2222222222-3333333333-1001", false},
-		{"guest_account", "S-1-5-21-1111111111-2222222222-3333333333-501", false},
-		{"domain_admins_group", "S-1-5-21-1111111111-2222222222-3333333333-512", false},
-		{"system", "S-1-5-18", false},
-		{"administrators_group", "S-1-5-32-544", false},
-		{"non_nt_authority", "S-1-1-0", false},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			result := isBuiltinAdministratorSID(mustParseSID(t, tt.sid))
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, result, "RID 500 detection for %s", tt.sid)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestIsPrivilegedUserSID(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name string
-		sid  string
-		want bool
-	}{
-		{"local_system", "S-1-5-18", true},
-		{"local_service", "S-1-5-19", true},
-		{"network_service", "S-1-5-20", true},
-		{"administrators_group", "S-1-5-32-544", true},
-		{"builtin_administrator", "S-1-5-21-1111111111-2222222222-3333333333-500", true},
-		{"regular_user", "S-1-5-21-1111111111-2222222222-3333333333-1001", false},
-		{"users_group", "S-1-5-32-545", false},
-		{"everyone", "S-1-1-0", false},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			result := isPrivilegedUserSID(mustParseSID(t, tt.sid))
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, result, "SID privilege classification for %s", tt.sid)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestIsWindowsAccountPrivileged(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name     string
-		username string
-		want     bool
-	}{
-		{"system", wellKnownAccountName(t, windows.WinLocalSystemSid), true},
-		{"local_service", wellKnownAccountName(t, windows.WinLocalServiceSid), true},
-		{"network_service", wellKnownAccountName(t, windows.WinNetworkServiceSid), true},
-		{"administrators_group", wellKnownAccountName(t, windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid), true},
-		// The built-in Administrator (RID 500) and Guest (RID 501) accounts
-		// exist on every Windows installation, though they may be disabled.
-		{"builtin_administrator", localAccountNameByRID(t, 500), true},
-		{"guest", localAccountNameByRID(t, 501), false},
-		// Unresolvable accounts fail closed.
-		{"nonexistent_user", "netbird-no-such-user", true},
-		{"empty_username", "", true},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			result := isWindowsAccountPrivileged(tt.username)
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, result, "account privilege classification for %q", tt.username)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestIsProcessElevated(t *testing.T) {
-	elevated := isProcessElevated()
-
-	// TokenElevationType is a second, independent view of the same token:
-	// Full means elevated and Limited means a filtered administrator, while
-	// Default covers both a standard user and an administrator with no linked
-	// token (UAC off, the built-in Administrator, SYSTEM), so it implies nothing.
-	elevationType, err := tokenElevationType(windows.GetCurrentProcessToken())
-	require.NoError(t, err, "read token elevation type")
-
-	adminSid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "create Administrators SID")
-
-	// Token(0) makes CheckTokenMembership evaluate the caller's own token. It
-	// counts only enabled SIDs, so a filtered administrator reports false here.
-	member, err := windows.Token(0).IsMember(adminSid)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "check own Administrators membership")
-
-	t.Logf("elevated=%v elevationType=%d memberOfAdministrators=%v", elevated, elevationType, member)
-
-	switch elevationType {
-	case tokenElevationTypeFull:
-		assert.True(t, elevated, "a token of elevation type Full must report elevated")
-	case tokenElevationTypeLimited:
-		assert.False(t, elevated, "a filtered administrator token must not report elevated")
-	}
-
-	// Administrators enabled in the token means the token wields administrative
-	// rights, which is what elevation reports.
-	if member {
-		assert.True(t, elevated, "token with enabled Administrators membership must report elevated")
-	}
-}
-
-// TestS4UMembershipAgreesWithLocalGroups exercises the S4U token path used
-// for domain accounts. S4U logons need the TCB privilege, so the test runs
-// only as SYSTEM (which is how CI executes the suite). For local accounts the
-// token's Administrators membership must agree with the SAM enumeration.
-func TestS4UMembershipAgreesWithLocalGroups(t *testing.T) {
-	system, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinLocalSystemSid)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "create SYSTEM SID")
-	current, err := user.Current()
-	require.NoError(t, err, "get current user")
-	if current.Uid != system.String() {
-		t.Skipf("S4U logon requires SYSTEM (running as %s)", current.Username)
-	}
-
-	adminSid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "create Administrators SID")
-
-	checked := 0
-	for _, name := range localAccountNames(t) {
-		viaToken, err := s4uTokenIsMember(name, ".", adminSid)
-		if err != nil {
-			// Disabled or logon-restricted accounts cannot get an S4U logon.
-			t.Logf("skipping %s: %v", name, err)
-			continue
-		}
-		viaSAM, err := localGroupsContainSID(name, adminSid)
-		require.NoError(t, err, "enumerate local groups for %s", name)
-
-		assert.Equal(t, viaSAM, viaToken, "S4U token and SAM enumeration must agree on Administrators membership for %s", name)
-		checked++
-	}
-	// Ineligible accounts are skipped, so without this the test could report
-	// success while comparing nothing at all.
-	require.Positive(t, checked, "no local account completed an S4U logon, so nothing was compared")
-	t.Logf("checked %d local accounts via S4U", checked)
-}
-
-// TestLocalGroupsContainSID_Administrator checks the positive case against the
-// built-in Administrator, a member of Administrators on every installation.
-func TestLocalGroupsContainSID_Administrator(t *testing.T) {
-	adminSid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "create Administrators SID")
-
-	administrator := localAccountNameByRID(t, 500)
-	member, err := localGroupsContainSID(administrator, adminSid)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "enumerate local groups for %s", administrator)
-	assert.True(t, member, "%s is a member of the Administrators group", administrator)
-}
-
-// TestLocalGroupsContainSID_UnresolvableGroupFailsClosed covers a wanted SID
-// that resolves to no group: the error must surface rather than being reported
-// as "not a member", so the privilege check treats the account as privileged.
-func TestLocalGroupsContainSID_UnresolvableGroupFailsClosed(t *testing.T) {
-	unknown := mustParseSID(t, "S-1-5-21-1111111111-2222222222-3333333333-4444")
-
-	_, err := localGroupsContainSID(localAccountNameByRID(t, 500), unknown)
-	require.Error(t, err, "must report an error when the wanted group cannot be identified")
-}
-
-func TestLocalGroupsContainSID_Guest(t *testing.T) {
-	guestsSid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinBuiltinGuestsSid)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "create Guests SID")
-	adminsSid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "create Administrators SID")
-
-	guest := localAccountNameByRID(t, 501)
-
-	inGuests, err := localGroupsContainSID(guest, guestsSid)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "enumerate local groups for %s", guest)
-	assert.True(t, inGuests, "%s is a member of the Guests group", guest)
-
-	inAdmins, err := localGroupsContainSID(guest, adminsSid)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "enumerate local groups for %s", guest)
-	assert.False(t, inAdmins, "%s is not a member of the Administrators group", guest)
-}

client/ssh/server/server_config_test.go

@@ -420,13 +420,6 @@ func TestServer_PortConflictHandling(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestServer_IsPrivilegedUser(t *testing.T) {
 
