[client] Revert "Clean up legacy 32-bit and HKCU registry entries on Windows install (#6176)" (#6232)

This reverts commit d927ef468a.

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 - [ ] Is a feature enhancement
 - [ ] It is a refactor
 - [ ] Created tests that fail without the change (if possible)
+- [ ] This change does **not** modify the public API, gRPC protocols, functionality behavior, CLI / service flags, or introduce a new feature — **OR** I have discussed it with the NetBird team beforehand (link the issue / Slack thread in the description). See [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#discuss-changes-with-the-netbird-team-first).
 
 > By submitting this pull request, you confirm that you have read and agree to the terms of the [Contributor License Agreement](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/blob/main/CONTRIBUTOR_LICENSE_AGREEMENT.md).
 

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ If you haven't already, join our slack workspace [here](https://docs.netbird.io/
 - [Contributing to NetBird](#contributing-to-netbird)
     - [Contents](#contents)
     - [Code of conduct](#code-of-conduct)
+    - [Discuss changes with the NetBird team first](#discuss-changes-with-the-netbird-team-first)
     - [Directory structure](#directory-structure)
     - [Development setup](#development-setup)
         - [Requirements](#requirements)
@@ -33,6 +34,14 @@ Conduct which can be found in the file [CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md](CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md).
 By participating, you are expected to uphold this code. Please report
 unacceptable behavior to community@netbird.io.
 
+## Discuss changes with the NetBird team first
+
+Changes to the **public API**, **gRPC protocols**, **functionality behavior**, **CLI / service flags**, or **new features** should be discussed with the NetBird team before you start the work. These surfaces are part of NetBird's contract with operators, self-hosters, and downstream integrators, and changes to them have compatibility, security, and release-planning implications that benefit from an early conversation.
+
+Open an issue or reach out on [Slack](https://docs.netbird.io/slack-url) to talk through what you have in mind. We'll help shape the change, flag any constraints we know about, and confirm the direction so the PR review can focus on implementation rather than design.
+
+Typical bug fixes, internal refactors, documentation updates, and tests do not need pre-discussion — open the PR directly.
+
 ## Directory structure
 
 The NetBird project monorepo is organized to maintain most of its individual dependencies code within their directories, except for a few auxiliary or shared packages.

README.md

@@ -1,147 +1,134 @@
 
 <div align="center">
-<br/>
-  <br/>
-<p align="center">
-  <img width="234" src="docs/media/logo-full.png"/>
-</p>
-  <p>
-   <a href="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-BSD--3-blue)">
-       <img src="https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=netbirdio_netbird&metric=alert_status" />
-     </a> 
-     <a href="https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/blob/main/LICENSE">
-       <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-BSD--3-blue" />
-     </a> 
-    <br>
+  <p align="center">
+    <img width="234" src="docs/media/logo-full.png" alt="NetBird logo"/>
+  </p>
+  <p align="center">
+    <a href="https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard?id=netbirdio_netbird">
+      <img src="https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=netbirdio_netbird&metric=alert_status" alt="SonarCloud alert status"/>
+    </a>
+    <a href="https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/blob/main/LICENSE">
+      <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-BSD--3-blue" alt="BSD-3 License"/>
+    </a>
     <a href="https://docs.netbird.io/slack-url">
-        <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/slack-@netbird-red.svg?logo=slack"/>
-     </a>
+      <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/slack-@netbird-red.svg?logo=slack" alt="NetBird Slack"/>
+    </a>
     <a href="https://forum.netbird.io">
-        <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/community forum-@netbird-red.svg?logo=discourse"/>
-     </a>  
-     <br>
+      <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/community%20forum-@netbird-red.svg?logo=discourse" alt="Community forum"/>
+    </a>
     <a href="https://gurubase.io/g/netbird">
-        <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Gurubase-Ask%20NetBird%20Guru-006BFF"/>
-     </a>    
+      <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Gurubase-Ask%20NetBird%20Guru-006BFF" alt="Gurubase: Ask NetBird Guru"/>
+    </a>
   </p>
 </div>
 
-
 <p align="center">
-<strong>
-  Start using NetBird at <a href="https://netbird.io/pricing">netbird.io</a>
+  <strong>
+    Start using NetBird at <a href="https://netbird.io/pricing">netbird.io</a>
+    <br/>
+    See <a href="https://netbird.io/docs/">Documentation</a>
+    <br/>
+    Join our <a href="https://docs.netbird.io/slack-url">Slack channel</a> or our <a href="https://forum.netbird.io">Community forum</a>
+  </strong>
   <br/>
-  See <a href="https://netbird.io/docs/">Documentation</a>
   <br/>
-   Join our <a href="https://docs.netbird.io/slack-url">Slack channel</a> or our <a href="https://forum.netbird.io">Community forum</a>
-  <br/>
- 
-</strong>
-<br>
-<strong>
-  🚀 <a href="https://careers.netbird.io">We are hiring! Join us at careers.netbird.io</a>
-</strong>
-<br>
-<br>
-<a href="https://registry.terraform.io/providers/netbirdio/netbird/latest">
-    New: NetBird terraform provider
-  </a> 
+  <strong>
+    🚀 <a href="https://careers.netbird.io">We are hiring! Join us at careers.netbird.io</a>
+  </strong>
 </p>
 
-<br>
-
 **NetBird combines a configuration-free peer-to-peer private network and a centralized access control system in a single platform, making it easy to create secure private networks for your organization or home.**
 
 **Connect.** NetBird creates a WireGuard-based overlay network that automatically connects your machines over an encrypted tunnel, leaving behind the hassle of opening ports, complex firewall rules, VPN gateways, and so forth.
 
 **Secure.** NetBird enables secure remote access by applying granular access policies while allowing you to manage them intuitively from a single place. Works universally on any infrastructure.
 
-### Open Source Network Security in a Single Platform
-
 https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/10cec749-bb56-4ab3-97af-4e38850108d2
 
-### Self-Host NetBird (Video)
+### Self-host NetBird (video)
+
 [![Watch the video](https://img.youtube.com/vi/bZAgpT6nzaQ/0.jpg)](https://youtu.be/bZAgpT6nzaQ)
 
 ### Key features
 
-| Connectivity | Management | Security | Automation| Platforms |
-|----|----|----|----|----|
-| <ul><li>- \[x] Kernel WireGuard</ul></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Admin Web UI](https://github.com/netbirdio/dashboard)</ul></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [SSO & MFA support](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/installation#running-net-bird-with-sso-login)</ul></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Public API](https://docs.netbird.io/api)</ul></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Linux</ul></li> |
-| <ul><li>- \[x] Peer-to-peer connections</ul></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Auto peer discovery and configuration</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Access control - groups & rules](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-network-access)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Setup keys for bulk network provisioning](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/register-machines-using-setup-keys)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Mac</ui></li> |
-| <ul><li>- \[x] Connection relay fallback</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [IdP integrations](https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/identity-providers)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Activity logging](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/audit-events-logging)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Self-hosting quickstart script](https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-quickstart)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Windows</ui></li> |
-| <ul><li>- \[x] [Routes to external networks](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/routing-traffic-to-private-networks)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Private DNS](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-dns-in-your-network)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Device posture checks](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-posture-checks)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] IdP groups sync with JWT</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Android</ui></li> |
-| <ul><li>- \[x] NAT traversal with BPF</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Multiuser support](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/add-users-to-your-network)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Peer-to-peer encryption</ui></li> || <ul><li>- \[x] iOS</ui></li> |
-||| <ul><li>- \[x] [Quantum-resistance with Rosenpass](https://netbird.io/knowledge-hub/the-first-quantum-resistant-mesh-vpn)</ui></li> || <ul><li>- \[x] OpenWRT</ui></li> |
-||| <ul><li>- \[x] [Periodic re-authentication](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/enforce-periodic-user-authentication)</ui></li> || <ul><li>- \[x] [Serverless](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/netbird-on-faas)</ui></li> |
-||||| <ul><li>- \[x] Docker</ui></li> |
+| Connectivity | Management | Security | Automation | Platforms |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| ✓ [Kernel WireGuard](https://docs.netbird.io/about-netbird/why-wireguard-with-netbird) | ✓ [Admin Web UI](https://github.com/netbirdio/dashboard) | ✓ [SSO & MFA support](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/installation#running-net-bird-with-sso-login) | ✓ [Public API](https://docs.netbird.io/api) | ✓ [Linux](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/linux) |
+| ✓ [Peer-to-peer connections](https://docs.netbird.io/about-netbird/how-netbird-works) | ✓ Auto peer discovery and configuration | ✓ [Access control: groups & rules](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-network-access) | ✓ [Setup keys for bulk provisioning](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/register-machines-using-setup-keys) | ✓ [macOS](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/macos) |
+| ✓ Connection relay fallback | ✓ [IdP integrations](https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/identity-providers) | ✓ [Activity logging](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/audit-events-logging) | ✓ [Self-hosting quickstart script](https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-quickstart) | ✓ [Windows](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/windows) |
+| ✓ [Routes to external networks](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/routing-traffic-to-private-networks) | ✓ [Private DNS](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-dns-in-your-network) | ✓ [Traffic events](https://docs.netbird.io/manage/activity/traffic-events-logging) | ✓ [IdP groups sync with JWT](https://docs.netbird.io/manage/team/idp-sync) | ✓ [Android](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/android) |
+| ✓ [Domain-based DNS routes](https://docs.netbird.io/manage/dns/dns-aliases-for-routed-networks) | ✓ [Custom DNS zones](https://docs.netbird.io/manage/dns/custom-zones) | ✓ [Device posture checks](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-posture-checks) | ✓ [Terraform provider](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/netbirdio/netbird/latest) | ✓ [Android TV](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/android-tv) |
+| ✓ [Exit nodes](https://docs.netbird.io/manage/network-routes/use-cases/exit-nodes) | ✓ [Multiuser support](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/add-users-to-your-network) | ✓ Peer-to-peer encryption | ✓ [Ansible collection](https://github.com/netbirdio/ansible-netbird) | ✓ [iOS](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/ios) |
+| ✓ [IPv6 dual-stack overlay](https://docs.netbird.io/manage/settings/ipv6) | ✓ [Multi-account profile switching](https://docs.netbird.io/client/profiles) | ✓ [SSH with central access policies](https://docs.netbird.io/manage/peers/ssh) | | ✓ [Apple TV](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/tvos) |
+| ✓ [Browser SSH & RDP](https://docs.netbird.io/manage/peers/browser-client) | | ✓ [Quantum-resistance with Rosenpass](https://netbird.io/knowledge-hub/the-first-quantum-resistant-mesh-vpn) | | ✓ FreeBSD |
+| ✓ [Reverse proxy with auto-TLS](https://docs.netbird.io/manage/reverse-proxy) | | ✓ [Periodic re-authentication](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/enforce-periodic-user-authentication) | | ✓ [pfSense](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/pfsense) |
+| | | | | ✓ [OPNsense](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/opnsense) |
+| | | | | ✓ [MikroTik RouterOS](https://docs.netbird.io/use-cases/homelab/client-on-mikrotik-router) |
+| | | | | ✓ OpenWRT |
+| | | | | ✓ [Synology](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/synology) |
+| | | | | ✓ [TrueNAS](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/truenas) |
+| | | | | ✓ [Proxmox](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/proxmox-ve) |
+| | | | | ✓ [Raspberry Pi](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/raspberrypi) |
+| | | | | ✓ [Serverless](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/netbird-on-faas) |
+| | | | | ✓ [Container](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/docker) |
 
 ### Quickstart with NetBird Cloud
 
-- Download and install NetBird at [https://app.netbird.io/install](https://app.netbird.io/install)
-- Follow the steps to sign-up with Google, Microsoft, GitHub or your email address.
-- Check NetBird [admin UI](https://app.netbird.io/).
-- Add more machines.
+- Download and install NetBird at [https://app.netbird.io/install](https://app.netbird.io/install).
+- Follow the steps to sign up with Google, Microsoft, GitHub or your email address.
+- Check the NetBird [admin UI](https://app.netbird.io/).
 
 ### Quickstart with self-hosted NetBird
 
-> This is the quickest way to try self-hosted NetBird. It should take around 5 minutes to get started if you already have a public domain and a VM.
-Follow the [Advanced guide with a custom identity provider](https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-guide#advanced-guide-with-a-custom-identity-provider) for installations with different IDPs.
+This is the quickest way to try self-hosted NetBird. It should take around 5 minutes to get started if you already have a public domain and a VM. Follow the [Advanced guide with a custom identity provider](https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-guide#advanced-guide-with-a-custom-identity-provider) for installations with different IdPs.
 
 **Infrastructure requirements:**
-- A Linux VM with at least **1CPU** and **2GB** of memory.
-- The VM should be publicly accessible on TCP ports **80** and **443** and UDP port: **3478**.
-- **Public domain** name pointing to the VM.
+- A Linux VM with at least **1 CPU** and **2 GB** of memory.
+- The VM should be publicly accessible on TCP ports **80** and **443** and UDP port **3478**.
+- A **public domain** name pointing to the VM.
 
 **Software requirements:**
-- Docker installed on the VM with the docker-compose plugin ([Docker installation guide](https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/)) or docker with docker-compose in version 2 or higher.
-- [jq](https://jqlang.github.io/jq/) installed. In most distributions
-  Usually available in the official repositories and can be installed with `sudo apt install jq` or `sudo yum install jq`
-- [curl](https://curl.se/) installed.
-  Usually available in the official repositories and can be installed with `sudo apt install curl` or `sudo yum install curl`
+- Docker with the Compose plugin (Compose v2 or higher). See the [Docker installation guide](https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/).
 
 **Steps**
 - Download and run the installation script:
 ```bash
 export NETBIRD_DOMAIN=netbird.example.com; curl -fsSL https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/releases/latest/download/getting-started.sh | bash
 ```
-- Once finished, you can manage the resources via `docker-compose`
 
 ### A bit on NetBird internals
--  Every machine in the network runs [NetBird Agent (or Client)](client/) that manages WireGuard.
--  Every agent connects to [Management Service](management/) that holds network state, manages peer IPs, and distributes network updates to agents (peers).
--  NetBird agent uses WebRTC ICE implemented in [pion/ice library](https://github.com/pion/ice) to discover connection candidates when establishing a peer-to-peer connection between machines.
--  Connection candidates are discovered with the help of [STUN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STUN) servers.
--  Agents negotiate a connection through [Signal Service](signal/) passing p2p encrypted messages with candidates.
--  Sometimes the NAT traversal is unsuccessful due to strict NATs (e.g. mobile carrier-grade NAT) and a p2p connection isn't possible. When this occurs the system falls back to a relay server called [TURN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traversal_Using_Relays_around_NAT), and a secure WireGuard tunnel is established via the TURN server. 
- 
-[Coturn](https://github.com/coturn/coturn) is the one that has been successfully used for STUN and TURN in NetBird setups.
+- Every machine in the network runs the [NetBird agent](client/), which manages WireGuard.
+- Every agent connects to the [Management Service](management/), which holds network state, manages peer IPs, and distributes updates to agents.
+- Agents use ICE (via [pion/ice](https://github.com/pion/ice)) to discover connection candidates for peer-to-peer connections.
+- Candidates are discovered with the help of [STUN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STUN) servers.
+- Agents negotiate a connection through the [Signal Service](signal/), exchanging end-to-end encrypted messages with candidates.
+- When NAT traversal fails (e.g. mobile carrier-grade NAT) and a direct p2p connection isn't possible, the system falls back to a [Relay Service](relay/) and a secure WireGuard tunnel is established through it.
 
 <p float="left" align="middle">
-  <img src="https://docs.netbird.io/docs-static/img/about-netbird/high-level-dia.png" width="700"/>
+  <img src="https://docs.netbird.io/docs-static/img/about-netbird/high-level-dia.png" width="700" alt="NetBird high-level architecture diagram"/>
 </p>
 
 See a complete [architecture overview](https://docs.netbird.io/about-netbird/how-netbird-works#architecture) for details.
 
 ### Community projects
--  [NetBird installer script](https://github.com/physk/netbird-installer)
--  [NetBird ansible collection by Dominion Solutions](https://galaxy.ansible.com/ui/repo/published/dominion_solutions/netbird/)
--  [netbird-tui](https://github.com/n0pashkov/netbird-tui) — terminal UI for managing NetBird peers, routes, and settings
+- [NetBird installer script](https://github.com/physk/netbird-installer)
+- [netbird-tui](https://github.com/n0pashkov/netbird-tui) - terminal UI for managing NetBird peers, routes, and settings
+- [caddy-netbird](https://github.com/lixmal/caddy-netbird) - Caddy plugin that embeds a NetBird client for proxying HTTP and TCP/UDP traffic through NetBird networks
 
 **Note**: The `main` branch may be in an *unstable or even broken state* during development.
 For stable versions, see [releases](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/releases).
 
 ### Support acknowledgement
 
-In November 2022, NetBird joined the [StartUpSecure program](https://www.forschung-it-sicherheit-kommunikationssysteme.de/foerderung/bekanntmachungen/startup-secure) sponsored by The Federal Ministry of Education and Research of The Federal Republic of Germany. Together with [CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security](https://cispa.de/en) NetBird brings the security best practices and simplicity to private networking.
+In November 2022, NetBird joined the [StartUpSecure program](https://www.forschung-it-sicherheit-kommunikationssysteme.de/foerderung/bekanntmachungen/startup-secure) sponsored by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of the Federal Republic of Germany. Together with the [CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security](https://cispa.de/en), NetBird brings security best practices and simplicity to private networking.
 
 ![CISPA_Logo_BLACK_EN_RZ_RGB (1)](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/700848/203091324-c6d311a0-22b5-4b05-a288-91cbc6cdcc46.png)
 
-### Testimonials
-We use open-source technologies like [WireGuard®](https://www.wireguard.com/), [Pion ICE (WebRTC)](https://github.com/pion/ice), [Coturn](https://github.com/coturn/coturn), and [Rosenpass](https://rosenpass.eu). We very much appreciate the work these guys are doing and we'd greatly appreciate if you could support them in any way (e.g., by giving a star or a contribution).
+### Acknowledgements
+We build on open-source technologies like [WireGuard®](https://www.wireguard.com/), [Pion ICE](https://github.com/pion/ice), and [Rosenpass](https://rosenpass.eu). We greatly appreciate the work these projects are doing, and we'd love it if you could support them too (e.g., by starring or contributing).
 
 ### Legal
-This repository is licensed under BSD-3-Clause license that applies to all parts of the repository except for the directories management/, signal/ and relay/.
+This repository is licensed under the BSD-3-Clause license, which applies to all parts of the repository except for the directories management/, signal/ and relay/.
 Those directories are licensed under the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.0 (AGPLv3). See the respective LICENSE files inside each directory.
 
