Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into dmitri-catch-disconnected-peer

Signed-off-by: Dmitri Dolguikh <dmitri.external@netbird.io>

.github/workflows/buf.yml

@@ -27,7 +27,22 @@ jobs:
           push: false
           archive: false
           pr_comment: false
-          build: false
           lint: false
           format: false
-          breaking: true
+          # A push that creates a branch carries no `before` commit, so the
+          # action's default baseline is the all-zero SHA and `buf breaking`
+          # dies cloning it. Skipping costs nothing: every commit on a freshly
+          # cut release branch should have already passed this check on main.
+          breaking: ${{ !github.event.created }}
+          # The alternative is to compare against the default branch instead of
+          # skipping. Not used: buf clones the baseline when the job runs, so a
+          # main that has moved on since the branch was cut reads as protos
+          # deleted on the release branch. Resolving to an empty string on every
+          # other event is what keeps the action's own default in place, which
+          # stacked pull requests need.
+          # breaking_against: >-
+          #   ${{ github.event.created
+          #     && format('{0}#format=git,branch={1}',
+          #               github.event.repository.clone_url,
+          #               github.event.repository.default_branch)
+          #     || '' }}

client/android/client.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
@@ -90,6 +91,14 @@ type Client struct {
 	connectClient *internal.ConnectClient
 	config        *profilemanager.Config
 	cacheDir      string
+
+	// mdmSource holds the per-Client MDM policy source and its change
+	// detector as one unit. Set by SetMDMPolicyFetcher (called from the
+	// Kotlin side). Each Run passes the loader to the resolved Config so
+	// applyMDMPolicy picks up the active overlay. Nil means "MDM
+	// enforcement off for this Client".
+	mdmSource atomic.Pointer[mdmSource]
+
 	// Identifies the running profile for the SSO login hint; see profile_state.go.
 	cfgPath string
 
@@ -178,6 +187,7 @@ func (c *Client) Run(platformFiles PlatformFiles, urlOpener URLOpener, isAndroid
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	c.applyMDMOverlay(cfg)
 	c.recorder.UpdateManagementAddress(cfg.ManagementURL.String())
 	c.recorder.UpdateRosenpass(cfg.RosenpassEnabled, cfg.RosenpassPermissive)
 
@@ -229,6 +239,7 @@ func (c *Client) RunWithoutLogin(platformFiles PlatformFiles, dns *DNSList, dnsR
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	c.applyMDMOverlay(cfg)
 	c.recorder.UpdateManagementAddress(cfg.ManagementURL.String())
 	c.recorder.UpdateRosenpass(cfg.RosenpassEnabled, cfg.RosenpassPermissive)
 
@@ -327,6 +338,7 @@ func (c *Client) DebugBundle(platformFiles PlatformFiles, anonymize bool, anonym
 		if err != nil {
 			return "", fmt.Errorf("load config: %w", err)
 		}
+		c.applyMDMOverlay(cfg)
 		cacheDir = platformFiles.CacheDir()
 	}
 

client/android/client_mdm.go

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//go:build android
+
+package android
+
+import (
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+)
+
+type mdmSource struct {
+	loader   *mdm.Loader
+	detector *mdm.ChangeDetector
+}
+
+// SetMDMPolicyFetcher registers the native-provided MDM policy fetcher on
+// this Client; passing nil disables MDM enforcement.
+func (c *Client) SetMDMPolicyFetcher(p PolicyFetcher) {
+	loader := loaderFor(p)
+	c.mdmSource.Store(&mdmSource{loader: loader, detector: mdm.NewChangeDetector(loader)})
+}
+
+// HasMDMPolicyChanged re-reads the managed configuration and reports whether
+// it changed since the last observation; call it from the native OS-change
+// notification and restart the engine only on true.
+func (c *Client) HasMDMPolicyChanged() bool {
+	src := c.mdmSource.Load()
+	if src == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return src.detector.Changed()
+}
+
+// GetRestrictionsJSON returns the UI enforcement snapshot derived from the
+// active MDM policy, in the JSON shape shared with the desktop frontend.
+func (c *Client) GetRestrictionsJSON() (string, error) {
+	return mdm.BuildRestrictions(c.mdmLoader().Load()).JSON()
+}
+
+func (c *Client) applyMDMOverlay(cfg *profilemanager.Config) {
+	loader := c.mdmLoader()
+	if cfg == nil || loader == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	cfg.ApplyMDMPolicy(loader.Load())
+}
+
+func (c *Client) mdmLoader() *mdm.Loader {
+	if src := c.mdmSource.Load(); src != nil {
+		return src.loader
+	}
+	return nil
+}

