[client] fix privileged test CI failures and run the harness on macOS

The host-safe unit run dropped sudo but two privileged test groups were
never tagged, and the Docker privileged job silently never ran the suite:

- Gate the ssh/server PrivilegeDropper command-construction tests behind
  the privileged tag (they require root to target a different UID); split
  them into executor_unix_privileged_test.go.
- Tag sharedsock raw-socket tests privileged (need CAP_NET_RAW).
- Fix the Docker job command: nested single quotes around the build tags
  closed the sh -c wrapper early, dropping the go list package set and the
  privileged tag, so go test ran on the empty repo root. Use double quotes.

Make the self-hosting harness usable from a dev Mac:

- Build it on darwin as well as linux; it only drives Docker.
- Resolve the active docker context endpoint into DOCKER_HOST when the
  default /var/run/docker.sock is absent (Docker Desktop, Colima, OrbStack).
- Rename the misspelled containerGoModache constant to containerGoModCache.

.github/workflows/golang-test-linux.yml

@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ jobs:
         run: git --no-pager diff --exit-code
 
       - name: Test
-        run: CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} CI=true go test -coverprofile=coverage.txt -tags devcert -exec 'sudo' -timeout 10m -p 1 $(go list ./... | grep -v -e /management -e /signal -e /relay -e /proxy -e /combined)
+        run: CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} CI=true go test -coverprofile=coverage.txt -tags devcert -timeout 10m -p 1 $(go list ./... | grep -v -e /management -e /signal -e /relay -e /proxy -e /combined)
 
       - name: Upload coverage reports to Codecov
         if: matrix.arch == 'amd64'
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ jobs:
             sh -c ' \
               apk update; apk add --no-cache \
                 ca-certificates iptables ip6tables dbus dbus-dev libpcap-dev build-base; \
-              go test -buildvcs=false -tags devcert -v -timeout 10m -p 1 $(go list -buildvcs=false ./... | grep -v -e /management -e /signal -e /relay -e /proxy -e /combined -e /client/ui -e /upload-server)
+              go test -buildvcs=false -tags "devcert privileged" -v -timeout 10m -p 1 $(go list -buildvcs=false ./... | grep -v -e /management -e /signal -e /relay -e /proxy -e /combined -e /client/ui -e /upload-server -e /client/testutil/privileged)
             '
 
   test_relay:

Makefile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.PHONY: lint lint-all lint-install setup-hooks
+.PHONY: lint lint-all lint-install setup-hooks test-unit test-privileged
 GOLANGCI_LINT := $(shell pwd)/bin/golangci-lint
 
 # Install golangci-lint locally if needed
@@ -25,3 +25,15 @@ setup-hooks:
 	@git config core.hooksPath .githooks
 	@chmod +x .githooks/pre-push
 	@echo "✅ Git hooks configured! Pre-push will now run 'make lint'"
+
+# Host-safe unit tests: excludes the privileged-tagged tests (root / system-mutating).
+# Runs as a normal user with no sudo and leaves host networking untouched.
+test-unit:
+	@go test -tags devcert -timeout 10m ./...
+
+# Privileged suite: runs the `privileged`-tagged tests inside a --privileged
+# --cap-add=NET_ADMIN container via the ory/dockertest harness. Requires Docker.
+# Narrow the run with env vars, e.g.:
+#   PRIV_RUN=TestNftablesManager PRIV_PKGS=./client/firewall/nftables/... make test-privileged
+test-privileged:
+	@go test -tags 'devcert privileged' -timeout 30m -run TestRunPrivilegedSuiteInDocker -v ./client/testutil/privileged/...

client/cmd/debug.go

@@ -3,12 +3,14 @@ package cmd
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"os/user"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/encoding/protojson"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/durationpb"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
@@ -85,6 +87,73 @@ var persistenceCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	RunE:    setSyncResponsePersistence,
 }
 
+var debugConfigCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:     "config",
+	Example: "  netbird debug config",
+	Short:   "Dump the effective configuration",
+	Long:    "Prints the daemon's resolved configuration (after applying defaults, file, env, CLI input, and MDM policy overrides) as JSON. Includes the list of MDM-managed fields.",
+	RunE:    debugConfigDump,
+}
+
+// debugConfigDump implements `netbird debug config`. It resolves the
+// active profile, queries the daemon for the effective configuration
+// via GetConfig, and prints the resulting GetConfigResponse as JSON
+// (via protojson with EmitUnpopulated=true so the output is stable
+// across runs and includes zero-valued fields).
+//
+// Useful for verifying MDM enforcement end-to-end: the response's
+// mDMManagedFields array is the single source of truth for "which
+// fields is the daemon currently enforcing from the MDM source", and
+// every config field side-by-side with that list confirms the merge
+// result. Secrets in the response (e.g. PreSharedKey) are already
+// redacted by the daemon-side handler.
+func debugConfigDump(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+	pm := profilemanager.NewProfileManager()
+	activeProf, err := pm.GetActiveProfile()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get active profile: %v", err)
+	}
+	currUser, err := user.Current()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get current user: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	conn, err := getClient(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf(errCloseConnection, err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	client := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
+	resp, err := client.GetConfig(cmd.Context(), &proto.GetConfigRequest{
+		ProfileName: activeProf.Name,
+		Username:    currUser.Username,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get config: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
+	}
+
+	// Use protojson so well-known fields render correctly; emit defaults so
+	// the operator sees every field even when zero/empty.
+	m := protojson.MarshalOptions{Multiline: true, Indent: "  ", EmitUnpopulated: true}
+	out, err := m.Marshal(resp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("marshal config: %w", err)
+	}
+	cmd.Println(string(out))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// debugBundle requests the daemon to create a debug bundle and prints
+// the resulting local file path and, if uploaded, the uploaded file
+// key. It uses the package flags (anonymize, system info, log file
+// count, CLI version, optional upload URL) to configure the bundle
+// request. Returns an error if the RPC fails or if the daemon reports
+// an upload failure reason.
 func debugBundle(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
 	conn, err := getClient(cmd)
 	if err != nil {

client/cmd/kubernetes.go

@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/goccy/go-yaml"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+const (
+	KubernetesDNSSuffix = "netbird-kubeapi-proxy"
+)
+
+var kubernetesCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "kubernetes",
+	Short: "Kubernetes cluster commands.",
+	Long:  "Kubernetes cluster commands.",
+}
+
+var kubernetesListCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "list",
+	RunE:  kubernetesList,
+	Short: "List Kubernetes clusters.",
+	Long:  "List Kubernetes clusters by discovering NetBird peers running netbird-kubeapi-proxy.",
+}
+
+var kubernetesWriteKubeconfigCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "write-kubeconfig",
+	RunE:  kubernetesWriteKubeconfig,
+	Args:  cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+	Short: "Write kubeconfig for a Kubernetes cluster.",
+	Long:  "Updates kubeconfig in place to allow token-less access to the Kubernetes cluster through NetBird.",
+}
+
+func init() {
+	kubernetesWriteKubeconfigCmd.Flags().String("kubeconfig", "", "path to kubeconfig file")
+}
+
+func kubernetesList(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+	conn, err := getClient(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	client := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
+	statusResp, err := client.Status(cmd.Context(), &proto.StatusRequest{GetFullPeerStatus: true})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	kcs, err := getKubernetesClusters(cmd.Context(), statusResp.FullStatus.Peers, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(kcs) == 0 {
+		cmd.Println("No Kubernetes clusters available.")
+		return nil
+	}
+	cmd.Println("Available Kubernetes clusters:")
+	for _, k := range kcs {
+		cmd.Printf("\n  - Name: %s\n    FQDN: %s\n    Version: %s\n", k.name, k.url.Host, k.version)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func kubernetesWriteKubeconfig(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	kubeconfigPath, err := resolveKubeconfigPath(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	conn, err := getClient(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	client := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
+	statusResp, err := client.Status(cmd.Context(), &proto.StatusRequest{GetFullPeerStatus: true})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	clusterName := args[0]
+	kcs, err := getKubernetesClusters(cmd.Context(), statusResp.FullStatus.Peers, clusterName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(kcs) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("kubernetes cluster named %s not found", clusterName)
+	}
+	if len(kcs) > 1 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("too many Kubernetes clusters returned")
+	}
+	err = writeKubeconfig(kubeconfigPath, kcs[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type kubernetesCluster struct {
+	name    string
+	url     *url.URL
+	version string
+}
+
+func getKubernetesClusters(ctx context.Context, peers []*proto.PeerState, nameFilter string) ([]kubernetesCluster, error) {
+	transport := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).Clone()
+	transport.TLSClientConfig = &tls.Config{
+		InsecureSkipVerify: true,
+	}
+	httpClient := &http.Client{
+		Transport: transport,
+	}
+	resolver := net.Resolver{
+		// Required so both DNS records are returned.
+		// https://github.com/golang/go/issues/17093
+		PreferGo: true,
+	}
+
+	kcs := []kubernetesCluster{}
+	attempted := map[string]struct{}{}
+	for _, peer := range peers {
+		fqdns, err := resolver.LookupAddr(ctx, peer.IP)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		for _, fqdn := range fqdns {
+			if _, ok := attempted[fqdn]; ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			attempted[fqdn] = struct{}{}
+			comps := strings.Split(fqdn, ".")
+			if len(comps) < 2 {
+				continue
+			}
+			if comps[1] != KubernetesDNSSuffix {
+				continue
+			}
+			if nameFilter != "" && nameFilter != comps[0] {
+				continue
+			}
+			clusterURL, clusterVersion, err := fingerprintClusters(ctx, httpClient, fqdn)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Debugf("could not fingerprint Kubernetes cluster %s %q", fqdn, err)
+				continue
+			}
+			kc := kubernetesCluster{
+				name:    comps[0],
+				url:     clusterURL,
+				version: clusterVersion,
+			}
+			if nameFilter != "" {
+				return []kubernetesCluster{kc}, nil
+			}
+			kcs = append(kcs, kc)
+		}
+	}
+	return kcs, nil
+}
+
+func fingerprintClusters(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client, fqdn string) (*url.URL, string, error) {
+	clusterURL, err := url.Parse("https://" + fqdn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	versionURL, err := clusterURL.Parse("/version")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, versionURL.String(), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	resp, err := httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("expected %d response but got %s", http.StatusOK, resp.Status)
+	}
+	b, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	versionData := map[string]string{}
+	err = json.Unmarshal(b, &versionData)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	version, ok := versionData["gitVersion"]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, "", errors.New("no version found in response")
+	}
+	return clusterURL, version, nil
+}
+
+func resolveKubeconfigPath(cmd *cobra.Command) (string, error) {
+	if cmd.Flags().Changed("kubeconfig") {
+		path, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("kubeconfig")
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		return path, nil
+	}
+	if env := os.Getenv("KUBECONFIG"); env != "" {
+		return env, nil
+	}
+	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("could not determine home directory: %w", err)
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(home, ".kube", "config"), nil
+}
+
+func writeKubeconfig(kubeconfigPath string, kc kubernetesCluster) error {
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(kubeconfigPath)
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return err
+	}
+	var cfg map[string]any
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(b, &cfg); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if cfg == nil {
+		cfg = map[string]any{
+			"apiVersion": "v1",
+			"kind":       "Config",
+		}
+	}
+
+	cfg["clusters"] = appendWithName(cfg["clusters"], map[string]any{
+		"name": kc.name,
+		"cluster": map[string]any{
+			"server":                   kc.url.String(),
+			"insecure-skip-tls-verify": true,
+		},
+	})
+	cfg["users"] = appendWithName(cfg["users"], map[string]any{
+		"name": "netbird",
+		"user": map[string]any{
+			"token": "none",
+		},
+	})
+	cfg["contexts"] = appendWithName(cfg["contexts"], map[string]any{
+		"name": kc.name,
+		"context": map[string]any{
+			"cluster":   kc.name,
+			"user":      "netbird",
+			"namespace": "default",
+		},
+	})
+	cfg["current-context"] = kc.name
+
+	out, err := yaml.Marshal(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(kubeconfigPath, out, 0o600); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func appendWithName(data any, add map[string]any) any {
+	if data == nil {
+		return []any{add}
+	}
+	v, ok := data.([]any)
+	if !ok {
+		return []any{add}
+	}
+	i := slices.IndexFunc(v, func(item any) bool {
+		m, ok := item.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			return false
+		}
+		return m["name"] == add["name"]
+	})
+	if i == -1 {
+		return append(v, add)
+	}
+	v[i] = add
+	return v
+}

client/cmd/kubernetes_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestFingerprintClusters(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	srv := httptest.NewTLSServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		//nolint: errcheck
+		w.Write([]byte(`{"gitVersion": "foobar"}`))
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	clusterURL, clusterVersion, err := fingerprintClusters(t.Context(), srv.Client(), srv.Listener.Addr().String())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, srv.URL, clusterURL.String())
+	require.Equal(t, "foobar", clusterVersion)
+}
+
+func TestResolveKubeconfigPath(t *testing.T) {
+	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("could not determine home directory: %v", err)
+	}
+	defaultPath := filepath.Join(home, ".kube", "config")
+	path, err := resolveKubeconfigPath(&cobra.Command{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, defaultPath, path)
+
+	flagPath := "flag-path"
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{}
+	cmd.Flags().String("kubeconfig", "", "")
+	err = cmd.Flags().Set("kubeconfig", flagPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	path, err = resolveKubeconfigPath(cmd)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, flagPath, path)
+
+	envPath := "env-path"
+	t.Setenv("KUBECONFIG", envPath)
+	path, err = resolveKubeconfigPath(&cobra.Command{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, envPath, path)
+}
+
+func TestWriteKubeconfig(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		existing string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "empty file",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "existing content",
+			existing: `apiVersion: v1
+clusters:
+- cluster:
+    insecure-skip-tls-verify: true
+    server: https://foobar.com
+  name: foo
+current-context: test
+kind: Config
+users: []
+`,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			kubeconfigPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config")
+			err := os.WriteFile(kubeconfigPath, []byte(tt.existing), 0o644)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			kc := kubernetesCluster{
+				name: "foo",
+				url:  &url.URL{Scheme: "https", Host: "example.com"},
+			}
+			err = writeKubeconfig(kubeconfigPath, kc)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			b, err := os.ReadFile(kubeconfigPath)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			expected := `apiVersion: v1
+clusters:
+- cluster:
+    insecure-skip-tls-verify: true
+    server: https://example.com
+  name: foo
+contexts:
+- context:
+    cluster: foo
+    namespace: default
+    user: netbird
+  name: foo
+current-context: foo
+kind: Config
+users:
+- name: netbird
+  user:
+    token: none
+`
+			require.Equal(t, expected, string(b))
+		})
+	}
+
+}

client/cmd/peercred_bsd.go

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-//go:build darwin || freebsd
-
-package cmd
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-)
-
-// peerUID returns the uid of the process on the other end of a unix socket
-// connection, read via LOCAL_PEERCRED (xucred). Note: xucred carries the uid
-// and group list but no pid, so audit on these platforms is uid-based.
-func peerUID(c net.Conn) (int, error) {
-	uc, ok := c.(*net.UnixConn)
-	if !ok {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("connection is not a unix socket: %T", c)
-	}
-	raw, err := uc.SyscallConn()
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("raw conn: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var cred *unix.Xucred
-	var credErr error
-	if err := raw.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
-		cred, credErr = unix.GetsockoptXucred(int(fd), unix.SOL_LOCAL, unix.LOCAL_PEERCRED)
-	}); err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("getsockopt control: %w", err)
-	}
-	if credErr != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("LOCAL_PEERCRED: %w", credErr)
-	}
-	return int(cred.Uid), nil
-}

client/cmd/peercred_linux.go

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-//go:build linux
-
-package cmd
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-)
-
-// peerUID returns the uid of the process on the other end of a unix socket
-// connection, read from the kernel via SO_PEERCRED.
-func peerUID(c net.Conn) (int, error) {
-	uc, ok := c.(*net.UnixConn)
-	if !ok {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("connection is not a unix socket: %T", c)
-	}
-	raw, err := uc.SyscallConn()
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("raw conn: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var cred *unix.Ucred
-	var credErr error
-	if err := raw.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
-		cred, credErr = unix.GetsockoptUcred(int(fd), unix.SOL_SOCKET, unix.SO_PEERCRED)
-	}); err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("getsockopt control: %w", err)
-	}
-	if credErr != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("SO_PEERCRED: %w", credErr)
-	}
-	return int(cred.Uid), nil
-}

client/cmd/peercred_unsupported.go

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !linux && !darwin && !freebsd
-
-package cmd
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"runtime"
-)
-
-// peerUID is unimplemented on this platform, so the trust-on-first-use socket
-// migration cannot run here. Configure --socket-owner explicitly, or use
-// --disable-strict-socket. (Windows uses a TCP socket and never reaches this.)
-func peerUID(net.Conn) (int, error) {
-	return 0, fmt.Errorf("peer credential check not supported on %s", runtime.GOOS)
-}

client/cmd/root.go

@@ -77,8 +77,6 @@ var (
 	updateSettingsDisabled  bool
 	captureEnabled          bool
 	networksDisabled        bool
-	socketOwner             string
-	strictSocketDisabled    bool
 
 	rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		Use:          "netbird",
@@ -97,7 +95,9 @@ var (
 	}
 )
 
-// Execute executes the root command.
+// Execute runs the appropriate Cobra command for the CLI.
+// If the process is the update binary it delegates to updateCmd; otherwise it runs the root command.
+// It returns any error produced during command execution.
 func Execute() error {
 	if isUpdateBinary() {
 		return updateCmd.Execute()
@@ -105,6 +105,16 @@ func Execute() error {
 	return rootCmd.Execute()
 }
 
+// init initialises package-level defaults and configures the root
+// Cobra command tree. Sets platform-specific config / log directory
+// paths (including legacy Wiretrustee fallbacks) and a default daemon
+// address; registers persistent CLI flags (daemon address,
+// management / admin URLs, logging, setup key (file and inline,
+// mutually exclusive), preshared key, hostname, anonymise, config
+// path); attaches top-level and nested subcommands to the root
+// command; and registers `up`-specific persistent flags (external IP
+// maps, custom DNS resolver address, Rosenpass options, auto-connect
+// disabling, lazy connection).
 func init() {
 	defaultConfigPathDir = "/etc/netbird/"
 	defaultLogFileDir = "/var/log/netbird/"
@@ -170,6 +180,12 @@ func init() {
 	logCmd.AddCommand(logLevelCmd)
 	debugCmd.AddCommand(forCmd)
 	debugCmd.AddCommand(persistenceCmd)
+	debugCmd.AddCommand(debugConfigCmd)
+
+	// kubernetes commands
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(kubernetesCmd)
+	kubernetesCmd.AddCommand(kubernetesListCmd)
+	kubernetesCmd.AddCommand(kubernetesWriteKubeconfigCmd)
 
 	// profile commands
 	profileCmd.AddCommand(profileListCmd)

client/cmd/service.go

@@ -57,9 +57,6 @@ func init() {
 	installCmd.Flags().StringSliceVar(&serviceEnvVars, "service-env", nil, serviceEnvDesc)
 	reconfigureCmd.Flags().StringSliceVar(&serviceEnvVars, "service-env", nil, serviceEnvDesc)
 
-	serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&socketOwner, "socket-owner", "", "user to own the daemon control socket; restricts it to that user plus the netbird group (0660). If unset, the first client to connect claims ownership (trust-on-first-use)")
-	serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&strictSocketDisabled, "disable-strict-socket", false, "leave the daemon control socket world-writable (0666) instead of restricting it; set via the (root-only) service command")
-
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(serviceCmd)
 }
 

client/cmd/service_controller.go

@@ -4,15 +4,10 @@ package cmd
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"os/user"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
-	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/kardianos/service"
@@ -21,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/shell"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/server"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
@@ -60,36 +54,10 @@ func (p *program) Start(svc service.Service) error {
 	go func() {
 		defer listen.Close()
 
-		srvListener := listen
 		if split[0] == "unix" {
-			owner := effectiveSocketOwner()
-			switch {
-			case strictSocketDisabled:
-				// Opt-out (root-only, via service.json): leave it world-writable.
-				if err := os.Chmod(split[1], 0666); err != nil {
-					log.Errorf("failed setting daemon permissions: %v", split[1])
-					return
-				}
-			case owner != "":
-				// Seeded owner (flag, MDM, or persisted TOFU result): restrict
-				// before serving so there is no open window.
-				uid, err := lookupUser(owner)
-				if err != nil {
-					log.Errorf("lookup socket owner %q: %v", owner, err)
-					return
-				}
-				if err := restrictSocket(split[1], uid); err != nil {
-					log.Errorf("restrict socket to %q: %v", owner, err)
-					return
-				}
-			default:
-				// Trust-on-first-use: open the socket now; tofuListener locks it
-				// to the first caller's uid on the first connection.
-				if err := os.Chmod(split[1], 0666); err != nil {
-					log.Errorf("failed setting daemon permissions: %v", split[1])
-					return
-				}
-				srvListener = &tofuListener{Listener: listen, path: split[1], owner: -1}
+			if err := os.Chmod(split[1], 0666); err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed setting daemon permissions: %v", split[1])
+				return
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -104,180 +72,13 @@ func (p *program) Start(svc service.Service) error {
 		p.serverInstanceMu.Unlock()
 
 		log.Printf("started daemon server: %v", split[1])
-		if err := p.serv.Serve(srvListener); err != nil {
+		if err := p.serv.Serve(listen); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("failed to serve daemon requests: %v", err)
 		}
 	}()
 	return nil
 }
 
-func lookupUser(username string) (int, error) {
-	u, err := shell.LookupWithGetent(username)
-	if err != nil {
-		return -1, fmt.Errorf("lookup user %s: %w", username, err)
-	}
-	uid, err := strconv.Atoi(u.Uid)
-	if err != nil {
-		return -1, fmt.Errorf("parse uid %s: %w", u.Uid, err)
-	}
-	return uid, nil
-}
-
-// addGroup creates a system group if it doesn't already exist and returns the gid.
-// Must run as root.
-func addGroup(name string) (int, error) {
-	group, err := shell.LookupGroupWithGetent(name)
-	if err == nil {
-		gid, err := strconv.ParseInt(group.Gid, 10, 64)
-		return int(gid), err
-	}
-
-	// looup failed, create the group
-	groupadd, err := exec.LookPath("groupadd")
-	if err != nil {
-		// Fallback for Alpine/BusyBox systems.
-		if groupadd, err = exec.LookPath("addgroup"); err != nil {
-			return -1, errors.New("neither groupadd nor addgroup found")
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Use --system for a service/daemon group (no login, low GID).
-	out, err := exec.Command(groupadd, "--system", name).CombinedOutput()
-	if err != nil {
-		return -1, fmt.Errorf("create group %q: %w: %s", name, err, out)
-	}
-	if group, err := shell.LookupWithGetent(name); err == nil {
-		gid, err := strconv.ParseInt(group.Gid, 10, 64)
-		return int(gid), err
-	}
-	return -1, fmt.Errorf("lookup group %q: %w", name, err)
-}
-
-// restrictSocket locks the unix socket down to the owner uid plus the netbird
-// group (0660). If the group cannot be created or applied, it fails closed to
-// owner-only 0600 — it never leaves the socket world-writable.
-func restrictSocket(path string, uid int) error {
-	// TODO: introduce flag to configure this (LDAP/AD usecase)
-	gid, err := addGroup("netbird")
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("create netbird group, failing closed to owner-only 0600: %v", err)
-		return chownChmod(path, uid, -1, 0600)
-	}
-	if err := chownChmod(path, uid, gid, 0660); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("apply netbird group to socket, failing closed to owner-only 0600: %v", err)
-		return chownChmod(path, uid, -1, 0600)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// chownChmod sets ownership and mode on the socket. A gid of -1 leaves the
-// group unchanged.
-func chownChmod(path string, uid, gid int, mode os.FileMode) error {
-	if err := os.Chown(path, uid, gid); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("chown socket %s: %w", path, err)
-	}
-	if err := os.Chmod(path, mode); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("chmod socket %s: %w", path, err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// tofuListener implements trust-on-first-use for the daemon control socket.
-// The socket starts world-writable; the first caller's uid (read via the
-// platform peer-credential mechanism) becomes the owner. On that first
-// connection the socket is restricted (see restrictSocket) and the owner is
-// persisted so the open window never reopens on later starts. Connections that
-// raced in during the open window and are neither the owner nor root are
-// dropped. Changing the socket mode does not disturb the already-open
-// connection, so the first caller's request is served normally.
-type tofuListener struct {
-	net.Listener
-	path  string
-	mu    sync.Mutex
-	owner int // -1 until claimed
-}
-
-func (l *tofuListener) Accept() (net.Conn, error) {
-	for {
-		c, err := l.Listener.Accept()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		uid, err := peerUID(c)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("read peer credentials, dropping connection: %v", err)
-			_ = c.Close()
-			continue
-		}
-
-		l.mu.Lock()
-		if l.owner == -1 {
-			if err := restrictSocket(l.path, uid); err != nil {
-				l.mu.Unlock()
-				_ = c.Close()
-				// Refuse to serve on a socket we could not lock down.
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("restrict socket on first connection: %w", err)
-			}
-			l.owner = uid
-			persistSocketOwner(uid)
-			log.Infof("control socket restricted to first caller (uid %d)", uid)
-			l.mu.Unlock()
-			return c, nil
-		}
-		owner := l.owner
-		l.mu.Unlock()
-
-		// New connects are already gated by the 0660 perms set above; this only
-		// drops anything that slipped in during the brief open window.
-		if uid != owner && uid != 0 {
-			log.Warnf("dropping non-owner connection (uid %d) during socket bootstrap", uid)
-			_ = c.Close()
-			continue
-		}
-		return c, nil
-	}
-}
-
-// effectiveSocketOwner returns the configured socket owner: the --socket-owner
-// flag when set, otherwise the owner persisted by a previous TOFU migration.
-func effectiveSocketOwner() string {
-	if socketOwner != "" {
-		return socketOwner
-	}
-	params, err := loadServiceParams()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("load service params for socket owner: %v", err)
-		return ""
-	}
-	if params != nil {
-		return params.SocketOwner
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
-// persistSocketOwner records the TOFU-selected owner (by username) so the next
-// daemon start restricts the socket immediately, with no open window.
-func persistSocketOwner(uid int) {
-	u, err := user.LookupId(strconv.Itoa(uid))
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("resolve uid %d to username for persistence: %v", uid, err)
-		return
-	}
-	params, err := loadServiceParams()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("load service params to persist socket owner: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-	if params == nil {
-		params = currentServiceParams()
-	}
-	params.SocketOwner = u.Username
-	if err := saveServiceParams(params); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("persist socket owner: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
 func (p *program) Stop(srv service.Service) error {
 	p.serverInstanceMu.Lock()
 	if p.serverInstance != nil {

client/cmd/service_installer.go

@@ -67,14 +67,6 @@ func buildServiceArguments() []string {
 		args = append(args, "--disable-networks")
 	}
 
-	if socketOwner != "" {
-		args = append(args, "--socket-owner", socketOwner)
-	}
-
-	if strictSocketDisabled {
-		args = append(args, "--disable-strict-socket")
-	}
-
 	return args
 }
 
@@ -135,8 +127,6 @@ var installCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			return err
 		}
 
-		cmd.Printf("SUDO_UID: %s\n", os.Getenv("SUDO_UID"))
-
 		if err := loadAndApplyServiceParams(cmd); err != nil {
 			cmd.PrintErrf("Warning: failed to load saved service params: %v\n", err)
 		}

client/cmd/service_params.go

@@ -30,8 +30,6 @@ type serviceParams struct {
 	DisableUpdateSettings bool              `json:"disable_update_settings,omitempty"`
 	EnableCapture         bool              `json:"enable_capture,omitempty"`
 	DisableNetworks       bool              `json:"disable_networks,omitempty"`
-	SocketOwner           string            `json:"socket_owner,omitempty"`
-	DisableStrictSocket   bool              `json:"disable_strict_socket,omitempty"`
 	ServiceEnvVars        map[string]string `json:"service_env_vars,omitempty"`
 }
 
@@ -84,8 +82,6 @@ func currentServiceParams() *serviceParams {
 		DisableUpdateSettings: updateSettingsDisabled,
 		EnableCapture:         captureEnabled,
 		DisableNetworks:       networksDisabled,
-		SocketOwner:           socketOwner,
-		DisableStrictSocket:   strictSocketDisabled,
 	}
 
 	if len(serviceEnvVars) > 0 {
@@ -158,14 +154,6 @@ func applyServiceParams(cmd *cobra.Command, params *serviceParams) {
 		networksDisabled = params.DisableNetworks
 	}
 
-	if !serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().Changed("socket-owner") {
-		socketOwner = params.SocketOwner
-	}
-
-	if !serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().Changed("disable-strict-socket") {
-		strictSocketDisabled = params.DisableStrictSocket
-	}
-
 	applyServiceEnvParams(cmd, params)
 }
 

client/cmd/service_privileged_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kardianos/service"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+const (
+	serviceStartTimeout = 10 * time.Second
+	serviceStopTimeout  = 5 * time.Second
+	statusPollInterval  = 500 * time.Millisecond
+)
+
+// waitForServiceStatus waits for service to reach expected status with timeout
+func waitForServiceStatus(expectedStatus service.Status, timeout time.Duration) (bool, error) {
+	cfg, err := newSVCConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	ctxSvc, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	s, err := newSVC(newProgram(ctxSvc, cancel), cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	ctx, timeoutCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), timeout)
+	defer timeoutCancel()
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(statusPollInterval)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("timeout waiting for service status %v", expectedStatus)
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			status, err := s.Status()
+			if err != nil {
+				// Continue polling on transient errors
+				continue
+			}
+			if status == expectedStatus {
+				return true, nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestServiceLifecycle tests the complete service lifecycle
+func TestServiceLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
+	// TODO: Add support for Windows and macOS
+	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" && runtime.GOOS != "freebsd" {
+		t.Skipf("Skipping service lifecycle test on unsupported OS: %s", runtime.GOOS)
+	}
+
+	if os.Getenv("CONTAINER") == "true" {
+		t.Skip("Skipping service lifecycle test in container environment")
+	}
+
+	originalServiceName := serviceName
+	serviceName = "netbirdtest" + fmt.Sprintf("%d", time.Now().Unix())
+	defer func() {
+		serviceName = originalServiceName
+	}()
+
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	configPath = fmt.Sprintf("%s/netbird-test-config.json", tempDir)
+	logLevel = "info"
+	daemonAddr = fmt.Sprintf("unix://%s/netbird-test.sock", tempDir)
+
+	// Ensure cleanup even if a subtest fails and Stop/Uninstall subtests don't run.
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		cfg, err := newSVCConfig()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("cleanup: create service config: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		ctxSvc, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		defer cancel()
+		s, err := newSVC(newProgram(ctxSvc, cancel), cfg)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("cleanup: create service: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		// If the subtests already cleaned up, there's nothing to do.
+		if _, err := s.Status(); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+
+		if err := s.Stop(); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("cleanup: stop service: %v", err)
+		}
+		if err := s.Uninstall(); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("cleanup: uninstall service: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	t.Run("Install", func(t *testing.T) {
+		installCmd.SetContext(ctx)
+		err := installCmd.RunE(installCmd, []string{})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		cfg, err := newSVCConfig()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		ctxSvc, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		defer cancel()
+
+		s, err := newSVC(newProgram(ctxSvc, cancel), cfg)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		status, err := s.Status()
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NotEqual(t, service.StatusUnknown, status)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Start", func(t *testing.T) {
+		startCmd.SetContext(ctx)
+		err := startCmd.RunE(startCmd, []string{})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		running, err := waitForServiceStatus(service.StatusRunning, serviceStartTimeout)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, running)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Restart", func(t *testing.T) {
+		restartCmd.SetContext(ctx)
+		err := restartCmd.RunE(restartCmd, []string{})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		running, err := waitForServiceStatus(service.StatusRunning, serviceStartTimeout)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, running)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Reconfigure", func(t *testing.T) {
+		originalLogLevel := logLevel
+		logLevel = "debug"
+		defer func() {
+			logLevel = originalLogLevel
+		}()
+
+		reconfigureCmd.SetContext(ctx)
+		err := reconfigureCmd.RunE(reconfigureCmd, []string{})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		running, err := waitForServiceStatus(service.StatusRunning, serviceStartTimeout)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, running)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Stop", func(t *testing.T) {
+		stopCmd.SetContext(ctx)
+		err := stopCmd.RunE(stopCmd, []string{})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		stopped, err := waitForServiceStatus(service.StatusStopped, serviceStopTimeout)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, stopped)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Uninstall", func(t *testing.T) {
+		uninstallCmd.SetContext(ctx)
+		err := uninstallCmd.RunE(uninstallCmd, []string{})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		cfg, err := newSVCConfig()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		ctxSvc, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		defer cancel()
+
+		s, err := newSVC(newProgram(ctxSvc, cancel), cfg)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		_, err = s.Status()
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}

client/cmd/service_test.go

@@ -1,16 +1,12 @@
 package cmd
 
 import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 	"runtime"
 	"syscall"
 	"testing"
-	"time"
 
-	"github.com/kardianos/service"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
@@ -31,186 +27,6 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	os.Exit(m.Run())
 }
 
-const (
-	serviceStartTimeout = 10 * time.Second
-	serviceStopTimeout  = 5 * time.Second
-	statusPollInterval  = 500 * time.Millisecond
-)
-
-// waitForServiceStatus waits for service to reach expected status with timeout
-func waitForServiceStatus(expectedStatus service.Status, timeout time.Duration) (bool, error) {
-	cfg, err := newSVCConfig()
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	ctxSvc, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	defer cancel()
-
-	s, err := newSVC(newProgram(ctxSvc, cancel), cfg)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	ctx, timeoutCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), timeout)
-	defer timeoutCancel()
-
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(statusPollInterval)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return false, fmt.Errorf("timeout waiting for service status %v", expectedStatus)
-		case <-ticker.C:
-			status, err := s.Status()
-			if err != nil {
-				// Continue polling on transient errors
-				continue
-			}
-			if status == expectedStatus {
-				return true, nil
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// TestServiceLifecycle tests the complete service lifecycle
-func TestServiceLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
-	// TODO: Add support for Windows and macOS
-	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" && runtime.GOOS != "freebsd" {
-		t.Skipf("Skipping service lifecycle test on unsupported OS: %s", runtime.GOOS)
-	}
-
-	if os.Getenv("CONTAINER") == "true" {
-		t.Skip("Skipping service lifecycle test in container environment")
-	}
-
-	originalServiceName := serviceName
-	serviceName = "netbirdtest" + fmt.Sprintf("%d", time.Now().Unix())
-	defer func() {
-		serviceName = originalServiceName
-	}()
-
-	tempDir := t.TempDir()
-	configPath = fmt.Sprintf("%s/netbird-test-config.json", tempDir)
-	logLevel = "info"
-	daemonAddr = fmt.Sprintf("unix://%s/netbird-test.sock", tempDir)
-
-	// Ensure cleanup even if a subtest fails and Stop/Uninstall subtests don't run.
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		cfg, err := newSVCConfig()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("cleanup: create service config: %v", err)
-			return
-		}
-		ctxSvc, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-		defer cancel()
-		s, err := newSVC(newProgram(ctxSvc, cancel), cfg)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("cleanup: create service: %v", err)
-			return
-		}
-
-		// If the subtests already cleaned up, there's nothing to do.
-		if _, err := s.Status(); err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-
-		if err := s.Stop(); err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("cleanup: stop service: %v", err)
-		}
-		if err := s.Uninstall(); err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("cleanup: uninstall service: %v", err)
-		}
-	})
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	t.Run("Install", func(t *testing.T) {
-		installCmd.SetContext(ctx)
-		err := installCmd.RunE(installCmd, []string{})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		cfg, err := newSVCConfig()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		ctxSvc, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-		defer cancel()
-
-		s, err := newSVC(newProgram(ctxSvc, cancel), cfg)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		status, err := s.Status()
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.NotEqual(t, service.StatusUnknown, status)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("Start", func(t *testing.T) {
-		startCmd.SetContext(ctx)
-		err := startCmd.RunE(startCmd, []string{})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		running, err := waitForServiceStatus(service.StatusRunning, serviceStartTimeout)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.True(t, running)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("Restart", func(t *testing.T) {
-		restartCmd.SetContext(ctx)
-		err := restartCmd.RunE(restartCmd, []string{})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		running, err := waitForServiceStatus(service.StatusRunning, serviceStartTimeout)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.True(t, running)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("Reconfigure", func(t *testing.T) {
-		originalLogLevel := logLevel
-		logLevel = "debug"
-		defer func() {
-			logLevel = originalLogLevel
-		}()
-
-		reconfigureCmd.SetContext(ctx)
-		err := reconfigureCmd.RunE(reconfigureCmd, []string{})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		running, err := waitForServiceStatus(service.StatusRunning, serviceStartTimeout)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.True(t, running)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("Stop", func(t *testing.T) {
-		stopCmd.SetContext(ctx)
-		err := stopCmd.RunE(stopCmd, []string{})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		stopped, err := waitForServiceStatus(service.StatusStopped, serviceStopTimeout)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.True(t, stopped)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("Uninstall", func(t *testing.T) {
-		uninstallCmd.SetContext(ctx)
-		err := uninstallCmd.RunE(uninstallCmd, []string{})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		cfg, err := newSVCConfig()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		ctxSvc, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-		defer cancel()
-
-		s, err := newSVC(newProgram(ctxSvc, cancel), cfg)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		_, err = s.Status()
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-	})
-}
-
 // TestServiceEnvVars tests environment variable parsing
 func TestServiceEnvVars(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {

client/embed/embed.go

@@ -279,6 +279,10 @@ func (c *Client) Start(startCtx context.Context) error {
 
 	select {
 	case <-startCtx.Done():
+		// Cancel the client context before stopping: Engine.Start blocks on the
+		// signal stream while holding the engine mutex and only unblocks on
+		// cancellation. Stopping first would deadlock on that mutex.
+		cancel()
 		if stopErr := client.Stop(); stopErr != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("stop error after context done. Stop error: %w. Context done: %w", stopErr, startCtx.Err())
 		}
@@ -442,8 +446,8 @@ func (c *Client) Expose(ctx context.Context, req ExposeRequest) (*ExposeSession,
 
 // IdentityForIP looks up a remote peer by its tunnel IP using the
 // embedded client's status recorder. Returns the peer's WireGuard public
-// key and FQDN. ok=false means the IP isn't in this client's peer
-// roster — callers should treat that as "unknown peer".
+// key and FQDN. ok=false means the IP doesn't belong to an active peer
+// — offline roster peers are treated as unknown, same as foreign IPs.
 func (c *Client) IdentityForIP(ip netip.Addr) (pubKey, fqdn string, ok bool) {
 	if !ip.IsValid() || c.recorder == nil {
 		return "", "", false

client/embed/embed_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+package embed
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
+	nbgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
+	mgmt "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	nbcache "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/groups"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/port_forwarding"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/job"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/permissions"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	mgmtProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+)
+
+const testSetupKey = "A2C8E62B-38F5-4553-B31E-DD66C696CEBB"
+
+// TestClientStartTimeoutRollback reproduces a deadlock between Engine.Start and
+// Engine.Stop. The signal endpoint accepts gRPC connections but never serves the
+// SignalExchange service, so Engine.Start parks in WaitStreamConnected while
+// holding the engine mutex. When the Start context expires, the rollback path
+// calls ConnectClient.Stop, which must not block forever acquiring that mutex.
+func TestClientStartTimeoutRollback(t *testing.T) {
+	signalAddr := startBlackholeSignal(t)
+	mgmAddr := startManagement(t, signalAddr)
+
+	wgPort := 0
+	client, err := New(Options{
+		DeviceName:    "embed-rollback-test",
+		SetupKey:      testSetupKey,
+		ManagementURL: "http://" + mgmAddr,
+		WireguardPort: &wgPort,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "embed client creation must succeed")
+
+	startCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	startErr := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		startErr <- client.Start(startCtx)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-startErr:
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.DeadlineExceeded)
+	case <-time.After(60 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("client.Start did not return after its context expired: Engine.Stop deadlocked against Engine.Start waiting for the signal stream")
+	}
+}
+
+// startBlackholeSignal starts a gRPC server without the SignalExchange service
+// registered. Connections succeed, but the signal stream can never be
+// established, which keeps Engine.Start parked in WaitStreamConnected.
+func startBlackholeSignal(t *testing.T) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	s := grpc.NewServer()
+	go func() {
+		if err := s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		}
+	}()
+	t.Cleanup(s.Stop)
+
+	return lis.Addr().String()
+}
+
+func startManagement(t *testing.T, signalAddr string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Stuns:      []*config.Host{},
+		TURNConfig: &config.TURNConfig{},
+		Relay: &config.Relay{
+			Addresses:      []string{"127.0.0.1:1234"},
+			CredentialsTTL: util.Duration{Duration: time.Hour},
+			Secret:         "222222222222222222",
+		},
+		Signal: &config.Host{
+			Proto: "http",
+			URI:   signalAddr,
+		},
+		Datadir:    t.TempDir(),
+		HttpConfig: nil,
+	}
+
+	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	s := grpc.NewServer()
+
+	testStore, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../testdata/store.sql", cfg.Datadir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
+
+	eventStore := &activity.InMemoryEventStore{}
+
+	permissionsManager := permissions.NewManager(testStore)
+	peersManager := peers.NewManager(testStore, permissionsManager)
+	jobManager := job.NewJobManager(nil, testStore, peersManager)
+
+	cacheStore, err := nbcache.NewStore(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond, 300*time.Millisecond, 100)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	iv, err := validator.NewIntegratedValidator(context.Background(), peersManager, nil, eventStore, cacheStore)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	t.Cleanup(ctrl.Finish)
+	settingsMockManager := settings.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	settingsMockManager.EXPECT().
+		GetSettings(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
+		Return(&types.Settings{}, nil).
+		AnyTimes()
+	settingsMockManager.EXPECT().
+		GetExtraSettings(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
+		Return(&types.ExtraSettings{}, nil).
+		AnyTimes()
+
+	groupsManager := groups.NewManagerMock()
+
+	updateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
+	requestBuffer := mgmt.NewAccountRequestBuffer(context.Background(), testStore)
+	networkMapController := controller.NewController(context.Background(), testStore, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, mgmt.MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.selfhosted", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), manager.NewEphemeralManager(testStore, peersManager), cfg)
+	accountManager, err := mgmt.BuildManager(context.Background(), cfg, testStore, networkMapController, jobManager, nil, "", eventStore, nil, false, iv, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManager, false, cacheStore)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	secretsManager, err := nbgrpc.NewTimeBasedAuthSecretsManager(updateManager, cfg.TURNConfig, cfg.Relay, settingsMockManager, groupsManager)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(cfg, accountManager, settingsMockManager, jobManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, &mgmt.MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	mgmtProto.RegisterManagementServiceServer(s, mgmtServer)
+
+	go func() {
+		if err := s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		}
+	}()
+	t.Cleanup(s.Stop)
+
+	return lis.Addr().String()
+}

client/firewall/iptables/acl_linux.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package iptables
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"maps"
 	"net"
 	"slices"
 
