Resolve test account names from well-known SIDs and RIDs instead of English literals

Identify the Administrators group by the name resolved from its well-known SID
Fail closed when a local group name cannot be resolved to a SID
2026-07-29 20:01:29 +02:00 · 2026-07-29 18:33:52 +02:00 · 2026-07-29 18:14:19 +02:00 · 2026-07-29 18:00:04 +02:00 · 2026-07-29 14:12:42 +02:00 · 2026-07-29 13:52:18 +02:00
48 changed files with 2062 additions and 2260 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/test-infrastructure-files.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-infrastructure-files.yml
@@ -249,78 +249,35 @@ jobs:
          docker compose exec management ls -l /var/lib/netbird/ | grep -i GeoLite2-City_[0-9]*.mmdb
          docker compose exec management ls -l /var/lib/netbird/ | grep -i geonames_[0-9]*.db

-  test-getting-started-script:
+  test-legacy-getting-started-scripts:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - name: Install jq
-        run: sudo apt-get install -y jq
-
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
        with:
          persist-credentials: false

-      - name: run script with Zitadel PostgreSQL
-        run: NETBIRD_DOMAIN=use-ip bash -x infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh
-
-      - name: test Caddy file gen postgres
-        run: test -f Caddyfile
-
-      - name: test docker-compose file gen postgres
-        run: test -f docker-compose.yml
-
-      - name: test management.json file gen postgres
-        run: test -f management.json
-
-      - name: test turnserver.conf file gen postgres
+      - name: Verify Dex retirement notice
        run: |
-          set -x
-          test -f turnserver.conf
-          grep external-ip turnserver.conf
+          if infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-dex.sh >stdout.txt 2>stderr.txt; then
+            echo "Expected the retired Dex installer to fail"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          test ! -s stdout.txt
+          grep -Fq "Dex support is not deprecated." stderr.txt
+          grep -Fq "https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-quickstart" stderr.txt
+          grep -Fq "https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/identity-providers/local" stderr.txt
+          grep -Fq "removed in NetBird v0.80" stderr.txt

-      - name: test zitadel.env file gen postgres
-        run: test -f zitadel.env
-
-      - name: test dashboard.env file gen postgres
-        run: test -f dashboard.env
-
-      - name: test relay.env file gen postgres
-        run: test -f relay.env
-
-      - name: test zdb.env file gen postgres
-        run: test -f zdb.env
-
-      - name: Postgres run cleanup
+      - name: Verify Zitadel retirement notice
        run: |
-          docker compose down --volumes --rmi all
-          rm -rf docker-compose.yml Caddyfile zitadel.env dashboard.env machinekey/zitadel-admin-sa.token turnserver.conf management.json zdb.env
-
-      - name: run script with Zitadel CockroachDB
-        run: bash -x infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh
-        env:
-          NETBIRD_DOMAIN: use-ip
-          ZITADEL_DATABASE: cockroach
-
-      - name: test Caddy file gen CockroachDB
-        run: test -f Caddyfile
-
-      - name: test docker-compose file gen CockroachDB
-        run: test -f docker-compose.yml
-
-      - name: test management.json file gen CockroachDB
-        run: test -f management.json
-
-      - name: test turnserver.conf file gen CockroachDB
-        run: |
-          set -x
-          test -f turnserver.conf
-          grep external-ip turnserver.conf
-
-      - name: test zitadel.env file gen CockroachDB
-        run: test -f zitadel.env
-
-      - name: test dashboard.env file gen CockroachDB
-        run: test -f dashboard.env
-
-      - name: test relay.env file gen CockroachDB
-        run: test -f relay.env
+          if bash infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh >stdout.txt 2>stderr.txt; then
+            echo "Expected the retired Zitadel installer to fail"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          test ! -s stdout.txt
+          grep -Fq "Zitadel support and existing Zitadel deployments are not deprecated." stderr.txt
+          grep -Fq "https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-quickstart" stderr.txt
+          grep -Fq "https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/identity-providers/zitadel" stderr.txt
+          grep -Fq "https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-guide" stderr.txt
+          grep -Fq "removed in NetBird v0.80" stderr.txt
--- a/.goreleaser_ui.yaml
+++ b/.goreleaser_ui.yaml
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ builds:
    ldflags:
      - -s -w -X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.CommitDate}} -X main.builtBy=goreleaser
    mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
+    tags:
+      - production

  - id: netbird-ui-windows-amd64
    dir: client/ui
@@ -39,6 +41,8 @@ builds:
      - -s -w -X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.CommitDate}} -X main.builtBy=goreleaser
      - -H windowsgui
    mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
+    tags:
+      - production

  - id: netbird-ui-windows-arm64
    dir: client/ui
@@ -55,6 +59,8 @@ builds:
      - -s -w -X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.CommitDate}} -X main.builtBy=goreleaser
      - -H windowsgui
    mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
+    tags:
+      - production

 archives:
  - id: linux-arch
--- a/.goreleaser_ui_darwin.yaml
+++ b/.goreleaser_ui_darwin.yaml
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ builds:
    ldflags:
      - -s -w -X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.CommitDate}} -X main.builtBy=goreleaser
    mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
+    tags:
+      - production

 universal_binaries:
  - id: netbird-ui-darwin
--- a/client/android/client.go
+++ b/client/android/client.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"slices"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"

@@ -299,6 +300,13 @@ func (c *Client) SetInfoLogLevel() {
 // PeersList return with the list of the PeerInfos
 func (c *Client) PeersList() *PeerInfoArray {

+	// The recorder only caches transfer counters and handshake times; nothing
+	// refreshes them on its own, so without this they read as zero. The desktop
+	// daemon does the same before serving a full peer status.
+	if err := c.recorder.RefreshWireGuardStats(); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("failed to refresh WireGuard stats: %v", err)
+	}
+
 	fullStatus := c.recorder.GetFullStatus()

 	peerInfos := make([]PeerInfo, len(fullStatus.Peers))
@@ -309,6 +317,20 @@ func (c *Client) PeersList() *PeerInfoArray {
 			FQDN:       p.FQDN,
 			ConnStatus: int(p.ConnStatus),
 			Routes:     PeerRoutes{routes: maps.Keys(p.GetRoutes())},
+
+			PubKey:                     p.PubKey,
+			Latency:                    formatDuration(p.Latency),
+			LatencyMs:                  p.Latency.Milliseconds(),
+			BytesRx:                    p.BytesRx,
+			BytesTx:                    p.BytesTx,
+			ConnStatusUpdate:           formatTime(p.ConnStatusUpdate),
+			Relayed:                    p.Relayed,
+			RosenpassEnabled:           p.RosenpassEnabled,
+			LastWireguardHandshake:     formatTime(p.LastWireguardHandshake),
+			LocalIceCandidateType:      p.LocalIceCandidateType,
+			RemoteIceCandidateType:     p.RemoteIceCandidateType,
+			LocalIceCandidateEndpoint:  p.LocalIceCandidateEndpoint,
+			RemoteIceCandidateEndpoint: p.RemoteIceCandidateEndpoint,
 		}
 		peerInfos[n] = pi
 	}
@@ -439,10 +461,6 @@ func (c *Client) RemoveConnectionListener() {
 	c.recorder.RemoveConnectionListener()
 }

-func (c *Client) toggleRoute(command routeCommand) error {
-	return command.toggleRoute()
-}
-
 func (c *Client) getRouteManager() (routemanager.Manager, error) {
 	client := c.getConnectClient()
 	if client == nil {
@@ -462,22 +480,22 @@ func (c *Client) getRouteManager() (routemanager.Manager, error) {
 	return manager, nil
 }

-func (c *Client) SelectRoute(route string) error {
+func (c *Client) SelectRoute(id string) error {
 	manager, err := c.getRouteManager()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

-	return c.toggleRoute(selectRouteCommand{route: route, manager: manager})
+	return manager.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{route.NetID(id)}, true)
 }

-func (c *Client) DeselectRoute(route string) error {
+func (c *Client) DeselectRoute(id string) error {
 	manager, err := c.getRouteManager()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

-	return c.toggleRoute(deselectRouteCommand{route: route, manager: manager})
+	return manager.DeselectRoutes([]route.NetID{route.NetID(id)})
 }

 // getNetworkDomainsFromRoute extracts domains from a route and enriches each domain
@@ -512,3 +530,28 @@ func exportEnvList(list *EnvList) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// formatDuration renders a duration for display, trimming the fractional part
+// to two digits so latencies read as "12.34ms" rather than "12.345678ms".
+func formatDuration(d time.Duration) string {
+	ds := d.String()
+	dotIndex := strings.Index(ds, ".")
+	if dotIndex == -1 {
+		return ds
+	}
+
+	endIndex := min(dotIndex+3, len(ds))
+
+	// Skip the remaining digits so only the unit suffix is appended back.
+	unitStart := endIndex
+	for unitStart < len(ds) && ds[unitStart] >= '0' && ds[unitStart] <= '9' {
+		unitStart++
+	}
+	return ds[:endIndex] + ds[unitStart:]
+}
+
+// formatTime renders a timestamp in UTC using a fixed layout. The zero time is
+// passed through as-is so the UI can recognise it and show "never" instead.
+func formatTime(t time.Time) string {
+	return t.UTC().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
+}
--- a/client/android/peer_notifier.go
+++ b/client/android/peer_notifier.go
@@ -12,12 +12,30 @@ const (
 )

 // PeerInfo describe information about the peers. It designed for the UI usage
+//
+// The fields below ConnStatus back the peer detail screen. Durations and times
+// are pre-formatted into strings so the UI does not have to know Go's layouts;
+// Latency is additionally exposed as LatencyMs for colour coding.
 type PeerInfo struct {
 	IP         string
 	IPv6       string
 	FQDN       string
 	ConnStatus int
 	Routes     PeerRoutes
+
+	PubKey                     string
+	Latency                    string
+	LatencyMs                  int64
+	BytesRx                    int64
+	BytesTx                    int64
+	ConnStatusUpdate           string
+	Relayed                    bool
+	RosenpassEnabled           bool
+	LastWireguardHandshake     string
+	LocalIceCandidateType      string
+	RemoteIceCandidateType     string
+	LocalIceCandidateEndpoint  string
+	RemoteIceCandidateEndpoint string
 }

 func (p *PeerInfo) GetPeerRoutes() *PeerRoutes {
--- a/client/android/profile_manager.go
+++ b/client/android/profile_manager.go
@@ -189,6 +189,19 @@ func (pm *ProfileManager) LogoutProfile(id string) error {
 	return nil
 }

+// RenameProfile changes a profile's display name. The profile ID, and therefore
+// its on-disk filename, is left untouched: only the "name" field of the config
+// is rewritten. This works for the default profile too, whose config lives in
+// netbird.cfg rather than under profiles/.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) RenameProfile(id string, newName string) error {
+	if err := pm.serviceMgr.RenameProfile(profilemanager.ID(id), androidUsername, newName); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to rename profile: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("renamed profile %s to: %s", id, newName)
+	return nil
+}
+
 // RemoveProfile deletes a profile
 func (pm *ProfileManager) RemoveProfile(id string) error {
 	// Use ServiceManager (removes profile from profiles/ directory)
--- a/client/android/route_command.go
+++ b/client/android/route_command.go
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-//go:build android
-
-package android
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
-)
-
-func executeRouteToggle(id string, manager routemanager.Manager,
-	operationName string,
-	routeOperation func(routes []route.NetID, allRoutes []route.NetID) error) error {
-	netID := route.NetID(id)
-	routes := []route.NetID{netID}
-
-	routesMap := manager.GetClientRoutesWithNetID()
-	routes = route.ExpandV6ExitPairs(routes, routesMap)
-
-	log.Debugf("%s with ids: %v", operationName, routes)
-
-	if err := routeOperation(routes, maps.Keys(routesMap)); err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("error when %s: %s", operationName, err)
-		return fmt.Errorf("error %s: %w", operationName, err)
-	}
-
-	manager.TriggerSelection(manager.GetClientRoutes())
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-type routeCommand interface {
-	toggleRoute() error
-}
-
-type selectRouteCommand struct {
-	route   string
-	manager routemanager.Manager
-}
-
-func (s selectRouteCommand) toggleRoute() error {
-	routeSelector := s.manager.GetRouteSelector()
-	if routeSelector == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("no route selector available")
-	}
-
-	routeOperation := func(routes []route.NetID, allRoutes []route.NetID) error {
-		return routeSelector.SelectRoutes(routes, true, allRoutes)
-	}
-
-	return executeRouteToggle(s.route, s.manager, "selecting route", routeOperation)
-}
-
-type deselectRouteCommand struct {
-	route   string
-	manager routemanager.Manager
-}
-
-func (d deselectRouteCommand) toggleRoute() error {
-	routeSelector := d.manager.GetRouteSelector()
-	if routeSelector == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("no route selector available")
-	}
-
-	return executeRouteToggle(d.route, d.manager, "deselecting route", routeSelector.DeselectRoutes)
-}
--- a/client/internal/conn_mgr.go
+++ b/client/internal/conn_mgr.go
@@ -385,11 +385,20 @@ func inactivityThresholdEnv() *time.Duration {
 		return nil
 	}

-	parsedMinutes, err := strconv.Atoi(envValue)
-	if err != nil || parsedMinutes <= 0 {
-		return nil
+	// Documented format: a Go duration such as "30m" or "1h".
+	if d, err := time.ParseDuration(envValue); err == nil {
+		if d <= 0 {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return &d
 	}

-	d := time.Duration(parsedMinutes) * time.Minute
-	return &d
+	// Backwards compatibility: a bare integer used to be interpreted as minutes.
+	if parsedMinutes, err := strconv.Atoi(envValue); err == nil && parsedMinutes > 0 {
+		d := time.Duration(parsedMinutes) * time.Minute
+		return &d
+	}
+
+	log.Warnf("invalid %s value %q: expected a Go duration such as 30m or 1h", lazyconn.EnvInactivityThreshold, envValue)
+	return nil
 }
--- a/client/internal/conn_mgr_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/conn_mgr_test.go
@@ -104,3 +104,38 @@ func TestConnMgr_ActivatePeerConcurrentWithLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
 	close(done)
 	wg.Wait()
 }
+
+func TestInactivityThresholdEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		val  string
+		want *time.Duration
+	}{
+		{name: "unset", val: "", want: nil},
+		{name: "go duration minutes", val: "30m", want: durPtr(30 * time.Minute)},
+		{name: "go duration hours", val: "1h", want: durPtr(time.Hour)},
+		{name: "go duration seconds", val: "90s", want: durPtr(90 * time.Second)},
+		{name: "bare integer is minutes (backwards compat)", val: "5", want: durPtr(5 * time.Minute)},
+		{name: "zero duration", val: "0s", want: nil},
+		{name: "zero integer", val: "0", want: nil},
+		{name: "negative duration", val: "-5m", want: nil},
+		{name: "garbage", val: "abc", want: nil},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv(lazyconn.EnvInactivityThreshold, tc.val)
+			got := inactivityThresholdEnv()
+			switch {
+			case tc.want == nil && got != nil:
+				t.Fatalf("want nil, got %v", *got)
+			case tc.want != nil && got == nil:
+				t.Fatalf("want %v, got nil", *tc.want)
+			case tc.want != nil && *got != *tc.want:
+				t.Fatalf("want %v, got %v", *tc.want, *got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func durPtr(d time.Duration) *time.Duration { return &d }
--- a/client/internal/connect.go
+++ b/client/internal/connect.go
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/stdnet"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/tunnelnotifier"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updater"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updater/installer"
 	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
@@ -136,10 +137,13 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) RunOniOS(
 	// Set GC percent to 5% to reduce memory usage as iOS only allows 50MB of memory for the extension.
 	debug.SetGCPercent(5)

+	notifier := tunnelnotifier.New(networkChangeListener, dnsManager)
+	defer notifier.Close()
+
 	mobileDependency := MobileDependency{
 		FileDescriptor:        fileDescriptor,
-		NetworkChangeListener: networkChangeListener,
-		DnsManager:            dnsManager,
+		NetworkChangeListener: notifier,
+		DnsManager:            notifier,
 		StateFilePath:         stateFilePath,
 		TempDir:               cacheDir,
 	}
--- a/client/internal/mobile_dependency.go
+++ b/client/internal/mobile_dependency.go
@@ -11,12 +11,14 @@ import (

 // MobileDependency collect all dependencies for mobile platform
 type MobileDependency struct {
-	// Android only
-	TunAdapter            device.TunAdapter
-	IFaceDiscover         stdnet.ExternalIFaceDiscover
+	// Android and iOS
 	NetworkChangeListener listener.NetworkChangeListener
-	HostDNSAddresses      []netip.AddrPort
-	DnsReadyListener      dns.ReadyListener
+
+	// Android only
+	TunAdapter       device.TunAdapter
+	IFaceDiscover    stdnet.ExternalIFaceDiscover
+	HostDNSAddresses []netip.AddrPort
+	DnsReadyListener dns.ReadyListener