 _WireGuard_ and the _WireGuard_ logo are [registered trademarks](https://www.wireguard.com/trademark-policy/) of Jason A. Donenfeld.

client/firewall/nftables/external_chain_monitor_linux.go

@@ -52,9 +52,10 @@ func (m *externalChainMonitor) start() {
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	m.cancel = cancel
-	m.done = make(chan struct{})
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	m.done = done
 
-	go m.run(ctx)
+	go m.run(ctx, done)
 }
 
 func (m *externalChainMonitor) stop() {
@@ -72,8 +73,8 @@ func (m *externalChainMonitor) stop() {
 	<-done
 }
 
-func (m *externalChainMonitor) run(ctx context.Context) {
-	defer close(m.done)
+func (m *externalChainMonitor) run(ctx context.Context, done chan struct{}) {
+	defer close(done)
 
 	bo := &backoff.ExponentialBackOff{
 		InitialInterval:     externalMonitorInitInterval,

client/installer.nsis

@@ -260,23 +260,15 @@ WriteRegStr ${REG_ROOT} "${UNINSTALL_PATH}"  "Publisher" "${COMP_NAME}"
 
 WriteRegStr ${REG_ROOT} "${UI_REG_APP_PATH}" "" "$INSTDIR\${UI_APP_EXE}"
 
-; Drop Run, App Paths and Uninstall entries left in the 32-bit registry view
-; or HKCU by legacy installers.
-DetailPrint "Cleaning legacy 32-bit / HKCU entries..."
-DeleteRegValue HKCU "${AUTOSTART_REG_KEY}" "${APP_NAME}"
-SetRegView 32
-DeleteRegValue HKLM "${AUTOSTART_REG_KEY}" "${APP_NAME}"
-DeleteRegKey HKLM "${REG_APP_PATH}"
-DeleteRegKey HKLM "${UI_REG_APP_PATH}"
-DeleteRegKey HKLM "${UNINSTALL_PATH}"
-SetRegView 64
-
+; Create autostart registry entry based on checkbox
 DetailPrint "Autostart enabled: $AutostartEnabled"
 ${If} $AutostartEnabled == "1"
     WriteRegStr HKLM "${AUTOSTART_REG_KEY}" "${APP_NAME}" '"$INSTDIR\${UI_APP_EXE}.exe"'
     DetailPrint "Added autostart registry entry: $INSTDIR\${UI_APP_EXE}.exe"
 ${Else}
     DeleteRegValue HKLM "${AUTOSTART_REG_KEY}" "${APP_NAME}"
+    ; Legacy: pre-HKLM installs wrote to HKCU; clean that up too.
+    DeleteRegValue HKCU "${AUTOSTART_REG_KEY}" "${APP_NAME}"
     DetailPrint "Autostart not enabled by user"
 ${EndIf}
 
@@ -307,16 +299,11 @@ ExecWait '"$INSTDIR\${MAIN_APP_EXE}" service uninstall'
 DetailPrint "Terminating Netbird UI process..."
 ExecWait `taskkill /im ${UI_APP_EXE}.exe /f`
 
-; Remove autostart entries from every view a previous installer may have used.
+; Remove autostart registry entry
 DetailPrint "Removing autostart registry entry if exists..."
 DeleteRegValue HKLM "${AUTOSTART_REG_KEY}" "${APP_NAME}"
+; Legacy: pre-HKLM installs wrote to HKCU; clean that up too.
 DeleteRegValue HKCU "${AUTOSTART_REG_KEY}" "${APP_NAME}"
-SetRegView 32
-DeleteRegValue HKLM "${AUTOSTART_REG_KEY}" "${APP_NAME}"
-DeleteRegKey HKLM "${REG_APP_PATH}"
-DeleteRegKey HKLM "${UI_REG_APP_PATH}"
-DeleteRegKey HKLM "${UNINSTALL_PATH}"
-SetRegView 64
 
 ; Handle data deletion based on checkbox
 DetailPrint "Checking if user requested data deletion..."

client/internal/sleep/detector_darwin.go

@@ -188,7 +188,9 @@ func (d *Detector) triggerCallback(event EventType, cb func(event EventType), do
 	}
 
 	doneChan := make(chan struct{})
-	timeout := time.NewTimer(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	// macOS forces sleep ~30s after kIOMessageSystemWillSleep, so block long
+	// enough for teardown to finish while staying under that deadline.
+	timeout := time.NewTimer(20 * time.Second)
 	defer timeout.Stop()
 
 	go func() {

client/netbird.wxs

@@ -64,13 +64,6 @@
 					<RegistryValue Name="InstalledByMSI" Type="integer" Value="1" KeyPath="yes" />
 				</RegistryKey>
 			</Component>
-			<!-- Drop the HKCU Run\Netbird value written by legacy NSIS installers. -->
-			<Component Id="NetbirdLegacyHKCUCleanup" Guid="*">
-				<RegistryValue Root="HKCU" Key="Software\NetBird GmbH\Installer"
-					Name="LegacyHKCUCleanup" Type="integer" Value="1" KeyPath="yes" />
-				<RemoveRegistryValue Root="HKCU"
-					Key="Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run" Name="Netbird" />
-			</Component>
 		</StandardDirectory>
 
 		<StandardDirectory Id="CommonAppDataFolder">
@@ -83,28 +76,10 @@
 			</Directory>
 		</StandardDirectory>
 
-		<!-- Drop Run, App Paths and Uninstall entries written by legacy NSIS
-		     installers into the 32-bit registry view (HKLM\Software\Wow6432Node). -->
-		<Component Id="NetbirdLegacyWow6432Cleanup" Directory="NetbirdInstallDir"
-			Guid="bda5d628-16bd-4086-b2c1-5099d8d51763" Bitness="always32">
-			<RegistryValue Root="HKLM" Key="Software\NetBird GmbH\Installer"
-				Name="LegacyWow6432Cleanup" Type="integer" Value="1" KeyPath="yes" />
-			<RemoveRegistryValue Root="HKLM"
-				Key="Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run" Name="Netbird" />
-			<RemoveRegistryKey Action="removeOnInstall" Root="HKLM"
-				Key="Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\App Paths\Netbird" />
-			<RemoveRegistryKey Action="removeOnInstall" Root="HKLM"
-				Key="Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\App Paths\Netbird-ui" />
-			<RemoveRegistryKey Action="removeOnInstall" Root="HKLM"
-				Key="Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Netbird" />
-		</Component>
-
 		<ComponentGroup Id="NetbirdFilesComponent">
 			<ComponentRef Id="NetbirdFiles" />
 			<ComponentRef Id="NetbirdAumidRegistry" />
 			<ComponentRef Id="NetbirdAutoStart" />
-			<ComponentRef Id="NetbirdLegacyHKCUCleanup" />
-			<ComponentRef Id="NetbirdLegacyWow6432Cleanup" />
 		</ComponentGroup>
 
 		<util:CloseApplication Id="CloseNetBird" CloseMessage="no" Target="netbird.exe" RebootPrompt="no" />

management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/manager.go

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ type store interface {
 	UpdateProxyHeartbeat(ctx context.Context, p *proxy.Proxy) error
 	GetActiveProxyClusterAddresses(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error)
 	GetActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]string, error)
-	GetActiveProxyClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error)
+	GetProxyClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error)
 	GetClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	GetClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool

management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/manager_test.go

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func (m *mockStore) GetActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccount(ctx context.Context
 	}
 	return nil, nil
 }
-func (m *mockStore) GetActiveProxyClusters(_ context.Context, _ string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
+func (m *mockStore) GetProxyClusters(_ context.Context, _ string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 func (m *mockStore) CleanupStaleProxies(ctx context.Context, d time.Duration) error {

management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/proxy.go

@@ -42,10 +42,35 @@ func (Proxy) TableName() string {
 	return "proxies"
 }
 
+// ClusterType is the source of a proxy cluster.
+type ClusterType string
+
+const (
+	// ClusterTypeAccount is a cluster operated by the account itself (BYOP) —
+	// at least one proxy row in the cluster carries a non-NULL account_id.
+	ClusterTypeAccount ClusterType = "account"
+	// ClusterTypeShared is a cluster operated by NetBird and shared across
+	// accounts — all proxy rows in the cluster have account_id IS NULL.
+	ClusterTypeShared ClusterType = "shared"
+)
+
 // Cluster represents a group of proxy nodes serving the same address.
+//
+// Online and ConnectedProxies derive from the same 2-min active window
+// the rest of the module uses, but Cluster rows are not gated on it —
+// the cluster listing surfaces offline clusters too so operators can
+// see and clean them up. The 1-hour heartbeat reaper still bounds the
+// table eventually.
 type Cluster struct {
 	ID               string
 	Address          string
+	Type             ClusterType
+	Online           bool
 	ConnectedProxies int
-	SelfHosted       bool
+	// Capability flags. *bool because nil means "no proxy reported a
+	// capability for this cluster" — the dashboard renders these as
+	// unknown rather than false.
+	SupportsCustomPorts *bool
+	RequireSubdomain    *bool
+	SupportsCrowdSec    *bool
 }

management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/interface.go

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 type Manager interface {
-	GetActiveClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error)
+	GetClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error)
 	DeleteAccountCluster(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, clusterAddress string) error
 	GetAllServices(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*Service, error)
 	GetService(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, serviceID string) (*Service, error)

management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/interface_mock.go

@@ -65,20 +65,6 @@ func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateServiceFromPeer(ctx, accountID, peerID,
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateServiceFromPeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).CreateServiceFromPeer), ctx, accountID, peerID, req)
 }
 
-// DeleteAllServices mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) DeleteAllServices(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) error {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "DeleteAllServices", ctx, accountID, userID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
-	return ret0
-}
-
-// DeleteAllServices indicates an expected call of DeleteAllServices.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteAllServices(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteAllServices", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeleteAllServices), ctx, accountID, userID)
-}
-
 // DeleteAccountCluster mocks base method.
 func (m *MockManager) DeleteAccountCluster(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, clusterAddress string) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -93,6 +79,20 @@ func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteAccountCluster(ctx, accountID, userID,
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteAccountCluster", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeleteAccountCluster), ctx, accountID, userID, clusterAddress)
 }
 
+// DeleteAllServices mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) DeleteAllServices(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "DeleteAllServices", ctx, accountID, userID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// DeleteAllServices indicates an expected call of DeleteAllServices.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteAllServices(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteAllServices", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeleteAllServices), ctx, accountID, userID)
+}
+
 // DeleteService mocks base method.
 func (m *MockManager) DeleteService(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, serviceID string) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -122,21 +122,6 @@ func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAccountServices(ctx, accountID interface{}
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountServices", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetAccountServices), ctx, accountID)
 }
 
-// GetActiveClusters mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) GetActiveClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetActiveClusters", ctx, accountID, userID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]proxy.Cluster)
-	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
-	return ret0, ret1
-}
-
-// GetActiveClusters indicates an expected call of GetActiveClusters.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetActiveClusters(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetActiveClusters", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetActiveClusters), ctx, accountID, userID)
-}
-
 // GetAllServices mocks base method.
 func (m *MockManager) GetAllServices(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*Service, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -152,19 +137,19 @@ func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAllServices(ctx, accountID, userID interfa
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAllServices", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetAllServices), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
 
-// GetServiceByDomain mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) GetServiceByDomain(ctx context.Context, domain string) (*Service, error) {
+// GetClusters mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) GetClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetServiceByDomain", ctx, domain)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*Service)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetClusters", ctx, accountID, userID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]proxy.Cluster)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
-// GetServiceByDomain indicates an expected call of GetServiceByDomain.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetServiceByDomain(ctx, domain interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+// GetClusters indicates an expected call of GetClusters.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetClusters(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetServiceByDomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetServiceByDomain), ctx, domain)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetClusters", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetClusters), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
 
 // GetGlobalServices mocks base method.
@@ -197,6 +182,21 @@ func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetService(ctx, accountID, userID, serviceID
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetService", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetService), ctx, accountID, userID, serviceID)
 }
 
+// GetServiceByDomain mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) GetServiceByDomain(ctx context.Context, domain string) (*Service, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetServiceByDomain", ctx, domain)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*Service)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetServiceByDomain indicates an expected call of GetServiceByDomain.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetServiceByDomain(ctx, domain interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetServiceByDomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetServiceByDomain), ctx, domain)
+}
+
 // GetServiceByID mocks base method.
 func (m *MockManager) GetServiceByID(ctx context.Context, accountID, serviceID string) (*Service, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()

management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/api.go

@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ func (h *handler) getClusters(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	clusters, err := h.manager.GetActiveClusters(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId)
+	clusters, err := h.manager.GetClusters(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId)
 	if err != nil {
 		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
 		return
@@ -196,10 +196,14 @@ func (h *handler) getClusters(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	apiClusters := make([]api.ProxyCluster, 0, len(clusters))
 	for _, c := range clusters {
 		apiClusters = append(apiClusters, api.ProxyCluster{
-			Id:               c.ID,
-			Address:          c.Address,
-			ConnectedProxies: c.ConnectedProxies,
-			SelfHosted:       c.SelfHosted,
+			Id:                  c.ID,
+			Address:             c.Address,
+			Type:                api.ProxyClusterType(c.Type),
+			Online:              c.Online,
+			ConnectedProxies:    c.ConnectedProxies,
+			SupportsCustomPorts: c.SupportsCustomPorts,
+			RequireSubdomain:    c.RequireSubdomain,
+			SupportsCrowdsec:    c.SupportsCrowdSec,
 		})
 	}
 

management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/manager.go

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ type ClusterDeriver interface {
 type CapabilityProvider interface {
 	ClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	ClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
+	ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 }
 
 type Manager struct {
@@ -112,8 +113,12 @@ func (m *Manager) StartExposeReaper(ctx context.Context) {
 	m.exposeReaper.StartExposeReaper(ctx)
 }
 
-// GetActiveClusters returns all active proxy clusters with their connected proxy count.
-func (m *Manager) GetActiveClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
+// GetClusters returns every proxy cluster visible to the account
+// (shared + its own BYOP), regardless of whether any proxy in the
+// cluster is currently heartbeating. Each cluster is enriched with the
+// capability flags reported by its active proxies so the dashboard can
+// render feature support without a second round-trip.
+func (m *Manager) GetClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
 	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
@@ -122,7 +127,18 @@ func (m *Manager) GetActiveClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID strin
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionDeniedError()
 	}
 
-	return m.store.GetActiveProxyClusters(ctx, accountID)
+	clusters, err := m.store.GetProxyClusters(ctx, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	for i := range clusters {
+		clusters[i].SupportsCustomPorts = m.capabilities.ClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx, clusters[i].Address)
+		clusters[i].RequireSubdomain = m.capabilities.ClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx, clusters[i].Address)
+		clusters[i].SupportsCrowdSec = m.capabilities.ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx, clusters[i].Address)
+	}
+
+	return clusters, nil
 }
 
 // DeleteAccountCluster removes all proxy registrations for the given cluster address

management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
@@ -136,9 +137,12 @@ type proxyConnection struct {
 	tokenID      string
 	capabilities *proto.ProxyCapabilities
 	stream       proto.ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateServer
-	sendChan     chan *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse
-	ctx          context.Context
-	cancel       context.CancelFunc
+	// syncStream is set when the proxy connected via SyncMappings.
+	// When non-nil, the sender goroutine uses this instead of stream.
+	syncStream proto.ProxyService_SyncMappingsServer
+	sendChan   chan *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse
+	ctx        context.Context
+	cancel     context.CancelFunc
 }
 
 func enforceAccountScope(ctx context.Context, requestAccountID string) error {
@@ -206,145 +210,322 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) SetProxyController(proxyController proxy.Controller
 	s.proxyController = proxyController
 }
 
+// proxyConnectParams holds the validated parameters extracted from either
+// a GetMappingUpdateRequest or a SyncMappingsInit message.
+type proxyConnectParams struct {
+	proxyID      string
+	address      string
+	capabilities *proto.ProxyCapabilities
+}
+
 // GetMappingUpdate handles the control stream with proxy clients
 func (s *ProxyServiceServer) GetMappingUpdate(req *proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest, stream proto.ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateServer) error {
-	ctx := stream.Context()
+	params, err := s.validateProxyConnect(req.GetProxyId(), req.GetAddress(), stream.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	params.capabilities = req.GetCapabilities()
 
-	peerInfo := PeerIPFromContext(ctx)
-	log.Infof("New proxy connection from %s", peerInfo)
+	conn, proxyRecord, err := s.registerProxyConnection(stream.Context(), params, &proxyConnection{
+		stream: stream,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
-	proxyID := req.GetProxyId()
+	if err := s.sendSnapshot(stream.Context(), conn); err != nil {
+		s.cleanupFailedSnapshot(stream.Context(), conn)
+		return fmt.Errorf("send snapshot to proxy %s: %w", params.proxyID, err)
+	}
+
+	errChan := make(chan error, 2)
+	go s.sender(conn, errChan)
+
+	return s.serveProxyConnection(conn, proxyRecord, errChan, false)
+}
+
+// SyncMappings implements the bidirectional SyncMappings RPC.
+// It mirrors GetMappingUpdate but provides application-level back-pressure:
+// management waits for an ack from the proxy before sending the next batch.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) SyncMappings(stream proto.ProxyService_SyncMappingsServer) error {
+	init, err := recvSyncInit(stream)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	params, err := s.validateProxyConnect(init.GetProxyId(), init.GetAddress(), stream.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	params.capabilities = init.GetCapabilities()
+
+	conn, proxyRecord, err := s.registerProxyConnection(stream.Context(), params, &proxyConnection{
+		syncStream: stream,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := s.sendSnapshotSync(stream.Context(), conn, stream); err != nil {
+		s.cleanupFailedSnapshot(stream.Context(), conn)
+		return fmt.Errorf("send snapshot to proxy %s: %w", params.proxyID, err)
+	}
+
+	errChan := make(chan error, 2)
+	go s.sender(conn, errChan)
+	go s.drainRecv(stream, errChan)
+
+	return s.serveProxyConnection(conn, proxyRecord, errChan, true)
+}
+
+// recvSyncInit receives and validates the first message on a SyncMappings stream.
+func recvSyncInit(stream proto.ProxyService_SyncMappingsServer) (*proto.SyncMappingsInit, error) {
+	firstMsg, err := stream.Recv()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "receive init: %v", err)
+	}
+	init := firstMsg.GetInit()
+	if init == nil {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "first message must be init")
+	}
+	return init, nil
+}
+
+// validateProxyConnect validates the proxy ID and address, and checks cluster
+// address availability for account-scoped tokens.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) validateProxyConnect(proxyID, address string, ctx context.Context) (proxyConnectParams, error) {
 	if proxyID == "" {
-		return status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "proxy_id is required")
+		return proxyConnectParams{}, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "proxy_id is required")
+	}
+	if !isProxyAddressValid(address) {
+		return proxyConnectParams{}, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "proxy address is invalid")
 	}
 
-	proxyAddress := req.GetAddress()
-	if !isProxyAddressValid(proxyAddress) {
-		return status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "proxy address is invalid")
-	}
-
-	var accountID *string
 	token := GetProxyTokenFromContext(ctx)
 	if token != nil && token.AccountID != nil {
-		accountID = token.AccountID
-
-		available, err := s.proxyManager.IsClusterAddressAvailable(ctx, proxyAddress, *accountID)
+		available, err := s.proxyManager.IsClusterAddressAvailable(ctx, address, *token.AccountID)
 		if err != nil {
-			return status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "check cluster address: %v", err)
+			return proxyConnectParams{}, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "check cluster address: %v", err)
 		}
 		if !available {
-			return status.Errorf(codes.AlreadyExists, "cluster address %s is already in use", proxyAddress)
+			return proxyConnectParams{}, status.Errorf(codes.AlreadyExists, "cluster address %s is already in use", address)
 		}
 	}
 
+	return proxyConnectParams{proxyID: proxyID, address: address}, nil
+}
+
+// registerProxyConnection creates a proxyConnection, registers it with the
+// proxy manager and cluster, and stores it in connectedProxies. The caller
+// provides a partially initialised connSeed with stream-specific fields set;
+// the remaining fields are filled in here.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) registerProxyConnection(ctx context.Context, params proxyConnectParams, connSeed *proxyConnection) (*proxyConnection, *proxy.Proxy, error) {
+	peerInfo := PeerIPFromContext(ctx)
+
+	var accountID *string
 	var tokenID string
-	if token != nil {
+	if token := GetProxyTokenFromContext(ctx); token != nil {
+		if token.AccountID != nil {
+			accountID = token.AccountID
+		}
 		tokenID = token.ID
 	}
 
 	sessionID := uuid.NewString()
-
-	if old, loaded := s.connectedProxies.Load(proxyID); loaded {
-		oldConn := old.(*proxyConnection)
-		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
-			"proxy_id":       proxyID,
-			"old_session_id": oldConn.sessionID,
-			"new_session_id": sessionID,
-		}).Info("Superseding existing proxy connection")
-		oldConn.cancel()
-	}
+	s.supersedePriorConnection(params.proxyID, sessionID)
 
 	connCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	conn := &proxyConnection{
-		proxyID:      proxyID,
-		sessionID:    sessionID,
-		address:      proxyAddress,
-		accountID:    accountID,
-		tokenID:      tokenID,
-		capabilities: req.GetCapabilities(),
-		stream:       stream,
-		sendChan:     make(chan *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse, 100),
-		ctx:          connCtx,
-		cancel:       cancel,
-	}
+	connSeed.proxyID = params.proxyID
+	connSeed.sessionID = sessionID
+	connSeed.address = params.address
+	connSeed.accountID = accountID
+	connSeed.tokenID = tokenID
+	connSeed.capabilities = params.capabilities
+	connSeed.sendChan = make(chan *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse, 100)
+	connSeed.ctx = connCtx
+	connSeed.cancel = cancel
 
 	var caps *proxy.Capabilities
-	if c := req.GetCapabilities(); c != nil {
+	if c := params.capabilities; c != nil {
 		caps = &proxy.Capabilities{
 			SupportsCustomPorts: c.SupportsCustomPorts,
 			RequireSubdomain:    c.RequireSubdomain,
 			SupportsCrowdsec:    c.SupportsCrowdsec,
 		}
 	}
-	proxyRecord, err := s.proxyManager.Connect(ctx, proxyID, sessionID, proxyAddress, peerInfo, accountID, caps)
+
+	proxyRecord, err := s.proxyManager.Connect(ctx, params.proxyID, sessionID, params.address, peerInfo, accountID, caps)
 	if err != nil {
 		cancel()
 		if accountID != nil {
-			return status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "failed to register BYOP proxy: %v", err)
+			return nil, nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "failed to register BYOP proxy: %v", err)
 		}
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed to register proxy %s in database: %v", proxyID, err)
-		return status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "register proxy in database: %v", err)
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed to register proxy %s in database: %v", params.proxyID, err)
+		return nil, nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "register proxy in database: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	s.connectedProxies.Store(proxyID, conn)
-	if err := s.proxyController.RegisterProxyToCluster(ctx, conn.address, proxyID); err != nil {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("Failed to register proxy %s in cluster: %v", proxyID, err)
+	s.connectedProxies.Store(params.proxyID, connSeed)
+	if err := s.proxyController.RegisterProxyToCluster(ctx, params.address, params.proxyID); err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("Failed to register proxy %s in cluster: %v", params.proxyID, err)
 	}
 
-	if err := s.sendSnapshot(ctx, conn); err != nil {
-		if s.connectedProxies.CompareAndDelete(proxyID, conn) {
-			if unregErr := s.proxyController.UnregisterProxyFromCluster(context.Background(), conn.address, proxyID); unregErr != nil {
-				log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("cleanup after snapshot failure for proxy %s: %v", proxyID, unregErr)
-			}
-		}
-		cancel()
-		if disconnErr := s.proxyManager.Disconnect(context.Background(), proxyID, sessionID); disconnErr != nil {
-			log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("cleanup after snapshot failure for proxy %s: %v", proxyID, disconnErr)
-		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("send snapshot to proxy %s: %w", proxyID, err)
+	return connSeed, proxyRecord, nil
+}
+
+// supersedePriorConnection cancels any existing connection for the given proxy.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) supersedePriorConnection(proxyID, newSessionID string) {
+	if old, loaded := s.connectedProxies.Load(proxyID); loaded {
+		oldConn := old.(*proxyConnection)
+		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
+			"proxy_id":       proxyID,
+			"old_session_id": oldConn.sessionID,
+			"new_session_id": newSessionID,
+		}).Info("Superseding existing proxy connection")
+		oldConn.cancel()
 	}
+}
 