client/android/login.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mobile"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 )
@@ -46,16 +47,24 @@ type Auth struct {
 // an earlier call is orphaned on the server. It also breaks a client that enrols and then runs from
 // the persisted config, because the identity it registered is not the one it runs with — the
 // management stream rejects it with "no peer auth method provided".
-func NewAuth(cfgPath string, mgmURL string) (*Auth, error) {
+//
-	inputCfg := profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+// Auth is constructed under the active MDM policy: the policy is overlaid on
-		ConfigPath:    cfgPath,
+// the resolved config so the login runs against the enforced values, while
-		ManagementURL: mgmURL,
+// the persisted config keeps the caller-supplied ones; a caller-supplied
+// management URL is ignored while MDM manages that key. A nil fetcher
+// disables MDM enforcement.
+func NewAuth(cfgPath string, mgmURL string, fetcher PolicyFetcher) (*Auth, error) {
+	policy := loaderFor(fetcher).Load()
+	inputCfg := profilemanager.ConfigInput{ConfigPath: cfgPath}
+	if _, managed := policy.GetString(mdm.KeyManagementURL); !managed {
+		inputCfg.ManagementURL = mgmURL
 	}
 
 	cfg, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(inputCfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	cfg.ApplyMDMPolicy(policy)
 
 	return &Auth{
 		ctx:     context.Background(),
@@ -75,9 +84,7 @@ func NewAuthWithConfig(ctx context.Context, config *profilemanager.Config, cfgPa
 	}
 }
 
-// SaveConfigIfSSOSupported test the connectivity with the management server by retrieving the server device flow info.
+// SaveConfigIfSSOSupported reports whether the management server supports SSO; the config is already persisted by NewAuth.
-// If it returns a flow info than save the configuration and return true. If it gets a codes.NotFound, it means that SSO
-// is not supported and returns false without saving the configuration. For other errors return false.
 func (a *Auth) SaveConfigIfSSOSupported(listener SSOListener) {
 	go func() {
 		sso, err := a.saveConfigIfSSOSupported()
@@ -101,15 +108,10 @@ func (a *Auth) saveConfigIfSSOSupported() (bool, error) {
 		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to check SSO support: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	if !supportsSSO {
+	return supportsSSO, nil
-		return false, nil
-	}
-
-	err = profilemanager.WriteOutConfig(a.cfgPath, a.config)
-	return true, err
 }
 
-// LoginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig test the connectivity with the management server with the setup key.
+// LoginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig registers the peer with the setup key; the config is already persisted by NewAuth.
 func (a *Auth) LoginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig(resultListener ErrListener, setupKey string, deviceName string) {
 	go func() {
 		err := a.loginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig(setupKey, deviceName)
@@ -134,8 +136,7 @@ func (a *Auth) loginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig(setupKey string, deviceName string
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("login failed: %v", err)
 	}
-
+	return nil
-	return profilemanager.WriteOutConfig(a.cfgPath, a.config)
 }
 
 // Login try register the client on the server

client/android/login_test.go

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 func TestNewAuth_ReusesPersistedIdentity(t *testing.T) {
 	cfgPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 
-	first, err := NewAuth(cfgPath, "https://api.example.com:443")
+	first, err := NewAuth(cfgPath, "https://api.example.com:443", nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("first NewAuth: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ func TestNewAuth_ReusesPersistedIdentity(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("first NewAuth produced no private key")
 	}
 