 	//	iOS only
 	DnsManager     dns.IosDnsManager
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/manager.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/manager.go
@@ -52,6 +52,10 @@ type Manager interface {
 	UpdateRoutes(updateSerial uint64, serverRoutes map[route.ID]*route.Route, clientRoutes route.HAMap, useNewDNSRoute bool) error
 	ClassifyRoutes(newRoutes []*route.Route) (map[route.ID]*route.Route, route.HAMap)
 	TriggerSelection(route.HAMap)
+	SelectRoutes(ids []route.NetID, appendRoute bool) error
+	DeselectRoutes(ids []route.NetID) error
+	SelectAllRoutes()
+	DeselectAllRoutes()
 	GetRouteSelector() *routeselector.RouteSelector
 	GetClientRoutes() route.HAMap
 	GetSelectedClientRoutes() route.HAMap
@@ -800,7 +804,7 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) collectExitNodeInfo(clientRoutes route.HAMap) exitNodeI
 	var info exitNodeInfo

 	for haID, routes := range clientRoutes {
-		if !m.isExitNodeRoute(routes) {
+		if !isExitNodeRoutes(routes) {
 			continue
 		}

@@ -820,13 +824,6 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) collectExitNodeInfo(clientRoutes route.HAMap) exitNodeI
 	return info
 }

-func (m *DefaultManager) isExitNodeRoute(routes []*route.Route) bool {
-	if len(routes) == 0 {
-		return false
-	}
-	return route.IsV4DefaultRoute(routes[0].Network) || route.IsV6DefaultRoute(routes[0].Network)
-}
-
 func (m *DefaultManager) categorizeUserSelection(netID route.NetID, info *exitNodeInfo) {
 	if m.routeSelector.IsSelected(netID) {
 		info.userSelected = append(info.userSelected, netID)
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/mock.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/mock.go
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ type MockManager struct {
 	ClassifyRoutesFunc           func(routes []*route.Route) (map[route.ID]*route.Route, route.HAMap)
 	UpdateRoutesFunc             func(updateSerial uint64, serverRoutes map[route.ID]*route.Route, clientRoutes route.HAMap, useNewDNSRoute bool) error
 	TriggerSelectionFunc         func(haMap route.HAMap)
+	SelectRoutesFunc             func(ids []route.NetID, appendRoute bool) error
+	DeselectRoutesFunc           func(ids []route.NetID) error
 	GetRouteSelectorFunc         func() *routeselector.RouteSelector
 	GetClientRoutesFunc          func() route.HAMap
 	GetSelectedClientRoutesFunc  func() route.HAMap
@@ -55,6 +57,30 @@ func (m *MockManager) TriggerSelection(networks route.HAMap) {
 	}
 }

+// SelectRoutes mock implementation of SelectRoutes from Manager interface
+func (m *MockManager) SelectRoutes(ids []route.NetID, appendRoute bool) error {
+	if m.SelectRoutesFunc != nil {
+		return m.SelectRoutesFunc(ids, appendRoute)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DeselectRoutes mock implementation of DeselectRoutes from Manager interface
+func (m *MockManager) DeselectRoutes(ids []route.NetID) error {
+	if m.DeselectRoutesFunc != nil {
+		return m.DeselectRoutesFunc(ids)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SelectAllRoutes mock implementation of SelectAllRoutes from Manager interface
+func (m *MockManager) SelectAllRoutes() {
+}
+
+// DeselectAllRoutes mock implementation of DeselectAllRoutes from Manager interface
+func (m *MockManager) DeselectAllRoutes() {
+}
+
 // GetRouteSelector mock implementation of GetRouteSelector from Manager interface
 func (m *MockManager) GetRouteSelector() *routeselector.RouteSelector {
 	if m.GetRouteSelectorFunc != nil {
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/notifier_ios.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/notifier_ios.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 package notifier

 import (
-	"container/list"
 	"net/netip"
 	"slices"
 	"sort"
@@ -16,20 +15,12 @@ import (

 type Notifier struct {
 	mu              sync.Mutex
-	cond            *sync.Cond
 	currentPrefixes []string
 	listener        listener.NetworkChangeListener
-	queue           *list.List
-	closed          bool
 }

 func NewNotifier() *Notifier {
-	n := &Notifier{
-		queue: list.New(),
-	}
-	n.cond = sync.NewCond(&n.mu)
-	go n.deliverLoop()
-	return n
+	return &Notifier{}
 }

 func (n *Notifier) SetListener(listener listener.NetworkChangeListener) {
@@ -59,44 +50,19 @@ func (n *Notifier) OnNewPrefixes(prefixes []netip.Prefix) {
 	sort.Strings(newNets)

 	n.mu.Lock()
+	defer n.mu.Unlock()
 	if slices.Equal(n.currentPrefixes, newNets) {
-		n.mu.Unlock()
 		return
 	}
 	n.currentPrefixes = newNets
-	routes := strings.Join(n.currentPrefixes, ",")
-	n.queue.PushBack(routes)
-	n.cond.Signal()
-	n.mu.Unlock()
+	if n.listener != nil {
+		n.listener.OnNetworkChanged(strings.Join(n.currentPrefixes, ","))
+	}
 }

 func (n *Notifier) Close() {
-	n.mu.Lock()
-	n.closed = true
-	n.cond.Signal()
-	n.mu.Unlock()
 }

 func (n *Notifier) GetInitialRouteRanges() []string {
 	return nil
 }
-
-func (n *Notifier) deliverLoop() {
-	for {
-		n.mu.Lock()
-		for n.queue.Len() == 0 && !n.closed {
-			n.cond.Wait()
-		}
-		if n.closed && n.queue.Len() == 0 {
-			n.mu.Unlock()
-			return
-		}
-		routes := n.queue.Remove(n.queue.Front()).(string)
-		l := n.listener
-		n.mu.Unlock()
-
-		if l != nil {
-			l.OnNetworkChanged(routes)
-		}
-	}
-}
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/selection.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/selection.go
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+package routemanager
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+// SelectRoutes selects the routes with the given network IDs and applies the
+// new selection. V4/v6 exit-node pairs are expanded automatically. Exit nodes
+// are mutually exclusive: if the selection activates an exit node, every other
+// available exit node is deselected so two can't be active at once. With
+// appendRoute=false the previous selection is replaced instead of extended.
+func (m *DefaultManager) SelectRoutes(ids []route.NetID, appendRoute bool) error {
+	if err := m.selectRoutes(ids, appendRoute); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	m.TriggerSelection(m.GetClientRoutes())
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DeselectRoutes removes the routes with the given network IDs from the
+// selection and applies the change. V4/v6 exit-node pairs are expanded
+// automatically.
+func (m *DefaultManager) DeselectRoutes(ids []route.NetID) error {
+	if err := m.deselectRoutes(ids); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	m.TriggerSelection(m.GetClientRoutes())
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *DefaultManager) deselectRoutes(ids []route.NetID) error {
+	routesMap := m.GetClientRoutesWithNetID()
+	routes := route.ExpandV6ExitPairs(slices.Clone(ids), routesMap)
+
+	log.Debugf("deselecting routes with ids: %v", routes)
+
+	if err := m.routeSelector.DeselectRoutes(routes, maps.Keys(routesMap)); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("deselect routes: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SelectAllRoutes selects every available route and applies the selection.
+// Exit nodes stay mutually exclusive: at most one remains active.
+func (m *DefaultManager) SelectAllRoutes() {
+	m.selectAllRoutes()
+	m.TriggerSelection(m.GetClientRoutes())
+}
+
+func (m *DefaultManager) selectAllRoutes() {
+	m.routeSelector.SelectAllRoutes()
+
+	// Select-all wipes every explicit selection, so exit nodes fall back to
+	// management's auto-apply flags — which may mark several at once.
+	// Reconcile immediately so at most one exit node stays active instead of
+	// waiting for the next network map to enforce it.
+	m.mux.Lock()
+	defer m.mux.Unlock()
+	m.updateRouteSelectorFromManagement(m.clientRoutes)
+}
+
+// DeselectAllRoutes deselects every route and applies the change.
+func (m *DefaultManager) DeselectAllRoutes() {
+	m.routeSelector.DeselectAllRoutes()
+	m.TriggerSelection(m.GetClientRoutes())
+}
+
+func (m *DefaultManager) selectRoutes(ids []route.NetID, appendRoute bool) error {
+	routesMap := m.GetClientRoutesWithNetID()
+	routes := route.ExpandV6ExitPairs(slices.Clone(ids), routesMap)
+	allIDs := maps.Keys(routesMap)
+
+	log.Debugf("selecting routes with ids: %v", routes)
+
+	// A partial failure (e.g. an unknown ID in the request) still selects the
+	// valid routes, so exclusivity below must run regardless of the error.
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	if err := m.routeSelector.SelectRoutes(routes, appendRoute, allIDs); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("select routes: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	// Exit nodes are mutually exclusive: if this selection activates an
+	// exit node, deselect every other available exit node so two can't be
+	// selected at once. Non-exit route selections are left untouched.
+	if requestActivatesExitNode(routes, routesMap) {
+		if others := otherExitNodeIDs(routesMap, routes); len(others) > 0 {
+			if err := m.routeSelector.DeselectRoutes(others, allIDs); err != nil {
+				merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("deselect sibling exit nodes: %w", err))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func isExitNodeRoutes(routes []*route.Route) bool {
+	return len(routes) > 0 && (route.IsV4DefaultRoute(routes[0].Network) || route.IsV6DefaultRoute(routes[0].Network))
+}
+
+// requestActivatesExitNode reports whether any requested NetID maps to an exit
+// node (default route) in the current route table.
+func requestActivatesExitNode(requested []route.NetID, routesMap map[route.NetID][]*route.Route) bool {
+	for _, id := range requested {
+		if isExitNodeRoutes(routesMap[id]) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// otherExitNodeIDs returns every available exit-node NetID that is not in the
+// requested set — the siblings to deselect so a single exit node stays active.
+func otherExitNodeIDs(routesMap map[route.NetID][]*route.Route, requested []route.NetID) []route.NetID {
+	keep := make(map[route.NetID]struct{}, len(requested))
+	for _, id := range requested {
+		keep[id] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	var others []route.NetID
+	for id, routes := range routesMap {
+		if !isExitNodeRoutes(routes) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := keep[id]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		others = append(others, id)
+	}
+	return others
+}
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/selection_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/selection_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package routemanager
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routeselector"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+func v6ExitRoute(netID, peer string) *route.Route {
+	return &route.Route{
+		NetID:   route.NetID(netID),
+		Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("::/0"),
+		Peer:    peer,
+	}
+}
+
+func newSelectionTestManager() *DefaultManager {
+	return &DefaultManager{
+		routeSelector: routeselector.NewRouteSelector(),
+		clientRoutes: route.HAMap{
+			"exitA|0.0.0.0/0":    {exitRoute("exitA", "p1", true)},
+			"exitA-v6|::/0":      {v6ExitRoute("exitA-v6", "p1")},
+			"exitB|0.0.0.0/0":    {exitRoute("exitB", "p2", true)},
+			"lan|192.168.1.0/24": {{NetID: "lan", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"), Peer: "p3"}},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSelectRoutes_ExitNodeExclusivity(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newSelectionTestManager()
+
+	// Selecting an exit node selects its v6 pair and deselects the sibling.
+	require.NoError(t, m.selectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exitA"}, true))
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitA"), "exitA should be selected")
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitA-v6"), "the v6 pair follows its v4 base")
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitB"), "the sibling exit node must be deselected")
+
+	// Switching to the sibling deselects the previous exit node and its v6 pair.
+	require.NoError(t, m.selectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exitB"}, true))
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitB"), "exitB should now be selected")
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitA"), "the previous exit node must be deselected")
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitA-v6"), "the previous exit node's v6 pair must be deselected")
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("lan"), "non-exit route selection is untouched")
+
+	// Selecting a non-exit route leaves the active exit node alone.
+	require.NoError(t, m.selectRoutes([]route.NetID{"lan"}, true))
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitB"), "selecting a non-exit route keeps the exit node")
+
+	// Deselecting the active exit node turns every exit node off.
+	require.NoError(t, m.deselectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exitB"}))
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitB"), "exitB should be deselected")
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitA"), "exitA stays deselected")
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("lan"), "non-exit route selection is untouched")
+}
+
+func TestSelectRoutes_PartialErrorStillEnforcesExclusivity(t *testing.T) {
+	// The unknown ID must be reported, but the valid exit node in the same
+	// request is still selected — so its sibling must still be deselected.
+	// Both orderings are covered: processing must continue past the invalid
+	// ID wherever it sits in the request.
+	requests := map[string][]route.NetID{
+		"invalid id first": {"missing", "exitB"},
+		"invalid id last":  {"exitB", "missing"},
+	}
+
+	for name, ids := range requests {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			m := newSelectionTestManager()
+
+			require.NoError(t, m.selectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exitA"}, true))
+
+			err := m.selectRoutes(ids, true)
+			assert.Error(t, err, "unknown id must be reported")
+			assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitB"), "valid exit node from the request is selected")
+			assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitA"), "sibling exit node must be deselected despite the error")
+			assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitA-v6"), "sibling's v6 pair must be deselected too")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSelectAllRoutes_KeepsSingleExitNode(t *testing.T) {
+	// Both exit nodes are marked for auto-apply by management
+	// (SkipAutoApply=false), the state where select-all could turn on two at
+	// once without the immediate reconciliation.
+	m := &DefaultManager{
+		routeSelector: routeselector.NewRouteSelector(),
+		clientRoutes: route.HAMap{
+			"exitA|0.0.0.0/0":    {exitRoute("exitA", "p1", false)},
+			"exitB|0.0.0.0/0":    {exitRoute("exitB", "p2", false)},
+			"lan|192.168.1.0/24": {{NetID: "lan", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"), Peer: "p3"}},
+		},
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.selectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exitB"}, true))
+
+	m.selectAllRoutes()
+
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("lan"), "non-exit routes are all selected")
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitA"), "the deterministic management pick stays active")
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitB"), "select-all must not leave a second exit node active")
+}
+
+func TestSelectRoutes_UnknownRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newSelectionTestManager()
+
+	assert.Error(t, m.selectRoutes([]route.NetID{"missing"}, true), "selecting an unavailable route must fail")
+	assert.Error(t, m.deselectRoutes([]route.NetID{"missing"}), "deselecting an unavailable route must fail")
+}
+
+func TestExitNodeSelectionHelpers(t *testing.T) {
+	routesMap := map[route.NetID][]*route.Route{
+		"exitA": {{Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")}},
+		"exitB": {{Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("::/0")}},
+		"lan":   {{Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/16")}},
+	}
+
+	assert.True(t, requestActivatesExitNode([]route.NetID{"exitA"}, routesMap), "v4 default route is an exit node")
+	assert.True(t, requestActivatesExitNode([]route.NetID{"exitB"}, routesMap), "v6 default route is an exit node")
+	assert.False(t, requestActivatesExitNode([]route.NetID{"lan"}, routesMap), "lan route is not an exit node")
+	assert.False(t, requestActivatesExitNode([]route.NetID{"missing"}, routesMap), "unknown id is not an exit node")
+
+	others := otherExitNodeIDs(routesMap, []route.NetID{"exitB"})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []route.NetID{"exitA"}, others, "only the other exit node is a sibling; the lan route is ignored")
+}
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/sysctl/sysctl_linux.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/sysctl/sysctl_linux.go
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ const (
 	rpFilterPath          = "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter"
 	rpFilterInterfacePath = "net.ipv4.conf.%s.rp_filter"
 	srcValidMarkPath      = "net.ipv4.conf.all.src_valid_mark"
+	percentEscape         = "%25"
+	dotEscape             = "%2E"
 )

 type iface interface {
@@ -56,7 +58,11 @@ func Setup(wgIface iface) (map[string]int, error) {
 			continue
 		}

-		i := fmt.Sprintf(rpFilterInterfacePath, intf.Name)
+		// Escape '%' and '.' so they survive the dot-to-slash conversion in Set()
+		safeName := strings.ReplaceAll(intf.Name, "%", percentEscape)
+		safeName = strings.ReplaceAll(safeName, ".", dotEscape)
+
+		i := fmt.Sprintf(rpFilterInterfacePath, safeName)
 		oldVal, err := Set(i, 2, true)
 		if err != nil {
 			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
@@ -70,7 +76,11 @@ func Setup(wgIface iface) (map[string]int, error) {