-	// Windows classification depends on account SIDs and group membership, and
-	// the accounts involved carry localized, renameable names. It is covered by
-	// TestIsWindowsAccountPrivileged, which resolves them from well-known SIDs.
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		t.Skip("covered by TestIsWindowsAccountPrivileged")
-	}
-
 	tests := []struct {
 		username    string
 		expected    bool
@@ -447,11 +440,39 @@ func TestServer_IsPrivilegedUser(t *testing.T) {
 			expected:    false,
 			description: "empty username should not be privileged",
 		},
-		{
-			username:    "Administrator",
-			expected:    false,
-			description: "Administrator should not be privileged on non-Windows systems",
-		},
+	}
+
+	// Add Windows-specific tests
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		tests = append(tests, []struct {
+			username    string
+			expected    bool
+			description string
+		}{
+			{
+				username:    "Administrator",
+				expected:    true,
+				description: "Administrator should be considered privileged on Windows",
+			},
+			{
+				username:    "administrator",
+				expected:    true,
+				description: "administrator should be considered privileged on Windows (case insensitive)",
+			},
+		}...)
+	} else {
+		// On non-Windows systems, Administrator should not be privileged
+		tests = append(tests, []struct {
+			username    string
+			expected    bool
+			description string
+		}{
+			{
+				username:    "Administrator",
+				expected:    false,
+				description: "Administrator should not be privileged on non-Windows systems",
+			},
+		}...)
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {

client/ssh/server/sftp_windows.go

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 // createSftpCommand creates a Windows SFTP command with user switching.
 // The caller must close the returned token handle after starting the process.
 func (s *Server) createSftpCommand(targetUser *user.User, sess ssh.Session) (*exec.Cmd, windows.Token, error) {
-	username, domain := parseUsername(targetUser.Username)
+	username, domain := s.parseUsername(targetUser.Username)
 
 	netbirdPath, err := os.Executable()
 	if err != nil {

client/ssh/server/user_utils.go

@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ var (
 	ErrPrivilegedUserSwitch = errors.New("cannot switch to privileged user - current user lacks required privileges")
 )
 
+// isPlatformUnix returns true for Unix-like platforms (Linux, macOS, etc.)
+func isPlatformUnix() bool {
+	return getCurrentOS() != "windows"
+}
+
 // Dependency injection variables for testing - allows mocking dynamic runtime checks
 var (
 	getCurrentUser         = currentUserWithGetent
@@ -24,9 +29,6 @@ var (
 	getIsProcessPrivileged = isCurrentProcessPrivileged
 
 	getEuid = os.Geteuid
-
-	getProcessElevated          = isProcessElevated
-	getWindowsAccountPrivileged = isWindowsAccountPrivileged
 )
 
 const (
@@ -63,13 +65,6 @@ type PrivilegeCheckResult struct {
 	RequiresUserSwitching bool
 }
 
-// privilegeCheckContext holds all context needed for privilege checking
-type privilegeCheckContext struct {
-	currentUser           *user.User
-	currentUserPrivileged bool
-	allowRoot             bool
-}
-
 // CheckPrivileges performs comprehensive privilege checking for all SSH features.
 // This is the single source of truth for privilege decisions across the SSH server.
 func (s *Server) CheckPrivileges(req PrivilegeCheckRequest) PrivilegeCheckResult {
@@ -180,42 +175,6 @@ func (s *Server) resolveRequestedUser(requestedUsername string) (*user.User, err
 	return u, nil
 }
 
-// SetAllowRootLogin configures root login access
-func (s *Server) SetAllowRootLogin(allow bool) {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.mu.Unlock()
-	s.allowRootLogin = allow
-}
-
-// userNameLookup performs user lookup with root login permission check
-func (s *Server) userNameLookup(username string) (*user.User, error) {
-	result, err := s.userPrivilegeCheck(username)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return result.User, nil
-}
-
-// userPrivilegeCheck performs user lookup with full privilege check result
-func (s *Server) userPrivilegeCheck(username string) (PrivilegeCheckResult, error) {
-	result := s.CheckPrivileges(PrivilegeCheckRequest{
-		RequestedUsername:         username,
-		FeatureSupportsUserSwitch: true,
-		FeatureName:               FeatureSSHLogin,
-	})
-
-	if !result.Allowed {
-		return result, result.Error
-	}
-
-	return result, nil
-}
-
-// isPlatformUnix returns true for Unix-like platforms (Linux, macOS, etc.)
-func isPlatformUnix() bool {
-	return getCurrentOS() != "windows"
-}
-
 // isSameResolvedUser compares two resolved user identities
 func isSameResolvedUser(user1, user2 *user.User) bool {
 	if user1 == nil || user2 == nil {
@@ -224,6 +183,13 @@ func isSameResolvedUser(user1, user2 *user.User) bool {
 	return user1.Uid == user2.Uid
 }
 
+// privilegeCheckContext holds all context needed for privilege checking
+type privilegeCheckContext struct {
+	currentUser           *user.User
+	currentUserPrivileged bool
+	allowRoot             bool
+}
+
 // isSameUser checks if two usernames refer to the same user
 // SECURITY: This function must be conservative - it should only return true
 // when we're certain both usernames refer to the exact same user identity
@@ -287,24 +253,159 @@ func isWindowsSameUser(requestedUsername, currentUsername string) bool {
 	return strings.EqualFold(reqDomain, curDomain)
 }
 
+// SetAllowRootLogin configures root login access
+func (s *Server) SetAllowRootLogin(allow bool) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.allowRootLogin = allow
+}
+
+// userNameLookup performs user lookup with root login permission check
+func (s *Server) userNameLookup(username string) (*user.User, error) {
+	result := s.CheckPrivileges(PrivilegeCheckRequest{
+		RequestedUsername:         username,
+		FeatureSupportsUserSwitch: true,
+		FeatureName:               FeatureSSHLogin,
+	})
+
+	if !result.Allowed {
+		return nil, result.Error
+	}
+
+	return result.User, nil
+}
+
+// userPrivilegeCheck performs user lookup with full privilege check result
+func (s *Server) userPrivilegeCheck(username string) (PrivilegeCheckResult, error) {
+	result := s.CheckPrivileges(PrivilegeCheckRequest{
+		RequestedUsername:         username,
+		FeatureSupportsUserSwitch: true,
+		FeatureName:               FeatureSSHLogin,
+	})
+
+	if !result.Allowed {
+		return result, result.Error
+	}
+
+	return result, nil
+}
+
 // isPrivilegedUsername checks if the given username represents a privileged user across platforms.
-// On Unix: root.
-// On Windows: well-known service accounts, built-in Administrator accounts,
-// and members of the local Administrators group; handles domain-qualified
-// usernames like "DOMAIN\user" or "user@domain.com".
+// On Unix: root
+// On Windows: Administrator, SYSTEM (case-insensitive)
+// Handles domain-qualified usernames like "DOMAIN\Administrator" or "user@domain.com"
 func isPrivilegedUsername(username string) bool {
 	if getCurrentOS() != "windows" {
 		return username == "root"
 	}
-	return getWindowsAccountPrivileged(username)
+
+	bareUsername := username
+	// Handle Windows domain format: DOMAIN\username
+	if idx := strings.LastIndex(username, `\`); idx != -1 {
+		bareUsername = username[idx+1:]
+	}
+	// Handle email-style format: username@domain.com
+	if idx := strings.Index(bareUsername, "@"); idx != -1 {
+		bareUsername = bareUsername[:idx]
+	}
+
+	return isWindowsPrivilegedUser(bareUsername)
+}
+
+// isWindowsPrivilegedUser checks if a bare username (domain already stripped) represents a Windows privileged account
+func isWindowsPrivilegedUser(bareUsername string) bool {
+	// common privileged usernames (case insensitive)
+	privilegedNames := []string{
+		"administrator",
+		"admin",
+		"root",
+		"system",
+		"localsystem",
+		"networkservice",
+		"localservice",
+	}
+
+	usernameLower := strings.ToLower(bareUsername)
+	for _, privilegedName := range privilegedNames {
+		if usernameLower == privilegedName {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	// computer accounts (ending with $) are not privileged by themselves
+	// They only gain privileges through group membership or specific SIDs
+
+	if targetUser, err := lookupUser(bareUsername); err == nil {
+		return isWindowsPrivilegedSID(targetUser.Uid)
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// isWindowsPrivilegedSID checks if a Windows SID represents a privileged account
+func isWindowsPrivilegedSID(sid string) bool {
+	privilegedSIDs := []string{
+		"S-1-5-18",     // Local System (SYSTEM)
+		"S-1-5-19",     // Local Service (NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE)
+		"S-1-5-20",     // Network Service (NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE)
+		"S-1-5-32-544", // Administrators group (BUILTIN\Administrators)
+		"S-1-5-500",    // Built-in Administrator account (local machine RID 500)
+	}
+
+	for _, privilegedSID := range privilegedSIDs {
+		if sid == privilegedSID {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Check for domain administrator accounts (RID 500 in any domain)
+	// Format: S-1-5-21-domain-domain-domain-500
+	// This is reliable as RID 500 is reserved for the domain Administrator account
+	if strings.HasPrefix(sid, "S-1-5-21-") && strings.HasSuffix(sid, "-500") {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// Check for other well-known privileged RIDs in domain contexts
+	// RID 512 = Domain Admins group, RID 516 = Domain Controllers group
+	if strings.HasPrefix(sid, "S-1-5-21-") {
+		if strings.HasSuffix(sid, "-512") || // Domain Admins group
+			strings.HasSuffix(sid, "-516") || // Domain Controllers group
+			strings.HasSuffix(sid, "-519") { // Enterprise Admins group
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
 }
 