-	errChan := make(chan error, 2)
-	go s.sender(conn, errChan)
+// cleanupFailedSnapshot removes the connection from the cluster and store
+// after a snapshot send failure.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) cleanupFailedSnapshot(ctx context.Context, conn *proxyConnection) {
+	if s.connectedProxies.CompareAndDelete(conn.proxyID, conn) {
+		if err := s.proxyController.UnregisterProxyFromCluster(context.Background(), conn.address, conn.proxyID); err != nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("cleanup after snapshot failure for proxy %s: %v", conn.proxyID, err)
+		}
+	}
+	conn.cancel()
+	if err := s.proxyManager.Disconnect(context.Background(), conn.proxyID, conn.sessionID); err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("cleanup after snapshot failure for proxy %s: %v", conn.proxyID, err)
+	}
+}
 
-	log.WithFields(log.Fields{
-		"proxy_id":      proxyID,
-		"session_id":    sessionID,
-		"address":       proxyAddress,
-		"cluster_addr":  proxyAddress,
-		"account_id":    accountID,
-		"total_proxies": len(s.GetConnectedProxies()),
-	}).Info("Proxy registered in cluster")
-	defer func() {
-		if !s.connectedProxies.CompareAndDelete(proxyID, conn) {
-			log.Infof("Proxy %s session %s: skipping cleanup, superseded by new connection", proxyID, sessionID)
-			cancel()
+// drainRecv consumes and discards messages from a bidirectional stream.
+// The proxy sends an ack for every incremental update; we don't need them
+// after the snapshot phase. Recv errors are forwarded to errChan.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) drainRecv(stream proto.ProxyService_SyncMappingsServer, errChan chan<- error) {
+	for {
+		if _, err := stream.Recv(); err != nil {
+			errChan <- err
 			return
 		}
+	}
+}
 
-		if err := s.proxyController.UnregisterProxyFromCluster(context.Background(), conn.address, proxyID); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("Failed to unregister proxy %s from cluster: %v", proxyID, err)
-		}
-		if err := s.proxyManager.Disconnect(context.Background(), proxyID, sessionID); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("Failed to mark proxy %s as disconnected: %v", proxyID, err)
-		}
+// serveProxyConnection runs the post-snapshot lifecycle: heartbeat, sender,
+// and wait for termination. When bidi is true, normal stream closure (EOF,
+// canceled) is treated as a clean disconnect rather than an error.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) serveProxyConnection(conn *proxyConnection, proxyRecord *proxy.Proxy, errChan <-chan error, bidi bool) error {
+	log.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"proxy_id":      conn.proxyID,
+		"session_id":    conn.sessionID,
+		"address":       conn.address,
+		"cluster_addr":  conn.address,
+		"account_id":    conn.accountID,
+		"total_proxies": len(s.GetConnectedProxies()),
+	}).Info("Proxy registered in cluster")
 
-		cancel()
-		log.Infof("Proxy %s session %s disconnected", proxyID, sessionID)
-	}()
-
-	go s.heartbeat(connCtx, conn, proxyRecord)
+	defer s.disconnectProxy(conn)
+	go s.heartbeat(conn.ctx, conn, proxyRecord)
 
 	select {
 	case err := <-errChan:
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("Failed to send update: %v", err)
-		return fmt.Errorf("send update to proxy %s: %w", proxyID, err)
-	case <-connCtx.Done():
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Infof("Proxy %s context canceled", proxyID)
-		return connCtx.Err()
+		if bidi && isStreamClosed(err) {
+			log.Infof("Proxy %s stream closed", conn.proxyID)
+			return nil
+		}
+		log.Warnf("Failed to send update: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("send update to proxy %s: %w", conn.proxyID, err)
+	case <-conn.ctx.Done():
+		log.Infof("Proxy %s context canceled", conn.proxyID)
+		return conn.ctx.Err()
 	}
 }
 
+// disconnectProxy removes the connection from cluster and store, unless it
+// has already been superseded by a newer connection.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) disconnectProxy(conn *proxyConnection) {
+	if !s.connectedProxies.CompareAndDelete(conn.proxyID, conn) {
+		log.Infof("Proxy %s session %s: skipping cleanup, superseded by new connection", conn.proxyID, conn.sessionID)
+		conn.cancel()
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := s.proxyController.UnregisterProxyFromCluster(context.Background(), conn.address, conn.proxyID); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("Failed to unregister proxy %s from cluster: %v", conn.proxyID, err)
+	}
+	if err := s.proxyManager.Disconnect(context.Background(), conn.proxyID, conn.sessionID); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("Failed to mark proxy %s as disconnected: %v", conn.proxyID, err)
+	}
+
+	conn.cancel()
+	log.Infof("Proxy %s session %s disconnected", conn.proxyID, conn.sessionID)
+}
+
+// sendSnapshotSync sends the initial snapshot with back-pressure: it sends
+// one batch, then waits for the proxy to ack before sending the next.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) sendSnapshotSync(ctx context.Context, conn *proxyConnection, stream proto.ProxyService_SyncMappingsServer) error {
+	if !isProxyAddressValid(conn.address) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("proxy address is invalid")
+	}
+	if s.snapshotBatchSize <= 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid snapshot batch size: %d", s.snapshotBatchSize)
+	}
+
+	mappings, err := s.snapshotServiceMappings(ctx, conn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(mappings); i += s.snapshotBatchSize {
+		end := i + s.snapshotBatchSize
+		if end > len(mappings) {
+			end = len(mappings)
+		}
+		for _, m := range mappings[i:end] {
+			token, err := s.tokenStore.GenerateToken(m.AccountId, m.Id, s.proxyTokenTTL())
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("generate auth token for service %s: %w", m.Id, err)
+			}
+			m.AuthToken = token
+		}
+		if err := stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsResponse{
+			Mapping:             mappings[i:end],
+			InitialSyncComplete: end == len(mappings),
+		}); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("send snapshot batch: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		if err := waitForAck(stream); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(mappings) == 0 {
+		if err := stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsResponse{
+			InitialSyncComplete: true,
+		}); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("send snapshot completion: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		if err := waitForAck(stream); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func waitForAck(stream proto.ProxyService_SyncMappingsServer) error {
+	msg, err := stream.Recv()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("receive ack: %w", err)
+	}
+	if msg.GetAck() == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected ack, got %T", msg.GetMsg())
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // heartbeat updates the proxy's last_seen timestamp every minute and
 // disconnects the proxy if its access token has been revoked.
 func (s *ProxyServiceServer) heartbeat(ctx context.Context, conn *proxyConnection, p *proxy.Proxy) {
@@ -381,6 +562,9 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) sendSnapshot(ctx context.Context, conn *proxyConnec
 	if !isProxyAddressValid(conn.address) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("proxy address is invalid")
 	}
+	if s.snapshotBatchSize <= 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid snapshot batch size: %d", s.snapshotBatchSize)
+	}
 
 	mappings, err := s.snapshotServiceMappings(ctx, conn)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -460,12 +644,26 @@ func isProxyAddressValid(addr string) bool {
 	return err == nil
 }
 
-// sender handles sending messages to proxy
+// isStreamClosed returns true for errors that indicate normal stream
+// termination: io.EOF, context cancellation, or gRPC Canceled.
+func isStreamClosed(err error) bool {
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) || errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+		return true
+	}
+	return status.Code(err) == codes.Canceled
+}
+
+// sender handles sending messages to proxy.
+// When conn.syncStream is set the message is sent as SyncMappingsResponse;
+// otherwise the legacy GetMappingUpdateResponse stream is used.
 func (s *ProxyServiceServer) sender(conn *proxyConnection, errChan chan<- error) {
 	for {
 		select {
 		case resp := <-conn.sendChan:
-			if err := conn.stream.Send(resp); err != nil {
+			if err := conn.sendResponse(resp); err != nil {
 				errChan <- err
 				return
 			}
@@ -475,6 +673,17 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) sender(conn *proxyConnection, errChan chan<- error)
 	}
 }
 
+// sendResponse sends a mapping update on whichever stream the proxy connected with.
+func (conn *proxyConnection) sendResponse(resp *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse) error {
+	if conn.syncStream != nil {
+		return conn.syncStream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsResponse{
+			Mapping:             resp.Mapping,
+			InitialSyncComplete: resp.InitialSyncComplete,
+		})
+	}
+	return conn.stream.Send(resp)
+}
+
 // SendAccessLog processes access log from proxy
 func (s *ProxyServiceServer) SendAccessLog(ctx context.Context, req *proto.SendAccessLogRequest) (*proto.SendAccessLogResponse, error) {
 	accessLog := req.GetLog()
@@ -541,8 +750,8 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) SendServiceUpdate(update *proto.GetMappingUpdateRes
 				return true
 			}
 			connUpdate = &proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
-				Mapping:              filtered,
-				InitialSyncComplete:  update.InitialSyncComplete,
+				Mapping:             filtered,
+				InitialSyncComplete: update.InitialSyncComplete,
 			}
 		}
 		resp := s.perProxyMessage(connUpdate, conn.proxyID)

management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_group_access_test.go

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ func (m *mockReverseProxyManager) GetServiceByDomain(_ context.Context, domain s
 	return nil, errors.New("service not found for domain: " + domain)
 }
 
-func (m *mockReverseProxyManager) GetActiveClusters(_ context.Context, _, _ string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
+func (m *mockReverseProxyManager) GetClusters(_ context.Context, _, _ string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 

management/internals/shared/grpc/sync_mappings_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,411 @@
+package grpc
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
+
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// syncRecordingStream is a mock ProxyService_SyncMappingsServer that records
+// sent messages and returns pre-loaded ack responses from Recv.
+type syncRecordingStream struct {
+	grpc.ServerStream
+
+	mu       sync.Mutex
+	sent     []*proto.SyncMappingsResponse
+	recvMsgs []*proto.SyncMappingsRequest
+	recvIdx  int
+}
+
+func (s *syncRecordingStream) Send(m *proto.SyncMappingsResponse) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.sent = append(s.sent, m)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *syncRecordingStream) Recv() (*proto.SyncMappingsRequest, error) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	if s.recvIdx >= len(s.recvMsgs) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no more recv messages")
+	}
+	msg := s.recvMsgs[s.recvIdx]
+	s.recvIdx++
+	return msg, nil
+}
+
+func (s *syncRecordingStream) Context() context.Context     { return context.Background() }
+func (s *syncRecordingStream) SetHeader(metadata.MD) error  { return nil }
+func (s *syncRecordingStream) SendHeader(metadata.MD) error { return nil }
+func (s *syncRecordingStream) SetTrailer(metadata.MD)       {}
+func (s *syncRecordingStream) SendMsg(any) error            { return nil }
+func (s *syncRecordingStream) RecvMsg(any) error            { return nil }
+
+func ackMsg() *proto.SyncMappingsRequest {
+	return &proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+		Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Ack{Ack: &proto.SyncMappingsAck{}},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSendSnapshotSync_BatchesWithAcks(t *testing.T) {
+	const cluster = "cluster.example.com"
+	const batchSize = 3
+	const totalServices = 7 // 3 + 3 + 1 → 3 batches, 3 acks (one per batch, including final)
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr := rpservice.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	mgr.EXPECT().GetGlobalServices(gomock.Any()).Return(makeServices(totalServices, cluster), nil)
+
+	s := newSnapshotTestServer(t, batchSize)
+	s.serviceManager = mgr
+
+	stream := &syncRecordingStream{
+		recvMsgs: []*proto.SyncMappingsRequest{ackMsg(), ackMsg(), ackMsg()},
+	}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{
+		proxyID:    "proxy-a",
+		address:    cluster,
+		syncStream: stream,
+	}
+
+	err := s.sendSnapshotSync(context.Background(), conn, stream)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Len(t, stream.sent, 3, "should send ceil(7/3) = 3 batches")
+
+	assert.Len(t, stream.sent[0].Mapping, 3)
+	assert.False(t, stream.sent[0].InitialSyncComplete)
+
+	assert.Len(t, stream.sent[1].Mapping, 3)
+	assert.False(t, stream.sent[1].InitialSyncComplete)
+
+	assert.Len(t, stream.sent[2].Mapping, 1)
+	assert.True(t, stream.sent[2].InitialSyncComplete)
+
+	// All 3 acks consumed — including the final batch.
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, stream.recvIdx)
+}
+
+func TestSendSnapshotSync_SingleBatchWaitsForAck(t *testing.T) {
+	const cluster = "cluster.example.com"
+	const batchSize = 100
+	const totalServices = 5
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr := rpservice.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	mgr.EXPECT().GetGlobalServices(gomock.Any()).Return(makeServices(totalServices, cluster), nil)
+
+	s := newSnapshotTestServer(t, batchSize)
+	s.serviceManager = mgr
+
+	stream := &syncRecordingStream{
+		recvMsgs: []*proto.SyncMappingsRequest{ackMsg()},
+	}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{
+		proxyID:    "proxy-a",
+		address:    cluster,
+		syncStream: stream,
+	}
+
+	err := s.sendSnapshotSync(context.Background(), conn, stream)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Len(t, stream.sent, 1)
+	assert.Len(t, stream.sent[0].Mapping, totalServices)
+	assert.True(t, stream.sent[0].InitialSyncComplete)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, stream.recvIdx, "final batch ack must be consumed")
+}
+
+func TestSendSnapshotSync_EmptySnapshot(t *testing.T) {
+	const cluster = "cluster.example.com"
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr := rpservice.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	mgr.EXPECT().GetGlobalServices(gomock.Any()).Return(nil, nil)
+
+	s := newSnapshotTestServer(t, 500)
+	s.serviceManager = mgr
+
+	stream := &syncRecordingStream{
+		recvMsgs: []*proto.SyncMappingsRequest{ackMsg()},
+	}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{
+		proxyID:    "proxy-a",
+		address:    cluster,
+		syncStream: stream,
+	}
+
+	err := s.sendSnapshotSync(context.Background(), conn, stream)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Len(t, stream.sent, 1, "empty snapshot must still send sync-complete")
+	assert.Empty(t, stream.sent[0].Mapping)
+	assert.True(t, stream.sent[0].InitialSyncComplete)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, stream.recvIdx, "empty snapshot ack must be consumed")
+}
+
+func TestSendSnapshotSync_MissingAckReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
+	const cluster = "cluster.example.com"
+	const batchSize = 2
+	const totalServices = 4 // 2 batches → 1 ack needed, but we provide none
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr := rpservice.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	mgr.EXPECT().GetGlobalServices(gomock.Any()).Return(makeServices(totalServices, cluster), nil)
+
+	s := newSnapshotTestServer(t, batchSize)
+	s.serviceManager = mgr
+
+	// No acks available — Recv will return error.
+	stream := &syncRecordingStream{}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{
+		proxyID:    "proxy-a",
+		address:    cluster,
+		syncStream: stream,
+	}
+
+	err := s.sendSnapshotSync(context.Background(), conn, stream)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "receive ack")
+	// First batch should have been sent before the error.
+	require.Len(t, stream.sent, 1)
+}
+
+func TestSendSnapshotSync_WrongMessageInsteadOfAck(t *testing.T) {
+	const cluster = "cluster.example.com"
+	const batchSize = 2
+	const totalServices = 4
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr := rpservice.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	mgr.EXPECT().GetGlobalServices(gomock.Any()).Return(makeServices(totalServices, cluster), nil)
+
+	s := newSnapshotTestServer(t, batchSize)
+	s.serviceManager = mgr
+
+	// Send an init message instead of an ack.
+	stream := &syncRecordingStream{
+		recvMsgs: []*proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+			{Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Init{Init: &proto.SyncMappingsInit{ProxyId: "bad"}}},
+		},
+	}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{
+		proxyID:    "proxy-a",
+		address:    cluster,
+		syncStream: stream,
+	}
+
+	err := s.sendSnapshotSync(context.Background(), conn, stream)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "expected ack")
+}
+
+func TestSendSnapshotSync_BackPressureOrdering(t *testing.T) {
+	// Verify batches are sent strictly sequentially — batch N+1 is not sent
+	// until the ack for batch N is received, including the final batch.
+	const cluster = "cluster.example.com"
+	const batchSize = 2
+	const totalServices = 6 // 3 batches, 3 acks
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr := rpservice.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	mgr.EXPECT().GetGlobalServices(gomock.Any()).Return(makeServices(totalServices, cluster), nil)
+
+	s := newSnapshotTestServer(t, batchSize)
+	s.serviceManager = mgr
+
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	var events []string
+
+	// Build a stream that logs send/recv events so we can verify ordering.
+	ackCh := make(chan struct{}, 3)
+	stream := &orderTrackingStream{
+		mu:     &mu,
+		events: &events,
+		ackCh:  ackCh,
+	}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{
+		proxyID:    "proxy-a",
+		address:    cluster,
+		syncStream: stream,
+	}
+
+	// Feed acks asynchronously after a short delay to simulate real proxy.
+	go func() {
+		for range 3 {
+			time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+			ackCh <- struct{}{}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	err := s.sendSnapshotSync(context.Background(), conn, stream)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	mu.Lock()
+	defer mu.Unlock()
+
+	// Expected: send, recv-ack, send, recv-ack, send, recv-ack.
+	require.Len(t, events, 6)
+	assert.Equal(t, "send", events[0])
+	assert.Equal(t, "recv", events[1])
+	assert.Equal(t, "send", events[2])
+	assert.Equal(t, "recv", events[3])
+	assert.Equal(t, "send", events[4])
+	assert.Equal(t, "recv", events[5])
+}
+
+// orderTrackingStream logs "send" and "recv" events and blocks Recv until
+// an ack is signaled via ackCh.
+type orderTrackingStream struct {
+	grpc.ServerStream
+	mu     *sync.Mutex
+	events *[]string
+	ackCh  chan struct{}
+}
+
+func (s *orderTrackingStream) Send(_ *proto.SyncMappingsResponse) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	*s.events = append(*s.events, "send")
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *orderTrackingStream) Recv() (*proto.SyncMappingsRequest, error) {
+	<-s.ackCh
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	*s.events = append(*s.events, "recv")
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	return ackMsg(), nil
+}
+
+func (s *orderTrackingStream) Context() context.Context     { return context.Background() }
+func (s *orderTrackingStream) SetHeader(metadata.MD) error  { return nil }
+func (s *orderTrackingStream) SendHeader(metadata.MD) error { return nil }
+func (s *orderTrackingStream) SetTrailer(metadata.MD)       {}
+func (s *orderTrackingStream) SendMsg(any) error            { return nil }
+func (s *orderTrackingStream) RecvMsg(any) error            { return nil }
+
+func TestSendSnapshotSync_TokensGeneratedPerBatch(t *testing.T) {
+	const cluster = "cluster.example.com"
+	const batchSize = 2
+	const totalServices = 4
+	const ttl = 100 * time.Millisecond
+	const ackDelay = 200 * time.Millisecond
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr := rpservice.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	mgr.EXPECT().GetGlobalServices(gomock.Any()).Return(makeServices(totalServices, cluster), nil)
+
+	s := newSnapshotTestServer(t, batchSize)
+	s.serviceManager = mgr
+	s.tokenTTL = ttl
+
+	// Build a stream that validates tokens immediately on Send, then
+	// delays the ack to ensure the next batch's tokens are generated fresh.
+	var validateErrs []error
+	ackCh := make(chan struct{}, 2)
+	stream := &tokenValidatingSyncStream{
+		tokenStore:   s.tokenStore,
+		validateErrs: &validateErrs,
+		ackCh:        ackCh,
+	}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{
+		proxyID:    "proxy-a",
+		address:    cluster,
+		syncStream: stream,
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		// Delay first ack so that if tokens were all generated upfront they'd expire.
+		time.Sleep(ackDelay)
+		ackCh <- struct{}{}
+		// Final batch ack — immediate.
+		ackCh <- struct{}{}
+	}()
+
+	err := s.sendSnapshotSync(context.Background(), conn, stream)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Empty(t, validateErrs,
+		"tokens must remain valid: per-batch generation guarantees freshness")
+}
+
+type tokenValidatingSyncStream struct {
+	grpc.ServerStream
+	tokenStore   *OneTimeTokenStore
+	validateErrs *[]error
+	ackCh        chan struct{}
+}
+
+func (s *tokenValidatingSyncStream) Send(m *proto.SyncMappingsResponse) error {
+	for _, mapping := range m.Mapping {
+		if err := s.tokenStore.ValidateAndConsume(mapping.AuthToken, mapping.AccountId, mapping.Id); err != nil {
+			*s.validateErrs = append(*s.validateErrs, fmt.Errorf("svc %s: %w", mapping.Id, err))
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *tokenValidatingSyncStream) Recv() (*proto.SyncMappingsRequest, error) {
+	<-s.ackCh
+	return ackMsg(), nil
+}
+
+func (s *tokenValidatingSyncStream) Context() context.Context     { return context.Background() }
+func (s *tokenValidatingSyncStream) SetHeader(metadata.MD) error  { return nil }
+func (s *tokenValidatingSyncStream) SendHeader(metadata.MD) error { return nil }
+func (s *tokenValidatingSyncStream) SetTrailer(metadata.MD)       {}
+func (s *tokenValidatingSyncStream) SendMsg(any) error            { return nil }
+func (s *tokenValidatingSyncStream) RecvMsg(any) error            { return nil }
+
+func TestConnectionSendResponse_RoutesToSyncStream(t *testing.T) {
+	stream := &syncRecordingStream{}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{
+		syncStream: stream,
+	}
+
+	resp := &proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
+		Mapping: []*proto.ProxyMapping{
+			{Id: "svc-1", AccountId: "acct-1", Domain: "example.com"},
+		},
+		InitialSyncComplete: true,
+	}
+
+	err := conn.sendResponse(resp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Len(t, stream.sent, 1)
+	assert.Len(t, stream.sent[0].Mapping, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "svc-1", stream.sent[0].Mapping[0].Id)
+	assert.True(t, stream.sent[0].InitialSyncComplete)
+}
+
+func TestConnectionSendResponse_RoutesToLegacyStream(t *testing.T) {
+	stream := &recordingStream{}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{
+		stream: stream,
+	}
+
+	resp := &proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
+		Mapping: []*proto.ProxyMapping{
+			{Id: "svc-2", AccountId: "acct-2"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := conn.sendResponse(resp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Len(t, stream.messages, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "svc-2", stream.messages[0].Mapping[0].Id)
+}

management/internals/shared/grpc/validate_session_test.go

@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ func (m *testValidateSessionServiceManager) GetServiceByDomain(ctx context.Conte
 	return m.store.GetServiceByDomain(ctx, domain)
 }
 