 // Set sets a sysctl configuration, if onlyIfOne is true it will only set the new value if it's set to 1
 func Set(key string, desiredValue int, onlyIfOne bool) (int, error) {
-	path := fmt.Sprintf("/proc/sys/%s", strings.ReplaceAll(key, ".", "/"))
+	path := strings.ReplaceAll(key, ".", "/")
+	// Unescape interface dots and percent signs
+	path = strings.ReplaceAll(path, dotEscape, ".")
+	path = strings.ReplaceAll(path, percentEscape, "%")
+	path = fmt.Sprintf("/proc/sys/%s", path)
 	currentValue, err := os.ReadFile(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return -1, fmt.Errorf("read sysctl %s: %w", key, err)
--- a/client/internal/tunnelnotifier/notifier.go
+++ b/client/internal/tunnelnotifier/notifier.go
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+package tunnelnotifier
+
+import (
+	"container/list"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/listener"
+)
+
+type eventKind int
+
+const (
+	eventRoutes eventKind = iota
+	eventIfaceIP
+	eventIfaceIPv6
+	eventDNS
+)
+
+var (
+	_ listener.NetworkChangeListener = (*Notifier)(nil)
+	_ dns.IosDnsManager              = (*Notifier)(nil)
+)
+
+type event struct {
+	kind    eventKind
+	payload string
+}
+
+type Notifier struct {
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+	cond   *sync.Cond
+	queue  *list.List
+	closed bool
+	done   chan struct{}
+
+	listener   listener.NetworkChangeListener
+	dnsManager dns.IosDnsManager
+}
+
+func New(l listener.NetworkChangeListener, dm dns.IosDnsManager) *Notifier {
+	n := &Notifier{
+		queue:      list.New(),
+		done:       make(chan struct{}),
+		listener:   l,
+		dnsManager: dm,
+	}
+	n.cond = sync.NewCond(&n.mu)
+	go n.deliverLoop()
+	return n
+}
+
+func (n *Notifier) OnNetworkChanged(routes string) {
+	n.enqueue(event{kind: eventRoutes, payload: routes})
+}
+
+func (n *Notifier) SetInterfaceIP(ip string) {
+	n.enqueue(event{kind: eventIfaceIP, payload: ip})
+}
+
+func (n *Notifier) SetInterfaceIPv6(ip string) {
+	n.enqueue(event{kind: eventIfaceIPv6, payload: ip})
+}
+
+func (n *Notifier) ApplyDns(config string) {
+	n.enqueue(event{kind: eventDNS, payload: config})
+}
+
+// Close stops accepting new events and blocks until the delivery loop has
+// drained all queued events and exited.
+func (n *Notifier) Close() {
+	n.mu.Lock()
+	n.closed = true
+	n.cond.Signal()
+	n.mu.Unlock()
+	<-n.done
+}
+
+func (n *Notifier) enqueue(ev event) {
+	n.mu.Lock()
+	defer n.mu.Unlock()
+	if n.closed {
+		return
+	}
+	n.queue.PushBack(ev)
+	n.cond.Signal()
+}
+
+func (n *Notifier) deliverLoop() {
+	defer close(n.done)
+	for {
+		n.mu.Lock()
+		for n.queue.Len() == 0 && !n.closed {
+			n.cond.Wait()
+		}
+		if n.closed && n.queue.Len() == 0 {
+			n.mu.Unlock()
+			return
+		}
+		ev := n.queue.Remove(n.queue.Front()).(event)
+		l := n.listener
+		dm := n.dnsManager
+		n.mu.Unlock()
+
+		switch ev.kind {
+		case eventRoutes:
+			if l != nil {
+				l.OnNetworkChanged(ev.payload)
+			}
+		case eventIfaceIP:
+			if l != nil {
+				l.SetInterfaceIP(ev.payload)
+			}
+		case eventIfaceIPv6:
+			if l != nil {
+				l.SetInterfaceIPv6(ev.payload)
+			}
+		case eventDNS:
+			if dm != nil {
+				dm.ApplyDns(ev.payload)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/client/internal/tunnelnotifier/notifier_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/tunnelnotifier/notifier_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+package tunnelnotifier
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+type call struct {
+	kind    string
+	payload string
+}
+
+type recorder struct {
+	mu       sync.Mutex
+	calls    []call
+	inFlight atomic.Int32
+	overlap  atomic.Bool
+	delay    time.Duration
+}
+
+func (r *recorder) record(kind, payload string) {
+	if r.inFlight.Add(1) != 1 {
+		r.overlap.Store(true)
+	}
+	if r.delay > 0 {
+		time.Sleep(r.delay)
+	}
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	r.calls = append(r.calls, call{kind: kind, payload: payload})
+	r.mu.Unlock()
+	r.inFlight.Add(-1)
+}
+
+func (r *recorder) count() int {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+	return len(r.calls)
+}
+
+func (r *recorder) snapshot() []call {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+	out := make([]call, len(r.calls))
+	copy(out, r.calls)
+	return out
+}
+
+type fakeListener struct {
+	rec *recorder
+}
+
+func (f *fakeListener) OnNetworkChanged(routes string) {
+	f.rec.record("routes", routes)
+}
+
+func (f *fakeListener) SetInterfaceIP(ip string) {
+	f.rec.record("ip", ip)
+}
+
+func (f *fakeListener) SetInterfaceIPv6(ip string) {
+	f.rec.record("ipv6", ip)
+}
+
+type fakeDNSManager struct {
+	rec *recorder
+}
+
+func (f *fakeDNSManager) ApplyDns(config string) {
+	f.rec.record("dns", config)
+}
+
+func TestFIFOOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	rec := &recorder{}
+	n := New(&fakeListener{rec: rec}, &fakeDNSManager{rec: rec})
+	defer n.Close()
+
+	n.SetInterfaceIP("10.0.0.1")
+	n.SetInterfaceIPv6("fd00::1")
+	n.ApplyDns(`{"domains":[]}`)
+	n.OnNetworkChanged("10.0.0.0/8,192.168.0.0/16")
+	n.ApplyDns(`{"domains":["example.com"]}`)
+
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool { return rec.count() == 5 }, time.Second, time.Millisecond)
+
+	expected := []call{
+		{kind: "ip", payload: "10.0.0.1"},
+		{kind: "ipv6", payload: "fd00::1"},
+		{kind: "dns", payload: `{"domains":[]}`},
+		{kind: "routes", payload: "10.0.0.0/8,192.168.0.0/16"},
+		{kind: "dns", payload: `{"domains":["example.com"]}`},
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, rec.snapshot())
+}
+
+func TestNoOverlappingCalls(t *testing.T) {
+	rec := &recorder{delay: 100 * time.Microsecond}
+	n := New(&fakeListener{rec: rec}, &fakeDNSManager{rec: rec})
+	defer n.Close()
+
+	const producers = 8
+	const perProducer = 25
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i := 0; i < producers; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(id int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			for j := 0; j < perProducer; j++ {
+				payload := fmt.Sprintf("%d-%d", id, j)
+				switch j % 4 {
+				case 0:
+					n.OnNetworkChanged(payload)
+				case 1:
+					n.SetInterfaceIP(payload)
+				case 2:
+					n.SetInterfaceIPv6(payload)
+				case 3:
+					n.ApplyDns(payload)
+				}
+			}
+		}(i)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool { return rec.count() == producers*perProducer }, 5*time.Second, time.Millisecond)
+	assert.False(t, rec.overlap.Load())
+}
+
+func TestDNSAndRoutesInterleaved(t *testing.T) {
+	rec := &recorder{delay: 100 * time.Microsecond}
+	n := New(&fakeListener{rec: rec}, &fakeDNSManager{rec: rec})
+	defer n.Close()
+
+	const events = 50
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(2)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		for i := 0; i < events; i++ {
+			n.ApplyDns(fmt.Sprintf("dns-%d", i))
+		}
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		for i := 0; i < events; i++ {
+			n.OnNetworkChanged(fmt.Sprintf("routes-%d", i))
+		}
+	}()
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool { return rec.count() == 2*events }, 5*time.Second, time.Millisecond)
+	assert.False(t, rec.overlap.Load())
+
+	var dnsSeen, routesSeen int
+	for _, c := range rec.snapshot() {
+		switch c.kind {
+		case "dns":
+			assert.Equal(t, fmt.Sprintf("dns-%d", dnsSeen), c.payload)
+			dnsSeen++
+		case "routes":
+			assert.Equal(t, fmt.Sprintf("routes-%d", routesSeen), c.payload)
+			routesSeen++
+		}
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, events, dnsSeen)
+	assert.Equal(t, events, routesSeen)
+}
+
+func TestCloseDrainsQueue(t *testing.T) {
+	rec := &recorder{delay: time.Millisecond}
+	n := New(&fakeListener{rec: rec}, &fakeDNSManager{rec: rec})
+
+	const events = 20
+	for i := 0; i < events; i++ {
+		n.OnNetworkChanged(fmt.Sprintf("routes-%d", i))
+	}
+	n.Close()
+
+	require.Equal(t, events, rec.count(), "Close must not return before all queued events are delivered")
+
+	n.OnNetworkChanged("after-close")
+	n.ApplyDns("after-close")
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+	assert.Equal(t, events, rec.count())
+}
--- a/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/client.go
+++ b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/client.go
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"

 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth"
@@ -637,23 +636,18 @@ func (c *Client) SelectRoute(id string) error {
 	}

 	routeManager := engine.GetRouteManager()
-	routeSelector := routeManager.GetRouteSelector()
 	if id == "All" {
 		log.Debugf("select all routes")
-		routeSelector.SelectAllRoutes()
-	} else {
-		log.Debugf("select route with id: %s", id)
-		routes := toNetIDs([]string{id})
-		routesMap := routeManager.GetClientRoutesWithNetID()
-		routes = route.ExpandV6ExitPairs(routes, routesMap)
-		if err := routeSelector.SelectRoutes(routes, true, maps.Keys(routesMap)); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("error when selecting routes: %s", err)
-			return fmt.Errorf("select routes: %w", err)
-		}
+		routeManager.SelectAllRoutes()
+		return nil
 	}
-	routeManager.TriggerSelection(routeManager.GetClientRoutes())
-	return nil

+	log.Debugf("select route with id: %s", id)
+	if err := routeManager.SelectRoutes(toNetIDs([]string{id}), true); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("error when selecting routes: %s", err)
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
 }

 func (c *Client) DeselectRoute(id string) error {
@@ -667,21 +661,17 @@ func (c *Client) DeselectRoute(id string) error {
 	}

 	routeManager := engine.GetRouteManager()
-	routeSelector := routeManager.GetRouteSelector()
 	if id == "All" {
 		log.Debugf("deselect all routes")
-		routeSelector.DeselectAllRoutes()
-	} else {
-		log.Debugf("deselect route with id: %s", id)
-		routes := toNetIDs([]string{id})
-		routesMap := routeManager.GetClientRoutesWithNetID()
-		routes = route.ExpandV6ExitPairs(routes, routesMap)
-		if err := routeSelector.DeselectRoutes(routes, maps.Keys(routesMap)); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("error when deselecting routes: %s", err)
-			return fmt.Errorf("deselect routes: %w", err)
-		}
+		routeManager.DeselectAllRoutes()
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("deselect route with id: %s", id)
+	if err := routeManager.DeselectRoutes(toNetIDs([]string{id})); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("error when deselecting routes: %s", err)
+		return err
 	}
-	routeManager.TriggerSelection(routeManager.GetClientRoutes())
 	return nil
 }

--- a/client/server/network.go
+++ b/client/server/network.go
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"sort"
 	"strings"

-	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"

@@ -161,30 +160,11 @@ func (s *Server) SelectNetworks(_ context.Context, req *proto.SelectNetworksRequ
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no route manager")
 	}

-	routeSelector := routeManager.GetRouteSelector()
 	if req.GetAll() {
-		routeSelector.SelectAllRoutes()
-	} else {
-		routes := toNetIDs(req.GetNetworkIDs())
-		routesMap := routeManager.GetClientRoutesWithNetID()
-		routes = route.ExpandV6ExitPairs(routes, routesMap)
-		netIdRoutes := maps.Keys(routesMap)
-		if err := routeSelector.SelectRoutes(routes, req.GetAppend(), netIdRoutes); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("select routes: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		// Exit nodes are mutually exclusive: if this selection activates an
-		// exit node, deselect every other available exit node so two can't be
-		// selected at once. Non-exit route selections are left untouched.
-		if requestActivatesExitNode(routes, routesMap) {
-			if others := otherExitNodeIDs(routesMap, routes); len(others) > 0 {
-				if err := routeSelector.DeselectRoutes(others, netIdRoutes); err != nil {
-					return nil, fmt.Errorf("deselect sibling exit nodes: %w", err)
-				}
-			}
-		}
+		routeManager.SelectAllRoutes()
+	} else if err := routeManager.SelectRoutes(toNetIDs(req.GetNetworkIDs()), req.GetAppend()); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	routeManager.TriggerSelection(routeManager.GetClientRoutes())

 	s.statusRecorder.PublishEvent(
 		proto.SystemEvent_INFO,
@@ -224,19 +204,11 @@ func (s *Server) DeselectNetworks(_ context.Context, req *proto.SelectNetworksRe
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no route manager")
 	}

-	routeSelector := routeManager.GetRouteSelector()
 	if req.GetAll() {
-		routeSelector.DeselectAllRoutes()
-	} else {
-		routes := toNetIDs(req.GetNetworkIDs())
-		routesMap := routeManager.GetClientRoutesWithNetID()
-		routes = route.ExpandV6ExitPairs(routes, routesMap)
-		netIdRoutes := maps.Keys(routesMap)
-		if err := routeSelector.DeselectRoutes(routes, netIdRoutes); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("deselect routes: %w", err)
-		}
+		routeManager.DeselectAllRoutes()
+	} else if err := routeManager.DeselectRoutes(toNetIDs(req.GetNetworkIDs())); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	routeManager.TriggerSelection(routeManager.GetClientRoutes())

 	s.statusRecorder.PublishEvent(
 		proto.SystemEvent_INFO,
@@ -261,37 +233,3 @@ func toNetIDs(routes []string) []route.NetID {
 	return netIDs
 }

-func isExitNodeRoutes(routes []*route.Route) bool {
-	return len(routes) > 0 && (route.IsV4DefaultRoute(routes[0].Network) || route.IsV6DefaultRoute(routes[0].Network))
-}
-
-// requestActivatesExitNode reports whether any requested NetID maps to an exit
-// node (default route) in the current route table.
-func requestActivatesExitNode(requested []route.NetID, routesMap map[route.NetID][]*route.Route) bool {
-	for _, id := range requested {
-		if isExitNodeRoutes(routesMap[id]) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-// otherExitNodeIDs returns every available exit-node NetID that is not in the
-// requested set — the siblings to deselect so a single exit node stays active.
-func otherExitNodeIDs(routesMap map[route.NetID][]*route.Route, requested []route.NetID) []route.NetID {
-	keep := make(map[route.NetID]struct{}, len(requested))
-	for _, id := range requested {
-		keep[id] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	var others []route.NetID
-	for id, routes := range routesMap {
-		if !isExitNodeRoutes(routes) {
-			continue
-		}
-		if _, ok := keep[id]; ok {
-			continue
-		}
-		others = append(others, id)
-	}
-	return others
-}
--- a/client/server/network_exitnode_test.go
+++ b/client/server/network_exitnode_test.go
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-package server
-
-import (
-	"net/netip"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
-)
-
-func TestExitNodeSelectionHelpers(t *testing.T) {
-	routesMap := map[route.NetID][]*route.Route{
-		"exitA": {{Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")}},
-		"exitB": {{Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("::/0")}},
-		"lan":   {{Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/16")}},
-	}
-
-	assert.True(t, requestActivatesExitNode([]route.NetID{"exitA"}, routesMap), "v4 default route is an exit node")
-	assert.True(t, requestActivatesExitNode([]route.NetID{"exitB"}, routesMap), "v6 default route is an exit node")
-	assert.False(t, requestActivatesExitNode([]route.NetID{"lan"}, routesMap), "lan route is not an exit node")
-	assert.False(t, requestActivatesExitNode([]route.NetID{"missing"}, routesMap), "unknown id is not an exit node")
-
-	others := otherExitNodeIDs(routesMap, []route.NetID{"exitB"})
-	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []route.NetID{"exitA"}, others, "only the other exit node is a sibling; the lan route is ignored")
-}
--- a/client/ssh/server/command_execution_windows.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/command_execution_windows.go
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ func (s *Server) setUserEnvironmentVariables(envMap map[string]string, userProfi

 // prepareCommandEnv prepares environment variables for command execution on Windows
 func (s *Server) prepareCommandEnv(logger *log.Entry, localUser *user.User, session ssh.Session) []string {
-	username, domain := s.parseUsername(localUser.Username)
+	username, domain := parseUsername(localUser.Username)
 	userEnv, err := s.getUserEnvironment(logger, username, domain)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Debugf("failed to get user environment for %s\\%s, using fallback: %v", domain, username, err)
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ func (s *Server) executeCommandWithPty(logger *log.Entry, session ssh.Session, _
 		return false
 	}