 // isCurrentProcessPrivileged checks if the current process is running with elevated privileges.
 // On Unix systems, this means running as root (UID 0).
-// On Windows, this means the process token is elevated (administrators, SYSTEM).
+// On Windows, this means running as Administrator or SYSTEM.
 func isCurrentProcessPrivileged() bool {
 	if getCurrentOS() == "windows" {
-		return getProcessElevated()
+		return isWindowsElevated()
 	}
 	return getEuid() == 0
 }
+
+// isWindowsElevated checks if the current process is running with elevated privileges on Windows
+func isWindowsElevated() bool {
+	currentUser, err := getCurrentUser()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to get current user for privilege check, assuming non-privileged: %v", err)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if isWindowsPrivilegedSID(currentUser.Uid) {
+		log.Debugf("Windows user switching supported: running as privileged SID %s", currentUser.Uid)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	if isPrivilegedUsername(currentUser.Username) {
+		log.Debugf("Windows user switching supported: running as privileged username %s", currentUser.Username)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("Windows user switching not supported: not running as privileged user (current: %s)", currentUser.Uid)
+	return false
+}

client/ssh/server/user_utils_test.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"os/user"
 	"runtime"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -28,8 +27,8 @@ func setupTestDependencies(currentUser *user.User, currentUserErr error, os stri
 	originalLookupUser := lookupUser
 	originalGetCurrentOS := getCurrentOS
 	originalGetEuid := getEuid
-	originalGetProcessElevated := getProcessElevated
-	originalGetWindowsAccountPrivileged := getWindowsAccountPrivileged
+
+	// Reset caches to ensure clean test state
 
 	// Set test values - inject platform dependencies
 	getCurrentUser = func() (*user.User, error) {
@@ -54,31 +53,16 @@ func setupTestDependencies(currentUser *user.User, currentUserErr error, os stri
 		return euid
 	}
 
-	// Simulate the Windows token elevation check based on the fixture user:
-	// the built-in Administrator (RID 500) and SYSTEM run elevated.
-	getProcessElevated = func() bool {
+	// Mock privilege detection based on the test user
+	getIsProcessPrivileged = func() bool {
 		if currentUser == nil {
 			return false
 		}
-		return currentUser.Uid == "S-1-5-18" || strings.HasSuffix(currentUser.Uid, "-500")
-	}
-
-	// Simulate the Windows account classifier for the fixture accounts.
-	// "root" does not exist on Windows; the real classifier fails closed on
-	// unresolvable accounts, so it counts as privileged here too.
-	getWindowsAccountPrivileged = func(username string) bool {
-		bare := username
-		if idx := strings.LastIndex(bare, `\`); idx != -1 {
-			bare = bare[idx+1:]
-		}
-		if idx := strings.Index(bare, "@"); idx != -1 {
-			bare = bare[:idx]
-		}
-		switch strings.ToLower(bare) {
-		case "administrator", "system", "root":
+		// Check both username and SID for Windows systems
+		if os == "windows" && isWindowsPrivilegedSID(currentUser.Uid) {
 			return true
 		}
-		return false
+		return isPrivilegedUsername(currentUser.Username)
 	}
 
 	// Return cleanup function
@@ -87,8 +71,10 @@ func setupTestDependencies(currentUser *user.User, currentUserErr error, os stri
 		lookupUser = originalLookupUser
 		getCurrentOS = originalGetCurrentOS
 		getEuid = originalGetEuid
-		getProcessElevated = originalGetProcessElevated
-		getWindowsAccountPrivileged = originalGetWindowsAccountPrivileged
+
+		getIsProcessPrivileged = isCurrentProcessPrivileged
+
+		// Reset caches after test
 	}
 }
 
@@ -435,9 +421,6 @@ func TestUsedFallback_MeansNoPrivilegeDropping(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestPrivilegedUsernameDetection(t *testing.T) {
-	// Windows classification is syscall-backed (SID resolution, group
-	// membership) and is covered by privileges_windows_test.go; here only the
-	// Unix logic and the platform dispatch are exercised.
 	tests := []struct {
 		name       string
 		username   string
@@ -449,9 +432,25 @@ func TestPrivilegedUsernameDetection(t *testing.T) {
 		{"unix_regular_user", "alice", "linux", false},
 		{"unix_root_capital", "Root", "linux", false}, // Case-sensitive
 
-		// Windows dispatch to the (mocked) account classifier
+		// Windows tests
 		{"windows_administrator", "Administrator", "windows", true},
+		{"windows_system", "SYSTEM", "windows", true},
+		{"windows_admin", "admin", "windows", true},
+		{"windows_admin_lowercase", "administrator", "windows", true}, // Case-insensitive
+		{"windows_domain_admin", "DOMAIN\\Administrator", "windows", true},
+		{"windows_email_admin", "admin@domain.com", "windows", true},
 		{"windows_regular_user", "alice", "windows", false},
+		{"windows_domain_user", "DOMAIN\\alice", "windows", false},
+		{"windows_localsystem", "localsystem", "windows", true},
+		{"windows_networkservice", "networkservice", "windows", true},
+		{"windows_localservice", "localservice", "windows", true},
+
+		// Computer accounts (these depend on current user context in real implementation)
+		{"windows_computer_account", "WIN2K19-C2$", "windows", false},      // Computer account by itself not privileged
+		{"windows_domain_computer", "DOMAIN\\COMPUTER$", "windows", false}, // Domain computer account
+
+		// Cross-platform
+		{"root_on_windows", "root", "windows", true}, // Root should be privileged everywhere
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -461,7 +460,49 @@ func TestPrivilegedUsernameDetection(t *testing.T) {
 			defer cleanup()
 