@@ -421,12 +422,17 @@ func (m *aclManager) updateState() {
 	currentState.Lock()
 	defer currentState.Unlock()
 
+	// Clone the maps so the persisted state holds a private snapshot. The
+	// live maps keep being mutated by subsequent rule operations while the
+	// state manager marshals the state from its periodic-save goroutine.
+	// Sharing them by reference races the two and aborts the process with a
+	// concurrent map iteration and write.
 	if m.v6 {
-		currentState.ACLEntries6 = m.entries
-		currentState.ACLIPsetStore6 = m.ipsetStore
+		currentState.ACLEntries6 = maps.Clone(m.entries)
+		currentState.ACLIPsetStore6 = m.ipsetStore.clone()
 	} else {
-		currentState.ACLEntries = m.entries
-		currentState.ACLIPsetStore = m.ipsetStore
+		currentState.ACLEntries = maps.Clone(m.entries)
+		currentState.ACLIPsetStore = m.ipsetStore.clone()
 	}
 
 	if err := m.stateManager.UpdateState(currentState); err != nil {

client/firewall/iptables/manager_linux_test.go

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
 package iptables
 
 import (

client/firewall/iptables/router_linux.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ package iptables
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"maps"
 	"net/netip"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -749,11 +750,17 @@ func (r *router) updateState() {
 	currentState.Lock()
 	defer currentState.Unlock()
 
+	// Clone the rule map so the persisted state holds a private snapshot. The
+	// live map keeps being mutated by subsequent rule operations while the
+	// state manager marshals the state from its periodic-save goroutine.
+	// Sharing it by reference races the two and aborts the process with a
+	// concurrent map iteration and write. The ipset counter guards itself
+	// during marshaling, so it can be shared directly.
 	if r.v6 {
-		currentState.RouteRules6 = r.rules
+		currentState.RouteRules6 = maps.Clone(r.rules)
 		currentState.RouteIPsetCounter6 = r.ipsetCounter
 	} else {
-		currentState.RouteRules = r.rules
+		currentState.RouteRules = maps.Clone(r.rules)
 		currentState.RouteIPsetCounter = r.ipsetCounter
 	}
 

client/firewall/iptables/router_linux_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !android
+//go:build !android && privileged
 
 package iptables
 

client/firewall/iptables/rulestore_linux.go

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package iptables
 
-import "encoding/json"
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"maps"
+)
 
 type ipList struct {
 	ips map[string]struct{}
@@ -19,6 +22,14 @@ func (s *ipList) addIP(ip string) {
 	s.ips[ip] = struct{}{}
 }
 
+// clone returns a deep copy of the ipList with its own ips map.
+func (s *ipList) clone() *ipList {
+	if s == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &ipList{ips: maps.Clone(s.ips)}
+}
+
 // MarshalJSON implements json.Marshaler
 func (s *ipList) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(struct {
@@ -55,6 +66,19 @@ func newIpsetStore() *ipsetStore {
 	}
 }
 
+// clone returns a deep copy of the ipsetStore with its own ipsets map and
+// independent ipList entries.
+func (s *ipsetStore) clone() *ipsetStore {
+	if s == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	cloned := &ipsetStore{ipsets: make(map[string]*ipList, len(s.ipsets))}
+	for name, list := range s.ipsets {
+		cloned.ipsets[name] = list.clone()
+	}
+	return cloned
+}
+
 func (s *ipsetStore) ipset(ipsetName string) (*ipList, bool) {
 	r, ok := s.ipsets[ipsetName]
 	return r, ok

client/firewall/nftables/manager_linux_test.go

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
 package nftables
 
 import (

client/firewall/nftables/router_linux_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !android
+//go:build !android && privileged
 
 package nftables
 

client/iface/iface_test.go

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
 package iface
 
 import (

client/iface/wgproxy/proxy_linux_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build linux && !android
+//go:build linux && !android && privileged
 
 package wgproxy
 

client/iface/wgproxy/proxy_seed_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !linux
+//go:build !linux || !privileged
 
 package wgproxy
 

client/iface/wgproxy/redirect_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build linux && !android
+//go:build linux && !android && privileged
 
 package wgproxy
 
@@ -26,64 +26,6 @@ func compareUDPAddr(addr1, addr2 net.Addr) bool {
 	return udpAddr1.IP.Equal(udpAddr2.IP) && udpAddr1.Port == udpAddr2.Port
 }
 
-// TestRedirectAs_eBPF_IPv4 tests RedirectAs with eBPF proxy using IPv4 addresses
-func TestRedirectAs_eBPF_IPv4(t *testing.T) {
-	wgPort := 51850
-	ebpfProxy := ebpf.NewWGEBPFProxy(wgPort, 1280)
-	if err := ebpfProxy.Listen(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to initialize ebpf proxy: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		if err := ebpfProxy.Free(); err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("failed to free ebpf proxy: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	proxy := ebpf.NewProxyWrapper(ebpfProxy)
-
-	// NetBird UDP address of the remote peer
-	nbAddr := &net.UDPAddr{
-		IP:   net.ParseIP("100.108.111.177"),
-		Port: 38746,
-	}
-
-	p2pEndpoint := &net.UDPAddr{
-		IP:   net.ParseIP("192.168.0.56"),
-		Port: 51820,
-	}
-
-	testRedirectAs(t, proxy, wgPort, nbAddr, p2pEndpoint)
-}
-
-// TestRedirectAs_eBPF_IPv6 tests RedirectAs with eBPF proxy using IPv6 addresses
-func TestRedirectAs_eBPF_IPv6(t *testing.T) {
-	wgPort := 51851
-	ebpfProxy := ebpf.NewWGEBPFProxy(wgPort, 1280)
-	if err := ebpfProxy.Listen(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to initialize ebpf proxy: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		if err := ebpfProxy.Free(); err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("failed to free ebpf proxy: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	proxy := ebpf.NewProxyWrapper(ebpfProxy)
-
-	// NetBird UDP address of the remote peer
-	nbAddr := &net.UDPAddr{
-		IP:   net.ParseIP("100.108.111.177"),
-		Port: 38746,
-	}
-
-	p2pEndpoint := &net.UDPAddr{
-		IP:   net.ParseIP("fe80::56"),
-		Port: 51820,
-	}
-
-	testRedirectAs(t, proxy, wgPort, nbAddr, p2pEndpoint)
-}
-
 // TestRedirectAs_UDP_IPv4 tests RedirectAs with UDP proxy using IPv4 addresses
 func TestRedirectAs_UDP_IPv4(t *testing.T) {
 	wgPort := 51852
@@ -256,6 +198,64 @@ func testRedirectAs(t *testing.T, proxy Proxy, wgPort int, nbAddr, p2pEndpoint *
 	}
 }
 
+// TestRedirectAs_eBPF_IPv4 tests RedirectAs with eBPF proxy using IPv4 addresses
+func TestRedirectAs_eBPF_IPv4(t *testing.T) {
+	wgPort := 51850
+	ebpfProxy := ebpf.NewWGEBPFProxy(wgPort, 1280)
+	if err := ebpfProxy.Listen(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to initialize ebpf proxy: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := ebpfProxy.Free(); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("failed to free ebpf proxy: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	proxy := ebpf.NewProxyWrapper(ebpfProxy)
+
+	// NetBird UDP address of the remote peer
+	nbAddr := &net.UDPAddr{
+		IP:   net.ParseIP("100.108.111.177"),
+		Port: 38746,
+	}
+
+	p2pEndpoint := &net.UDPAddr{
+		IP:   net.ParseIP("192.168.0.56"),
+		Port: 51820,
+	}
+
+	testRedirectAs(t, proxy, wgPort, nbAddr, p2pEndpoint)
+}
+
+// TestRedirectAs_eBPF_IPv6 tests RedirectAs with eBPF proxy using IPv6 addresses
+func TestRedirectAs_eBPF_IPv6(t *testing.T) {
+	wgPort := 51851
+	ebpfProxy := ebpf.NewWGEBPFProxy(wgPort, 1280)
+	if err := ebpfProxy.Listen(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to initialize ebpf proxy: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := ebpfProxy.Free(); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("failed to free ebpf proxy: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	proxy := ebpf.NewProxyWrapper(ebpfProxy)
+
+	// NetBird UDP address of the remote peer
+	nbAddr := &net.UDPAddr{
+		IP:   net.ParseIP("100.108.111.177"),
+		Port: 38746,
+	}
+
+	p2pEndpoint := &net.UDPAddr{
+		IP:   net.ParseIP("fe80::56"),
+		Port: 51820,
+	}
+
+	testRedirectAs(t, proxy, wgPort, nbAddr, p2pEndpoint)
+}
+
 // TestRedirectAs_Multiple_Switches tests switching between multiple endpoints
 func TestRedirectAs_Multiple_Switches(t *testing.T) {
 	wgPort := 51856

client/internal/debug/debug.go

@@ -516,6 +516,14 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addConfig() error {
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Surface the set of MDM-enforced keys so a support engineer reading
+	// the bundle can tell which field values are user-set vs MDM-overridden.
+	// Same semantics as the mDMManagedFields list returned by the
+	// GetConfig RPC consumed by `netbird debug config`.
+	if managed := g.internalConfig.Policy().ManagedKeys(); len(managed) > 0 {
+		configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("MDMManagedFields: %v\n", managed))
+	}
+
 	configReader := strings.NewReader(configContent.String())
 	if err := g.addFileToZip(configReader, "config.txt"); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("add config file to zip: %w", err)

client/internal/debug/debug_test.go

@@ -843,6 +843,7 @@ func TestAddConfig_AllFieldsCovered(t *testing.T) {
 		"PreSharedKey":      "sensitive: WireGuard pre-shared key",
 		"SSHKey":            "sensitive: SSH private key",
 		"ClientCertKeyPair": "non-config: parsed cert pair, not serialized",
+		"policy":            "non-config: in-memory MDM policy snapshot, surfaced via Config.Policy() / GetConfigResponse.MDMManagedFields",
 	}
 
 	mURL, _ := url.Parse("https://api.example.com:443")

client/internal/dns/local/local.go

@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ func (d *Resolver) logDNSError(logger *log.Entry, hostname string, qtype uint16,
 // completely when every proxy peer is offline (the upstream may still
 // be reachable some other way, or the peerstore may be stale).
 func (d *Resolver) filterDisconnectedPeerAnswers(logger *log.Entry, question dns.Question, records []dns.RR) []dns.RR {
-	if len(records) == 0 {
+	if len(records) < 2 {
 		return records
 	}
 	d.mu.RLock()

client/internal/dns/local/local_test.go

@@ -2738,6 +2738,17 @@ func TestLocalResolver_FilterDisconnectedPeerAnswers(t *testing.T) {
 			connByIP:    nil,
 			wantInOrder: []string{"100.64.0.10", "100.64.0.11"},
 		},
+		{
+			// A single answer is never filtered: dropping it would only
+			// trigger the empty-answer escape hatch, so the fast path
+			// returns it untouched.
+			name:    "single disconnected answer passes through",
+			records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{disconnectedRec},
+			connByIP: map[string]ipState{
+				"100.64.0.11": {known: true, connected: false},
+			},
+			wantInOrder: []string{"100.64.0.11"},
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range tests {

client/internal/dns/resutil/resolve.go

@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
+// errNoSuitableAddress mirrors the unexported error string the net package
+// uses when a resolved host has no addresses of the requested family.
+const errNoSuitableAddress = "no suitable address found"
+
 // GenerateRequestID creates a random 8-character hex string for request tracing.
 func GenerateRequestID() string {
 	bytes := make([]byte, 4)
@@ -126,6 +130,14 @@ func LookupIP(ctx context.Context, r resolver, network, host string, qtype uint1
 }
 
 func getRcodeForError(ctx context.Context, r resolver, host string, qtype uint16, err error) int {
+	// The net package returns this AddrError when the host resolves but has
+	// no addresses of the requested family. The domain exists, so answer
+	// NODATA instead of SERVFAIL.
+	var addrErr *net.AddrError
+	if errors.As(err, &addrErr) && addrErr.Err == errNoSuitableAddress {
+		return dns.RcodeSuccess
+	}
+
 	var dnsErr *net.DNSError
 	if !errors.As(err, &dnsErr) {
 		return dns.RcodeServerFailure

client/internal/dns/resutil/resolve_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+package resutil
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+type mockResolver struct {
+	// results maps network ("ip4"/"ip6") to the lookup outcome.
+	results map[string]mockLookup
+}
+
+type mockLookup struct {
+	ips []netip.Addr
+	err error
+}
+
+func (m *mockResolver) LookupNetIP(_ context.Context, network, _ string) ([]netip.Addr, error) {
+	res, ok := m.results[network]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errors.New("unexpected network: " + network)
+	}
+	return res.ips, res.err
+}
+
+func TestLookupIP_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &mockResolver{results: map[string]mockLookup{
+		"ip4": {ips: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("::ffff:192.0.2.1")}},
+	}}
+
+	result := LookupIP(context.Background(), r, "ip4", "example.com.", dns.TypeA)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, result.Rcode, "successful lookup should return NOERROR")
+	require.Len(t, result.IPs, 1, "should return the resolved address")
+	assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.1"), result.IPs[0], "v4-mapped address should be unmapped")
+}
+
+func TestLookupIP_NoSuitableAddress(t *testing.T) {
+	// The net package returns this AddrError when the host resolves but has
+	// no addresses of the requested family (e.g. AAAA query for a v4-only
+	// hosts file entry). The domain exists, so this is NODATA, not SERVFAIL.
+	r := &mockResolver{results: map[string]mockLookup{
+		"ip6": {err: &net.AddrError{Err: "no suitable address found", Addr: "example.com."}},
+	}}
+
+	result := LookupIP(context.Background(), r, "ip6", "example.com.", dns.TypeAAAA)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, result.Rcode, "no suitable address should map to NODATA")
+	assert.Empty(t, result.IPs, "NODATA response should carry no addresses")
+}
+
+// TestErrNoSuitableAddressMatchesNetPackage pins our copy of the error string
+// to what the net package actually emits. A literal IP of the wrong family
+// takes the same filterAddrList path as a resolved hostname, without network
+// access.
+func TestErrNoSuitableAddressMatchesNetPackage(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := (&net.Resolver{}).LookupNetIP(context.Background(), "ip6", "192.0.2.1")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+
+	var addrErr *net.AddrError
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &addrErr, "wrong-family lookup should return AddrError")
+	assert.Equal(t, errNoSuitableAddress, addrErr.Err, "net package error string should match our constant")
+}
+
+func TestLookupIP_OtherAddrError(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &mockResolver{results: map[string]mockLookup{
+		"ip4": {err: &net.AddrError{Err: "some other address problem", Addr: "example.com."}},
+	}}
+
+	result := LookupIP(context.Background(), r, "ip4", "example.com.", dns.TypeA)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeServerFailure, result.Rcode, "unrecognized AddrError should map to SERVFAIL")
+}
+
+func TestLookupIP_NotFoundNXDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &mockResolver{results: map[string]mockLookup{
+		"ip4": {err: &net.DNSError{Err: "no such host", Name: "example.com.", IsNotFound: true}},
+		"ip6": {err: &net.DNSError{Err: "no such host", Name: "example.com.", IsNotFound: true}},
+	}}
+
+	result := LookupIP(context.Background(), r, "ip4", "example.com.", dns.TypeA)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeNameError, result.Rcode, "not found for both families should map to NXDOMAIN")
+}
+
+func TestLookupIP_NotFoundNoData(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &mockResolver{results: map[string]mockLookup{
+		"ip6": {err: &net.DNSError{Err: "no such host", Name: "example.com.", IsNotFound: true}},
+		"ip4": {ips: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.1")}},
+	}}
+
+	result := LookupIP(context.Background(), r, "ip6", "example.com.", dns.TypeAAAA)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, result.Rcode, "not found with the other family present should map to NODATA")
+}
+
+func TestLookupIP_GenericError(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &mockResolver{results: map[string]mockLookup{
+		"ip4": {err: errors.New("connection refused")},
+	}}
+
+	result := LookupIP(context.Background(), r, "ip4", "example.com.", dns.TypeA)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeServerFailure, result.Rcode, "generic error should map to SERVFAIL")
+}
+
+func TestLookupIP_DNSErrorNotIsNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &mockResolver{results: map[string]mockLookup{
+		"ip4": {err: &net.DNSError{Err: "server misbehaving", Name: "example.com.", IsTemporary: true}},
+	}}
+
+	result := LookupIP(context.Background(), r, "ip4", "example.com.", dns.TypeA)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeServerFailure, result.Rcode, "upstream failure should map to SERVFAIL")
+}

client/internal/dns/server.go

@@ -777,13 +777,24 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) applyHostConfig() {
 // context is released rather than leaked until GC.
 func (s *DefaultServer) registerFallback() {
 	originalNameservers := s.hostManager.getOriginalNameservers()
-	if len(originalNameservers) == 0 {
+
+	serverIP := s.service.RuntimeIP()
+	var servers []netip.AddrPort
+	for _, ns := range originalNameservers {
+		if ns == serverIP {
+			log.Debugf("skipping original nameserver %s as it is the same as the server IP %s", ns, serverIP)
+			continue
+		}
+		servers = append(servers, netip.AddrPortFrom(ns, DefaultPort))
+	}
+
+	if len(servers) == 0 {
 		log.Debugf("no fallback upstreams to register; clearing PriorityFallback handler")
 		s.clearFallback()
 		return
 	}
 
-	log.Infof("registering original nameservers %v as upstream handlers with priority %d", originalNameservers, PriorityFallback)
+	log.Infof("registering original nameservers %v as upstream handlers with priority %d", servers, PriorityFallback)
 
 	handler, err := newUpstreamResolver(
 		s.ctx,
@@ -797,11 +808,6 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) registerFallback() {
 		return
 	}
 	handler.selectedRoutes = s.selectedRoutes
-
-	var servers []netip.AddrPort
-	for _, ns := range originalNameservers {
-		servers = append(servers, netip.AddrPortFrom(ns, DefaultPort))
-	}
 	handler.addRace(servers)
 
 	prev := s.fallbackHandler

client/internal/dns/server_privileged_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
+package dns
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	pfmock "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/mocks"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/local"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/test"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/stdnet"
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
+)
+
+func generateDummyHandler(d string, servers []nbdns.NameServer) *upstreamResolverBase {
+	var srvs []netip.AddrPort
+	for _, srv := range servers {
+		srvs = append(srvs, srv.AddrPort())
+	}
+	u := &upstreamResolverBase{
+		domain: domain.Domain(d),
+		cancel: func() {},
+	}
+	u.addRace(srvs)
+	return u
+}
+
+func TestUpdateDNSServer(t *testing.T) {
+
+	nameServers := []nbdns.NameServer{
+		{
+			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.8.8"),
+			NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
+			Port:   53,
+		},
+		{
+			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.4.4"),
+			NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
+			Port:   53,
+		},
+	}
+
+	dummyHandler := local.NewResolver()
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name                string
+		initUpstreamMap     registeredHandlerMap
+		initLocalZones      []nbdns.CustomZone
+		initSerial          uint64
+		inputSerial         uint64
+		inputUpdate         nbdns.Config
+		shouldFail          bool
+		expectedUpstreamMap registeredHandlerMap
+		expectedLocalQs     []dns.Question
+	}{
+		{
+			name:            "Initial Config Should Succeed",
+			initUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
+			initSerial:      0,
+			inputSerial:     1,
+			inputUpdate: nbdns.Config{
+				ServiceEnable: true,
+				CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
+					{
+						Domain:  "netbird.cloud",
+						Records: zoneRecords,
+					},
+				},
+				NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
+					{
+						Domains:     []string{"netbird.io"},
+						NameServers: nameServers,
+					},
+					{
+						NameServers: nameServers,
+						Primary:     true,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expectedUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{
+				generateDummyHandler("netbird.io", nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
+					domain:   "netbird.io",
+					handler:  dummyHandler,
+					priority: PriorityUpstream,
+				},
+				dummyHandler.ID(): handlerWrapper{
+					domain:   "netbird.cloud",
+					handler:  dummyHandler,
+					priority: PriorityLocal,
+				},
+				generateDummyHandler(".", nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
+					domain:   nbdns.RootZone,
+					handler:  dummyHandler,
+					priority: PriorityDefault,
+				},
+			},
+			expectedLocalQs: []dns.Question{{Name: "peera.netbird.cloud.", Qtype: dns.TypeA, Qclass: dns.ClassINET}},
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "New Config Should Succeed",
+			initLocalZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{{Domain: "netbird.cloud", Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{{Name: "netbird.cloud", Type: 1, Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"}}}},
+			initUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{
+				generateDummyHandler(zoneRecords[0].Name, nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
+					domain:   "netbird.cloud",
+					handler:  dummyHandler,
+					priority: PriorityUpstream,
+				},
+			},
+			initSerial:  0,
+			inputSerial: 1,
+			inputUpdate: nbdns.Config{
+				ServiceEnable: true,
+				CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
+					{
+						Domain:  "netbird.cloud",
+						Records: zoneRecords,
+					},
+				},
+				NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
+					{
+						Domains:     []string{"netbird.io"},
+						NameServers: nameServers,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expectedUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{
+				generateDummyHandler("netbird.io", nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
+					domain:   "netbird.io",
+					handler:  dummyHandler,
+					priority: PriorityUpstream,
+				},
+				"local-resolver": handlerWrapper{
+					domain:   "netbird.cloud",
+					handler:  dummyHandler,
+					priority: PriorityLocal,
+				},
+			},
+			expectedLocalQs: []dns.Question{{Name: zoneRecords[0].Name, Qtype: 1, Qclass: 1}},
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Smaller Config Serial Should Be Skipped",
+			initLocalZones:  []nbdns.CustomZone{},
+			initUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
+			initSerial:      2,
+			inputSerial:     1,
+			shouldFail:      true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Empty NS Group Domain Or Not Primary Element Should Fail",
+			initLocalZones:  []nbdns.CustomZone{},
+			initUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
+			initSerial:      0,
+			inputSerial:     1,
+			inputUpdate: nbdns.Config{
+				ServiceEnable: true,
+				CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
+					{
+						Domain:  "netbird.cloud",
+						Records: zoneRecords,
+					},
+				},
+				NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
+					{
+						NameServers: nameServers,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			shouldFail: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Invalid NS Group Nameservers list Should Fail",
+			initLocalZones:  []nbdns.CustomZone{},
+			initUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
+			initSerial:      0,
+			inputSerial:     1,
+			inputUpdate: nbdns.Config{
+				ServiceEnable: true,
+				CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
+					{
+						Domain:  "netbird.cloud",
+						Records: zoneRecords,
+					},
+				},
+				NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
+					{
+						NameServers: nameServers,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			shouldFail: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Invalid Custom Zone Records list Should Skip",
+			initLocalZones:  []nbdns.CustomZone{},
+			initUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
+			initSerial:      0,
+			inputSerial:     1,
+			inputUpdate: nbdns.Config{
+				ServiceEnable: true,
+				CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
+					{
+						Domain: "netbird.cloud",
+					},
+				},
+				NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
+					{
+						NameServers: nameServers,
+						Primary:     true,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expectedUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{generateDummyHandler(".", nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
+				domain:   ".",
+				handler:  dummyHandler,
+				priority: PriorityDefault,
+			}},
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Empty Config Should Succeed and Clean Maps",
+			initLocalZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{{Domain: "netbird.cloud", Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{{Name: "netbird.cloud", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"}}}},
+			initUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{
+				generateDummyHandler(zoneRecords[0].Name, nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
+					domain:   zoneRecords[0].Name,
+					handler:  dummyHandler,
+					priority: PriorityUpstream,
+				},
+			},
+			initSerial:          0,
+			inputSerial:         1,
+			inputUpdate:         nbdns.Config{ServiceEnable: true},
+			expectedUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
+			expectedLocalQs:     []dns.Question{},
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Disabled Service Should clean map",
+			initLocalZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{{Domain: "netbird.cloud", Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{{Name: "netbird.cloud", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"}}}},
+			initUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{
+				generateDummyHandler(zoneRecords[0].Name, nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
+					domain:   zoneRecords[0].Name,
+					handler:  dummyHandler,
+					priority: PriorityUpstream,
+				},
+			},
+			initSerial:          0,
+			inputSerial:         1,
+			inputUpdate:         nbdns.Config{ServiceEnable: false},
+			expectedUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
+			expectedLocalQs:     []dns.Question{},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for n, testCase := range testCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			privKey, _ := wgtypes.GenerateKey()
+			newNet, err := stdnet.NewNet(context.Background(), nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			opts := iface.WGIFaceOpts{
+				IFaceName:    fmt.Sprintf("utun230%d", n),
+				Address:      wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress(fmt.Sprintf("100.66.100.%d/32", n+1)),
+				WGPort:       33100,
+				WGPrivKey:    privKey.String(),
+				MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
+				TransportNet: newNet,
+			}
+
+			wgIface, err := iface.NewWGIFace(opts)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			err = wgIface.Create()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			defer func() {
+				err = wgIface.Close()
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Log(err)
+				}
+			}()
+			dnsServer, err := NewDefaultServer(context.Background(), DefaultServerConfig{
+				WgInterface:    wgIface,
+				CustomAddress:  "",
+				StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("mgm"),
+				StateManager:   nil,
+				DisableSys:     false,
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			err = dnsServer.Initialize()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			defer func() {
+				err = dnsServer.hostManager.restoreHostDNS()
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Log(err)
+				}
+			}()
+
+			dnsServer.dnsMuxMap = testCase.initUpstreamMap
+			dnsServer.localResolver.Update(testCase.initLocalZones)
+			dnsServer.updateSerial = testCase.initSerial
+
+			err = dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(testCase.inputSerial, testCase.inputUpdate)
+			if err != nil {
+				if testCase.shouldFail {
+					return
+				}
+				t.Fatalf("update dns server should not fail, got error: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if len(dnsServer.dnsMuxMap) != len(testCase.expectedUpstreamMap) {
+				t.Fatalf("update upstream failed, map size is different than expected, want %d, got %d", len(testCase.expectedUpstreamMap), len(dnsServer.dnsMuxMap))
+			}
+
+			for key := range testCase.expectedUpstreamMap {
+				_, found := dnsServer.dnsMuxMap[key]
+				if !found {
+					t.Fatalf("update upstream failed, key %s was not found in the dnsMuxMap: %#v", key, dnsServer.dnsMuxMap)
+				}
+			}
+
+			var responseMSG *dns.Msg
+			responseWriter := &test.MockResponseWriter{
+				WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error {
+					responseMSG = m
+					return nil
+				},
+			}
+			for _, q := range testCase.expectedLocalQs {
+				dnsServer.localResolver.ServeDNS(responseWriter, &dns.Msg{
+					Question: []dns.Question{q},
+				})
+			}
+
+			if len(testCase.expectedLocalQs) > 0 {
+				assert.NotNil(t, responseMSG, "response message should not be nil")
+				assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, responseMSG.Rcode, "response code should be success")
+				assert.NotEmpty(t, responseMSG.Answer, "response message should have answers")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDNSFakeResolverHandleUpdates(t *testing.T) {
+	ov := os.Getenv("NB_WG_KERNEL_DISABLED")
+	defer t.Setenv("NB_WG_KERNEL_DISABLED", ov)
+
+	t.Setenv("NB_WG_KERNEL_DISABLED", "true")
+	newNet, err := stdnet.NewNet(context.Background(), []string{"utun2301"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("create stdnet: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	privKey, _ := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
+	opts := iface.WGIFaceOpts{
+		IFaceName:    "utun2301",
+		Address:      wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.66.100.1/32"),
+		WGPort:       33100,
+		WGPrivKey:    privKey.String(),
+		MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
+		TransportNet: newNet,
+	}
+	wgIface, err := iface.NewWGIFace(opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("build interface wireguard: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	err = wgIface.Create()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("create and init wireguard interface: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err = wgIface.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("close wireguard interface: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	packetfilter := pfmock.NewMockPacketFilter(ctrl)
+	packetfilter.EXPECT().FilterOutbound(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).AnyTimes()
+	packetfilter.EXPECT().SetUDPPacketHook(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).AnyTimes()
+	packetfilter.EXPECT().SetTCPPacketHook(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).AnyTimes()
+
+	if err := wgIface.SetFilter(packetfilter); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("set packet filter: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	dnsServer, err := NewDefaultServer(context.Background(), DefaultServerConfig{
+		WgInterface:    wgIface,
+		CustomAddress:  "",
+		StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("mgm"),
+		StateManager:   nil,
+		DisableSys:     false,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("create DNS server: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	err = dnsServer.Initialize()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("run DNS server: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err = dnsServer.hostManager.restoreHostDNS(); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("restore DNS settings on the host: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+	}()
+
+	dnsServer.dnsMuxMap = registeredHandlerMap{
+		"id1": handlerWrapper{
+			domain:   zoneRecords[0].Name,
+			handler:  &local.Resolver{},
+			priority: PriorityUpstream,
+		},
+	}
+	dnsServer.localResolver.Update([]nbdns.CustomZone{{Domain: "netbird.cloud", Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{{Name: "netbird.cloud", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"}}}})
+	dnsServer.updateSerial = 0
+
+	nameServers := []nbdns.NameServer{
+		{
+			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.8.8"),
+			NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
+			Port:   53,
+		},
+		{
+			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.4.4"),
+			NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
+			Port:   53,
+		},
+	}
+
+	update := nbdns.Config{
+		ServiceEnable: true,
+		CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
+			{
+				Domain:  "netbird.cloud",
+				Records: zoneRecords,
+			},
+		},
+		NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
+			{
+				Domains:     []string{"netbird.io"},
+				NameServers: nameServers,
+			},
+			{
+				NameServers: nameServers,
+				Primary:     true,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Start the server with regular configuration
+	if err := dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(1, update); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("update dns server should not fail, got error: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	update2 := update
+	update2.ServiceEnable = false
+	// Disable the server, stop the listener
+	if err := dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(2, update2); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("update dns server should not fail, got error: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	update3 := update2
+	update3.NameServerGroups = update3.NameServerGroups[:1]
+	// But service still get updates and we checking that we handle
+	// internal state in the right way
+	if err := dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(3, update3); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("update dns server should not fail, got error: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+}

client/internal/dns/server_test.go

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -23,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/configurer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
-	pfmock "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/mocks"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/local"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/test"
@@ -104,481 +102,6 @@ func init() {
 	formatter.SetTextFormatter(log.StandardLogger())
 }
 
-func generateDummyHandler(d string, servers []nbdns.NameServer) *upstreamResolverBase {
-	var srvs []netip.AddrPort
-	for _, srv := range servers {
-		srvs = append(srvs, srv.AddrPort())
-	}
-	u := &upstreamResolverBase{
-		domain: domain.Domain(d),
-		cancel: func() {},
-	}
-	u.addRace(srvs)
-	return u
-}
-
-func TestUpdateDNSServer(t *testing.T) {
-
-	nameServers := []nbdns.NameServer{
-		{
-			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.8.8"),
-			NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
-			Port:   53,
-		},
-		{
-			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.4.4"),
-			NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
-			Port:   53,
-		},
-	}
-
-	dummyHandler := local.NewResolver()
-
-	testCases := []struct {
-		name                string
-		initUpstreamMap     registeredHandlerMap
-		initLocalZones      []nbdns.CustomZone
-		initSerial          uint64
-		inputSerial         uint64
-		inputUpdate         nbdns.Config
-		shouldFail          bool
-		expectedUpstreamMap registeredHandlerMap
-		expectedLocalQs     []dns.Question
-	}{
-		{
-			name:            "Initial Config Should Succeed",
-			initUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
-			initSerial:      0,
-			inputSerial:     1,
-			inputUpdate: nbdns.Config{
-				ServiceEnable: true,
-				CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
-					{
-						Domain:  "netbird.cloud",
-						Records: zoneRecords,
-					},
-				},
-				NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
-					{
-						Domains:     []string{"netbird.io"},
-						NameServers: nameServers,
-					},
-					{
-						NameServers: nameServers,
-						Primary:     true,
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			expectedUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{
-				generateDummyHandler("netbird.io", nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
-					domain:   "netbird.io",
-					handler:  dummyHandler,
-					priority: PriorityUpstream,
-				},
-				dummyHandler.ID(): handlerWrapper{
-					domain:   "netbird.cloud",
-					handler:  dummyHandler,
-					priority: PriorityLocal,
-				},
-				generateDummyHandler(".", nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
-					domain:   nbdns.RootZone,
-					handler:  dummyHandler,
-					priority: PriorityDefault,
-				},
-			},
-			expectedLocalQs: []dns.Question{{Name: "peera.netbird.cloud.", Qtype: dns.TypeA, Qclass: dns.ClassINET}},
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "New Config Should Succeed",
-			initLocalZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{{Domain: "netbird.cloud", Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{{Name: "netbird.cloud", Type: 1, Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"}}}},
-			initUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{
-				generateDummyHandler(zoneRecords[0].Name, nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
-					domain:   "netbird.cloud",
-					handler:  dummyHandler,
-					priority: PriorityUpstream,
-				},
-			},
-			initSerial:  0,
-			inputSerial: 1,
-			inputUpdate: nbdns.Config{
-				ServiceEnable: true,
-				CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
-					{
-						Domain:  "netbird.cloud",
-						Records: zoneRecords,
-					},
-				},
-				NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
-					{
-						Domains:     []string{"netbird.io"},
-						NameServers: nameServers,
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			expectedUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{
-				generateDummyHandler("netbird.io", nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
-					domain:   "netbird.io",
-					handler:  dummyHandler,
-					priority: PriorityUpstream,
-				},
-				"local-resolver": handlerWrapper{
-					domain:   "netbird.cloud",
-					handler:  dummyHandler,
-					priority: PriorityLocal,
-				},
-			},
-			expectedLocalQs: []dns.Question{{Name: zoneRecords[0].Name, Qtype: 1, Qclass: 1}},
-		},
-		{
-			name:            "Smaller Config Serial Should Be Skipped",
-			initLocalZones:  []nbdns.CustomZone{},
-			initUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
-			initSerial:      2,
-			inputSerial:     1,
-			shouldFail:      true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:            "Empty NS Group Domain Or Not Primary Element Should Fail",
-			initLocalZones:  []nbdns.CustomZone{},
-			initUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
-			initSerial:      0,
-			inputSerial:     1,
-			inputUpdate: nbdns.Config{
-				ServiceEnable: true,
-				CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
-					{
-						Domain:  "netbird.cloud",
-						Records: zoneRecords,
-					},
-				},
-				NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
-					{
-						NameServers: nameServers,
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			shouldFail: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:            "Invalid NS Group Nameservers list Should Fail",
-			initLocalZones:  []nbdns.CustomZone{},
-			initUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
-			initSerial:      0,
-			inputSerial:     1,
-			inputUpdate: nbdns.Config{
-				ServiceEnable: true,
-				CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
-					{
-						Domain:  "netbird.cloud",
-						Records: zoneRecords,
-					},
-				},
-				NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
-					{
-						NameServers: nameServers,
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			shouldFail: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:            "Invalid Custom Zone Records list Should Skip",
-			initLocalZones:  []nbdns.CustomZone{},
-			initUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
-			initSerial:      0,
-			inputSerial:     1,
-			inputUpdate: nbdns.Config{
-				ServiceEnable: true,
-				CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
-					{
-						Domain: "netbird.cloud",
-					},
-				},
-				NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
-					{
-						NameServers: nameServers,
-						Primary:     true,
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			expectedUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{generateDummyHandler(".", nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
-				domain:   ".",
-				handler:  dummyHandler,
-				priority: PriorityDefault,
-			}},
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "Empty Config Should Succeed and Clean Maps",
-			initLocalZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{{Domain: "netbird.cloud", Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{{Name: "netbird.cloud", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"}}}},
-			initUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{
-				generateDummyHandler(zoneRecords[0].Name, nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
-					domain:   zoneRecords[0].Name,
-					handler:  dummyHandler,
-					priority: PriorityUpstream,
-				},
-			},
-			initSerial:          0,
-			inputSerial:         1,
-			inputUpdate:         nbdns.Config{ServiceEnable: true},
-			expectedUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
-			expectedLocalQs:     []dns.Question{},
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "Disabled Service Should clean map",
-			initLocalZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{{Domain: "netbird.cloud", Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{{Name: "netbird.cloud", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"}}}},
-			initUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{
-				generateDummyHandler(zoneRecords[0].Name, nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
-					domain:   zoneRecords[0].Name,
-					handler:  dummyHandler,
-					priority: PriorityUpstream,
-				},
-			},
-			initSerial:          0,
-			inputSerial:         1,
-			inputUpdate:         nbdns.Config{ServiceEnable: false},
-			expectedUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
-			expectedLocalQs:     []dns.Question{},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for n, testCase := range testCases {
-		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			privKey, _ := wgtypes.GenerateKey()
-			newNet, err := stdnet.NewNet(context.Background(), nil)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-
-			opts := iface.WGIFaceOpts{
-				IFaceName:    fmt.Sprintf("utun230%d", n),
-				Address:      wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress(fmt.Sprintf("100.66.100.%d/32", n+1)),
-				WGPort:       33100,
-				WGPrivKey:    privKey.String(),
-				MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
-				TransportNet: newNet,
-			}
-
-			wgIface, err := iface.NewWGIFace(opts)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			err = wgIface.Create()
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			defer func() {
-				err = wgIface.Close()
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Log(err)
-				}
-			}()
-			dnsServer, err := NewDefaultServer(context.Background(), DefaultServerConfig{
-				WgInterface:    wgIface,
-				CustomAddress:  "",
-				StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("mgm"),
-				StateManager:   nil,
-				DisableSys:     false,
-			})
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			err = dnsServer.Initialize()
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			defer func() {
-				err = dnsServer.hostManager.restoreHostDNS()
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Log(err)
-				}
-			}()
-
-			dnsServer.dnsMuxMap = testCase.initUpstreamMap
-			dnsServer.localResolver.Update(testCase.initLocalZones)
-			dnsServer.updateSerial = testCase.initSerial
-
-			err = dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(testCase.inputSerial, testCase.inputUpdate)
-			if err != nil {
-				if testCase.shouldFail {
-					return
-				}
-				t.Fatalf("update dns server should not fail, got error: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			if len(dnsServer.dnsMuxMap) != len(testCase.expectedUpstreamMap) {
-				t.Fatalf("update upstream failed, map size is different than expected, want %d, got %d", len(testCase.expectedUpstreamMap), len(dnsServer.dnsMuxMap))
-			}
-
-			for key := range testCase.expectedUpstreamMap {
-				_, found := dnsServer.dnsMuxMap[key]
-				if !found {
-					t.Fatalf("update upstream failed, key %s was not found in the dnsMuxMap: %#v", key, dnsServer.dnsMuxMap)
-				}
-			}
-
-			var responseMSG *dns.Msg
-			responseWriter := &test.MockResponseWriter{
-				WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error {
-					responseMSG = m
-					return nil
-				},
-			}
-			for _, q := range testCase.expectedLocalQs {
-				dnsServer.localResolver.ServeDNS(responseWriter, &dns.Msg{
-					Question: []dns.Question{q},
-				})
-			}
-
-			if len(testCase.expectedLocalQs) > 0 {
-				assert.NotNil(t, responseMSG, "response message should not be nil")
-				assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, responseMSG.Rcode, "response code should be success")
-				assert.NotEmpty(t, responseMSG.Answer, "response message should have answers")
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDNSFakeResolverHandleUpdates(t *testing.T) {
-	ov := os.Getenv("NB_WG_KERNEL_DISABLED")
-	defer t.Setenv("NB_WG_KERNEL_DISABLED", ov)
-
-	t.Setenv("NB_WG_KERNEL_DISABLED", "true")
-	newNet, err := stdnet.NewNet(context.Background(), []string{"utun2301"})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("create stdnet: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	privKey, _ := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
-	opts := iface.WGIFaceOpts{
-		IFaceName:    "utun2301",
-		Address:      wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.66.100.1/32"),
-		WGPort:       33100,
-		WGPrivKey:    privKey.String(),
-		MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
-		TransportNet: newNet,
-	}
-	wgIface, err := iface.NewWGIFace(opts)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("build interface wireguard: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	err = wgIface.Create()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("create and init wireguard interface: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		if err = wgIface.Close(); err != nil {
-			t.Logf("close wireguard interface: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
-	defer ctrl.Finish()
-
-	packetfilter := pfmock.NewMockPacketFilter(ctrl)
-	packetfilter.EXPECT().FilterOutbound(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).AnyTimes()
-	packetfilter.EXPECT().SetUDPPacketHook(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).AnyTimes()
-	packetfilter.EXPECT().SetTCPPacketHook(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).AnyTimes()
-
-	if err := wgIface.SetFilter(packetfilter); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("set packet filter: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	dnsServer, err := NewDefaultServer(context.Background(), DefaultServerConfig{
-		WgInterface:    wgIface,
-		CustomAddress:  "",
-		StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("mgm"),
-		StateManager:   nil,
-		DisableSys:     false,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("create DNS server: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	err = dnsServer.Initialize()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("run DNS server: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		if err = dnsServer.hostManager.restoreHostDNS(); err != nil {
-			t.Logf("restore DNS settings on the host: %v", err)
-			return
-		}
-	}()
-
-	dnsServer.dnsMuxMap = registeredHandlerMap{
-		"id1": handlerWrapper{
-			domain:   zoneRecords[0].Name,
-			handler:  &local.Resolver{},
-			priority: PriorityUpstream,
-		},
-	}
-	dnsServer.localResolver.Update([]nbdns.CustomZone{{Domain: "netbird.cloud", Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{{Name: "netbird.cloud", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"}}}})
-	dnsServer.updateSerial = 0
-
-	nameServers := []nbdns.NameServer{
-		{
-			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.8.8"),
-			NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
-			Port:   53,
-		},
-		{
-			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.4.4"),
-			NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
-			Port:   53,
-		},
-	}
-
-	update := nbdns.Config{
-		ServiceEnable: true,
-		CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
-			{
-				Domain:  "netbird.cloud",
-				Records: zoneRecords,
-			},
-		},
-		NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
-			{
-				Domains:     []string{"netbird.io"},
-				NameServers: nameServers,
-			},
-			{
-				NameServers: nameServers,
-				Primary:     true,
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	// Start the server with regular configuration
-	if err := dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(1, update); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("update dns server should not fail, got error: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	update2 := update
-	update2.ServiceEnable = false
-	// Disable the server, stop the listener
-	if err := dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(2, update2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("update dns server should not fail, got error: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	update3 := update2
-	update3.NameServerGroups = update3.NameServerGroups[:1]
-	// But service still get updates and we checking that we handle
-	// internal state in the right way
-	if err := dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(3, update3); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("update dns server should not fail, got error: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-}
-
 func TestDNSServerStartStop(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name     string

client/internal/engine.go

@@ -880,62 +880,25 @@ func (e *Engine) handleSync(update *mgmProto.SyncResponse) error {
 		e.handleAutoUpdateVersion(update.NetworkMap.PeerConfig.AutoUpdate)
 	}
 