-	username, domain := s.parseUsername(localUser.Username)
+	username, domain := parseUsername(localUser.Username)
 	shell := getUserShell(localUser.Uid)

 	req := PtyExecutionRequest{
--- a/client/ssh/server/privileges_other.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/privileges_other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package server
+
+// isProcessElevated is only meaningful on Windows; other platforms use the
+// effective UID check in isCurrentProcessPrivileged.
+func isProcessElevated() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+// isWindowsAccountPrivileged is only reachable on Windows. Fail closed if it
+// is ever called on another platform.
+func isWindowsAccountPrivileged(string) bool {
+	return true
+}
--- a/client/ssh/server/privileges_windows.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/privileges_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package server
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+var (
+	netapi32                  = windows.NewLazySystemDLL("netapi32.dll")
+	procNetUserGetLocalGroups = netapi32.NewProc("NetUserGetLocalGroups")
+)
+
+const (
+	// lgIncludeIndirect makes NetUserGetLocalGroups also return local groups
+	// the user belongs to through a global group.
+	lgIncludeIndirect  = 0x1
+	maxPreferredLength = 0xFFFFFFFF
+)
+
+// localGroupUsersInfo0 mirrors LOCALGROUP_USERS_INFO_0.
+type localGroupUsersInfo0 struct {
+	name *uint16
+}
+
+// isProcessElevated reports whether the current process token is elevated
+// (TokenElevation): true for elevated administrators, the built-in
+// Administrator, administrators with UAC disabled, and SYSTEM; false for
+// standard users and administrators running with a UAC-filtered token.
+func isProcessElevated() bool {
+	return windows.GetCurrentProcessToken().IsElevated()
+}
+
+// isWindowsAccountPrivileged reports whether the account is privileged on this
+// machine: a well-known service account, a built-in Administrator (RID 500),
+// or a member of the local Administrators group, directly or through nested
+// groups. Evaluation errors count as privileged so policy checks fail closed.
+func isWindowsAccountPrivileged(username string) bool {
+	sid, _, _, err := windows.LookupSID("", username)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("privilege check: SID lookup for %q failed, treating as privileged: %v", username, err)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	if isPrivilegedUserSID(sid) {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	member, err := isLocalAdminsMember(username)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("privilege check: cannot determine Administrators membership for %q, treating as privileged: %v", username, err)
+		return true
+	}
+	return member
+}
+
+// isPrivilegedUserSID reports whether the SID itself identifies a privileged
+// principal, without consulting group membership.
+func isPrivilegedUserSID(sid *windows.SID) bool {
+	wellKnown := []windows.WELL_KNOWN_SID_TYPE{
+		windows.WinLocalSystemSid,
+		windows.WinLocalServiceSid,
+		windows.WinNetworkServiceSid,
+		windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid,
+	}
+	for _, sidType := range wellKnown {
+		if sid.IsWellKnown(sidType) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return isBuiltinAdministratorSID(sid)
+}
+
+// isBuiltinAdministratorSID reports whether the SID is a machine or domain
+// built-in Administrator account (S-1-5-21-...-500). RID 500 is reserved for
+// that account; it can be renamed but cannot be removed from the
+// Administrators group.
+func isBuiltinAdministratorSID(sid *windows.SID) bool {
+	if sid.IdentifierAuthority() != windows.SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY {
+		return false
+	}
+	count := sid.SubAuthorityCount()
+	if count < 2 || sid.SubAuthority(0) != 21 {
+		return false
+	}
+	return sid.SubAuthority(uint32(count-1)) == 500
+}
+
+// isLocalAdminsMember reports whether the account is a member of the local
+// Administrators group.
+//
+// Local accounts are checked against the local SAM, which is authoritative for
+// them and, unlike a token, cannot under-report: UAC filters the tokens of
+// local administrators, and a filtered token carries Administrators as
+// deny-only, which a membership check on the token would read as "not a
+// member". Domain accounts are exempt from that filtering, so for them an S4U
+// token is preferred because its group list is LSA's transitive expansion and
+// therefore covers nested and universal groups plus the machine's own local
+// groups. NetUserGetLocalGroups expands only one global-group hop but needs no
+// logon, so it serves as the fallback when no token can be obtained.
+func isLocalAdminsMember(username string) (bool, error) {
+	adminSid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("create Administrators SID: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	account, domain := parseUsername(username)
+	if NewPrivilegeDropper().isLocalUser(domain) {
+		return localGroupsContainSID(account, adminSid)
+	}
+
+	member, s4uErr := s4uTokenIsMember(account, domain, adminSid)
+	if s4uErr == nil {
+		return member, nil
+	}
+	log.Debugf("privilege check: S4U membership check for %q failed, falling back to local group enumeration: %v", username, s4uErr)
+
+	member, err = localGroupsContainSID(buildUserCpn(account, domain), adminSid)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("S4U check: %w; local group enumeration: %w", s4uErr, err)
+	}
+	return member, nil
+}
+
+// s4uTokenIsMember obtains an S4U token for the account and checks whether the
+// given SID is enabled in it.
+func s4uTokenIsMember(account, domain string, sid *windows.SID) (bool, error) {
+	token, err := generateS4UUserToken(log.NewEntry(log.StandardLogger()), account, domain)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := windows.CloseHandle(token); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("close S4U token: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+	return windows.Token(token).IsMember(sid)
+}
+
+// localGroupsContainSID reports whether the wanted group is among the local
+// groups the account belongs to, directly or through a global group.
+//
+// The wanted SID is resolved to its group name once and compared against the
+// enumerated names. Well-known SIDs resolve from a static table, so that lookup
+// needs no domain controller, and it keeps the comparison correct for a renamed
+// or localized group because both sides then carry the new name. Resolving each
+// enumerated name back to a SID instead would add a lookup per group that can
+// block until it times out while a domain controller is unreachable, and cannot
+// change the outcome: the names enumerated here are local groups of this
+// machine, whose names are unique, so a name match identifies the group.
+//
+// A failure to resolve the wanted SID is returned rather than reported as
+// "not a member", so a privilege check built on this fails closed.
+func localGroupsContainSID(username string, want *windows.SID) (bool, error) {
+	wantName, _, _, err := want.LookupAccount("")
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("resolve group SID %s to a name: %w", want, err)
+	}
+
+	groups, err := netUserGetLocalGroups(username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	for _, group := range groups {
+		if strings.EqualFold(group, wantName) {
+			return true, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+// netUserGetLocalGroups returns the names of the local groups the account is a
+// member of, including indirect membership through global groups.
+func netUserGetLocalGroups(username string) ([]string, error) {
+	name16, err := windows.UTF16PtrFromString(username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("convert username: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var buf *byte
+	var entriesRead, totalEntries uint32
+	status, _, _ := procNetUserGetLocalGroups.Call(
+		0, // local server
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(name16)),
+		0, // level 0: LOCALGROUP_USERS_INFO_0
+		lgIncludeIndirect,
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&buf)),
+		maxPreferredLength,
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&entriesRead)),
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&totalEntries)),
+	)
+	if status != 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("NetUserGetLocalGroups for %q: status %d", username, status)
+	}
+	if buf == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := windows.NetApiBufferFree(buf); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("free NetApi buffer: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// MAX_PREFERRED_LENGTH makes the API allocate as much as it needs, so a
+	// short read is not expected. Report it rather than silently returning a
+	// subset of the account's groups.
+	if entriesRead != totalEntries {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("NetUserGetLocalGroups for %q returned %d of %d groups", username, entriesRead, totalEntries)
+	}
+
+	entries := unsafe.Slice((*localGroupUsersInfo0)(unsafe.Pointer(buf)), entriesRead)
+	groups := make([]string, 0, entriesRead)
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		groups = append(groups, windows.UTF16PtrToString(entry.name))
+	}
+	return groups, nil
+}
--- a/client/ssh/server/privileges_windows_test.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/privileges_windows_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package server
+
+import (
+	"os/user"
+	"testing"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+// filterNormalAccount limits NetUserEnum to normal user accounts.
+const filterNormalAccount = 0x2
+
+// userInfo0 mirrors USER_INFO_0.
+type userInfo0 struct {
+	name *uint16
+}
+
+func mustParseSID(t *testing.T, s string) *windows.SID {
+	t.Helper()
+	sid, err := windows.StringToSid(s)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "parse SID %s", s)
+	return sid
+}
+
+// localAccountNames returns the names of the local user accounts.
+func localAccountNames(t *testing.T) []string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var buf *byte
+	var entriesRead, totalEntries, resume uint32
+	err := windows.NetUserEnum(nil, 0, filterNormalAccount, &buf, maxPreferredLength,
+		&entriesRead, &totalEntries, &resume)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "enumerate local users")
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, windows.NetApiBufferFree(buf), "free NetApi buffer")
+	})
+
+	entries := unsafe.Slice((*userInfo0)(unsafe.Pointer(buf)), entriesRead)
+	names := make([]string, 0, entriesRead)
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		names = append(names, windows.UTF16PtrToString(entry.name))
+	}
+	return names
+}
+
+// localAccountNameByRID returns the name of the local account carrying the
+// given RID. Accounts such as Administrator and Guest can be renamed and are
+// localized, so tests must not name them literally.
+func localAccountNameByRID(t *testing.T, rid uint32) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	for _, name := range localAccountNames(t) {
+		sid, _, _, err := windows.LookupSID("", name)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if sid.IdentifierAuthority() != windows.SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY {
+			continue
+		}
+		count := sid.SubAuthorityCount()
+		if count < 2 || sid.SubAuthority(0) != 21 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if sid.SubAuthority(uint32(count-1)) == rid {
+			return name
+		}
+	}
+
+	t.Fatalf("no local account with RID %d", rid)
+	return ""
+}
+
+// wellKnownAccountName resolves a well-known SID to the qualified account name
+// the local system uses for it, which is localized.
+func wellKnownAccountName(t *testing.T, sidType windows.WELL_KNOWN_SID_TYPE) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	sid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(sidType)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create well-known SID")
+	name, domain, _, err := sid.LookupAccount("")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "resolve %s to an account name", sid)
+	if domain == "" {
+		return name
+	}
+	return domain + `\` + name
+}
+
+func TestIsBuiltinAdministratorSID(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		sid  string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"machine_administrator", "S-1-5-21-1111111111-2222222222-3333333333-500", true},
+		{"domain_administrator", "S-1-5-21-3390233681-4087452608-412898826-500", true},
+		{"regular_user", "S-1-5-21-1111111111-2222222222-3333333333-1001", false},
+		{"guest_account", "S-1-5-21-1111111111-2222222222-3333333333-501", false},
+		{"domain_admins_group", "S-1-5-21-1111111111-2222222222-3333333333-512", false},
+		{"system", "S-1-5-18", false},
+		{"administrators_group", "S-1-5-32-544", false},
+		{"non_nt_authority", "S-1-1-0", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := isBuiltinAdministratorSID(mustParseSID(t, tt.sid))
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, result, "RID 500 detection for %s", tt.sid)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsPrivilegedUserSID(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		sid  string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"local_system", "S-1-5-18", true},
+		{"local_service", "S-1-5-19", true},
+		{"network_service", "S-1-5-20", true},
+		{"administrators_group", "S-1-5-32-544", true},
+		{"builtin_administrator", "S-1-5-21-1111111111-2222222222-3333333333-500", true},
+		{"regular_user", "S-1-5-21-1111111111-2222222222-3333333333-1001", false},
+		{"users_group", "S-1-5-32-545", false},
+		{"everyone", "S-1-1-0", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := isPrivilegedUserSID(mustParseSID(t, tt.sid))
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, result, "SID privilege classification for %s", tt.sid)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsWindowsAccountPrivileged(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		username string
+		want     bool
+	}{
+		{"system", wellKnownAccountName(t, windows.WinLocalSystemSid), true},
+		{"local_service", wellKnownAccountName(t, windows.WinLocalServiceSid), true},
+		{"network_service", wellKnownAccountName(t, windows.WinNetworkServiceSid), true},
+		{"administrators_group", wellKnownAccountName(t, windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid), true},
+		// The built-in Administrator (RID 500) and Guest (RID 501) accounts
+		// exist on every Windows installation, though they may be disabled.
+		{"builtin_administrator", localAccountNameByRID(t, 500), true},
+		{"guest", localAccountNameByRID(t, 501), false},
+		// Unresolvable accounts fail closed.
+		{"nonexistent_user", "netbird-no-such-user", true},
+		{"empty_username", "", true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := isWindowsAccountPrivileged(tt.username)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, result, "account privilege classification for %q", tt.username)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsProcessElevated(t *testing.T) {
+	adminSid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create Administrators SID")
+
+	// Token(0) makes CheckTokenMembership evaluate the caller's own token.
+	member, err := windows.Token(0).IsMember(adminSid)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "check own Administrators membership")
+
+	elevated := isProcessElevated()
+	t.Logf("member of Administrators: %v, token elevated: %v", member, elevated)
+
+	// An enabled Administrators SID in the token implies an elevated token.
+	// CI runs this test as SYSTEM, which satisfies both.
+	if member {
+		assert.True(t, elevated, "token with enabled Administrators membership must report elevated")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestS4UMembershipAgreesWithLocalGroups exercises the S4U token path used
+// for domain accounts. S4U logons need the TCB privilege, so the test runs
+// only as SYSTEM (which is how CI executes the suite). For local accounts the
+// token's Administrators membership must agree with the SAM enumeration.
+func TestS4UMembershipAgreesWithLocalGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	system, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinLocalSystemSid)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create SYSTEM SID")
+	current, err := user.Current()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "get current user")
+	if current.Uid != system.String() {
+		t.Skipf("S4U logon requires SYSTEM (running as %s)", current.Username)
+	}
+
+	adminSid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create Administrators SID")
+
+	checked := 0
+	for _, name := range localAccountNames(t) {
+		viaToken, err := s4uTokenIsMember(name, ".", adminSid)
+		if err != nil {
+			// Disabled or logon-restricted accounts cannot get an S4U logon.
+			t.Logf("skipping %s: %v", name, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		viaSAM, err := localGroupsContainSID(name, adminSid)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "enumerate local groups for %s", name)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, viaSAM, viaToken, "S4U token and SAM enumeration must agree on Administrators membership for %s", name)
+		checked++
+	}
+	t.Logf("checked %d local accounts via S4U", checked)
+}
+
+// TestLocalGroupsContainSID_Administrator checks the positive case against the
+// built-in Administrator, a member of Administrators on every installation.
+func TestLocalGroupsContainSID_Administrator(t *testing.T) {
+	adminSid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create Administrators SID")
+
+	administrator := localAccountNameByRID(t, 500)
+	member, err := localGroupsContainSID(administrator, adminSid)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "enumerate local groups for %s", administrator)
+	assert.True(t, member, "%s is a member of the Administrators group", administrator)
+}
+
+// TestLocalGroupsContainSID_UnresolvableGroupFailsClosed covers a wanted SID
+// that resolves to no group: the error must surface rather than being reported
+// as "not a member", so the privilege check treats the account as privileged.
+func TestLocalGroupsContainSID_UnresolvableGroupFailsClosed(t *testing.T) {
+	unknown := mustParseSID(t, "S-1-5-21-1111111111-2222222222-3333333333-4444")
+
+	_, err := localGroupsContainSID(localAccountNameByRID(t, 500), unknown)
+	require.Error(t, err, "must report an error when the wanted group cannot be identified")
+}
+
+func TestLocalGroupsContainSID_Guest(t *testing.T) {
+	guestsSid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinBuiltinGuestsSid)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create Guests SID")
+	adminsSid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create Administrators SID")
+
+	guest := localAccountNameByRID(t, 501)
+
+	inGuests, err := localGroupsContainSID(guest, guestsSid)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "enumerate local groups for %s", guest)
+	assert.True(t, inGuests, "%s is a member of the Guests group", guest)
+
+	inAdmins, err := localGroupsContainSID(guest, adminsSid)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "enumerate local groups for %s", guest)
+	assert.False(t, inAdmins, "%s is not a member of the Administrators group", guest)
+}
--- a/client/ssh/server/server_config_test.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/server_config_test.go
@@ -420,6 +420,13 @@ func TestServer_PortConflictHandling(t *testing.T) {

 func TestServer_IsPrivilegedUser(t *testing.T) {

+	// Windows classification depends on account SIDs and group membership, and
+	// the accounts involved carry localized, renameable names. It is covered by
+	// TestIsWindowsAccountPrivileged, which resolves them from well-known SIDs.
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("covered by TestIsWindowsAccountPrivileged")
+	}
+
 	tests := []struct {
 		username    string
 		expected    bool
@@ -440,39 +447,11 @@ func TestServer_IsPrivilegedUser(t *testing.T) {
 			expected:    false,
 			description: "empty username should not be privileged",
 		},
-	}
-
-	// Add Windows-specific tests
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		tests = append(tests, []struct {
-			username    string
-			expected    bool
-			description string
-		}{
-			{
-				username:    "Administrator",
-				expected:    true,
-				description: "Administrator should be considered privileged on Windows",
-			},
-			{
-				username:    "administrator",
-				expected:    true,
-				description: "administrator should be considered privileged on Windows (case insensitive)",
-			},
-		}...)
-	} else {
-		// On non-Windows systems, Administrator should not be privileged
-		tests = append(tests, []struct {
-			username    string
-			expected    bool
-			description string
-		}{
-			{
-				username:    "Administrator",
-				expected:    false,
-				description: "Administrator should not be privileged on non-Windows systems",
-			},
-		}...)
+		{
+			username:    "Administrator",
+			expected:    false,
+			description: "Administrator should not be privileged on non-Windows systems",
+		},
 	}

 	for _, tt := range tests {
--- a/client/ssh/server/sftp_windows.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/sftp_windows.go
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 // createSftpCommand creates a Windows SFTP command with user switching.
 // The caller must close the returned token handle after starting the process.
 func (s *Server) createSftpCommand(targetUser *user.User, sess ssh.Session) (*exec.Cmd, windows.Token, error) {
-	username, domain := s.parseUsername(targetUser.Username)
+	username, domain := parseUsername(targetUser.Username)

 	netbirdPath, err := os.Executable()
 	if err != nil {
--- a/client/ssh/server/user_utils.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/user_utils.go
@@ -16,11 +16,6 @@ var (
 	ErrPrivilegedUserSwitch = errors.New("cannot switch to privileged user - current user lacks required privileges")
 )