 			result := isPrivilegedUsername(tt.username)
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.privileged, result, "privilege classification for %s on %s", tt.username, tt.platform)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.privileged, result)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWindowsPrivilegedSIDDetection(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		sid         string
+		privileged  bool
+		description string
+	}{
+		// Well-known system accounts
+		{"system_account", "S-1-5-18", true, "Local System (SYSTEM)"},
+		{"local_service", "S-1-5-19", true, "Local Service"},
+		{"network_service", "S-1-5-20", true, "Network Service"},
+		{"administrators_group", "S-1-5-32-544", true, "Administrators group"},
+		{"builtin_administrator", "S-1-5-500", true, "Built-in Administrator"},
+
+		// Domain accounts
+		{"domain_administrator", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-500", true, "Domain Administrator (RID 500)"},
+		{"domain_admins_group", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-512", true, "Domain Admins group"},
+		{"domain_controllers_group", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-516", true, "Domain Controllers group"},
+		{"enterprise_admins_group", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-519", true, "Enterprise Admins group"},
+
+		// Regular users
+		{"regular_user", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-1001", false, "Regular domain user"},
+		{"another_regular_user", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-1234", false, "Another regular user"},
+		{"local_user", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-1000", false, "Local regular user"},
+
+		// Groups that are not privileged
+		{"domain_users", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-513", false, "Domain Users group"},
+		{"power_users", "S-1-5-32-547", false, "Power Users group"},
+
+		// Invalid SIDs
+		{"malformed_sid", "S-1-5-invalid", false, "Malformed SID"},
+		{"empty_sid", "", false, "Empty SID"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := isWindowsPrivilegedSID(tt.sid)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.privileged, result, "Failed for %s: %s", tt.description, tt.sid)
 		})
 	}
 }

client/ssh/server/userswitching_windows.go

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ func validateUsernameFormat(username string) error {
 func (s *Server) createExecutorCommand(logger *log.Entry, session ssh.Session, localUser *user.User, hasPty bool) (*exec.Cmd, func(), error) {
 	logger.Debugf("creating Windows executor command for user %s (Pty: %v)", localUser.Username, hasPty)
 
-	username, _ := parseUsername(localUser.Username)
+	username, _ := s.parseUsername(localUser.Username)
 	if err := validateUsername(username); err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid username %q: %w", username, err)
 	}
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func (s *Server) createExecutorCommand(logger *log.Entry, session ssh.Session, l
 // createUserSwitchCommand creates a command with Windows user switching.
 // Returns the command and a cleanup function that must be called after starting the process.
 func (s *Server) createUserSwitchCommand(logger *log.Entry, session ssh.Session, localUser *user.User) (*exec.Cmd, func(), error) {
-	username, domain := parseUsername(localUser.Username)
+	username, domain := s.parseUsername(localUser.Username)
 
 	shell := getUserShell(localUser.Uid)
 
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func (s *Server) createUserSwitchCommand(logger *log.Entry, session ssh.Session,
 }
 
 // parseUsername extracts username and domain from a Windows username
-func parseUsername(fullUsername string) (username, domain string) {
+func (s *Server) parseUsername(fullUsername string) (username, domain string) {
 	// Handle DOMAIN\username format
 	if idx := strings.LastIndex(fullUsername, `\`); idx != -1 {
 		domain = fullUsername[:idx]

client/ui/services/windowtheme_windows.go

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-package services
-
-import "github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/w32"
-
-// Wails assigns w32.AllowDarkModeForWindow only on builds >= 18334 but calls it
-// without a nil check when a window requests the Dark theme, crashing older
-// builds such as Windows Server 2019 (17763). Those builds still get a dark
-// title bar via the pre-20H1 DWM attribute that w32.SetTheme applies, so a
-// no-op stub keeps the Dark theme fully working there.
-func init() {
-	if w32.AllowDarkModeForWindow == nil {
-		w32.AllowDarkModeForWindow = func(w32.HWND, bool) uintptr { return 0 }
-	}
-}

infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-dex.sh

@@ -1,19 +1,557 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#!/bin/bash
 
-cat >&2 <<'EOF'
-ERROR: This legacy installation script has been retired and no longer runs.
+set -e
 
-Dex support is not deprecated. For new deployments, use getting-started.sh:
+# NetBird Getting Started with Dex IDP
+# This script sets up NetBird with Dex as the identity provider
 
-https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-quickstart
+# Sed pattern to strip base64 padding characters
+SED_STRIP_PADDING='s/=//g'
 
-The current installer includes NetBird's embedded Dex-based identity provider.
-Local users and external identity providers can be managed through the
-NetBird Dashboard:
+check_docker_compose() {
+  if command -v docker-compose &> /dev/null
+  then
+      echo "docker-compose"
+      return
+  fi
+  if docker compose --help &> /dev/null
+  then
+      echo "docker compose"
+      return
+  fi
 
-https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/identity-providers/local
+  echo "docker-compose is not installed or not in PATH. Please follow the steps from the official guide: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/" > /dev/stderr
+  exit 1
+}
 