-func (m *testValidateSessionServiceManager) GetActiveClusters(_ context.Context, _, _ string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
+func (m *testValidateSessionServiceManager) GetClusters(_ context.Context, _, _ string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 

management/server/http/handlers/proxy/auth_callback_integration_test.go

@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ func (m *testServiceManager) GetServiceByDomain(ctx context.Context, domain stri
 	return m.store.GetServiceByDomain(ctx, domain)
 }
 
-func (m *testServiceManager) GetActiveClusters(_ context.Context, _, _ string) ([]nbproxy.Cluster, error) {
+func (m *testServiceManager) GetClusters(_ context.Context, _, _ string) ([]nbproxy.Cluster, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 

management/server/http/testing/integration/networks_handler_integration_test.go

@@ -1319,7 +1319,7 @@ func Test_NetworkRouters_Update(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 		{
-			name:      "Update non-existing router creates it",
+			name:      "Update non-existing router returns not found",
 			networkId: "testNetworkId",
 			routerId:  "nonExistingRouterId",
 			requestBody: &api.NetworkRouterRequest{
@@ -1328,11 +1328,7 @@ func Test_NetworkRouters_Update(t *testing.T) {
 				Metric:     100,
 				Enabled:    true,
 			},
-			expectedStatus: http.StatusOK,
-			verifyResponse: func(t *testing.T, router *api.NetworkRouter) {
-				t.Helper()
-				assert.Equal(t, "nonExistingRouterId", router.Id)
-			},
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusNotFound,
 		},
 		{
 			name:      "Update router with both peer and peer_groups",

management/server/migration/migration_test.go

@@ -198,7 +198,11 @@ func TestMigrateNetIPFieldFromBlobToJSON_WithJSONData(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to insert account")
 
 	account.PeersG = []nbpeer.Peer{
-		{AccountID: "1234", Location: nbpeer.Location{ConnectionIP: net.IP{10, 0, 0, 1}}},
+		{
+			AccountID: "1234",
+			Location:  nbpeer.Location{ConnectionIP: net.IP{10, 0, 0, 1}},
+			Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{LastSeen: time.Now()},
+		},
 	}
 
 	err = db.Save(account).Error

management/server/networks/manager_test.go

@@ -34,8 +34,11 @@ func Test_GetAllNetworksReturnsNetworks(t *testing.T) {
 
 	networks, err := manager.GetAllNetworks(ctx, accountID, userID)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Len(t, networks, 1)
-	require.Equal(t, "testNetworkId", networks[0].ID)
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(networks))
+	for _, n := range networks {
+		ids = append(ids, n.ID)
+	}
+	require.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"testNetworkId", "secondNetworkId"}, ids)
 }
 
 func Test_GetAllNetworksReturnsPermissionDenied(t *testing.T) {

management/server/networks/routers/manager.go

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) CreateRouter(ctx context.Context, userID string, router *t
 
 		router.ID = xid.New().String()
 
-		err = transaction.SaveNetworkRouter(ctx, router)
+		err = transaction.CreateNetworkRouter(ctx, router)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create network router: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -162,11 +162,20 @@ func (m *managerImpl) UpdateRouter(ctx context.Context, userID string, router *t
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get network: %w", err)
 		}
 
-		if network.ID != router.NetworkID {
+		existing, err := transaction.GetNetworkRouterByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, router.AccountID, router.ID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get network router: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		if existing.AccountID != router.AccountID {
+			return status.NewNetworkRouterNotFoundError(router.ID)
+		}
+
+		if existing.NetworkID != router.NetworkID {
 			return status.NewRouterNotPartOfNetworkError(router.ID, router.NetworkID)
 		}
 
-		err = transaction.SaveNetworkRouter(ctx, router)
+		err = transaction.UpdateNetworkRouter(ctx, router)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to update network router: %w", err)
 		}

management/server/networks/routers/manager_test.go

@@ -195,6 +195,7 @@ func Test_UpdateRouterSuccessfully(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	}
+	router.ID = "testRouterId"
 
 	s, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../../testdata/networks.sql", t.TempDir())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -210,6 +211,102 @@ func Test_UpdateRouterSuccessfully(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, router.Metric, updatedRouter.Metric)
 }
 
+func Test_UpdateRouterRejectsCrossAccountID(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	userID := "testAdminId"
+
+	// Admin of testAccountId tries to update a router that belongs to otherAccountId
+	// by passing the other account's router ID through the URL.
+	router, err := types.NewNetworkRouter("testAccountId", "testNetworkId", "testPeerId", []string{}, false, 1, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+	router.ID = "otherRouterId"
+
+	s, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../../testdata/networks.sql", t.TempDir())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
+	permissionsManager := permissions.NewManager(s)
+	am := mock_server.MockAccountManager{}
+	manager := NewManager(s, permissionsManager, &am)
+
+	updatedRouter, err := manager.UpdateRouter(ctx, userID, router)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, updatedRouter)
+
+	// The other account's router must be untouched.
+	stored, err := s.GetNetworkRouterByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "otherAccountId", "otherRouterId")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "otherAccountId", stored.AccountID)
+	require.Equal(t, "otherNetworkId", stored.NetworkID)
+	require.Equal(t, "otherPeer", stored.Peer)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, stored.Metric)
+}
+
+func Test_CreateRouterRejectsCrossAccountID(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	userID := "testAdminId"
+
+	// Admin of testAccountId tries to create a router in otherAccountId's network.
+	// The permission check is on router.AccountID (their own), but the network
+	// lookup must fail because (testAccountId, otherNetworkId) does not exist.
+	router, err := types.NewNetworkRouter("testAccountId", "otherNetworkId", "testPeerId", []string{}, false, 1, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	s, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../../testdata/networks.sql", t.TempDir())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
+	permissionsManager := permissions.NewManager(s)
+	am := mock_server.MockAccountManager{}
+	manager := NewManager(s, permissionsManager, &am)
+
+	createdRouter, err := manager.CreateRouter(ctx, userID, router)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, createdRouter)
+
+	// No router should have been created in either account's scope under otherNetworkId.
+	routersInOther, err := s.GetNetworkRoutersByNetID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "otherAccountId", "otherNetworkId")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, routersInOther, 1)
+	require.Equal(t, "otherRouterId", routersInOther[0].ID)
+}
+
+func Test_UpdateRouterRejectsNetworkMismatch(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	userID := "testAdminId"
+
+	// The router exists in testNetworkId, but the caller submits secondNetworkId
+	// (a different network in the same account). The update must be refused.
+	router, err := types.NewNetworkRouter("testAccountId", "secondNetworkId", "testPeerId", []string{}, false, 1, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+	router.ID = "testRouterId"
+
+	s, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../../testdata/networks.sql", t.TempDir())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
+	permissionsManager := permissions.NewManager(s)
+	am := mock_server.MockAccountManager{}
+	manager := NewManager(s, permissionsManager, &am)
+
+	updatedRouter, err := manager.UpdateRouter(ctx, userID, router)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, updatedRouter)
+
+	stored, err := s.GetNetworkRouterByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "testAccountId", "testRouterId")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "testNetworkId", stored.NetworkID)
+}
+
 func Test_UpdateRouterFailsWithPermissionDenied(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	userID := "testUserId"

management/server/peer/peer.go

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ type PeerStatus struct { //nolint:revive
 	// active session". Integer nanoseconds are used so equality is
 	// precision-safe across drivers, and so the predicates compose to a
 	// single bigint comparison.
-	SessionStartedAt int64
+	SessionStartedAt int64 `gorm:"not null;default:0"`
 	// Connected indicates whether peer is connected to the management service or not
 	Connected bool
 	// LoginExpired

management/server/peer_test.go

@@ -2218,6 +2218,9 @@ func Test_IsUniqueConstraintError(t *testing.T) {
 		ID:        "test-peer-id",
 		AccountID: "bf1c8084-ba50-4ce7-9439-34653001fc3b",
 		DNSLabel:  "test-peer-dns-label",
+		Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{
+			LastSeen: time.Now(),
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {

management/server/store/sql_store.go

@@ -4315,11 +4315,27 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetNetworkRouterByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Lockin
 	return netRouter, nil
 }
 
-func (s *SqlStore) SaveNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, router *routerTypes.NetworkRouter) error {
-	result := s.db.Save(router)
+func (s *SqlStore) CreateNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, router *routerTypes.NetworkRouter) error {
+	if err := s.db.Create(router).Error; err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to create network router in store: %v", err)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to create network router in store")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) UpdateNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, router *routerTypes.NetworkRouter) error {
+	result := s.db.
+		Select("*").
+		Where(accountAndIDQueryCondition, router.AccountID, router.ID).
+		Updates(router)
 	if result.Error != nil {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to save network router to store: %v", result.Error)
-		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to save network router to store")
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to update network router in store: %v", result.Error)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to update network router in store")
+	}
+
+	if result.RowsAffected == 0 {
+		return status.NewNetworkRouterNotFoundError(router.ID)
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -5736,19 +5752,67 @@ func (s *SqlStore) DeleteAccountCluster(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, acc
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *SqlStore) GetActiveProxyClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
-	var clusters []proxy.Cluster
+// GetProxyClusters returns every cluster the account can see (shared
+// plus its own BYOP), regardless of whether any proxy in the cluster
+// is currently heartbeating. Online and ConnectedProxies are derived
+// from the 2-min active window so the dashboard can render offline
+// clusters distinctly; the 1-hour heartbeat reaper still removes rows
+// that go quiet for too long.
+//
+// AccountOwned is determined by whether any proxy row in the group
+// carries a non-NULL account_id; the caller maps that to Cluster.Type.
+// Capability flags are NOT filled here — the handler enriches them via
+// the per-cluster capability lookups.
+func (s *SqlStore) GetProxyClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
+	activeCutoff := time.Now().Add(-proxyActiveThreshold)
 
+	type clusterRow struct {
+		ID               string
+		Address          string
+		ConnectedProxies int
+		Online           bool
+		AccountOwned     bool
+	}
+
+	var rows []clusterRow
 	result := s.db.Model(&proxy.Proxy{}).
-		Select("MIN(id) as id, cluster_address as address, COUNT(*) as connected_proxies, COUNT(account_id) > 0 as self_hosted").
-		Where("status = ? AND last_seen > ? AND (account_id IS NULL OR account_id = ?)",
-			proxy.StatusConnected, time.Now().Add(-proxyActiveThreshold), accountID).
+		Select(
+			"MIN(id) AS id, "+
+				"cluster_address AS address, "+
+				// COUNT(CASE WHEN ... THEN 1 END) counts only non-NULL — i.e. only
+				// rows that satisfy the predicate — so it works portably across
+				// sqlite/postgres/mysql without dialect-specific FILTER syntax.
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN status = ? AND last_seen > ? THEN 1 END) AS connected_proxies, "+
+				// MAX(CASE …) > 0 expresses BOOL_OR in a way Postgres tolerates
+				// (Postgres can't MAX a boolean column).
+				"MAX(CASE WHEN status = ? AND last_seen > ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) > 0 AS online, "+
+				"MAX(CASE WHEN account_id IS NOT NULL THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) > 0 AS account_owned",
+			proxy.StatusConnected, activeCutoff,
+			proxy.StatusConnected, activeCutoff,
+		).
+		Where("account_id IS NULL OR account_id = ?", accountID).
 		Group("cluster_address").
-		Scan(&clusters)
+		Scan(&rows)
 
 	if result.Error != nil {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get active proxy clusters: %v", result.Error)
-		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "get active proxy clusters")
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get proxy clusters: %v", result.Error)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "get proxy clusters")
+	}
+
+	clusters := make([]proxy.Cluster, 0, len(rows))
+	for _, r := range rows {
+		c := proxy.Cluster{
+			ID:               r.ID,
+			Address:          r.Address,
+			Online:           r.Online,
+			ConnectedProxies: r.ConnectedProxies,
+		}
+		if r.AccountOwned {
+			c.Type = proxy.ClusterTypeAccount
+		} else {
+			c.Type = proxy.ClusterTypeShared
+		}
+		clusters = append(clusters, c)
 	}
 
 	return clusters, nil

management/server/store/sql_store_proxy_clusters_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	rpproxy "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
+)
+
+// TestSqlStore_GetProxyClusters_DerivesOnlineAndType guards the
+// account-visible cluster list against silent regressions in two
+// dimensions:
+//
+//  1. Online derivation: a cluster with one stale and one fresh proxy
+//     is online and counts only the fresh proxy; a cluster whose
+//     proxies all heartbeated outside the 2-min window appears offline
+//     with connected_proxies = 0 (rather than disappearing, which is
+//     what the old query did).
+//  2. Type derivation: a cluster scoped to the calling account is
+//     reported as `account`; a cluster with account_id IS NULL is
+//     reported as `shared`. Clusters scoped to other accounts must not
+//     leak into the result.
+//
+// Capability flags are intentionally not asserted here — they're filled
+// by the manager (handler) layer from the per-cluster capability
+// lookups, not by the store query.
+func TestSqlStore_GetProxyClusters_DerivesOnlineAndType(t *testing.T) {
+	if (os.Getenv("CI") == "true" && runtime.GOOS == "darwin") || runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("skip CI tests on darwin and windows")
+	}
+
+	runTestForAllEngines(t, "", func(t *testing.T, store Store) {
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		accountID := "acct-clusters"
+		require.NoError(t, store.SaveAccount(ctx, newAccountWithId(ctx, accountID, "user-1", "")))
+
+		otherAccountID := "acct-other"
+		require.NoError(t, store.SaveAccount(ctx, newAccountWithId(ctx, otherAccountID, "user-2", "")))
+
+		acctID := accountID
+		otherID := otherAccountID
+
+		fresh := time.Now().Add(-30 * time.Second)
+		stale := time.Now().Add(-30 * time.Minute)
+
+		mustSave := func(id, cluster string, accID *string, status string, lastSeen time.Time) {
+			require.NoError(t, store.SaveProxy(ctx, &rpproxy.Proxy{
+				ID:             id,
+				SessionID:      id + "-sess",
+				ClusterAddress: cluster,
+				IPAddress:      "10.0.0.1",
+				AccountID:      accID,
+				LastSeen:       lastSeen,
+				Status:         status,
+			}))
+		}
+
+		// shared-mixed: one fresh + one stale proxy → online, connected=1
+		mustSave("p-shared-fresh", "shared-mixed.netbird.io", nil, rpproxy.StatusConnected, fresh)
+		mustSave("p-shared-stale", "shared-mixed.netbird.io", nil, rpproxy.StatusConnected, stale)
+
+		// shared-offline: only stale proxies → offline, connected=0,
+		// but row must still appear (this is the new semantic — old
+		// query would have dropped it entirely).
+		mustSave("p-shared-off", "shared-offline.netbird.io", nil, rpproxy.StatusConnected, stale)
+
+		// account-online: BYOP cluster owned by acctID, fresh
+		mustSave("p-acct-fresh", "byop.acct.example", &acctID, rpproxy.StatusConnected, fresh)
+
+		// other-account: must not surface for acctID
+		mustSave("p-other", "byop.other.example", &otherID, rpproxy.StatusConnected, fresh)
+
+		clusters, err := store.GetProxyClusters(ctx, accountID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		byAddr := map[string]rpproxy.Cluster{}
+		for _, c := range clusters {
+			byAddr[c.Address] = c
+		}
+
+		assert.NotContains(t, byAddr, "byop.other.example",
+			"another account's BYOP cluster must not leak into this account's listing")
+
+		require.Contains(t, byAddr, "shared-mixed.netbird.io")
+		mixed := byAddr["shared-mixed.netbird.io"]
+		assert.Equal(t, rpproxy.ClusterTypeShared, mixed.Type, "shared cluster (account_id IS NULL) must be reported as Type=shared")
+		assert.True(t, mixed.Online, "cluster with a fresh proxy must be online")
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, mixed.ConnectedProxies, "connected_proxies must count only fresh proxies; the stale one should not bump the count")
+
+		require.Contains(t, byAddr, "shared-offline.netbird.io",
+			"offline clusters must still appear so the dashboard can render them — the old GetActiveProxyClusters would have dropped this row, which is the regression this test guards against")
+		offline := byAddr["shared-offline.netbird.io"]
+		assert.Equal(t, rpproxy.ClusterTypeShared, offline.Type)
+		assert.False(t, offline.Online, "no fresh heartbeat → offline")
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, offline.ConnectedProxies, "no fresh proxies → connected_proxies=0")
+
+		require.Contains(t, byAddr, "byop.acct.example")
+		acct := byAddr["byop.acct.example"]
+		assert.Equal(t, rpproxy.ClusterTypeAccount, acct.Type, "BYOP cluster owned by the account must be reported as Type=account")
+		assert.True(t, acct.Online)
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, acct.ConnectedProxies)
+	})
+}

management/server/store/sql_store_test.go

@@ -2399,7 +2399,7 @@ func TestSqlStore_GetNetworkRouterByID(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestSqlStore_SaveNetworkRouter(t *testing.T) {
+func TestSqlStore_CreateNetworkRouter(t *testing.T) {
 	store, cleanup, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../testdata/store.sql", t.TempDir())
 	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -2410,7 +2410,7 @@ func TestSqlStore_SaveNetworkRouter(t *testing.T) {
 	netRouter, err := routerTypes.NewNetworkRouter(accountID, networkID, "", []string{"net-router-grp"}, true, 0, true)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	err = store.SaveNetworkRouter(context.Background(), netRouter)
+	err = store.CreateNetworkRouter(context.Background(), netRouter)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	savedNetRouter, err := store.GetNetworkRouterByID(context.Background(), LockingStrengthNone, accountID, netRouter.ID)
@@ -2418,6 +2418,39 @@ func TestSqlStore_SaveNetworkRouter(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, netRouter, savedNetRouter)
 }
 
+func TestSqlStore_UpdateNetworkRouter(t *testing.T) {
+	store, cleanup, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../testdata/store.sql", t.TempDir())
+	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	accountID := "bf1c8084-ba50-4ce7-9439-34653001fc3b"
+	networkID := "ct286bi7qv930dsrrug0"
+	routerID := "ctc20ji7qv9ck2sebc80"
+
+	netRouter := &routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
+		ID:         routerID,
+		AccountID:  accountID,
+		NetworkID:  networkID,
+		Peer:       "",
+		PeerGroups: []string{"net-router-grp"},
+		Masquerade: true,
+		Metric:     42,
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}
+
+	err = store.UpdateNetworkRouter(context.Background(), netRouter)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	savedNetRouter, err := store.GetNetworkRouterByID(context.Background(), LockingStrengthNone, accountID, routerID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, netRouter, savedNetRouter)
+
+	// Updating a router under a different account must not match any row.
+	netRouter.AccountID = "non-existent-account"
+	err = store.UpdateNetworkRouter(context.Background(), netRouter)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
 func TestSqlStore_DeleteNetworkRouter(t *testing.T) {
 	store, cleanup, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../testdata/store.sql", t.TempDir())
 	t.Cleanup(cleanup)

management/server/store/store.go

@@ -228,7 +228,8 @@ type Store interface {
 	GetNetworkRoutersByNetID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, netID string) ([]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter, error)
 	GetNetworkRoutersByAccountID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter, error)
 	GetNetworkRouterByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, routerID string) (*routerTypes.NetworkRouter, error)
-	SaveNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, router *routerTypes.NetworkRouter) error
+	CreateNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, router *routerTypes.NetworkRouter) error
+	UpdateNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, router *routerTypes.NetworkRouter) error
 	DeleteNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, accountID, routerID string) error
 
 	GetNetworkResourcesByNetID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, netID string) ([]*resourceTypes.NetworkResource, error)
@@ -307,7 +308,7 @@ type Store interface {
 	UpdateProxyHeartbeat(ctx context.Context, p *proxy.Proxy) error
 	GetActiveProxyClusterAddresses(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error)
 	GetActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]string, error)
-	GetActiveProxyClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error)
+	GetProxyClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error)
 	GetClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	GetClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
@@ -471,6 +472,9 @@ func getMigrationsPreAuto(ctx context.Context) []migrationFunc {
 		func(db *gorm.DB) error {
 			return migration.MigrateNewField[types.User](ctx, db, "email", "")
 		},
+		func(db *gorm.DB) error {
+			return migration.MigrateNewField[nbpeer.Peer](ctx, db, "peer_status_session_started_at", int64(0))
+		},
 		func(db *gorm.DB) error {
 			return migration.RemoveDuplicatePeerKeys(ctx, db)
 		},

management/server/store/store_mock.go

@@ -310,6 +310,20 @@ func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreateGroups(ctx, accountID, groups interface{}
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateGroups", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CreateGroups), ctx, accountID, groups)
 }
 