-// isPlatformUnix returns true for Unix-like platforms (Linux, macOS, etc.)
-func isPlatformUnix() bool {
-	return getCurrentOS() != "windows"
-}
-
 // Dependency injection variables for testing - allows mocking dynamic runtime checks
 var (
 	getCurrentUser         = currentUserWithGetent
@@ -29,6 +24,9 @@ var (
 	getIsProcessPrivileged = isCurrentProcessPrivileged

 	getEuid = os.Geteuid
+
+	getProcessElevated          = isProcessElevated
+	getWindowsAccountPrivileged = isWindowsAccountPrivileged
 )

 const (
@@ -65,6 +63,13 @@ type PrivilegeCheckResult struct {
 	RequiresUserSwitching bool
 }

+// privilegeCheckContext holds all context needed for privilege checking
+type privilegeCheckContext struct {
+	currentUser           *user.User
+	currentUserPrivileged bool
+	allowRoot             bool
+}
+
 // CheckPrivileges performs comprehensive privilege checking for all SSH features.
 // This is the single source of truth for privilege decisions across the SSH server.
 func (s *Server) CheckPrivileges(req PrivilegeCheckRequest) PrivilegeCheckResult {
@@ -175,6 +180,42 @@ func (s *Server) resolveRequestedUser(requestedUsername string) (*user.User, err
 	return u, nil
 }

+// SetAllowRootLogin configures root login access
+func (s *Server) SetAllowRootLogin(allow bool) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.allowRootLogin = allow
+}
+
+// userNameLookup performs user lookup with root login permission check
+func (s *Server) userNameLookup(username string) (*user.User, error) {
+	result, err := s.userPrivilegeCheck(username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return result.User, nil
+}
+
+// userPrivilegeCheck performs user lookup with full privilege check result
+func (s *Server) userPrivilegeCheck(username string) (PrivilegeCheckResult, error) {
+	result := s.CheckPrivileges(PrivilegeCheckRequest{
+		RequestedUsername:         username,
+		FeatureSupportsUserSwitch: true,
+		FeatureName:               FeatureSSHLogin,
+	})
+
+	if !result.Allowed {
+		return result, result.Error
+	}
+
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+// isPlatformUnix returns true for Unix-like platforms (Linux, macOS, etc.)
+func isPlatformUnix() bool {
+	return getCurrentOS() != "windows"
+}
+
 // isSameResolvedUser compares two resolved user identities
 func isSameResolvedUser(user1, user2 *user.User) bool {
 	if user1 == nil || user2 == nil {
@@ -183,13 +224,6 @@ func isSameResolvedUser(user1, user2 *user.User) bool {
 	return user1.Uid == user2.Uid
 }

-// privilegeCheckContext holds all context needed for privilege checking
-type privilegeCheckContext struct {
-	currentUser           *user.User
-	currentUserPrivileged bool
-	allowRoot             bool
-}
-
 // isSameUser checks if two usernames refer to the same user
 // SECURITY: This function must be conservative - it should only return true
 // when we're certain both usernames refer to the exact same user identity
@@ -253,159 +287,24 @@ func isWindowsSameUser(requestedUsername, currentUsername string) bool {
 	return strings.EqualFold(reqDomain, curDomain)
 }

-// SetAllowRootLogin configures root login access
-func (s *Server) SetAllowRootLogin(allow bool) {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.mu.Unlock()
-	s.allowRootLogin = allow
-}
-
-// userNameLookup performs user lookup with root login permission check
-func (s *Server) userNameLookup(username string) (*user.User, error) {
-	result := s.CheckPrivileges(PrivilegeCheckRequest{
-		RequestedUsername:         username,
-		FeatureSupportsUserSwitch: true,
-		FeatureName:               FeatureSSHLogin,
-	})
-
-	if !result.Allowed {
-		return nil, result.Error
-	}
-
-	return result.User, nil
-}
-
-// userPrivilegeCheck performs user lookup with full privilege check result
-func (s *Server) userPrivilegeCheck(username string) (PrivilegeCheckResult, error) {
-	result := s.CheckPrivileges(PrivilegeCheckRequest{
-		RequestedUsername:         username,
-		FeatureSupportsUserSwitch: true,
-		FeatureName:               FeatureSSHLogin,
-	})
-
-	if !result.Allowed {
-		return result, result.Error
-	}
-
-	return result, nil
-}
-
 // isPrivilegedUsername checks if the given username represents a privileged user across platforms.
-// On Unix: root
-// On Windows: Administrator, SYSTEM (case-insensitive)
-// Handles domain-qualified usernames like "DOMAIN\Administrator" or "user@domain.com"
+// On Unix: root.
+// On Windows: well-known service accounts, built-in Administrator accounts,
+// and members of the local Administrators group; handles domain-qualified
+// usernames like "DOMAIN\user" or "user@domain.com".
 func isPrivilegedUsername(username string) bool {
 	if getCurrentOS() != "windows" {
 		return username == "root"
 	}
-
-	bareUsername := username
-	// Handle Windows domain format: DOMAIN\username
-	if idx := strings.LastIndex(username, `\`); idx != -1 {
-		bareUsername = username[idx+1:]
-	}
-	// Handle email-style format: username@domain.com
-	if idx := strings.Index(bareUsername, "@"); idx != -1 {
-		bareUsername = bareUsername[:idx]
-	}
-
-	return isWindowsPrivilegedUser(bareUsername)
-}
-
-// isWindowsPrivilegedUser checks if a bare username (domain already stripped) represents a Windows privileged account
-func isWindowsPrivilegedUser(bareUsername string) bool {
-	// common privileged usernames (case insensitive)
-	privilegedNames := []string{
-		"administrator",
-		"admin",
-		"root",
-		"system",
-		"localsystem",
-		"networkservice",
-		"localservice",
-	}
-
-	usernameLower := strings.ToLower(bareUsername)
-	for _, privilegedName := range privilegedNames {
-		if usernameLower == privilegedName {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-
-	// computer accounts (ending with $) are not privileged by themselves
-	// They only gain privileges through group membership or specific SIDs
-
-	if targetUser, err := lookupUser(bareUsername); err == nil {
-		return isWindowsPrivilegedSID(targetUser.Uid)
-	}
-
-	return false
-}
-
-// isWindowsPrivilegedSID checks if a Windows SID represents a privileged account
-func isWindowsPrivilegedSID(sid string) bool {
-	privilegedSIDs := []string{
-		"S-1-5-18",     // Local System (SYSTEM)
-		"S-1-5-19",     // Local Service (NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE)
-		"S-1-5-20",     // Network Service (NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE)
-		"S-1-5-32-544", // Administrators group (BUILTIN\Administrators)
-		"S-1-5-500",    // Built-in Administrator account (local machine RID 500)
-	}
-
-	for _, privilegedSID := range privilegedSIDs {
-		if sid == privilegedSID {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Check for domain administrator accounts (RID 500 in any domain)
-	// Format: S-1-5-21-domain-domain-domain-500
-	// This is reliable as RID 500 is reserved for the domain Administrator account
-	if strings.HasPrefix(sid, "S-1-5-21-") && strings.HasSuffix(sid, "-500") {
-		return true
-	}
-
-	// Check for other well-known privileged RIDs in domain contexts
-	// RID 512 = Domain Admins group, RID 516 = Domain Controllers group
-	if strings.HasPrefix(sid, "S-1-5-21-") {
-		if strings.HasSuffix(sid, "-512") || // Domain Admins group
-			strings.HasSuffix(sid, "-516") || // Domain Controllers group
-			strings.HasSuffix(sid, "-519") { // Enterprise Admins group
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-
-	return false
+	return getWindowsAccountPrivileged(username)
 }

 // isCurrentProcessPrivileged checks if the current process is running with elevated privileges.
 // On Unix systems, this means running as root (UID 0).
-// On Windows, this means running as Administrator or SYSTEM.
+// On Windows, this means the process token is elevated (administrators, SYSTEM).
 func isCurrentProcessPrivileged() bool {
 	if getCurrentOS() == "windows" {
-		return isWindowsElevated()
+		return getProcessElevated()
 	}
 	return getEuid() == 0
 }
-
-// isWindowsElevated checks if the current process is running with elevated privileges on Windows
-func isWindowsElevated() bool {
-	currentUser, err := getCurrentUser()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to get current user for privilege check, assuming non-privileged: %v", err)
-		return false
-	}
-
-	if isWindowsPrivilegedSID(currentUser.Uid) {
-		log.Debugf("Windows user switching supported: running as privileged SID %s", currentUser.Uid)
-		return true
-	}
-
-	if isPrivilegedUsername(currentUser.Username) {
-		log.Debugf("Windows user switching supported: running as privileged username %s", currentUser.Username)
-		return true
-	}
-
-	log.Debugf("Windows user switching not supported: not running as privileged user (current: %s)", currentUser.Uid)
-	return false
-}
--- a/client/ssh/server/user_utils_test.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/user_utils_test.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"os/user"
 	"runtime"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -27,8 +28,8 @@ func setupTestDependencies(currentUser *user.User, currentUserErr error, os stri
 	originalLookupUser := lookupUser
 	originalGetCurrentOS := getCurrentOS
 	originalGetEuid := getEuid
-
-	// Reset caches to ensure clean test state
+	originalGetProcessElevated := getProcessElevated
+	originalGetWindowsAccountPrivileged := getWindowsAccountPrivileged

 	// Set test values - inject platform dependencies
 	getCurrentUser = func() (*user.User, error) {
@@ -53,16 +54,31 @@ func setupTestDependencies(currentUser *user.User, currentUserErr error, os stri
 		return euid
 	}

-	// Mock privilege detection based on the test user
-	getIsProcessPrivileged = func() bool {
+	// Simulate the Windows token elevation check based on the fixture user:
+	// the built-in Administrator (RID 500) and SYSTEM run elevated.
+	getProcessElevated = func() bool {
 		if currentUser == nil {
 			return false
 		}
-		// Check both username and SID for Windows systems
-		if os == "windows" && isWindowsPrivilegedSID(currentUser.Uid) {
+		return currentUser.Uid == "S-1-5-18" || strings.HasSuffix(currentUser.Uid, "-500")
+	}
+
+	// Simulate the Windows account classifier for the fixture accounts.
+	// "root" does not exist on Windows; the real classifier fails closed on
+	// unresolvable accounts, so it counts as privileged here too.
+	getWindowsAccountPrivileged = func(username string) bool {
+		bare := username
+		if idx := strings.LastIndex(bare, `\`); idx != -1 {
+			bare = bare[idx+1:]
+		}
+		if idx := strings.Index(bare, "@"); idx != -1 {
+			bare = bare[:idx]
+		}
+		switch strings.ToLower(bare) {
+		case "administrator", "system", "root":
 			return true
 		}
-		return isPrivilegedUsername(currentUser.Username)
+		return false
 	}

 	// Return cleanup function
@@ -71,10 +87,8 @@ func setupTestDependencies(currentUser *user.User, currentUserErr error, os stri
 		lookupUser = originalLookupUser
 		getCurrentOS = originalGetCurrentOS
 		getEuid = originalGetEuid
-
-		getIsProcessPrivileged = isCurrentProcessPrivileged
-
-		// Reset caches after test
+		getProcessElevated = originalGetProcessElevated
+		getWindowsAccountPrivileged = originalGetWindowsAccountPrivileged
 	}
 }

@@ -421,6 +435,9 @@ func TestUsedFallback_MeansNoPrivilegeDropping(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestPrivilegedUsernameDetection(t *testing.T) {
+	// Windows classification is syscall-backed (SID resolution, group
+	// membership) and is covered by privileges_windows_test.go; here only the
+	// Unix logic and the platform dispatch are exercised.
 	tests := []struct {
 		name       string
 		username   string
@@ -432,25 +449,9 @@ func TestPrivilegedUsernameDetection(t *testing.T) {
 		{"unix_regular_user", "alice", "linux", false},
 		{"unix_root_capital", "Root", "linux", false}, // Case-sensitive

-		// Windows tests
+		// Windows dispatch to the (mocked) account classifier
 		{"windows_administrator", "Administrator", "windows", true},
-		{"windows_system", "SYSTEM", "windows", true},
-		{"windows_admin", "admin", "windows", true},
-		{"windows_admin_lowercase", "administrator", "windows", true}, // Case-insensitive
-		{"windows_domain_admin", "DOMAIN\\Administrator", "windows", true},
-		{"windows_email_admin", "admin@domain.com", "windows", true},
 		{"windows_regular_user", "alice", "windows", false},
-		{"windows_domain_user", "DOMAIN\\alice", "windows", false},
-		{"windows_localsystem", "localsystem", "windows", true},
-		{"windows_networkservice", "networkservice", "windows", true},
-		{"windows_localservice", "localservice", "windows", true},
-
-		// Computer accounts (these depend on current user context in real implementation)
-		{"windows_computer_account", "WIN2K19-C2$", "windows", false},      // Computer account by itself not privileged
-		{"windows_domain_computer", "DOMAIN\\COMPUTER$", "windows", false}, // Domain computer account
-
-		// Cross-platform
-		{"root_on_windows", "root", "windows", true}, // Root should be privileged everywhere
 	}

 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -460,49 +461,7 @@ func TestPrivilegedUsernameDetection(t *testing.T) {
 			defer cleanup()

 			result := isPrivilegedUsername(tt.username)
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.privileged, result)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWindowsPrivilegedSIDDetection(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name        string
-		sid         string
-		privileged  bool
-		description string
-	}{
-		// Well-known system accounts
-		{"system_account", "S-1-5-18", true, "Local System (SYSTEM)"},
-		{"local_service", "S-1-5-19", true, "Local Service"},
-		{"network_service", "S-1-5-20", true, "Network Service"},
-		{"administrators_group", "S-1-5-32-544", true, "Administrators group"},
-		{"builtin_administrator", "S-1-5-500", true, "Built-in Administrator"},
-
-		// Domain accounts
-		{"domain_administrator", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-500", true, "Domain Administrator (RID 500)"},
-		{"domain_admins_group", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-512", true, "Domain Admins group"},
-		{"domain_controllers_group", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-516", true, "Domain Controllers group"},
-		{"enterprise_admins_group", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-519", true, "Enterprise Admins group"},
-
-		// Regular users
-		{"regular_user", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-1001", false, "Regular domain user"},
-		{"another_regular_user", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-1234", false, "Another regular user"},
-		{"local_user", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-1000", false, "Local regular user"},
-
-		// Groups that are not privileged
-		{"domain_users", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-513", false, "Domain Users group"},
-		{"power_users", "S-1-5-32-547", false, "Power Users group"},
-
-		// Invalid SIDs
-		{"malformed_sid", "S-1-5-invalid", false, "Malformed SID"},
-		{"empty_sid", "", false, "Empty SID"},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			result := isWindowsPrivilegedSID(tt.sid)
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.privileged, result, "Failed for %s: %s", tt.description, tt.sid)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.privileged, result, "privilege classification for %s on %s", tt.username, tt.platform)
 		})
 	}
 }
--- a/client/ssh/server/userswitching_windows.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/userswitching_windows.go
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ func validateUsernameFormat(username string) error {
 func (s *Server) createExecutorCommand(logger *log.Entry, session ssh.Session, localUser *user.User, hasPty bool) (*exec.Cmd, func(), error) {
 	logger.Debugf("creating Windows executor command for user %s (Pty: %v)", localUser.Username, hasPty)

-	username, _ := s.parseUsername(localUser.Username)
+	username, _ := parseUsername(localUser.Username)
 	if err := validateUsername(username); err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid username %q: %w", username, err)
 	}
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func (s *Server) createExecutorCommand(logger *log.Entry, session ssh.Session, l
 // createUserSwitchCommand creates a command with Windows user switching.
 // Returns the command and a cleanup function that must be called after starting the process.
 func (s *Server) createUserSwitchCommand(logger *log.Entry, session ssh.Session, localUser *user.User) (*exec.Cmd, func(), error) {
-	username, domain := s.parseUsername(localUser.Username)
+	username, domain := parseUsername(localUser.Username)

 	shell := getUserShell(localUser.Uid)

@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func (s *Server) createUserSwitchCommand(logger *log.Entry, session ssh.Session,
 }

 // parseUsername extracts username and domain from a Windows username
-func (s *Server) parseUsername(fullUsername string) (username, domain string) {
+func parseUsername(fullUsername string) (username, domain string) {
 	// Handle DOMAIN\username format
 	if idx := strings.LastIndex(fullUsername, `\`); idx != -1 {
 		domain = fullUsername[:idx]
--- a/client/ui/services/windowtheme_windows.go
+++ b/client/ui/services/windowtheme_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package services
+
+import "github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/w32"
+
+// Wails assigns w32.AllowDarkModeForWindow only on builds >= 18334 but calls it
+// without a nil check when a window requests the Dark theme, crashing older
+// builds such as Windows Server 2019 (17763). Those builds still get a dark
+// title bar via the pre-20H1 DWM attribute that w32.SetTheme applies, so a
+// no-op stub keeps the Dark theme fully working there.
+func init() {
+	if w32.AllowDarkModeForWindow == nil {
+		w32.AllowDarkModeForWindow = func(w32.HWND, bool) uintptr { return 0 }
+	}
+}
--- a/infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-dex.sh
+++ b/infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-dex.sh
@@ -1,557 +1,19 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash

-set -e
+cat >&2 <<'EOF'
+ERROR: This legacy installation script has been retired and no longer runs.