-This compatibility notice will be removed in NetBird v0.80.
+check_jq() {
+  if ! command -v jq &> /dev/null
+  then
+    echo "jq is not installed or not in PATH, please install with your package manager. e.g. sudo apt install jq" > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  return 0
+}
+
+get_main_ip_address() {
+  if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
+    interface=$(route -n get default | grep 'interface:' | awk '{print $2}')
+    ip_address=$(ifconfig "$interface" | grep 'inet ' | awk '{print $2}')
+  else
+    interface=$(ip route | grep default | awk '{print $5}' | head -n 1)
+    ip_address=$(ip addr show "$interface" | grep 'inet ' | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d'/' -f1)
+  fi
+
+  echo "$ip_address"
+  return 0
+}
+
+check_nb_domain() {
+  DOMAIN=$1
+  if [[ "$DOMAIN-x" == "-x" ]]; then
+    echo "The NETBIRD_DOMAIN variable cannot be empty." > /dev/stderr
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  if [[ "$DOMAIN" == "netbird.example.com" ]]; then
+    echo "The NETBIRD_DOMAIN cannot be netbird.example.com" > /dev/stderr
+    return 1
+  fi
+  return 0
+}
+
+read_nb_domain() {
+  READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN=""
+  echo -n "Enter the domain you want to use for NetBird (e.g. netbird.my-domain.com): " > /dev/stderr
+  read -r READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN < /dev/tty
+  if ! check_nb_domain "$READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN"; then
+    read_nb_domain
+  fi
+  echo "$READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN"
+  return 0
+}
+
+get_turn_external_ip() {
+  TURN_EXTERNAL_IP_CONFIG="#external-ip="
+  IP=$(curl -s -4 https://jsonip.com | jq -r '.ip')
+  if [[ "x-$IP" != "x-" ]]; then
+    TURN_EXTERNAL_IP_CONFIG="external-ip=$IP"
+  fi
+  echo "$TURN_EXTERNAL_IP_CONFIG"
+  return 0
+}
+
+wait_dex() {
+  set +e
+  echo -n "Waiting for Dex to become ready (via $NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN)"
+  counter=1
+  while true; do
+    # Check Dex through Caddy proxy (also validates TLS is working)
+    if curl -sk -f -o /dev/null "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex/.well-known/openid-configuration" 2>/dev/null; then
+      break
+    fi
+    if [[ $counter -eq 60 ]]; then
+      echo ""
+      echo "Taking too long. Checking logs..."
+      $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND logs --tail=20 caddy
+      $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND logs --tail=20 dex
+    fi
+    echo -n " ."
+    sleep 2
+    counter=$((counter + 1))
+  done
+  echo " done"
+  set -e
+  return 0
+}
+
+init_environment() {
+  CADDY_SECURE_DOMAIN=""
+  NETBIRD_PORT=80
+  NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL="http"
+  NETBIRD_RELAY_PROTO="rel"
+  TURN_USER="self"
+  TURN_PASSWORD=$(openssl rand -base64 32 | sed "$SED_STRIP_PADDING")
+  NETBIRD_RELAY_AUTH_SECRET=$(openssl rand -base64 32 | sed "$SED_STRIP_PADDING")
+  TURN_MIN_PORT=49152
+  TURN_MAX_PORT=65535
+  TURN_EXTERNAL_IP_CONFIG=$(get_turn_external_ip)
+
+  # Generate secrets for Dex
+  DEX_DASHBOARD_CLIENT_SECRET=$(openssl rand -base64 32 | sed "$SED_STRIP_PADDING")
+
+  # Generate admin password
+  NETBIRD_ADMIN_PASSWORD=$(openssl rand -base64 16 | sed "$SED_STRIP_PADDING")
+
+  if ! check_nb_domain "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN"; then
+    NETBIRD_DOMAIN=$(read_nb_domain)
+  fi
+
+  if [[ "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN" == "use-ip" ]]; then
+    NETBIRD_DOMAIN=$(get_main_ip_address)
+  else
+    NETBIRD_PORT=443
+    CADDY_SECURE_DOMAIN=", $NETBIRD_DOMAIN:$NETBIRD_PORT"
+    NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL="https"
+    NETBIRD_RELAY_PROTO="rels"
+  fi
+
+  check_jq
+
+  DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND=$(check_docker_compose)
+
+  if [[ -f dex.yaml ]]; then
+    echo "Generated files already exist, if you want to reinitialize the environment, please remove them first."
+    echo "You can use the following commands:"
+    echo "  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND down --volumes # to remove all containers and volumes"
+    echo "  rm -f docker-compose.yml Caddyfile dex.yaml dashboard.env turnserver.conf management.json relay.env"
+    echo "Be aware that this will remove all data from the database, and you will have to reconfigure the dashboard."
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  echo Rendering initial files...
+  render_docker_compose > docker-compose.yml
+  render_caddyfile > Caddyfile
+  render_dex_config > dex.yaml
+  render_dashboard_env > dashboard.env
+  render_management_json > management.json
+  render_turn_server_conf > turnserver.conf
+  render_relay_env > relay.env
+
+  echo -e "\nStarting Dex IDP\n"
+  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND up -d caddy dex
+
+  # Wait for Dex to be ready (through caddy proxy)
+  sleep 3
+  wait_dex
+
+  echo -e "\nStarting NetBird services\n"
+  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND up -d
+
+  echo -e "\nDone!\n"
+  echo "You can access the NetBird dashboard at $NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN"
+  echo ""
+  echo "Login with the following credentials:"
+  install -m 600 /dev/null .env
+  printf 'Email: admin@%s\nPassword: %s\n' \
+      "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN" "$NETBIRD_ADMIN_PASSWORD" >> .env
+  echo "Email: admin@$NETBIRD_DOMAIN"
+  echo "Password: $NETBIRD_ADMIN_PASSWORD"
+  echo ""
+  echo "Dex admin UI is not available (Dex has no built-in UI)."
+  echo "To add more users, edit dex.yaml and restart: $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND restart dex"
+  return 0
+}
+
+render_caddyfile() {
+  cat <<EOF
+{
+  debug
+  servers :80,:443 {
+    protocols h1 h2c h2 h3
+  }
+}
+
+(security_headers) {
+    header * {
+        Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=3600; includeSubDomains; preload"
+        X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"
+        X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN"
+        X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"
+        -Server
+        Referrer-Policy strict-origin-when-cross-origin
+    }
+}
+
+:80${CADDY_SECURE_DOMAIN} {
+    import security_headers
+    # Relay
+    reverse_proxy /relay* relay:80
+    # Signal
+    reverse_proxy /signalexchange.SignalExchange/* h2c://signal:10000
+    # Management
+    reverse_proxy /api/* management:80
+    reverse_proxy /management.ManagementService/* h2c://management:80
+    # Dex
+    reverse_proxy /dex/* dex:5556
+    # Dashboard
+    reverse_proxy /* dashboard:80
+}
 EOF
+  return 0
+}
 