-	second, err := NewAuth(cfgPath, "https://api.example.com:443")
+	second, err := NewAuth(cfgPath, "https://api.example.com:443", nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("second NewAuth: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func TestNewAuth_ReusesPersistedIdentity(t *testing.T) {
 func TestNewAuth_CreatesConfigWhenAbsent(t *testing.T) {
 	cfgPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 
-	auth, err := NewAuth(cfgPath, "https://api.example.com:443")
+	auth, err := NewAuth(cfgPath, "https://api.example.com:443", nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("NewAuth: %v", err)
 	}

client/android/mdm.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package android
+
+import (
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+)
+
+// PolicyFetcher is implemented by the native layer to return the current
+// managed configuration as a JSON-encoded object string; "" means no MDM
+// source is present.
+type PolicyFetcher interface {
+	FetchJSON() string
+}
+
+func loaderFor(p PolicyFetcher) *mdm.Loader {
+	if p == nil {
+		return mdm.NewJSONLoader(nil)
+	}
+	return mdm.NewJSONLoader(p.FetchJSON)
+}

client/android/preferences.go

@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 package android
 
 import (
+	"sync/atomic"
+
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
 )
 
 // Preferences exports a subset of the internal config for gomobile
 type Preferences struct {
 	configInput profilemanager.ConfigInput
+	mdmLoader   atomic.Pointer[mdm.Loader]
 }
 
 // NewPreferences creates a new Preferences instance
@@ -14,11 +18,30 @@ func NewPreferences(configPath string) *Preferences {
 	ci := profilemanager.ConfigInput{
 		ConfigPath: configPath,
 	}
-	return &Preferences{ci}
+	return &Preferences{configInput: ci}
+}
+
+// SetMDMPolicyFetcher registers the native-provided MDM policy fetcher on
+// this Preferences instance; passing nil disables MDM enforcement.
+func (p *Preferences) SetMDMPolicyFetcher(f PolicyFetcher) {
+	p.mdmLoader.Store(loaderFor(f))
+}
+
+// GetRestrictionsJSON returns the UI enforcement snapshot derived from the
+// active MDM policy, in the JSON shape shared with the desktop frontend.
+func (p *Preferences) GetRestrictionsJSON() (string, error) {
+	return mdm.BuildRestrictions(p.policy()).JSON()
+}
+
+func (p *Preferences) policy() *mdm.Policy {
+	return p.mdmLoader.Load().Load()
 }
 
 // GetManagementURL reads URL from config file
 func (p *Preferences) GetManagementURL() (string, error) {
+	if v, ok := p.policy().GetString(mdm.KeyManagementURL); ok {
+		return mdm.CanonicalURL(v), nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.ManagementURL != "" {
 		return p.configInput.ManagementURL, nil
 	}
@@ -27,7 +50,7 @@ func (p *Preferences) GetManagementURL() (string, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
-	return cfg.ManagementURL.String(), err
+	return cfg.ManagementURL.String(), nil
 }
 
 // SetManagementURL stores the given URL and waits for commit
@@ -53,17 +76,21 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetAdminURL(url string) {
 	p.configInput.AdminURL = url
 }
 
-// GetPreSharedKey reads pre-shared key from config file
+// HasPreSharedKey reports whether a pre-shared key is staged, persisted, or
-func (p *Preferences) GetPreSharedKey() (string, error) {
+// enforced by MDM; the key itself is never handed to the native layer.
+func (p *Preferences) HasPreSharedKey() (bool, error) {
+	if _, ok := p.policy().GetString(mdm.KeyPreSharedKey); ok {
+		return true, nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.PreSharedKey != nil {
-		return *p.configInput.PreSharedKey, nil
+		return *p.configInput.PreSharedKey != "", nil
 	}
 
 	cfg, err := profilemanager.ReadConfig(p.configInput.ConfigPath)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return false, err
 	}
-	return cfg.PreSharedKey, err
+	return cfg.PreSharedKey != "", nil
 }
 
 // SetPreSharedKey stores the given key and waits for commit
@@ -78,6 +105,9 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetRosenpassEnabled(enabled bool) {
 