-# NetBird Getting Started with Dex IDP
-# This script sets up NetBird with Dex as the identity provider
+Dex support is not deprecated. For new deployments, use getting-started.sh:

-# Sed pattern to strip base64 padding characters
-SED_STRIP_PADDING='s/=//g'
+https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-quickstart

-check_docker_compose() {
-  if command -v docker-compose &> /dev/null
-  then
-      echo "docker-compose"
-      return
-  fi
-  if docker compose --help &> /dev/null
-  then
-      echo "docker compose"
-      return
-  fi
+The current installer includes NetBird's embedded Dex-based identity provider.
+Local users and external identity providers can be managed through the
+NetBird Dashboard:

-  echo "docker-compose is not installed or not in PATH. Please follow the steps from the official guide: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/" > /dev/stderr
-  exit 1
-}
+https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/identity-providers/local

-check_jq() {
-  if ! command -v jq &> /dev/null
-  then
-    echo "jq is not installed or not in PATH, please install with your package manager. e.g. sudo apt install jq" > /dev/stderr
-    exit 1
-  fi
-  return 0
-}
-
-get_main_ip_address() {
-  if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
-    interface=$(route -n get default | grep 'interface:' | awk '{print $2}')
-    ip_address=$(ifconfig "$interface" | grep 'inet ' | awk '{print $2}')
-  else
-    interface=$(ip route | grep default | awk '{print $5}' | head -n 1)
-    ip_address=$(ip addr show "$interface" | grep 'inet ' | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d'/' -f1)
-  fi
-
-  echo "$ip_address"
-  return 0
-}
-
-check_nb_domain() {
-  DOMAIN=$1
-  if [[ "$DOMAIN-x" == "-x" ]]; then
-    echo "The NETBIRD_DOMAIN variable cannot be empty." > /dev/stderr
-    return 1
-  fi
-
-  if [[ "$DOMAIN" == "netbird.example.com" ]]; then
-    echo "The NETBIRD_DOMAIN cannot be netbird.example.com" > /dev/stderr
-    return 1
-  fi
-  return 0
-}
-
-read_nb_domain() {
-  READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN=""
-  echo -n "Enter the domain you want to use for NetBird (e.g. netbird.my-domain.com): " > /dev/stderr
-  read -r READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN < /dev/tty
-  if ! check_nb_domain "$READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN"; then
-    read_nb_domain
-  fi
-  echo "$READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN"
-  return 0
-}
-
-get_turn_external_ip() {
-  TURN_EXTERNAL_IP_CONFIG="#external-ip="
-  IP=$(curl -s -4 https://jsonip.com | jq -r '.ip')
-  if [[ "x-$IP" != "x-" ]]; then
-    TURN_EXTERNAL_IP_CONFIG="external-ip=$IP"
-  fi
-  echo "$TURN_EXTERNAL_IP_CONFIG"
-  return 0
-}
-
-wait_dex() {
-  set +e
-  echo -n "Waiting for Dex to become ready (via $NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN)"
-  counter=1
-  while true; do
-    # Check Dex through Caddy proxy (also validates TLS is working)
-    if curl -sk -f -o /dev/null "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex/.well-known/openid-configuration" 2>/dev/null; then
-      break
-    fi
-    if [[ $counter -eq 60 ]]; then
-      echo ""
-      echo "Taking too long. Checking logs..."
-      $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND logs --tail=20 caddy
-      $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND logs --tail=20 dex
-    fi
-    echo -n " ."
-    sleep 2
-    counter=$((counter + 1))
-  done
-  echo " done"
-  set -e
-  return 0
-}
-
-init_environment() {
-  CADDY_SECURE_DOMAIN=""
-  NETBIRD_PORT=80
-  NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL="http"
-  NETBIRD_RELAY_PROTO="rel"
-  TURN_USER="self"
-  TURN_PASSWORD=$(openssl rand -base64 32 | sed "$SED_STRIP_PADDING")
-  NETBIRD_RELAY_AUTH_SECRET=$(openssl rand -base64 32 | sed "$SED_STRIP_PADDING")
-  TURN_MIN_PORT=49152
-  TURN_MAX_PORT=65535
-  TURN_EXTERNAL_IP_CONFIG=$(get_turn_external_ip)
-
-  # Generate secrets for Dex
-  DEX_DASHBOARD_CLIENT_SECRET=$(openssl rand -base64 32 | sed "$SED_STRIP_PADDING")
-
-  # Generate admin password
-  NETBIRD_ADMIN_PASSWORD=$(openssl rand -base64 16 | sed "$SED_STRIP_PADDING")
-
-  if ! check_nb_domain "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN"; then
-    NETBIRD_DOMAIN=$(read_nb_domain)
-  fi
-
-  if [[ "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN" == "use-ip" ]]; then
-    NETBIRD_DOMAIN=$(get_main_ip_address)
-  else
-    NETBIRD_PORT=443
-    CADDY_SECURE_DOMAIN=", $NETBIRD_DOMAIN:$NETBIRD_PORT"
-    NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL="https"
-    NETBIRD_RELAY_PROTO="rels"
-  fi
-
-  check_jq
-
-  DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND=$(check_docker_compose)
-
-  if [[ -f dex.yaml ]]; then
-    echo "Generated files already exist, if you want to reinitialize the environment, please remove them first."
-    echo "You can use the following commands:"
-    echo "  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND down --volumes # to remove all containers and volumes"
-    echo "  rm -f docker-compose.yml Caddyfile dex.yaml dashboard.env turnserver.conf management.json relay.env"
-    echo "Be aware that this will remove all data from the database, and you will have to reconfigure the dashboard."
-    exit 1
-  fi
-
-  echo Rendering initial files...
-  render_docker_compose > docker-compose.yml
-  render_caddyfile > Caddyfile
-  render_dex_config > dex.yaml
-  render_dashboard_env > dashboard.env
-  render_management_json > management.json
-  render_turn_server_conf > turnserver.conf
-  render_relay_env > relay.env
-
-  echo -e "\nStarting Dex IDP\n"
-  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND up -d caddy dex
-
-  # Wait for Dex to be ready (through caddy proxy)
-  sleep 3
-  wait_dex
-
-  echo -e "\nStarting NetBird services\n"
-  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND up -d
-
-  echo -e "\nDone!\n"
-  echo "You can access the NetBird dashboard at $NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN"
-  echo ""
-  echo "Login with the following credentials:"
-  install -m 600 /dev/null .env
-  printf 'Email: admin@%s\nPassword: %s\n' \
-      "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN" "$NETBIRD_ADMIN_PASSWORD" >> .env
-  echo "Email: admin@$NETBIRD_DOMAIN"
-  echo "Password: $NETBIRD_ADMIN_PASSWORD"
-  echo ""
-  echo "Dex admin UI is not available (Dex has no built-in UI)."
-  echo "To add more users, edit dex.yaml and restart: $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND restart dex"
-  return 0
-}
-
-render_caddyfile() {
-  cat <<EOF
-{
-  debug
-  servers :80,:443 {
-    protocols h1 h2c h2 h3
-  }
-}
-
-(security_headers) {
-    header * {
-        Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=3600; includeSubDomains; preload"
-        X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"
-        X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN"
-        X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"
-        -Server
-        Referrer-Policy strict-origin-when-cross-origin
-    }
-}
-
-:80${CADDY_SECURE_DOMAIN} {
-    import security_headers
-    # Relay
-    reverse_proxy /relay* relay:80
-    # Signal
-    reverse_proxy /signalexchange.SignalExchange/* h2c://signal:10000
-    # Management
-    reverse_proxy /api/* management:80
-    reverse_proxy /management.ManagementService/* h2c://management:80
-    # Dex
-    reverse_proxy /dex/* dex:5556
-    # Dashboard
-    reverse_proxy /* dashboard:80
-}
+This compatibility notice will be removed in NetBird v0.80.
 EOF
-  return 0
-}

-render_dex_config() {
-  # Generate bcrypt hash of the admin password
-  # Using a simple approach - htpasswd or python if available
-  ADMIN_PASSWORD_HASH=""
-  if command -v htpasswd &> /dev/null; then
-    ADMIN_PASSWORD_HASH=$(htpasswd -bnBC 10 "" "$NETBIRD_ADMIN_PASSWORD" | tr -d ':\n')
-  elif command -v python3 &> /dev/null; then
-    ADMIN_PASSWORD_HASH=$(python3 -c "import bcrypt; print(bcrypt.hashpw('$NETBIRD_ADMIN_PASSWORD'.encode(), bcrypt.gensalt(rounds=10)).decode())" 2>/dev/null || echo "")
-  fi
-
-  # Fallback to a known hash if we can't generate one
-  if [[ -z "$ADMIN_PASSWORD_HASH" ]]; then
-    # This is hash of "password" - user should change it
-    ADMIN_PASSWORD_HASH='$2a$10$2b2cU8CPhOTaGrs1HRQuAueS7JTT5ZHsHSzYiFPm1leZck7Mc8T4W'
-    NETBIRD_ADMIN_PASSWORD="password"
-    echo "Warning: Could not generate password hash. Using default password: password. Please change it in dex.yaml" > /dev/stderr
-  fi
-
-  cat <<EOF
-# Dex configuration for NetBird
-# Generated by getting-started-with-dex.sh
-
-issuer: $NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex
-
-storage:
-  type: sqlite3
-  config:
-    file: /var/dex/dex.db
-
-web:
-  http: 0.0.0.0:5556
-
-# gRPC API for user management (used by NetBird IDP manager)
-grpc:
-  addr: 0.0.0.0:5557
-
-oauth2:
-  skipApprovalScreen: true
-
-# Static OAuth2 clients for NetBird
-staticClients:
-  # Dashboard client
-  - id: netbird-dashboard
-    name: NetBird Dashboard
-    secret: $DEX_DASHBOARD_CLIENT_SECRET
-    redirectURIs:
-      - $NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/nb-auth
-      - $NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/nb-silent-auth
-
-  # CLI client (public - uses PKCE)
-  - id: netbird-cli
-    name: NetBird CLI
-    public: true
-    redirectURIs:
-      - http://localhost:53000/
-      - http://localhost:54000/
-
-# Enable password database for static users
-enablePasswordDB: true
-
-# Static users - add more users here as needed
-staticPasswords:
-  - email: "admin@$NETBIRD_DOMAIN"
-    hash: "$ADMIN_PASSWORD_HASH"
-    username: "admin"
-    userID: "$(uuidgen 2>/dev/null || cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid 2>/dev/null || echo "admin-user-id-001")"
-
-# Optional: Add external identity provider connectors
-# connectors:
-#   - type: github
-#     id: github
-#     name: GitHub
-#     config:
-#       clientID: \$GITHUB_CLIENT_ID
-#       clientSecret: \$GITHUB_CLIENT_SECRET
-#       redirectURI: $NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex/callback
-#
-#   - type: ldap
-#     id: ldap
-#     name: LDAP
-#     config:
-#       host: ldap.example.com:636
-#       insecureNoSSL: false
-#       bindDN: cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com
-#       bindPW: admin
-#       userSearch:
-#         baseDN: ou=users,dc=example,dc=com
-#         filter: "(objectClass=person)"
-#         username: uid
-#         idAttr: uid
-#         emailAttr: mail
-#         nameAttr: cn
-EOF
-  return 0
-}
-
-render_turn_server_conf() {
-  cat <<EOF
-listening-port=3478
-$TURN_EXTERNAL_IP_CONFIG
-tls-listening-port=5349
-min-port=$TURN_MIN_PORT
-max-port=$TURN_MAX_PORT
-fingerprint
-lt-cred-mech
-user=$TURN_USER:$TURN_PASSWORD
-realm=wiretrustee.com
-cert=/etc/coturn/certs/cert.pem
-pkey=/etc/coturn/private/privkey.pem
-log-file=stdout
-no-software-attribute
-pidfile="/var/tmp/turnserver.pid"
-no-cli
-EOF
-  return 0
-}
-
-render_management_json() {
-  cat <<EOF
-{
-    "Stuns": [
-        {
-            "Proto": "udp",
-            "URI": "stun:$NETBIRD_DOMAIN:3478"
-        }
-    ],
-    "Relay": {
-        "Addresses": ["$NETBIRD_RELAY_PROTO://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN:$NETBIRD_PORT"],
-        "CredentialsTTL": "24h",
-        "Secret": "$NETBIRD_RELAY_AUTH_SECRET"
-    },
-    "Signal": {
-        "Proto": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL",
-        "URI": "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN:$NETBIRD_PORT"
-    },
-    "HttpConfig": {
-        "AuthIssuer": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex",
-        "AuthAudience": "netbird-dashboard",
-        "OIDCConfigEndpoint": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex/.well-known/openid-configuration"
-    },
-    "IdpManagerConfig": {
-        "ManagerType": "dex",
-        "ClientConfig": {
-            "Issuer": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex"
-        },
-        "ExtraConfig": {
-            "GRPCAddr": "dex:5557"
-        }
-    },
-    "DeviceAuthorizationFlow": {
-        "Provider": "hosted",
-        "ProviderConfig": {
-            "Audience": "netbird-cli",
-            "ClientID": "netbird-cli",
-            "Scope": "openid profile email offline_access",
-            "DeviceAuthEndpoint": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex/device/code",
-            "TokenEndpoint": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex/token"
-        }
-    },
-    "PKCEAuthorizationFlow": {
-        "ProviderConfig": {
-            "Audience": "netbird-cli",
-            "ClientID": "netbird-cli",
-            "Scope": "openid profile email offline_access",
-            "RedirectURLs": ["http://localhost:53000/", "http://localhost:54000/"]
-        }
-    }
-}
-EOF
-  return 0
-}
-
-render_dashboard_env() {
-  cat <<EOF
-# Endpoints
-NETBIRD_MGMT_API_ENDPOINT=$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN
-NETBIRD_MGMT_GRPC_API_ENDPOINT=$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN
-# OIDC
-AUTH_AUDIENCE=netbird-dashboard
-AUTH_CLIENT_ID=netbird-dashboard
-AUTH_CLIENT_SECRET=$DEX_DASHBOARD_CLIENT_SECRET
-AUTH_AUTHORITY=$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex
-USE_AUTH0=false
-AUTH_SUPPORTED_SCOPES=openid profile email offline_access
-AUTH_REDIRECT_URI=/nb-auth
-AUTH_SILENT_REDIRECT_URI=/nb-silent-auth
-# SSL
-NGINX_SSL_PORT=443
-# Letsencrypt
-LETSENCRYPT_DOMAIN=none
-EOF
-  return 0
-}
-
-render_relay_env() {
-  cat <<EOF
-NB_LOG_LEVEL=info
-NB_LISTEN_ADDRESS=:80
-NB_EXPOSED_ADDRESS=$NETBIRD_RELAY_PROTO://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN:$NETBIRD_PORT
-NB_AUTH_SECRET=$NETBIRD_RELAY_AUTH_SECRET
-EOF
-  return 0
-}
-
-render_docker_compose() {
-  cat <<EOF
-services:
-  # Caddy reverse proxy
-  caddy:
-    image: caddy
-    container_name: netbird-caddy
-    restart: unless-stopped
-    networks: [netbird]
-    ports:
-      - '443:443'
-      - '443:443/udp'
-      - '80:80'
-    volumes:
-      - netbird_caddy_data:/data
-      - ./Caddyfile:/etc/caddy/Caddyfile
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-
-  # Dex - identity provider
-  dex:
-    image: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.38.0
-    container_name: netbird-dex
-    restart: unless-stopped
-    networks: [netbird]
-    volumes:
-      - ./dex.yaml:/etc/dex/config.docker.yaml:ro
-      - netbird_dex_data:/var/dex
-    command: ["dex", "serve", "/etc/dex/config.docker.yaml"]
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-
-  # UI dashboard
-  dashboard:
-    image: netbirdio/dashboard:latest
-    container_name: netbird-dashboard
-    restart: unless-stopped
-    networks: [netbird]
-    env_file:
-      - ./dashboard.env
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-
-  # Signal
-  signal:
-    image: netbirdio/signal:latest
-    container_name: netbird-signal
-    restart: unless-stopped
-    networks: [netbird]
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-
-  # Relay
-  relay:
-    image: netbirdio/relay:latest
-    container_name: netbird-relay
-    restart: unless-stopped
-    networks: [netbird]
-    env_file:
-      - ./relay.env
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-
-  # Management
-  management:
-    image: netbirdio/management:latest
-    container_name: netbird-management
-    restart: unless-stopped
-    networks: [netbird]
-    volumes:
-      - netbird_management:/var/lib/netbird
-      - ./management.json:/etc/netbird/management.json
-    command: [
-      "--port", "80",
-      "--log-file", "console",
-      "--log-level", "info",
-      "--disable-anonymous-metrics=false",
-      "--single-account-mode-domain=netbird.selfhosted",
-      "--dns-domain=netbird.selfhosted",
-      "--idp-sign-key-refresh-enabled",
-    ]
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-
-  # Coturn, AKA TURN server
-  coturn:
-    image: coturn/coturn
-    container_name: netbird-coturn
-    restart: unless-stopped
-    volumes:
-      - ./turnserver.conf:/etc/turnserver.conf:ro
-    network_mode: host
-    command:
-      - -c /etc/turnserver.conf
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-
-volumes:
-  netbird_caddy_data:
-  netbird_dex_data:
-  netbird_management:
-
-networks:
-  netbird:
-EOF
-  return 0
-}
-
-init_environment
+exit 1
--- a/infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh
+++ b/infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/components_envelope_response.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/components_envelope_response.go
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func ToComponentSyncResponse(
 	// TODO (dmitri) consider using invariants?
 	//
 	enableSSH := computeSSHEnabledForPeer(components, peer)
-	peerConfig := toPeerConfig(peer, components.Network, dnsName, settings, httpConfig, deviceFlowConfig, enableSSH)
+	peerConfig := toPeerConfig(peer, components.Network, dnsName, settings, httpConfig, deviceFlowConfig, enableSSH, components.ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution)

 	includeIPv6 := peer.SupportsIPv6() && peer.IPv6.IsValid()
 	useSourcePrefixes := peer.SupportsSourcePrefixes()
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/conversion.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/conversion.go
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ func toNetbirdConfig(config *nbconfig.Config, turnCredentials *Token, relayToken
 	return nbConfig
 }