-	if update.GetNetbirdConfig() != nil {
-		wCfg := update.GetNetbirdConfig()
-		err := e.updateTURNs(wCfg.GetTurns())
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("update TURNs: %w", err)
-		}
+	if err := e.updateNetbirdConfig(update.GetNetbirdConfig()); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
-		err = e.updateSTUNs(wCfg.GetStuns())
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("update STUNs: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		var stunTurn []*stun.URI
-		stunTurn = append(stunTurn, e.STUNs...)
-		stunTurn = append(stunTurn, e.TURNs...)
-		e.stunTurn.Store(stunTurn)
-
-		err = e.handleRelayUpdate(wCfg.GetRelay())
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		err = e.handleFlowUpdate(wCfg.GetFlow())
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("handle the flow configuration: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		if err := e.PopulateNetbirdConfig(wCfg, nil); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("Failed to update DNS server config: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		// todo update signal
+	// Posture checks are bound to the network map presence:
+	//   NetworkMap != nil, checks present -> apply the received checks
+	//   NetworkMap != nil, checks nil     -> posture checks were removed, clear them
+	//   NetworkMap == nil                 -> config-only update (e.g. relay token rotation),
+	//                                        leave the previously applied checks untouched
+	nm := update.GetNetworkMap()
+	if nm == nil {
+		return nil
 	}
 
 	if err := e.updateChecksIfNew(update.Checks); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	nm := update.GetNetworkMap()
-	if nm == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// Persist sync response under the dedicated lock (syncRespMux), not under syncMsgMux.
-	// A non-nil syncStore is what marks persistence as enabled. Hold the lock for
-	// the whole Set so the store cannot be cleared (disabled / engine close)
-	// mid-call and have this write resurrect a file that was just removed.
-	e.syncRespMux.RLock()
-	if e.syncStore != nil {
-		if err := e.syncStore.Set(update); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to persist sync response: %v", err)
-		} else {
-			log.Debugf("sync response persisted with serial %d", nm.GetSerial())
-		}
-	}
-	e.syncRespMux.RUnlock()
+	e.persistSyncResponse(update)
 
 	// only apply new changes and ignore old ones
 	if err := e.updateNetworkMap(nm); err != nil {
@@ -947,6 +910,64 @@ func (e *Engine) handleSync(update *mgmProto.SyncResponse) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// updateNetbirdConfig applies the management-provided NetBird configuration:
+// STUN/TURN and relay servers, flow logging and DNS settings. A nil config is a no-op,
+// which is the case for sync updates carrying only a network map.
+func (e *Engine) updateNetbirdConfig(wCfg *mgmProto.NetbirdConfig) error {
+	if wCfg == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := e.updateTURNs(wCfg.GetTurns()); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("update TURNs: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := e.updateSTUNs(wCfg.GetStuns()); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("update STUNs: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var stunTurn []*stun.URI
+	stunTurn = append(stunTurn, e.STUNs...)
+	stunTurn = append(stunTurn, e.TURNs...)
+	e.stunTurn.Store(stunTurn)
+
+	if err := e.handleRelayUpdate(wCfg.GetRelay()); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := e.handleFlowUpdate(wCfg.GetFlow()); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("handle the flow configuration: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := e.PopulateNetbirdConfig(wCfg, nil); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("Failed to update DNS server config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// todo update signal
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// persistSyncResponse stores the full sync response so it can be restored on the next
+// startup. Persistence is enabled only when syncStore is set. The dedicated syncRespMux
+// (not syncMsgMux) is held for the whole Set so the store cannot be cleared (disabled /
+// engine close) mid-call and have this write resurrect a file that was just removed.
+func (e *Engine) persistSyncResponse(update *mgmProto.SyncResponse) {
+	e.syncRespMux.RLock()
+	defer e.syncRespMux.RUnlock()
+
+	if e.syncStore == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := e.syncStore.Set(update); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to persist sync response: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("sync response persisted with serial %d", update.GetNetworkMap().GetSerial())
+}
+
 func (e *Engine) handleRelayUpdate(update *mgmProto.RelayConfig) error {
 	if update != nil {
 		// when we receive token we expect valid address list too

client/internal/engine_privileged_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,565 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
+	nbgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	nbcache "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/groups"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/port_forwarding"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/job"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/permissions"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	mgmt "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client"
+	mgmtProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	relayClient "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client"
+	signal "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/client"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/proto"
+	signalServer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/signal/server"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+)
+
+func TestEngine_SSH(t *testing.T) {
+	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	sshKey, err := nbssh.GeneratePrivateKey(nbssh.ED25519)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	relayMgr := relayClient.NewManager(ctx, nil, key.PublicKey().String(), iface.DefaultMTU)
+	engine := NewEngine(
+		ctx, cancel,
+		&EngineConfig{
+			WgIfaceName:      "utun101",
+			WgAddr:           wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.64.0.1/24"),
+			WgPrivateKey:     key,
+			WgPort:           33100,
+			ServerSSHAllowed: true,
+			MTU:              iface.DefaultMTU,
+			SSHKey:           sshKey,
+		},
+		EngineServices{
+			SignalClient:   &signal.MockClient{},
+			MgmClient:      &mgmt.MockClient{},
+			RelayManager:   relayMgr,
+			StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"),
+		},
+		MobileDependency{},
+	)
+
+	engine.dnsServer = &dns.MockServer{
+		UpdateDNSServerFunc: func(serial uint64, update nbdns.Config) error { return nil },
+	}
+
+	err = engine.Start(nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	defer func() {
+		err := engine.Stop()
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+	}()
+
+	peerWithSSH := &mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{
+		WgPubKey:   "MNHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX7+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LfhU=",
+		AllowedIps: []string{"100.64.0.21/24"},
+		SshConfig: &mgmtProto.SSHConfig{
+			SshPubKey: []byte("ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIFATYCqaQw/9id1Qkq3n16JYhDhXraI6Pc1fgB8ynEfQ"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	// SSH server is not enabled so SSH config of a remote peer should be ignored
+	networkMap := &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
+		Serial:             6,
+		PeerConfig:         nil,
+		RemotePeers:        []*mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{peerWithSSH},
+		RemotePeersIsEmpty: false,
+	}
+
+	err = engine.updateNetworkMap(networkMap)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Nil(t, engine.sshServer)
+
+	// SSH server is enabled, therefore SSH config should be applied
+	networkMap = &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
+		Serial: 7,
+		PeerConfig: &mgmtProto.PeerConfig{Address: "100.64.0.1/24",
+			SshConfig: &mgmtProto.SSHConfig{
+				SshEnabled: true,
+				JwtConfig: &mgmtProto.JWTConfig{
+					Issuer:       "test-issuer",
+					Audience:     "test-audience",
+					KeysLocation: "test-keys",
+					MaxTokenAge:  3600,
+				},
+			}},
+		RemotePeers:        []*mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{peerWithSSH},
+		RemotePeersIsEmpty: false,
+	}
+
+	err = engine.updateNetworkMap(networkMap)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	time.Sleep(250 * time.Millisecond)
+	assert.NotNil(t, engine.sshServer)
+
+	// now remove peer
+	networkMap = &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
+		Serial:             8,
+		RemotePeers:        []*mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{},
+		RemotePeersIsEmpty: false,
+	}
+
+	err = engine.updateNetworkMap(networkMap)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// time.Sleep(250 * time.Millisecond)
+	assert.NotNil(t, engine.sshServer)
+
+	// now disable SSH server
+	networkMap = &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
+		Serial: 9,
+		PeerConfig: &mgmtProto.PeerConfig{Address: "100.64.0.1/24",
+			SshConfig: &mgmtProto.SSHConfig{SshEnabled: false}},
+		RemotePeers:        []*mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{peerWithSSH},
+		RemotePeersIsEmpty: false,
+	}
+
+	err = engine.updateNetworkMap(networkMap)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Nil(t, engine.sshServer)
+}
+
+func TestEngine_Sync(t *testing.T) {
+	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// feed updates to Engine via mocked Management client
+	updates := make(chan *mgmtProto.SyncResponse)
+	defer close(updates)
+	syncFunc := func(ctx context.Context, info *system.Info, msgHandler func(msg *mgmtProto.SyncResponse) error) error {
+		for msg := range updates {
+			err := msgHandler(msg)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	relayMgr := relayClient.NewManager(ctx, nil, key.PublicKey().String(), iface.DefaultMTU)
+	engine := NewEngine(ctx, cancel, &EngineConfig{
+		WgIfaceName:  "utun103",
+		WgAddr:       wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.64.0.1/24"),
+		WgPrivateKey: key,
+		WgPort:       33100,
+		MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
+	}, EngineServices{
+		SignalClient:   &signal.MockClient{},
+		MgmClient:      &mgmt.MockClient{SyncFunc: syncFunc},
+		RelayManager:   relayMgr,
+		StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"),
+	}, MobileDependency{})
+	engine.ctx = ctx
+
+	engine.dnsServer = &dns.MockServer{
+		UpdateDNSServerFunc: func(serial uint64, update nbdns.Config) error { return nil },
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		err := engine.Stop()
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+	}()
+
+	err = engine.Start(nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	peer1 := &mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{
+		WgPubKey:   "RRHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX7+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LfhU=",
+		AllowedIps: []string{"100.64.0.10/24"},
+	}
+	peer2 := &mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{
+		WgPubKey:   "LLHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX9+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LlhU=",
+		AllowedIps: []string{"100.64.0.11/24"},
+	}
+	peer3 := &mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{
+		WgPubKey:   "GGHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX9+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LlhU=",
+		AllowedIps: []string{"100.64.0.12/24"},
+	}
+	// 1st update with just 1 peer and serial larger than the current serial of the engine => apply update
+	updates <- &mgmtProto.SyncResponse{
+		NetworkMap: &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
+			Serial:             10,
+			PeerConfig:         nil,
+			RemotePeers:        []*mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{peer1, peer2, peer3},
+			RemotePeersIsEmpty: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	timeout := time.After(time.Second * 2)
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-timeout:
+			t.Fatalf("timeout while waiting for test to finish")
+			return
+		default:
+		}
+
+		if getPeers(engine) == 3 && engine.networkSerial == 10 {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEngine_MultiplePeers(t *testing.T) {
+	// log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(CtxInitState(context.Background()))
+	defer cancel()
+
+	sigServer, signalAddr, err := startSignal(t)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer sigServer.Stop()
+	mgmtServer, mgmtAddr, err := startManagement(t, t.TempDir(), "../testdata/store.sql")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer mgmtServer.GracefulStop()
+
+	setupKey := "A2C8E62B-38F5-4553-B31E-DD66C696CEBB"
+
+	mu := sync.Mutex{}
+	engines := []*Engine{}
+	numPeers := 10
+	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
+	wg.Add(numPeers)
+	// create and start peers
+	for i := 0; i < numPeers; i++ {
+		j := i
+		go func() {
+			engine, err := createEngine(ctx, cancel, setupKey, j, mgmtAddr, signalAddr)
+			if err != nil {
+				wg.Done()
+				t.Errorf("unable to create the engine for peer %d with error %v", j, err)
+				return
+			}
+			engine.dnsServer = &dns.MockServer{}
+			mu.Lock()
+			defer mu.Unlock()
+			guid := fmt.Sprintf("{%s}", uuid.New().String())
+			device.CustomWindowsGUIDString = strings.ToLower(guid)
+			err = engine.Start(nil, nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("unable to start engine for peer %d with error %v", j, err)
+				wg.Done()
+				return
+			}
+			engines = append(engines, engine)
+			wg.Done()
+		}()
+	}
+
+	// wait until all have been created and started
+	wg.Wait()
+	if len(engines) != numPeers {
+		t.Fatal("not all peers was started")
+	}
+	// check whether all the peer have expected peers connected
+
+	expectedConnected := numPeers * (numPeers - 1)
+
+	// adjust according to timeouts
+	timeout := 50 * time.Second
+	timeoutChan := time.After(timeout)
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+loop:
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-timeoutChan:
+			t.Fatalf("waiting for expected connections timeout after %s", timeout.String())
+			break loop
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			totalConnected := 0
+			for _, engine := range engines {
+				totalConnected += getConnectedPeers(engine)
+			}
+			if totalConnected == expectedConnected {
+				log.Infof("total connected=%d", totalConnected)
+				break loop
+			}
+			log.Infof("total connected=%d", totalConnected)
+		}
+	}
+	// cleanup test
+	for n, peerEngine := range engines {
+		t.Logf("stopping peer with interface %s from multipeer test, loopIndex %d", peerEngine.wgInterface.Name(), n)
+		errStop := peerEngine.mgmClient.Close()
+		if errStop != nil {
+			log.Infoln("got error trying to close management clients from engine: ", errStop)
+		}
+		errStop = peerEngine.Stop()
+		if errStop != nil {
+			log.Infoln("got error trying to close testing peers engine: ", errStop)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+var (
+	kaep = keepalive.EnforcementPolicy{
+		MinTime:             15 * time.Second,
+		PermitWithoutStream: true,
+	}
+
+	kasp = keepalive.ServerParameters{
+		MaxConnectionIdle:     15 * time.Second,
+		MaxConnectionAgeGrace: 5 * time.Second,
+		Time:                  5 * time.Second,
+		Timeout:               2 * time.Second,
+	}
+)
+
+func createEngine(ctx context.Context, cancel context.CancelFunc, setupKey string, i int, mgmtAddr string, signalAddr string) (*Engine, error) {
+	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	mgmtClient, err := mgmt.NewClient(ctx, mgmtAddr, key, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	signalClient, err := signal.NewClient(ctx, signalAddr, key, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	info := system.GetInfo(ctx)
+	resp, err := mgmtClient.Register(setupKey, "", info, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var ifaceName string
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+		ifaceName = fmt.Sprintf("utun1%d", i)
+	} else {
+		ifaceName = fmt.Sprintf("wt%d", i)
+	}
+
+	wgPort := 33100 + i
+	conf := &EngineConfig{
+		WgIfaceName:  ifaceName,
+		WgAddr:       wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress(resp.PeerConfig.Address),
+		WgPrivateKey: key,
+		WgPort:       wgPort,
+		MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
+	}
+
+	relayMgr := relayClient.NewManager(ctx, nil, key.PublicKey().String(), iface.DefaultMTU)
+	e, err := NewEngine(ctx, cancel, conf, EngineServices{
+		SignalClient:   signalClient,
+		MgmClient:      mgmtClient,
+		RelayManager:   relayMgr,
+		StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"),
+	}, MobileDependency{}), nil
+	e.ctx = ctx
+	return e, err
+}
+
+func startSignal(t *testing.T) (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	s := grpc.NewServer(grpc.KeepaliveEnforcementPolicy(kaep), grpc.KeepaliveParams(kasp))
+
+	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	srv, err := signalServer.NewServer(context.Background(), otel.Meter(""))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	proto.RegisterSignalExchangeServer(s, srv)
+
+	go func() {
+		if err = s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("failed to serve: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return s, lis.Addr().String(), nil
+}
+
+func startManagement(t *testing.T, dataDir, testFile string) (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	config := &config.Config{
+		Stuns:      []*config.Host{},
+		TURNConfig: &config.TURNConfig{},
+		Relay: &config.Relay{
+			Addresses:      []string{"127.0.0.1:1234"},
+			CredentialsTTL: util.Duration{Duration: time.Hour},
+			Secret:         "222222222222222222",
+		},
+		Signal: &config.Host{
+			Proto: "http",
+			URI:   "localhost:10000",
+		},
+		Datadir:    dataDir,
+		HttpConfig: nil,
+	}
+
+	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	s := grpc.NewServer(grpc.KeepaliveEnforcementPolicy(kaep), grpc.KeepaliveParams(kasp))
+
+	store, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), testFile, config.Datadir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
+
+	eventStore := &activity.InMemoryEventStore{}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+
+	permissionsManager := permissions.NewManager(store)
+	peersManager := peers.NewManager(store, permissionsManager)
+	jobManager := job.NewJobManager(nil, store, peersManager)
+
+	cacheStore, err := nbcache.NewStore(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond, 300*time.Millisecond, 100)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+
+	ia, _ := validator.NewIntegratedValidator(context.Background(), peersManager, nil, eventStore, cacheStore)
+
+	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	t.Cleanup(ctrl.Finish)
+	settingsMockManager := settings.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	settingsMockManager.EXPECT().
+		GetSettings(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
+		Return(&types.Settings{}, nil).
+		AnyTimes()
+	settingsMockManager.EXPECT().
+		GetExtraSettings(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
+		Return(&types.ExtraSettings{}, nil).
+		AnyTimes()
+
+	groupsManager := groups.NewManagerMock()
+
+	updateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
+	requestBuffer := server.NewAccountRequestBuffer(context.Background(), store)
+	networkMapController := controller.NewController(context.Background(), store, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.selfhosted", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peersManager), config)
+	accountManager, err := server.BuildManager(context.Background(), config, store, networkMapController, jobManager, nil, "", eventStore, nil, false, ia, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManager, false, cacheStore)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+
+	secretsManager, err := nbgrpc.NewTimeBasedAuthSecretsManager(updateManager, config.TURNConfig, config.Relay, settingsMockManager, groupsManager)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(config, accountManager, settingsMockManager, jobManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, &server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	mgmtProto.RegisterManagementServiceServer(s, mgmtServer)
+	go func() {
+		if err = s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("failed to serve: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return s, lis.Addr().String(), nil
+}
+
+// getConnectedPeers returns a connection Status or nil if peer connection wasn't found
+func getConnectedPeers(e *Engine) int {
+	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
+	defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
+	i := 0
+	for _, id := range e.peerStore.PeersPubKey() {
+		conn, _ := e.peerStore.PeerConn(id)
+		if conn.IsConnected() {
+			i++
+		}
+	}
+	return i
+}
+
+func getPeers(e *Engine) int {
+	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
+	defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
+
+	return len(e.peerStore.PeersPubKey())
+}

client/internal/engine_test.go

@@ -6,37 +6,18 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
-	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
-	"github.com/google/uuid"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
 	wgdevice "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/netstack"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/stdnet"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/job"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral/manager"
-	nbgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/groups"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/configurer"
@@ -50,18 +31,7 @@ import (
 	icemaker "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/ice"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager"
-	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
-	nbcache "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/port_forwarding"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/permissions"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/monotime"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	mgmt "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client"
@@ -69,25 +39,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/netiputil"
 	relayClient "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client"
 	signal "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/client"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/proto"
-	signalServer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/signal/server"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 )
 
-var (
-	kaep = keepalive.EnforcementPolicy{
-		MinTime:             15 * time.Second,
-		PermitWithoutStream: true,
-	}
-
-	kasp = keepalive.ServerParameters{
-		MaxConnectionIdle:     15 * time.Second,
-		MaxConnectionAgeGrace: 5 * time.Second,
-		Time:                  5 * time.Second,
-		Timeout:               2 * time.Second,
-	}
-)
-
 type MockWGIface struct {
 	CreateFunc                 func() error
 	CreateOnAndroidFunc        func(routeRange []string, ip string, domains []string) error
@@ -234,129 +188,6 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	os.Exit(code)
 }
 
-func TestEngine_SSH(t *testing.T) {
-	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	sshKey, err := nbssh.GeneratePrivateKey(nbssh.ED25519)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	defer cancel()
-
-	relayMgr := relayClient.NewManager(ctx, nil, key.PublicKey().String(), iface.DefaultMTU)
-	engine := NewEngine(
-		ctx, cancel,
-		&EngineConfig{
-			WgIfaceName:      "utun101",
-			WgAddr:           wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.64.0.1/24"),
-			WgPrivateKey:     key,
-			WgPort:           33100,
-			ServerSSHAllowed: true,
-			MTU:              iface.DefaultMTU,
-			SSHKey:           sshKey,
-		},
-		EngineServices{
-			SignalClient:   &signal.MockClient{},
-			MgmClient:      &mgmt.MockClient{},
-			RelayManager:   relayMgr,
-			StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"),
-		},
-		MobileDependency{},
-	)
-
-	engine.dnsServer = &dns.MockServer{
-		UpdateDNSServerFunc: func(serial uint64, update nbdns.Config) error { return nil },
-	}
-
-	err = engine.Start(nil, nil)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	defer func() {
-		err := engine.Stop()
-		if err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-	}()
-
-	peerWithSSH := &mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{
-		WgPubKey:   "MNHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX7+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LfhU=",
-		AllowedIps: []string{"100.64.0.21/24"},
-		SshConfig: &mgmtProto.SSHConfig{
-			SshPubKey: []byte("ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIFATYCqaQw/9id1Qkq3n16JYhDhXraI6Pc1fgB8ynEfQ"),
-		},
-	}
-
-	// SSH server is not enabled so SSH config of a remote peer should be ignored
-	networkMap := &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
-		Serial:             6,
-		PeerConfig:         nil,
-		RemotePeers:        []*mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{peerWithSSH},
-		RemotePeersIsEmpty: false,
-	}
-
-	err = engine.updateNetworkMap(networkMap)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.Nil(t, engine.sshServer)
-
-	// SSH server is enabled, therefore SSH config should be applied
-	networkMap = &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
-		Serial: 7,
-		PeerConfig: &mgmtProto.PeerConfig{Address: "100.64.0.1/24",
-			SshConfig: &mgmtProto.SSHConfig{
-				SshEnabled: true,
-				JwtConfig: &mgmtProto.JWTConfig{
-					Issuer:       "test-issuer",
-					Audience:     "test-audience",
-					KeysLocation: "test-keys",
-					MaxTokenAge:  3600,
-				},
-			}},
-		RemotePeers:        []*mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{peerWithSSH},
-		RemotePeersIsEmpty: false,
-	}
-
-	err = engine.updateNetworkMap(networkMap)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	time.Sleep(250 * time.Millisecond)
-	assert.NotNil(t, engine.sshServer)
-
-	// now remove peer
-	networkMap = &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
-		Serial:             8,
-		RemotePeers:        []*mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{},
-		RemotePeersIsEmpty: false,
-	}
-
-	err = engine.updateNetworkMap(networkMap)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// time.Sleep(250 * time.Millisecond)
-	assert.NotNil(t, engine.sshServer)
-
-	// now disable SSH server
-	networkMap = &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
-		Serial: 9,
-		PeerConfig: &mgmtProto.PeerConfig{Address: "100.64.0.1/24",
-			SshConfig: &mgmtProto.SSHConfig{SshEnabled: false}},
-		RemotePeers:        []*mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{peerWithSSH},
-		RemotePeersIsEmpty: false,
-	}
-
-	err = engine.updateNetworkMap(networkMap)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.Nil(t, engine.sshServer)
-}
-
 func TestEngine_SSHUpdateLogic(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test that SSH server start/stop logic works based on config
 	engine := &Engine{
@@ -631,97 +462,6 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestEngine_Sync(t *testing.T) {
-	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	defer cancel()
-
-	// feed updates to Engine via mocked Management client
-	updates := make(chan *mgmtProto.SyncResponse)
-	defer close(updates)
-	syncFunc := func(ctx context.Context, info *system.Info, msgHandler func(msg *mgmtProto.SyncResponse) error) error {
-		for msg := range updates {
-			err := msgHandler(msg)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-	relayMgr := relayClient.NewManager(ctx, nil, key.PublicKey().String(), iface.DefaultMTU)
-	engine := NewEngine(ctx, cancel, &EngineConfig{
-		WgIfaceName:  "utun103",
-		WgAddr:       wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.64.0.1/24"),
-		WgPrivateKey: key,
-		WgPort:       33100,
-		MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
-	}, EngineServices{
-		SignalClient:   &signal.MockClient{},
-		MgmClient:      &mgmt.MockClient{SyncFunc: syncFunc},
-		RelayManager:   relayMgr,
-		StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"),
-	}, MobileDependency{})
-	engine.ctx = ctx
-
-	engine.dnsServer = &dns.MockServer{
-		UpdateDNSServerFunc: func(serial uint64, update nbdns.Config) error { return nil },
-	}
-
-	defer func() {
-		err := engine.Stop()
-		if err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-	}()
-
-	err = engine.Start(nil, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	peer1 := &mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{
-		WgPubKey:   "RRHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX7+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LfhU=",
-		AllowedIps: []string{"100.64.0.10/24"},
-	}
-	peer2 := &mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{
-		WgPubKey:   "LLHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX9+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LlhU=",
-		AllowedIps: []string{"100.64.0.11/24"},
-	}
-	peer3 := &mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{
-		WgPubKey:   "GGHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX9+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LlhU=",
-		AllowedIps: []string{"100.64.0.12/24"},
-	}
-	// 1st update with just 1 peer and serial larger than the current serial of the engine => apply update
-	updates <- &mgmtProto.SyncResponse{
-		NetworkMap: &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
-			Serial:             10,
-			PeerConfig:         nil,
-			RemotePeers:        []*mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{peer1, peer2, peer3},
-			RemotePeersIsEmpty: false,
-		},
-	}
-
-	timeout := time.After(time.Second * 2)
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-timeout:
-			t.Fatalf("timeout while waiting for test to finish")
-			return
-		default:
-		}
-
-		if getPeers(engine) == 3 && engine.networkSerial == 10 {
-			break
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMapWithRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name                 string
@@ -1105,104 +845,6 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMapWithDNSUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestEngine_MultiplePeers(t *testing.T) {
-	// log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(CtxInitState(context.Background()))
-	defer cancel()
-
-	sigServer, signalAddr, err := startSignal(t)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-		return
-	}
-	defer sigServer.Stop()
-	mgmtServer, mgmtAddr, err := startManagement(t, t.TempDir(), "../testdata/store.sql")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-		return
-	}
-	defer mgmtServer.GracefulStop()
-
-	setupKey := "A2C8E62B-38F5-4553-B31E-DD66C696CEBB"
-
-	mu := sync.Mutex{}
-	engines := []*Engine{}
-	numPeers := 10
-	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
-	wg.Add(numPeers)
-	// create and start peers
-	for i := 0; i < numPeers; i++ {
-		j := i
-		go func() {
-			engine, err := createEngine(ctx, cancel, setupKey, j, mgmtAddr, signalAddr)
-			if err != nil {
-				wg.Done()
-				t.Errorf("unable to create the engine for peer %d with error %v", j, err)
-				return
-			}
-			engine.dnsServer = &dns.MockServer{}
-			mu.Lock()
-			defer mu.Unlock()
-			guid := fmt.Sprintf("{%s}", uuid.New().String())
-			device.CustomWindowsGUIDString = strings.ToLower(guid)
-			err = engine.Start(nil, nil)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("unable to start engine for peer %d with error %v", j, err)
-				wg.Done()
-				return
-			}
-			engines = append(engines, engine)
-			wg.Done()
-		}()
-	}
-
-	// wait until all have been created and started
-	wg.Wait()
-	if len(engines) != numPeers {
-		t.Fatal("not all peers was started")
-	}
-	// check whether all the peer have expected peers connected
-
-	expectedConnected := numPeers * (numPeers - 1)
-
-	// adjust according to timeouts
-	timeout := 50 * time.Second
-	timeoutChan := time.After(timeout)
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-loop:
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-timeoutChan:
-			t.Fatalf("waiting for expected connections timeout after %s", timeout.String())
-			break loop
-		case <-ticker.C:
-			totalConnected := 0
-			for _, engine := range engines {
-				totalConnected += getConnectedPeers(engine)
-			}
-			if totalConnected == expectedConnected {
-				log.Infof("total connected=%d", totalConnected)
-				break loop
-			}
-			log.Infof("total connected=%d", totalConnected)
-		}
-	}
-	// cleanup test
-	for n, peerEngine := range engines {
-		t.Logf("stopping peer with interface %s from multipeer test, loopIndex %d", peerEngine.wgInterface.Name(), n)
-		errStop := peerEngine.mgmClient.Close()
-		if errStop != nil {
-			log.Infoln("got error trying to close management clients from engine: ", errStop)
-		}
-		errStop = peerEngine.Stop()
-		if errStop != nil {
-			log.Infoln("got error trying to close testing peers engine: ", errStop)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func Test_ParseNATExternalIPMappings(t *testing.T) {
 	ifaceList, err := net.Interfaces()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1526,187 +1168,6 @@ func TestCompareNetIPLists(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func createEngine(ctx context.Context, cancel context.CancelFunc, setupKey string, i int, mgmtAddr string, signalAddr string) (*Engine, error) {
-	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	mgmtClient, err := mgmt.NewClient(ctx, mgmtAddr, key, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	signalClient, err := signal.NewClient(ctx, signalAddr, key, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	info := system.GetInfo(ctx)
-	resp, err := mgmtClient.Register(setupKey, "", info, nil, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	var ifaceName string
-	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
-		ifaceName = fmt.Sprintf("utun1%d", i)
-	} else {
-		ifaceName = fmt.Sprintf("wt%d", i)
-	}
-
-	wgPort := 33100 + i
-	conf := &EngineConfig{
-		WgIfaceName:  ifaceName,
-		WgAddr:       wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress(resp.PeerConfig.Address),
-		WgPrivateKey: key,
-		WgPort:       wgPort,
-		MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
-	}
-
-	relayMgr := relayClient.NewManager(ctx, nil, key.PublicKey().String(), iface.DefaultMTU)
-	e, err := NewEngine(ctx, cancel, conf, EngineServices{
-		SignalClient:   signalClient,
-		MgmClient:      mgmtClient,
-		RelayManager:   relayMgr,
-		StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"),
-	}, MobileDependency{}), nil
-	e.ctx = ctx
-	return e, err
-}
-
-func startSignal(t *testing.T) (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	s := grpc.NewServer(grpc.KeepaliveEnforcementPolicy(kaep), grpc.KeepaliveParams(kasp))
-
-	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	srv, err := signalServer.NewServer(context.Background(), otel.Meter(""))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	proto.RegisterSignalExchangeServer(s, srv)
-
-	go func() {
-		if err = s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("failed to serve: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	return s, lis.Addr().String(), nil
-}
-
-func startManagement(t *testing.T, dataDir, testFile string) (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	config := &config.Config{
-		Stuns:      []*config.Host{},
-		TURNConfig: &config.TURNConfig{},
-		Relay: &config.Relay{
-			Addresses:      []string{"127.0.0.1:1234"},
-			CredentialsTTL: util.Duration{Duration: time.Hour},
-			Secret:         "222222222222222222",
-		},
-		Signal: &config.Host{
-			Proto: "http",
-			URI:   "localhost:10000",
-		},
-		Datadir:    dataDir,
-		HttpConfig: nil,
-	}
-
-	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-	s := grpc.NewServer(grpc.KeepaliveEnforcementPolicy(kaep), grpc.KeepaliveParams(kasp))
-
-	store, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), testFile, config.Datadir)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
-
-	eventStore := &activity.InMemoryEventStore{}
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	permissionsManager := permissions.NewManager(store)
-	peersManager := peers.NewManager(store, permissionsManager)
-	jobManager := job.NewJobManager(nil, store, peersManager)
-
-	cacheStore, err := nbcache.NewStore(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond, 300*time.Millisecond, 100)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	ia, _ := validator.NewIntegratedValidator(context.Background(), peersManager, nil, eventStore, cacheStore)
-
-	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(context.Background())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
-	t.Cleanup(ctrl.Finish)
-	settingsMockManager := settings.NewMockManager(ctrl)
-	settingsMockManager.EXPECT().
-		GetSettings(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
-		Return(&types.Settings{}, nil).
-		AnyTimes()
-	settingsMockManager.EXPECT().
-		GetExtraSettings(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
-		Return(&types.ExtraSettings{}, nil).
-		AnyTimes()
-
-	groupsManager := groups.NewManagerMock()
-
-	updateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
-	requestBuffer := server.NewAccountRequestBuffer(context.Background(), store)
-	networkMapController := controller.NewController(context.Background(), store, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.selfhosted", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peersManager), config)
-	accountManager, err := server.BuildManager(context.Background(), config, store, networkMapController, jobManager, nil, "", eventStore, nil, false, ia, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManager, false, cacheStore)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	secretsManager, err := nbgrpc.NewTimeBasedAuthSecretsManager(updateManager, config.TURNConfig, config.Relay, settingsMockManager, groupsManager)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(config, accountManager, settingsMockManager, jobManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, &server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController, nil, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-	mgmtProto.RegisterManagementServiceServer(s, mgmtServer)
-	go func() {
-		if err = s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("failed to serve: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	return s, lis.Addr().String(), nil
-}
-
-// getConnectedPeers returns a connection Status or nil if peer connection wasn't found
-func getConnectedPeers(e *Engine) int {
-	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
-	defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
-	i := 0
-	for _, id := range e.peerStore.PeersPubKey() {
-		conn, _ := e.peerStore.PeerConn(id)
-		if conn.IsConnected() {
-			i++
-		}
-	}
-	return i
-}
-
-func getPeers(e *Engine) int {
-	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
-	defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
-
-	return len(e.peerStore.PeersPubKey())
-}
-
 func mustEncodePrefix(t *testing.T, p netip.Prefix) []byte {
 	t.Helper()
 	b, err := netiputil.EncodePrefix(p)

client/internal/peer/conn_status.go

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ type connStatusInputs struct {
 	iceInProgress       bool // a negotiation is currently in flight
 }
 
-
 // ConnStatus describe the status of a peer's connection
 type ConnStatus int32
 

client/internal/peer/status.go

@@ -193,6 +193,7 @@ func (s *StatusChangeSubscription) Events() chan map[string]RouterState {
 type Status struct {
 	mux                   sync.RWMutex
 	peers                 map[string]State
+	ipToKey               map[string]string
 	changeNotify          map[string]map[string]*StatusChangeSubscription // map[peerID]map[subscriptionID]*StatusChangeSubscription
 	signalState           bool
 	signalError           error
@@ -231,6 +232,7 @@ type Status struct {
 func NewRecorder(mgmAddress string) *Status {
 	return &Status{
 		peers:                 make(map[string]State),
+		ipToKey:               make(map[string]string),
 		changeNotify:          make(map[string]map[string]*StatusChangeSubscription),
 		eventStreams:          make(map[string]chan *proto.SystemEvent),
 		eventQueue:            NewEventQueue(eventQueueSize),
@@ -282,6 +284,12 @@ func (d *Status) AddPeer(peerPubKey string, fqdn string, ip string, ipv6 string)
 		Mux:        new(sync.RWMutex),
 	}
 	d.peerListChangedForNotification = true
+	if ipv6 != "" {
+		d.ipToKey[ipv6] = peerPubKey
+	}
+	if ip != "" {
+		d.ipToKey[ip] = peerPubKey
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -311,28 +319,22 @@ func (d *Status) PeerByIP(ip string) (string, bool) {
 
 // PeerStateByIP returns the full peer State for the given tunnel IP.
 // Matches against either the IPv4 (State.IP) or IPv6 (State.IPv6) tunnel
-// address so dual-stack peers are reachable on either family. Searches
-// both d.peers and d.offlinePeers — peers that have been moved into
-// the offline slice by ReplaceOfflinePeers are still part of the
-// account's roster and callers (DNS filter, embed.Client.IdentityForIP)
-// need to recognise them rather than treating them as unknown. Returns
-// the zero State and false when no peer matches or the input is empty.
+// address so dual-stack peers are reachable on either family. Only
+// active peers are matched; peers moved into the offline slice by
+// ReplaceOfflinePeers are intentionally treated as unknown.
 func (d *Status) PeerStateByIP(ip string) (State, bool) {
 	if ip == "" {
 		return State{}, false
 	}
 	d.mux.RLock()
 	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
-
-	for _, state := range d.peers {
-		if (state.IP != "" && state.IP == ip) || (state.IPv6 != "" && state.IPv6 == ip) {
-			return state, true
-		}
+	key, ok := d.ipToKey[ip]
+	if !ok {
+		return State{}, false
 	}
-	for _, state := range d.offlinePeers {
-		if (state.IP != "" && state.IP == ip) || (state.IPv6 != "" && state.IPv6 == ip) {
-			return state, true
-		}
+	state, ok := d.peers[key]
+	if ok {
+		return state, true
 	}
 	return State{}, false
 }
@@ -342,12 +344,18 @@ func (d *Status) RemovePeer(peerPubKey string) error {
 	d.mux.Lock()
 	defer d.mux.Unlock()
 
-	_, ok := d.peers[peerPubKey]
+	p, ok := d.peers[peerPubKey]
 	if !ok {
 		return errors.New("no peer with to remove")
 	}
 
 	delete(d.peers, peerPubKey)
+	if mappedKey, exists := d.ipToKey[p.IP]; exists && mappedKey == peerPubKey {
+		delete(d.ipToKey, p.IP)
+	}
+	if mappedKey, exists := d.ipToKey[p.IPv6]; exists && mappedKey == peerPubKey {
+		delete(d.ipToKey, p.IPv6)
+	}
 	d.peerListChangedForNotification = true
 	return nil
 }

client/internal/peer/status_test.go

@@ -90,12 +90,11 @@ func TestStatus_PeerStateByIP_MatchesIPv6(t *testing.T) {
 	req.Equal("pk-1", state.PubKey, "matching state must carry the right pub key")
 }
 
-// TestStatus_PeerStateByIP_MatchesOfflinePeers covers peers that have
-// been moved into the offline slice via ReplaceOfflinePeers. Callers
-// (DNS filter, embed.Client.IdentityForIP) need to treat them as known
-// rather than unknown — otherwise authentication / DNS filtering treats
-// known-but-offline peers as foreign IPs.
-func TestStatus_PeerStateByIP_MatchesOfflinePeers(t *testing.T) {
+// TestStatus_PeerStateByIP_IgnoresOfflinePeers documents that peers
+// moved into the offline slice via ReplaceOfflinePeers are intentionally
+// not resolvable by IP: only active peers can carry traffic, so callers
+// (DNS filter, embed.Client.IdentityForIP) treat them as unknown.
+func TestStatus_PeerStateByIP_IgnoresOfflinePeers(t *testing.T) {
 	status := NewRecorder("https://mgm")
 	req := require.New(t)
 
@@ -103,13 +102,31 @@ func TestStatus_PeerStateByIP_MatchesOfflinePeers(t *testing.T) {
 		{PubKey: "pk-offline", FQDN: "offline.netbird", IP: "100.64.0.20", IPv6: "fd00::20"},
 	})
 
-	state, ok := status.PeerStateByIP("100.64.0.20")
-	req.True(ok, "offline peer must resolve by IPv4 tunnel address")
-	req.Equal("pk-offline", state.PubKey, "matching state must carry the offline peer's pub key")
+	_, ok := status.PeerStateByIP("100.64.0.20")
+	req.False(ok, "offline peer must not resolve by IPv4 tunnel address")
 
-	state, ok = status.PeerStateByIP("fd00::20")
-	req.True(ok, "offline peer must resolve by IPv6 tunnel address")
-	req.Equal("pk-offline", state.PubKey, "IPv6 match must carry the offline peer's pub key")
+	_, ok = status.PeerStateByIP("fd00::20")
+	req.False(ok, "offline peer must not resolve by IPv6 tunnel address")
+}
+
+// TestStatus_PeerStateByIP_RemovedPeer verifies RemovePeer drops the
+// IP index entries for both address families.
+func TestStatus_PeerStateByIP_RemovedPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	status := NewRecorder("https://mgm")
+	req := require.New(t)
+
+	req.NoError(status.AddPeer("pk-1", "peer-1.netbird", "100.64.0.10", "fd00::1"))
+
+	_, ok := status.PeerStateByIP("100.64.0.10")
+	req.True(ok, "active peer must resolve before removal")
+
+	req.NoError(status.RemovePeer("pk-1"))
+
+	_, ok = status.PeerStateByIP("100.64.0.10")
+	req.False(ok, "removed peer must not resolve by IPv4 tunnel address")
+
+	_, ok = status.PeerStateByIP("fd00::1")
+	req.False(ok, "removed peer must not resolve by IPv6 tunnel address")
 }
 
 func TestStatus_UpdatePeerFQDN(t *testing.T) {

client/internal/profilemanager/config.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/dynamic"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 	mgm "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
@@ -57,6 +58,10 @@ var DefaultInterfaceBlacklist = []string{
 	"Tailscale", "tailscale", "docker", "veth", "br-", "lo",
 }
 
+// loadMDMPolicy is the package-level indirection used by apply() to read the
+// active MDM policy. Tests override this to inject a fake policy.
+var loadMDMPolicy = mdm.LoadPolicy
+
 // ConfigInput carries configuration changes to the client
 type ConfigInput struct {
 	ManagementURL                 string
@@ -174,6 +179,23 @@ type Config struct {
 	LazyConnectionEnabled bool
 
 	MTU uint16
+
+	// policy is the MDM policy that produced the currently-set values for
+	// any MDM-enforced fields. Set by applyMDMPolicy at the tail of apply()
+	// and reset on every apply() invocation. Never persisted to disk.
+	// Callers query enforcement state via Policy() and the mdm.Policy API
+	// (HasKey, ManagedKeys, IsEmpty).
+	policy *mdm.Policy `json:"-"`
+}
+
+// Policy returns the MDM policy applied to this Config. Returns a non-nil
+// empty Policy when MDM enforcement is inactive; callers can always invoke
+// HasKey / ManagedKeys / IsEmpty without a nil check.
+func (config *Config) Policy() *mdm.Policy {
+	if config == nil || config.policy == nil {
+		return mdm.NewPolicy(nil)
+	}
+	return config.policy
 }
 
 var ConfigDirOverride string
@@ -612,10 +634,93 @@ func (config *Config) apply(input ConfigInput) (updated bool, err error) {
 		updated = true
 	}
 
+	// MDM is the last override layer: any key present in the policy
+	// supersedes defaults, on-disk config, env vars and CLI input.
+	config.applyMDMPolicy(loadMDMPolicy())
+
 	return updated, nil
 }
 