 // GetRosenpassEnabled reads Rosenpass enabled status from config file
 func (p *Preferences) GetRosenpassEnabled() (bool, error) {
+	if v, ok := p.policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled); ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.RosenpassEnabled != nil {
 		return *p.configInput.RosenpassEnabled, nil
 	}
@@ -96,6 +126,9 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetRosenpassPermissive(permissive bool) {
 
 // GetRosenpassPermissive reads Rosenpass permissive setting from config file
 func (p *Preferences) GetRosenpassPermissive() (bool, error) {
+	if v, ok := p.policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassPermissive); ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.RosenpassPermissive != nil {
 		return *p.configInput.RosenpassPermissive, nil
 	}
@@ -109,6 +142,9 @@ func (p *Preferences) GetRosenpassPermissive() (bool, error) {
 
 // GetDisableClientRoutes reads disable client routes setting from config file
 func (p *Preferences) GetDisableClientRoutes() (bool, error) {
+	if v, ok := p.policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes); ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.DisableClientRoutes != nil {
 		return *p.configInput.DisableClientRoutes, nil
 	}
@@ -127,6 +163,9 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetDisableClientRoutes(disable bool) {
 
 // GetDisableServerRoutes reads disable server routes setting from config file
 func (p *Preferences) GetDisableServerRoutes() (bool, error) {
+	if v, ok := p.policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyDisableServerRoutes); ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.DisableServerRoutes != nil {
 		return *p.configInput.DisableServerRoutes, nil
 	}
@@ -181,6 +220,9 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetDisableFirewall(disable bool) {
 
 // GetServerSSHAllowed reads server SSH allowed setting from config file
 func (p *Preferences) GetServerSSHAllowed() (bool, error) {
+	if v, ok := p.policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyAllowServerSSH); ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.ServerSSHAllowed != nil {
 		return *p.configInput.ServerSSHAllowed, nil
 	}
@@ -291,6 +333,9 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetEnableSSHRemotePortForwarding(enabled bool) {
 
 // GetBlockInbound reads block inbound setting from config file
 func (p *Preferences) GetBlockInbound() (bool, error) {
+	if v, ok := p.policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyBlockInbound); ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.BlockInbound != nil {
 		return *p.configInput.BlockInbound, nil
 	}
@@ -325,8 +370,34 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetDisableIPv6(disable bool) {
 	p.configInput.DisableIPv6 = &disable
 }
 
+// GetRemoteJobsAllowed reads the remote jobs opt-in from config file
+func (p *Preferences) GetRemoteJobsAllowed() (bool, error) {
+	policy := p.policy()
+	if !policy.HasKey(mdm.KeyRemoteJobsAllowed) && p.configInput.RemoteJobsAllowed != nil {
+		return *p.configInput.RemoteJobsAllowed, nil
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := profilemanager.ReadConfig(p.configInput.ConfigPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	cfg.ApplyMDMPolicy(policy)
+	if cfg.RemoteJobsAllowed == nil {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	return *cfg.RemoteJobsAllowed, nil
+}
+
+// SetRemoteJobsAllowed stores the given value and waits for commit
+func (p *Preferences) SetRemoteJobsAllowed(allowed bool) {
+	p.configInput.RemoteJobsAllowed = &allowed
+}
+
 // Commit writes out the changes to the config file
 func (p *Preferences) Commit() error {
+	if err := profilemanager.CheckMDMConflicts(p.configInput, p.policy()); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	_, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(p.configInput)
 	return err
 }

client/android/preferences_test.go

@@ -28,14 +28,13 @@ func TestPreferences_DefaultValues(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("invalid default management url: %s", defaultVar)
 	}
 
-	var preSharedKey string
+	hasPSK, err := p.HasPreSharedKey()
-	preSharedKey, err = p.GetPreSharedKey()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to read default preshared key: %s", err)
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read default preshared key presence: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	if preSharedKey != "" {
+	if hasPSK {
-		t.Errorf("invalid preshared key: %s", preSharedKey)
+		t.Errorf("unexpected preshared key presence on fresh config")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -65,13 +64,13 @@ func TestPreferences_ReadUncommitedValues(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	p.SetPreSharedKey(exampleString)
-	resp, err = p.GetPreSharedKey()
+	hasPSK, err := p.HasPreSharedKey()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to read preshared key: %s", err)
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read preshared key presence: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	if resp != exampleString {
+	if !hasPSK {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected preshared key: %s", resp)
+		t.Errorf("expected preshared key presence after staging one")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -109,12 +108,12 @@ func TestPreferences_Commit(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected management url: %s", resp)
 	}
 