-exit 1
+render_dex_config() {
+  # Generate bcrypt hash of the admin password
+  # Using a simple approach - htpasswd or python if available
+  ADMIN_PASSWORD_HASH=""
+  if command -v htpasswd &> /dev/null; then
+    ADMIN_PASSWORD_HASH=$(htpasswd -bnBC 10 "" "$NETBIRD_ADMIN_PASSWORD" | tr -d ':\n')
+  elif command -v python3 &> /dev/null; then
+    ADMIN_PASSWORD_HASH=$(python3 -c "import bcrypt; print(bcrypt.hashpw('$NETBIRD_ADMIN_PASSWORD'.encode(), bcrypt.gensalt(rounds=10)).decode())" 2>/dev/null || echo "")
+  fi
+
+  # Fallback to a known hash if we can't generate one
+  if [[ -z "$ADMIN_PASSWORD_HASH" ]]; then
+    # This is hash of "password" - user should change it
+    ADMIN_PASSWORD_HASH='$2a$10$2b2cU8CPhOTaGrs1HRQuAueS7JTT5ZHsHSzYiFPm1leZck7Mc8T4W'
+    NETBIRD_ADMIN_PASSWORD="password"
+    echo "Warning: Could not generate password hash. Using default password: password. Please change it in dex.yaml" > /dev/stderr
+  fi
+
+  cat <<EOF
+# Dex configuration for NetBird
+# Generated by getting-started-with-dex.sh
+
+issuer: $NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex
+
+storage:
+  type: sqlite3
+  config:
+    file: /var/dex/dex.db
+
+web:
+  http: 0.0.0.0:5556
+
+# gRPC API for user management (used by NetBird IDP manager)
+grpc:
+  addr: 0.0.0.0:5557
+
+oauth2:
+  skipApprovalScreen: true
+
+# Static OAuth2 clients for NetBird
+staticClients:
+  # Dashboard client
+  - id: netbird-dashboard
+    name: NetBird Dashboard
+    secret: $DEX_DASHBOARD_CLIENT_SECRET
+    redirectURIs:
+      - $NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/nb-auth
+      - $NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/nb-silent-auth
+
+  # CLI client (public - uses PKCE)
+  - id: netbird-cli
+    name: NetBird CLI
+    public: true
+    redirectURIs:
+      - http://localhost:53000/
+      - http://localhost:54000/
+
+# Enable password database for static users
+enablePasswordDB: true
+
+# Static users - add more users here as needed
+staticPasswords:
+  - email: "admin@$NETBIRD_DOMAIN"
+    hash: "$ADMIN_PASSWORD_HASH"
+    username: "admin"
+    userID: "$(uuidgen 2>/dev/null || cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid 2>/dev/null || echo "admin-user-id-001")"
+
+# Optional: Add external identity provider connectors
+# connectors:
+#   - type: github
+#     id: github
+#     name: GitHub
+#     config:
+#       clientID: \$GITHUB_CLIENT_ID
+#       clientSecret: \$GITHUB_CLIENT_SECRET
+#       redirectURI: $NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex/callback
+#
+#   - type: ldap
+#     id: ldap
+#     name: LDAP
+#     config:
+#       host: ldap.example.com:636
+#       insecureNoSSL: false
+#       bindDN: cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com
+#       bindPW: admin
+#       userSearch:
+#         baseDN: ou=users,dc=example,dc=com
+#         filter: "(objectClass=person)"
+#         username: uid
+#         idAttr: uid
+#         emailAttr: mail
+#         nameAttr: cn
+EOF
+  return 0
+}
+
+render_turn_server_conf() {
+  cat <<EOF
+listening-port=3478
+$TURN_EXTERNAL_IP_CONFIG
+tls-listening-port=5349
+min-port=$TURN_MIN_PORT
+max-port=$TURN_MAX_PORT
+fingerprint
+lt-cred-mech
+user=$TURN_USER:$TURN_PASSWORD
+realm=wiretrustee.com
+cert=/etc/coturn/certs/cert.pem
+pkey=/etc/coturn/private/privkey.pem
+log-file=stdout
+no-software-attribute
+pidfile="/var/tmp/turnserver.pid"
+no-cli
+EOF
+  return 0
+}
+
+render_management_json() {
+  cat <<EOF
+{
+    "Stuns": [
+        {
+            "Proto": "udp",
+            "URI": "stun:$NETBIRD_DOMAIN:3478"
+        }
+    ],
+    "Relay": {
+        "Addresses": ["$NETBIRD_RELAY_PROTO://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN:$NETBIRD_PORT"],
+        "CredentialsTTL": "24h",
+        "Secret": "$NETBIRD_RELAY_AUTH_SECRET"
+    },
+    "Signal": {
+        "Proto": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL",
+        "URI": "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN:$NETBIRD_PORT"
+    },
+    "HttpConfig": {
+        "AuthIssuer": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex",
+        "AuthAudience": "netbird-dashboard",
+        "OIDCConfigEndpoint": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex/.well-known/openid-configuration"
+    },
+    "IdpManagerConfig": {
+        "ManagerType": "dex",
+        "ClientConfig": {
+            "Issuer": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex"
+        },
+        "ExtraConfig": {
+            "GRPCAddr": "dex:5557"
+        }
+    },
+    "DeviceAuthorizationFlow": {
+        "Provider": "hosted",
+        "ProviderConfig": {
+            "Audience": "netbird-cli",
+            "ClientID": "netbird-cli",
+            "Scope": "openid profile email offline_access",
+            "DeviceAuthEndpoint": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex/device/code",
+            "TokenEndpoint": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex/token"
+        }
+    },
+    "PKCEAuthorizationFlow": {
+        "ProviderConfig": {
+            "Audience": "netbird-cli",
+            "ClientID": "netbird-cli",
+            "Scope": "openid profile email offline_access",
+            "RedirectURLs": ["http://localhost:53000/", "http://localhost:54000/"]
+        }
+    }
+}
+EOF
+  return 0
+}
+
+render_dashboard_env() {
+  cat <<EOF
+# Endpoints
+NETBIRD_MGMT_API_ENDPOINT=$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN
+NETBIRD_MGMT_GRPC_API_ENDPOINT=$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN
+# OIDC
+AUTH_AUDIENCE=netbird-dashboard
+AUTH_CLIENT_ID=netbird-dashboard
+AUTH_CLIENT_SECRET=$DEX_DASHBOARD_CLIENT_SECRET
+AUTH_AUTHORITY=$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex
+USE_AUTH0=false
+AUTH_SUPPORTED_SCOPES=openid profile email offline_access
+AUTH_REDIRECT_URI=/nb-auth
+AUTH_SILENT_REDIRECT_URI=/nb-silent-auth
+# SSL
+NGINX_SSL_PORT=443
+# Letsencrypt
+LETSENCRYPT_DOMAIN=none
+EOF
+  return 0
+}
+
+render_relay_env() {
+  cat <<EOF
+NB_LOG_LEVEL=info
+NB_LISTEN_ADDRESS=:80
+NB_EXPOSED_ADDRESS=$NETBIRD_RELAY_PROTO://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN:$NETBIRD_PORT
+NB_AUTH_SECRET=$NETBIRD_RELAY_AUTH_SECRET
+EOF
+  return 0
+}
+
+render_docker_compose() {
+  cat <<EOF
+services:
+  # Caddy reverse proxy
+  caddy:
+    image: caddy
+    container_name: netbird-caddy
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    networks: [netbird]
+    ports:
+      - '443:443'
+      - '443:443/udp'
+      - '80:80'
+    volumes:
+      - netbird_caddy_data:/data
+      - ./Caddyfile:/etc/caddy/Caddyfile
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "500m"
+        max-file: "2"
+
+  # Dex - identity provider
+  dex:
+    image: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.38.0
+    container_name: netbird-dex
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    networks: [netbird]
+    volumes:
+      - ./dex.yaml:/etc/dex/config.docker.yaml:ro
+      - netbird_dex_data:/var/dex
+    command: ["dex", "serve", "/etc/dex/config.docker.yaml"]
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "500m"
+        max-file: "2"
+
+  # UI dashboard
+  dashboard:
+    image: netbirdio/dashboard:latest
+    container_name: netbird-dashboard
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    networks: [netbird]
+    env_file:
+      - ./dashboard.env
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "500m"
+        max-file: "2"
+
+  # Signal
+  signal:
+    image: netbirdio/signal:latest
+    container_name: netbird-signal
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    networks: [netbird]
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "500m"
+        max-file: "2"
+
+  # Relay
+  relay:
+    image: netbirdio/relay:latest
+    container_name: netbird-relay
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    networks: [netbird]
+    env_file:
+      - ./relay.env
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "500m"
+        max-file: "2"
+
+  # Management
+  management:
+    image: netbirdio/management:latest
+    container_name: netbird-management
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    networks: [netbird]
+    volumes:
+      - netbird_management:/var/lib/netbird
+      - ./management.json:/etc/netbird/management.json
+    command: [
+      "--port", "80",
+      "--log-file", "console",
+      "--log-level", "info",
+      "--disable-anonymous-metrics=false",
+      "--single-account-mode-domain=netbird.selfhosted",
+      "--dns-domain=netbird.selfhosted",
+      "--idp-sign-key-refresh-enabled",
+    ]
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "500m"
+        max-file: "2"
+
+  # Coturn, AKA TURN server
+  coturn:
+    image: coturn/coturn
+    container_name: netbird-coturn
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    volumes:
+      - ./turnserver.conf:/etc/turnserver.conf:ro
+    network_mode: host
+    command:
+      - -c /etc/turnserver.conf
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "500m"
+        max-file: "2"
+
+volumes:
+  netbird_caddy_data:
+  netbird_dex_data:
+  netbird_management:
+
+networks:
+  netbird:
+EOF
+  return 0
+}
+
+init_environment

management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/labelgen/labelgen.go

@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@ package labelgen
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"math/rand"
 	"sort"
 	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/util"
 )
 
 // pickAttempts caps the random retries before falling back to the
@@ -40,16 +41,15 @@ func uniqueWords() []string {
 // PickUnique selects a label not already in `taken`. It tries up to
 // pickAttempts random picks; on exhaustion it scans the deduplicated
 // wordlist for any remaining free entry, and if none is left appends
-// `-<fallbackSuffix>` to a deterministic word and returns. The caller
-// is responsible for seeding rng (math/rand).
-func PickUnique(rng *rand.Rand, taken map[string]struct{}, fallbackSuffix string) string {
+// `-<fallbackSuffix>` to a random word and returns.
+func PickUnique(taken map[string]struct{}, fallbackSuffix string) string {
 	pool := uniqueWords()
 	if len(pool) == 0 {
 		return fallbackSuffix
 	}
 
 	for i := 0; i < pickAttempts; i++ {
-		w := pool[rng.Intn(len(pool))]
+		w := pool[util.RandIntn(len(pool))]
 		if _, ok := taken[w]; !ok {
 			return w
 		}
@@ -61,6 +61,6 @@ func PickUnique(rng *rand.Rand, taken map[string]struct{}, fallbackSuffix string
 		}
 	}
 