-// parseURL parses and validates a service URL
+// applyMDMPolicy overlays MDM-supplied values on top of the resolved Config.
+// The provided Policy is also stored on the Config so callers can later query
+// which fields are enforced. Invalid values (e.g. malformed URLs) are logged
+// and skipped to avoid bricking the client; the field keeps its previous
+// resolved value but is still marked as managed (Policy.HasKey returns true
+// for the key, so per-field rejection of user writes still applies).
+func (config *Config) applyMDMPolicy(policy *mdm.Policy) {
+	config.policy = policy
+	if policy.IsEmpty() {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Helper: log the application of a single MDM-managed key. Values for
+	// keys in mdm.SecretKeys are redacted.
+	logApplied := func(key string, displayValue any) {
+		if _, secret := mdm.SecretKeys[key]; secret {
+			log.Infof("MDM override %s = ********** (secret)", key)
+			return
+		}
+		log.Infof("MDM override %s = %v", key, displayValue)
+	}
+
+	if v, ok := policy.GetString(mdm.KeyManagementURL); ok {
+		if u, err := parseURL("Management URL", v); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("MDM management URL %q invalid: %v; keeping previous value", v, err)
+		} else {
+			config.ManagementURL = u
+			logApplied(mdm.KeyManagementURL, u.String())
+		}
+	}
+
+	if v, ok := policy.GetString(mdm.KeyPreSharedKey); ok {
+		// Defensive: refuse the redaction mask in case it round-tripped
+		// through a manifest by mistake.
+		if !isPreSharedKeyHidden(&v) {
+			config.PreSharedKey = v
+			logApplied(mdm.KeyPreSharedKey, "")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// applyBool collapses the per-key "read + set + log" boilerplate
+	// for every plain bool MDM key into a single helper. Keeps the
+	// outer function's cognitive complexity below SonarCube's
+	// threshold; functional behaviour is identical to the inlined
+	// branches it replaces.
+	applyBool := func(key string, setter func(bool)) {
+		v, ok := policy.GetBool(key)
+		if !ok {
+			return
+		}
+		setter(v)
+		logApplied(key, v)
+	}
+
+	applyBool(mdm.KeyAllowServerSSH, func(v bool) { bv := v; config.ServerSSHAllowed = &bv })
+	applyBool(mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes, func(v bool) { config.DisableClientRoutes = v })
+	applyBool(mdm.KeyDisableServerRoutes, func(v bool) { config.DisableServerRoutes = v })
+	applyBool(mdm.KeyBlockInbound, func(v bool) { config.BlockInbound = v })
+	applyBool(mdm.KeyDisableAutoConnect, func(v bool) { config.DisableAutoConnect = v })
+	applyBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled, func(v bool) { config.RosenpassEnabled = v })
+	applyBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassPermissive, func(v bool) { config.RosenpassPermissive = v })
+
+	if v, ok := policy.GetInt(mdm.KeyWireguardPort); ok {
+		// REG_DWORD is 32-bit; UDP port range is 1-65535. Clamp at the
+		// upper bound and reject obviously-invalid values to avoid the
+		// engine binding to an unusable port if the admin pushes garbage.
+		if v >= 1 && v <= 65535 {
+			config.WgPort = int(v)
+			logApplied(mdm.KeyWireguardPort, v)
+		} else {
+			log.Warnf("MDM wireguard port %d out of range [1,65535]; keeping previous value", v)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// parseURL parses and validates the URL for the named service. The URL
+// must use the http or https scheme; if no port is present, ":443" is
+// appended for https or ":80" for http. The serviceName parameter is
+// used to contextualise error messages. On success returns the parsed
+// *url.URL; on failure returns a non-nil error.
 func parseURL(serviceName, serviceURL string) (*url.URL, error) {
 	parsedMgmtURL, err := url.ParseRequestURI(serviceURL)
 	if err != nil {

client/internal/profilemanager/config_mdm_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+package profilemanager
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+)
+
+// withMDMPolicy temporarily overrides the package-level loadMDMPolicy hook so
+// apply() observes the supplied Policy. The original loader is restored at
+// test cleanup.
+func withMDMPolicy(t *testing.T, policy *mdm.Policy) {
+	t.Helper()
+	prev := loadMDMPolicy
+	loadMDMPolicy = func() *mdm.Policy { return policy }
+	t.Cleanup(func() { loadMDMPolicy = prev })
+}
+
+func TestApply_MDMEmpty_NoEnforcement(t *testing.T) {
+	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(nil))
+
+	cfg, err := UpdateOrCreateConfig(ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, cfg)
+
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().IsEmpty(), "no MDM source ⇒ empty Policy")
+	assert.False(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyManagementURL))
+	assert.Empty(t, cfg.Policy().ManagedKeys())
+
+	// Default management URL still resolves.
+	assert.Equal(t, DefaultManagementURL, cfg.ManagementURL.String())
+}
+
+func TestApply_MDMOnly_OverridesDefaults(t *testing.T) {
+	const mdmURL = "https://corp.mdm.example.com:443"
+	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyManagementURL:       mdmURL,
+		mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes: true,
+		mdm.KeyBlockInbound:        true,
+	}))
+
+	cfg, err := UpdateOrCreateConfig(ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, cfg)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, mdmURL, cfg.ManagementURL.String())
+	assert.True(t, cfg.DisableClientRoutes)
+	assert.True(t, cfg.BlockInbound)
+
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyManagementURL))
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes))
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyBlockInbound))
+	assert.False(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyAllowServerSSH))
+}
+
+func TestApply_MDMBeatsCLIInput(t *testing.T) {
+	const mdmURL = "https://mdm.example.com:443"
+	const cliURL = "https://cli.example.com:443"
+
+	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyManagementURL: mdmURL,
+	}))
+
+	cfg, err := UpdateOrCreateConfig(ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath:    filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"),
+		ManagementURL: cliURL,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, cfg)
+
+	// MDM wins over CLI-supplied management URL.
+	assert.Equal(t, mdmURL, cfg.ManagementURL.String())
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyManagementURL))
+}
+
+func TestApply_MDMInvalidURL_KeepsPreviousValue(t *testing.T) {
+	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyManagementURL: "not-a-url",
+	}))
+
+	cfg, err := UpdateOrCreateConfig(ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, cfg)
+
+	// Invalid MDM URL is logged and skipped: default URL stays in place
+	// to keep the client functional.
+	assert.Equal(t, DefaultManagementURL, cfg.ManagementURL.String())
+
+	// But the key is still considered MDM-managed (admin intent is to
+	// enforce, daemon rejects user writes to this field — phase-1 scaffolding
+	// reflects this by keeping Policy.HasKey true even on parse failure).
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyManagementURL))
+}
+
+func TestApply_MDMBoolKeysOverrideOnDiskValue(t *testing.T) {
+	tmp := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+
+	// Seed without MDM.
+	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(nil))
+	_, err := UpdateOrCreateConfig(ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath:          tmp,
+		DisableClientRoutes: boolPtr(false),
+		RosenpassEnabled:    boolPtr(false),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Now enable MDM enforcement for these keys.
+	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes: true,
+		mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled:    true,
+	}))
+
+	cfg, err := UpdateOrCreateConfig(ConfigInput{ConfigPath: tmp})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, cfg)
+
+	assert.True(t, cfg.DisableClientRoutes, "MDM override should flip on-disk false to true")
+	assert.True(t, cfg.RosenpassEnabled)
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes))
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled))
+}
+
+func TestApply_MDMPreSharedKeyRedactionSentinelRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	const maskSentinel = "**********"
+
+	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyPreSharedKey: maskSentinel,
+	}))
+
+	cfg, err := UpdateOrCreateConfig(ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, cfg)
+
+	// Mask sentinel must not be persisted as the actual PSK.
+	assert.NotEqual(t, maskSentinel, cfg.PreSharedKey)
+	// Key still marked managed so user writes are still rejected.
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyPreSharedKey))
+}
+
+func boolPtr(b bool) *bool { return &b }

client/internal/routemanager/manager.go

@@ -700,6 +700,13 @@ func resolveURLsToIPs(urls []string) []net.IP {
 
 // updateRouteSelectorFromManagement updates the route selector based on the isSelected status from the management server
 func (m *DefaultManager) updateRouteSelectorFromManagement(clientRoutes route.HAMap) {
+	// An explicit user "deselect all" must not be overridden by management auto-apply.
+	// Auto-applying an exit node here would call SelectRoutes, which clears the
+	// deselect-all flag and re-enables every route the user turned off.
+	if m.routeSelector.IsDeselectAll() {
+		return
+	}
+
 	exitNodeInfo := m.collectExitNodeInfo(clientRoutes)
 	if len(exitNodeInfo.allIDs) == 0 {
 		return

client/internal/routemanager/manager_test.go

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
 package routemanager
 
 import (

client/internal/routemanager/selector_management_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package routemanager
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routeselector"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+func exitNodeRoutes(netID route.NetID, skipAutoApply bool) route.HAMap {
+	haID := route.HAUniqueID(string(netID) + "|0.0.0.0/0")
+	return route.HAMap{
+		haID: []*route.Route{
+			{
+				ID:            "r-" + route.ID(netID),
+				NetID:         netID,
+				Network:       netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
+				NetworkType:   route.IPv4Network,
+				Enabled:       true,
+				SkipAutoApply: skipAutoApply,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateRouteSelectorFromManagement(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("management auto-apply selects exit node without user selection", func(t *testing.T) {
+		m := &DefaultManager{routeSelector: routeselector.NewRouteSelector()}
+		routes := exitNodeRoutes("exit1", false)
+
+		m.updateRouteSelectorFromManagement(routes)
+
+		require.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exit1"), "auto-apply exit node should be selected")
+		require.Len(t, m.routeSelector.FilterSelectedExitNodes(routes), 1, "selected exit node should pass the filter")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("management SkipAutoApply leaves exit node deselected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		m := &DefaultManager{routeSelector: routeselector.NewRouteSelector()}
+		routes := exitNodeRoutes("exit1", true)
+
+		m.updateRouteSelectorFromManagement(routes)
+
+		require.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exit1"), "SkipAutoApply exit node should not be selected")
+		require.Empty(t, m.routeSelector.FilterSelectedExitNodes(routes), "deselected exit node should be filtered out")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("user selection is not overridden by management", func(t *testing.T) {
+		m := &DefaultManager{routeSelector: routeselector.NewRouteSelector()}
+		require.NoError(t, m.routeSelector.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exit1"}, true, []route.NetID{"exit1"}))
+		routes := exitNodeRoutes("exit1", true)
+
+		m.updateRouteSelectorFromManagement(routes)
+
+		require.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exit1"), "explicit user selection must survive a management sync that wants to skip auto-apply")
+		require.Len(t, m.routeSelector.FilterSelectedExitNodes(routes), 1, "user-selected exit node should pass the filter")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("deselect-all is preserved across a management sync", func(t *testing.T) {
+		m := &DefaultManager{routeSelector: routeselector.NewRouteSelector()}
+		m.routeSelector.DeselectAllRoutes()
+		routes := exitNodeRoutes("exit1", false)
+
+		m.updateRouteSelectorFromManagement(routes)
+
+		require.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsDeselectAll(), "an explicit deselect-all must not be cleared by management auto-apply")
+		require.Empty(t, m.routeSelector.FilterSelectedExitNodes(routes), "no routes should be selected while deselect-all is set")
+	})
+}

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/rt_tables_linux_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+//go:build linux && !android
+
+package systemops
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestEntryExists(t *testing.T) {
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	tempFilePath := fmt.Sprintf("%s/rt_tables", tempDir)
+
+	content := []string{
+		"1000 reserved",
+		fmt.Sprintf("%d %s", NetbirdVPNTableID, NetbirdVPNTableName),
+		"9999 other_table",
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(tempFilePath, []byte(strings.Join(content, "\n")), 0644))
+
+	file, err := os.Open(tempFilePath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() {
+		assert.NoError(t, file.Close())
+	}()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		id          int
+		shouldExist bool
+		err         error
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "ExistsWithNetbirdPrefix",
+			id:          7120,
+			shouldExist: true,
+			err:         nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "ExistsWithDifferentName",
+			id:          1000,
+			shouldExist: true,
+			err:         ErrTableIDExists,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "DoesNotExist",
+			id:          1234,
+			shouldExist: false,
+			err:         nil,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			exists, err := entryExists(file, tc.id)
+			if tc.err != nil {
+				assert.ErrorIs(t, err, tc.err)
+			} else {
+				assert.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.shouldExist, exists)
+		})
+	}
+}

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_bsd_privileged_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+//go:build (darwin || dragonfly || freebsd || netbsd || openbsd) && privileged
+
+package systemops
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os/exec"
+	"regexp"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	testCases = append(testCases, []testCase{
+		{
+			name:              "To more specific route without custom dialer via vpn",
+			expectedInterface: expectedVPNint,
+			dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
+			expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("100.64.0.1", 12345, "10.10.0.2", 53),
+		},
+	}...)
+}
+
+func TestConcurrentRoutes(t *testing.T) {
+	baseIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.0")
+
+	var intf *net.Interface
+	var nexthop Nexthop
+
+	_, intf = setupDummyInterface(t)
+	nexthop = Nexthop{netip.Addr{}, intf}
+
+	r := New(nil, nil)
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i := 0; i < 1024; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(ip netip.Addr) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			prefix := netip.PrefixFrom(ip, 32)
+			if err := r.addToRouteTable(prefix, nexthop); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("Failed to add route for %s: %v", prefix, err)
+			}
+		}(baseIP)
+		baseIP = baseIP.Next()
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	baseIP = netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.0")
+
+	for i := 0; i < 1024; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(ip netip.Addr) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			prefix := netip.PrefixFrom(ip, 32)
+			if err := r.removeFromRouteTable(prefix, nexthop); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("Failed to remove route for %s: %v", prefix, err)
+			}
+		}(baseIP)
+		baseIP = baseIP.Next()
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func createAndSetupDummyInterface(t *testing.T, intf string, ipAddressCIDR string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+		err := exec.Command("ifconfig", intf, "alias", ipAddressCIDR).Run()
+		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create loopback alias")
+
+		t.Cleanup(func() {
+			err := exec.Command("ifconfig", intf, ipAddressCIDR, "-alias").Run()
+			assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to remove loopback alias")
+		})
+
+		return intf
+	}
+
+	prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(ipAddressCIDR)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to parse prefix")
+
+	netIntf, err := net.InterfaceByName(intf)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to get interface by name")
+
+	nexthop := Nexthop{netip.Addr{}, netIntf}
+
+	r := New(nil, nil)
+	err = r.addToRouteTable(prefix, nexthop)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to add route to table")
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		err := r.removeFromRouteTable(prefix, nexthop)
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to remove route from table")
+	})
+
+	return intf
+}
+
+func addDummyRoute(t *testing.T, dstCIDR string, gw netip.Addr, _ string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var originalNexthop net.IP
+	if dstCIDR == "0.0.0.0/0" {
+		var err error
+		originalNexthop, err = fetchOriginalGateway()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Logf("Failed to fetch original gateway: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		if output, err := exec.Command("route", "delete", "-net", dstCIDR).CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("Failed to delete route: %v, output: %s", err, output)
+		}
+	}
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if originalNexthop != nil {
+			err := exec.Command("route", "add", "-net", dstCIDR, originalNexthop.String()).Run()
+			assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to restore original route")
+		}
+	})
+
+	err := exec.Command("route", "add", "-net", dstCIDR, gw.String()).Run()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to add route")
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		err := exec.Command("route", "delete", "-net", dstCIDR).Run()
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to remove route")
+	})
+}
+
+func fetchOriginalGateway() (net.IP, error) {
+	output, err := exec.Command("route", "-n", "get", "default").CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	matches := regexp.MustCompile(`gateway: (\S+)`).FindStringSubmatch(string(output))
+	if len(matches) == 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gateway not found")
+	}
+
+	return net.ParseIP(matches[1]), nil
+}
+
+// setupDummyInterface creates a dummy tun interface for FreeBSD route testing
+func setupDummyInterface(t *testing.T) (netip.Addr, *net.Interface) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+		return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 1, 2}), &net.Interface{Name: "lo0"}
+	}
+
+	output, err := exec.Command("ifconfig", "tun", "create").CombinedOutput()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create tun interface: %s", string(output))
+
+	tunName := strings.TrimSpace(string(output))
+
+	output, err = exec.Command("ifconfig", tunName, "192.168.1.1", "netmask", "255.255.0.0", "192.168.1.2", "up").CombinedOutput()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to configure tun interface: %s", string(output))
+
+	intf, err := net.InterfaceByName(tunName)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to get interface by name")
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := exec.Command("ifconfig", tunName, "destroy").Run(); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("Failed to destroy tun interface %s: %v", tunName, err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 1, 2}), intf
+}
+
+func setupDummyInterfacesAndRoutes(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	defaultDummy := createAndSetupDummyInterface(t, expectedExternalInt, "192.168.0.1/24")
+	addDummyRoute(t, "0.0.0.0/0", netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 0, 1}), defaultDummy)
+
+	otherDummy := createAndSetupDummyInterface(t, expectedInternalInt, "192.168.1.1/24")
+	addDummyRoute(t, "10.0.0.0/8", netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 1, 1}), otherDummy)
+}

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_bsd_test.go

@@ -3,79 +3,24 @@
 package systemops
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"os/exec"
-	"regexp"
-	"runtime"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"golang.org/x/net/route"
 )
 
+// Interface names used by the shared routing test fixtures. Kept untagged (no
+// privileged build tag) so the non-privileged test files in this package compile.
+//
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
 var expectedVPNint = "utun100"
+
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
 var expectedExternalInt = "lo0"
+
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
 var expectedInternalInt = "lo0"
 
-func init() {
-	testCases = append(testCases, []testCase{
-		{
-			name:              "To more specific route without custom dialer via vpn",
-			expectedInterface: expectedVPNint,
-			dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
-			expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("100.64.0.1", 12345, "10.10.0.2", 53),
-		},
-	}...)
-}
-
-func TestConcurrentRoutes(t *testing.T) {
-	baseIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.0")
-
-	var intf *net.Interface
-	var nexthop Nexthop
-
-	_, intf = setupDummyInterface(t)
-	nexthop = Nexthop{netip.Addr{}, intf}
-
-	r := New(nil, nil)
-
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	for i := 0; i < 1024; i++ {
-		wg.Add(1)
-		go func(ip netip.Addr) {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			prefix := netip.PrefixFrom(ip, 32)
-			if err := r.addToRouteTable(prefix, nexthop); err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("Failed to add route for %s: %v", prefix, err)
-			}
-		}(baseIP)
-		baseIP = baseIP.Next()
-	}
-
-	wg.Wait()
-
-	baseIP = netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.0")
-
-	for i := 0; i < 1024; i++ {
-		wg.Add(1)
-		go func(ip netip.Addr) {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			prefix := netip.PrefixFrom(ip, 32)
-			if err := r.removeFromRouteTable(prefix, nexthop); err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("Failed to remove route for %s: %v", prefix, err)
-			}
-		}(baseIP)
-		baseIP = baseIP.Next()
-	}
-
-	wg.Wait()
-}
-
 func TestBits(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name    string
@@ -122,122 +67,3 @@ func TestBits(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
-
-func createAndSetupDummyInterface(t *testing.T, intf string, ipAddressCIDR string) string {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
-		err := exec.Command("ifconfig", intf, "alias", ipAddressCIDR).Run()
-		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create loopback alias")
-
-		t.Cleanup(func() {
-			err := exec.Command("ifconfig", intf, ipAddressCIDR, "-alias").Run()
-			assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to remove loopback alias")
-		})
-
-		return intf
-	}
-
-	prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(ipAddressCIDR)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to parse prefix")
-
-	netIntf, err := net.InterfaceByName(intf)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to get interface by name")
-
-	nexthop := Nexthop{netip.Addr{}, netIntf}
-
-	r := New(nil, nil)
-	err = r.addToRouteTable(prefix, nexthop)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to add route to table")
-
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		err := r.removeFromRouteTable(prefix, nexthop)
-		assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to remove route from table")
-	})
-
-	return intf
-}
-
-func addDummyRoute(t *testing.T, dstCIDR string, gw netip.Addr, _ string) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	var originalNexthop net.IP
-	if dstCIDR == "0.0.0.0/0" {
-		var err error
-		originalNexthop, err = fetchOriginalGateway()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Logf("Failed to fetch original gateway: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if output, err := exec.Command("route", "delete", "-net", dstCIDR).CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
-			t.Logf("Failed to delete route: %v, output: %s", err, output)
-		}
-	}
-
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		if originalNexthop != nil {
-			err := exec.Command("route", "add", "-net", dstCIDR, originalNexthop.String()).Run()
-			assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to restore original route")
-		}
-	})
-
-	err := exec.Command("route", "add", "-net", dstCIDR, gw.String()).Run()
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to add route")
-
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		err := exec.Command("route", "delete", "-net", dstCIDR).Run()
-		assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to remove route")
-	})
-}
-
-func fetchOriginalGateway() (net.IP, error) {
-	output, err := exec.Command("route", "-n", "get", "default").CombinedOutput()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	matches := regexp.MustCompile(`gateway: (\S+)`).FindStringSubmatch(string(output))
-	if len(matches) == 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gateway not found")
-	}
-
-	return net.ParseIP(matches[1]), nil
-}
-
-// setupDummyInterface creates a dummy tun interface for FreeBSD route testing
-func setupDummyInterface(t *testing.T) (netip.Addr, *net.Interface) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
-		return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 1, 2}), &net.Interface{Name: "lo0"}
-	}
-
-	output, err := exec.Command("ifconfig", "tun", "create").CombinedOutput()
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create tun interface: %s", string(output))
-
-	tunName := strings.TrimSpace(string(output))
-
-	output, err = exec.Command("ifconfig", tunName, "192.168.1.1", "netmask", "255.255.0.0", "192.168.1.2", "up").CombinedOutput()
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to configure tun interface: %s", string(output))
-
-	intf, err := net.InterfaceByName(tunName)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to get interface by name")
-
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		if err := exec.Command("ifconfig", tunName, "destroy").Run(); err != nil {
-			t.Logf("Failed to destroy tun interface %s: %v", tunName, err)
-		}
-	})
-
-	return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 1, 2}), intf
-}
-
-func setupDummyInterfacesAndRoutes(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	defaultDummy := createAndSetupDummyInterface(t, expectedExternalInt, "192.168.0.1/24")
-	addDummyRoute(t, "0.0.0.0/0", netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 0, 1}), defaultDummy)
-
-	otherDummy := createAndSetupDummyInterface(t, expectedInternalInt, "192.168.1.1/24")
-	addDummyRoute(t, "10.0.0.0/8", netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 1, 1}), otherDummy)
-}

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_dialer_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios
+
+package systemops
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+)
+
+// dialer is shared by the per-platform routing test cases. Kept untagged (no
+// privileged build tag) so the non-privileged test files compile on every platform.
+//
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
+type dialer interface {
+	Dial(network, address string) (net.Conn, error)
+	DialContext(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.Conn, error)
+}

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_generic_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !android && !ios
+//go:build !android && !ios && privileged
 
 package systemops
 
@@ -26,11 +26,6 @@ import (
 	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
 )
 
-type dialer interface {
-	Dial(network, address string) (net.Conn, error)
-	DialContext(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.Conn, error)
-}
-
 func TestAddVPNRoute(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name        string
@@ -515,125 +510,3 @@ func setupTestEnv(t *testing.T) {
 	// unique route in vpn table
 	setupRouteAndCleanup(t, r, netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/12"), intf)
 }
-
-func TestIsVpnRoute(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name           string
-		addr           string
-		vpnRoutes      []string
-		localRoutes    []string
-		expectedVpn    bool
-		expectedPrefix netip.Prefix
-	}{
-		{
-			name:           "Match in VPN routes",
-			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
-			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
-			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
-			expectedVpn:    true,
-			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "Match in local routes",
-			addr:           "10.1.1.1",
-			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
-			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
-			expectedVpn:    false,
-			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "No match",
-			addr:           "172.16.0.1",
-			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
-			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
-			expectedVpn:    false,
-			expectedPrefix: netip.Prefix{},
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "Default route ignored",
-			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
-			vpnRoutes:      []string{"0.0.0.0/0", "192.168.1.0/24"},
-			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
-			expectedVpn:    true,
-			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "Default route matches but ignored",
-			addr:           "172.16.1.1",
-			vpnRoutes:      []string{"0.0.0.0/0", "192.168.1.0/24"},
-			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
-			expectedVpn:    false,
-			expectedPrefix: netip.Prefix{},
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "Longest prefix match local",
-			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
-			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.0.0/16"},
-			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
-			expectedVpn:    false,
-			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "Longest prefix match local multiple",
-			addr:           "192.168.0.1",
-			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.0.0/16", "192.168.0.0/25", "192.168.0.0/27"},
-			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.0.0/24", "192.168.0.0/26", "192.168.0.0/28"},
-			expectedVpn:    false,
-			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/28"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "Longest prefix match vpn",
-			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
-			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
-			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.0.0/16"},
-			expectedVpn:    true,
-			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "Longest prefix match vpn multiple",
-			addr:           "192.168.0.1",
-			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.0.0/16", "192.168.0.0/25", "192.168.0.0/27"},
-			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.0.0/24", "192.168.0.0/26"},
-			expectedVpn:    true,
-			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/27"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "Duplicate prefix in both",
-			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
-			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
-			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
-			expectedVpn:    false,
-			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(tt.addr)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Failed to parse address %s: %v", tt.addr, err)
-			}
-
-			var vpnRoutes, localRoutes []netip.Prefix
-			for _, route := range tt.vpnRoutes {
-				prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(route)
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("Failed to parse VPN route %s: %v", route, err)
-				}
-				vpnRoutes = append(vpnRoutes, prefix)
-			}
-
-			for _, route := range tt.localRoutes {
-				prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(route)
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("Failed to parse local route %s: %v", route, err)
-				}
-				localRoutes = append(localRoutes, prefix)
-			}
-
-			isVpn, matchedPrefix := isVpnRoute(addr, vpnRoutes, localRoutes)
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedVpn, isVpn, "isVpnRoute should return expectedVpn value")
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedPrefix, matchedPrefix, "isVpnRoute should return expectedVpn prefix")
-		})
-	}
-}

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_isvpnroute_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios
+
+package systemops
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestIsVpnRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		addr           string
+		vpnRoutes      []string
+		localRoutes    []string
+		expectedVpn    bool
+		expectedPrefix netip.Prefix
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "Match in VPN routes",
+			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
+			expectedVpn:    true,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Match in local routes",
+			addr:           "10.1.1.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
+			expectedVpn:    false,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "No match",
+			addr:           "172.16.0.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
+			expectedVpn:    false,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.Prefix{},
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Default route ignored",
+			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"0.0.0.0/0", "192.168.1.0/24"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
+			expectedVpn:    true,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Default route matches but ignored",
+			addr:           "172.16.1.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"0.0.0.0/0", "192.168.1.0/24"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
+			expectedVpn:    false,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.Prefix{},
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Longest prefix match local",
+			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.0.0/16"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
+			expectedVpn:    false,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Longest prefix match local multiple",
+			addr:           "192.168.0.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.0.0/16", "192.168.0.0/25", "192.168.0.0/27"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.0.0/24", "192.168.0.0/26", "192.168.0.0/28"},
+			expectedVpn:    false,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/28"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Longest prefix match vpn",
+			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.0.0/16"},
+			expectedVpn:    true,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Longest prefix match vpn multiple",
+			addr:           "192.168.0.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.0.0/16", "192.168.0.0/25", "192.168.0.0/27"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.0.0/24", "192.168.0.0/26"},
+			expectedVpn:    true,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/27"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Duplicate prefix in both",
+			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
+			expectedVpn:    false,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(tt.addr)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Failed to parse address %s: %v", tt.addr, err)
+			}
+
+			var vpnRoutes, localRoutes []netip.Prefix
+			for _, route := range tt.vpnRoutes {
+				prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(route)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Failed to parse VPN route %s: %v", route, err)
+				}
+				vpnRoutes = append(vpnRoutes, prefix)
+			}
+
+			for _, route := range tt.localRoutes {
+				prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(route)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Failed to parse local route %s: %v", route, err)
+				}
+				localRoutes = append(localRoutes, prefix)
+			}
+
+			isVpn, matchedPrefix := isVpnRoute(addr, vpnRoutes, localRoutes)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedVpn, isVpn, "isVpnRoute should return expectedVpn value")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedPrefix, matchedPrefix, "isVpnRoute should return expectedVpn prefix")
+		})
+	}
+}

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_linux_test.go

@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
-//go:build !android
+//go:build !android && privileged
 
 package systemops
 
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"
 	"net"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -18,10 +15,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/vars"
 )
 
-var expectedVPNint = "wgtest0"
-var expectedExternalInt = "dummyext0"
-var expectedInternalInt = "dummyint0"
-
 func init() {
 	testCases = append(testCases, []testCase{
 		{
@@ -33,62 +26,6 @@ func init() {
 	}...)
 }
 
-func TestEntryExists(t *testing.T) {
-	tempDir := t.TempDir()
-	tempFilePath := fmt.Sprintf("%s/rt_tables", tempDir)
-
-	content := []string{
-		"1000 reserved",
-		fmt.Sprintf("%d %s", NetbirdVPNTableID, NetbirdVPNTableName),
-		"9999 other_table",
-	}
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(tempFilePath, []byte(strings.Join(content, "\n")), 0644))
-
-	file, err := os.Open(tempFilePath)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer func() {
-		assert.NoError(t, file.Close())
-	}()
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name        string
-		id          int
-		shouldExist bool
-		err         error
-	}{
-		{
-			name:        "ExistsWithNetbirdPrefix",
-			id:          7120,
-			shouldExist: true,
-			err:         nil,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "ExistsWithDifferentName",
-			id:          1000,
-			shouldExist: true,
-			err:         ErrTableIDExists,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "DoesNotExist",
-			id:          1234,
-			shouldExist: false,
-			err:         nil,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			exists, err := entryExists(file, tc.id)
-			if tc.err != nil {
-				assert.ErrorIs(t, err, tc.err)
-			} else {
-				assert.NoError(t, err)
-			}
-			assert.Equal(t, tc.shouldExist, exists)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func createAndSetupDummyInterface(t *testing.T, interfaceName, ipAddressCIDR string) string {
 	t.Helper()
 

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_routing_data_linux_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build linux && !android
+
+package systemops
+
+// Interface names used by the shared routing test fixtures. Kept untagged (no
+// privileged build tag) so the non-privileged test files in this package compile.
+//
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
+var expectedVPNint = "wgtest0"
+
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
+var expectedExternalInt = "dummyext0"
+
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
+var expectedInternalInt = "dummyint0"

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_routing_data_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+//go:build (linux && !android) || (darwin && !ios) || freebsd || openbsd || netbsd || dragonfly
+
+package systemops
+
+import (
+	"net"
+
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
+)
+
+// Shared, non-privileged routing test fixtures. The privileged TestRouting (and its
+// per-platform init() appenders) consume these; they live here so the unprivileged
+// BSD/darwin test files compile without the privileged build tag.
+
+type PacketExpectation struct {
+	SrcIP   net.IP
+	DstIP   net.IP
+	SrcPort int
+	DstPort int
+	UDP     bool
+	TCP     bool
+}
+
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
+type testCase struct {
+	name              string
+	expectedInterface string
+	dialer            dialer
+	expectedPacket    PacketExpectation
+}
+
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
+var testCases = []testCase{
+	{
+		name:              "To external host without custom dialer via vpn",
+		expectedInterface: expectedVPNint,
+		dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
+		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("100.64.0.1", 12345, "192.0.2.1", 53),
+	},
+	{
+		name:              "To external host with custom dialer via physical interface",
+		expectedInterface: expectedExternalInt,
+		dialer:            nbnet.NewDialer(),
+		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("192.168.0.1", 12345, "192.0.2.1", 53),
+	},
+
+	{
+		name:              "To duplicate internal route with custom dialer via physical interface",
+		expectedInterface: expectedInternalInt,
+		dialer:            nbnet.NewDialer(),
+		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("192.168.1.1", 12345, "10.0.0.2", 53),
+	},
+	{
+		name:              "To duplicate internal route without custom dialer via physical interface", // local route takes precedence
+		expectedInterface: expectedInternalInt,
+		dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
+		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("192.168.1.1", 12345, "10.0.0.2", 53),
+	},
+
+	{
+		name:              "To unique vpn route with custom dialer via physical interface",
+		expectedInterface: expectedExternalInt,
+		dialer:            nbnet.NewDialer(),
+		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("192.168.0.1", 12345, "172.16.0.2", 53),
+	},
+	{
+		name:              "To unique vpn route without custom dialer via vpn",
+		expectedInterface: expectedVPNint,
+		dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
+		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("100.64.0.1", 12345, "172.16.0.2", 53),
+	},
+}
+
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
+func createPacketExpectation(srcIP string, srcPort int, dstIP string, dstPort int) PacketExpectation {
+	return PacketExpectation{
+		SrcIP:   net.ParseIP(srcIP),
+		DstIP:   net.ParseIP(dstIP),
+		SrcPort: srcPort,
+		DstPort: dstPort,
+		UDP:     true,
+	}
+}

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_unix_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build (linux && !android) || (darwin && !ios) || freebsd || openbsd || netbsd || dragonfly
+//go:build ((linux && !android) || (darwin && !ios) || freebsd || openbsd || netbsd || dragonfly) && privileged
 
 package systemops
 
@@ -20,63 +20,6 @@ import (
 	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
 )
 
-type PacketExpectation struct {
-	SrcIP   net.IP
-	DstIP   net.IP
-	SrcPort int
-	DstPort int
-	UDP     bool
-	TCP     bool
-}
-
-type testCase struct {
-	name              string
-	expectedInterface string
-	dialer            dialer
-	expectedPacket    PacketExpectation
-}
-
-var testCases = []testCase{
-	{
-		name:              "To external host without custom dialer via vpn",
-		expectedInterface: expectedVPNint,
-		dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
-		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("100.64.0.1", 12345, "192.0.2.1", 53),
-	},
-	{
-		name:              "To external host with custom dialer via physical interface",
-		expectedInterface: expectedExternalInt,
-		dialer:            nbnet.NewDialer(),
-		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("192.168.0.1", 12345, "192.0.2.1", 53),
-	},
-
-	{
-		name:              "To duplicate internal route with custom dialer via physical interface",
-		expectedInterface: expectedInternalInt,
-		dialer:            nbnet.NewDialer(),
-		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("192.168.1.1", 12345, "10.0.0.2", 53),
-	},
-	{
-		name:              "To duplicate internal route without custom dialer via physical interface", // local route takes precedence
-		expectedInterface: expectedInternalInt,
-		dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
-		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("192.168.1.1", 12345, "10.0.0.2", 53),
-	},
-
-	{
-		name:              "To unique vpn route with custom dialer via physical interface",
-		expectedInterface: expectedExternalInt,
-		dialer:            nbnet.NewDialer(),
-		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("192.168.0.1", 12345, "172.16.0.2", 53),
-	},
-	{
-		name:              "To unique vpn route without custom dialer via vpn",
-		expectedInterface: expectedVPNint,
-		dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
-		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("100.64.0.1", 12345, "172.16.0.2", 53),
-	},
-}
-
 func TestRouting(t *testing.T) {
 	nbnet.Init()
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
@@ -102,16 +45,6 @@ func TestRouting(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func createPacketExpectation(srcIP string, srcPort int, dstIP string, dstPort int) PacketExpectation {
-	return PacketExpectation{
-		SrcIP:   net.ParseIP(srcIP),
-		DstIP:   net.ParseIP(dstIP),
-		SrcPort: srcPort,
-		DstPort: dstPort,
-		UDP:     true,
-	}
-}
-
 func startPacketCapture(t *testing.T, intf, filter string) *pcap.Handle {
 	t.Helper()
 

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_windows_test.go

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
 package systemops
 
 import (

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/v6route_bsd_test.go

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ import (
 // ensureIPv6DefaultRoute installs an IPv6 default route via the loopback
 // interface so route lookups for global IPv6 prefixes resolve in environments
 // without v6 connectivity. If a default already exists it is left alone.
+//
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
 func ensureIPv6DefaultRoute(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Helper()
 

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/v6route_linux_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build linux && !android
+//go:build linux && !android && privileged
 
 package systemops
 

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/v6route_windows_test.go

@@ -8,11 +8,14 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 )
 
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
 const loopbackIfaceWindows = "Loopback Pseudo-Interface 1"
 
 // ensureIPv6DefaultRoute installs an IPv6 default route via the loopback
 // interface so route lookups for global IPv6 prefixes resolve in environments
 // without v6 connectivity. If a default already exists it is left alone.
+//
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
 func ensureIPv6DefaultRoute(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Helper()
 

client/internal/routeselector/routeselector.go

@@ -116,6 +116,14 @@ func (rs *RouteSelector) DeselectAllRoutes() {
 	clear(rs.selectedRoutes)
 }
 