-	resp, err = p.GetPreSharedKey()
+	hasPSK, err := p.HasPreSharedKey()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to read preshared key: %s", err)
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read preshared key presence: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	if resp != examplePresharedKey {
+	if !hasPSK {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected preshared key: %s", resp)
+		t.Errorf("expected preshared key presence after commit")
 	}
 }

client/android/profile_manager.go

@@ -54,6 +54,12 @@ func NewProfileManager(configDir string) *ProfileManager {
 	return &ProfileManager{impl: mobile.NewProfileManager(configDir, androidUsername)}
 }
 
+// SetMDMPolicyFetcher registers the native-provided MDM policy fetcher on
+// this ProfileManager; passing nil disables MDM enforcement.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) SetMDMPolicyFetcher(f PolicyFetcher) {
+	pm.impl.SetMDMLoader(loaderFor(f))
+}
+
 // ListProfiles returns all available profiles, including the default profile,
 // with their active status set.
 func (pm *ProfileManager) ListProfiles() (*ProfileArray, error) {

client/cmd/login.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
 	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/server"
@@ -330,6 +331,11 @@ func doForegroundLogin(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, setupKey string,
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("read config file %s: %v", configFilePath, err)
 	}
+	// CLI standalone login: profilemanager no longer auto-applies MDM,
+	// so layer in the OS-native policy here. Desktop builds construct
+	// a Loader with no fetcher — the build-tagged loadPlatform reads
+	// the registry/plist directly.
+	config.ApplyMDMPolicy(mdm.NewLoader(nil).Load())
 
 	// Mirror runInForegroundMode: recover residual state (DNS, firewall,
 	// ssh config, legacy routing) from a previous unclean shutdown and

client/cmd/up.go

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
 	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/server"
@@ -234,6 +235,10 @@ func runInForegroundMode(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, activeProf *pr
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("get config file: %v", err)
 	}
+	// CLI foreground path runs without the daemon Server: layer in the
+	// active MDM policy explicitly so a forced ManagementURL / PSK /
+	// other managed key actually takes effect on this run.
+	config.ApplyMDMPolicy(mdm.NewLoader(nil).Load())
 
 	_, _ = profilemanager.UpdateOldManagementURL(ctx, config, configFilePath)
 

client/embed/embed.go

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
 	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
@@ -229,6 +230,10 @@ func New(opts Options) (*Client, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create config: %w", err)
 	}
+	// Embedded path runs without the daemon Server: apply the active
+	// MDM policy explicitly so a forced ManagementURL / PSK / other
+	// managed key takes effect on this embedded engine instance.
+	config.ApplyMDMPolicy(mdm.NewLoader(nil).Load())
 
 	if opts.PrivateKey != "" {
 		config.PrivateKey = opts.PrivateKey

client/iface/device/device_android.go

@@ -63,7 +63,12 @@ func (t *WGTunDevice) Create(routes []string, dns string, searchDomains []string
 		searchDomainsToString = ""
 	}
 
-	fd, err := t.tunAdapter.ConfigureInterface(t.address.String(), t.address.IPv6String(), int(t.mtu), dns, searchDomainsToString, routesString)
+	ipv6Host := ""
+	if t.address.HasIPv6() {
+		ipv6Host = t.address.IPv6HostPrefix().String()
+	}
+
+	fd, err := t.tunAdapter.ConfigureInterface(t.address.HostPrefix().String(), ipv6Host, int(t.mtu), dns, searchDomainsToString, routesString)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to create Android interface: %s", err)
 		return nil, err

client/iface/wgaddr/address.go

@@ -59,6 +59,19 @@ func (addr Address) IPv6Prefix() netip.Prefix {
 	return netip.PrefixFrom(addr.IPv6, addr.IPv6Net.Bits())
 }
 