+// CreateNetworkRouter mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) CreateNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, router *types0.NetworkRouter) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CreateNetworkRouter", ctx, router)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// CreateNetworkRouter indicates an expected call of CreateNetworkRouter.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreateNetworkRouter(ctx, router interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateNetworkRouter", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CreateNetworkRouter), ctx, router)
+}
+
 // CreatePeerJob mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) CreatePeerJob(ctx context.Context, job *types2.Job) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -380,6 +394,20 @@ func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteAccount(ctx, account interface{}) *gomock
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteAccount", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteAccount), ctx, account)
 }
 
+// DeleteAccountCluster mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) DeleteAccountCluster(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "DeleteAccountCluster", ctx, clusterAddress, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// DeleteAccountCluster indicates an expected call of DeleteAccountCluster.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteAccountCluster(ctx, clusterAddress, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteAccountCluster", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteAccountCluster), ctx, clusterAddress, accountID)
+}
+
 // DeleteCustomDomain mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) DeleteCustomDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID, domainID string) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -577,20 +605,6 @@ func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeletePostureChecks(ctx, accountID, postureChec
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeletePostureChecks", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeletePostureChecks), ctx, accountID, postureChecksID)
 }
 
-// DeleteAccountCluster mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) DeleteAccountCluster(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) error {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "DeleteAccountCluster", ctx, clusterAddress, accountID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
-	return ret0
-}
-
-// DeleteAccountCluster indicates an expected call of DeleteAccountCluster.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteAccountCluster(ctx, clusterAddress, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteAccountCluster", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteAccountCluster), ctx, clusterAddress, accountID)
-}
-
 // DeleteRoute mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) DeleteRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID, routeID string) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -731,6 +745,20 @@ func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteZoneDNSRecords(ctx, accountID, zoneID int
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteZoneDNSRecords", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteZoneDNSRecords), ctx, accountID, zoneID)
 }
 
+// DisconnectProxy mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) DisconnectProxy(ctx context.Context, proxyID, sessionID string) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "DisconnectProxy", ctx, proxyID, sessionID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// DisconnectProxy indicates an expected call of DisconnectProxy.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DisconnectProxy(ctx, proxyID, sessionID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DisconnectProxy", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DisconnectProxy), ctx, proxyID, sessionID)
+}
+
 // EphemeralServiceExists mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) EphemeralServiceExists(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, peerID, domain string) (bool, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -1332,21 +1360,6 @@ func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccount(ctx, a
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccount", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccount), ctx, accountID)
 }
 
-// GetActiveProxyClusters mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetActiveProxyClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetActiveProxyClusters", ctx, accountID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]proxy.Cluster)
-	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
-	return ret0, ret1
-}
-
-// GetActiveProxyClusters indicates an expected call of GetActiveProxyClusters.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetActiveProxyClusters(ctx, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetActiveProxyClusters", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetActiveProxyClusters), ctx, accountID)
-}
-
 // GetAllAccounts mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) GetAllAccounts(ctx context.Context) []*types2.Account {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -2048,6 +2061,21 @@ func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetProxyByAccountID(ctx, accountID interface{})
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetProxyByAccountID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetProxyByAccountID), ctx, accountID)
 }
 
+// GetProxyClusters mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetProxyClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetProxyClusters", ctx, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]proxy.Cluster)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetProxyClusters indicates an expected call of GetProxyClusters.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetProxyClusters(ctx, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetProxyClusters", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetProxyClusters), ctx, accountID)
+}
+
 // GetResourceGroups mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) GetResourceGroups(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, resourceID string) ([]*types2.Group, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -2598,6 +2626,36 @@ func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) MarkPATUsed(ctx, patID interface{}) *gomock.Cal
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "MarkPATUsed", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).MarkPATUsed), ctx, patID)
 }
 
+// MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string, newSessionStartedAt int64) (bool, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession", ctx, accountID, peerID, newSessionStartedAt)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(bool)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession indicates an expected call of MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession(ctx, accountID, peerID, newSessionStartedAt interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession), ctx, accountID, peerID, newSessionStartedAt)
+}
+
+// MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string, sessionStartedAt int64) (bool, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession", ctx, accountID, peerID, sessionStartedAt)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(bool)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession indicates an expected call of MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession(ctx, accountID, peerID, sessionStartedAt interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession), ctx, accountID, peerID, sessionStartedAt)
+}
+
 // MarkPendingJobsAsFailed mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) MarkPendingJobsAsFailed(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID, jobID, reason string) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -2808,20 +2866,6 @@ func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveNetworkResource(ctx, resource interface{})
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveNetworkResource", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveNetworkResource), ctx, resource)
 }
 
-// SaveNetworkRouter mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) SaveNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, router *types0.NetworkRouter) error {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveNetworkRouter", ctx, router)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
-	return ret0
-}
-
-// SaveNetworkRouter indicates an expected call of SaveNetworkRouter.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveNetworkRouter(ctx, router interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveNetworkRouter", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveNetworkRouter), ctx, router)
-}
-
 // SavePAT mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) SavePAT(ctx context.Context, pat *types2.PersonalAccessToken) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -2878,36 +2922,6 @@ func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SavePeerStatus(ctx, accountID, peerID, status i
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SavePeerStatus", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SavePeerStatus), ctx, accountID, peerID, status)
 }
 
-// MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string, newSessionStartedAt int64) (bool, error) {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession", ctx, accountID, peerID, newSessionStartedAt)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(bool)
-	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
-	return ret0, ret1
-}
-
-// MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession indicates an expected call of MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession(ctx, accountID, peerID, newSessionStartedAt interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession), ctx, accountID, peerID, newSessionStartedAt)
-}
-
-// MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string, sessionStartedAt int64) (bool, error) {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession", ctx, accountID, peerID, sessionStartedAt)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(bool)
-	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
-	return ret0, ret1
-}
-
-// MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession indicates an expected call of MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession(ctx, accountID, peerID, sessionStartedAt interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession), ctx, accountID, peerID, sessionStartedAt)
-}
-
 // SavePolicy mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) SavePolicy(ctx context.Context, policy *types2.Policy) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -2950,20 +2964,6 @@ func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveProxy(ctx, proxy interface{}) *gomock.Call
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveProxy", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveProxy), ctx, proxy)
 }
 
-// DisconnectProxy mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) DisconnectProxy(ctx context.Context, proxyID, sessionID string) error {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "DisconnectProxy", ctx, proxyID, sessionID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
-	return ret0
-}
-
-// DisconnectProxy indicates an expected call of DisconnectProxy.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DisconnectProxy(ctx, proxyID, sessionID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DisconnectProxy", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DisconnectProxy), ctx, proxyID, sessionID)
-}
-
 // SaveProxyAccessToken mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) SaveProxyAccessToken(ctx context.Context, token *types2.ProxyAccessToken) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -3173,6 +3173,20 @@ func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateGroups(ctx, accountID, groups interface{}
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateGroups", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).UpdateGroups), ctx, accountID, groups)
 }
 
+// UpdateNetworkRouter mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) UpdateNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, router *types0.NetworkRouter) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "UpdateNetworkRouter", ctx, router)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// UpdateNetworkRouter indicates an expected call of UpdateNetworkRouter.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateNetworkRouter(ctx, router interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateNetworkRouter", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).UpdateNetworkRouter), ctx, router)
+}
+
 // UpdateProxyHeartbeat mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) UpdateProxyHeartbeat(ctx context.Context, p *proxy.Proxy) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()

management/server/testdata/networks.sql

@@ -9,9 +9,13 @@ INSERT INTO peers VALUES('testPeerId','testAccountId','5rvhvriKJZ3S9oxYToVj5TzDM
 
 CREATE TABLE `networks` (`id` text,`account_id` text,`name` text,`description` text,PRIMARY KEY (`id`),CONSTRAINT `fk_accounts_networks` FOREIGN KEY (`account_id`) REFERENCES `accounts`(`id`));
 INSERT INTO networks VALUES('testNetworkId','testAccountId','some-name','some-description');
+INSERT INTO networks VALUES('secondNetworkId','testAccountId','second-name','second-description');
 
 CREATE TABLE `network_routers` (`id` text,`network_id` text,`account_id` text,`peer` text,`peer_groups` text,`masquerade` numeric,`metric` integer,PRIMARY KEY (`id`),CONSTRAINT `fk_accounts_network_routers` FOREIGN KEY (`account_id`) REFERENCES `accounts`(`id`));
 INSERT INTO network_routers VALUES('testRouterId','testNetworkId','testAccountId','','["csquuo4jcko732k1ag00"]',0,9999);
+INSERT INTO accounts VALUES('otherAccountId','','2024-10-02 16:01:38.000000000+00:00','other.com','private',1,'otherNetworkIdentifier','{"IP":"100.65.0.0","Mask":"//8AAA=="}','',0,'[]',0,86400000000000,0,0,0,'',NULL,NULL,NULL);
+INSERT INTO networks VALUES('otherNetworkId','otherAccountId','other-net','other-description');
+INSERT INTO network_routers VALUES('otherRouterId','otherNetworkId','otherAccountId','otherPeer',NULL,0,1);
 
 CREATE TABLE `network_resources` (`id` text,`network_id` text,`account_id` text,`name` text,`description` text,`type` text,`address` text,PRIMARY KEY (`id`),CONSTRAINT `fk_accounts_network_resources` FOREIGN KEY (`account_id`) REFERENCES `accounts`(`id`));
 INSERT INTO network_resources VALUES('testResourceId','testNetworkId','testAccountId','some-name','some-description','host','3.3.3.3/32');

proxy/handle_mapping_stream_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"io"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ func TestHandleMappingStream_SyncCompleteFlag(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	syncDone := false
-	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone)
+	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone, time.Time{})
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.True(t, syncDone, "initial sync should be marked done when flag is set")
 }
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ func TestHandleMappingStream_NoSyncFlagDoesNotMarkDone(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	syncDone := false
-	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone)
+	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone, time.Time{})
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.False(t, syncDone, "initial sync should not be marked done without flag")
 }
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ func TestHandleMappingStream_NilHealthChecker(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	syncDone := false
-	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone)
+	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone, time.Time{})
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.True(t, syncDone, "sync done flag should be set even without health checker")
 }

proxy/internal/metrics/metrics.go

@@ -25,6 +25,11 @@ type Metrics struct {
 	backendDuration          metric.Int64Histogram
 	certificateIssueDuration metric.Int64Histogram
 
+	// Management sync metrics.
+	snapshotSyncDuration  metric.Int64Histogram
+	snapshotBatchDuration metric.Int64Histogram
+	addPeerDuration       metric.Int64Histogram
+
 	// L4 service-level metrics.
 	l4Services metric.Int64UpDownCounter
 
@@ -54,6 +59,9 @@ func New(ctx context.Context, meter metric.Meter) (*Metrics, error) {
 	if err := m.initHTTPMetrics(meter); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	if err := m.initSyncMetrics(meter); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	if err := m.initL4Metrics(meter); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -126,6 +134,59 @@ func (m *Metrics) initHTTPMetrics(meter metric.Meter) error {
 	return err
 }
 
+func (m *Metrics) initSyncMetrics(meter metric.Meter) error {
+	var err error
+
+	m.snapshotSyncDuration, err = meter.Int64Histogram(
+		"proxy.sync.snapshot.duration.ms",
+		metric.WithUnit("milliseconds"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Duration from management connect until the initial snapshot sync is complete"),
+		metric.WithExplicitBucketBoundaries(100, 250, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000, 10000, 30000, 60000, 120000, 300000),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	m.snapshotBatchDuration, err = meter.Int64Histogram(
+		"proxy.sync.batch.duration.ms",
+		metric.WithUnit("milliseconds"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Duration to process a single mapping batch during initial snapshot sync"),
+		metric.WithExplicitBucketBoundaries(100, 250, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000, 10000, 30000, 60000, 120000, 300000),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	m.addPeerDuration, err = meter.Int64Histogram(
+		"proxy.peer.add.duration.ms",
+		metric.WithUnit("milliseconds"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Duration to add a peer for an account (keygen + gRPC CreateProxyPeer + embed.New)"),
+		metric.WithExplicitBucketBoundaries(10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000, 10000),
+	)
+	return err
+}
+
+// RecordSnapshotSyncDuration records the total time from connect to sync-complete.
+func (m *Metrics) RecordSnapshotSyncDuration(d time.Duration) {
+	m.snapshotSyncDuration.Record(m.ctx, d.Milliseconds())
+}
+
+// RecordSnapshotBatchDuration records the time to process one mapping batch during initial sync.
+func (m *Metrics) RecordSnapshotBatchDuration(d time.Duration) {
+	m.snapshotBatchDuration.Record(m.ctx, d.Milliseconds())
+}
+
+// RecordAddPeerDuration records the time to create a new peer for an account.
+func (m *Metrics) RecordAddPeerDuration(d time.Duration, err error) {
+	result := "success"
+	if err != nil {
+		result = "error"
+	}
+	m.addPeerDuration.Record(m.ctx, d.Milliseconds(), metric.WithAttributes(
+		attribute.String("result", result),
+	))
+}
+
 func (m *Metrics) initL4Metrics(meter metric.Meter) error {
 	var err error
 

proxy/internal/roundtrip/netbird.go

@@ -76,6 +76,11 @@ type clientEntry struct {
 	services          map[ServiceKey]serviceInfo
 	createdAt         time.Time
 	started           bool
+	// ready is closed once the client has been fully initialized.
+	// Callers that find a pending entry wait on this channel before
+	// accessing the client. A nil initErr means success.
+	ready   chan struct{}
+	initErr error
 	// Per-backend in-flight limiting keyed by target host:port.
 	// TODO: clean up stale entries when backend targets change.
 	inflightMu  sync.Mutex
@@ -137,6 +142,11 @@ type NetBird struct {
 	clients        map[types.AccountID]*clientEntry
 	initLogOnce    sync.Once
 	statusNotifier statusNotifier
+
+	// OnAddPeer, when set, is called after AddPeer completes for a new account
+	// (i.e. when a new client was actually created, not when an existing one
+	// was reused). The duration covers keygen + gRPC CreateProxyPeer + embed.New.
+	OnAddPeer func(d time.Duration, err error)
 }
 
 // ClientDebugInfo contains debug information about a client.
@@ -157,6 +167,9 @@ type skipTLSVerifyContextKey struct{}
 // AddPeer registers a service for an account. If the account doesn't have a client yet,
 // one is created by authenticating with the management server using the provided token.
 // Multiple services can share the same client.
+//
+// Client creation (WG keygen, gRPC, embed.New) runs without holding clientsMux
+// so that concurrent AddPeer calls for different accounts execute in parallel.
 func (n *NetBird) AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, key ServiceKey, authToken string, serviceID types.ServiceID) error {
 	si := serviceInfo{serviceID: serviceID}
 
@@ -164,10 +177,23 @@ func (n *NetBird) AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, key Se
 
 	entry, exists := n.clients[accountID]
 	if exists {
+		ready := entry.ready
 		entry.services[key] = si
 		started := entry.started
 		n.clientsMux.Unlock()
 
+		// If the entry is still being initialized by another goroutine, wait.
+		if ready != nil {
+			select {
+			case <-ready:
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return ctx.Err()
+			}
+			if entry.initErr != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("peer initialization failed: %w", entry.initErr)
+			}
+		}
+
 		n.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
 			"account_id":  accountID,
 			"service_key": key,
@@ -184,15 +210,43 @@ func (n *NetBird) AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, key Se
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	entry, err := n.createClientEntry(ctx, accountID, key, authToken, si)
+	// Insert a placeholder so other goroutines calling AddPeer for the same
+	// account will wait on the ready channel instead of starting a second
+	// client creation.
+	entry = &clientEntry{
+		services: map[ServiceKey]serviceInfo{key: si},
+		ready:    make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	n.clients[accountID] = entry
+	n.clientsMux.Unlock()
+
+	createStart := time.Now()
+	created, err := n.createClientEntry(ctx, accountID, key, authToken, si)
+	if n.OnAddPeer != nil {
+		n.OnAddPeer(time.Since(createStart), err)
+	}
 	if err != nil {
+		entry.initErr = err
+		close(entry.ready)
+
+		n.clientsMux.Lock()
+		delete(n.clients, accountID)
 		n.clientsMux.Unlock()
 		return err
 	}
 
-	n.clients[accountID] = entry
+	// Transfer any services that were registered by concurrent AddPeer calls
+	// while we were creating the client.
+	n.clientsMux.Lock()
+	for k, v := range entry.services {
+		created.services[k] = v
+	}
+	created.ready = nil
+	n.clients[accountID] = created
 	n.clientsMux.Unlock()
 
+	close(entry.ready)
+
 	n.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
 		"account_id":  accountID,
 		"service_key": key,
@@ -200,13 +254,13 @@ func (n *NetBird) AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, key Se
 
 	// Attempt to start the client in the background; if this fails we will
 	// retry on the first request via RoundTrip.
-	go n.runClientStartup(ctx, accountID, entry.client)
+	go n.runClientStartup(ctx, accountID, created.client)
 
 	return nil
 }
 
 // createClientEntry generates a WireGuard keypair, authenticates with management,
-// and creates an embedded NetBird client. Must be called with clientsMux held.
+// and creates an embedded NetBird client.
 func (n *NetBird) createClientEntry(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, key ServiceKey, authToken string, si serviceInfo) (*clientEntry, error) {
 	serviceID := si.serviceID
 	n.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{

proxy/management_integration_test.go

@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ func (m *storeBackedServiceManager) GetServiceByDomain(ctx context.Context, doma
 	return m.store.GetServiceByDomain(ctx, domain)
 }
 
-func (m *storeBackedServiceManager) GetActiveClusters(_ context.Context, _, _ string) ([]nbproxy.Cluster, error) {
+func (m *storeBackedServiceManager) GetClusters(_ context.Context, _, _ string) ([]nbproxy.Cluster, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 