+// IsDeselectAll reports whether the user has explicitly deselected all routes.
+func (rs *RouteSelector) IsDeselectAll() bool {
+	rs.mu.RLock()
+	defer rs.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return rs.deselectAll
+}
+
 // IsSelected checks if a specific route is selected.
 func (rs *RouteSelector) IsSelected(routeID route.NetID) bool {
 	rs.mu.RLock()

client/internal/shell/shell_test.go

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-package shell
-
-import (
-	"os/user"
-	"runtime"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-// TestIntegration_ShellLookupChain tests the full shell resolution chain
-// (getShellFromPasswd -> getShellFromGetent -> $SHELL -> default) on Unix.
-func TestIntegration_ShellLookupChain(t *testing.T) {
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		t.Skip("Unix shell lookup not applicable on Windows")
-	}
-
-	current, err := user.Current()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// getUserShell is the top-level function used by the SSH server.
-	shell := GetUserShell(current.Uid)
-	require.NotEmpty(t, shell, "getUserShell must always return a shell")
-	assert.True(t, shell[0] == '/', "shell should be an absolute path, got %q", shell)
-}

client/mdm/canonical_loaders.go

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+//go:build windows || darwin
+
+package mdm
+
+import "strings"
+
+// allKeys is the set of recognised MDM keys. Unknown keys in a managed
+// configuration are ignored but logged. Lives in this build-tagged file
+// (windows || darwin) because only desktop loaders need the
+// canonicalisation table that consumes it; including it unconditionally
+// would trigger the `unused` golangci-lint check on platforms that
+// don't import canonical_loaders.go.
+var allKeys = []string{
+	KeyManagementURL,
+	KeyDisableUpdateSettings,
+	KeyDisableProfiles,
+	KeyDisableNetworks,
+	KeyDisableClientRoutes,
+	KeyDisableServerRoutes,
+	KeyBlockInbound,
+	KeyDisableMetricsCollection,
+	KeyAllowServerSSH,
+	KeyDisableAutoConnect,
+	KeyPreSharedKey,
+	KeyRosenpassEnabled,
+	KeyRosenpassPermissive,
+	KeyWireguardPort,
+	KeySplitTunnelMode,
+	KeySplitTunnelApps,
+}
+
+// canonicalKey maps the lowercase form of a managed-config value name to
+// its canonical mdm.Key* form. Admins commonly write PascalCase value
+// names in ADMX / Group Policy ("ManagementURL"); the iOS/AppConfig and
+// macOS plist conventions are camelCase ("managementURL"); both must
+// resolve to the same Policy lookup.
+//
+// Lives in a desktop-loader-only file (build tag `windows || darwin`)
+// because no other build path consumes it. Linux / FreeBSD / mobile
+// builds don't ship a platform loader that reads arbitrary-case key
+// names, so they don't need the canonicalisation table — and including
+// the var unconditionally would trigger the `unused` golangci-lint
+// check on those platforms.
+var canonicalKey = func() map[string]string {
+	m := make(map[string]string, len(allKeys))
+	for _, k := range allKeys {
+		m[strings.ToLower(k)] = k
+	}
+	return m
+}()

client/mdm/policy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+// Package mdm reads MDM-managed configuration from platform-native sources
+// (plist on macOS, registry on Windows, UserDefaults on iOS,
+// RestrictionsManager on Android). The returned Policy is consumed by
+// profilemanager.Config.apply() as the highest-priority override layer.
+//
+// An empty Policy (no source present, or source present with zero keys)
+// means no MDM enforcement is active and the client behaves as if the
+// feature did not exist.
+package mdm
+
+import (
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// Well-known policy keys. Names mirror the corresponding ConfigInput Go field
+// names (lowerCamelCase) so the daemon can map a Policy key directly to a
+// configuration field.
+const (
+	KeyManagementURL            = "managementURL"
+	KeyDisableUpdateSettings    = "disableUpdateSettings"
+	KeyDisableProfiles          = "disableProfiles"
+	KeyDisableNetworks          = "disableNetworks"
+	KeyDisableClientRoutes      = "disableClientRoutes"
+	KeyDisableServerRoutes      = "disableServerRoutes"
+	KeyBlockInbound             = "blockInbound"
+	KeyDisableMetricsCollection = "disableMetricsCollection"
+	KeyAllowServerSSH           = "allowServerSSH"
+	KeyDisableAutoConnect       = "disableAutoConnect"
+	KeyPreSharedKey             = "preSharedKey"
+	KeyRosenpassEnabled         = "rosenpassEnabled"
+	KeyRosenpassPermissive      = "rosenpassPermissive"
+	KeyWireguardPort            = "wireguardPort"
+
+	// Split tunnel is modeled as a single conceptual policy with two
+	// registry/plist values. KeySplitTunnelMode is the discriminator
+	// ("allow" or "disallow"); KeySplitTunnelApps is a comma-separated
+	// list of package names. The values are mutually exclusive by
+	// construction — only one mode can be set at a time.
+	KeySplitTunnelMode = "splitTunnelMode"
+	KeySplitTunnelApps = "splitTunnelApps"
+)
+
+// Split-tunnel mode literals (KeySplitTunnelMode values).
+const (
+	SplitTunnelModeAllow    = "allow"
+	SplitTunnelModeDisallow = "disallow"
+)
+
+// SecretKeys lists keys whose values must be redacted in logs.
+var SecretKeys = map[string]struct{}{
+	KeyPreSharedKey: {},
+}
+
+// boolStringLiterals enumerates the textual boolean encodings the
+// platform loaders may produce (Windows REG_SZ "true", iOS / Android
+// managed-config booleans-as-strings, etc.). Lookup keeps GetBool flat
+// (no nested switch on the string case).
+var boolStringLiterals = map[string]bool{
+	"true":  true,
+	"1":     true,
+	"yes":   true,
+	"false": false,
+	"0":     false,
+	"no":    false,
+}
+
+
+// Policy holds MDM-managed settings read from the platform source. A nil or
+// empty Policy means no enforcement is active.
+type Policy struct {
+	values map[string]any
+}
+
+// NewPolicy constructs a Policy from a key→value map. Pass nil or an
+// empty map to construct an empty (no-enforcement) Policy. The returned
+// *Policy is always non-nil.
+func NewPolicy(values map[string]any) *Policy {
+	if values == nil {
+		values = map[string]any{}
+	}
+	return &Policy{values: values}
+}
+
+// LoadPolicy reads the platform-native MDM configuration. Returns an
+// empty (but non-nil) Policy when no source is present, the source is
+// empty, or the platform is unsupported.
+//
+// Diagnostic logging differentiates the three states:
+//   - source absent / unsupported platform: trace log only
+//   - source present, zero keys:             info "MDM enrolled (no managed keys)"
+//   - source present, N keys:                info "MDM enrolled with N managed keys: [...]"
+func LoadPolicy() *Policy {
+	values, err := loadPlatformPolicy()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Tracef("MDM policy load: %v", err)
+		return &Policy{values: map[string]any{}}
+	}
+	if values == nil {
+		return &Policy{values: map[string]any{}}
+	}
+	if len(values) == 0 {
+		log.Info("MDM enrolled (no managed keys)")
+	} else {
+		log.Infof("MDM enrolled with %d managed key(s): %v", len(values), sortedKeys(values))
+	}
+	return &Policy{values: values}
+}
+
+// IsEmpty reports whether the Policy has no managed keys.
+func (p *Policy) IsEmpty() bool {
+	return p == nil || len(p.values) == 0
+}
+
+// HasKey reports whether the given key is MDM-managed.
+func (p *Policy) HasKey(key string) bool {
+	if p == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	_, ok := p.values[key]
+	return ok
+}
+
+// ManagedKeys returns the sorted list of managed key names. Returns an empty
+// slice (not nil) on an empty Policy.
+func (p *Policy) ManagedKeys() []string {
+	if p == nil {
+		return []string{}
+	}
+	return sortedKeys(p.values)
+}
+
+// GetString returns the managed value for key coerced to string, and whether
+// the key was set. A non-string value returns ("", false).
+func (p *Policy) GetString(key string) (string, bool) {
+	if p == nil {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	v, ok := p.values[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	s, ok := v.(string)
+	if !ok || s == "" {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return s, true
+}
+
+// GetBool returns the managed value for key coerced to bool, and whether the
+// key was set. Accepts native bool and string literals "true"/"false"/"1"/"0".
+func (p *Policy) GetBool(key string) (bool, bool) {
+	if p == nil {
+		return false, false
+	}
+	v, ok := p.values[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return false, false
+	}
+	switch t := v.(type) {
+	case bool:
+		return t, true
+	case string:
+		b, known := boolStringLiterals[t]
+		return b, known
+	case int:
+		return t != 0, true
+	case int64:
+		return t != 0, true
+	}
+	return false, false
+}
+
+// GetInt returns the managed value for key as int64, and whether the key
+// was set. Accepts native int / int64 (as produced by the Windows registry
+// loader for REG_DWORD/REG_QWORD) and numeric strings (decimal).
+func (p *Policy) GetInt(key string) (int64, bool) {
+	if p == nil {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	v, ok := p.values[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	switch t := v.(type) {
+	case int64:
+		return t, true
+	case int:
+		return int64(t), true
+	case int32:
+		return int64(t), true
+	case uint64:
+		return int64(t), true
+	case float64:
+		return int64(t), true
+	case string:
+		if n, err := strconv.ParseInt(t, 10, 64); err == nil {
+			return n, true
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, false
+}
+
+// GetStringSlice returns the managed value for key as []string, and whether
+// the key was set. Accepts []string, []any (of strings), and a single string
+// (treated as a one-element list).
+func (p *Policy) GetStringSlice(key string) ([]string, bool) {
+	if p == nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	v, ok := p.values[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	switch t := v.(type) {
+	case []string:
+		return append([]string(nil), t...), true
+	case []any:
+		out := make([]string, 0, len(t))
+		for _, item := range t {
+			s, ok := item.(string)
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, false
+			}
+			out = append(out, s)
+		}
+		return out, true
+	case string:
+		return []string{t}, true
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+// sortedKeys returns the keys of m as a deterministic, lexicographically
+// sorted slice. Used internally by Policy.ManagedKeys and LoadPolicy's
+// diagnostic log line so callers see a stable key order across runs
+// regardless of Go's randomised map iteration.
+func sortedKeys(m map[string]any) []string {
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(m))
+	for k := range m {
+		out = append(out, k)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(out)
+	return out
+}

client/mdm/policy_darwin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+//go:build darwin && !ios
+
+package mdm
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"howett.net/plist"
+)
+
+// policyPlistPath is the well-known location where macOS writes the
+// device-level mandatory MDM payload for NetBird. The path is fixed by
+// Apple convention: when an MDM provider (Jamf / Kandji / Mosyle /
+// Intune for Mac / Workspace ONE) pushes a Configuration Profile that
+// contains a com.apple.ManagedClient.preferences payload targeting the
+// bundle id io.netbird.client, the OS materializes the payload here.
+//
+// Read-only — only the OS (root) is supposed to write this file. The
+// loader sanity-checks the file mode and refuses to honour a world-
+// writable plist, as a defense against tampered installs.
+const policyPlistPath = "/Library/Managed Preferences/io.netbird.client.plist"
+
+// loadPlatformPolicy reads the MDM-managed configuration from the macOS
+// managed-preferences plist at policyPlistPath. Returns:
+//   - (nil, nil)  when the plist is absent (device not MDM-enrolled for
+//     NetBird, or admin has not yet pushed a payload)
+//   - (map, nil)  with N entries when N managed values are present
+//     (N may be 0 — empty plist still signals enrollment to the caller)
+//   - (nil, err)  on permission / parse / safety errors (including
+//     refusal to read a world-writable plist)
+//
+// Top-level plist keys are canonicalised case-insensitively to the
+// package's internal mdm.Key* names; unknown keys are logged and
+// skipped so a stray entry in the payload does not block startup.
+// Native plist value types map naturally onto the Policy accessor
+// expectations (GetString / GetBool / GetInt / GetStringSlice).
+func loadPlatformPolicy() (map[string]any, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(policyPlistPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+			// Not enrolled for NetBird. Caller treats nil as
+			// "no MDM source present".
+			//nolint:nilnil // (nil, nil) is the documented platform-absent sentinel; see LoadPolicy.
+			return nil, nil
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open %s: %w", policyPlistPath, err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if closeErr := f.Close(); closeErr != nil {
+			log.Warnf("MDM close plist %s: %v", policyPlistPath, closeErr)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	info, err := f.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("stat %s: %w", policyPlistPath, err)
+	}
+	// World-writable plist => tampered install. Refuse rather than
+	// honour potentially attacker-controlled policy values.
+	if info.Mode().Perm()&0o002 != 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("refusing to read world-writable MDM source %s (mode %o)",
+			policyPlistPath, info.Mode().Perm())
+	}
+
+	raw := make(map[string]any)
+	if err := plist.NewDecoder(f).Decode(&raw); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode plist %s: %w", policyPlistPath, err)
+	}
+
+	out := make(map[string]any, len(raw))
+	for name, val := range raw {
+		// macOS / AppConfig conventions both use camelCase for managed
+		// preferences keys; canonicalize to the mdm.Key* form so a key
+		// written as "ManagementURL" (PascalCase, rare on macOS but
+		// possible if the admin reused an ADMX-style name) still
+		// resolves.
+		canonical, known := canonicalKey[strings.ToLower(name)]
+		if !known {
+			log.Warnf("MDM ignoring unknown plist key %s: %s", policyPlistPath, name)
+			continue
+		}
+		out[canonical] = val
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}

client/mdm/policy_mobile.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//go:build ios || android
+
+package mdm
+
+// loadPlatformPolicy is unused on mobile: the native layer (Swift on iOS,
+// Kotlin/Java on Android) reads the OS managed-config store and pushes the
+// resulting dictionary in-process via a gomobile entry point that lands in
+// Phase 5 / Phase 6. The stub keeps the package compilable for mobile
+// builds and returns (nil, nil) — the platform-absent sentinel that
+// LoadPolicy in policy.go treats as "no MDM source present".
+func loadPlatformPolicy() (map[string]any, error) {
+	//nolint:nilnil // (nil, nil) is the documented platform-absent sentinel; see LoadPolicy.
+	return nil, nil
+}

client/mdm/policy_other.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//go:build !windows && !darwin && !ios && !android
+
+package mdm
+
+// loadPlatformPolicy returns no policy on platforms without an MDM channel
+// (Linux, FreeBSD). MDM enforcement is off and the client behaves as if
+// the feature did not exist. Returns (nil, nil) — the platform-absent
+// sentinel the caller (LoadPolicy in policy.go) treats as "no MDM
+// source present"; an error here would just translate to the same
+// outcome with an extra log line.
+func loadPlatformPolicy() (map[string]any, error) {
+	//nolint:nilnil // (nil, nil) is the documented platform-absent sentinel; see LoadPolicy.
+	return nil, nil
+}

client/mdm/policy_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+package mdm
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestPolicy_NilSafe(t *testing.T) {
+	var p *Policy
+	assert.True(t, p.IsEmpty())
+	assert.False(t, p.HasKey(KeyManagementURL))
+	assert.Empty(t, p.ManagedKeys())
+
+	_, ok := p.GetString(KeyManagementURL)
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+	_, ok = p.GetBool(KeyDisableProfiles)
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+	_, ok = p.GetStringSlice(KeySplitTunnelApps)
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+}
+
+func TestPolicy_Empty(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPolicy(nil)
+	require.NotNil(t, p)
+	assert.True(t, p.IsEmpty())
+	assert.False(t, p.HasKey(KeyManagementURL))
+	assert.Empty(t, p.ManagedKeys())
+}
+
+func TestPolicy_HasKey(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		KeyManagementURL:    "https://corp.example.com",
+		KeyDisableProfiles:  true,
+	})
+	assert.False(t, p.IsEmpty())
+	assert.True(t, p.HasKey(KeyManagementURL))
+	assert.True(t, p.HasKey(KeyDisableProfiles))
+	assert.False(t, p.HasKey(KeyPreSharedKey))
+}
+
+func TestPolicy_ManagedKeysSorted(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		KeyDisableProfiles: true,
+		KeyManagementURL:   "https://x",
+		KeyAllowServerSSH:  false,
+	})
+	got := p.ManagedKeys()
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{KeyAllowServerSSH, KeyDisableProfiles, KeyManagementURL}, got)
+}
+
+func TestPolicy_GetString(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		KeyManagementURL:   "https://corp.example.com",
+		KeyDisableProfiles: true,            // wrong type for GetString
+		KeyPreSharedKey:        "",              // empty rejected
+	})
+	v, ok := p.GetString(KeyManagementURL)
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://corp.example.com", v)
+
+	_, ok = p.GetString(KeyDisableProfiles)
+	assert.False(t, ok, "non-string value must not be reported as string")
+
+	_, ok = p.GetString(KeyPreSharedKey)
+	assert.False(t, ok, "empty string treated as unset")
+
+	_, ok = p.GetString("nonexistent")
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+}
+
+func TestPolicy_GetBool(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		raw  any
+		want bool
+		ok   bool
+	}{
+		{"native true", true, true, true},
+		{"native false", false, false, true},
+		{"string true", "true", true, true},
+		{"string false", "false", false, true},
+		{"string 1", "1", true, true},
+		{"string 0", "0", false, true},
+		{"string yes", "yes", true, true},
+		{"string no", "no", false, true},
+		{"int nonzero", 1, true, true},
+		{"int zero", 0, false, true},
+		{"int64 nonzero", int64(2), true, true},
+		{"int64 zero", int64(0), false, true},
+		{"string garbage", "maybe", false, false},
+		{"float unsupported", 1.0, false, false},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			p := NewPolicy(map[string]any{KeyDisableProfiles: c.raw})
+			got, ok := p.GetBool(KeyDisableProfiles)
+			assert.Equal(t, c.ok, ok)
+			if c.ok {
+				assert.Equal(t, c.want, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	_, ok := NewPolicy(nil).GetBool(KeyDisableProfiles)
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+}
+
+func TestPolicy_GetStringSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("native string slice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p := NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+			KeySplitTunnelApps: []string{"com.a", "com.b"},
+		})
+		got, ok := p.GetStringSlice(KeySplitTunnelApps)
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"com.a", "com.b"}, got)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("any slice of strings", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p := NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+			KeySplitTunnelApps: []any{"com.a", "com.b"},
+		})
+		got, ok := p.GetStringSlice(KeySplitTunnelApps)
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"com.a", "com.b"}, got)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("single string lifts to one-element slice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p := NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+			KeySplitTunnelApps: "com.a",
+		})
+		got, ok := p.GetStringSlice(KeySplitTunnelApps)
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"com.a"}, got)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("mixed any slice rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p := NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+			KeySplitTunnelApps: []any{"com.a", 1},
+		})
+		_, ok := p.GetStringSlice(KeySplitTunnelApps)
+		assert.False(t, ok)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing key", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p := NewPolicy(nil)
+		_, ok := p.GetStringSlice(KeySplitTunnelApps)
+		assert.False(t, ok)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestLoadPolicy_PlatformStubReturnsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	// loadPlatformPolicy is a stub on every OS for Phase 1. LoadPolicy must
+	// degrade gracefully and never return nil.
+	p := LoadPolicy()
+	require.NotNil(t, p)
+	assert.True(t, p.IsEmpty())
+	assert.Empty(t, p.ManagedKeys())
+}

client/mdm/policy_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package mdm
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows/registry"
+)
+
+// policyRegistryPath is the well-known MDM policy registry key for NetBird.
+// Admins push values here through Group Policy, Intune ADMX ingestion, an
+// Intune custom Registry CSP profile, or `reg add` during MSI deployment.
+// Listed in the project's docs/mdm/netbird.admx schema.
+const policyRegistryPath = `Software\Policies\NetBird`
+
+// readRegistryValue reads a single value under policyRegistryPath and,
+// on success, stores the type-coerced result in out[canonical]. Type
+// coercion mirrors loadPlatformPolicy's documented mapping:
+//   - REG_SZ / REG_EXPAND_SZ -> string (REG_EXPAND_SZ is expanded by the API)
+//   - REG_DWORD / REG_QWORD  -> int64
+//   - REG_MULTI_SZ           -> []string
+//
+// Unsupported value types and per-value read failures are logged at
+// warn level and skipped — one malformed value must not block the
+// surrounding loop. Extracted from loadPlatformPolicy to keep that
+// function's cognitive complexity in check.
+func readRegistryValue(k registry.Key, name, canonical string, out map[string]any) {
+	_, valType, err := k.GetValue(name, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("MDM stat %s\\%s: %v", policyRegistryPath, name, err)
+		return
+	}
+	switch valType {
+	case registry.SZ, registry.EXPAND_SZ:
+		if v, _, err := k.GetStringValue(name); err == nil {
+			out[canonical] = v
+		} else {
+			log.Warnf("MDM read string %s\\%s: %v", policyRegistryPath, name, err)
+		}
+	case registry.DWORD, registry.QWORD:
+		if v, _, err := k.GetIntegerValue(name); err == nil {
+			// uint64 from the registry API; Policy.GetBool / GetInt
+			// helpers consume int64, so narrow safely.
+			out[canonical] = int64(v)
+		} else {
+			log.Warnf("MDM read int %s\\%s: %v", policyRegistryPath, name, err)
+		}
+	case registry.MULTI_SZ:
+		if v, _, err := k.GetStringsValue(name); err == nil {
+			out[canonical] = v
+		} else {
+			log.Warnf("MDM read multi-string %s\\%s: %v", policyRegistryPath, name, err)
+		}
+	default:
+		log.Warnf("MDM ignoring unsupported registry value type %d at %s\\%s",
+			valType, policyRegistryPath, name)
+	}
+}
+
+// loadPlatformPolicy reads the MDM-managed configuration from the
+// Windows registry under HKLM\Software\Policies\NetBird. Returns:
+//   - (nil, nil)  when the key is absent (device not MDM-enrolled for NetBird)
+//   - (map, nil)  with N entries when N managed values are set (N may be 0)
+//   - (nil, err)  on open / enumerate registry errors
+//
+// Per-value type coercion + skip-on-error is delegated to
+// readRegistryValue. Unknown value names are logged and skipped so a
+// malformed deployment does not block startup.
+func loadPlatformPolicy() (map[string]any, error) {
+	k, err := registry.OpenKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, policyRegistryPath, registry.QUERY_VALUE)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, registry.ErrNotExist) {
+			// Not enrolled. Caller treats nil as "no MDM source present".
+			//nolint:nilnil // (nil, nil) is the documented platform-absent sentinel; see LoadPolicy.
+			return nil, nil
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open %s: %w", policyRegistryPath, err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if closeErr := k.Close(); closeErr != nil {
+			log.Warnf("MDM close registry key %s: %v", policyRegistryPath, closeErr)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	names, err := k.ReadValueNames(-1)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("enumerate values of %s: %w", policyRegistryPath, err)
+	}
+
+	out := make(map[string]any, len(names))
+	for _, name := range names {
+		// Canonicalize the registry value name against the known MDM key
+		// set so Policy.HasKey lookups (which use the canonical names)
+		// succeed regardless of the casing used by the admin's ADMX or
+		// `reg add` command.
+		canonical, known := canonicalKey[strings.ToLower(name)]
+		if !known {
+			log.Warnf("MDM ignoring unknown registry value %s\\%s", policyRegistryPath, name)
+			continue
+		}
+		readRegistryValue(k, name, canonical, out)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}

client/mdm/ticker.go

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package mdm
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"reflect"
+	"sort"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// DefaultReloadInterval is the production cadence at which the desktop daemon
+// re-reads the OS-native MDM policy. Picked to balance responsiveness against
+// registry/plist I/O overhead. Mobile builds use OS-side notifications
+// instead, hence anticipating the ticker mechanism entirely.
+const DefaultReloadInterval = 1 * time.Minute
+
+// policyLoader is the indirection through which the ticker reads the
+// OS-native policy, both for the initial observation and on every tick.
+// Production points it at LoadPolicy; tests in this package override it to
+// feed a scripted sequence of policies without touching the real OS store.
+var policyLoader = LoadPolicy
+
+// Ticker periodically re-reads the OS-native MDM policy via LoadPolicy and
+// invokes the onChange callback (supplied to Run) whenever the observed
+// Policy diverges from the last observation (added / removed / changed
+// keys). Launch with Run from a goroutine; cancel the supplied context
+// to stop.
+type Ticker struct {
+	interval time.Duration
+	prev     *Policy
+}
+
+// NewTicker constructs a Ticker that will re-read the OS-native policy
+// every reloadInterval once Run is called.
+// The initial snapshot is populated by calling policyLoader at
+// construction time so the first tick only fires
+// onChange when the policy actually changed since boot — without
+// this baseline the first tick would report every currently-managed
+// key as "added" and trigger a spurious engine restart.
+func NewTicker(reloadInterval time.Duration) *Ticker {
+	return &Ticker{
+		interval: reloadInterval,
+		prev:     policyLoader(),
+	}
+}
+
+// Run blocks until ctx is cancelled, polling the OS-native policy store at
+// the configured cadence and emitting log lines + onChange callback on
+// every observed diff. onChange must be non-nil.
+func (t *Ticker) Run(ctx context.Context, onChange func(prev, curr *Policy) error) {
+	tk := time.NewTicker(t.interval)
+	defer tk.Stop()
+	log.Infof("MDM policy reload ticker started (interval=%s)", t.interval)
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			log.Info("MDM policy reload ticker stopped")
+			return
+		case <-tk.C:
+			curr := policyLoader()
+			if policiesEqual(t.prev, curr) {
+				continue
+			}
+			added, removed, changed := diffPolicies(t.prev, curr)
+			log.Infof("MDM policy changed: added=%v removed=%v changed=%v",
+				added, removed, changed)
+			prev := t.prev
+			if err := onChange(prev, curr); err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("MDM policy change handler failed (retrying in 1 minute): %v", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			t.prev = curr
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// policiesEqual reports whether two Policy instances carry the same
+// managed key set with identical values. Nil and empty policies
+// compare equal; one-nil/one-non-empty compare not equal; otherwise
+// the underlying values maps are compared with reflect.DeepEqual.
+func policiesEqual(a, b *Policy) bool {
+	if a.IsEmpty() && b.IsEmpty() {
+		return true
+	}
+	if a == nil || b == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return reflect.DeepEqual(a.values, b.values)
+}
+
+// diffPolicies returns the keys added in curr, removed from prev, and
+// whose values changed between prev and curr. Each slice is sorted
+// lexicographically for stable log output; value differences are
+// determined with reflect.DeepEqual.
+func diffPolicies(prev, curr *Policy) (added, removed, changed []string) {
+	prevKVs := mapOf(prev)
+	currKVs := mapOf(curr)
+	for k := range currKVs {
+		if _, ok := prevKVs[k]; !ok {
+			added = append(added, k)
+		} else if !reflect.DeepEqual(prevKVs[k], currKVs[k]) {
+			changed = append(changed, k)
+		}
+	}
+	for k := range prevKVs {
+		if _, ok := currKVs[k]; !ok {
+			removed = append(removed, k)
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Strings(added)
+	sort.Strings(removed)
+	sort.Strings(changed)
+	return added, removed, changed
+}
+
+// mapOf returns a (possibly empty, never nil) copy of the underlying
+// values map of a Policy so callers outside this package can compare
+// keys/values across the type boundary. Returns an empty map on nil p.
+func mapOf(p *Policy) map[string]any {
+	if p == nil {
+		return map[string]any{}
+	}
+	out := make(map[string]any, len(p.values))
+	for k, v := range p.values {
+		out[k] = v
+	}
+	return out
+}

client/mdm/ticker_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package mdm
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// testReloadInterval for speeding up the ticker cadence under `go test`
+const testReloadInterval = 1 * time.Second
+
+// withPolicyLoader overrides the package-level policyLoader for the duration
+// of the test so the ticker observes a scripted policy instead of the real
+// OS-native store. The original loader is restored on cleanup.
+func withPolicyLoader(t *testing.T, fn func() *Policy) {
+	t.Helper()
+	prev := policyLoader
+	policyLoader = fn
+	t.Cleanup(func() { policyLoader = prev })
+}
+
+func TestTicker_FiresOnChangeWithDelta(t *testing.T) {
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	current := NewPolicy(nil) // initial observation: empty (no enforcement)
+	withPolicyLoader(t, func() *Policy {
+		mu.Lock()
+		defer mu.Unlock()
+		return current
+	})
+
+	type change struct{ prev, curr *Policy }
+	changes := make(chan change, 1)
+	tk := NewTicker(testReloadInterval)
+	require.Equal(t, testReloadInterval, tk.interval)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		tk.Run(ctx, func(prev, curr *Policy) error {
+			select {
+			case changes <- change{prev, curr}:
+			default:
+			}
+			return nil
+		})
+		close(done)
+	}()
+	// Stop Run and wait for it to exit before returning, so the policyLoader
+	// restore in t.Cleanup can't race the ticker goroutine still reading it.
+	defer func() { cancel(); <-done }()
+
+	// Flip the OS-observed policy from empty to one managed key. The next
+	// tick must detect the diff and invoke onChange.
+	mu.Lock()
+	current = NewPolicy(map[string]any{KeyManagementURL: "https://mdm.example.com:443"})
+	mu.Unlock()
+
+	select {
+	case c := <-changes:
+		assert.True(t, c.prev.IsEmpty(), "prev should be the initial empty policy")
+		assert.True(t, c.curr.HasKey(KeyManagementURL), "curr should carry the newly-pushed managed key")
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("onChange not invoked within 5s; ticker should fire every 1s under test")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTicker_NoCallbackWhenPolicyUnchanged(t *testing.T) {
+	withPolicyLoader(t, func() *Policy {
+		return NewPolicy(map[string]any{KeyBlockInbound: true})
+	})
+
+	fired := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+	tk := NewTicker(testReloadInterval)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		tk.Run(ctx, func(_, _ *Policy) error {
+			select {
+			case fired <- struct{}{}:
+			default:
+			}
+			return nil
+		})
+		close(done)
+	}()
+	defer func() { cancel(); <-done }()
+
+	// Over ~2 ticks at the 1s test cadence the policy never changes, so the
+	// diff guard must suppress the callback entirely.
+	select {
+	case <-fired:
+		t.Fatal("onChange fired despite an unchanged policy")
+	case <-time.After(2500 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+}

client/proto/daemon.pb.go

@@ -1191,8 +1191,14 @@ type GetConfigResponse struct {
 	DisableSSHAuth                bool   `protobuf:"varint,25,opt,name=disableSSHAuth,proto3" json:"disableSSHAuth,omitempty"`
 	SshJWTCacheTTL                int32  `protobuf:"varint,26,opt,name=sshJWTCacheTTL,proto3" json:"sshJWTCacheTTL,omitempty"`
 	DisableIpv6                   bool   `protobuf:"varint,27,opt,name=disable_ipv6,json=disableIpv6,proto3" json:"disable_ipv6,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields                 protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache                     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	// mDMManagedFields lists the names of configuration keys whose value is
+	// currently enforced by an MDM policy. Names match mdm.Key* constants
+	// (e.g. "managementURL", "disableClientRoutes"). UI/CLI clients should
+	// render the corresponding inputs as read-only and display a "managed
+	// by MDM" indicator.
+	MDMManagedFields []string `protobuf:"bytes,28,rep,name=mDMManagedFields,proto3" json:"mDMManagedFields,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields    protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache        protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
 
 func (x *GetConfigResponse) Reset() {
@@ -1414,6 +1420,13 @@ func (x *GetConfigResponse) GetDisableIpv6() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+func (x *GetConfigResponse) GetMDMManagedFields() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.MDMManagedFields
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // PeerState contains the latest state of a peer
 type PeerState struct {
 	state                      protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
@@ -4961,6 +4974,55 @@ func (x *GetFeaturesResponse) GetDisableNetworks() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+// MDMManagedFieldsViolation is attached as a gRPC error detail on a
+// FailedPrecondition status returned from SetConfig (and similar mutating
+// RPCs) when the caller tries to modify one or more MDM-enforced fields.
+// The fields list contains the offending key names; the entire request is
+// rejected (no partial apply).
+type MDMManagedFieldsViolation struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Fields        []string               `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=fields,proto3" json:"fields,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *MDMManagedFieldsViolation) Reset() {
+	*x = MDMManagedFieldsViolation{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[71]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *MDMManagedFieldsViolation) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*MDMManagedFieldsViolation) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *MDMManagedFieldsViolation) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[71]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use MDMManagedFieldsViolation.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*MDMManagedFieldsViolation) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{71}
+}
+
+func (x *MDMManagedFieldsViolation) GetFields() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Fields
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type TriggerUpdateRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
@@ -4969,7 +5031,7 @@ type TriggerUpdateRequest struct {
 
 func (x *TriggerUpdateRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = TriggerUpdateRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[71]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[72]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -4981,7 +5043,7 @@ func (x *TriggerUpdateRequest) String() string {
 func (*TriggerUpdateRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *TriggerUpdateRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[71]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[72]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4994,7 +5056,7 @@ func (x *TriggerUpdateRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use TriggerUpdateRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*TriggerUpdateRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{71}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{72}
 }
 
 type TriggerUpdateResponse struct {
@@ -5007,7 +5069,7 @@ type TriggerUpdateResponse struct {
 
 func (x *TriggerUpdateResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = TriggerUpdateResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[72]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[73]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5019,7 +5081,7 @@ func (x *TriggerUpdateResponse) String() string {
 func (*TriggerUpdateResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *TriggerUpdateResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[72]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[73]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5032,7 +5094,7 @@ func (x *TriggerUpdateResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use TriggerUpdateResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*TriggerUpdateResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{72}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{73}
 }
 
 func (x *TriggerUpdateResponse) GetSuccess() bool {
@@ -5060,7 +5122,7 @@ type GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest struct {
 
 func (x *GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[73]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[74]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5072,7 +5134,7 @@ func (x *GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest) String() string {
 func (*GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[73]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[74]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5085,7 +5147,7 @@ func (x *GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{73}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{74}
 }
 
 func (x *GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest) GetPeerAddress() string {
@@ -5112,7 +5174,7 @@ type GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse struct {
 
 func (x *GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[74]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[75]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5124,7 +5186,7 @@ func (x *GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse) String() string {
 func (*GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[74]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[75]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5137,7 +5199,7 @@ func (x *GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{74}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{75}
 }
 
 func (x *GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse) GetSshHostKey() []byte {
@@ -5179,7 +5241,7 @@ type RequestJWTAuthRequest struct {
 
 func (x *RequestJWTAuthRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = RequestJWTAuthRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[75]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[76]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5191,7 +5253,7 @@ func (x *RequestJWTAuthRequest) String() string {
 func (*RequestJWTAuthRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *RequestJWTAuthRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[75]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[76]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5204,7 +5266,7 @@ func (x *RequestJWTAuthRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use RequestJWTAuthRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*RequestJWTAuthRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{75}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{76}
 }
 
 func (x *RequestJWTAuthRequest) GetHint() string {
@@ -5237,7 +5299,7 @@ type RequestJWTAuthResponse struct {
 
 func (x *RequestJWTAuthResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = RequestJWTAuthResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[76]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[77]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5249,7 +5311,7 @@ func (x *RequestJWTAuthResponse) String() string {
 func (*RequestJWTAuthResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *RequestJWTAuthResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[76]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[77]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5262,7 +5324,7 @@ func (x *RequestJWTAuthResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use RequestJWTAuthResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*RequestJWTAuthResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{76}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{77}
 }
 
 func (x *RequestJWTAuthResponse) GetVerificationURI() string {
@@ -5327,7 +5389,7 @@ type WaitJWTTokenRequest struct {
 
 func (x *WaitJWTTokenRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = WaitJWTTokenRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[77]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[78]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5339,7 +5401,7 @@ func (x *WaitJWTTokenRequest) String() string {
 func (*WaitJWTTokenRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *WaitJWTTokenRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[77]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[78]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5352,7 +5414,7 @@ func (x *WaitJWTTokenRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use WaitJWTTokenRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*WaitJWTTokenRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{77}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{78}
 }
 
 func (x *WaitJWTTokenRequest) GetDeviceCode() string {
@@ -5384,7 +5446,7 @@ type WaitJWTTokenResponse struct {
 
 func (x *WaitJWTTokenResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = WaitJWTTokenResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[78]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[79]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5396,7 +5458,7 @@ func (x *WaitJWTTokenResponse) String() string {
 func (*WaitJWTTokenResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *WaitJWTTokenResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[78]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[79]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5409,7 +5471,7 @@ func (x *WaitJWTTokenResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use WaitJWTTokenResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*WaitJWTTokenResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{78}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{79}
 }
 
 func (x *WaitJWTTokenResponse) GetToken() string {
@@ -5442,7 +5504,7 @@ type StartCPUProfileRequest struct {
 
 func (x *StartCPUProfileRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = StartCPUProfileRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[79]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[80]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5454,7 +5516,7 @@ func (x *StartCPUProfileRequest) String() string {
 func (*StartCPUProfileRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *StartCPUProfileRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[79]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[80]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5467,7 +5529,7 @@ func (x *StartCPUProfileRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use StartCPUProfileRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*StartCPUProfileRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{79}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{80}
 }
 
 // StartCPUProfileResponse confirms CPU profiling has started
@@ -5479,7 +5541,7 @@ type StartCPUProfileResponse struct {
 
 func (x *StartCPUProfileResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = StartCPUProfileResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[80]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[81]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5491,7 +5553,7 @@ func (x *StartCPUProfileResponse) String() string {
 func (*StartCPUProfileResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *StartCPUProfileResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[80]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[81]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5504,7 +5566,7 @@ func (x *StartCPUProfileResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use StartCPUProfileResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*StartCPUProfileResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{80}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{81}
 }
 
 // StopCPUProfileRequest for stopping CPU profiling
@@ -5516,7 +5578,7 @@ type StopCPUProfileRequest struct {
 
 func (x *StopCPUProfileRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = StopCPUProfileRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[81]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[82]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5528,7 +5590,7 @@ func (x *StopCPUProfileRequest) String() string {
 func (*StopCPUProfileRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *StopCPUProfileRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[81]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[82]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5541,7 +5603,7 @@ func (x *StopCPUProfileRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use StopCPUProfileRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*StopCPUProfileRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{81}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{82}
 }
 
 // StopCPUProfileResponse confirms CPU profiling has stopped
@@ -5553,7 +5615,7 @@ type StopCPUProfileResponse struct {
 
 func (x *StopCPUProfileResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = StopCPUProfileResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[82]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[83]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5565,7 +5627,7 @@ func (x *StopCPUProfileResponse) String() string {
 func (*StopCPUProfileResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *StopCPUProfileResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[82]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[83]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5578,7 +5640,7 @@ func (x *StopCPUProfileResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use StopCPUProfileResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*StopCPUProfileResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{82}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{83}
 }
 
 type InstallerResultRequest struct {
@@ -5589,7 +5651,7 @@ type InstallerResultRequest struct {
 
 func (x *InstallerResultRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = InstallerResultRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[83]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[84]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5601,7 +5663,7 @@ func (x *InstallerResultRequest) String() string {
 func (*InstallerResultRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *InstallerResultRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[83]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[84]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5614,7 +5676,7 @@ func (x *InstallerResultRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use InstallerResultRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*InstallerResultRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{83}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{84}
 }
 
 type InstallerResultResponse struct {
@@ -5627,7 +5689,7 @@ type InstallerResultResponse struct {
 
 func (x *InstallerResultResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = InstallerResultResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[84]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[85]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5639,7 +5701,7 @@ func (x *InstallerResultResponse) String() string {
 func (*InstallerResultResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *InstallerResultResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[84]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[85]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5652,7 +5714,7 @@ func (x *InstallerResultResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use InstallerResultResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*InstallerResultResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{84}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{85}
 }
 
 func (x *InstallerResultResponse) GetSuccess() bool {
@@ -5685,7 +5747,7 @@ type ExposeServiceRequest struct {
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = ExposeServiceRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[85]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[86]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5697,7 +5759,7 @@ func (x *ExposeServiceRequest) String() string {
 func (*ExposeServiceRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[85]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[86]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5710,7 +5772,7 @@ func (x *ExposeServiceRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ExposeServiceRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ExposeServiceRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{85}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{86}
 }
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceRequest) GetPort() uint32 {
@@ -5781,7 +5843,7 @@ type ExposeServiceEvent struct {
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceEvent) Reset() {
 	*x = ExposeServiceEvent{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[86]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[87]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5793,7 +5855,7 @@ func (x *ExposeServiceEvent) String() string {
 func (*ExposeServiceEvent) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceEvent) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[86]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[87]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5806,7 +5868,7 @@ func (x *ExposeServiceEvent) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ExposeServiceEvent.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ExposeServiceEvent) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{86}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{87}
 }
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceEvent) GetEvent() isExposeServiceEvent_Event {
@@ -5847,7 +5909,7 @@ type ExposeServiceReady struct {
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceReady) Reset() {
 	*x = ExposeServiceReady{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[87]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[88]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5859,7 +5921,7 @@ func (x *ExposeServiceReady) String() string {
 func (*ExposeServiceReady) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceReady) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[87]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[88]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5872,7 +5934,7 @@ func (x *ExposeServiceReady) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ExposeServiceReady.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ExposeServiceReady) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{87}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{88}
 }
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceReady) GetServiceName() string {
@@ -5917,7 +5979,7 @@ type StartCaptureRequest struct {
 
 func (x *StartCaptureRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = StartCaptureRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[88]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[89]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5929,7 +5991,7 @@ func (x *StartCaptureRequest) String() string {
 func (*StartCaptureRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *StartCaptureRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[88]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[89]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5942,7 +6004,7 @@ func (x *StartCaptureRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use StartCaptureRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*StartCaptureRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{88}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{89}
 }
 
 func (x *StartCaptureRequest) GetTextOutput() bool {
@@ -5996,7 +6058,7 @@ type CapturePacket struct {
 
 func (x *CapturePacket) Reset() {
 	*x = CapturePacket{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[89]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[90]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -6008,7 +6070,7 @@ func (x *CapturePacket) String() string {
 func (*CapturePacket) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *CapturePacket) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[89]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[90]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -6021,7 +6083,7 @@ func (x *CapturePacket) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use CapturePacket.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*CapturePacket) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{89}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{90}
 }
 
 func (x *CapturePacket) GetData() []byte {
@@ -6042,7 +6104,7 @@ type StartBundleCaptureRequest struct {
 
 func (x *StartBundleCaptureRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = StartBundleCaptureRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[90]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[91]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -6054,7 +6116,7 @@ func (x *StartBundleCaptureRequest) String() string {
 func (*StartBundleCaptureRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *StartBundleCaptureRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[90]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[91]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -6067,7 +6129,7 @@ func (x *StartBundleCaptureRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use StartBundleCaptureRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*StartBundleCaptureRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{90}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{91}
 }
 
 func (x *StartBundleCaptureRequest) GetTimeout() *durationpb.Duration {
@@ -6085,7 +6147,7 @@ type StartBundleCaptureResponse struct {
 
 func (x *StartBundleCaptureResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = StartBundleCaptureResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[91]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[92]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -6097,7 +6159,7 @@ func (x *StartBundleCaptureResponse) String() string {
 func (*StartBundleCaptureResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *StartBundleCaptureResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[91]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[92]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -6110,7 +6172,7 @@ func (x *StartBundleCaptureResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use StartBundleCaptureResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*StartBundleCaptureResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{91}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{92}
 }
 
 type StopBundleCaptureRequest struct {
@@ -6121,7 +6183,7 @@ type StopBundleCaptureRequest struct {
 
 func (x *StopBundleCaptureRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = StopBundleCaptureRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[92]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[93]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -6133,7 +6195,7 @@ func (x *StopBundleCaptureRequest) String() string {
 func (*StopBundleCaptureRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *StopBundleCaptureRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[92]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[93]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -6146,7 +6208,7 @@ func (x *StopBundleCaptureRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use StopBundleCaptureRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*StopBundleCaptureRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{92}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{93}
 }
 
 type StopBundleCaptureResponse struct {
@@ -6157,7 +6219,7 @@ type StopBundleCaptureResponse struct {
 
 func (x *StopBundleCaptureResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = StopBundleCaptureResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[93]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[94]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -6169,7 +6231,7 @@ func (x *StopBundleCaptureResponse) String() string {
 func (*StopBundleCaptureResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *StopBundleCaptureResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[93]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[94]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -6182,7 +6244,7 @@ func (x *StopBundleCaptureResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use StopBundleCaptureResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*StopBundleCaptureResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{93}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{94}
 }
 
 type PortInfo_Range struct {
@@ -6195,7 +6257,7 @@ type PortInfo_Range struct {
 
 func (x *PortInfo_Range) Reset() {
 	*x = PortInfo_Range{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[95]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[96]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -6207,7 +6269,7 @@ func (x *PortInfo_Range) String() string {
 func (*PortInfo_Range) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *PortInfo_Range) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[95]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[96]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -6348,7 +6410,7 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\fDownResponse\"P\n" +
 	"\x10GetConfigRequest\x12 \n" +
 	"\vprofileName\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\vprofileName\x12\x1a\n" +
-	"\busername\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\busername\"\xfe\b\n" +
+	"\busername\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\busername\"\xaa\t\n" +
 	"\x11GetConfigResponse\x12$\n" +
 	"\rmanagementUrl\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\rmanagementUrl\x12\x1e\n" +
 	"\n" +
@@ -6380,7 +6442,8 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x1denableSSHRemotePortForwarding\x18\x17 \x01(\bR\x1denableSSHRemotePortForwarding\x12&\n" +
 	"\x0edisableSSHAuth\x18\x19 \x01(\bR\x0edisableSSHAuth\x12&\n" +
 	"\x0esshJWTCacheTTL\x18\x1a \x01(\x05R\x0esshJWTCacheTTL\x12!\n" +
-	"\fdisable_ipv6\x18\x1b \x01(\bR\vdisableIpv6\"\x92\x06\n" +
+	"\fdisable_ipv6\x18\x1b \x01(\bR\vdisableIpv6\x12*\n" +
+	"\x10mDMManagedFields\x18\x1c \x03(\tR\x10mDMManagedFields\"\x92\x06\n" +
 	"\tPeerState\x12\x0e\n" +
 	"\x02IP\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x02IP\x12\x16\n" +
 	"\x06pubKey\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\x06pubKey\x12\x1e\n" +
@@ -6695,7 +6758,9 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x13GetFeaturesResponse\x12)\n" +
 	"\x10disable_profiles\x18\x01 \x01(\bR\x0fdisableProfiles\x126\n" +
 	"\x17disable_update_settings\x18\x02 \x01(\bR\x15disableUpdateSettings\x12)\n" +
-	"\x10disable_networks\x18\x03 \x01(\bR\x0fdisableNetworks\"\x16\n" +
+	"\x10disable_networks\x18\x03 \x01(\bR\x0fdisableNetworks\"3\n" +
+	"\x19MDMManagedFieldsViolation\x12\x16\n" +
+	"\x06fields\x18\x01 \x03(\tR\x06fields\"\x16\n" +
 	"\x14TriggerUpdateRequest\"M\n" +
 	"\x15TriggerUpdateResponse\x12\x18\n" +
 	"\asuccess\x18\x01 \x01(\bR\asuccess\x12\x1a\n" +
@@ -6851,7 +6916,7 @@ func file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
 }
 