-func toPeerConfig(peer *nbpeer.Peer, network *types.Network, dnsName string, settings *types.Settings, httpConfig *nbconfig.HttpServerConfig, deviceFlowConfig *nbconfig.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, enableSSH bool) *proto.PeerConfig {
+func toPeerConfig(peer *nbpeer.Peer, network *types.Network, dnsName string, settings *types.Settings, httpConfig *nbconfig.HttpServerConfig, deviceFlowConfig *nbconfig.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, enableSSH bool, forceRoutingPeerDNS bool) *proto.PeerConfig {
 	netmask, _ := network.Net.Mask.Size()
 	fqdn := peer.FQDN(dnsName)

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ func toPeerConfig(peer *nbpeer.Peer, network *types.Network, dnsName string, set
 		Address:                         fmt.Sprintf("%s/%d", peer.IP.String(), netmask),
 		SshConfig:                       sshConfig,
 		Fqdn:                            fqdn,
-		RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled: settings.RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled,
+		RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled: settings.RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled || peer.ProxyMeta.Embedded || forceRoutingPeerDNS,
 		LazyConnectionEnabled:           settings.LazyConnectionEnabled,
 		AutoUpdate: &proto.AutoUpdateSettings{
 			Version:      settings.AutoUpdateVersion,
@@ -162,12 +162,12 @@ func ToSyncResponse(ctx context.Context, config *nbconfig.Config, httpConfig *nb
 	useSourcePrefixes := peer.SupportsSourcePrefixes()

 	response := &proto.SyncResponse{
-		PeerConfig: toPeerConfig(peer, networkMap.Network, dnsName, settings, httpConfig, deviceFlowConfig, networkMap.EnableSSH),
+		PeerConfig: toPeerConfig(peer, networkMap.Network, dnsName, settings, httpConfig, deviceFlowConfig, networkMap.EnableSSH, networkMap.ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution),
 		NetworkMap: &proto.NetworkMap{
 			Serial:     networkMap.Network.CurrentSerial(),
 			Routes:     networkmap.ToProtocolRoutes(networkMap.Routes),
 			DNSConfig:  networkmap.ToProtocolDNSConfig(networkMap.DNSConfig, dnsCache, dnsFwdPort),
-			PeerConfig: toPeerConfig(peer, networkMap.Network, dnsName, settings, httpConfig, deviceFlowConfig, networkMap.EnableSSH),
+			PeerConfig: toPeerConfig(peer, networkMap.Network, dnsName, settings, httpConfig, deviceFlowConfig, networkMap.EnableSSH, networkMap.ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution),
 		},
 		Checks: toProtocolChecks(ctx, checks),
 	}
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/conversion_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/conversion_test.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package grpc

 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/cache"
 	nbconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
 )
@@ -301,3 +303,35 @@ func TestToNetbirdConfig_RelayInvariant(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.True(t, nbCfg.Metrics.Enabled, "metrics flag should carry the settings value")
 	})
 }
+
+func TestToPeerConfig_RoutingPeerDNSResolution(t *testing.T) {
+	network := &types.Network{Net: net.IPNet{IP: net.IPv4(100, 0, 0, 0), Mask: net.CIDRMask(8, 32)}}
+
+	newPeer := func(embedded bool) *nbpeer.Peer {
+		p := &nbpeer.Peer{IP: netip.MustParseAddr("100.0.0.1")}
+		p.ProxyMeta.Embedded = embedded
+		return p
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		globalFlag  bool
+		embedded    bool
+		forceParam  bool
+		wantEnabled bool
+	}{
+		{name: "global off, regular peer, no force", wantEnabled: false},
+		{name: "global on wins", globalFlag: true, wantEnabled: true},
+		{name: "embedded proxy peer forced", embedded: true, wantEnabled: true},
+		{name: "routing peer forced via param", forceParam: true, wantEnabled: true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			settings := &types.Settings{RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled: tt.globalFlag}
+			cfg := toPeerConfig(newPeer(tt.embedded), network, "netbird.selfhosted", settings, nil, nil, false, tt.forceParam)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantEnabled, cfg.RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled,
+				"RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled should reflect global || embedded || forced")
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/server.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/server.go
@@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ func (s *Server) prepareLoginResponse(ctx context.Context, peer *nbpeer.Peer, ne
 	// if peer has reached this point then it has logged in
 	loginResp := &proto.LoginResponse{
 		NetbirdConfig: toNetbirdConfig(s.config, nil, relayToken, nil, settings),
-		PeerConfig:    toPeerConfig(peer, network, s.networkMapController.GetDNSDomain(settings), settings, s.config.HttpConfig, s.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, enableSSH),
+		PeerConfig:    toPeerConfig(peer, network, s.networkMapController.GetDNSDomain(settings), settings, s.config.HttpConfig, s.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, enableSSH, false),
 		Checks:        toProtocolChecks(ctx, postureChecks),
 	}

--- a/management/server/store/sql_store.go
+++ b/management/server/store/sql_store.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"net/url"
@@ -2258,117 +2259,30 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*p
 	return checks, nil
 }

-func (s *SqlStore) getServices(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*rpservice.Service, error) {
-	const serviceQuery = `SELECT id, account_id, name, domain, enabled, auth,
-		meta_created_at, meta_certificate_issued_at, meta_status, proxy_cluster,
-		pass_host_header, rewrite_redirects, session_private_key, session_public_key,
-		mode, listen_port, port_auto_assigned, source, source_peer, terminated,
-		private, access_groups
-		FROM services WHERE account_id = $1`
+// serviceSelectColumns and targetSelectColumns are the column lists the Postgres
+// pgx read path scans. They must stay in sync with the rpservice.Service and
+// rpservice.Target gorm models; TestPgxServiceColumnsMatchGorm enforces this.
+const serviceSelectColumns = `id, account_id, name, domain, enabled, auth, restrictions,
+	meta_created_at, meta_certificate_issued_at, meta_last_renewed_at, meta_status, proxy_cluster,
+	pass_host_header, rewrite_redirects, session_private_key, session_public_key,
+	mode, listen_port, port_auto_assigned, source, source_peer, terminated,
+	private, access_groups`

-	const targetsQuery = `SELECT id, account_id, service_id, path, host, port, protocol,
-		target_id, target_type, enabled
-		FROM targets WHERE service_id = ANY($1)`
+const targetSelectColumns = `id, account_id, service_id, path, host, port, protocol,
+	target_id, target_type, enabled, proxy_protocol,
+	skip_tls_verify, request_timeout, session_idle_timeout, path_rewrite, custom_headers,
+	direct_upstream, middlewares, capture_max_request_bytes, capture_max_response_bytes,
+	capture_content_types, agent_network, disable_access_log`
+
+func (s *SqlStore) getServices(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*rpservice.Service, error) {
+	const serviceQuery = `SELECT ` + serviceSelectColumns + ` FROM services WHERE account_id = $1`

 	serviceRows, err := s.pool.Query(ctx, serviceQuery, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

-	services, err := pgx.CollectRows(serviceRows, func(row pgx.CollectableRow) (*rpservice.Service, error) {
-		var s rpservice.Service
-		var auth []byte
-		var accessGroups []byte
-		var createdAt, certIssuedAt sql.NullTime
-		var status, proxyCluster, sessionPrivateKey, sessionPublicKey sql.NullString
-		var mode, source, sourcePeer sql.NullString
-		var terminated, portAutoAssigned, private sql.NullBool
-		var listenPort sql.NullInt64
-		err := row.Scan(
-			&s.ID,
-			&s.AccountID,
-			&s.Name,
-			&s.Domain,
-			&s.Enabled,
-			&auth,
-			&createdAt,
-			&certIssuedAt,
-			&status,
-			&proxyCluster,
-			&s.PassHostHeader,
-			&s.RewriteRedirects,
-			&sessionPrivateKey,
-			&sessionPublicKey,
-			&mode,
-			&listenPort,
-			&portAutoAssigned,
-			&source,
-			&sourcePeer,
-			&terminated,
-			&private,
-			&accessGroups,
-		)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		if auth != nil {
-			if err := json.Unmarshal(auth, &s.Auth); err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-		}
-
-		if len(accessGroups) > 0 {
-			if err := json.Unmarshal(accessGroups, &s.AccessGroups); err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal access_groups: %w", err)
-			}
-		}
-
-		if private.Valid {
-			s.Private = private.Bool
-		}
-
-		s.Meta = rpservice.Meta{}
-		if createdAt.Valid {
-			s.Meta.CreatedAt = createdAt.Time
-		}
-		if certIssuedAt.Valid {
-			t := certIssuedAt.Time
-			s.Meta.CertificateIssuedAt = &t
-		}
-		if status.Valid {
-			s.Meta.Status = status.String
-		}
-		if proxyCluster.Valid {
-			s.ProxyCluster = proxyCluster.String
-		}
-		if sessionPrivateKey.Valid {
-			s.SessionPrivateKey = sessionPrivateKey.String
-		}
-		if sessionPublicKey.Valid {
-			s.SessionPublicKey = sessionPublicKey.String
-		}
-		if mode.Valid {
-			s.Mode = mode.String
-		}
-		if source.Valid {
-			s.Source = source.String
-		}
-		if sourcePeer.Valid {
-			s.SourcePeer = sourcePeer.String
-		}
-		if terminated.Valid {
-			s.Terminated = terminated.Bool
-		}
-		if portAutoAssigned.Valid {
-			s.PortAutoAssigned = portAutoAssigned.Bool
-		}
-		if listenPort.Valid {
-			s.ListenPort = uint16(listenPort.Int64)
-		}
-		s.Targets = []*rpservice.Target{}
-		return &s, nil
-	})
+	services, err := pgx.CollectRows(serviceRows, scanService)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -2379,39 +2293,12 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getServices(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*rpserv

 	serviceIDs := make([]string, len(services))
 	serviceMap := make(map[string]*rpservice.Service)
-	for i, s := range services {
-		serviceIDs[i] = s.ID
-		serviceMap[s.ID] = s
+	for i, svc := range services {
+		serviceIDs[i] = svc.ID
+		serviceMap[svc.ID] = svc
 	}

-	targetRows, err := s.pool.Query(ctx, targetsQuery, serviceIDs)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	targets, err := pgx.CollectRows(targetRows, func(row pgx.CollectableRow) (*rpservice.Target, error) {
-		var t rpservice.Target
-		var path sql.NullString
-		err := row.Scan(
-			&t.ID,
-			&t.AccountID,
-			&t.ServiceID,
-			&path,
-			&t.Host,
-			&t.Port,
-			&t.Protocol,
-			&t.TargetId,
-			&t.TargetType,
-			&t.Enabled,
-		)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		if path.Valid {
-			t.Path = &path.String
-		}
-		return &t, nil
-	})
+	targets, err := s.getServiceTargets(ctx, serviceIDs)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -2425,6 +2312,201 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getServices(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*rpserv
 	return services, nil
 }