proxy/process_mappings_bench_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/auth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/conntrack"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/crowdsec"
+	proxymetrics "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/metrics"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/proxy"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/roundtrip"
+	nbtcp "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/tcp"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
+	udprelay "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/udp"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/noop"
+)
+
+// latencyMockClient simulates realistic gRPC latency for management calls.
+type latencyMockClient struct {
+	proto.ProxyServiceClient
+	createPeerDelay   time.Duration
+	statusUpdateDelay time.Duration
+}
+
+func (m *latencyMockClient) SendStatusUpdate(ctx context.Context, _ *proto.SendStatusUpdateRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.SendStatusUpdateResponse, error) {
+	if m.statusUpdateDelay > 0 {
+		select {
+		case <-time.After(m.statusUpdateDelay):
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		}
+	}
+	return &proto.SendStatusUpdateResponse{}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *latencyMockClient) CreateProxyPeer(ctx context.Context, _ *proto.CreateProxyPeerRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.CreateProxyPeerResponse, error) {
+	if m.createPeerDelay > 0 {
+		select {
+		case <-time.After(m.createPeerDelay):
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		}
+	}
+	return &proto.CreateProxyPeerResponse{Success: true}, nil
+}
+
+type discardWriter struct{}
+
+func (discardWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) { return len(p), nil }
+
+func benchServerWithLatency(b *testing.B, createPeerDelay, statusDelay time.Duration) *Server {
+	b.Helper()
+	logger := log.New()
+	logger.SetLevel(log.FatalLevel)
+	logger.SetOutput(&discardWriter{})
+
+	meter, err := proxymetrics.New(context.Background(), noop.Meter{})
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	mgmtClient := &latencyMockClient{
+		createPeerDelay:   createPeerDelay,
+		statusUpdateDelay: statusDelay,
+	}
+
+	nb := roundtrip.NewNetBird("bench-proxy", "bench.test",
+		roundtrip.ClientConfig{MgmtAddr: "http://bench.test:9999"},
+		logger, nil, mgmtClient)
+
+	mainRouter := nbtcp.NewRouter(logger, func(accountID types.AccountID) (types.DialContextFunc, error) {
+		return (&net.Dialer{}).DialContext, nil
+	}, &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 443})
+
+	return &Server{
+		Logger:           logger,
+		mgmtClient:       mgmtClient,
+		netbird:          nb,
+		proxy:            proxy.NewReverseProxy(nil, "auto", nil, logger),
+		auth:             auth.NewMiddleware(logger, nil, nil),
+		mainRouter:       mainRouter,
+		mainPort:         443,
+		meter:            meter,
+		hijackTracker:    conntrack.HijackTracker{},
+		crowdsecRegistry: crowdsec.NewRegistry("", "", log.NewEntry(logger)),
+		crowdsecServices: make(map[types.ServiceID]bool),
+		lastMappings:     make(map[types.ServiceID]*proto.ProxyMapping),
+		portRouters:      make(map[uint16]*portRouter),
+		svcPorts:         make(map[types.ServiceID][]uint16),
+		udpRelays:        make(map[types.ServiceID]*udprelay.Relay),
+	}
+}
+
+// generateHTTPMappings creates N HTTP-mode mappings with the given update type.
+// All belong to a single account to share the embedded client.
+func generateHTTPMappings(n int, updateType proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType) []*proto.ProxyMapping {
+	mappings := make([]*proto.ProxyMapping, n)
+	for i := range n {
+		mappings[i] = &proto.ProxyMapping{
+			Type:      updateType,
+			Id:        fmt.Sprintf("svc-%d", i),
+			AccountId: "account-1",
+			Domain:    fmt.Sprintf("svc-%d.bench.example.com", i),
+			Mode:      "http",
+			Path: []*proto.PathMapping{
+				{
+					Path:   "/",
+					Target: fmt.Sprintf("http://10.0.%d.%d:8080", (i/256)%256, i%256),
+				},
+			},
+			Auth: &proto.Authentication{},
+		}
+	}
+	return mappings
+}
+
+// generateMultiAccountHTTPMappings creates N HTTP-mode CREATED mappings spread
+// across the given number of accounts. This stresses the AddPeer new-account
+// path which calls CreateProxyPeer + embed.New per unique account.
+func generateMultiAccountHTTPMappings(n, accounts int) []*proto.ProxyMapping {
+	mappings := make([]*proto.ProxyMapping, n)
+	for i := range n {
+		mappings[i] = &proto.ProxyMapping{
+			Type:      proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED,
+			Id:        fmt.Sprintf("svc-%d", i),
+			AccountId: fmt.Sprintf("account-%d", i%accounts),
+			Domain:    fmt.Sprintf("svc-%d.bench.example.com", i),
+			Mode:      "http",
+			Path: []*proto.PathMapping{
+				{
+					Path:   "/",
+					Target: fmt.Sprintf("http://10.0.%d.%d:8080", (i/256)%256, i%256),
+				},
+			},
+			Auth: &proto.Authentication{},
+		}
+	}
+	return mappings
+}
+
+// generateMixedMappings creates mappings with a realistic distribution:
+// 70% HTTP create, 15% modify existing, 10% TLS on main port, 5% remove.
+// All use a single account to avoid embed.New dialing.
+func generateMixedMappings(n int) []*proto.ProxyMapping {
+	mappings := make([]*proto.ProxyMapping, n)
+	for i := range n {
+		var m *proto.ProxyMapping
+		switch {
+		case i%20 < 14: // 70% HTTP create
+			m = &proto.ProxyMapping{
+				Type:      proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED,
+				Id:        fmt.Sprintf("svc-http-%d", i),
+				AccountId: "account-1",
+				Domain:    fmt.Sprintf("svc-%d.bench.example.com", i),
+				Mode:      "http",
+				Path: []*proto.PathMapping{
+					{Path: "/", Target: fmt.Sprintf("http://10.0.%d.%d:8080", (i/256)%256, i%256)},
+					{Path: "/api", Target: fmt.Sprintf("http://10.0.%d.%d:8081", (i/256)%256, i%256)},
+				},
+				Auth: &proto.Authentication{},
+			}
+		case i%20 < 17: // 15% modify
+			m = &proto.ProxyMapping{
+				Type:      proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_MODIFIED,
+				Id:        fmt.Sprintf("svc-http-%d", i%100),
+				AccountId: "account-1",
+				Domain:    fmt.Sprintf("svc-%d.bench.example.com", i%100),
+				Mode:      "http",
+				Path: []*proto.PathMapping{
+					{Path: "/", Target: fmt.Sprintf("http://10.1.%d.%d:8080", (i/256)%256, i%256)},
+				},
+				Auth: &proto.Authentication{},
+			}
+		case i%20 < 19: // 10% TLS passthrough on main port
+			m = &proto.ProxyMapping{
+				Type:       proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED,
+				Id:         fmt.Sprintf("svc-tls-%d", i),
+				AccountId:  "account-1",
+				Domain:     fmt.Sprintf("tls-%d.bench.example.com", i),
+				Mode:       "tls",
+				ListenPort: 443,
+				Path: []*proto.PathMapping{
+					{Path: "/", Target: fmt.Sprintf("10.2.%d.%d:443", (i/256)%256, i%256)},
+				},
+			}
+		default: // 5% remove
+			m = &proto.ProxyMapping{
+				Type:      proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_REMOVED,
+				Id:        fmt.Sprintf("svc-http-%d", i%50),
+				AccountId: "account-1",
+				Domain:    fmt.Sprintf("svc-%d.bench.example.com", i%50),
+				Mode:      "http",
+			}
+		}
+		mappings[i] = m
+	}
+	return mappings
+}
+
+const (
+	createPeerLatency   = 100 * time.Millisecond
+	statusUpdateLatency = 50 * time.Millisecond
+)
+
+// BenchmarkProcessMappings_HTTPCreate_SingleAccount benchmarks the initial sync
+// scenario: N HTTP mappings all on a single account. Only the first mapping
+// triggers CreateProxyPeer (100ms gRPC). The rest just register with the
+// existing client. This is the "best case" production path.
+func BenchmarkProcessMappings_HTTPCreate_SingleAccount(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, n := range []int{100, 1000, 5000} {
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("n=%d", n), func(b *testing.B) {
+			mappings := generateHTTPMappings(n, proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED)
+			for range b.N {
+				s := benchServerWithLatency(b, createPeerLatency, statusUpdateLatency)
+				s.processMappings(b.Context(), mappings)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// BenchmarkProcessMappings_HTTPCreate_MultiAccount benchmarks the worst-case
+// initial sync: every mapping belongs to a different account, so each one
+// triggers a full CreateProxyPeer gRPC round-trip (100ms) + embed.New.
+// With 500 accounts this serializes to ~50s of blocking I/O.
+func BenchmarkProcessMappings_HTTPCreate_MultiAccount(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		mappings int
+		accounts int
+	}{
+		{100, 10},
+		{100, 50},
+		{1000, 50},
+		{1000, 200},
+		{3000, 500},
+	} {
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("mappings=%d/accounts=%d", tc.mappings, tc.accounts), func(b *testing.B) {
+			mappings := generateMultiAccountHTTPMappings(tc.mappings, tc.accounts)
+			for range b.N {
+				s := benchServerWithLatency(b, createPeerLatency, statusUpdateLatency)
+				s.processMappings(b.Context(), mappings)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// BenchmarkProcessMappings_Mixed benchmarks a realistic mixed workload
+// of creates, modifies, TLS, and removes with production-like latency.
+// TLS mappings call SendStatusUpdate (50ms each), serialized.
+func BenchmarkProcessMappings_Mixed(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, n := range []int{100, 1000, 5000} {
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("n=%d", n), func(b *testing.B) {
+			mappings := generateMixedMappings(n)
+			for range b.N {
+				s := benchServerWithLatency(b, createPeerLatency, statusUpdateLatency)
+				creates := generateHTTPMappings(100, proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED)
+				s.processMappings(b.Context(), creates)
+				s.processMappings(b.Context(), mappings)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// BenchmarkProcessMappings_ModifyOnly benchmarks bulk modification of
+// already-registered mappings (no new peers needed, no gRPC).
+func BenchmarkProcessMappings_ModifyOnly(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, n := range []int{100, 1000, 5000} {
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("n=%d", n), func(b *testing.B) {
+			creates := generateHTTPMappings(n, proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED)
+			modifies := generateHTTPMappings(n, proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_MODIFIED)
+			for range b.N {
+				s := benchServerWithLatency(b, createPeerLatency, statusUpdateLatency)
+				s.processMappings(b.Context(), creates)
+				s.processMappings(b.Context(), modifies)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// BenchmarkProcessMappings_NoLatency measures pure CPU/allocation overhead
+// with zero I/O latency for profiling purposes.
+func BenchmarkProcessMappings_NoLatency(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, n := range []int{1000, 5000} {
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("n=%d", n), func(b *testing.B) {
+			mappings := generateHTTPMappings(n, proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED)
+			for range b.N {
+				s := benchServerWithLatency(b, 0, 0)
+				s.processMappings(b.Context(), mappings)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

proxy/server.go

@@ -32,9 +32,11 @@ import (
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric"
 	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
+	grpcstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/accesslog"
@@ -282,6 +284,7 @@ func (s *Server) ListenAndServe(ctx context.Context, addr string) (err error) {
 		WGPort:       s.WireguardPort,
 		PreSharedKey: s.PreSharedKey,
 	}, s.Logger, s, s.mgmtClient)
+	s.netbird.OnAddPeer = s.meter.RecordAddPeerDuration
 
 	// Create health checker before the mapping worker so it can track
 	// management connectivity from the first stream connection.
@@ -938,6 +941,9 @@ func (s *Server) newManagementMappingWorker(ctx context.Context, client proto.Pr
 		Clock:               backoff.SystemClock,
 	}
 
+	// syncSupported tracks whether management supports SyncMappings.
+	// Starts true; set to false on first Unimplemented error.
+	syncSupported := true
 	initialSyncDone := false
 
 	operation := func() error {
@@ -949,36 +955,25 @@ func (s *Server) newManagementMappingWorker(ctx context.Context, client proto.Pr
 			s.healthChecker.SetManagementConnected(false)
 		}
 
-		supportsCrowdSec := s.crowdsecRegistry.Available()
-		mappingClient, err := client.GetMappingUpdate(ctx, &proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest{
-			ProxyId:   s.ID,
-			Version:   s.Version,
-			StartedAt: timestamppb.New(s.startTime),
-			Address:   s.ProxyURL,
-			Capabilities: &proto.ProxyCapabilities{
-				SupportsCustomPorts: &s.SupportsCustomPorts,
-				RequireSubdomain:    &s.RequireSubdomain,
-				SupportsCrowdsec:    &supportsCrowdSec,
-			},
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("create mapping stream: %w", err)
+		var streamErr error
+		if syncSupported {
+			streamErr = s.trySyncMappings(ctx, client, &initialSyncDone)
+			if isSyncUnimplemented(streamErr) {
+				syncSupported = false
+				s.Logger.Info("management does not support SyncMappings, falling back to GetMappingUpdate")
+				streamErr = s.tryGetMappingUpdate(ctx, client, &initialSyncDone)
+			}
+		} else {
+			streamErr = s.tryGetMappingUpdate(ctx, client, &initialSyncDone)
 		}
 
-		if s.healthChecker != nil {
-			s.healthChecker.SetManagementConnected(true)
-		}
-		s.Logger.Debug("management mapping stream established")
-
-		// Stream established — reset backoff so the next failure retries quickly.
-		bo.Reset()
-
-		streamErr := s.handleMappingStream(ctx, mappingClient, &initialSyncDone)
-
 		if s.healthChecker != nil {
 			s.healthChecker.SetManagementConnected(false)
 		}
 
+		// Stream established — reset backoff so the next failure retries quickly.
+		bo.Reset()
+
 		if streamErr == nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("stream closed by server")
 		}
@@ -995,56 +990,187 @@ func (s *Server) newManagementMappingWorker(ctx context.Context, client proto.Pr
 	}
 }
 
-func (s *Server) handleMappingStream(ctx context.Context, mappingClient proto.ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateClient, initialSyncDone *bool) error {
+func (s *Server) proxyCapabilities() *proto.ProxyCapabilities {
+	supportsCrowdSec := s.crowdsecRegistry.Available()
+	return &proto.ProxyCapabilities{
+		SupportsCustomPorts: &s.SupportsCustomPorts,
+		RequireSubdomain:    &s.RequireSubdomain,
+		SupportsCrowdsec:    &supportsCrowdSec,
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Server) tryGetMappingUpdate(ctx context.Context, client proto.ProxyServiceClient, initialSyncDone *bool) error {
+	connectTime := time.Now()
+	mappingClient, err := client.GetMappingUpdate(ctx, &proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest{
+		ProxyId:      s.ID,
+		Version:      s.Version,
+		StartedAt:    timestamppb.New(s.startTime),
+		Address:      s.ProxyURL,
+		Capabilities: s.proxyCapabilities(),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create mapping stream: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if s.healthChecker != nil {
+		s.healthChecker.SetManagementConnected(true)
+	}
+	s.Logger.Debug("management mapping stream established (GetMappingUpdate)")
+
+	return s.handleMappingStream(ctx, mappingClient, initialSyncDone, connectTime)
+}
+
+func (s *Server) trySyncMappings(ctx context.Context, client proto.ProxyServiceClient, initialSyncDone *bool) error {
+	connectTime := time.Now()
+	stream, err := client.SyncMappings(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create sync stream: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Send init message.
+	if err := stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+		Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Init{
+			Init: &proto.SyncMappingsInit{
+				ProxyId:      s.ID,
+				Version:      s.Version,
+				StartedAt:    timestamppb.New(s.startTime),
+				Address:      s.ProxyURL,
+				Capabilities: s.proxyCapabilities(),
+			},
+		},
+	}); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("send sync init: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if s.healthChecker != nil {
+		s.healthChecker.SetManagementConnected(true)
+	}
+	s.Logger.Debug("management mapping stream established (SyncMappings)")
+
+	return s.handleSyncMappingsStream(ctx, stream, initialSyncDone, connectTime)
+}
+
+func isSyncUnimplemented(err error) bool {
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	st, ok := grpcstatus.FromError(err)
+	return ok && st.Code() == codes.Unimplemented
+}
+
+func (s *Server) handleSyncMappingsStream(ctx context.Context, stream proto.ProxyService_SyncMappingsClient, initialSyncDone *bool, connectTime time.Time) error {
 	select {
 	case <-s.routerReady:
 	case <-ctx.Done():
 		return ctx.Err()
 	}
 
-	var snapshotIDs map[types.ServiceID]struct{}
-	if !*initialSyncDone {
-		snapshotIDs = make(map[types.ServiceID]struct{})
-	}
+	tracker := s.newSnapshotTracker(initialSyncDone, connectTime)
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ctx.Err()
+		default:
+			msg, err := stream.Recv()
+			switch {
+			case errors.Is(err, io.EOF):
+				return nil
+			case err != nil:
+				return fmt.Errorf("receive msg: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			batchStart := time.Now()
+			s.Logger.Debug("Received mapping update, starting processing")
+			s.processMappings(ctx, msg.GetMapping())
+			s.Logger.Debug("Processing mapping update completed")
+			tracker.recordBatch(ctx, s, msg.GetMapping(), msg.GetInitialSyncComplete(), batchStart)
+
+			if err := stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+				Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Ack{Ack: &proto.SyncMappingsAck{}},
+			}); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("send ack: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Server) handleMappingStream(ctx context.Context, mappingClient proto.ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateClient, initialSyncDone *bool, connectTime time.Time) error {
+	select {
+	case <-s.routerReady:
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	}
+
+	tracker := s.newSnapshotTracker(initialSyncDone, connectTime)
 
 	for {
-		// Check for context completion to gracefully shutdown.
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
-			// Shutting down.
 			return ctx.Err()
 		default:
 			msg, err := mappingClient.Recv()
 			switch {
 			case errors.Is(err, io.EOF):
-				// Mapping connection gracefully terminated by server.
 				return nil
 			case err != nil:
-				// Something has gone horribly wrong, return and hope the parent retries the connection.
 				return fmt.Errorf("receive msg: %w", err)
 			}
+
+			batchStart := time.Now()
 			s.Logger.Debug("Received mapping update, starting processing")
 			s.processMappings(ctx, msg.GetMapping())
 			s.Logger.Debug("Processing mapping update completed")
-
-			if !*initialSyncDone {
-				for _, m := range msg.GetMapping() {
-					snapshotIDs[types.ServiceID(m.GetId())] = struct{}{}
-				}
-				if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
-					s.reconcileSnapshot(ctx, snapshotIDs)
-					snapshotIDs = nil
-					if s.healthChecker != nil {
-						s.healthChecker.SetInitialSyncComplete()
-					}
-					*initialSyncDone = true
-					s.Logger.Info("Initial mapping sync complete")
-				}
-			}
+			tracker.recordBatch(ctx, s, msg.GetMapping(), msg.GetInitialSyncComplete(), batchStart)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+// snapshotTracker accumulates service IDs during the initial snapshot and
+// finalises sync state when the complete flag arrives.
+type snapshotTracker struct {
+	done        *bool
+	connectTime time.Time
+	snapshotIDs map[types.ServiceID]struct{}
+}
+
+func (s *Server) newSnapshotTracker(done *bool, connectTime time.Time) *snapshotTracker {
+	var ids map[types.ServiceID]struct{}
+	if !*done {
+		ids = make(map[types.ServiceID]struct{})
+	}
+	return &snapshotTracker{done: done, connectTime: connectTime, snapshotIDs: ids}
+}
+
+func (t *snapshotTracker) recordBatch(ctx context.Context, s *Server, mappings []*proto.ProxyMapping, syncComplete bool, batchStart time.Time) {
+	if *t.done {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if s.meter != nil {
+		s.meter.RecordSnapshotBatchDuration(time.Since(batchStart))
+	}
+
+	for _, m := range mappings {
+		t.snapshotIDs[types.ServiceID(m.GetId())] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	if !syncComplete {
+		return
+	}
+
+	s.reconcileSnapshot(ctx, t.snapshotIDs)
+	t.snapshotIDs = nil
+	if s.healthChecker != nil {
+		s.healthChecker.SetInitialSyncComplete()
+	}
+	*t.done = true
+	if s.meter != nil {
+		s.meter.RecordSnapshotSyncDuration(time.Since(t.connectTime))
+	}
+	s.Logger.Info("Initial mapping sync complete")
+}
+
 // reconcileSnapshot removes local mappings that are absent from the snapshot.
 // This ensures services deleted while the proxy was disconnected get cleaned up.
 func (s *Server) reconcileSnapshot(ctx context.Context, snapshotIDs map[types.ServiceID]struct{}) {
@@ -1067,6 +1193,8 @@ func (s *Server) reconcileSnapshot(ctx context.Context, snapshotIDs map[types.Se
 }
 
 func (s *Server) processMappings(ctx context.Context, mappings []*proto.ProxyMapping) {
+	s.ensurePeers(ctx, mappings)
+
 	for _, mapping := range mappings {
 		s.Logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
 			"type":   mapping.GetType(),
@@ -1100,6 +1228,60 @@ func (s *Server) processMappings(ctx context.Context, mappings []*proto.ProxyMap
 	}
 }
 
+// ensurePeers pre-creates NetBird peers for all unique accounts referenced by
+// CREATED mappings. Peers for different accounts are created concurrently,
+// which avoids serializing N×100ms gRPC round-trips during large initial syncs.
+func (s *Server) ensurePeers(ctx context.Context, mappings []*proto.ProxyMapping) {
+	// Collect one representative mapping per account that needs a new peer.
+	type peerReq struct {
+		accountID types.AccountID
+		svcKey    roundtrip.ServiceKey
+		authToken string
+		svcID     types.ServiceID
+	}
+	seen := make(map[types.AccountID]struct{})
+	var reqs []peerReq
+	for _, m := range mappings {
+		if m.GetType() != proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED {
+			continue
+		}
+		accountID := types.AccountID(m.GetAccountId())
+		if _, ok := seen[accountID]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[accountID] = struct{}{}
+		if s.netbird.HasClient(accountID) {
+			continue
+		}
+		reqs = append(reqs, peerReq{
+			accountID: accountID,
+			svcKey:    s.serviceKeyForMapping(m),
+			authToken: m.GetAuthToken(),
+			svcID:     types.ServiceID(m.GetId()),
+		})
+	}
+
+	if len(reqs) <= 1 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(len(reqs))
+	for _, r := range reqs {
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			if err := s.netbird.AddPeer(ctx, r.accountID, r.svcKey, r.authToken, r.svcID); err != nil {
+				s.Logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+					"account_id": r.accountID,
+					"service_id": r.svcID,
+					"error":      err,
+				}).Warn("failed to pre-create peer for account")
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
 // addMapping registers a service mapping and starts the appropriate relay or routes.
 func (s *Server) addMapping(ctx context.Context, mapping *proto.ProxyMapping) error {
 	accountID := types.AccountID(mapping.GetAccountId())

proxy/snapshot_reconcile_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"io"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ func TestHandleMappingStream_BatchedSnapshotSyncComplete(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	syncDone := false
-	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone)
+	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone, time.Time{})
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.True(t, syncDone, "sync should be marked done after final batch")
 }
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ func TestHandleMappingStream_PostSyncDoesNotReconcile(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	syncDone := true // sync already completed in a previous stream
-	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone)
+	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone, time.Time{})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	assert.Len(t, s.lastMappings, 2,
@@ -185,7 +186,7 @@ func TestHandleMappingStream_ImmediateEOF_NoReconciliation(t *testing.T) {
 	stream := &mockMappingStream{} // no messages → immediate EOF
 
 	syncDone := false
-	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone)
+	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone, time.Time{})
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.False(t, syncDone, "sync should not be marked done on immediate EOF")
 