 var file_daemon_proto_enumTypes = make([]protoimpl.EnumInfo, 4)
-var file_daemon_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 97)
+var file_daemon_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 98)
 var file_daemon_proto_goTypes = []any{
 	(LogLevel)(0),                              // 0: daemon.LogLevel
 	(ExposeProtocol)(0),                        // 1: daemon.ExposeProtocol
@@ -6928,41 +6993,42 @@ var file_daemon_proto_goTypes = []any{
 	(*LogoutResponse)(nil),                     // 72: daemon.LogoutResponse
 	(*GetFeaturesRequest)(nil),                 // 73: daemon.GetFeaturesRequest
 	(*GetFeaturesResponse)(nil),                // 74: daemon.GetFeaturesResponse
-	(*TriggerUpdateRequest)(nil),               // 75: daemon.TriggerUpdateRequest
-	(*TriggerUpdateResponse)(nil),              // 76: daemon.TriggerUpdateResponse
-	(*GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest)(nil),           // 77: daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest
-	(*GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse)(nil),          // 78: daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse
-	(*RequestJWTAuthRequest)(nil),              // 79: daemon.RequestJWTAuthRequest
-	(*RequestJWTAuthResponse)(nil),             // 80: daemon.RequestJWTAuthResponse
-	(*WaitJWTTokenRequest)(nil),                // 81: daemon.WaitJWTTokenRequest
-	(*WaitJWTTokenResponse)(nil),               // 82: daemon.WaitJWTTokenResponse
-	(*StartCPUProfileRequest)(nil),             // 83: daemon.StartCPUProfileRequest
-	(*StartCPUProfileResponse)(nil),            // 84: daemon.StartCPUProfileResponse
-	(*StopCPUProfileRequest)(nil),              // 85: daemon.StopCPUProfileRequest
-	(*StopCPUProfileResponse)(nil),             // 86: daemon.StopCPUProfileResponse
-	(*InstallerResultRequest)(nil),             // 87: daemon.InstallerResultRequest
-	(*InstallerResultResponse)(nil),            // 88: daemon.InstallerResultResponse
-	(*ExposeServiceRequest)(nil),               // 89: daemon.ExposeServiceRequest
-	(*ExposeServiceEvent)(nil),                 // 90: daemon.ExposeServiceEvent
-	(*ExposeServiceReady)(nil),                 // 91: daemon.ExposeServiceReady
-	(*StartCaptureRequest)(nil),                // 92: daemon.StartCaptureRequest
-	(*CapturePacket)(nil),                      // 93: daemon.CapturePacket
-	(*StartBundleCaptureRequest)(nil),          // 94: daemon.StartBundleCaptureRequest
-	(*StartBundleCaptureResponse)(nil),         // 95: daemon.StartBundleCaptureResponse
-	(*StopBundleCaptureRequest)(nil),           // 96: daemon.StopBundleCaptureRequest
-	(*StopBundleCaptureResponse)(nil),          // 97: daemon.StopBundleCaptureResponse
-	nil,                                        // 98: daemon.Network.ResolvedIPsEntry
-	(*PortInfo_Range)(nil),                     // 99: daemon.PortInfo.Range
-	nil,                                        // 100: daemon.SystemEvent.MetadataEntry
-	(*durationpb.Duration)(nil),                // 101: google.protobuf.Duration
-	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),              // 102: google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	(*MDMManagedFieldsViolation)(nil),          // 75: daemon.MDMManagedFieldsViolation
+	(*TriggerUpdateRequest)(nil),               // 76: daemon.TriggerUpdateRequest
+	(*TriggerUpdateResponse)(nil),              // 77: daemon.TriggerUpdateResponse
+	(*GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest)(nil),           // 78: daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest
+	(*GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse)(nil),          // 79: daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse
+	(*RequestJWTAuthRequest)(nil),              // 80: daemon.RequestJWTAuthRequest
+	(*RequestJWTAuthResponse)(nil),             // 81: daemon.RequestJWTAuthResponse
+	(*WaitJWTTokenRequest)(nil),                // 82: daemon.WaitJWTTokenRequest
+	(*WaitJWTTokenResponse)(nil),               // 83: daemon.WaitJWTTokenResponse
+	(*StartCPUProfileRequest)(nil),             // 84: daemon.StartCPUProfileRequest
+	(*StartCPUProfileResponse)(nil),            // 85: daemon.StartCPUProfileResponse
+	(*StopCPUProfileRequest)(nil),              // 86: daemon.StopCPUProfileRequest
+	(*StopCPUProfileResponse)(nil),             // 87: daemon.StopCPUProfileResponse
+	(*InstallerResultRequest)(nil),             // 88: daemon.InstallerResultRequest
+	(*InstallerResultResponse)(nil),            // 89: daemon.InstallerResultResponse
+	(*ExposeServiceRequest)(nil),               // 90: daemon.ExposeServiceRequest
+	(*ExposeServiceEvent)(nil),                 // 91: daemon.ExposeServiceEvent
+	(*ExposeServiceReady)(nil),                 // 92: daemon.ExposeServiceReady
+	(*StartCaptureRequest)(nil),                // 93: daemon.StartCaptureRequest
+	(*CapturePacket)(nil),                      // 94: daemon.CapturePacket
+	(*StartBundleCaptureRequest)(nil),          // 95: daemon.StartBundleCaptureRequest
+	(*StartBundleCaptureResponse)(nil),         // 96: daemon.StartBundleCaptureResponse
+	(*StopBundleCaptureRequest)(nil),           // 97: daemon.StopBundleCaptureRequest
+	(*StopBundleCaptureResponse)(nil),          // 98: daemon.StopBundleCaptureResponse
+	nil,                                        // 99: daemon.Network.ResolvedIPsEntry
+	(*PortInfo_Range)(nil),                     // 100: daemon.PortInfo.Range
+	nil,                                        // 101: daemon.SystemEvent.MetadataEntry
+	(*durationpb.Duration)(nil),                // 102: google.protobuf.Duration
+	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),              // 103: google.protobuf.Timestamp
 }
 var file_daemon_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
-	101, // 0: daemon.LoginRequest.dnsRouteInterval:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	102, // 0: daemon.LoginRequest.dnsRouteInterval:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
 	25,  // 1: daemon.StatusResponse.fullStatus:type_name -> daemon.FullStatus
-	102, // 2: daemon.PeerState.connStatusUpdate:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	102, // 3: daemon.PeerState.lastWireguardHandshake:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	101, // 4: daemon.PeerState.latency:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	103, // 2: daemon.PeerState.connStatusUpdate:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	103, // 3: daemon.PeerState.lastWireguardHandshake:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	102, // 4: daemon.PeerState.latency:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
 	23,  // 5: daemon.SSHServerState.sessions:type_name -> daemon.SSHSessionInfo
 	20,  // 6: daemon.FullStatus.managementState:type_name -> daemon.ManagementState
 	19,  // 7: daemon.FullStatus.signalState:type_name -> daemon.SignalState
@@ -6973,8 +7039,8 @@ var file_daemon_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	55,  // 12: daemon.FullStatus.events:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent
 	24,  // 13: daemon.FullStatus.sshServerState:type_name -> daemon.SSHServerState
 	31,  // 14: daemon.ListNetworksResponse.routes:type_name -> daemon.Network
-	98,  // 15: daemon.Network.resolvedIPs:type_name -> daemon.Network.ResolvedIPsEntry
-	99,  // 16: daemon.PortInfo.range:type_name -> daemon.PortInfo.Range
+	99,  // 15: daemon.Network.resolvedIPs:type_name -> daemon.Network.ResolvedIPsEntry
+	100, // 16: daemon.PortInfo.range:type_name -> daemon.PortInfo.Range
 	32,  // 17: daemon.ForwardingRule.destinationPort:type_name -> daemon.PortInfo
 	32,  // 18: daemon.ForwardingRule.translatedPort:type_name -> daemon.PortInfo
 	33,  // 19: daemon.ForwardingRulesResponse.rules:type_name -> daemon.ForwardingRule
@@ -6985,15 +7051,15 @@ var file_daemon_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	52,  // 24: daemon.TracePacketResponse.stages:type_name -> daemon.TraceStage
 	2,   // 25: daemon.SystemEvent.severity:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent.Severity
 	3,   // 26: daemon.SystemEvent.category:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent.Category
-	102, // 27: daemon.SystemEvent.timestamp:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	100, // 28: daemon.SystemEvent.metadata:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent.MetadataEntry
+	103, // 27: daemon.SystemEvent.timestamp:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	101, // 28: daemon.SystemEvent.metadata:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent.MetadataEntry
 	55,  // 29: daemon.GetEventsResponse.events:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent
-	101, // 30: daemon.SetConfigRequest.dnsRouteInterval:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	102, // 30: daemon.SetConfigRequest.dnsRouteInterval:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
 	68,  // 31: daemon.ListProfilesResponse.profiles:type_name -> daemon.Profile
 	1,   // 32: daemon.ExposeServiceRequest.protocol:type_name -> daemon.ExposeProtocol
-	91,  // 33: daemon.ExposeServiceEvent.ready:type_name -> daemon.ExposeServiceReady
-	101, // 34: daemon.StartCaptureRequest.duration:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
-	101, // 35: daemon.StartBundleCaptureRequest.timeout:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	92,  // 33: daemon.ExposeServiceEvent.ready:type_name -> daemon.ExposeServiceReady
+	102, // 34: daemon.StartCaptureRequest.duration:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	102, // 35: daemon.StartBundleCaptureRequest.timeout:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
 	30,  // 36: daemon.Network.ResolvedIPsEntry.value:type_name -> daemon.IPList
 	5,   // 37: daemon.DaemonService.Login:input_type -> daemon.LoginRequest
 	7,   // 38: daemon.DaemonService.WaitSSOLogin:input_type -> daemon.WaitSSOLoginRequest
@@ -7013,9 +7079,9 @@ var file_daemon_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	46,  // 52: daemon.DaemonService.DeleteState:input_type -> daemon.DeleteStateRequest
 	48,  // 53: daemon.DaemonService.SetSyncResponsePersistence:input_type -> daemon.SetSyncResponsePersistenceRequest
 	51,  // 54: daemon.DaemonService.TracePacket:input_type -> daemon.TracePacketRequest
-	92,  // 55: daemon.DaemonService.StartCapture:input_type -> daemon.StartCaptureRequest
-	94,  // 56: daemon.DaemonService.StartBundleCapture:input_type -> daemon.StartBundleCaptureRequest
-	96,  // 57: daemon.DaemonService.StopBundleCapture:input_type -> daemon.StopBundleCaptureRequest
+	93,  // 55: daemon.DaemonService.StartCapture:input_type -> daemon.StartCaptureRequest
+	95,  // 56: daemon.DaemonService.StartBundleCapture:input_type -> daemon.StartBundleCaptureRequest
+	97,  // 57: daemon.DaemonService.StopBundleCapture:input_type -> daemon.StopBundleCaptureRequest
 	54,  // 58: daemon.DaemonService.SubscribeEvents:input_type -> daemon.SubscribeRequest
 	56,  // 59: daemon.DaemonService.GetEvents:input_type -> daemon.GetEventsRequest
 	58,  // 60: daemon.DaemonService.SwitchProfile:input_type -> daemon.SwitchProfileRequest
@@ -7026,14 +7092,14 @@ var file_daemon_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	69,  // 65: daemon.DaemonService.GetActiveProfile:input_type -> daemon.GetActiveProfileRequest
 	71,  // 66: daemon.DaemonService.Logout:input_type -> daemon.LogoutRequest
 	73,  // 67: daemon.DaemonService.GetFeatures:input_type -> daemon.GetFeaturesRequest
-	75,  // 68: daemon.DaemonService.TriggerUpdate:input_type -> daemon.TriggerUpdateRequest
-	77,  // 69: daemon.DaemonService.GetPeerSSHHostKey:input_type -> daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest
-	79,  // 70: daemon.DaemonService.RequestJWTAuth:input_type -> daemon.RequestJWTAuthRequest
-	81,  // 71: daemon.DaemonService.WaitJWTToken:input_type -> daemon.WaitJWTTokenRequest
-	83,  // 72: daemon.DaemonService.StartCPUProfile:input_type -> daemon.StartCPUProfileRequest
-	85,  // 73: daemon.DaemonService.StopCPUProfile:input_type -> daemon.StopCPUProfileRequest
-	87,  // 74: daemon.DaemonService.GetInstallerResult:input_type -> daemon.InstallerResultRequest
-	89,  // 75: daemon.DaemonService.ExposeService:input_type -> daemon.ExposeServiceRequest
+	76,  // 68: daemon.DaemonService.TriggerUpdate:input_type -> daemon.TriggerUpdateRequest
+	78,  // 69: daemon.DaemonService.GetPeerSSHHostKey:input_type -> daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest
+	80,  // 70: daemon.DaemonService.RequestJWTAuth:input_type -> daemon.RequestJWTAuthRequest
+	82,  // 71: daemon.DaemonService.WaitJWTToken:input_type -> daemon.WaitJWTTokenRequest
+	84,  // 72: daemon.DaemonService.StartCPUProfile:input_type -> daemon.StartCPUProfileRequest
+	86,  // 73: daemon.DaemonService.StopCPUProfile:input_type -> daemon.StopCPUProfileRequest
+	88,  // 74: daemon.DaemonService.GetInstallerResult:input_type -> daemon.InstallerResultRequest
+	90,  // 75: daemon.DaemonService.ExposeService:input_type -> daemon.ExposeServiceRequest
 	6,   // 76: daemon.DaemonService.Login:output_type -> daemon.LoginResponse
 	8,   // 77: daemon.DaemonService.WaitSSOLogin:output_type -> daemon.WaitSSOLoginResponse
 	10,  // 78: daemon.DaemonService.Up:output_type -> daemon.UpResponse
@@ -7052,9 +7118,9 @@ var file_daemon_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	47,  // 91: daemon.DaemonService.DeleteState:output_type -> daemon.DeleteStateResponse
 	49,  // 92: daemon.DaemonService.SetSyncResponsePersistence:output_type -> daemon.SetSyncResponsePersistenceResponse
 	53,  // 93: daemon.DaemonService.TracePacket:output_type -> daemon.TracePacketResponse
-	93,  // 94: daemon.DaemonService.StartCapture:output_type -> daemon.CapturePacket
-	95,  // 95: daemon.DaemonService.StartBundleCapture:output_type -> daemon.StartBundleCaptureResponse
-	97,  // 96: daemon.DaemonService.StopBundleCapture:output_type -> daemon.StopBundleCaptureResponse
+	94,  // 94: daemon.DaemonService.StartCapture:output_type -> daemon.CapturePacket
+	96,  // 95: daemon.DaemonService.StartBundleCapture:output_type -> daemon.StartBundleCaptureResponse
+	98,  // 96: daemon.DaemonService.StopBundleCapture:output_type -> daemon.StopBundleCaptureResponse
 	55,  // 97: daemon.DaemonService.SubscribeEvents:output_type -> daemon.SystemEvent
 	57,  // 98: daemon.DaemonService.GetEvents:output_type -> daemon.GetEventsResponse
 	59,  // 99: daemon.DaemonService.SwitchProfile:output_type -> daemon.SwitchProfileResponse
@@ -7065,14 +7131,14 @@ var file_daemon_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	70,  // 104: daemon.DaemonService.GetActiveProfile:output_type -> daemon.GetActiveProfileResponse
 	72,  // 105: daemon.DaemonService.Logout:output_type -> daemon.LogoutResponse
 	74,  // 106: daemon.DaemonService.GetFeatures:output_type -> daemon.GetFeaturesResponse
-	76,  // 107: daemon.DaemonService.TriggerUpdate:output_type -> daemon.TriggerUpdateResponse
-	78,  // 108: daemon.DaemonService.GetPeerSSHHostKey:output_type -> daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse
-	80,  // 109: daemon.DaemonService.RequestJWTAuth:output_type -> daemon.RequestJWTAuthResponse
-	82,  // 110: daemon.DaemonService.WaitJWTToken:output_type -> daemon.WaitJWTTokenResponse
-	84,  // 111: daemon.DaemonService.StartCPUProfile:output_type -> daemon.StartCPUProfileResponse
-	86,  // 112: daemon.DaemonService.StopCPUProfile:output_type -> daemon.StopCPUProfileResponse
-	88,  // 113: daemon.DaemonService.GetInstallerResult:output_type -> daemon.InstallerResultResponse
-	90,  // 114: daemon.DaemonService.ExposeService:output_type -> daemon.ExposeServiceEvent
+	77,  // 107: daemon.DaemonService.TriggerUpdate:output_type -> daemon.TriggerUpdateResponse
+	79,  // 108: daemon.DaemonService.GetPeerSSHHostKey:output_type -> daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse
+	81,  // 109: daemon.DaemonService.RequestJWTAuth:output_type -> daemon.RequestJWTAuthResponse
+	83,  // 110: daemon.DaemonService.WaitJWTToken:output_type -> daemon.WaitJWTTokenResponse
+	85,  // 111: daemon.DaemonService.StartCPUProfile:output_type -> daemon.StartCPUProfileResponse
+	87,  // 112: daemon.DaemonService.StopCPUProfile:output_type -> daemon.StopCPUProfileResponse
+	89,  // 113: daemon.DaemonService.GetInstallerResult:output_type -> daemon.InstallerResultResponse
+	91,  // 114: daemon.DaemonService.ExposeService:output_type -> daemon.ExposeServiceEvent
 	76,  // [76:115] is the sub-list for method output_type
 	37,  // [37:76] is the sub-list for method input_type
 	37,  // [37:37] is the sub-list for extension type_name
@@ -7097,8 +7163,8 @@ func file_daemon_proto_init() {
 	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[54].OneofWrappers = []any{}
 	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[56].OneofWrappers = []any{}
 	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[67].OneofWrappers = []any{}
-	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[75].OneofWrappers = []any{}
-	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[86].OneofWrappers = []any{
+	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[76].OneofWrappers = []any{}
+	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[87].OneofWrappers = []any{
 		(*ExposeServiceEvent_Ready)(nil),
 	}
 	type x struct{}
@@ -7107,7 +7173,7 @@ func file_daemon_proto_init() {
 			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
 			RawDescriptor: unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(file_daemon_proto_rawDesc), len(file_daemon_proto_rawDesc)),
 			NumEnums:      4,
-			NumMessages:   97,
+			NumMessages:   98,
 			NumExtensions: 0,
 			NumServices:   1,
 		},

client/proto/daemon.proto

@@ -314,6 +314,13 @@ message GetConfigResponse {
   int32 sshJWTCacheTTL = 26;
 
   bool disable_ipv6 = 27;
+
+  // mDMManagedFields lists the names of configuration keys whose value is
+  // currently enforced by an MDM policy. Names match mdm.Key* constants
+  // (e.g. "managementURL", "disableClientRoutes"). UI/CLI clients should
+  // render the corresponding inputs as read-only and display a "managed
+  // by MDM" indicator.
+  repeated string mDMManagedFields = 28;
 }
 
 // PeerState contains the latest state of a peer
@@ -733,6 +740,15 @@ message GetFeaturesResponse{
   bool disable_networks = 3;
 }
 
+// MDMManagedFieldsViolation is attached as a gRPC error detail on a
+// FailedPrecondition status returned from SetConfig (and similar mutating
+// RPCs) when the caller tries to modify one or more MDM-enforced fields.
+// The fields list contains the offending key names; the entire request is
+// rejected (no partial apply).
+message MDMManagedFieldsViolation {
+  repeated string fields = 1;
+}
+
 message TriggerUpdateRequest {}
 
 message TriggerUpdateResponse {

client/server/mdm.go

@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+// preSharedKeyRedactedSentinel is the value GetConfig returns in place
+// of an actual PSK, so a UI that round-trips the field back to the
+// daemon (via SetConfig / Login) can be distinguished from a deliberate
+// override. Any incoming PSK that equals this sentinel is treated as
+// a no-op echo, never as a conflict with the policy.
+const preSharedKeyRedactedSentinel = "**********"
+
+// loadMDMPolicy is the indirection used by server handlers to read the
+// active MDM policy. Tests override this to inject a fake policy.
+var loadMDMPolicy = mdm.LoadPolicy
+
+// conflictCheck is a value-aware comparison between a single field in
+// the incoming request and the corresponding MDM-enforced value. It
+// runs only when the field was actually set in the request (presence
+// already filtered upstream); ok=true reports the policy value, ok=false
+// means the policy is silent on the key — both are treated as conflicts
+// to be safe (an MDM key declared as managed must hold a value).
+type conflictCheck struct {
+	key   string
+	check func(*mdm.Policy) (match bool)
+}
+
+// onMDMPolicyChange is invoked by the MDM reload ticker every time the
+// OS-native managed-config store reports a diff vs the last observation.
+//
+// Restart sequence:
+//  1. Cancel the active engine context (terminates connectWithRetryRuns).
+//  2. Wait briefly for that goroutine to exit (giveUpChan is closed on exit).
+//  3. Re-resolve Config from disk + MDM policy (Config.apply re-runs
+//     applyMDMPolicy with the freshly loaded Policy).
+//  4. Spawn a fresh connectWithRetryRuns with the new context and config.
+//  5. Broadcast a SystemEvent so any GUI / CLI subscriber (SubscribeEvents
+//     RPC) can refresh its cached config view without polling.
+//
+// The callback runs in the ticker's own goroutine. Ticker has already
+// logged the per-key diff before invoking this hook.
+func (s *Server) onMDMPolicyChange(_, _ *mdm.Policy) error {
+	log.Warn("MDM policy changed; restarting engine to apply new configuration")
+
+	// Hold s.mutex for the entire restart sequence (cancel + quiescence
+	// wait + re-spawn). Any concurrent Up/Down/Status arriving while
+	// MDM is restarting blocks on the Lock until we are done — they
+	// then observe the post-restart state coherently. This is safe
+	// because the connectWithRetryRuns goroutine no longer acquires
+	// s.mutex in its defer (intent vs. goroutine-alive concerns are
+	// fully separated; see the connectionGoroutineRunning helper).
+	s.mutex.Lock()
+	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	if !s.clientRunning {
+		// The client is not running, so there's no engine to restart.
+		return nil
+	}
+	if s.actCancel != nil {
+		s.actCancel()
+	}
+
+	// Wait for previous connectWithRetryRuns to exit so we don't end up
+	// with two goroutines fighting over the same status recorder + engine.
+	// The teardown engages a fan-out of engine goroutines (peer workers,
+	// signal handler, route manager, ...). close(clientGiveUpChan)
+	// happens in the function-scope defer of connectWithRetryRuns, on
+	// every exit path (ctx cancel, backoff exhausted, panic) — see the
+	// defer in server.go.
+	if s.clientGiveUpChan != nil {
+		select {
+		case <-s.clientGiveUpChan:
+		case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to restart the engine due to timeout")
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := s.restartEngineForMDMLocked(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("MDM restart failed: %v", err)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// publishConfigChangedEvent has already fired inside
+	// restartEngineForMDMLocked with source="mdm". Emit an MDM-specific
+	// user-visible toast so the operator knows their IT policy was
+	// applied (UserMessage != "" triggers the GUI notifier).
+	s.statusRecorder.PublishEvent(
+		proto.SystemEvent_INFO,
+		proto.SystemEvent_SYSTEM,
+		"MDM policy applied",
+		"NetBird configuration was updated by your IT policy.",
+		map[string]string{"source": "mdm", "type": "policy_applied"},
+	)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// publishConfigChangedEvent broadcasts a SystemEvent informing any active
+// SubscribeEvents subscriber (typically the GUI tray) that the daemon's
+// effective Config has been replaced and any cached client-side view
+// should be refreshed. Callers pass a stable `source` label so the GUI
+// can distinguish a startup spawn from a user-triggered Up or an
+// MDM-driven restart. Reusing the SYSTEM category keeps the proto enum
+// stable; metadata.type="config_changed" routes to the GUI's refresh
+// handler. UserMessage is left empty so the system tray does not toast
+// for every internal restart; the MDM path emits a separate
+// "policy_applied" event (with UserMessage) for that purpose.
+func (s *Server) publishConfigChangedEvent(source string) {
+	if s.statusRecorder == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	s.statusRecorder.PublishEvent(
+		proto.SystemEvent_INFO,
+		proto.SystemEvent_SYSTEM,
+		fmt.Sprintf("daemon config changed (source=%s)", source),
+		"",
+		map[string]string{
+			"source": source,
+			"type":   "config_changed",
+		},
+	)
+}
+
+// restartEngineForMDMLocked re-resolves the active profile config
+// (re-running applyMDMPolicy via Config.apply) and re-spawns
+// connectWithRetryRuns. Mirrors the tail of Server.Start so a runtime
+// MDM change behaves identically to a fresh boot under the new policy.
+//
+// MUST be called with s.mutex held — onMDMPolicyChange holds the lock
+// for the entire restart sequence (cancel + quiescence wait + re-spawn)
+// so concurrent Up/Down/Status RPCs observe a coherent post-restart
+// state.
+func (s *Server) restartEngineForMDMLocked() error {
+	activeProf, err := s.profileManager.GetActiveProfileState()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get active profile state: %w", err)
+	}
+	config, _, err := s.getConfig(activeProf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get active profile config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	s.config = config
+	s.statusRecorder.UpdateManagementAddress(config.ManagementURL.String())
+	s.statusRecorder.UpdateRosenpass(config.RosenpassEnabled, config.RosenpassPermissive)
+	s.statusRecorder.UpdateLazyConnection(config.LazyConnectionEnabled)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(s.rootCtx)
+	s.actCancel = cancel
+	s.clientRunning = true
+	s.clientRunningChan = make(chan struct{})
+	s.clientGiveUpChan = make(chan struct{})
+	log.Info("MDM restart: spawning connectWithRetryRuns with re-resolved config")
+	go s.connectWithRetryRuns(ctx, config, s.statusRecorder, s.clientRunningChan, s.clientGiveUpChan)
+	s.publishConfigChangedEvent("mdm")
+	return nil
+}
+
+// conflictBool builds a conflictCheck for a boolean MDM key. If p is nil
+// the field is treated as matching (no override requested); otherwise the
+// check returns true only when the policy contains the key and its
+// boolean value equals *p.
+func conflictBool(key string, p *bool) conflictCheck {
+	return conflictCheck{
+		key: key,
+		check: func(pol *mdm.Policy) bool {
+			if p == nil {
+				return true // absent → match by definition
+			}
+			want, ok := pol.GetBool(key)
+			return ok && want == *p
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// conflictString builds a conflictCheck for a string MDM key. An empty
+// `got` is treated as "field not set" (no override requested); otherwise
+// the check returns true only when the policy contains the key and its
+// value equals got.
+func conflictString(key, got string) conflictCheck {
+	return conflictCheck{
+		key: key,
+		check: func(pol *mdm.Policy) bool {
+			if got == "" {
+				return true
+			}
+			want, ok := pol.GetString(key)
+			return ok && want == got
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// conflictInt64 builds a conflictCheck for an integer MDM key. If p is
+// nil the field is treated as matching; otherwise the check returns
+// true only when the policy contains the key and its int value equals *p.
+func conflictInt64(key string, p *int64) conflictCheck {
+	return conflictCheck{
+		key: key,
+		check: func(pol *mdm.Policy) bool {
+			if p == nil {
+				return true
+			}
+			want, ok := pol.GetInt(key)
+			return ok && want == *p
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// resolveConflicts walks the per-field checks against the active MDM
+// policy and returns the names of keys whose requested value diverges
+// from the policy-enforced value. Keys not present in the policy are
+// skipped silently (the gate fires only for keys the admin has
+// actually pushed). Returns nil for an empty policy.
+func resolveConflicts(policy *mdm.Policy, checks []conflictCheck) []string {
+	if policy.IsEmpty() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var conflicts []string
+	for _, c := range checks {
+		if !policy.HasKey(c.key) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !c.check(policy) {
+			conflicts = append(conflicts, c.key)
+		}
+	}
+	return conflicts
+}
+
+// mdmManagedFieldConflicts returns the names of MDM-managed keys whose
+// requested value in the SetConfigRequest differs from the MDM-enforced
+// value. A field set to the same value the policy already enforces is
+// treated as a no-op echo (the GUI tray sends a full Config snapshot on
+// every toggle, so most fields in a typical request match the policy
+// exactly and must NOT be flagged as conflicts). The redacted PSK
+// sentinel ("**********") returned by GetConfig is recognised and
+// treated as no-op so the UI can safely round-trip it.
+func mdmManagedFieldConflicts(msg *proto.SetConfigRequest, policy *mdm.Policy) []string {
+	if msg == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// PSK round-trip echo: collapse the sentinel to empty so the
+	// shared check treats it as "field not set".
+	pskGot := ""
+	if msg.OptionalPreSharedKey != nil && *msg.OptionalPreSharedKey != preSharedKeyRedactedSentinel {
+		pskGot = *msg.OptionalPreSharedKey
+	}
+
+	return resolveConflicts(policy, []conflictCheck{
+		conflictString(mdm.KeyManagementURL, msg.ManagementUrl),
+		conflictString(mdm.KeyPreSharedKey, pskGot),
+		conflictBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled, msg.RosenpassEnabled),
+		conflictBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassPermissive, msg.RosenpassPermissive),
+		conflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableAutoConnect, msg.DisableAutoConnect),
+		conflictBool(mdm.KeyAllowServerSSH, msg.ServerSSHAllowed),
+		conflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes, msg.DisableClientRoutes),
+		conflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableServerRoutes, msg.DisableServerRoutes),
+		conflictBool(mdm.KeyBlockInbound, msg.BlockInbound),
+		conflictInt64(mdm.KeyWireguardPort, msg.WireguardPort),
+	})
+}
+
+// setConfigRequestHasConfigOverrides reports whether the SetConfigRequest
+// carries ANY field that would actually mutate the persisted config.
+// The CLI builds a SetConfigRequest unconditionally on every
+// `netbird up` (see setupSetConfigReq in cmd/up.go) — a plain
+// `netbird up` produces a request with every field at its zero value;
+// the gate must skip such no-op invocations or it would always fire
+// even when the user did not pass any --flag. Returns false on a nil
+// msg; true when any management/admin URL, PSK, DNS/NAT list+clean
+// flag, interface/port/MTU, or any optional bool/duration field is set.
+func setConfigRequestHasConfigOverrides(msg *proto.SetConfigRequest) bool {
+	if msg == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return msg.ManagementUrl != "" ||
+		msg.AdminURL != "" ||
+		msg.OptionalPreSharedKey != nil ||
+		len(msg.CustomDNSAddress) > 0 ||
+		len(msg.NatExternalIPs) > 0 || msg.CleanNATExternalIPs ||
+		len(msg.ExtraIFaceBlacklist) > 0 ||
+		len(msg.DnsLabels) > 0 || msg.CleanDNSLabels ||
+		msg.DnsRouteInterval != nil ||
+		msg.RosenpassEnabled != nil ||
+		msg.RosenpassPermissive != nil ||
+		msg.InterfaceName != nil ||
+		msg.WireguardPort != nil ||
+		msg.Mtu != nil ||
+		msg.DisableAutoConnect != nil ||
+		msg.ServerSSHAllowed != nil ||
+		msg.NetworkMonitor != nil ||
+		msg.DisableClientRoutes != nil ||
+		msg.DisableServerRoutes != nil ||
+		msg.DisableDns != nil ||
+		msg.DisableFirewall != nil ||
+		msg.BlockLanAccess != nil ||
+		msg.DisableNotifications != nil ||
+		msg.LazyConnectionEnabled != nil ||
+		msg.BlockInbound != nil ||
+		msg.DisableIpv6 != nil ||
+		msg.EnableSSHRoot != nil ||
+		msg.EnableSSHSFTP != nil ||
+		msg.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding != nil ||
+		msg.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding != nil ||
+		msg.DisableSSHAuth != nil ||
+		msg.SshJWTCacheTTL != nil
+}
+
+// loginRequestHasConfigOverrides reports whether the LoginRequest
+// carries ANY field that would mutate persisted daemon configuration
+// (as opposed to pure-auth fields like setupKey, hostname, hint,
+// profileName, username). Used by the Login handler to decide whether
+// the `--disable-update-settings` / MDM gates must run: a re-auth that
+// changes nothing about the configuration is always allowed.
+func loginRequestHasConfigOverrides(msg *proto.LoginRequest) bool {
+	if msg == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return msg.ManagementUrl != "" ||
+		msg.AdminURL != "" ||
+		msg.PreSharedKey != "" || //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: legacy proto field still accepted by Login
+		msg.OptionalPreSharedKey != nil ||
+		len(msg.CustomDNSAddress) > 0 ||
+		len(msg.NatExternalIPs) > 0 || msg.CleanNATExternalIPs ||
+		msg.RosenpassEnabled != nil ||
+		msg.InterfaceName != nil ||
+		msg.WireguardPort != nil ||
+		msg.DisableAutoConnect != nil ||
+		msg.ServerSSHAllowed != nil ||
+		msg.RosenpassPermissive != nil ||
+		len(msg.ExtraIFaceBlacklist) > 0 ||
+		msg.NetworkMonitor != nil ||
+		msg.DnsRouteInterval != nil ||
+		msg.DisableClientRoutes != nil ||
+		msg.DisableServerRoutes != nil ||
+		msg.DisableDns != nil ||
+		msg.DisableFirewall != nil ||
+		msg.BlockLanAccess != nil ||
+		msg.DisableNotifications != nil ||
+		len(msg.DnsLabels) > 0 || msg.CleanDNSLabels ||
+		msg.LazyConnectionEnabled != nil ||
+		msg.BlockInbound != nil
+}
+
+// loginRequestMDMConflicts mirrors mdmManagedFieldConflicts but for the
+// LoginRequest surface. Same value-aware semantics: a field set to the
+// MDM-enforced value is a no-op echo, not a conflict; only a divergent
+// value is flagged. PSK has two proto fields — PreSharedKey (deprecated)
+// and OptionalPreSharedKey (current); either route trips the gate if it
+// diverges from the MDM-enforced PSK. OptionalPreSharedKey wins when
+// both are set; the redaction sentinel ("**********") is accepted as
+// a no-op echo.
+func loginRequestMDMConflicts(msg *proto.LoginRequest, policy *mdm.Policy) []string {
+	if msg == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Collapse the two PSK fields + the redaction sentinel down to a
+	// single "got" string the shared check can compare against the
+	// policy: OptionalPreSharedKey wins if set; PreSharedKey (deprecated)
+	// is the fallback; sentinel echo is treated as "field not set".
+	pskGot := ""
+	if msg.OptionalPreSharedKey != nil {
+		pskGot = *msg.OptionalPreSharedKey
+	} else if msg.PreSharedKey != "" { //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: legacy proto field still accepted by Login
+		pskGot = msg.PreSharedKey //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019
+	}
+	if pskGot == preSharedKeyRedactedSentinel {
+		pskGot = ""
+	}
+
+	return resolveConflicts(policy, []conflictCheck{
+		conflictString(mdm.KeyManagementURL, msg.ManagementUrl),
+		conflictString(mdm.KeyPreSharedKey, pskGot),
+		conflictBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled, msg.RosenpassEnabled),
+		conflictBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassPermissive, msg.RosenpassPermissive),
+		conflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableAutoConnect, msg.DisableAutoConnect),
+		conflictBool(mdm.KeyAllowServerSSH, msg.ServerSSHAllowed),
+		conflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes, msg.DisableClientRoutes),
+		conflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableServerRoutes, msg.DisableServerRoutes),
+		conflictBool(mdm.KeyBlockInbound, msg.BlockInbound),
+		conflictInt64(mdm.KeyWireguardPort, msg.WireguardPort),
+	})
+}
+
+// rejectMDMManagedFieldConflicts returns a FailedPrecondition gRPC error
+// with an MDMManagedFieldsViolation detail when any of the requested
+// fields tries to change an MDM-enforced value to something else, and
+// nil otherwise. The whole request is rejected on any conflict; non-
+// conflicting fields in the same request are not applied either (no
+// partial apply).
+func rejectMDMManagedFieldConflicts(conflicts []string) error {
+	if len(conflicts) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	log.Warnf("MDM rejected request: tried to modify %d managed key(s): %v",
+		len(conflicts), conflicts)
+	st := gstatus.New(
+		codes.FailedPrecondition,
+		fmt.Sprintf("fields managed by MDM cannot be modified: %v", conflicts),
+	)
+	detailed, err := st.WithDetails(&proto.MDMManagedFieldsViolation{Fields: conflicts})
+	if err != nil {
+		// Detail attachment is best-effort; fall back to the plain status
+		// so the caller still gets a usable FailedPrecondition.
+		return st.Err()
+	}
+	return detailed.Err()
+}

client/server/network.go

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func (s *Server) ListNetworks(context.Context, *proto.ListNetworksRequest) (*pro
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if s.networksDisabled {
+	if s.checkNetworksDisabled() {
 		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Unavailable, errNetworksDisabled)
 	}
 
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ func (s *Server) SelectNetworks(_ context.Context, req *proto.SelectNetworksRequ
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if s.networksDisabled {
+	if s.checkNetworksDisabled() {
 		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Unavailable, errNetworksDisabled)
 	}
 
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ func (s *Server) DeselectNetworks(_ context.Context, req *proto.SelectNetworksRe
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if s.networksDisabled {
+	if s.checkNetworksDisabled() {
 		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Unavailable, errNetworksDisabled)
 	}
 

client/server/server.go

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/expose"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
 	sleephandler "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/sleep/handler"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	mgm "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
@@ -71,7 +72,13 @@ type Server struct {
 	mutex  sync.Mutex
 	config *profilemanager.Config
 	proto.UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer
-	clientRunning     bool // protected by mutex
+	// clientRunning tracks "the daemon wants to be connected" — set true by
+	// Start / Up, cleared by Down / Logout. Persists across retry
+	// loops, signal disconnects, and ErrResetConnection cycles. NOT
+	// changed by connectWithRetryRuns goroutine exit — for that
+	// (goroutine-still-alive) check, see connectionGoroutineRunning() which
+	// derives from clientGiveUpChan close state. Protected by s.mutex.
+	clientRunning          bool
 	clientRunningChan chan struct{}
 	clientGiveUpChan  chan struct{} // closed when connectWithRetryRuns goroutine exits
 
@@ -98,6 +105,11 @@ type Server struct {
 
 	sleepHandler *sleephandler.SleepHandler
 
+	// mdmTicker periodically re-reads the OS-native MDM policy and triggers
+	// an engine restart when the policy changes. Launched once by Start;
+	// stopped by the rootCtx cancellation.
+	mdmTicker *mdm.Ticker
+
 	updateManager *updater.Manager
 
 	jwtCache *jwtCache
@@ -155,6 +167,17 @@ func (s *Server) Start() error {
 		s.updateManager.CheckUpdateSuccess(s.rootCtx)
 	}
 
+	// MDM policy reload ticker: every minute the desktop daemon re-reads
+	// the OS-native managed-config store and, on diff vs the previous
+	// observation, cancels the active engine context so connectWithRetry-
+	// Runs re-resolves Config (re-running profilemanager.Config.apply which
+	// applies the freshly-read MDM policy as the last layer) and brings
+	// the engine back with the new values.
+	if s.mdmTicker == nil {
+		s.mdmTicker = mdm.NewTicker(mdm.DefaultReloadInterval)
+		go s.mdmTicker.Run(s.rootCtx, s.onMDMPolicyChange)
+	}
+
 	// if current state contains any error, return it
 	// in all other cases we can continue execution only if status is idle and up command was
 	// not in the progress or already successfully established connection.
@@ -213,17 +236,27 @@ func (s *Server) Start() error {
 	s.clientRunningChan = make(chan struct{})
 	s.clientGiveUpChan = make(chan struct{})
 	go s.connectWithRetryRuns(ctx, config, s.statusRecorder, s.clientRunningChan, s.clientGiveUpChan)
+	s.publishConfigChangedEvent("startup")
 	return nil
 }
 
 // connectWithRetryRuns runs the client connection with a backoff strategy where we retry the operation as additional
 // mechanism to keep the client connected even when the connection is lost.
 // we cancel retry if the client receive a stop or down command, or if disable auto connect is configured.
+//
+// The goroutine's exit is signalled to the daemon via close(giveUpChan)
+// — placed in the function-scope defer so every return path (panic,
+// DisableAutoConnect early-exit, backoff exhausted, ctx cancel) closes
+// it. Callers that need to observe "is the goroutine still alive?" use
+// Server.connectionGoroutineRunning() which non-blockingly checks the close state
+// of clientGiveUpChan. The defer does NOT touch s.mutex; the daemon's
+// "intent" (clientRunning) is maintained by the RPC handlers, not by this
+// goroutine.
 func (s *Server) connectWithRetryRuns(ctx context.Context, profileConfig *profilemanager.Config, statusRecorder *peer.Status, runningChan chan struct{}, giveUpChan chan struct{}) {
 	defer func() {
-		s.mutex.Lock()
-		s.clientRunning = false
-		s.mutex.Unlock()
+		if giveUpChan != nil {
+			close(giveUpChan)
+		}
 	}()
 
 	if s.config.DisableAutoConnect {
@@ -269,9 +302,26 @@ func (s *Server) connectWithRetryRuns(ctx context.Context, profileConfig *profil
 	if err := backoff.Retry(runOperation, backOff); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("operation failed: %v", err)
 	}
+	// giveUpChan is closed by the function-scope defer.
+}
 
-	if giveUpChan != nil {
-		close(giveUpChan)
+// connectionGoroutineRunning reports whether the connectWithRetryRuns goroutine is
+// still running. Returns false when no goroutine has ever been started
+// AND when the most recent one has already closed clientGiveUpChan on
+// exit (whether due to ctx cancel, DisableAutoConnect single-shot
+// completion, or backoff retry exhaustion).
+//
+// MUST be called with s.mutex held — accesses s.clientGiveUpChan which
+// is written by Start/Up under the same lock.
+func (s *Server) connectionGoroutineRunning() bool {
+	if s.clientGiveUpChan == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-s.clientGiveUpChan:
+		return false
+	default:
+		return true
 	}
 }
 
@@ -304,54 +354,85 @@ func (s *Server) SetConfig(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.SetConfigReques
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if s.checkUpdateSettingsDisabled() {
-		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Unavailable, errUpdateSettingsDisabled)
+	// Skip the update-settings gate when the request carries no actual
+	// overrides: the CLI builds a SetConfigRequest unconditionally on
+	// every `netbird up` (setupSetConfigReq in cmd/up.go), so a plain
+	// `netbird up` would otherwise always trip the gate and surface a
+	// misleading "setConfig method is not available" warning, even when
+	// the user did not pass any config flag.
+	if setConfigRequestHasConfigOverrides(msg) {
+		if s.checkUpdateSettingsDisabled() {
+			return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Unavailable, errUpdateSettingsDisabled)
+		}
 	}
 