-	w := pool[rng.Intn(len(pool))]
+	w := pool[util.RandIntn(len(pool))]
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", w, fallbackSuffix)
 }

management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/labelgen/labelgen_test.go

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package labelgen
 
 import (
-	"math/rand"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -9,19 +9,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-// TestPickUnique_DeterministicWithSeededRng locks the property the
-// caller relies on: same seed + same taken set → same pick. Without
-// that, the bootstrap flow can't reproduce a label across retries.
-func TestPickUnique_DeterministicWithSeededRng(t *testing.T) {
-	taken := map[string]struct{}{}
+// TestPickUnique_ReturnsWordFromPool confirms a pick against an empty
+// taken set is always drawn verbatim from the wordlist.
+func TestPickUnique_ReturnsWordFromPool(t *testing.T) {
+	got := PickUnique(map[string]struct{}{}, "abcd")
 
-	rngA := rand.New(rand.NewSource(42))
-	rngB := rand.New(rand.NewSource(42))
-
-	a := PickUnique(rngA, taken, "abcd")
-	b := PickUnique(rngB, taken, "abcd")
-
-	assert.Equal(t, a, b, "Same seed and taken set must produce identical pick")
+	assert.True(t, slices.Contains(uniqueWords(), got), "Pick %q must be drawn from the wordlist", got)
 }
 
 // TestPickUnique_AvoidsTakenWordsWhenMostAreReserved seeds taken with
@@ -46,8 +39,7 @@ func TestPickUnique_AvoidsTakenWordsWhenMostAreReserved(t *testing.T) {
 		taken[w] = struct{}{}
 	}
 
-	rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(7))
-	got := PickUnique(rng, taken, "abcd")
+	got := PickUnique(taken, "abcd")
 
 	_, isFree := free[got]
 	assert.True(t, isFree, "PickUnique must return one of the free words; got %q", got)
@@ -65,8 +57,7 @@ func TestPickUnique_FallsBackWhenAllReserved(t *testing.T) {
 		taken[w] = struct{}{}
 	}
 
-	rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(99))
-	got := PickUnique(rng, taken, "abcd")
+	got := PickUnique(taken, "abcd")
 
 	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(got, "-abcd"), "Exhausted pool must produce <word>-<suffix>; got %q", got)
 

management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/manager.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"math/rand"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -128,11 +127,6 @@ type managerImpl struct {
 	// accountID, then by synthesised service ID.
 	reconcileMu    sync.Mutex
 	reconcileCache map[string]map[string]*proto.ProxyMapping
-
-	// labelRngMu guards labelRng. PickUnique consumes math/rand.Source
-	// state; concurrent provider creates would otherwise race.
-	labelRngMu sync.Mutex
-	labelRng   *rand.Rand
 }
 
 // NewManager constructs the persistent Agent Network manager. The
@@ -152,7 +146,6 @@ func NewManager(
 		permissionsManager: permissionsManager,
 		proxyController:    proxyController,
 		reconcileCache:     make(map[string]map[string]*proto.ProxyMapping),
-		labelRng:           rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano())),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -658,9 +651,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) bootstrapSettingsIfNeeded(ctx context.Context, accountID,
 		suffix = suffix[:4]
 	}
 
-	m.labelRngMu.Lock()
-	subdomain := labelgen.PickUnique(m.labelRng, taken, suffix)
-	m.labelRngMu.Unlock()
+	subdomain := labelgen.PickUnique(taken, suffix)
 
 	now := time.Now().UTC()
 	settings := &types.Settings{

management/server/account.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"math/rand"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ const (
 type userLoggedInOnce bool
 
 func cacheEntryExpiration() time.Duration {
-	r := rand.Intn(int(nbcache.DefaultIDPCacheExpirationMax.Milliseconds()-nbcache.DefaultIDPCacheExpirationMin.Milliseconds())) + int(nbcache.DefaultIDPCacheExpirationMin.Milliseconds())
+	r := util.RandIntn(int(nbcache.DefaultIDPCacheExpirationMax.Milliseconds()-nbcache.DefaultIDPCacheExpirationMin.Milliseconds())) + int(nbcache.DefaultIDPCacheExpirationMin.Milliseconds())
 	return time.Duration(r) * time.Millisecond
 }
 
@@ -2459,8 +2458,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) ensureIPv6Subnet(ctx context.Context, transacti
 		return transaction.UpdateAccountNetworkV6(ctx, accountID, network.NetV6)
 	}
 	if network.NetV6.IP == nil {
-		r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
-		network.NetV6 = types.AllocateIPv6Subnet(r)
+		network.NetV6 = types.AllocateIPv6Subnet()
 
 		// Sync settings to match the allocated subnet so SaveAccountSettings persists it.
 		ones, _ := network.NetV6.Mask.Size()

management/server/group_ipv6_test.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package server
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"math/rand"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ func TestGroupIPv6Assignment(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Allocate IPv6 subnet for the account
-	account.Network.NetV6 = types.AllocateIPv6Subnet(rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano())))
+	account.Network.NetV6 = types.AllocateIPv6Subnet()
 	require.NoError(t, am.Store.SaveAccount(ctx, account))
 
 	// Create setup key

management/server/idp/util.go

@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ package idp
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
-	"math/rand"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/util"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -33,31 +34,32 @@ func GeneratePassword(passwordLength, minSpecialChar, minNum, minUpperCase int)
 
 	//Set special character
 	for i := 0; i < minSpecialChar; i++ {
-		random := rand.Intn(len(specialCharSet))
+		random := util.RandIntn(len(specialCharSet))
 		password.WriteString(string(specialCharSet[random]))
 	}
 
 	//Set numeric
 	for i := 0; i < minNum; i++ {
-		random := rand.Intn(len(numberSet))
+		random := util.RandIntn(len(numberSet))
 		password.WriteString(string(numberSet[random]))
 	}
 
 	//Set uppercase
 	for i := 0; i < minUpperCase; i++ {
-		random := rand.Intn(len(upperCharSet))
+		random := util.RandIntn(len(upperCharSet))
 		password.WriteString(string(upperCharSet[random]))
 	}
 
 	remainingLength := passwordLength - minSpecialChar - minNum - minUpperCase
 	for i := 0; i < remainingLength; i++ {
-		random := rand.Intn(len(allCharSet))
+		random := util.RandIntn(len(allCharSet))
 		password.WriteString(string(allCharSet[random]))
 	}
 	inRune := []rune(password.String())
-	rand.Shuffle(len(inRune), func(i, j int) {
+	for i := len(inRune) - 1; i > 0; i-- {
+		j := util.RandIntn(i + 1)
 		inRune[i], inRune[j] = inRune[j], inRune[i]
-	})
+	}
 	return string(inRune)
 }
 

management/server/types/aliases.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package types
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"math/rand"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 
@@ -86,8 +85,8 @@ func GenerateRouteFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, route *nbroute.Route, rule
 	return sharedtypes.GenerateRouteFirewallRules(ctx, route, rule, groupPeers, direction, includeIPv6)
 }
 
-func AllocateIPv6Subnet(r *rand.Rand) net.IPNet {
-	return sharedtypes.AllocateIPv6Subnet(r)
+func AllocateIPv6Subnet() net.IPNet {
+	return sharedtypes.AllocateIPv6Subnet()
 }
 
 func NewNetwork() *Network {

management/server/util/util.go

@@ -1,5 +1,20 @@
 package util
 
+import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"math/big"
+)
+
+// RandIntn returns a uniformly distributed int in [0, n) sourced from
+// crypto/rand. It panics if n <= 0 or the platform randomness source fails.
+func RandIntn(n int) int {
+	v, err := rand.Int(rand.Reader, big.NewInt(int64(n)))
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return int(v.Int64())
+}
+
 // Difference returns the elements in `a` that aren't in `b`.
 func Difference(a, b []string) []string {
 	mb := make(map[string]struct{}, len(b))

shared/management/types/network.go

@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 package types
 
 import (
+	"crypto/rand"
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"fmt"
-	"math/rand"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"slices"
 	"sync"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/c-robinson/iplib"
 	"github.com/rs/xid"
 	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/util"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
@@ -171,14 +171,12 @@ func NewNetwork() *Network {
 	n := iplib.NewNet4(net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"), NetSize)
 	sub, _ := n.Subnet(SubnetSize)
 