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ func TestHandleMappingStream_ErrorMidSync_NoReconciliation(t *testing.T) {
 	s.lastMappings["svc-stale"] = &proto.ProxyMapping{Id: "svc-stale", AccountId: "acct-1"}
 
 	syncDone := false
-	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), &mockErrRecvStream{}, &syncDone)
+	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), &mockErrRecvStream{}, &syncDone, time.Time{})
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 	assert.False(t, syncDone)
 

proxy/sync_mappings_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,525 @@
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
+	grpcstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+func TestIntegration_SyncMappings_HappyPath(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupIntegrationTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(setup.grpcAddr, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	stream, err := client.SyncMappings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Send init.
+	err = stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+		Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Init{
+			Init: &proto.SyncMappingsInit{
+				ProxyId: "sync-proxy-1",
+				Version: "test-v1",
+				Address: "test.proxy.io",
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	mappingsByID := make(map[string]*proto.ProxyMapping)
+	for {
+		msg, err := stream.Recv()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		for _, m := range msg.GetMapping() {
+			mappingsByID[m.GetId()] = m
+		}
+
+		// Ack every batch.
+		err = stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+			Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Ack{Ack: &proto.SyncMappingsAck{}},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	assert.Len(t, mappingsByID, 2, "Should receive 2 mappings")
+
+	rp1 := mappingsByID["rp-1"]
+	require.NotNil(t, rp1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "app1.test.proxy.io", rp1.GetDomain())
+	assert.Equal(t, "test-account-1", rp1.GetAccountId())
+	assert.Equal(t, proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED, rp1.GetType())
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, rp1.GetAuthToken(), "Should have auth token")
+
+	rp2 := mappingsByID["rp-2"]
+	require.NotNil(t, rp2)
+	assert.Equal(t, "app2.test.proxy.io", rp2.GetDomain())
+}
+
+func TestIntegration_SyncMappings_BackPressure(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupIntegrationTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	// Add enough services to guarantee multiple batches (default batch size 500).
+	addServicesToStore(t, setup, 600, "test.proxy.io")
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(setup.grpcAddr, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	stream, err := client.SyncMappings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+		Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Init{
+			Init: &proto.SyncMappingsInit{
+				ProxyId: "sync-proxy-backpressure",
+				Version: "test-v1",
+				Address: "test.proxy.io",
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Strategy: receive batch 1, then hold for a significant delay before
+	// acking. If back-pressure works, batch 2 cannot arrive until after
+	// the ack is sent — so its receive timestamp must be >= the ack
+	// timestamp. If management were fire-and-forget, all batches would
+	// already be buffered in the gRPC transport and batch 2 would arrive
+	// well before the ack time.
+	const ackDelay = 300 * time.Millisecond
+
+	type batchEvent struct {
+		recvAt time.Time
+		ackAt  time.Time
+		count  int
+	}
+	var batches []batchEvent
+	var totalMappings int
+
+	for {
+		msg, err := stream.Recv()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		recvAt := time.Now()
+		totalMappings += len(msg.GetMapping())
+
+		// Delay the ack on non-final batches to create a measurable gap.
+		if !msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+			time.Sleep(ackDelay)
+		}
+
+		ackAt := time.Now()
+		batches = append(batches, batchEvent{
+			recvAt: recvAt,
+			ackAt:  ackAt,
+			count:  len(msg.GetMapping()),
+		})
+
+		err = stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+			Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Ack{Ack: &proto.SyncMappingsAck{}},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 2 original + 600 added = 602 services total.
+	assert.Equal(t, 602, totalMappings, "should receive all 602 mappings")
+	require.GreaterOrEqual(t, len(batches), 2, "need at least 2 batches to verify back-pressure")
+
+	// For every batch after the first, its receive time must be after the
+	// previous batch's ack time. This proves management waited for the ack
+	// before sending the next batch.
+	for i := 1; i < len(batches); i++ {
+		prevAckAt := batches[i-1].ackAt
+		thisRecvAt := batches[i].recvAt
+		assert.True(t, !thisRecvAt.Before(prevAckAt),
+			"batch %d received at %v, but batch %d was acked at %v — "+
+				"management sent the next batch before receiving the ack",
+			i, thisRecvAt, i-1, prevAckAt)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIntegration_SyncMappings_IncrementalUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupIntegrationTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(setup.grpcAddr, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	stream, err := client.SyncMappings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+		Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Init{
+			Init: &proto.SyncMappingsInit{
+				ProxyId: "sync-proxy-incremental",
+				Version: "test-v1",
+				Address: "test.proxy.io",
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Drain initial snapshot.
+	for {
+		msg, err := stream.Recv()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		err = stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+			Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Ack{Ack: &proto.SyncMappingsAck{}},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Now send an incremental update via the management server.
+	setup.proxyService.SendServiceUpdate(&proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
+		Mapping: []*proto.ProxyMapping{{
+			Type:      proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_REMOVED,
+			Id:        "rp-1",
+			AccountId: "test-account-1",
+			Domain:    "app1.test.proxy.io",
+		}},
+	})
+
+	// Receive the incremental update on the sync stream.
+	msg, err := stream.Recv()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, msg.GetMapping())
+	assert.Equal(t, "rp-1", msg.GetMapping()[0].GetId())
+	assert.Equal(t, proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_REMOVED, msg.GetMapping()[0].GetType())
+}
+
+func TestIntegration_SyncMappings_MixedProxyVersions(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupIntegrationTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(setup.grpcAddr, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// Old proxy uses GetMappingUpdate.
+	legacyStream, err := client.GetMappingUpdate(ctx, &proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest{
+		ProxyId: "legacy-proxy",
+		Version: "old-v1",
+		Address: "test.proxy.io",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var legacyMappings []*proto.ProxyMapping
+	for {
+		msg, err := legacyStream.Recv()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		legacyMappings = append(legacyMappings, msg.GetMapping()...)
+		if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	// New proxy uses SyncMappings.
+	syncStream, err := client.SyncMappings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = syncStream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+		Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Init{
+			Init: &proto.SyncMappingsInit{
+				ProxyId: "new-proxy",
+				Version: "new-v2",
+				Address: "test.proxy.io",
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var syncMappings []*proto.ProxyMapping
+	for {
+		msg, err := syncStream.Recv()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		syncMappings = append(syncMappings, msg.GetMapping()...)
+
+		err = syncStream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+			Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Ack{Ack: &proto.SyncMappingsAck{}},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Both should receive the same set of mappings.
+	assert.Equal(t, len(legacyMappings), len(syncMappings),
+		"legacy and sync proxies should receive the same number of mappings")
+
+	legacyIDs := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, m := range legacyMappings {
+		legacyIDs[m.GetId()] = true
+	}
+	for _, m := range syncMappings {
+		assert.True(t, legacyIDs[m.GetId()],
+			"mapping %s should be present in both streams", m.GetId())
+	}
+
+	// Both proxies should be connected.
+	proxies := setup.proxyService.GetConnectedProxies()
+	assert.Contains(t, proxies, "legacy-proxy")
+	assert.Contains(t, proxies, "new-proxy")
+
+	// Both should receive incremental updates.
+	setup.proxyService.SendServiceUpdate(&proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
+		Mapping: []*proto.ProxyMapping{{
+			Type:      proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_REMOVED,
+			Id:        "rp-1",
+			AccountId: "test-account-1",
+			Domain:    "app1.test.proxy.io",
+		}},
+	})
+
+	// Legacy proxy receives via GetMappingUpdateResponse.
+	legacyMsg, err := legacyStream.Recv()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "rp-1", legacyMsg.GetMapping()[0].GetId())
+
+	// Sync proxy receives via SyncMappingsResponse.
+	syncMsg, err := syncStream.Recv()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "rp-1", syncMsg.GetMapping()[0].GetId())
+}
+
+func TestIntegration_SyncMappings_Reconnect(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupIntegrationTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(setup.grpcAddr, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+	proxyID := "sync-proxy-reconnect"
+
+	receiveMappings := func() []*proto.ProxyMapping {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+		defer cancel()
+
+		stream, err := client.SyncMappings(ctx)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		err = stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+			Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Init{
+				Init: &proto.SyncMappingsInit{
+					ProxyId: proxyID,
+					Version: "test-v1",
+					Address: "test.proxy.io",
+				},
+			},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		var mappings []*proto.ProxyMapping
+		for {
+			msg, err := stream.Recv()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			mappings = append(mappings, msg.GetMapping()...)
+
+			err = stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+				Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Ack{Ack: &proto.SyncMappingsAck{}},
+			})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		return mappings
+	}
+
+	first := receiveMappings()
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	second := receiveMappings()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, len(first), len(second),
+		"should receive same mappings on reconnect")
+
+	firstIDs := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, m := range first {
+		firstIDs[m.GetId()] = true
+	}
+	for _, m := range second {
+		assert.True(t, firstIDs[m.GetId()],
+			"mapping %s should be present in both connections", m.GetId())
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Fallback tests: old management returns Unimplemented ---
+
+// unimplementedProxyServer embeds UnimplementedProxyServiceServer so
+// SyncMappings returns codes.Unimplemented while GetMappingUpdate works.
+type unimplementedSyncServer struct {
+	proto.UnimplementedProxyServiceServer
+	getMappingCalls atomic.Int32
+}
+
+func (s *unimplementedSyncServer) GetMappingUpdate(_ *proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest, stream proto.ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateServer) error {
+	s.getMappingCalls.Add(1)
+	return stream.Send(&proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
+		Mapping:             []*proto.ProxyMapping{{Id: "svc-1", AccountId: "acct-1", Domain: "example.com"}},
+		InitialSyncComplete: true,
+	})
+}
+
+func TestIntegration_FallbackToGetMappingUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	// Start a gRPC server that does NOT implement SyncMappings.
+	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	srv := &unimplementedSyncServer{}
+	grpcServer := grpc.NewServer()
+	proto.RegisterProxyServiceServer(grpcServer, srv)
+	go func() { _ = grpcServer.Serve(lis) }()
+	defer grpcServer.GracefulStop()
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(lis.Addr().String(), grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+
+	// Try SyncMappings — should get Unimplemented.
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	stream, err := client.SyncMappings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+		Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Init{
+			Init: &proto.SyncMappingsInit{
+				ProxyId: "test-proxy",
+				Address: "test.example.com",
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = stream.Recv()
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	st, ok := grpcstatus.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, codes.Unimplemented, st.Code(),
+		"unimplemented SyncMappings should return Unimplemented code")
+
+	// isSyncUnimplemented should detect this.
+	assert.True(t, isSyncUnimplemented(err))
+
+	// The actual fallback: GetMappingUpdate should work.
+	legacyStream, err := client.GetMappingUpdate(ctx, &proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest{
+		ProxyId: "test-proxy",
+		Address: "test.example.com",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	msg, err := legacyStream.Recv()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, msg.GetInitialSyncComplete())
+	assert.Len(t, msg.GetMapping(), 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), srv.getMappingCalls.Load())
+}
+
+func TestIsSyncUnimplemented(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		err  error
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"nil error", nil, false},
+		{"non-grpc error", errors.New("random"), false},
+		{"grpc internal", grpcstatus.Error(codes.Internal, "fail"), false},
+		{"grpc unavailable", grpcstatus.Error(codes.Unavailable, "fail"), false},
+		{"grpc unimplemented", grpcstatus.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method not found"), true},
+		{
+			"wrapped unimplemented",
+			fmt.Errorf("create sync stream: %w", grpcstatus.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "nope")),
+			// grpc/status.FromError unwraps in recent versions of grpc-go.
+			true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, isSyncUnimplemented(tt.err))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// addServicesToStore adds n extra services to the test store for the given cluster.
+func addServicesToStore(t *testing.T, setup *integrationTestSetup, n int, cluster string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		svc := &service.Service{
+			ID:           fmt.Sprintf("extra-svc-%d", i),
+			AccountID:    "test-account-1",
+			Name:         fmt.Sprintf("Extra Service %d", i),
+			Domain:       fmt.Sprintf("extra-%d.test.proxy.io", i),
+			ProxyCluster: cluster,
+			Enabled:      true,
+			Targets: []*service.Target{{
+				Path:       strPtr("/"),
+				Host:       fmt.Sprintf("10.0.1.%d", i%256),
+				Port:       8080,
+				Protocol:   "http",
+				TargetId:   fmt.Sprintf("peer-extra-%d", i),
+				TargetType: "peer",
+				Enabled:    true,
+			}},
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, setup.store.CreateService(ctx, svc))
+	}
+}

shared/management/http/api/openapi.yml

@@ -3417,19 +3417,43 @@ components:
           type: string
           description: Cluster address used for CNAME targets
           example: "eu.proxy.netbird.io"
+        type:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/ProxyClusterType'
+        online:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether at least one proxy in the cluster has heartbeated within the active window
+          example: true
         connected_proxies:
           type: integer
-          description: Number of proxy nodes connected in this cluster
+          description: Number of proxy nodes currently connected (heartbeat within the active window)
           example: 3
-        self_hosted:
+        supports_custom_ports:
           type: boolean
-          description: Whether this cluster is a self-hosted (BYOP) proxy managed by the account owner
+          description: Whether the cluster supports binding arbitrary TCP/UDP ports
+          example: true
+        require_subdomain:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether services on this cluster must include a subdomain label
+          example: false
+        supports_crowdsec:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether all active proxies in the cluster have CrowdSec configured
           example: false
       required:
         - id
         - address
+        - type
+        - online
         - connected_proxies
-        - self_hosted
+    ProxyClusterType:
+      type: string
+      description: |
+        Source of the proxy cluster. `account` clusters are owned and operated by the account (BYOP);
+        `shared` clusters are operated by NetBird and shared across accounts.
+      enum:
+        - account
+        - shared
+      example: shared
     ReverseProxyDomainType:
       type: string
       description: Type of Reverse Proxy Domain

shared/management/http/api/types.gen.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Package api provides primitives to interact with the openapi HTTP API.
 //
-// Code generated by github.com/oapi-codegen/oapi-codegen/v2 version v2.6.0 DO NOT EDIT.
+// Code generated by github.com/oapi-codegen/oapi-codegen/v2 version v2.7.0 DO NOT EDIT.
 package api
 
 import (
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	BearerAuthScopes = "BearerAuth.Scopes"
-	TokenAuthScopes  = "TokenAuth.Scopes"
+	BearerAuthScopes bearerAuthContextKey = "BearerAuth.Scopes"
+	TokenAuthScopes  tokenAuthContextKey  = "TokenAuth.Scopes"
 )
 
 // Defines values for AccessRestrictionsCrowdsecMode.
@@ -511,6 +511,7 @@ func (e GroupMinimumIssued) Valid() bool {
 
 // Defines values for IdentityProviderType.
 const (
+	IdentityProviderTypeAdfs      IdentityProviderType = "adfs"
 	IdentityProviderTypeEntra     IdentityProviderType = "entra"
 	IdentityProviderTypeGoogle    IdentityProviderType = "google"
 	IdentityProviderTypeMicrosoft IdentityProviderType = "microsoft"
@@ -518,12 +519,13 @@ const (
 	IdentityProviderTypeOkta      IdentityProviderType = "okta"
 	IdentityProviderTypePocketid  IdentityProviderType = "pocketid"
 	IdentityProviderTypeZitadel   IdentityProviderType = "zitadel"
-	IdentityProviderTypeAdfs      IdentityProviderType = "adfs"
 )
 
 // Valid indicates whether the value is a known member of the IdentityProviderType enum.
 func (e IdentityProviderType) Valid() bool {
 	switch e {
+	case IdentityProviderTypeAdfs:
+		return true
 	case IdentityProviderTypeEntra:
 		return true
 	case IdentityProviderTypeGoogle:
@@ -538,8 +540,6 @@ func (e IdentityProviderType) Valid() bool {
 		return true
 	case IdentityProviderTypeZitadel:
 		return true
-	case IdentityProviderTypeAdfs:
-		return true
 	default:
 		return false
 	}
@@ -878,6 +878,24 @@ func (e PolicyRuleUpdateProtocol) Valid() bool {
 	}
 }
 
+// Defines values for ProxyClusterType.
+const (
+	ProxyClusterTypeAccount ProxyClusterType = "account"
+	ProxyClusterTypeShared  ProxyClusterType = "shared"
+)
+
+// Valid indicates whether the value is a known member of the ProxyClusterType enum.
+func (e ProxyClusterType) Valid() bool {
+	switch e {
+	case ProxyClusterTypeAccount:
+		return true
+	case ProxyClusterTypeShared:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
 // Defines values for ResourceType.
 const (
 	ResourceTypeDomain ResourceType = "domain"
@@ -1638,7 +1656,9 @@ type Checks struct {
 	// OsVersionCheck Posture check for the version of operating system
 	OsVersionCheck *OSVersionCheck `json:"os_version_check,omitempty"`
 
-	// PeerNetworkRangeCheck Posture check for allow or deny access based on the peer's IP addresses. A range matches when it contains any of the peer's local network interface IPs or its public connection (NAT egress) IP, so ranges may target private subnets, public CIDRs, or single hosts via a /32 or /128.
+	// PeerNetworkRangeCheck Posture check for allow or deny access based on the peer's IP addresses. A range matches when it
+	// contains any of the peer's local network interface IPs or its public connection (NAT egress) IP,
+	// so ranges may target private subnets, public CIDRs, or single hosts via a /32 or /128.
 	PeerNetworkRangeCheck *PeerNetworkRangeCheck `json:"peer_network_range_check,omitempty"`
 
 	// ProcessCheck Posture Check for binaries exist and are running in the peer’s system
@@ -3330,7 +3350,9 @@ type PeerMinimum struct {
 	Name string `json:"name"`
 }
 
-// PeerNetworkRangeCheck Posture check for allow or deny access based on the peer's IP addresses. A range matches when it contains any of the peer's local network interface IPs or its public connection (NAT egress) IP, so ranges may target private subnets, public CIDRs, or single hosts via a /32 or /128.
+// PeerNetworkRangeCheck Posture check for allow or deny access based on the peer's IP addresses. A range matches when it
+// contains any of the peer's local network interface IPs or its public connection (NAT egress) IP,
+// so ranges may target private subnets, public CIDRs, or single hosts via a /32 or /128.
 type PeerNetworkRangeCheck struct {
 	// Action Action to take upon policy match
 	Action PeerNetworkRangeCheckAction `json:"action"`
@@ -3785,19 +3807,36 @@ type ProxyAccessLogsResponse struct {
 
 // ProxyCluster A proxy cluster represents a group of proxy nodes serving the same address
 type ProxyCluster struct {
-	// Id Unique identifier of a proxy in this cluster
-	Id string `json:"id"`
-
 	// Address Cluster address used for CNAME targets
 	Address string `json:"address"`
 
-	// ConnectedProxies Number of proxy nodes connected in this cluster
+	// ConnectedProxies Number of proxy nodes currently connected (heartbeat within the active window)
 	ConnectedProxies int `json:"connected_proxies"`
 
-	// SelfHosted Whether this cluster is a self-hosted (BYOP) proxy managed by the account owner
-	SelfHosted bool `json:"self_hosted"`
+	// Id Unique identifier of a proxy in this cluster
+	Id string `json:"id"`
+
+	// Online Whether at least one proxy in the cluster has heartbeated within the active window
+	Online bool `json:"online"`
+
+	// RequireSubdomain Whether services on this cluster must include a subdomain label
+	RequireSubdomain *bool `json:"require_subdomain,omitempty"`
+
+	// SupportsCrowdsec Whether all active proxies in the cluster have CrowdSec configured
+	SupportsCrowdsec *bool `json:"supports_crowdsec,omitempty"`
+
+	// SupportsCustomPorts Whether the cluster supports binding arbitrary TCP/UDP ports
+	SupportsCustomPorts *bool `json:"supports_custom_ports,omitempty"`
+
+	// Type Source of the proxy cluster. `account` clusters are owned and operated by the account (BYOP);
+	// `shared` clusters are operated by NetBird and shared across accounts.
+	Type ProxyClusterType `json:"type"`
 }
 
+// ProxyClusterType Source of the proxy cluster. `account` clusters are owned and operated by the account (BYOP);
+// `shared` clusters are operated by NetBird and shared across accounts.
+type ProxyClusterType string
+
 // ProxyToken defines model for ProxyToken.
 type ProxyToken struct {
 	CreatedAt time.Time  `json:"created_at"`
@@ -4820,6 +4859,12 @@ type ZoneRequest struct {
 // Conflict Standard error response. Note: The exact structure of this error response is inferred from `util.WriteErrorResponse` and `util.WriteError` usage in the provided Go code, as a specific Go struct for errors was not provided.
 type Conflict = ErrorResponse
 