+	// MDM gate: refuse the whole request if any of its fields is enforced
+	// by the active MDM policy. The error carries an MDMManagedFields-
+	// Violation detail listing the offending key names. Non-conflicting
+	// fields in the same request are not applied either.
+	policy := loadMDMPolicy()
+	if err := rejectMDMManagedFieldConflicts(mdmManagedFieldConflicts(msg, policy)); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	config, err := setConfigInputFromRequest(msg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := profilemanager.UpdateConfig(config); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to update profile config: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to update profile config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &proto.SetConfigResponse{}, nil
+}
+
+// setConfigInputFromRequest translates a SetConfigRequest into the
+// profilemanager.ConfigInput that profilemanager.UpdateConfig consumes.
+// Pure mapping with no business logic beyond presence-aware copying of
+// optional fields and the "empty / clean" semantics for the two slice
+// fields (DNS labels, NAT external IPs). Extracted from SetConfig to
+// keep the handler's cognitive complexity below the SonarCube
+// threshold; the body is intentionally linear because each proto
+// field is its own optional case. Returns the resolved ConfigInput
+// and a non-nil error only when the active profile file path cannot
+// be determined.
+func setConfigInputFromRequest(msg *proto.SetConfigRequest) (profilemanager.ConfigInput, error) {
+	var config profilemanager.ConfigInput
+
 	profState := profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
 		Name:     msg.ProfileName,
 		Username: msg.Username,
 	}
-
 	profPath, err := profState.FilePath()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to get active profile file path: %v", err)
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile file path: %w", err)
+		return config, fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile file path: %w", err)
 	}
-
-	var config profilemanager.ConfigInput
-
 	config.ConfigPath = profPath
 
 	if msg.ManagementUrl != "" {
 		config.ManagementURL = msg.ManagementUrl
 	}
-
 	if msg.AdminURL != "" {
 		config.AdminURL = msg.AdminURL
 	}
-
 	if msg.InterfaceName != nil {
 		config.InterfaceName = msg.InterfaceName
 	}
-
 	if msg.WireguardPort != nil {
 		wgPort := int(*msg.WireguardPort)
 		config.WireguardPort = &wgPort
 	}
-
-	if msg.OptionalPreSharedKey != nil {
-		if *msg.OptionalPreSharedKey != "" {
-			config.PreSharedKey = msg.OptionalPreSharedKey
-		}
+	if msg.OptionalPreSharedKey != nil && *msg.OptionalPreSharedKey != "" {
+		config.PreSharedKey = msg.OptionalPreSharedKey
 	}
 
 	if msg.CleanDNSLabels {
 		config.DNSLabels = domain.List{}
-
 	} else if msg.DnsLabels != nil {
-		dnsLabels := domain.FromPunycodeList(msg.DnsLabels)
-		config.DNSLabels = dnsLabels
+		config.DNSLabels = domain.FromPunycodeList(msg.DnsLabels)
 	}
 
 	if msg.CleanNATExternalIPs {
@@ -364,7 +445,6 @@ func (s *Server) SetConfig(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.SetConfigReques
 	if string(msg.CustomDNSAddress) == "empty" {
 		config.CustomDNSAddress = []byte{}
 	}
-
 	config.ExtraIFaceBlackList = msg.ExtraIFaceBlacklist
 
 	if msg.DnsRouteInterval != nil {
@@ -397,22 +477,31 @@ func (s *Server) SetConfig(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.SetConfigReques
 		ttl := int(*msg.SshJWTCacheTTL)
 		config.SSHJWTCacheTTL = &ttl
 	}
-
 	if msg.Mtu != nil {
 		mtu := uint16(*msg.Mtu)
 		config.MTU = &mtu
 	}
-
-	if _, err := profilemanager.UpdateConfig(config); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to update profile config: %v", err)
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to update profile config: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return &proto.SetConfigResponse{}, nil
+	return config, nil
 }
 
 // Login uses setup key to prepare configuration for the daemon.
 func (s *Server) Login(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.LoginRequest) (*proto.LoginResponse, error) {
+	// Config-override gates. LoginRequest carries the same surface as
+	// SetConfigRequest (managementUrl, PSK, ssh/rosenpass/port toggles,
+	// ...), so the same protections must apply. Without these the CLI
+	// command `netbird up --management-url=X` (which falls through to
+	// Login when SetConfig is rejected — see cmd/up.go) would silently
+	// bypass `--disable-update-settings` and any MDM policy.
+	if loginRequestHasConfigOverrides(msg) {
+		if s.checkUpdateSettingsDisabled() {
+			return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Unavailable, errUpdateSettingsDisabled)
+		}
+		policy := loadMDMPolicy()
+		if err := rejectMDMManagedFieldConflicts(loginRequestMDMConflicts(msg, policy)); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	if s.actCancel != nil {
 		s.actCancel()
@@ -652,7 +741,13 @@ func (s *Server) WaitSSOLogin(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.WaitSSOLogin
 // Up starts engine work in the daemon.
 func (s *Server) Up(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.UpRequest) (*proto.UpResponse, error) {
 	s.mutex.Lock()
-	if s.clientRunning {
+	// clientRunning is the daemon-intent flag (set by previous Up/Start, cleared
+	// by Down). connectionGoroutineRunning() reports whether the previous retry-loop
+	// goroutine is still trying. When intent is up AND goroutine is alive,
+	// the existing engine is on the job — just wait for it. When intent
+	// is up but the goroutine has given up (backoff exhausted) OR when
+	// intent is down, fall through to spawn a fresh retry loop.
+	if s.clientRunning && s.connectionGoroutineRunning() {
 		state := internal.CtxGetState(s.rootCtx)
 		status, err := state.Status()
 		if err != nil {
@@ -743,6 +838,7 @@ func (s *Server) Up(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.UpRequest) (*proto.UpR
 	s.clientGiveUpChan = make(chan struct{})
 
 	go s.connectWithRetryRuns(ctx, s.config, s.statusRecorder, s.clientRunningChan, s.clientGiveUpChan)
+	s.publishConfigChangedEvent("up_rpc")
 
 	s.mutex.Unlock()
 	return s.waitForUp(callerCtx)
@@ -871,6 +967,12 @@ func (s *Server) cleanupConnection() error {
 		return ErrServiceNotUp
 	}
 
+	// Daemon intent flips to "down" — all callers (Down RPC,
+	// Logout RPC handlers) tear down the connection because the user
+	// explicitly asked for it. MDM restart does NOT go through this
+	// path, so its clientRunning stays true.
+	s.clientRunning = false
+
 	// Capture the engine reference before cancelling the context.
 	// After actCancel(), the connectWithRetryRuns goroutine wakes up
 	// and sets connectClient.engine = nil, causing connectClient.Stop()
@@ -1074,10 +1176,14 @@ func (s *Server) Status(
 	msg *proto.StatusRequest,
 ) (*proto.StatusResponse, error) {
 	s.mutex.Lock()
-	clientRunning := s.clientRunning
+	// Only wait if the retry-loop goroutine is alive and making
+	// progress. clientRunning=true with connectionGoroutineRunning=false means the
+	// backoff has given up — there is nothing to wait for; let the
+	// caller observe the failed status directly.
+	alive := s.connectionGoroutineRunning()
 	s.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if msg.WaitForReady != nil && *msg.WaitForReady && clientRunning {
+	if msg.WaitForReady != nil && *msg.WaitForReady && alive {
 		state := internal.CtxGetState(s.rootCtx)
 		status, err := state.Status()
 		if err != nil {
@@ -1548,6 +1654,7 @@ func (s *Server) GetConfig(ctx context.Context, req *proto.GetConfigRequest) (*p
 		EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding: enableSSHRemotePortForwarding,
 		DisableSSHAuth:                disableSSHAuth,
 		SshJWTCacheTTL:                sshJWTCacheTTL,
+		MDMManagedFields:              cfg.Policy().ManagedKeys(),
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -1646,7 +1753,7 @@ func (s *Server) GetFeatures(ctx context.Context, msg *proto.GetFeaturesRequest)
 	features := &proto.GetFeaturesResponse{
 		DisableProfiles:       s.checkProfilesDisabled(),
 		DisableUpdateSettings: s.checkUpdateSettingsDisabled(),
-		DisableNetworks:       s.networksDisabled,
+		DisableNetworks:       s.checkNetworksDisabled(),
 	}
 
 	return features, nil
@@ -1668,22 +1775,46 @@ func (s *Server) connect(ctx context.Context, config *profilemanager.Config, sta
 	return nil
 }
 
+// MDM authority: when the platform-native MDM source sets a kill switch
+// key (regardless of true/false value), that value wins. The CLI flag
+// supplied at service install time is the fallback used only when the
+// MDM source is silent on the key. This honors the "MDM decides
+// everything" semantic agreed for NET-1214 — an admin pushing
+// disableX=false via MDM explicitly re-enables the feature even on a
+// box installed with --disable-X.
 func (s *Server) checkProfilesDisabled() bool {
-	// Check if the environment variable is set to disable profiles
-	if s.profilesDisabled {
-		return true
+	if s.config != nil {
+		if v, ok := s.config.Policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyDisableProfiles); ok {
+			return v
+		}
 	}
+	return s.profilesDisabled
+}
 
-	return false
+// checkNetworksDisabled reports whether the networks/exit-node feature
+// is disabled on this daemon instance. Resolved MDM-first: when the
+// active policy declares mdm.KeyDisableNetworks the policy value wins
+// (regardless of true/false), so an admin can re-enable the feature
+// via MDM even on a host that was installed with --disable-networks.
+// Falls back to the s.networksDisabled CLI flag when the policy is
+// silent on the key. Mirrors checkProfilesDisabled and
+// checkUpdateSettingsDisabled.
+func (s *Server) checkNetworksDisabled() bool {
+	if s.config != nil {
+		if v, ok := s.config.Policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyDisableNetworks); ok {
+			return v
+		}
+	}
+	return s.networksDisabled
 }
 
 func (s *Server) checkUpdateSettingsDisabled() bool {
-	// Check if the environment variable is set to disable profiles
-	if s.updateSettingsDisabled {
-		return true
+	if s.config != nil {
+		if v, ok := s.config.Policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyDisableUpdateSettings); ok {
+			return v
+		}
 	}
-
-	return false
+	return s.updateSettingsDisabled
 }
 
 func (s *Server) startUpdateManagerForGUI() {

client/server/server_connect_test.go

@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ func TestCleanupConnection_ClearsConnectClient(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	assert.Nil(t, s.connectClient, "connectClient should be nil after cleanup")
+	assert.False(t, s.clientRunning, "clientRunning should be cleared after cleanup (intent = down)")
 }
 
 // TestCleanState_NilConnectClient validates that CleanState doesn't panic
@@ -144,17 +145,20 @@ func TestDownThenUp_StaleRunningChan(t *testing.T) {
 	_, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	s.actCancel = cancel
 
-	// Simulate Down(): cleanupConnection sets connectClient = nil
+	// Simulate Down(): cleanupConnection sets connectClient = nil and
+	// flips clientRunning to false (intent = down). The connectionGoroutineRunning state
+	// remains independent of intent — derived from clientGiveUpChan.
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	err := s.cleanupConnection()
 	s.mutex.Unlock()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	// After cleanup: connectClient is nil, clientRunning still true
-	// (goroutine hasn't exited yet)
+	// After cleanup: connectClient is nil, clientRunning is false (intent
+	// cleared by cleanupConnection), connectionGoroutineRunning may still be true
+	// (goroutine teardown is independent of the intent flag).
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	assert.Nil(t, s.connectClient, "connectClient should be nil after cleanup")
-	assert.True(t, s.clientRunning, "clientRunning still true until goroutine exits")
+	assert.False(t, s.clientRunning, "clientRunning should be cleared by cleanupConnection (intent = down)")
 	s.mutex.Unlock()
 
 	// waitForUp() returns immediately due to stale closed clientRunningChan

client/server/server_privileged_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"os/user"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral/manager"
+	nbgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/job"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/groups"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	nbcache "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/port_forwarding"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/permissions"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
+	mgmtProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/proto"
+	signalServer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/signal/server"
+)
+
+var (
+	kaep = keepalive.EnforcementPolicy{
+		MinTime:             15 * time.Second,
+		PermitWithoutStream: true,
+	}
+
+	kasp = keepalive.ServerParameters{
+		MaxConnectionIdle:     15 * time.Second,
+		MaxConnectionAgeGrace: 5 * time.Second,
+		Time:                  5 * time.Second,
+		Timeout:               2 * time.Second,
+	}
+)
+
+// TestConnectWithRetryRuns checks that the connectWithRetry function runs and runs the retries according to the times specified via environment variables
+// we will use a management server started via to simulate the server and capture the number of retries
+func TestConnectWithRetryRuns(t *testing.T) {
+	// start the signal server
+	_, signalAddr, err := startSignal(t)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to start signal server: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	counter := 0
+	// start the management server
+	_, mgmtAddr, err := startManagement(t, signalAddr, &counter)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to start management server: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	ctx := internal.CtxInitState(context.Background())
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(ctx, time.Now().Add(30*time.Second))
+	defer cancel()
+	// create new server
+	ic := profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+		ManagementURL: "http://" + mgmtAddr,
+		ConfigPath:    t.TempDir() + "/test-profile.json",
+	}
+
+	config, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(ic)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	currUser, err := user.Current()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pm := profilemanager.ServiceManager{}
+	err = pm.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
+		Name:     "test-profile",
+		Username: currUser.Username,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to set active profile state: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	s := New(ctx, "debug", "", false, false, false, false)
+
+	s.config = config
+
+	s.statusRecorder = peer.NewRecorder(config.ManagementURL.String())
+	t.Setenv(retryInitialIntervalVar, "1s")
+	t.Setenv(maxRetryIntervalVar, "2s")
+	t.Setenv(maxRetryTimeVar, "5s")
+	t.Setenv(retryMultiplierVar, "1")
+
+	s.connectWithRetryRuns(ctx, config, s.statusRecorder, nil, nil)
+	if counter < 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected counter > 2, got %d", counter)
+	}
+}
+
+type mockServer struct {
+	mgmtProto.ManagementServiceServer
+	counter *int
+}
+
+func (m *mockServer) Login(ctx context.Context, req *mgmtProto.EncryptedMessage) (*mgmtProto.EncryptedMessage, error) {
+	*m.counter++
+	return m.ManagementServiceServer.Login(ctx, req)
+}
+
+func startManagement(t *testing.T, signalAddr string, counter *int) (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
+	t.Helper()
+	dataDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	config := &config.Config{
+		Stuns:      []*config.Host{},
+		TURNConfig: &config.TURNConfig{},
+		Signal: &config.Host{
+			Proto: "http",
+			URI:   signalAddr,
+		},
+		Datadir:    dataDir,
+		HttpConfig: nil,
+	}
+
+	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	s := grpc.NewServer(grpc.KeepaliveEnforcementPolicy(kaep), grpc.KeepaliveParams(kasp))
+	store, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", config.Datadir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
+
+	eventStore := &activity.InMemoryEventStore{}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	t.Cleanup(ctrl.Finish)
+
+	permissionsManagerMock := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	peersManager := peers.NewManager(store, permissionsManagerMock)
+	settingsManagerMock := settings.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+
+	jobManager := job.NewJobManager(nil, store, peersManager)
+
+	cacheStore, err := nbcache.NewStore(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond, 300*time.Millisecond, 100)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+
+	ia, _ := validator.NewIntegratedValidator(context.Background(), peersManager, settingsManagerMock, eventStore, cacheStore)
+
+	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	settingsMockManager := settings.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	groupsManager := groups.NewManagerMock()
+
+	requestBuffer := server.NewAccountRequestBuffer(context.Background(), store)
+	peersUpdateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
+	networkMapController := controller.NewController(context.Background(), store, metrics, peersUpdateManager, requestBuffer, server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.selfhosted", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peersManager), config)
+	accountManager, err := server.BuildManager(context.Background(), config, store, networkMapController, jobManager, nil, "", eventStore, nil, false, ia, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManagerMock, false, cacheStore)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+
+	secretsManager, err := nbgrpc.NewTimeBasedAuthSecretsManager(peersUpdateManager, config.TURNConfig, config.Relay, settingsMockManager, groupsManager)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(config, accountManager, settingsMockManager, jobManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, &server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	mock := &mockServer{
+		ManagementServiceServer: mgmtServer,
+		counter:                 counter,
+	}
+	mgmtProto.RegisterManagementServiceServer(s, mock)
+	go func() {
+		if err = s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("failed to serve: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return s, lis.Addr().String(), nil
+}
+
+func startSignal(t *testing.T) (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	s := grpc.NewServer(grpc.KeepaliveEnforcementPolicy(kaep), grpc.KeepaliveParams(kasp))
+
+	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	srv, err := signalServer.NewServer(context.Background(), otel.Meter(""))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	proto.RegisterSignalExchangeServer(s, srv)
+
+	go func() {
+		if err = s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("failed to serve: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return s, lis.Addr().String(), nil
+}

client/server/server_test.go

@@ -2,124 +2,22 @@ package server
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"net"
 	"net/url"
 	"os/user"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral/manager"
-	nbgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/job"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/groups"
-
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
 	daemonProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
-	nbcache "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/port_forwarding"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/permissions"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
-	mgmtProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/proto"
-	signalServer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/signal/server"
 )
 
-var (
-	kaep = keepalive.EnforcementPolicy{
-		MinTime:             15 * time.Second,
-		PermitWithoutStream: true,
-	}
-
-	kasp = keepalive.ServerParameters{
-		MaxConnectionIdle:     15 * time.Second,
-		MaxConnectionAgeGrace: 5 * time.Second,
-		Time:                  5 * time.Second,
-		Timeout:               2 * time.Second,
-	}
-)
-
-// TestConnectWithRetryRuns checks that the connectWithRetry function runs and runs the retries according to the times specified via environment variables
-// we will use a management server started via to simulate the server and capture the number of retries
-func TestConnectWithRetryRuns(t *testing.T) {
-	// start the signal server
-	_, signalAddr, err := startSignal(t)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to start signal server: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	counter := 0
-	// start the management server
-	_, mgmtAddr, err := startManagement(t, signalAddr, &counter)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to start management server: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	ctx := internal.CtxInitState(context.Background())
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(ctx, time.Now().Add(30*time.Second))
-	defer cancel()
-	// create new server
-	ic := profilemanager.ConfigInput{
-		ManagementURL: "http://" + mgmtAddr,
-		ConfigPath:    t.TempDir() + "/test-profile.json",
-	}
-
-	config, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(ic)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to create config: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	currUser, err := user.Current()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	pm := profilemanager.ServiceManager{}
-	err = pm.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
-		Name:     "test-profile",
-		Username: currUser.Username,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to set active profile state: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	s := New(ctx, "debug", "", false, false, false, false)
-
-	s.config = config
-
-	s.statusRecorder = peer.NewRecorder(config.ManagementURL.String())
-	t.Setenv(retryInitialIntervalVar, "1s")
-	t.Setenv(maxRetryIntervalVar, "2s")
-	t.Setenv(maxRetryTimeVar, "5s")
-	t.Setenv(retryMultiplierVar, "1")
-
-	s.connectWithRetryRuns(ctx, config, s.statusRecorder, nil, nil)
-	if counter < 3 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected counter > 2, got %d", counter)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestServer_Up(t *testing.T) {
 	tempDir := t.TempDir()
 	origDefaultProfileDir := profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir
@@ -259,119 +157,3 @@ func TestServer_SubcribeEvents(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 }
-
-type mockServer struct {
-	mgmtProto.ManagementServiceServer
-	counter *int
-}
-
-func (m *mockServer) Login(ctx context.Context, req *mgmtProto.EncryptedMessage) (*mgmtProto.EncryptedMessage, error) {
-	*m.counter++
-	return m.ManagementServiceServer.Login(ctx, req)
-}
-
-func startManagement(t *testing.T, signalAddr string, counter *int) (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
-	t.Helper()
-	dataDir := t.TempDir()
-
-	config := &config.Config{
-		Stuns:      []*config.Host{},
-		TURNConfig: &config.TURNConfig{},
-		Signal: &config.Host{
-			Proto: "http",
-			URI:   signalAddr,
-		},
-		Datadir:    dataDir,
-		HttpConfig: nil,
-	}
-
-	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-	s := grpc.NewServer(grpc.KeepaliveEnforcementPolicy(kaep), grpc.KeepaliveParams(kasp))
-	store, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", config.Datadir)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
-
-	eventStore := &activity.InMemoryEventStore{}
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
-	t.Cleanup(ctrl.Finish)
-
-	permissionsManagerMock := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
-	peersManager := peers.NewManager(store, permissionsManagerMock)
-	settingsManagerMock := settings.NewMockManager(ctrl)
-
-	jobManager := job.NewJobManager(nil, store, peersManager)
-
-	cacheStore, err := nbcache.NewStore(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond, 300*time.Millisecond, 100)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	ia, _ := validator.NewIntegratedValidator(context.Background(), peersManager, settingsManagerMock, eventStore, cacheStore)
-
-	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(context.Background())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	settingsMockManager := settings.NewMockManager(ctrl)
-	groupsManager := groups.NewManagerMock()
-
-	requestBuffer := server.NewAccountRequestBuffer(context.Background(), store)
-	peersUpdateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
-	networkMapController := controller.NewController(context.Background(), store, metrics, peersUpdateManager, requestBuffer, server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.selfhosted", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peersManager), config)
-	accountManager, err := server.BuildManager(context.Background(), config, store, networkMapController, jobManager, nil, "", eventStore, nil, false, ia, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManagerMock, false, cacheStore)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	secretsManager, err := nbgrpc.NewTimeBasedAuthSecretsManager(peersUpdateManager, config.TURNConfig, config.Relay, settingsMockManager, groupsManager)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(config, accountManager, settingsMockManager, jobManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, &server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController, nil, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-	mock := &mockServer{
-		ManagementServiceServer: mgmtServer,
-		counter:                 counter,
-	}
-	mgmtProto.RegisterManagementServiceServer(s, mock)
-	go func() {
-		if err = s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("failed to serve: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	return s, lis.Addr().String(), nil
-}
-
-func startSignal(t *testing.T) (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	s := grpc.NewServer(grpc.KeepaliveEnforcementPolicy(kaep), grpc.KeepaliveParams(kasp))
-
-	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	srv, err := signalServer.NewServer(context.Background(), otel.Meter(""))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	proto.RegisterSignalExchangeServer(s, srv)
-
-	go func() {
-		if err = s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("failed to serve: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	return s, lis.Addr().String(), nil
-}

client/server/setconfig_mdm_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os/user"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+// withMDMPolicy temporarily overrides the server-package loadMDMPolicy hook
+// so SetConfig observes the supplied Policy. Restores the original loader
+// at test cleanup.
+func withMDMPolicy(t *testing.T, policy *mdm.Policy) {
+	t.Helper()
+	prev := loadMDMPolicy
+	loadMDMPolicy = func() *mdm.Policy { return policy }
+	t.Cleanup(func() { loadMDMPolicy = prev })
+}
+
+// setupServerWithProfile mirrors the boilerplate of TestSetConfig_AllFieldsSaved:
+// overrides profilemanager paths to a temp dir, seeds a profile, sets it
+// active, and constructs a Server instance. Returns the constructed server
+// plus context + profile name + username + cfgPath for the seeded profile.
+func setupServerWithProfile(t *testing.T) (s *Server, ctx context.Context, profName, username, cfgPath string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	origDefaultProfileDir := profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir
+	origDefaultConfigPath := profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath
+	origActiveProfileStatePath := profilemanager.ActiveProfileStatePath
+	profilemanager.ConfigDirOverride = tempDir
+	profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir = tempDir
+	profilemanager.ActiveProfileStatePath = tempDir + "/active_profile.json"
+	profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath = filepath.Join(tempDir, "default.json")
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir = origDefaultProfileDir
+		profilemanager.ActiveProfileStatePath = origActiveProfileStatePath
+		profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath = origDefaultConfigPath
+		profilemanager.ConfigDirOverride = ""
+	})
+
+	currUser, err := user.Current()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	profName = "test-profile-mdm"
+	cfgPath = filepath.Join(tempDir, profName+".json")
+
+	_, err = profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath:    cfgPath,
+		ManagementURL: "https://api.netbird.io:443",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pm := profilemanager.ServiceManager{}
+	require.NoError(t, pm.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
+		Name:     profName,
+		Username: currUser.Username,
+	}))
+
+	ctx = context.Background()
+	s = New(ctx, "console", "", false, false, false, false)
+	return s, ctx, profName, currUser.Username, cfgPath
+}
+
+// extractViolation pulls the MDMManagedFieldsViolation detail from a
+// FailedPrecondition error. Fails the test if absent or malformed.
+func extractViolation(t *testing.T, err error) *proto.MDMManagedFieldsViolation {
+	t.Helper()
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	st, ok := gstatus.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok, "error must be a gRPC status: %v", err)
+	require.Equal(t, codes.FailedPrecondition, st.Code(), "expected FailedPrecondition, got %s", st.Code())
+	for _, d := range st.Details() {
+		if v, ok := d.(*proto.MDMManagedFieldsViolation); ok {
+			return v
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("MDMManagedFieldsViolation detail not found on status; details: %v", st.Details())
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestSetConfig_MDMReject_SingleField(t *testing.T) {
+	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyManagementURL: "https://mdm.example.com:443",
+	}))
+
+	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+
+	_, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
+		ProfileName:   profName,
+		Username:      username,
+		ManagementUrl: "https://user.tried.this.com:443",
+	})
+
+	v := extractViolation(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{mdm.KeyManagementURL}, v.GetFields())
+}
+
+func TestSetConfig_MDMReject_MultipleFields(t *testing.T) {
+	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyManagementURL:     "https://mdm.example.com:443",
+		mdm.KeyBlockInbound:      true,
+		mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled:  true,
+	}))
+
+	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+
+	blockInbound := false
+	rosenpassEnabled := false
+	_, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
+		ProfileName:      profName,
+		Username:         username,
+		ManagementUrl:    "https://user.tried.this.com:443",
+		BlockInbound:     &blockInbound,
+		RosenpassEnabled: &rosenpassEnabled,
+	})
+
+	v := extractViolation(t, err)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{
+		mdm.KeyManagementURL,
+		mdm.KeyBlockInbound,
+		mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled,
+	}, v.GetFields())
+}
+
+func TestSetConfig_MDMReject_AllOrNothing(t *testing.T) {
+	// MDM enforces ManagementURL only; user request touches both the
+	// enforced field AND a non-enforced field (RosenpassEnabled).
+	// The whole request must be rejected — non-conflicting fields are not
+	// applied either.
+	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyManagementURL: "https://mdm.example.com:443",
+	}))
+
+	s, ctx, profName, username, cfgPath := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+
+	rosenpassEnabled := true
+	_, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
+		ProfileName:      profName,
+		Username:         username,
+		ManagementUrl:    "https://user.tried.this.com:443",
+		RosenpassEnabled: &rosenpassEnabled,
+	})
+
+	v := extractViolation(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{mdm.KeyManagementURL}, v.GetFields())
+
+	// Confirm RosenpassEnabled was NOT applied even though it was not
+	// in the conflict list: the request was rejected as a whole.
+	reloaded, err := profilemanager.GetConfig(cfgPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, reloaded.RosenpassEnabled, "non-conflicting field must not be applied when request is rejected")
+}
+
+func TestSetConfig_MDMAllow_NonManagedFields(t *testing.T) {
+	// MDM enforces ManagementURL but the user only writes RosenpassEnabled.
+	// Request must succeed.
+	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyManagementURL: "https://mdm.example.com:443",
+	}))
+
+	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+
+	rosenpassEnabled := true
+	resp, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
+		ProfileName:      profName,
+		Username:         username,
+		RosenpassEnabled: &rosenpassEnabled,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp)
+}
+
+func TestSetConfig_MDMEmpty_NoEnforcement(t *testing.T) {
+	// No MDM policy active: any field can be written.
+	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(nil))
+
+	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+
+	resp, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
+		ProfileName:   profName,
+		Username:      username,
+		ManagementUrl: "https://user.changed.url.com:443",
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp)
+}

client/ssh/client/client_privileged_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
+package client
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	cryptossh "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/testutil"
+)
+
+func TestSSHClient_CommandExecution(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && testutil.IsCI() {
+		t.Skip("Skipping Windows command execution tests in CI due to S4U authentication issues")
+	}
+
+	server, _, client := setupTestSSHServerAndClient(t)
+	defer func() {
+		err := server.Stop()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}()
+	defer func() {
+		err := client.Close()
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+	}()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	t.Run("ExecuteCommand captures output", func(t *testing.T) {
+		output, err := client.ExecuteCommand(ctx, "echo hello")
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, string(output), "hello")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("ExecuteCommandWithIO streams output", func(t *testing.T) {
+		err := client.ExecuteCommandWithIO(ctx, "echo world")
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("commands with flags work", func(t *testing.T) {
+		output, err := client.ExecuteCommand(ctx, "echo -n test_flag")
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "test_flag", strings.TrimSpace(string(output)))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-zero exit codes don't return errors", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var testCmd string
+		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+			testCmd = "echo hello | Select-String notfound"
+		} else {
+			testCmd = "echo 'hello' | grep 'notfound'"
+		}
+		_, err := client.ExecuteCommand(ctx, testCmd)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSSHClient_ContextCancellation(t *testing.T) {
+	server, serverAddr, _ := setupTestSSHServerAndClient(t)
+	defer func() {
+		err := server.Stop()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}()
+
+	t.Run("connection with short timeout", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 1*time.Millisecond)
+		defer cancel()
+
+		currentUser := testutil.GetTestUsername(t)
+		_, err := Dial(ctx, serverAddr, currentUser, DialOptions{
+			InsecureSkipVerify: true,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			// Check for actual timeout-related errors rather than string matching
+			assert.True(t,
+				errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) ||
+					errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) ||
+					strings.Contains(err.Error(), "timeout"),
+				"Expected timeout-related error, got: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("command execution cancellation", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+		defer cancel()
+		currentUser := testutil.GetTestUsername(t)
+		client, err := Dial(ctx, serverAddr, currentUser, DialOptions{
+			InsecureSkipVerify: true,
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		defer func() {
+			if err := client.Close(); err != nil {
+				t.Logf("client close error: %v", err)
+			}
+		}()
+
+		cmdCtx, cmdCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond)
+		defer cmdCancel()
+
+		err = client.ExecuteCommandWithPTY(cmdCtx, "sleep 10")
+		if err != nil {
+			var exitMissingErr *cryptossh.ExitMissingError
+			isValidCancellation := errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) ||
+				errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) ||
+				errors.As(err, &exitMissingErr)
+			assert.True(t, isValidCancellation, "Should handle command cancellation properly")
+		}
+	})
+}

client/ssh/client/client_test.go

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	cryptossh "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 	sshserver "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/server"
@@ -78,53 +77,6 @@ func TestSSHClient_DialWithKey(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NotNil(t, client.client)
 }
 
-func TestSSHClient_CommandExecution(t *testing.T) {
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && testutil.IsCI() {
-		t.Skip("Skipping Windows command execution tests in CI due to S4U authentication issues")
-	}
-
-	server, _, client := setupTestSSHServerAndClient(t)
-	defer func() {
-		err := server.Stop()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-	}()
-	defer func() {
-		err := client.Close()
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-	}()
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	t.Run("ExecuteCommand captures output", func(t *testing.T) {
-		output, err := client.ExecuteCommand(ctx, "echo hello")
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Contains(t, string(output), "hello")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("ExecuteCommandWithIO streams output", func(t *testing.T) {
-		err := client.ExecuteCommandWithIO(ctx, "echo world")
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("commands with flags work", func(t *testing.T) {
-		output, err := client.ExecuteCommand(ctx, "echo -n test_flag")
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, "test_flag", strings.TrimSpace(string(output)))
-	})
-
-	t.Run("non-zero exit codes don't return errors", func(t *testing.T) {
-		var testCmd string
-		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-			testCmd = "echo hello | Select-String notfound"
-		} else {
-			testCmd = "echo 'hello' | grep 'notfound'"
-		}
-		_, err := client.ExecuteCommand(ctx, testCmd)
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-	})
-}
-
 func TestSSHClient_ConnectionHandling(t *testing.T) {
 	server, serverAddr, _ := setupTestSSHServerAndClient(t)
 	defer func() {
@@ -154,59 +106,6 @@ func TestSSHClient_ConnectionHandling(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestSSHClient_ContextCancellation(t *testing.T) {
-	server, serverAddr, _ := setupTestSSHServerAndClient(t)
-	defer func() {
-		err := server.Stop()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-	}()
-
-	t.Run("connection with short timeout", func(t *testing.T) {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 1*time.Millisecond)
-		defer cancel()
-
-		currentUser := testutil.GetTestUsername(t)
-		_, err := Dial(ctx, serverAddr, currentUser, DialOptions{
-			InsecureSkipVerify: true,
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			// Check for actual timeout-related errors rather than string matching
-			assert.True(t,
-				errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) ||
-					errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) ||
-					strings.Contains(err.Error(), "timeout"),
-				"Expected timeout-related error, got: %v", err)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("command execution cancellation", func(t *testing.T) {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
-		defer cancel()
-		currentUser := testutil.GetTestUsername(t)
-		client, err := Dial(ctx, serverAddr, currentUser, DialOptions{
-			InsecureSkipVerify: true,
-		})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		defer func() {
-			if err := client.Close(); err != nil {
-				t.Logf("client close error: %v", err)
-			}
-		}()
-
-		cmdCtx, cmdCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond)
-		defer cmdCancel()
-
-		err = client.ExecuteCommandWithPTY(cmdCtx, "sleep 10")
-		if err != nil {
-			var exitMissingErr *cryptossh.ExitMissingError
-			isValidCancellation := errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) ||
-				errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) ||
-				errors.As(err, &exitMissingErr)
-			assert.True(t, isValidCancellation, "Should handle command cancellation properly")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
 func TestSSHClient_NoAuthMode(t *testing.T) {
 	hostKey, err := ssh.GeneratePrivateKey(ssh.ED25519)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

client/ssh/proxy/proxy_privileged_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/rsa"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"math/big"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	cryptossh "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+
+	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
+	sshauth "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/auth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/server"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/testutil"
+	nbjwt "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth/jwt"
+	sshuserhash "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/sshauth"
+)
+
+func (m *mockDaemon) setJWTToken(token string) {
+	m.impl.jwtToken = token
+}
+
+func TestSSHProxy_Connect(t *testing.T) {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		t.Skip("Skipping integration test in short mode")
+	}
+
+	// TODO: Windows test times out - user switching and command execution tested on Linux
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("Skipping on Windows - covered by Linux tests")
+	}
+
+	const (
+		issuer   = "https://test-issuer.example.com"
+		audience = "test-audience"
+	)
+
+	jwksServer, privateKey, jwksURL := setupJWKSServer(t)
+	defer jwksServer.Close()
+
+	hostKey, err := nbssh.GeneratePrivateKey(nbssh.ED25519)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	hostPubKey, err := nbssh.GeneratePublicKey(hostKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	serverConfig := &server.Config{
+		HostKeyPEM: hostKey,
+		JWT: &server.JWTConfig{
+			Issuer:       issuer,
+			Audiences:    []string{audience},
+			KeysLocation: jwksURL,
+		},
+	}
+	sshServer := server.New(serverConfig)
+	sshServer.SetAllowRootLogin(true)
+
+	// Configure SSH authorization for the test user
+	testUsername := testutil.GetTestUsername(t)
+	testJWTUser := "test-username"
+	testUserHash, err := sshuserhash.HashUserID(testJWTUser)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	authConfig := &sshauth.Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     sshauth.DefaultUserIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: []sshuserhash.UserIDHash{testUserHash},
+		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
+			testUsername: {0}, // Index 0 in AuthorizedUsers
+		},
+	}
+	sshServer.UpdateSSHAuth(authConfig)
+
+	sshServerAddr := server.StartTestServer(t, sshServer)
+	defer func() { _ = sshServer.Stop() }()
+
+	mockDaemon := startMockDaemon(t)
+	defer mockDaemon.stop()
+
+	host, portStr, err := net.SplitHostPort(sshServerAddr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	port, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	mockDaemon.setHostKey(host, hostPubKey)
+
+	validToken := generateValidJWT(t, privateKey, issuer, audience, testJWTUser)
+	mockDaemon.setJWTToken(validToken)
+
+	proxyInstance, err := New(mockDaemon.addr, host, port, io.Discard, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	clientConn, proxyConn := net.Pipe()
+	defer func() { _ = clientConn.Close() }()
+
+	origStdin := os.Stdin
+	origStdout := os.Stdout
+	defer func() {
+		os.Stdin = origStdin
+		os.Stdout = origStdout
+	}()
+
+	stdinReader, stdinWriter, err := os.Pipe()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	stdoutReader, stdoutWriter, err := os.Pipe()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	os.Stdin = stdinReader
+	os.Stdout = stdoutWriter
+
+	go func() {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(stdinWriter, proxyConn)
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(proxyConn, stdoutReader)
+	}()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	connectErrCh := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		connectErrCh <- proxyInstance.Connect(ctx)
+	}()
+
+	sshConfig := &cryptossh.ClientConfig{
+		User:            testutil.GetTestUsername(t),
+		Auth:            []cryptossh.AuthMethod{},
+		HostKeyCallback: cryptossh.InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
+		Timeout:         3 * time.Second,
+	}
+
+	sshClientConn, chans, reqs, err := cryptossh.NewClientConn(clientConn, "test", sshConfig)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Should connect to proxy server")
+	defer func() { _ = sshClientConn.Close() }()
+
+	sshClient := cryptossh.NewClient(sshClientConn, chans, reqs)
+
+	session, err := sshClient.NewSession()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Should create session through full proxy to backend")
+
+	outputCh := make(chan []byte, 1)
+	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		output, err := session.Output("echo hello-from-proxy")
+		outputCh <- output
+		errCh <- err
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case output := <-outputCh:
+		err := <-errCh
+		require.NoError(t, err, "Command should execute successfully through proxy")
+		assert.Contains(t, string(output), "hello-from-proxy", "Should receive command output through proxy")
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("Command execution timed out")
+	}
+
+	_ = session.Close()
+	_ = sshClient.Close()
+	_ = clientConn.Close()
+	cancel()
+}
+
+// TestSSHProxy_CommandQuoting verifies that the proxy preserves shell quoting
+// when forwarding commands to the backend. This is critical for tools like
+// Ansible that send commands such as:
+//
+//	/bin/sh -c '( umask 77 && mkdir -p ... ) && sleep 0'
+//
+// The single quotes must be preserved so the backend shell receives the
+// subshell expression as a single argument to -c.
+func TestSSHProxy_CommandQuoting(t *testing.T) {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		t.Skip("Skipping integration test in short mode")
+	}
+
+	sshClient, cleanup := setupProxySSHClient(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	// These commands simulate what the SSH protocol delivers as exec payloads.
+	// When a user types: ssh host '/bin/sh -c "( echo hello )"'
+	// the local shell strips the outer single quotes, and the SSH exec request
+	// contains the raw string: /bin/sh -c "( echo hello )"
+	//
+	// The proxy must forward this string verbatim. Using session.Command()
+	// (shlex.Split + strings.Join) strips the inner double quotes, breaking
+	// the command on the backend.
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		command string
+		expect  string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "subshell_in_double_quotes",
+			command: `/bin/sh -c "( echo from-subshell ) && echo outer"`,
+			expect:  "from-subshell\nouter\n",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "printf_with_special_chars",
+			command: `/bin/sh -c "printf '%s\n' 'hello world'"`,
+			expect:  "hello world\n",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "nested_command_substitution",
+			command: `/bin/sh -c "echo $(echo nested)"`,
+			expect:  "nested\n",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			session, err := sshClient.NewSession()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			defer func() { _ = session.Close() }()
+
+			var stderrBuf bytes.Buffer
+			session.Stderr = &stderrBuf
+
+			outputCh := make(chan []byte, 1)
+			errCh := make(chan error, 1)
+			go func() {
+				output, err := session.Output(tc.command)
+				outputCh <- output
+				errCh <- err
+			}()
+
+			select {
+			case output := <-outputCh:
+				err := <-errCh
+				if stderrBuf.Len() > 0 {
+					t.Logf("stderr: %s", stderrBuf.String())
+				}
+				require.NoError(t, err, "command should succeed: %s", tc.command)
+				assert.Equal(t, tc.expect, string(output), "output mismatch for: %s", tc.command)
+			case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+				t.Fatalf("command timed out: %s", tc.command)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// setupProxySSHClient creates a full proxy test environment and returns
+// an SSH client connected through the proxy to a backend NetBird SSH server.
+func setupProxySSHClient(t *testing.T) (*cryptossh.Client, func()) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	const (
+		issuer   = "https://test-issuer.example.com"
+		audience = "test-audience"
+	)
+
+	jwksServer, privateKey, jwksURL := setupJWKSServer(t)
+
+	hostKey, err := nbssh.GeneratePrivateKey(nbssh.ED25519)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	hostPubKey, err := nbssh.GeneratePublicKey(hostKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	serverConfig := &server.Config{
+		HostKeyPEM: hostKey,
+		JWT: &server.JWTConfig{
+			Issuer:       issuer,
+			Audiences:    []string{audience},
+			KeysLocation: jwksURL,
+		},
+	}
+	sshServer := server.New(serverConfig)
+	sshServer.SetAllowRootLogin(true)
+
+	testUsername := testutil.GetTestUsername(t)
+	testJWTUser := "test-username"
+	testUserHash, err := sshuserhash.HashUserID(testJWTUser)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	authConfig := &sshauth.Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     sshauth.DefaultUserIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: []sshuserhash.UserIDHash{testUserHash},
+		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
+			testUsername: {0},
+		},
+	}
+	sshServer.UpdateSSHAuth(authConfig)
+
+	sshServerAddr := server.StartTestServer(t, sshServer)
+
+	mockDaemon := startMockDaemon(t)
+
+	host, portStr, err := net.SplitHostPort(sshServerAddr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	port, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	mockDaemon.setHostKey(host, hostPubKey)
+
+	validToken := generateValidJWT(t, privateKey, issuer, audience, testJWTUser)
+	mockDaemon.setJWTToken(validToken)
+
+	proxyInstance, err := New(mockDaemon.addr, host, port, io.Discard, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	origStdin := os.Stdin
+	origStdout := os.Stdout
+
+	stdinReader, stdinWriter, err := os.Pipe()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	stdoutReader, stdoutWriter, err := os.Pipe()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	os.Stdin = stdinReader
+	os.Stdout = stdoutWriter
+
+	clientConn, proxyConn := net.Pipe()
+
+	go func() { _, _ = io.Copy(stdinWriter, proxyConn) }()
+	go func() { _, _ = io.Copy(proxyConn, stdoutReader) }()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+
+	go func() {
+		_ = proxyInstance.Connect(ctx)
+	}()
+
+	sshConfig := &cryptossh.ClientConfig{
+		User:            testutil.GetTestUsername(t),
+		Auth:            []cryptossh.AuthMethod{},
+		HostKeyCallback: cryptossh.InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
+		Timeout:         5 * time.Second,
+	}
+
+	sshClientConn, chans, reqs, err := cryptossh.NewClientConn(clientConn, "test", sshConfig)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	client := cryptossh.NewClient(sshClientConn, chans, reqs)
+
+	cleanupFn := func() {
+		_ = client.Close()
+		_ = clientConn.Close()
+		cancel()
+		os.Stdin = origStdin
+		os.Stdout = origStdout
+		_ = sshServer.Stop()
+		mockDaemon.stop()
+		jwksServer.Close()
+	}
+
+	return client, cleanupFn
+}
+
+func setupJWKSServer(t *testing.T) (*httptest.Server, *rsa.PrivateKey, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	privateKey, jwksJSON := generateTestJWKS(t)
+
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		if _, err := w.Write(jwksJSON); err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		}
+	}))
+
+	return server, privateKey, server.URL
+}
+
+func generateTestJWKS(t *testing.T) (*rsa.PrivateKey, []byte) {
+	t.Helper()
+	privateKey, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 2048)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	publicKey := &privateKey.PublicKey
+	n := publicKey.N.Bytes()
+	e := publicKey.E
+
+	jwk := nbjwt.JSONWebKey{
+		Kty: "RSA",
+		Kid: "test-key-id",
+		Use: "sig",
+		N:   base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(n),
+		E:   base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(big.NewInt(int64(e)).Bytes()),
+	}
+
+	jwks := nbjwt.Jwks{
+		Keys: []nbjwt.JSONWebKey{jwk},
+	}
+
+	jwksJSON, err := json.Marshal(jwks)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return privateKey, jwksJSON
+}
+
+func generateValidJWT(t *testing.T, privateKey *rsa.PrivateKey, issuer, audience string, user string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	claims := jwt.MapClaims{
+		"iss": issuer,
+		"aud": audience,
+		"sub": user,
+		"exp": time.Now().Add(time.Hour).Unix(),
+		"iat": time.Now().Unix(),
+	}
+
+	token := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodRS256, claims)
+	token.Header["kid"] = "test-key-id"
+
+	tokenString, err := token.SignedString(privateKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return tokenString
+}