+func scanService(row pgx.CollectableRow) (*rpservice.Service, error) {
+	var s rpservice.Service
+	var auth []byte
+	var restrictions []byte
+	var accessGroups []byte
+	var createdAt, certIssuedAt, lastRenewedAt sql.NullTime
+	var status, proxyCluster, sessionPrivateKey, sessionPublicKey sql.NullString
+	var mode, source, sourcePeer sql.NullString
+	var terminated, portAutoAssigned, private sql.NullBool
+	var listenPort sql.NullInt64
+	err := row.Scan(
+		&s.ID,
+		&s.AccountID,
+		&s.Name,
+		&s.Domain,
+		&s.Enabled,
+		&auth,
+		&restrictions,
+		&createdAt,
+		&certIssuedAt,
+		&lastRenewedAt,
+		&status,
+		&proxyCluster,
+		&s.PassHostHeader,
+		&s.RewriteRedirects,
+		&sessionPrivateKey,
+		&sessionPublicKey,
+		&mode,
+		&listenPort,
+		&portAutoAssigned,
+		&source,
+		&sourcePeer,
+		&terminated,
+		&private,
+		&accessGroups,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if auth != nil {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(auth, &s.Auth); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(restrictions) > 0 {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(restrictions, &s.Restrictions); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal restrictions: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(accessGroups) > 0 {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(accessGroups, &s.AccessGroups); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal access_groups: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if private.Valid {
+		s.Private = private.Bool
+	}
+
+	s.Meta = serviceMetaFromRow(createdAt, certIssuedAt, lastRenewedAt, status)
+	if proxyCluster.Valid {
+		s.ProxyCluster = proxyCluster.String
+	}
+	if sessionPrivateKey.Valid {
+		s.SessionPrivateKey = sessionPrivateKey.String
+	}
+	if sessionPublicKey.Valid {
+		s.SessionPublicKey = sessionPublicKey.String
+	}
+	if mode.Valid {
+		s.Mode = mode.String
+	}
+	if source.Valid {
+		s.Source = source.String
+	}
+	if sourcePeer.Valid {
+		s.SourcePeer = sourcePeer.String
+	}
+	if terminated.Valid {
+		s.Terminated = terminated.Bool
+	}
+	if portAutoAssigned.Valid {
+		s.PortAutoAssigned = portAutoAssigned.Bool
+	}
+	if listenPort.Valid {
+		if listenPort.Int64 < 0 || listenPort.Int64 > math.MaxUint16 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("listen_port %d out of range", listenPort.Int64)
+		}
+		s.ListenPort = uint16(listenPort.Int64)
+	}
+	s.Targets = []*rpservice.Target{}
+	return &s, nil
+}
+
+func serviceMetaFromRow(createdAt, certIssuedAt, lastRenewedAt sql.NullTime, status sql.NullString) rpservice.Meta {
+	meta := rpservice.Meta{}
+	if createdAt.Valid {
+		meta.CreatedAt = createdAt.Time
+	}
+	if certIssuedAt.Valid {
+		t := certIssuedAt.Time
+		meta.CertificateIssuedAt = &t
+	}
+	if lastRenewedAt.Valid {
+		t := lastRenewedAt.Time
+		meta.LastRenewedAt = &t
+	}
+	if status.Valid {
+		meta.Status = status.String
+	}
+	return meta
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) getServiceTargets(ctx context.Context, serviceIDs []string) ([]*rpservice.Target, error) {
+	const targetsQuery = `SELECT ` + targetSelectColumns + ` FROM targets WHERE service_id = ANY($1)`
+
+	rows, err := s.pool.Query(ctx, targetsQuery, serviceIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return pgx.CollectRows(rows, scanTarget)
+}
+
+func scanTarget(row pgx.CollectableRow) (*rpservice.Target, error) {
+	var t rpservice.Target
+	var path sql.NullString
+	var pathRewrite sql.NullString
+	var proxyProtocol, skipTLSVerify, directUpstream, agentNetwork, disableAccessLog sql.NullBool
+	var requestTimeout, sessionIdleTimeout, captureMaxRequestBytes, captureMaxResponseBytes sql.NullInt64
+	var customHeaders, middlewares, captureContentTypes []byte
+	err := row.Scan(
+		&t.ID,
+		&t.AccountID,
+		&t.ServiceID,
+		&path,
+		&t.Host,
+		&t.Port,
+		&t.Protocol,
+		&t.TargetId,
+		&t.TargetType,
+		&t.Enabled,
+		&proxyProtocol,
+		&skipTLSVerify,
+		&requestTimeout,
+		&sessionIdleTimeout,
+		&pathRewrite,
+		&customHeaders,
+		&directUpstream,
+		&middlewares,
+		&captureMaxRequestBytes,
+		&captureMaxResponseBytes,
+		&captureContentTypes,
+		&agentNetwork,
+		&disableAccessLog,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if path.Valid {
+		t.Path = &path.String
+	}
+
+	t.ProxyProtocol = proxyProtocol.Bool
+	t.Options.SkipTLSVerify = skipTLSVerify.Bool
+	t.Options.RequestTimeout = time.Duration(requestTimeout.Int64)
+	t.Options.SessionIdleTimeout = time.Duration(sessionIdleTimeout.Int64)
+	t.Options.PathRewrite = rpservice.PathRewriteMode(pathRewrite.String)
+	t.Options.DirectUpstream = directUpstream.Bool
+	t.Options.CaptureMaxRequestBytes = captureMaxRequestBytes.Int64
+	t.Options.CaptureMaxResponseBytes = captureMaxResponseBytes.Int64
+	t.Options.AgentNetwork = agentNetwork.Bool
+	t.Options.DisableAccessLog = disableAccessLog.Bool
+
+	if len(customHeaders) > 0 {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(customHeaders, &t.Options.CustomHeaders); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal custom_headers: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(middlewares) > 0 {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(middlewares, &t.Options.Middlewares); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal middlewares: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(captureContentTypes) > 0 {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(captureContentTypes, &t.Options.CaptureContentTypes); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal capture_content_types: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return &t, nil
+}
+
 func (s *SqlStore) getNetworks(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*networkTypes.Network, error) {
 	const query = `SELECT id, account_id, public_id, name, description FROM networks WHERE account_id = $1`
 	rows, err := s.pool.Query(ctx, query, accountID)
--- a/management/server/store/sql_store_pgx_parity_test.go
+++ b/management/server/store/sql_store_pgx_parity_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
+
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+)
+
+// TestPgxServiceColumnsMatchGorm guards the Postgres pgx read path against
+// drifting from the gorm model. The SQLite/MySQL gorm path loads rows by struct,
+// so a new column on a model is picked up automatically, but the hand-written
+// pgx SELECT in sql_store.go must be updated by hand. This test fails when a
+// gorm column is missing from the pgx column list, which otherwise silently
+// returns zero-valued on Postgres with no compile error.
+func TestPgxServiceColumnsMatchGorm(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		model         any
+		selectColumns string
+		// excluded lists gorm columns intentionally not loaded by the pgx path.
+		excluded map[string]struct{}
+	}{
+		{
+			name:          "service",
+			model:         &rpservice.Service{},
+			selectColumns: serviceSelectColumns,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "target",
+			model:         &rpservice.Target{},
+			selectColumns: targetSelectColumns,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			selected := parseColumnList(tc.selectColumns)
+			for _, col := range gormColumnNames(t, tc.model) {
+				if _, ok := tc.excluded[col]; ok {
+					continue
+				}
+				_, ok := selected[col]
+				assert.Truef(t, ok,
+					"gorm column %q is not read by the Postgres pgx SELECT; add it to %sSelectColumns in sql_store.go (or to the test's excluded set if it is intentionally not loaded)",
+					col, tc.name)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func parseColumnList(cols string) map[string]struct{} {
+	set := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, c := range strings.Split(cols, ",") {
+		if c = strings.TrimSpace(c); c != "" {
+			set[c] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	return set
+}
+
+// gormColumnNames returns the DB column names gorm would migrate for the model,
+// using the same default naming strategy the store configures.
+func gormColumnNames(t *testing.T, model any) []string {
+	t.Helper()
+	sch, err := schema.Parse(model, &sync.Map{}, schema.NamingStrategy{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return sch.DBNames
+}
--- a/management/server/store/sql_store_service_test.go
+++ b/management/server/store/sql_store_service_test.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
 	"testing"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
@@ -44,3 +45,91 @@ func TestSqlStore_GetAccount_PrivateServiceRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-admins", "grp-ops"}, got.AccessGroups)
 	})
 }
+
+// TestSqlStore_GetAccount_ServiceTargetOptionsRoundtrip guards the Postgres pgx
+// read path (getServices) against silently dropping columns present on the gorm
+// model. Before the fix these fields loaded correctly on SQLite but came back
+// zero-valued on Postgres because the hand-written SELECT and scan omitted them.
+func TestSqlStore_GetAccount_ServiceTargetOptionsRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
+	if os.Getenv("CI") == "true" && (runtime.GOOS == "darwin" || runtime.GOOS == "windows") {
+		t.Skip("skip CI tests on darwin and windows")
+	}
+
+	runTestForAllEngines(t, "", func(t *testing.T, store Store) {
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		account := newAccountWithId(ctx, "account_svc_opts", "testuser", "")
+		require.NoError(t, store.SaveAccount(ctx, account))
+
+		renewedAt := time.Now().UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
+		targetPath := "/api"
+		svc := &rpservice.Service{
+			ID:        "svc-opts",
+			AccountID: account.Id,
+			Name:      "opts-svc",
+			Domain:    "opts.example",
+			Enabled:   true,
+			Mode:      rpservice.ModeHTTP,
+			Restrictions: rpservice.AccessRestrictions{
+				AllowedCIDRs:     []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
+				BlockedCountries: []string{"XX"},
+				CrowdSecMode:     "block",
+			},
+			Meta: rpservice.Meta{
+				LastRenewedAt: &renewedAt,
+			},
+			Targets: []*rpservice.Target{
+				{
+					AccountID:     account.Id,
+					ServiceID:     "svc-opts",
+					Path:          &targetPath,
+					Host:          "backend.internal",
+					Port:          8080,
+					Protocol:      "http",
+					TargetId:      "tgt-1",
+					Enabled:       true,
+					ProxyProtocol: true,
+					Options: rpservice.TargetOptions{
+						SkipTLSVerify:           true,
+						RequestTimeout:          30 * time.Second,
+						SessionIdleTimeout:      5 * time.Minute,
+						PathRewrite:             rpservice.PathRewritePreserve,
+						CustomHeaders:           map[string]string{"X-Foo": "bar"},
+						DirectUpstream:          true,
+						CaptureMaxRequestBytes:  1024,
+						CaptureMaxResponseBytes: 2048,
+						CaptureContentTypes:     []string{"application/json"},
+						AgentNetwork:            true,
+						DisableAccessLog:        true,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, store.CreateService(ctx, svc))
+
+		loaded, err := store.GetAccount(ctx, account.Id)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, loaded.Services, 1)
+
+		got := loaded.Services[0]
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"10.0.0.0/8"}, got.Restrictions.AllowedCIDRs, "restrictions allowed CIDRs")
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"XX"}, got.Restrictions.BlockedCountries, "restrictions blocked countries")
+		assert.Equal(t, "block", got.Restrictions.CrowdSecMode, "restrictions crowdsec mode")
+		require.NotNil(t, got.Meta.LastRenewedAt, "meta last renewed at")
+		assert.WithinDuration(t, renewedAt, *got.Meta.LastRenewedAt, time.Second, "meta last renewed at")
+
+		require.Len(t, got.Targets, 1)
+		tg := got.Targets[0]
+		assert.True(t, tg.ProxyProtocol, "target proxy protocol")
+		assert.True(t, tg.Options.SkipTLSVerify, "options skip TLS verify")
+		assert.Equal(t, 30*time.Second, tg.Options.RequestTimeout, "options request timeout")
+		assert.Equal(t, 5*time.Minute, tg.Options.SessionIdleTimeout, "options session idle timeout")
+		assert.Equal(t, rpservice.PathRewritePreserve, tg.Options.PathRewrite, "options path rewrite")
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"X-Foo": "bar"}, tg.Options.CustomHeaders, "options custom headers")
+		assert.True(t, tg.Options.DirectUpstream, "options direct upstream")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(1024), tg.Options.CaptureMaxRequestBytes, "options capture max request bytes")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(2048), tg.Options.CaptureMaxResponseBytes, "options capture max response bytes")
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"application/json"}, tg.Options.CaptureContentTypes, "options capture content types")
+		assert.True(t, tg.Options.AgentNetwork, "options agent network")
+		assert.True(t, tg.Options.DisableAccessLog, "options disable access log")
+	})
+}
--- a/management/server/types/account.go
+++ b/management/server/types/account.go
@@ -1517,6 +1517,54 @@ func (a *Account) GetResourceRoutersMap() map[string]map[string]*routerTypes.Net
 	return routers
 }

+// forcesRoutingPeerDNSResolution reports whether the given peer must run
+// routing-peer DNS resolution regardless of the account-global
+// RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled setting. It returns true when the peer is a
+// router for a domain network resource that is targeted by an enabled
+// reverse-proxy service, so the peer's DNS forwarder starts and can resolve
+// the target for the embedded proxy peers. Embedded proxy peers themselves are
+// handled at PeerConfig build time.
+func (a *Account) forcesRoutingPeerDNSResolution(peerID string, routers map[string]map[string]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter) bool {
+	targeted := a.proxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs()
+	if len(targeted) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for _, resource := range a.NetworkResources {
+		if resource == nil || !resource.Enabled || resource.Type != resourceTypes.Domain {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := targeted[resource.ID]; !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, isRouter := routers[resource.NetworkID][peerID]; isRouter {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// proxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs returns the set of domain network resource IDs
+// targeted by an enabled, non-terminated reverse-proxy service.
+func (a *Account) proxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs() map[string]struct{} {
+	ids := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, svc := range a.Services {
+		if svc == nil || !svc.Enabled || svc.Terminated {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, target := range svc.Targets {
+			if target == nil || !target.Enabled {
+				continue
+			}
+			if target.TargetType == service.TargetTypeDomain {
+				ids[target.TargetId] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return ids
+}
+
 // getPoliciesSourcePeers collects all unique peers from the source groups defined in the given policies.
 func getPoliciesSourcePeers(policies []*Policy, groups map[string]*Group) map[string]struct{} {
 	sourcePeers := make(map[string]struct{})
--- a/management/server/types/account_components.go
+++ b/management/server/types/account_components.go
@@ -140,6 +140,8 @@ func (a *Account) GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(
 		RouterPeers:               make(map[string]*ComponentPeer),
 		NetworkXIDToPublicID:      make(map[string]string, len(a.Networks)),
 		PostureCheckXIDToPublicID: make(map[string]string, len(a.PostureChecks)),
+
+		ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution: a.forcesRoutingPeerDNSResolution(peerID, routers),
 	}
 	for _, n := range a.Networks {
 		if n != nil {
--- a/management/server/types/account_test.go
+++ b/management/server/types/account_test.go
@@ -1751,3 +1751,71 @@ func hasPrivateAccessPolicy(account *Account, serviceID string) bool {
 	}
 	return false
 }
+
+func TestForcesRoutingPeerDNSResolution(t *testing.T) {
+	buildAccountRes := func(serviceEnabled, targetEnabled, resourceEnabled bool, targetType service.TargetType, resType resourceTypes.NetworkResourceType) *Account {
+		return &Account{
+			Id: "accountID",
+			Groups: map[string]*Group{
+				"router-group": {ID: "router-group", Peers: []string{"router-peer-grp"}},
+			},
+			NetworkRouters: []*routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
+				{ID: "r1", NetworkID: "net-1", AccountID: "accountID", Peer: "router-peer", Enabled: true},
+				{ID: "r2", NetworkID: "net-1", AccountID: "accountID", PeerGroups: []string{"router-group"}, Enabled: true},
+			},
+			NetworkResources: []*resourceTypes.NetworkResource{
+				{ID: "res-domain", AccountID: "accountID", NetworkID: "net-1", Type: resType, Domain: "example.org", Enabled: resourceEnabled},
+			},
+			Services: []*service.Service{
+				{
+					ID: "svc-1", AccountID: "accountID", Enabled: serviceEnabled,
+					Targets: []*service.Target{
+						{TargetId: "res-domain", TargetType: targetType, Enabled: targetEnabled},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	buildAccount := func(serviceEnabled, targetEnabled, resourceEnabled bool, targetType service.TargetType) *Account {
+		return buildAccountRes(serviceEnabled, targetEnabled, resourceEnabled, targetType, resourceTypes.Domain)
+	}
+
+	t.Run("router peer for RP-targeted domain resource is forced", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := buildAccount(true, true, true, service.TargetTypeDomain)
+		routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
+		assert.True(t, account.forcesRoutingPeerDNSResolution("router-peer", routers), "direct router peer should be forced")
+		assert.True(t, account.forcesRoutingPeerDNSResolution("router-peer-grp", routers), "group-member router peer should be forced")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-router peer is not forced", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := buildAccount(true, true, true, service.TargetTypeDomain)
+		assert.False(t, account.forcesRoutingPeerDNSResolution("other-peer", account.GetResourceRoutersMap()))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("not forced when service disabled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := buildAccount(false, true, true, service.TargetTypeDomain)
+		assert.False(t, account.forcesRoutingPeerDNSResolution("router-peer", account.GetResourceRoutersMap()))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("not forced when target disabled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := buildAccount(true, false, true, service.TargetTypeDomain)
+		assert.False(t, account.forcesRoutingPeerDNSResolution("router-peer", account.GetResourceRoutersMap()))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("not forced when resource disabled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := buildAccount(true, true, false, service.TargetTypeDomain)
+		assert.False(t, account.forcesRoutingPeerDNSResolution("router-peer", account.GetResourceRoutersMap()))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("not forced for non-domain target type", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := buildAccount(true, true, true, service.TargetTypePeer)
+		assert.False(t, account.forcesRoutingPeerDNSResolution("router-peer", account.GetResourceRoutersMap()))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("not forced when targeted resource is not a domain", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := buildAccountRes(true, true, true, service.TargetTypeDomain, resourceTypes.Host)
+		assert.False(t, account.forcesRoutingPeerDNSResolution("router-peer", account.GetResourceRoutersMap()),
+			"a domain target pointing at a non-domain resource must not force resolution")
+	})
+}
--- a/management/server/user.go
+++ b/management/server/user.go
@@ -321,6 +321,10 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteUser(ctx context.Context, accountID, init
 		return err
 	}

+	if targetUser.AccountID != accountID {
+		return status.NewUserNotFoundError(targetUserID)
+	}
+
 	if targetUser.Role == types.UserRoleOwner {
 		return status.NewOwnerDeletePermissionError()
 	}
--- a/management/server/user_test.go
+++ b/management/server/user_test.go
@@ -802,6 +802,52 @@ func TestUser_DeleteUser_SelfDelete(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+func TestUser_DeleteUser_OtherAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	testStore, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", t.TempDir())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error when creating store: %s", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
+
+	account := newAccountWithId(context.Background(), mockAccountID, mockUserID, "", "", "", false)
+	if err = testStore.SaveAccount(context.Background(), account); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error when saving account: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	otherAccount := newAccountWithId(context.Background(), "otherAccount", "otherOwner", "", "", "", false)
+	otherAccount.Users["otherRegularUser"] = &types.User{
+		Id:        "otherRegularUser",
+		AccountID: "otherAccount",
+		Role:      types.UserRoleUser,
+	}
+	otherAccount.Users["otherServiceUser"] = &types.User{
+		Id:              "otherServiceUser",
+		AccountID:       "otherAccount",
+		Role:            types.UserRoleUser,
+		IsServiceUser:   true,
+		ServiceUserName: "otherServiceUser",
+	}
+	if err = testStore.SaveAccount(context.Background(), otherAccount); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error when saving other account: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	am := DefaultAccountManager{
+		Store:              testStore,
+		eventStore:         &activity.InMemoryEventStore{},
+		permissionsManager: permissions.NewManager(testStore),
+	}
+
+	for _, targetUserID := range []string{"otherRegularUser", "otherServiceUser"} {
+		t.Run(targetUserID, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := am.DeleteUser(context.Background(), mockAccountID, mockUserID, targetUserID)
+			assert.Equal(t, status.NewUserNotFoundError(targetUserID), err)
+
+			_, err = testStore.GetUserByUserID(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, targetUserID)
+			assert.NoError(t, err, "user of another account must not be deleted")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestUser_DeleteUser_regularUser(t *testing.T) {
 	store, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", t.TempDir())
 	if err != nil {
--- a/shared/management/types/network.go
+++ b/shared/management/types/network.go
@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@ type NetworkMap struct {
 	ForwardingRules     []*ForwardingRule
 	AuthorizedUsers     map[string]map[string]struct{}
 	EnableSSH           bool
+	// ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution forces the peer to run/use routing-peer DNS
+	// resolution regardless of the account-global setting, for reverse-proxy
+	// domain targets.
+	ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution bool
 }

 func (nm *NetworkMap) Merge(other *NetworkMap) {
@@ -56,6 +60,7 @@ func (nm *NetworkMap) Merge(other *NetworkMap) {
 	nm.FirewallRules = mergeUnique(nm.FirewallRules, other.FirewallRules)
 	nm.RoutesFirewallRules = mergeUnique(nm.RoutesFirewallRules, other.RoutesFirewallRules)
 	nm.ForwardingRules = mergeUnique(nm.ForwardingRules, other.ForwardingRules)
+	nm.ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution = nm.ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution || other.ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution
 }

 type comparableObject[T any] interface {
--- a/shared/management/types/networkmap_components.go
+++ b/shared/management/types/networkmap_components.go
@@ -56,6 +56,11 @@ type NetworkMapComponents struct {

 	// true when returning an empty-like map (returned instead of nil)
 	empty bool
+
+	// ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution forces the peer to run/use routing-peer DNS
+	// resolution regardless of the account-global setting, for reverse-proxy
+	// domain targets.
+	ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution bool
 }

 type routeIndexEntry struct {
@@ -190,6 +195,8 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) Calculate(ctx context.Context) *NetworkMap {
 		RoutesFirewallRules: append(networkResourcesFirewallRules, routesFirewallRules...),
 		AuthorizedUsers:     authorizedUsers,
 		EnableSSH:           sshEnabled,
+
+		ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution: c.ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution,
 	}
 }