-	s := rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano())
-	r := rand.New(s)
-	intn := r.Intn(len(sub))
+	intn := util.RandIntn(len(sub))
 
 	return &Network{
 		Identifier: xid.New().String(),
 		Net:        sub[intn].IPNet,
-		NetV6:      AllocateIPv6Subnet(r),
+		NetV6:      AllocateIPv6Subnet(),
 		Dns:        "",
 		Serial:     0,
 	}
@@ -188,18 +186,13 @@ func NewNetwork() *Network {
 // The format follows RFC 4193 section 3.1: fd + 40-bit Global ID + 16-bit Subnet ID.
 // The Global ID and Subnet ID are randomized (simplified from the SHA-1 algorithm
 // in section 3.2.2), giving 2^56 possible /64 subnets across all accounts.
-func AllocateIPv6Subnet(r *rand.Rand) net.IPNet {
+func AllocateIPv6Subnet() net.IPNet {
 	ip := make(net.IP, 16)
 	ip[0] = 0xfd
-	// Bytes 1-5: 40-bit random Global ID
-	ip[1] = byte(r.Intn(256))
-	ip[2] = byte(r.Intn(256))
-	ip[3] = byte(r.Intn(256))
-	ip[4] = byte(r.Intn(256))
-	ip[5] = byte(r.Intn(256))
-	// Bytes 6-7: 16-bit random Subnet ID
-	ip[6] = byte(r.Intn(256))
-	ip[7] = byte(r.Intn(256))
+	// Bytes 1-5: 40-bit random Global ID, bytes 6-7: 16-bit random Subnet ID
+	if _, err := rand.Read(ip[1:8]); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
 
 	return net.IPNet{
 		IP:   ip,
@@ -233,10 +226,22 @@ func (n *Network) Copy() *Network {
 	}
 }
 
+// validateIPv4Prefix ensures the prefix is an IPv4 network with assignable host addresses.
+func validateIPv4Prefix(prefix netip.Prefix) error {
+	if !prefix.IsValid() || !prefix.Addr().Is4() || prefix.Bits() < 1 || prefix.Bits() >= 31 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid IPv4 subnet: %s", prefix.String())
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // AllocatePeerIP picks an available IP from a netip.Prefix.
 // This method considers already taken IPs and reuses IPs if there are gaps in takenIps.
 // E.g. if prefix=100.30.0.0/16 and takenIps=[100.30.0.1, 100.30.0.4] then the result would be 100.30.0.2 or 100.30.0.3.
 func AllocatePeerIP(prefix netip.Prefix, takenIps []netip.Addr) (netip.Addr, error) {
+	if err := validateIPv4Prefix(prefix); err != nil {
+		return netip.Addr{}, err
+	}
+
 	b := prefix.Masked().Addr().As4()
 	baseIP := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:])
 	hostBits := 32 - prefix.Bits()
@@ -247,15 +252,17 @@ func AllocatePeerIP(prefix netip.Prefix, takenIps []netip.Addr) (netip.Addr, err
 	taken[baseIP+totalIPs-1] = struct{}{} // reserve broadcast IP
 
 	for _, ip := range takenIps {
+		if !ip.Is4() {
+			continue
+		}
 		ab := ip.As4()
 		taken[binary.BigEndian.Uint32(ab[:])] = struct{}{}
 	}
 
-	rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
 	maxAttempts := (int(totalIPs) - len(taken)) / 100
 
 	for i := 0; i < maxAttempts; i++ {
-		offset := uint32(rng.Intn(int(totalIPs-2))) + 1
+		offset := uint32(util.RandIntn(int(totalIPs-2))) + 1
 		candidate := baseIP + offset
 		if _, exists := taken[candidate]; !exists {
 			return uint32ToIP(candidate), nil
@@ -274,13 +281,16 @@ func AllocatePeerIP(prefix netip.Prefix, takenIps []netip.Addr) (netip.Addr, err
 
 // AllocateRandomPeerIP picks a random available IP from a netip.Prefix.
 func AllocateRandomPeerIP(prefix netip.Prefix) (netip.Addr, error) {
+	if err := validateIPv4Prefix(prefix); err != nil {
+		return netip.Addr{}, err
+	}
+
 	b := prefix.Masked().Addr().As4()
 	baseIP := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:])
 	hostBits := 32 - prefix.Bits()
 	totalIPs := uint32(1 << hostBits)
 
-	rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
-	offset := uint32(rng.Intn(int(totalIPs-2))) + 1
+	offset := uint32(util.RandIntn(int(totalIPs-2))) + 1
 
 	candidate := baseIP + offset
 	return uint32ToIP(candidate), nil
@@ -296,23 +306,26 @@ func AllocateRandomPeerIPv6(prefix netip.Prefix) (netip.Addr, error) {
 
 	ip := prefix.Addr().As16()
 
-	rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
-
 	// Determine which byte the host bits start in
 	firstHostByte := ones / 8
 	// If the prefix doesn't end on a byte boundary, handle the partial byte
 	partialBits := ones % 8
 
+	var rnd [16]byte
+	if _, err := rand.Read(rnd[firstHostByte:]); err != nil {
+		return netip.Addr{}, err
+	}
+
 	if partialBits > 0 {
 		// Keep the network bits in the partial byte, randomize the rest
 		hostMask := byte(0xff >> partialBits)
-		ip[firstHostByte] = (ip[firstHostByte] & ^hostMask) | (byte(rng.Intn(256)) & hostMask)
+		ip[firstHostByte] = (ip[firstHostByte] & ^hostMask) | (rnd[firstHostByte] & hostMask)
 		firstHostByte++
 	}
 
 	// Randomize remaining full host bytes
 	for i := firstHostByte; i < 16; i++ {
-		ip[i] = byte(rng.Intn(256))
+		ip[i] = rnd[i]
 	}
 
 	// Avoid all-zeros and all-ones host parts by checking only host bits.

shared/management/types/network_test.go

@@ -143,6 +143,34 @@ func TestAllocatePeerIPVariousCIDRs(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestAllocateIPv4InvalidPrefixes(t *testing.T) {
+	prefixes := []netip.Prefix{
+		{},
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/31"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.1/32"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("fd12:3456:7890:abcd::/64"),
+	}
+
+	for _, prefix := range prefixes {
+		t.Run(prefix.String(), func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, err := AllocatePeerIP(prefix, nil)
+			assert.Error(t, err)
+
+			_, err = AllocateRandomPeerIP(prefix)
+			assert.Error(t, err)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAllocatePeerIPIgnoresNonIPv4TakenIPs(t *testing.T) {
+	prefix := netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/29")
+
+	ip, err := AllocatePeerIP(prefix, []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("fd12:3456:7890:abcd::1")})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, prefix.Contains(ip))
+}
+
 func TestGenerateIPs(t *testing.T) {
 	ipNet := net.IPNet{IP: net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"), Mask: net.IPMask{255, 255, 255, 0}}
 	ips, ipsLen := generateIPs(&ipNet, map[string]struct{}{"100.64.0.0": {}})