+// bearerAuthContextKey is the context key for BearerAuth security scheme
+type bearerAuthContextKey string
+
+// tokenAuthContextKey is the context key for TokenAuth security scheme
+type tokenAuthContextKey string
+
 // GetApiEventsNetworkTrafficParams defines parameters for GetApiEventsNetworkTraffic.
 type GetApiEventsNetworkTrafficParams struct {
 	// Page Page number

shared/management/proto/proxy_service.pb.go

@@ -1970,6 +1970,269 @@ func (x *ValidateSessionResponse) GetDeniedReason() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+// SyncMappingsRequest is sent by the proxy on the bidirectional SyncMappings
+// stream. The first message MUST be an init; all subsequent messages MUST be
+// acks.
+type SyncMappingsRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// Types that are assignable to Msg:
+	//
+	//	*SyncMappingsRequest_Init
+	//	*SyncMappingsRequest_Ack
+	Msg isSyncMappingsRequest_Msg `protobuf_oneof:"msg"`
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = SyncMappingsRequest{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[25]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*SyncMappingsRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[25]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use SyncMappingsRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*SyncMappingsRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{25}
+}
+
+func (m *SyncMappingsRequest) GetMsg() isSyncMappingsRequest_Msg {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.Msg
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsRequest) GetInit() *SyncMappingsInit {
+	if x, ok := x.GetMsg().(*SyncMappingsRequest_Init); ok {
+		return x.Init
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsRequest) GetAck() *SyncMappingsAck {
+	if x, ok := x.GetMsg().(*SyncMappingsRequest_Ack); ok {
+		return x.Ack
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type isSyncMappingsRequest_Msg interface {
+	isSyncMappingsRequest_Msg()
+}
+
+type SyncMappingsRequest_Init struct {
+	Init *SyncMappingsInit `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=init,proto3,oneof"`
+}
+
+type SyncMappingsRequest_Ack struct {
+	Ack *SyncMappingsAck `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=ack,proto3,oneof"`
+}
+
+func (*SyncMappingsRequest_Init) isSyncMappingsRequest_Msg() {}
+
+func (*SyncMappingsRequest_Ack) isSyncMappingsRequest_Msg() {}
+
+// SyncMappingsInit is the first message on the stream, carrying the same
+// identification fields as GetMappingUpdateRequest.
+type SyncMappingsInit struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	ProxyId      string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=proxy_id,json=proxyId,proto3" json:"proxy_id,omitempty"`
+	Version      string                 `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=version,proto3" json:"version,omitempty"`
+	StartedAt    *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=started_at,json=startedAt,proto3" json:"started_at,omitempty"`
+	Address      string                 `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=address,proto3" json:"address,omitempty"`
+	Capabilities *ProxyCapabilities     `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=capabilities,proto3" json:"capabilities,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsInit) Reset() {
+	*x = SyncMappingsInit{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[26]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsInit) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*SyncMappingsInit) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsInit) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[26]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use SyncMappingsInit.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*SyncMappingsInit) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{26}
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsInit) GetProxyId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ProxyId
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsInit) GetVersion() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Version
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsInit) GetStartedAt() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.StartedAt
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsInit) GetAddress() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Address
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsInit) GetCapabilities() *ProxyCapabilities {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Capabilities
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SyncMappingsAck is sent by the proxy after it has fully processed a batch.
+// Management waits for this before sending the next batch.
+type SyncMappingsAck struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsAck) Reset() {
+	*x = SyncMappingsAck{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[27]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsAck) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*SyncMappingsAck) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsAck) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[27]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use SyncMappingsAck.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*SyncMappingsAck) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{27}
+}
+
+// SyncMappingsResponse is a batch of mappings sent by management.
+// Identical semantics to GetMappingUpdateResponse.
+type SyncMappingsResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	Mapping []*ProxyMapping `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=mapping,proto3" json:"mapping,omitempty"`
+	// initial_sync_complete is set on the last message of the initial snapshot.
+	InitialSyncComplete bool `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=initial_sync_complete,json=initialSyncComplete,proto3" json:"initial_sync_complete,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = SyncMappingsResponse{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[28]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*SyncMappingsResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[28]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use SyncMappingsResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*SyncMappingsResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{28}
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsResponse) GetMapping() []*ProxyMapping {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Mapping
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsResponse) GetInitialSyncComplete() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.InitialSyncComplete
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 var File_proxy_service_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
 
 var file_proxy_service_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
@@ -2254,37 +2517,74 @@ var file_proxy_service_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
 	0x18, 0x03, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x09, 0x75, 0x73, 0x65, 0x72, 0x45, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x69,
 	0x6c, 0x12, 0x23, 0x0a, 0x0d, 0x64, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x69, 0x65, 0x64, 0x5f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73,
 	0x6f, 0x6e, 0x18, 0x04, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x0c, 0x64, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x69, 0x65, 0x64,
-	0x52, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x2a, 0x64, 0x0a, 0x16, 0x50, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x78, 0x79, 0x4d,
-	0x61, 0x70, 0x70, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x55, 0x70, 0x64, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x54, 0x79, 0x70, 0x65,
-	0x12, 0x17, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x55, 0x50, 0x44, 0x41, 0x54, 0x45, 0x5f, 0x54, 0x59, 0x50, 0x45, 0x5f,
-	0x43, 0x52, 0x45, 0x41, 0x54, 0x45, 0x44, 0x10, 0x00, 0x12, 0x18, 0x0a, 0x14, 0x55, 0x50, 0x44,
-	0x41, 0x54, 0x45, 0x5f, 0x54, 0x59, 0x50, 0x45, 0x5f, 0x4d, 0x4f, 0x44, 0x49, 0x46, 0x49, 0x45,
-	0x44, 0x10, 0x01, 0x12, 0x17, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x55, 0x50, 0x44, 0x41, 0x54, 0x45, 0x5f, 0x54, 0x59,
-	0x50, 0x45, 0x5f, 0x52, 0x45, 0x4d, 0x4f, 0x56, 0x45, 0x44, 0x10, 0x02, 0x2a, 0x46, 0x0a, 0x0f,
-	0x50, 0x61, 0x74, 0x68, 0x52, 0x65, 0x77, 0x72, 0x69, 0x74, 0x65, 0x4d, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x65, 0x12,
-	0x18, 0x0a, 0x14, 0x50, 0x41, 0x54, 0x48, 0x5f, 0x52, 0x45, 0x57, 0x52, 0x49, 0x54, 0x45, 0x5f,
-	0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x41, 0x55, 0x4c, 0x54, 0x10, 0x00, 0x12, 0x19, 0x0a, 0x15, 0x50, 0x41, 0x54,
-	0x48, 0x5f, 0x52, 0x45, 0x57, 0x52, 0x49, 0x54, 0x45, 0x5f, 0x50, 0x52, 0x45, 0x53, 0x45, 0x52,
-	0x56, 0x45, 0x10, 0x01, 0x2a, 0xc8, 0x01, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x50, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x78, 0x79, 0x53, 0x74,
-	0x61, 0x74, 0x75, 0x73, 0x12, 0x18, 0x0a, 0x14, 0x50, 0x52, 0x4f, 0x58, 0x59, 0x5f, 0x53, 0x54,
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@@ -2334,7 +2634,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
 }
 
 var file_proxy_service_proto_enumTypes = make([]protoimpl.EnumInfo, 3)
-var file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 27)
+var file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 31)
 var file_proxy_service_proto_goTypes = []interface{}{
 	(ProxyMappingUpdateType)(0),      // 0: management.ProxyMappingUpdateType
 	(PathRewriteMode)(0),             // 1: management.PathRewriteMode
@@ -2364,19 +2664,23 @@ var file_proxy_service_proto_goTypes = []interface{}{
 	(*GetOIDCURLResponse)(nil),       // 25: management.GetOIDCURLResponse
 	(*ValidateSessionRequest)(nil),   // 26: management.ValidateSessionRequest
 	(*ValidateSessionResponse)(nil),  // 27: management.ValidateSessionResponse
-	nil,                              // 28: management.PathTargetOptions.CustomHeadersEntry
-	nil,                              // 29: management.AccessLog.MetadataEntry
-	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),    // 30: google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	(*durationpb.Duration)(nil),      // 31: google.protobuf.Duration
+	(*SyncMappingsRequest)(nil),      // 28: management.SyncMappingsRequest
+	(*SyncMappingsInit)(nil),         // 29: management.SyncMappingsInit
+	(*SyncMappingsAck)(nil),          // 30: management.SyncMappingsAck
+	(*SyncMappingsResponse)(nil),     // 31: management.SyncMappingsResponse
+	nil,                              // 32: management.PathTargetOptions.CustomHeadersEntry
+	nil,                              // 33: management.AccessLog.MetadataEntry
+	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),    // 34: google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	(*durationpb.Duration)(nil),      // 35: google.protobuf.Duration
 }
 var file_proxy_service_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
-	30, // 0: management.GetMappingUpdateRequest.started_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	34, // 0: management.GetMappingUpdateRequest.started_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
 	3,  // 1: management.GetMappingUpdateRequest.capabilities:type_name -> management.ProxyCapabilities
 	11, // 2: management.GetMappingUpdateResponse.mapping:type_name -> management.ProxyMapping
-	31, // 3: management.PathTargetOptions.request_timeout:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	35, // 3: management.PathTargetOptions.request_timeout:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
 	1,  // 4: management.PathTargetOptions.path_rewrite:type_name -> management.PathRewriteMode
-	28, // 5: management.PathTargetOptions.custom_headers:type_name -> management.PathTargetOptions.CustomHeadersEntry
-	31, // 6: management.PathTargetOptions.session_idle_timeout:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	32, // 5: management.PathTargetOptions.custom_headers:type_name -> management.PathTargetOptions.CustomHeadersEntry
+	35, // 6: management.PathTargetOptions.session_idle_timeout:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
 	6,  // 7: management.PathMapping.options:type_name -> management.PathTargetOptions
 	8,  // 8: management.Authentication.header_auths:type_name -> management.HeaderAuth
 	0,  // 9: management.ProxyMapping.type:type_name -> management.ProxyMappingUpdateType
@@ -2384,31 +2688,38 @@ var file_proxy_service_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	9,  // 11: management.ProxyMapping.auth:type_name -> management.Authentication
 	10, // 12: management.ProxyMapping.access_restrictions:type_name -> management.AccessRestrictions
 	14, // 13: management.SendAccessLogRequest.log:type_name -> management.AccessLog
-	30, // 14: management.AccessLog.timestamp:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	29, // 15: management.AccessLog.metadata:type_name -> management.AccessLog.MetadataEntry
+	34, // 14: management.AccessLog.timestamp:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	33, // 15: management.AccessLog.metadata:type_name -> management.AccessLog.MetadataEntry
 	17, // 16: management.AuthenticateRequest.password:type_name -> management.PasswordRequest
 	18, // 17: management.AuthenticateRequest.pin:type_name -> management.PinRequest
 	16, // 18: management.AuthenticateRequest.header_auth:type_name -> management.HeaderAuthRequest
 	2,  // 19: management.SendStatusUpdateRequest.status:type_name -> management.ProxyStatus
-	4,  // 20: management.ProxyService.GetMappingUpdate:input_type -> management.GetMappingUpdateRequest
-	12, // 21: management.ProxyService.SendAccessLog:input_type -> management.SendAccessLogRequest
-	15, // 22: management.ProxyService.Authenticate:input_type -> management.AuthenticateRequest
-	20, // 23: management.ProxyService.SendStatusUpdate:input_type -> management.SendStatusUpdateRequest
-	22, // 24: management.ProxyService.CreateProxyPeer:input_type -> management.CreateProxyPeerRequest
-	24, // 25: management.ProxyService.GetOIDCURL:input_type -> management.GetOIDCURLRequest
-	26, // 26: management.ProxyService.ValidateSession:input_type -> management.ValidateSessionRequest
-	5,  // 27: management.ProxyService.GetMappingUpdate:output_type -> management.GetMappingUpdateResponse
-	13, // 28: management.ProxyService.SendAccessLog:output_type -> management.SendAccessLogResponse
-	19, // 29: management.ProxyService.Authenticate:output_type -> management.AuthenticateResponse
-	21, // 30: management.ProxyService.SendStatusUpdate:output_type -> management.SendStatusUpdateResponse
-	23, // 31: management.ProxyService.CreateProxyPeer:output_type -> management.CreateProxyPeerResponse
-	25, // 32: management.ProxyService.GetOIDCURL:output_type -> management.GetOIDCURLResponse
-	27, // 33: management.ProxyService.ValidateSession:output_type -> management.ValidateSessionResponse
-	27, // [27:34] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	20, // [20:27] is the sub-list for method input_type
-	20, // [20:20] is the sub-list for extension type_name
-	20, // [20:20] is the sub-list for extension extendee
-	0,  // [0:20] is the sub-list for field type_name
+	29, // 20: management.SyncMappingsRequest.init:type_name -> management.SyncMappingsInit
+	30, // 21: management.SyncMappingsRequest.ack:type_name -> management.SyncMappingsAck
+	34, // 22: management.SyncMappingsInit.started_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	3,  // 23: management.SyncMappingsInit.capabilities:type_name -> management.ProxyCapabilities
+	11, // 24: management.SyncMappingsResponse.mapping:type_name -> management.ProxyMapping
+	4,  // 25: management.ProxyService.GetMappingUpdate:input_type -> management.GetMappingUpdateRequest
+	28, // 26: management.ProxyService.SyncMappings:input_type -> management.SyncMappingsRequest
+	12, // 27: management.ProxyService.SendAccessLog:input_type -> management.SendAccessLogRequest
+	15, // 28: management.ProxyService.Authenticate:input_type -> management.AuthenticateRequest
+	20, // 29: management.ProxyService.SendStatusUpdate:input_type -> management.SendStatusUpdateRequest
+	22, // 30: management.ProxyService.CreateProxyPeer:input_type -> management.CreateProxyPeerRequest
+	24, // 31: management.ProxyService.GetOIDCURL:input_type -> management.GetOIDCURLRequest
+	26, // 32: management.ProxyService.ValidateSession:input_type -> management.ValidateSessionRequest
+	5,  // 33: management.ProxyService.GetMappingUpdate:output_type -> management.GetMappingUpdateResponse
+	31, // 34: management.ProxyService.SyncMappings:output_type -> management.SyncMappingsResponse
+	13, // 35: management.ProxyService.SendAccessLog:output_type -> management.SendAccessLogResponse
+	19, // 36: management.ProxyService.Authenticate:output_type -> management.AuthenticateResponse
+	21, // 37: management.ProxyService.SendStatusUpdate:output_type -> management.SendStatusUpdateResponse
+	23, // 38: management.ProxyService.CreateProxyPeer:output_type -> management.CreateProxyPeerResponse
+	25, // 39: management.ProxyService.GetOIDCURL:output_type -> management.GetOIDCURLResponse
+	27, // 40: management.ProxyService.ValidateSession:output_type -> management.ValidateSessionResponse
+	33, // [33:41] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	25, // [25:33] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	25, // [25:25] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	25, // [25:25] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0,  // [0:25] is the sub-list for field type_name
 }
 
 func init() { file_proxy_service_proto_init() }
@@ -2717,6 +3028,54 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 				return nil
 			}
 		}
+		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[25].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*SyncMappingsRequest); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[26].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*SyncMappingsInit); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[27].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*SyncMappingsAck); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[28].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*SyncMappingsResponse); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
 	}
 	file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[0].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{}
 	file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[12].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{
@@ -2726,13 +3085,17 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 	}
 	file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[17].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{}
 	file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[20].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{}
+	file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[25].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{
+		(*SyncMappingsRequest_Init)(nil),
+		(*SyncMappingsRequest_Ack)(nil),
+	}
 	type x struct{}
 	out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
 		File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
 			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
 			RawDescriptor: file_proxy_service_proto_rawDesc,
 			NumEnums:      3,
-			NumMessages:   27,
+			NumMessages:   31,
 			NumExtensions: 0,
 			NumServices:   1,
 		},

shared/management/proto/proxy_service.proto

@@ -12,6 +12,15 @@ import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
 service ProxyService {
   rpc GetMappingUpdate(GetMappingUpdateRequest) returns (stream GetMappingUpdateResponse);
 
+  // SyncMappings is a bidirectional stream that replaces GetMappingUpdate for
+  // new proxies. The proxy sends an initial SyncMappingsRequest to start the
+  // stream and then sends an ack after each batch is fully processed.
+  // Management waits for the ack before sending the next batch, providing
+  // application-level back-pressure during large initial syncs.
+  // Old proxies continue using GetMappingUpdate; old management servers
+  // return Unimplemented for this RPC and proxies fall back.
+  rpc SyncMappings(stream SyncMappingsRequest) returns (stream SyncMappingsResponse);
+
   rpc SendAccessLog(SendAccessLogRequest) returns (SendAccessLogResponse);
 
   rpc Authenticate(AuthenticateRequest) returns (AuthenticateResponse);
@@ -246,3 +255,35 @@ message ValidateSessionResponse {
   string user_email = 3;
   string denied_reason = 4;
 }
+
+// SyncMappingsRequest is sent by the proxy on the bidirectional SyncMappings
+// stream. The first message MUST be an init; all subsequent messages MUST be
+// acks.
+message SyncMappingsRequest {
+  oneof msg {
+    SyncMappingsInit init = 1;
+    SyncMappingsAck ack = 2;
+  }
+}
+
+// SyncMappingsInit is the first message on the stream, carrying the same
+// identification fields as GetMappingUpdateRequest.
+message SyncMappingsInit {
+  string proxy_id = 1;
+  string version = 2;
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp started_at = 3;
+  string address = 4;
+  ProxyCapabilities capabilities = 5;
+}
+
+// SyncMappingsAck is sent by the proxy after it has fully processed a batch.
+// Management waits for this before sending the next batch.
+message SyncMappingsAck {}
+
+// SyncMappingsResponse is a batch of mappings sent by management.
+// Identical semantics to GetMappingUpdateResponse.
+message SyncMappingsResponse {
+  repeated ProxyMapping mapping = 1;
+  // initial_sync_complete is set on the last message of the initial snapshot.
+  bool initial_sync_complete = 2;
+}

shared/management/proto/proxy_service_grpc.pb.go

@@ -19,6 +19,14 @@ const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion7
 // For semantics around ctx use and closing/ending streaming RPCs, please refer to https://pkg.go.dev/google.golang.org/grpc/?tab=doc#ClientConn.NewStream.
 type ProxyServiceClient interface {
 	GetMappingUpdate(ctx context.Context, in *GetMappingUpdateRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateClient, error)
+	// SyncMappings is a bidirectional stream that replaces GetMappingUpdate for
+	// new proxies. The proxy sends an initial SyncMappingsRequest to start the
+	// stream and then sends an ack after each batch is fully processed.
+	// Management waits for the ack before sending the next batch, providing
+	// application-level back-pressure during large initial syncs.
+	// Old proxies continue using GetMappingUpdate; old management servers
+	// return Unimplemented for this RPC and proxies fall back.
+	SyncMappings(ctx context.Context, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (ProxyService_SyncMappingsClient, error)
 	SendAccessLog(ctx context.Context, in *SendAccessLogRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SendAccessLogResponse, error)
 	Authenticate(ctx context.Context, in *AuthenticateRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*AuthenticateResponse, error)
 	SendStatusUpdate(ctx context.Context, in *SendStatusUpdateRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SendStatusUpdateResponse, error)
@@ -69,6 +77,37 @@ func (x *proxyServiceGetMappingUpdateClient) Recv() (*GetMappingUpdateResponse,
 	return m, nil
 }
 
+func (c *proxyServiceClient) SyncMappings(ctx context.Context, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (ProxyService_SyncMappingsClient, error) {
+	stream, err := c.cc.NewStream(ctx, &ProxyService_ServiceDesc.Streams[1], "/management.ProxyService/SyncMappings", opts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	x := &proxyServiceSyncMappingsClient{stream}
+	return x, nil
+}
+
+type ProxyService_SyncMappingsClient interface {
+	Send(*SyncMappingsRequest) error
+	Recv() (*SyncMappingsResponse, error)
+	grpc.ClientStream
+}
+
+type proxyServiceSyncMappingsClient struct {
+	grpc.ClientStream
+}
+
+func (x *proxyServiceSyncMappingsClient) Send(m *SyncMappingsRequest) error {
+	return x.ClientStream.SendMsg(m)
+}
+
+func (x *proxyServiceSyncMappingsClient) Recv() (*SyncMappingsResponse, error) {
+	m := new(SyncMappingsResponse)
+	if err := x.ClientStream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return m, nil
+}
+
 func (c *proxyServiceClient) SendAccessLog(ctx context.Context, in *SendAccessLogRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SendAccessLogResponse, error) {
 	out := new(SendAccessLogResponse)
 	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/management.ProxyService/SendAccessLog", in, out, opts...)
@@ -128,6 +167,14 @@ func (c *proxyServiceClient) ValidateSession(ctx context.Context, in *ValidateSe
 // for forward compatibility
 type ProxyServiceServer interface {
 	GetMappingUpdate(*GetMappingUpdateRequest, ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateServer) error
+	// SyncMappings is a bidirectional stream that replaces GetMappingUpdate for
+	// new proxies. The proxy sends an initial SyncMappingsRequest to start the
+	// stream and then sends an ack after each batch is fully processed.
+	// Management waits for the ack before sending the next batch, providing
+	// application-level back-pressure during large initial syncs.
+	// Old proxies continue using GetMappingUpdate; old management servers
+	// return Unimplemented for this RPC and proxies fall back.
+	SyncMappings(ProxyService_SyncMappingsServer) error
 	SendAccessLog(context.Context, *SendAccessLogRequest) (*SendAccessLogResponse, error)
 	Authenticate(context.Context, *AuthenticateRequest) (*AuthenticateResponse, error)
 	SendStatusUpdate(context.Context, *SendStatusUpdateRequest) (*SendStatusUpdateResponse, error)
@@ -146,6 +193,9 @@ type UnimplementedProxyServiceServer struct {
 func (UnimplementedProxyServiceServer) GetMappingUpdate(*GetMappingUpdateRequest, ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateServer) error {
 	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetMappingUpdate not implemented")
 }
+func (UnimplementedProxyServiceServer) SyncMappings(ProxyService_SyncMappingsServer) error {
+	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method SyncMappings not implemented")
+}
 func (UnimplementedProxyServiceServer) SendAccessLog(context.Context, *SendAccessLogRequest) (*SendAccessLogResponse, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method SendAccessLog not implemented")
 }
@@ -198,6 +248,32 @@ func (x *proxyServiceGetMappingUpdateServer) Send(m *GetMappingUpdateResponse) e
 	return x.ServerStream.SendMsg(m)
 }
 
+func _ProxyService_SyncMappings_Handler(srv interface{}, stream grpc.ServerStream) error {
+	return srv.(ProxyServiceServer).SyncMappings(&proxyServiceSyncMappingsServer{stream})
+}
+
+type ProxyService_SyncMappingsServer interface {
+	Send(*SyncMappingsResponse) error
+	Recv() (*SyncMappingsRequest, error)
+	grpc.ServerStream
+}
+
+type proxyServiceSyncMappingsServer struct {
+	grpc.ServerStream
+}
+
+func (x *proxyServiceSyncMappingsServer) Send(m *SyncMappingsResponse) error {
+	return x.ServerStream.SendMsg(m)
+}
+
+func (x *proxyServiceSyncMappingsServer) Recv() (*SyncMappingsRequest, error) {
+	m := new(SyncMappingsRequest)
+	if err := x.ServerStream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return m, nil
+}
+
 func _ProxyService_SendAccessLog_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
 	in := new(SendAccessLogRequest)
 	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
@@ -344,6 +420,12 @@ var ProxyService_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			Handler:       _ProxyService_GetMappingUpdate_Handler,
 			ServerStreams: true,
 		},
+		{
+			StreamName:    "SyncMappings",
+			Handler:       _ProxyService_SyncMappings_Handler,
+			ServerStreams: true,
+			ClientStreams: true,
+		},
 	},
 	Metadata: "proxy_service.proto",
 }