client/ssh/proxy/proxy_test.go

@@ -1,25 +1,12 @@
 package proxy
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"crypto/rand"
-	"crypto/rsa"
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"math/big"
 	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
 	"os"
-	"runtime"
-	"strconv"
 	"testing"
-	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	cryptossh "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
@@ -28,11 +15,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
-	sshauth "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/auth"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/server"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/testutil"
-	nbjwt "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth/jwt"
-	sshuserhash "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/sshauth"
 )
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
@@ -106,331 +89,6 @@ func TestSSHProxy_verifyHostKey(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
-func TestSSHProxy_Connect(t *testing.T) {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.Skip("Skipping integration test in short mode")
-	}
-
-	// TODO: Windows test times out - user switching and command execution tested on Linux
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		t.Skip("Skipping on Windows - covered by Linux tests")
-	}
-
-	const (
-		issuer   = "https://test-issuer.example.com"
-		audience = "test-audience"
-	)
-
-	jwksServer, privateKey, jwksURL := setupJWKSServer(t)
-	defer jwksServer.Close()
-
-	hostKey, err := nbssh.GeneratePrivateKey(nbssh.ED25519)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	hostPubKey, err := nbssh.GeneratePublicKey(hostKey)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	serverConfig := &server.Config{
-		HostKeyPEM: hostKey,
-		JWT: &server.JWTConfig{
-			Issuer:       issuer,
-			Audiences:    []string{audience},
-			KeysLocation: jwksURL,
-		},
-	}
-	sshServer := server.New(serverConfig)
-	sshServer.SetAllowRootLogin(true)
-
-	// Configure SSH authorization for the test user
-	testUsername := testutil.GetTestUsername(t)
-	testJWTUser := "test-username"
-	testUserHash, err := sshuserhash.HashUserID(testJWTUser)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	authConfig := &sshauth.Config{
-		UserIDClaim:     sshauth.DefaultUserIDClaim,
-		AuthorizedUsers: []sshuserhash.UserIDHash{testUserHash},
-		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
-			testUsername: {0}, // Index 0 in AuthorizedUsers
-		},
-	}
-	sshServer.UpdateSSHAuth(authConfig)
-
-	sshServerAddr := server.StartTestServer(t, sshServer)
-	defer func() { _ = sshServer.Stop() }()
-
-	mockDaemon := startMockDaemon(t)
-	defer mockDaemon.stop()
-
-	host, portStr, err := net.SplitHostPort(sshServerAddr)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	port, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	mockDaemon.setHostKey(host, hostPubKey)
-
-	validToken := generateValidJWT(t, privateKey, issuer, audience, testJWTUser)
-	mockDaemon.setJWTToken(validToken)
-
-	proxyInstance, err := New(mockDaemon.addr, host, port, io.Discard, nil)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	clientConn, proxyConn := net.Pipe()
-	defer func() { _ = clientConn.Close() }()
-
-	origStdin := os.Stdin
-	origStdout := os.Stdout
-	defer func() {
-		os.Stdin = origStdin
-		os.Stdout = origStdout
-	}()
-
-	stdinReader, stdinWriter, err := os.Pipe()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	stdoutReader, stdoutWriter, err := os.Pipe()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	os.Stdin = stdinReader
-	os.Stdout = stdoutWriter
-
-	go func() {
-		_, _ = io.Copy(stdinWriter, proxyConn)
-	}()
-	go func() {
-		_, _ = io.Copy(proxyConn, stdoutReader)
-	}()
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	connectErrCh := make(chan error, 1)
-	go func() {
-		connectErrCh <- proxyInstance.Connect(ctx)
-	}()
-
-	sshConfig := &cryptossh.ClientConfig{
-		User:            testutil.GetTestUsername(t),
-		Auth:            []cryptossh.AuthMethod{},
-		HostKeyCallback: cryptossh.InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
-		Timeout:         3 * time.Second,
-	}
-
-	sshClientConn, chans, reqs, err := cryptossh.NewClientConn(clientConn, "test", sshConfig)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Should connect to proxy server")
-	defer func() { _ = sshClientConn.Close() }()
-
-	sshClient := cryptossh.NewClient(sshClientConn, chans, reqs)
-
-	session, err := sshClient.NewSession()
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Should create session through full proxy to backend")
-
-	outputCh := make(chan []byte, 1)
-	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
-	go func() {
-		output, err := session.Output("echo hello-from-proxy")
-		outputCh <- output
-		errCh <- err
-	}()
-
-	select {
-	case output := <-outputCh:
-		err := <-errCh
-		require.NoError(t, err, "Command should execute successfully through proxy")
-		assert.Contains(t, string(output), "hello-from-proxy", "Should receive command output through proxy")
-	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
-		t.Fatal("Command execution timed out")
-	}
-
-	_ = session.Close()
-	_ = sshClient.Close()
-	_ = clientConn.Close()
-	cancel()
-}
-
-// TestSSHProxy_CommandQuoting verifies that the proxy preserves shell quoting
-// when forwarding commands to the backend. This is critical for tools like
-// Ansible that send commands such as:
-//
-//	/bin/sh -c '( umask 77 && mkdir -p ... ) && sleep 0'
-//
-// The single quotes must be preserved so the backend shell receives the
-// subshell expression as a single argument to -c.
-func TestSSHProxy_CommandQuoting(t *testing.T) {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.Skip("Skipping integration test in short mode")
-	}
-
-	sshClient, cleanup := setupProxySSHClient(t)
-	defer cleanup()
-
-	// These commands simulate what the SSH protocol delivers as exec payloads.
-	// When a user types: ssh host '/bin/sh -c "( echo hello )"'
-	// the local shell strips the outer single quotes, and the SSH exec request
-	// contains the raw string: /bin/sh -c "( echo hello )"
-	//
-	// The proxy must forward this string verbatim. Using session.Command()
-	// (shlex.Split + strings.Join) strips the inner double quotes, breaking
-	// the command on the backend.
-	tests := []struct {
-		name    string
-		command string
-		expect  string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:    "subshell_in_double_quotes",
-			command: `/bin/sh -c "( echo from-subshell ) && echo outer"`,
-			expect:  "from-subshell\nouter\n",
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "printf_with_special_chars",
-			command: `/bin/sh -c "printf '%s\n' 'hello world'"`,
-			expect:  "hello world\n",
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "nested_command_substitution",
-			command: `/bin/sh -c "echo $(echo nested)"`,
-			expect:  "nested\n",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			session, err := sshClient.NewSession()
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			defer func() { _ = session.Close() }()
-
-			var stderrBuf bytes.Buffer
-			session.Stderr = &stderrBuf
-
-			outputCh := make(chan []byte, 1)
-			errCh := make(chan error, 1)
-			go func() {
-				output, err := session.Output(tc.command)
-				outputCh <- output
-				errCh <- err
-			}()
-
-			select {
-			case output := <-outputCh:
-				err := <-errCh
-				if stderrBuf.Len() > 0 {
-					t.Logf("stderr: %s", stderrBuf.String())
-				}
-				require.NoError(t, err, "command should succeed: %s", tc.command)
-				assert.Equal(t, tc.expect, string(output), "output mismatch for: %s", tc.command)
-			case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
-				t.Fatalf("command timed out: %s", tc.command)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// setupProxySSHClient creates a full proxy test environment and returns
-// an SSH client connected through the proxy to a backend NetBird SSH server.
-func setupProxySSHClient(t *testing.T) (*cryptossh.Client, func()) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	const (
-		issuer   = "https://test-issuer.example.com"
-		audience = "test-audience"
-	)
-
-	jwksServer, privateKey, jwksURL := setupJWKSServer(t)
-
-	hostKey, err := nbssh.GeneratePrivateKey(nbssh.ED25519)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	hostPubKey, err := nbssh.GeneratePublicKey(hostKey)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	serverConfig := &server.Config{
-		HostKeyPEM: hostKey,
-		JWT: &server.JWTConfig{
-			Issuer:       issuer,
-			Audiences:    []string{audience},
-			KeysLocation: jwksURL,
-		},
-	}
-	sshServer := server.New(serverConfig)
-	sshServer.SetAllowRootLogin(true)
-
-	testUsername := testutil.GetTestUsername(t)
-	testJWTUser := "test-username"
-	testUserHash, err := sshuserhash.HashUserID(testJWTUser)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	authConfig := &sshauth.Config{
-		UserIDClaim:     sshauth.DefaultUserIDClaim,
-		AuthorizedUsers: []sshuserhash.UserIDHash{testUserHash},
-		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
-			testUsername: {0},
-		},
-	}
-	sshServer.UpdateSSHAuth(authConfig)
-
-	sshServerAddr := server.StartTestServer(t, sshServer)
-
-	mockDaemon := startMockDaemon(t)
-
-	host, portStr, err := net.SplitHostPort(sshServerAddr)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	port, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	mockDaemon.setHostKey(host, hostPubKey)
-
-	validToken := generateValidJWT(t, privateKey, issuer, audience, testJWTUser)
-	mockDaemon.setJWTToken(validToken)
-
-	proxyInstance, err := New(mockDaemon.addr, host, port, io.Discard, nil)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	origStdin := os.Stdin
-	origStdout := os.Stdout
-
-	stdinReader, stdinWriter, err := os.Pipe()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	stdoutReader, stdoutWriter, err := os.Pipe()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	os.Stdin = stdinReader
-	os.Stdout = stdoutWriter
-
-	clientConn, proxyConn := net.Pipe()
-
-	go func() { _, _ = io.Copy(stdinWriter, proxyConn) }()
-	go func() { _, _ = io.Copy(proxyConn, stdoutReader) }()
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
-
-	go func() {
-		_ = proxyInstance.Connect(ctx)
-	}()
-
-	sshConfig := &cryptossh.ClientConfig{
-		User:            testutil.GetTestUsername(t),
-		Auth:            []cryptossh.AuthMethod{},
-		HostKeyCallback: cryptossh.InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
-		Timeout:         5 * time.Second,
-	}
-
-	sshClientConn, chans, reqs, err := cryptossh.NewClientConn(clientConn, "test", sshConfig)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	client := cryptossh.NewClient(sshClientConn, chans, reqs)
-
-	cleanupFn := func() {
-		_ = client.Close()
-		_ = clientConn.Close()
-		cancel()
-		os.Stdin = origStdin
-		os.Stdout = origStdout
-		_ = sshServer.Stop()
-		mockDaemon.stop()
-		jwksServer.Close()
-	}
-
-	return client, cleanupFn
-}
-
 type mockDaemonServer struct {
 	proto.UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer
 	hostKeys map[string][]byte
@@ -492,10 +150,6 @@ func (m *mockDaemon) setHostKey(addr string, pubKey []byte) {
 	m.impl.hostKeys[addr] = pubKey
 }
 
-func (m *mockDaemon) setJWTToken(token string) {
-	m.impl.jwtToken = token
-}
-
 func (m *mockDaemon) stop() {
 	if m.server != nil {
 		m.server.Stop()
@@ -508,63 +162,3 @@ func mustParsePublicKey(t *testing.T, pubKeyBytes []byte) cryptossh.PublicKey {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	return pubKey
 }
-
-func setupJWKSServer(t *testing.T) (*httptest.Server, *rsa.PrivateKey, string) {
-	t.Helper()
-	privateKey, jwksJSON := generateTestJWKS(t)
-
-	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-		if _, err := w.Write(jwksJSON); err != nil {
-			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		}
-	}))
-
-	return server, privateKey, server.URL
-}
-
-func generateTestJWKS(t *testing.T) (*rsa.PrivateKey, []byte) {
-	t.Helper()
-	privateKey, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 2048)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	publicKey := &privateKey.PublicKey
-	n := publicKey.N.Bytes()
-	e := publicKey.E
-
-	jwk := nbjwt.JSONWebKey{
-		Kty: "RSA",
-		Kid: "test-key-id",
-		Use: "sig",
-		N:   base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(n),
-		E:   base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(big.NewInt(int64(e)).Bytes()),
-	}
-
-	jwks := nbjwt.Jwks{
-		Keys: []nbjwt.JSONWebKey{jwk},
-	}
-
-	jwksJSON, err := json.Marshal(jwks)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	return privateKey, jwksJSON
-}
-
-func generateValidJWT(t *testing.T, privateKey *rsa.PrivateKey, issuer, audience string, user string) string {
-	t.Helper()
-	claims := jwt.MapClaims{
-		"iss": issuer,
-		"aud": audience,
-		"sub": user,
-		"exp": time.Now().Add(time.Hour).Unix(),
-		"iat": time.Now().Unix(),
-	}
-
-	token := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodRS256, claims)
-	token.Header["kid"] = "test-key-id"
-
-	tokenString, err := token.SignedString(privateKey)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	return tokenString
-}

client/ssh/server/command_execution_unix.go

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/creack/pty"
 	"github.com/gliderlabs/ssh"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/shell"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
@@ -147,10 +146,10 @@ func (s *Server) createShellCommand(ctx context.Context, shell string, args []st
 
 // prepareCommandEnv prepares environment variables for command execution on Unix
 func (s *Server) prepareCommandEnv(_ *log.Entry, localUser *user.User, session ssh.Session) []string {
-	env := shell.PrepareUserEnv(localUser, shell.GetUserShell(localUser.Uid))
+	env := prepareUserEnv(localUser, getUserShell(localUser.Uid))
 	env = append(env, prepareSSHEnv(session)...)
 	for _, v := range session.Environ() {
-		if shell.AcceptEnv(v) {
+		if acceptEnv(v) {
 			env = append(env, v)
 		}
 	}

client/ssh/server/command_execution_windows.go

@@ -247,10 +247,10 @@ func (s *Server) prepareCommandEnv(logger *log.Entry, localUser *user.User, sess
 	userEnv, err := s.getUserEnvironment(logger, username, domain)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Debugf("failed to get user environment for %s\\%s, using fallback: %v", domain, username, err)
-		env := shell.PrepareUserEnv(localUser, shell.GetUserShell(localUser.Uid))
+		env := prepareUserEnv(localUser, getUserShell(localUser.Uid))
 		env = append(env, prepareSSHEnv(session)...)
 		for _, v := range session.Environ() {
-			if shell.AcceptEnv(v) {
+			if acceptEnv(v) {
 				env = append(env, v)
 			}
 		}
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ func (s *Server) prepareCommandEnv(logger *log.Entry, localUser *user.User, sess
 	env := userEnv
 	env = append(env, prepareSSHEnv(session)...)
 	for _, v := range session.Environ() {
-		if shell.AcceptEnv(v) {
+		if acceptEnv(v) {
 			env = append(env, v)
 		}
 	}
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ func (s *Server) handlePtyLogin(logger *log.Entry, session ssh.Session, privileg
 		return false
 	}
 
-	shell := shell.GetUserShell(privilegeResult.User.Uid)
+	shell := getUserShell(privilegeResult.User.Uid)
 	logger.Infof("starting interactive shell: %s", shell)
 
 	s.executeCommandWithPty(logger, session, nil, privilegeResult, ptyReq, nil)
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ func (s *Server) executeCommandWithPty(logger *log.Entry, session ssh.Session, _
 	}
 
 	username, domain := s.parseUsername(localUser.Username)
-	shell := shell.GetUserShell(localUser.Uid)
+	shell := getUserShell(localUser.Uid)
 
 	req := PtyExecutionRequest{
 		Shell:    shell,

client/ssh/server/executor_unix_privileged_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+//go:build unix && privileged
+
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestPrivilegeDropper_CreateExecutorCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	pd := NewPrivilegeDropper()
+
+	config := ExecutorConfig{
+		UID:        1000,
+		GID:        1000,
+		Groups:     []uint32{1000, 1001},
+		WorkingDir: "/home/testuser",
+		Shell:      "/bin/bash",
+		Command:    "ls -la",
+	}
+
+	cmd, err := pd.CreateExecutorCommand(context.Background(), config)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, cmd)
+
+	// Verify the command is calling netbird ssh exec
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "ssh")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "exec")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--uid")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "1000")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--gid")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "1000")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--groups")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "1000")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "1001")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--working-dir")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "/home/testuser")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--shell")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "/bin/bash")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--cmd")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "ls -la")
+}
+
+func TestPrivilegeDropper_CreateExecutorCommandInteractive(t *testing.T) {
+	pd := NewPrivilegeDropper()
+
+	config := ExecutorConfig{
+		UID:        1000,
+		GID:        1000,
+		Groups:     []uint32{1000},
+		WorkingDir: "/home/testuser",
+		Shell:      "/bin/bash",
+		Command:    "",
+	}
+
+	cmd, err := pd.CreateExecutorCommand(context.Background(), config)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, cmd)
+
+	// Verify no command mode (command is empty so no --cmd flag)
+	assert.NotContains(t, cmd.Args, "--cmd")
+	assert.NotContains(t, cmd.Args, "--interactive")
+}

client/ssh/server/executor_unix_test.go

@@ -73,61 +73,6 @@ func TestPrivilegeDropper_ValidatePrivileges(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestPrivilegeDropper_CreateExecutorCommand(t *testing.T) {
-	pd := NewPrivilegeDropper()
-
-	config := ExecutorConfig{
-		UID:        1000,
-		GID:        1000,
-		Groups:     []uint32{1000, 1001},
-		WorkingDir: "/home/testuser",
-		Shell:      "/bin/bash",
-		Command:    "ls -la",
-	}
-
-	cmd, err := pd.CreateExecutorCommand(context.Background(), config)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, cmd)
-
-	// Verify the command is calling netbird ssh exec
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "ssh")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "exec")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--uid")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "1000")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--gid")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "1000")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--groups")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "1000")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "1001")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--working-dir")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "/home/testuser")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--shell")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "/bin/bash")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--cmd")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "ls -la")
-}
-
-func TestPrivilegeDropper_CreateExecutorCommandInteractive(t *testing.T) {
-	pd := NewPrivilegeDropper()
-
-	config := ExecutorConfig{
-		UID:        1000,
-		GID:        1000,
-		Groups:     []uint32{1000},
-		WorkingDir: "/home/testuser",
-		Shell:      "/bin/bash",
-		Command:    "",
-	}
-
-	cmd, err := pd.CreateExecutorCommand(context.Background(), config)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, cmd)
-
-	// Verify no command mode (command is empty so no --cmd flag)
-	assert.NotContains(t, cmd.Args, "--cmd")
-	assert.NotContains(t, cmd.Args, "--interactive")
-}
-
 // TestPrivilegeDropper_ActualPrivilegeDrop tests actual privilege dropping
 // This test requires root privileges and will be skipped if not running as root
 func TestPrivilegeDropper_ActualPrivilegeDrop(t *testing.T) {

client/ssh/server/getent_cgo_unix.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //go:build cgo && !osusergo && !windows
 
-package shell
+package server
 
 import "os/user"
 
@@ -8,22 +8,17 @@ import "os/user"
 // When CGO is enabled, os/user uses libc (getpwnam_r) which goes through
 // the NSS stack natively. If it fails, the user truly doesn't exist and
 // getent would also fail.
-func LookupWithGetent(username string) (*user.User, error) {
+func lookupWithGetent(username string) (*user.User, error) {
 	return user.Lookup(username)
 }
 
 // currentUserWithGetent with CGO delegates directly to os/user.Current.
-func CurrentUserWithGetent() (*user.User, error) {
+func currentUserWithGetent() (*user.User, error) {
 	return user.Current()
 }
 
-// LookupGroupWithGetent returns the resolved group from either a gid or groupname
-func LookupGroupWithGetent(name string) (*user.Group, error) {
-	return user.LookupGroup(name)
-}
-
 // groupIdsWithFallback with CGO delegates directly to user.GroupIds.
 // libc's getgrouplist handles NSS groups natively.
-func GroupIdsWithFallback(u *user.User) ([]string, error) {
+func groupIdsWithFallback(u *user.User) ([]string, error) {
 	return u.GroupIds()
 }

client/ssh/server/getent_nocgo_unix.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //go:build (!cgo || osusergo) && !windows
 
-package shell
+package server
 
 import (
 	"os"
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 // lookupWithGetent looks up a user by name, falling back to getent if os/user fails.
 // Without CGO, os/user only reads /etc/passwd and misses NSS-provided users.
 // getent goes through the host's NSS stack.
-func LookupWithGetent(username string) (*user.User, error) {
+func lookupWithGetent(username string) (*user.User, error) {
 	u, err := user.Lookup(username)
 	if err == nil {
 		return u, nil
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func LookupWithGetent(username string) (*user.User, error) {
 	stdErr := err
 	log.Debugf("os/user.Lookup(%q) failed, trying getent: %v", username, err)
 
-	u, _, getentErr := runGetentPasswd(username)
+	u, _, getentErr := runGetent(username)
 	if getentErr != nil {
 		log.Debugf("getent fallback for %q also failed: %v", username, getentErr)
 		return nil, stdErr
@@ -31,25 +31,8 @@ func LookupWithGetent(username string) (*user.User, error) {
 	return u, nil
 }
 
-// LookupGroupWithGetent returns the resolved group from either a gid or groupname
-func LookupGroupWithGetent(name string) (*user.Group, error) {
-	g, err := user.LookupGroup(name)
-	if err == nil {
-		return g, nil
-	}
-
-	stdErr := err
-	log.Debugf("os/user.LookupGroup(%q) failed, trying getent: %v", name, err)
-	g, getentErr := runGetentGroup(name)
-	if getentErr != nil {
-		log.Debugf("getent fallback for %q also failed: %v", name, getentErr)
-		return nil, stdErr
-	}
-	return g, nil
-}
-
 // currentUserWithGetent gets the current user, falling back to getent if os/user fails.
-func CurrentUserWithGetent() (*user.User, error) {
+func currentUserWithGetent() (*user.User, error) {
 	u, err := user.Current()
 	if err == nil {
 		return u, nil
@@ -59,7 +42,7 @@ func CurrentUserWithGetent() (*user.User, error) {
 	uid := strconv.Itoa(os.Getuid())
 	log.Debugf("os/user.Current() failed, trying getent with UID %s: %v", uid, err)
 
-	u, _, getentErr := runGetentPasswd(uid)
+	u, _, getentErr := runGetent(uid)
 	if getentErr != nil {
 		return nil, stdErr
 	}
@@ -74,7 +57,7 @@ func CurrentUserWithGetent() (*user.User, error) {
 // only reads /etc/group and silently returns incomplete results for NSS users
 // (no error, just missing groups). The id command goes through NSS and returns
 // the full set.
-func GroupIdsWithFallback(u *user.User) ([]string, error) {
+func groupIdsWithFallback(u *user.User) ([]string, error) {
 	ids, err := runIdGroups(u.Username)
 	if err == nil {
 		return ids, nil

client/ssh/server/getent_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package shell
+package server
 
 import (
 	"os/user"
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ func TestLookupWithGetent_CurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
 	current, err := user.Current()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	u, err := LookupWithGetent(current.Username)
+	u, err := lookupWithGetent(current.Username)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, current.Username, u.Username)
 	assert.Equal(t, current.Uid, u.Uid)
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func TestLookupWithGetent_CurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLookupWithGetent_NonexistentUser(t *testing.T) {
-	_, err := LookupWithGetent("nonexistent_user_xyzzy_12345")
+	_, err := lookupWithGetent("nonexistent_user_xyzzy_12345")
 	require.Error(t, err, "should fail for nonexistent user")
 }
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func TestCurrentUserWithGetent(t *testing.T) {
 	stdUser, err := user.Current()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	u, err := CurrentUserWithGetent()
+	u, err := currentUserWithGetent()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, stdUser.Uid, u.Uid)
 	assert.Equal(t, stdUser.Username, u.Username)
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ func TestGroupIdsWithFallback_CurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
 	current, err := user.Current()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	groups, err := GroupIdsWithFallback(current)
+	groups, err := groupIdsWithFallback(current)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotEmpty(t, groups, "current user should have at least one group")
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func TestGroupIdsWithFallback_CurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
 func TestGetShellFromGetent_CurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		// Windows stub always returns empty, which is correct
-		shell := GetShellFromGetent("1000")
+		shell := getShellFromGetent("1000")
 		assert.Empty(t, shell, "Windows stub should return empty")
 		return
 	}
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ func TestGetShellFromGetent_CurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// getent may not be available on all systems (e.g., macOS without Homebrew getent)
-	shell := GetShellFromGetent(current.Uid)
+	shell := getShellFromGetent(current.Uid)
 	if shell == "" {
 		t.Log("getShellFromGetent returned empty, getent may not be available")
 		return
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func TestLookupWithGetent_RootUser(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Skip("no root user on Windows")
 	}
 
-	u, err := LookupWithGetent("root")
+	u, err := lookupWithGetent("root")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Skip("root user not available on this system")
 	}
@@ -91,20 +91,20 @@ func TestLookupWithGetent_RootUser(t *testing.T) {
 // consistent and correct results when composed together.
 func TestIntegration_FullLookupChain(t *testing.T) {
 	// Step 1: currentUserWithGetent must resolve the running user.
-	current, err := CurrentUserWithGetent()
+	current, err := currentUserWithGetent()
 	require.NoError(t, err, "currentUserWithGetent must resolve the running user")
 	require.NotEmpty(t, current.Uid)
 	require.NotEmpty(t, current.Username)
 
 	// Step 2: lookupWithGetent by the same username must return matching identity.
-	byName, err := LookupWithGetent(current.Username)
+	byName, err := lookupWithGetent(current.Username)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, current.Uid, byName.Uid, "lookup by name should return same UID")
 	assert.Equal(t, current.Gid, byName.Gid, "lookup by name should return same GID")
 	assert.Equal(t, current.HomeDir, byName.HomeDir, "lookup by name should return same home")
 
 	// Step 3: groupIdsWithFallback must return at least the primary GID.
-	groups, err := GroupIdsWithFallback(current)
+	groups, err := groupIdsWithFallback(current)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotEmpty(t, groups, "user must have at least one group")
 
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ func TestIntegration_FullLookupChain(t *testing.T) {
 	// Step 4: getShellFromGetent should either return a valid shell path or empty
 	// (empty is OK when getent is not available, e.g. macOS without Homebrew getent).
 	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
-		shell := GetShellFromGetent(current.Uid)
+		shell := getShellFromGetent(current.Uid)
 		if shell != "" {
 			assert.True(t, shell[0] == '/', "shell should be an absolute path, got %q", shell)
 		}
@@ -138,10 +138,10 @@ func TestIntegration_LookupAndGroupsConsistency(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Simulate the SSH server flow: lookup user, then get their groups.
-	resolved, err := LookupWithGetent(current.Username)
+	resolved, err := lookupWithGetent(current.Username)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	groups, err := GroupIdsWithFallback(resolved)
+	groups, err := groupIdsWithFallback(resolved)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotEmpty(t, groups, "resolved user must have groups")
 
@@ -154,3 +154,19 @@ func TestIntegration_LookupAndGroupsConsistency(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// TestIntegration_ShellLookupChain tests the full shell resolution chain
+// (getShellFromPasswd -> getShellFromGetent -> $SHELL -> default) on Unix.
+func TestIntegration_ShellLookupChain(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("Unix shell lookup not applicable on Windows")
+	}
+
+	current, err := user.Current()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// getUserShell is the top-level function used by the SSH server.
+	shell := getUserShell(current.Uid)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, shell, "getUserShell must always return a shell")
+	assert.True(t, shell[0] == '/', "shell should be an absolute path, got %q", shell)
+}

client/ssh/server/getent_unix.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //go:build !windows
 
-package shell
+package server
 
 import (
 	"context"
@@ -14,25 +14,19 @@ import (
 
 const getentTimeout = 5 * time.Second
 
-// GetShellFromGetent gets a user's login shell via getent by UID.
+// getShellFromGetent gets a user's login shell via getent by UID.
 // This is needed even with CGO because getShellFromPasswd reads /etc/passwd
 // directly and won't find NSS-provided users there.
-func GetShellFromGetent(userID string) string {
-	_, shell, err := runGetentPasswd(userID)
+func getShellFromGetent(userID string) string {
+	_, shell, err := runGetent(userID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return ""
 	}
 	return shell
 }
 
-// GetUserFromGetent returns the resolved group from either a uid or username
-func GetUserFromGetent(user string) (*user.User, error) {
-	u, _, err := runGetentPasswd(user)
-	return u, err
-}
-
-// runGetentPasswd executes `getent passwd <query>` and returns the user and login shell.
-func runGetentPasswd(query string) (*user.User, string, error) {
+// runGetent executes `getent passwd <query>` and returns the user and login shell.
+func runGetent(query string) (*user.User, string, error) {
 	if !validateGetentInput(query) {
 		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("invalid getent input: %q", query)
 	}
@@ -48,23 +42,6 @@ func runGetentPasswd(query string) (*user.User, string, error) {
 	return parseGetentPasswd(string(out))
 }
 
-// runGetentGroup executes `getent group <query>` and returns the group
-func runGetentGroup(query string) (*user.Group, error) {
-	if !validateGetentInput(query) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid getent input: %q", query)
-	}
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), getentTimeout)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	out, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "getent", "group", query).Output()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("getent passwd%s: %w", query, err)
-	}
-
-	return parseGetentGroup(string(out))
-}
-
 // parseGetentPasswd parses getent passwd output: "name:x:uid:gid:gecos:home:shell"
 func parseGetentPasswd(output string) (*user.User, string, error) {
 	fields := strings.SplitN(strings.TrimSpace(output), ":", 8)
@@ -90,20 +67,6 @@ func parseGetentPasswd(output string) (*user.User, string, error) {
 	}, shell, nil
 }
 
-// parseGetentGroup parses getent group output: "group:x:gid:user"
-func parseGetentGroup(output string) (*user.Group, error) {
-	fields := strings.SplitN(strings.TrimSpace(output), ":", 8)
-	if len(fields) < 4 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected getent output (need 4+ fields): %q", output)
-	}
-
-	if fields[0] == "" || fields[2] == "" {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("missing required fields in getent output: %q", output)
-	}
-
-	return &user.Group{Gid: fields[2], Name: fields[0]}, nil
-}
-
 // validateGetentInput checks that the input is safe to pass to getent or id.
 // Allows POSIX usernames, numeric UIDs, and common NSS extensions
 // (@ for Kerberos, $ for Samba, + for NIS compat).

client/ssh/server/getent_unix_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //go:build !windows
 
-package shell
+package server
 
 import (
 	"os/exec"
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ func TestRunGetent_RootUser(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Skip("getent not available on this system")
 	}
 
-	u, shell, err := runGetentPasswd("root")
+	u, shell, err := runGetent("root")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "root", u.Username)
 	assert.Equal(t, "0", u.Uid)
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ func TestRunGetent_ByUID(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Skip("getent not available on this system")
 	}
 
-	u, _, err := runGetentPasswd("0")
+	u, _, err := runGetent("0")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "root", u.Username)
 	assert.Equal(t, "0", u.Uid)
@@ -219,15 +219,15 @@ func TestRunGetent_NonexistentUser(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Skip("getent not available on this system")
 	}
 
-	_, _, err := runGetentPasswd("nonexistent_user_xyzzy_12345")
+	_, _, err := runGetent("nonexistent_user_xyzzy_12345")
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 }
 
 func TestRunGetent_InvalidInput(t *testing.T) {
-	_, _, err := runGetentPasswd("")
+	_, _, err := runGetent("")
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 
-	_, _, err = runGetentPasswd("user\x00name")
+	_, _, err = runGetent("user\x00name")
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 }
 
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ func TestRunGetent_NotAvailable(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Skip("getent is available, can't test missing case")
 	}
 
-	_, _, err := runGetentPasswd("root")
+	_, _, err := runGetent("root")
 	assert.Error(t, err, "should fail when getent is not installed")
 }
 
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ func TestGetentResultsMatchStdlib(t *testing.T) {
 	current, err := user.Current()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	getentUser, _, err := runGetentPasswd(current.Username)
+	getentUser, _, err := runGetent(current.Username)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, current.Username, getentUser.Username, "username should match")
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ func TestGetentResultsMatchStdlib_ByUID(t *testing.T) {
 	current, err := user.Current()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	getentUser, _, err := runGetentPasswd(current.Uid)
+	getentUser, _, err := runGetent(current.Uid)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, current.Username, getentUser.Username, "username should match when looked up by UID")
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ func TestGetShellFromPasswd_CurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.True(t, shell[0] == '/', "shell should be an absolute path, got %q", shell)
 
 	if _, err := exec.LookPath("getent"); err == nil {
-		_, getentShell, getentErr := runGetentPasswd(current.Uid)
+		_, getentShell, getentErr := runGetent(current.Uid)
 		if getentErr == nil && getentShell != "" {
 			assert.Equal(t, getentShell, shell, "shell from /etc/passwd should match getent")
 		}
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ func TestGetShellFromPasswd_MatchesGetentForKnownUsers(t *testing.T) {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		_, getentShell, err := runGetentPasswd(uid)
+		_, getentShell, err := runGetent(uid)
 		if err != nil {
 			continue
 		}

client/ssh/server/getent_windows.go

@@ -1,26 +1,26 @@
 //go:build windows
 
-package shell
+package server
 
 import "os/user"
 
 // lookupWithGetent on Windows just delegates to os/user.Lookup.
 // Windows does not use NSS/getent; its user lookup works without CGO.
-func LookupWithGetent(username string) (*user.User, error) {
+func lookupWithGetent(username string) (*user.User, error) {
 	return user.Lookup(username)
 }
 
 // currentUserWithGetent on Windows just delegates to os/user.Current.
-func CurrentUserWithGetent() (*user.User, error) {
+func currentUserWithGetent() (*user.User, error) {
 	return user.Current()
 }
 
 // getShellFromGetent is a no-op on Windows; shell resolution uses PowerShell detection.
-func GetShellFromGetent(_ string) string {
+func getShellFromGetent(_ string) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
 // groupIdsWithFallback on Windows just delegates to u.GroupIds().
-func GroupIdsWithFallback(u *user.User) ([]string, error) {
+func groupIdsWithFallback(u *user.User) ([]string, error) {
 	return u.GroupIds()
 }

client/ssh/server/shell.go

@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
-package shell
+package server
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"os/user"
 	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/gliderlabs/ssh"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
@@ -21,7 +24,7 @@ const (
 
 // getUserShell returns the appropriate shell for the given user ID
 // Handles all platform-specific logic and fallbacks consistently
-func GetUserShell(userID string) string {
+func getUserShell(userID string) string {
 	switch runtime.GOOS {
 	case "windows":
 		return getWindowsUserShell()
@@ -53,7 +56,7 @@ func getUnixUserShell(userID string) string {
 		return shell
 	}
 
-	if shell := GetShellFromGetent(userID); shell != "" {
+	if shell := getShellFromGetent(userID); shell != "" {
 		return shell
 	}
 
@@ -98,8 +101,8 @@ func getShellFromPasswd(userID string) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
-// PrepareUserEnv prepares environment variables for user execution
-func PrepareUserEnv(user *user.User, shell string) []string {
+// prepareUserEnv prepares environment variables for user execution
+func prepareUserEnv(user *user.User, shell string) []string {
 	pathValue := "/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games"
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		pathValue = `C:\Windows\System32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0`
@@ -116,7 +119,7 @@ func PrepareUserEnv(user *user.User, shell string) []string {
 
 // acceptEnv checks if environment variable from SSH client should be accepted
 // This is a whitelist of variables that SSH clients can send to the server
-func AcceptEnv(envVar string) bool {
+func acceptEnv(envVar string) bool {
 	varName := envVar
 	if idx := strings.Index(envVar, "="); idx != -1 {
 		varName = envVar[:idx]
@@ -153,3 +156,29 @@ func AcceptEnv(envVar string) bool {
 
 	return false
 }
+
+// prepareSSHEnv prepares SSH protocol-specific environment variables
+// These variables provide information about the SSH connection itself
+func prepareSSHEnv(session ssh.Session) []string {
+	remoteAddr := session.RemoteAddr()
+	localAddr := session.LocalAddr()
+
+	remoteHost, remotePort, err := net.SplitHostPort(remoteAddr.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		remoteHost = remoteAddr.String()
+		remotePort = "0"
+	}
+
+	localHost, localPort, err := net.SplitHostPort(localAddr.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		localHost = localAddr.String()
+		localPort = strconv.Itoa(InternalSSHPort)
+	}
+
+	return []string{
+		// SSH_CLIENT format: "client_ip client_port server_port"
+		fmt.Sprintf("SSH_CLIENT=%s %s %s", remoteHost, remotePort, localPort),
+		// SSH_CONNECTION format: "client_ip client_port server_ip server_port"
+		fmt.Sprintf("SSH_CONNECTION=%s %s %s %s", remoteHost, remotePort, localHost, localPort),
+	}
+}

client/ssh/server/user_utils.go

@@ -3,15 +3,11 @@ package server
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
 	"os"
 	"os/user"
 	"runtime"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/gliderlabs/ssh"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/shell"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
@@ -27,8 +23,8 @@ func isPlatformUnix() bool {
 
 // Dependency injection variables for testing - allows mocking dynamic runtime checks
 var (
-	getCurrentUser         = shell.CurrentUserWithGetent
-	lookupUser             = shell.LookupWithGetent
+	getCurrentUser         = currentUserWithGetent
+	lookupUser             = lookupWithGetent
 	getCurrentOS           = func() string { return runtime.GOOS }
 	getIsProcessPrivileged = isCurrentProcessPrivileged
 
@@ -413,29 +409,3 @@ func isWindowsElevated() bool {
 	log.Debugf("Windows user switching not supported: not running as privileged user (current: %s)", currentUser.Uid)
 	return false
 }
-
-// prepareSSHEnv prepares SSH protocol-specific environment variables
-// These variables provide information about the SSH connection itself
-func prepareSSHEnv(session ssh.Session) []string {
-	remoteAddr := session.RemoteAddr()
-	localAddr := session.LocalAddr()
-
-	remoteHost, remotePort, err := net.SplitHostPort(remoteAddr.String())
-	if err != nil {
-		remoteHost = remoteAddr.String()
-		remotePort = "0"
-	}
-
-	localHost, localPort, err := net.SplitHostPort(localAddr.String())
-	if err != nil {
-		localHost = localAddr.String()
-		localPort = strconv.Itoa(InternalSSHPort)
-	}
-
-	return []string{
-		// SSH_CLIENT format: "client_ip client_port server_port"
-		fmt.Sprintf("SSH_CLIENT=%s %s %s", remoteHost, remotePort, localPort),
-		// SSH_CONNECTION format: "client_ip client_port server_ip server_port"
-		fmt.Sprintf("SSH_CONNECTION=%s %s %s %s", remoteHost, remotePort, localHost, localPort),
-	}
-}

client/ssh/server/userswitching_unix.go

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/gliderlabs/ssh"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/shell"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
@@ -161,7 +160,7 @@ func (s *Server) parseUserCredentials(localUser *user.User) (uint32, uint32, []u
 // getSupplementaryGroups retrieves supplementary group IDs for a user.
 // Uses id/getent fallback for NSS users in CGO_ENABLED=0 builds.
 func (s *Server) getSupplementaryGroups(u *user.User) ([]uint32, error) {
-	groupIDStrings, err := shell.GroupIdsWithFallback(u)
+	groupIDStrings, err := groupIdsWithFallback(u)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get group IDs for user %s: %w", u.Username, err)
 	}
@@ -197,7 +196,7 @@ func (s *Server) createExecutorCommand(logger *log.Entry, session ssh.Session, l
 		GID:        gid,
 		Groups:     groups,
 		WorkingDir: localUser.HomeDir,
-		Shell:      shell.GetUserShell(localUser.Uid),
+		Shell:      getUserShell(localUser.Uid),
 		Command:    session.RawCommand(),
 		PTY:        hasPty,
 	}
@@ -229,7 +228,7 @@ func (s *Server) createPtyCommand(privilegeResult PrivilegeCheckResult, ptyReq s
 func (s *Server) createDirectPtyCommand(session ssh.Session, localUser *user.User, ptyReq ssh.Pty) *exec.Cmd {
 	log.Debugf("creating direct Pty command for user %s (no user switching needed)", localUser.Username)
 
-	shell := shell.GetUserShell(localUser.Uid)
+	shell := getUserShell(localUser.Uid)
 	args := s.getShellCommandArgs(shell, session.RawCommand())
 
 	cmd := s.createShellCommand(session.Context(), shell, args)
@@ -246,12 +245,12 @@ func (s *Server) preparePtyEnv(localUser *user.User, ptyReq ssh.Pty, session ssh
 		termType = "xterm-256color"
 	}
 
-	env := shell.PrepareUserEnv(localUser, shell.GetUserShell(localUser.Uid))
+	env := prepareUserEnv(localUser, getUserShell(localUser.Uid))
 	env = append(env, prepareSSHEnv(session)...)
 	env = append(env, fmt.Sprintf("TERM=%s", termType))
 
 	for _, v := range session.Environ() {
-		if shell.AcceptEnv(v) {
+		if acceptEnv(v) {
 			env = append(env, v)
 		}
 	}

client/ssh/server/userswitching_windows.go

@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gliderlabs/ssh"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/shell"
 )
 
 // validateUsername validates Windows usernames according to SAM Account Name rules
@@ -106,7 +104,7 @@ func (s *Server) createExecutorCommand(logger *log.Entry, session ssh.Session, l
 func (s *Server) createUserSwitchCommand(logger *log.Entry, session ssh.Session, localUser *user.User) (*exec.Cmd, func(), error) {
 	username, domain := s.parseUsername(localUser.Username)
 
-	sh := shell.GetUserShell(localUser.Uid)
+	shell := getUserShell(localUser.Uid)
 
 	rawCmd := session.RawCommand()
 	var command string
@@ -118,7 +116,7 @@ func (s *Server) createUserSwitchCommand(logger *log.Entry, session ssh.Session,
 		Username:   username,
 		Domain:     domain,
 		WorkingDir: localUser.HomeDir,
-		Shell:      sh,
+		Shell:      shell,
 		Command:    command,
 	}