+// HostPrefix returns the v4 address as a single-host prefix.
+func (addr Address) HostPrefix() netip.Prefix {
+	return netip.PrefixFrom(addr.IP, addr.IP.BitLen())
+}
+
+// IPv6HostPrefix returns the v6 address as a single-host prefix, or an invalid prefix when no v6 overlay address is assigned.
+func (addr Address) IPv6HostPrefix() netip.Prefix {
+	if !addr.HasIPv6() {
+		return netip.Prefix{}
+	}
+	return netip.PrefixFrom(addr.IPv6, addr.IPv6.BitLen())
+}
+
 // SetIPv6FromCompact decodes a compact prefix (5 or 17 bytes) and sets the IPv6 fields.
 // Returns an error if the bytes are invalid. A nil or empty input is a no-op.
 //

client/iface/wgaddr/address_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package wgaddr
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestAddress_HostPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	addr := MustParseWGAddress("100.91.96.107/16")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParsePrefix("100.91.96.107/32"), addr.HostPrefix(), "v4 host prefix must be a single host")
+	assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParsePrefix("100.91.0.0/16"), addr.Network, "network must keep the overlay prefix length")
+	assert.False(t, addr.IPv6HostPrefix().IsValid(), "no v6 overlay means no v6 host prefix")
+}
+
+func TestAddress_IPv6HostPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	addr := MustParseWGAddress("100.91.96.107/16")
+	addr.IPv6 = netip.MustParseAddr("fd00:1234::1")
+	addr.IPv6Net = netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00:1234::/64")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00:1234::1/128"), addr.IPv6HostPrefix(), "v6 host prefix must be a single host")
+}

client/internal/dns/service_listener.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"runtime"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -17,17 +18,20 @@ import (
 	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
 
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ebpf"
-	ebpfMgr "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ebpf/manager"
 )
 
 const (
 	customPort = 5053
+	// randomPortAttempts bounds the search for a port free on both protocols.
+	randomPortAttempts = 5
 )
 
 var (
 	defaultIP = netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1")
 	customIP  = netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.153")
+
+	// dnatProtocols are the protocols the port 53 redirect covers.
+	dnatProtocols = []firewall.Protocol{firewall.ProtocolUDP, firewall.ProtocolTCP}
 )
 
 type serviceViaListener struct {
@@ -40,9 +44,20 @@ type serviceViaListener struct {
 	listenPort        uint16
 	listenerIsRunning bool
 	listenerFlagLock  sync.Mutex
-	ebpfService       ebpfMgr.Manager
 	firewall          Firewall
-	tcpDNATConfigured bool
+	// dnatRules holds the port 53 redirects that are installed and not yet
+	// removed, so a removal that fails can be retried.
+	dnatRules []dnatRule
+}
+
+// dnatRule is a port 53 redirect as it was installed. The target is kept with
+// the rule because the listener can come back on a different address or port,
+// and a retried removal has to name the address and port the rule was added
+// with, not the ones in use now.
+type dnatRule struct {
+	protocol firewall.Protocol
+	ip       netip.Addr
+	port     uint16
 }
 
 func newServiceViaListener(wgIface WGIface, customAddr *netip.AddrPort, fw Firewall) *serviceViaListener {
@@ -112,34 +127,93 @@ func (s *serviceViaListener) Listen() error {
 		}
 	}()
 
-	// When eBPF redirects UDP port 53 to our listen port, TCP still needs
+	if s.listenPort != DefaultPort {
-	// a DNAT rule because eBPF only handles UDP.
+		s.setupDNAT()
-	if s.ebpfService != nil && s.firewall != nil && s.listenPort != DefaultPort {
-		if err := s.firewall.AddOutputDNAT(s.listenIP, firewall.ProtocolTCP, DefaultPort, s.listenPort); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("failed to add DNS TCP DNAT rule, TCP DNS on port 53 will not work: %v", err)
-		} else {
-			s.tcpDNATConfigured = true
-			log.Infof("added DNS TCP DNAT rule: %s:%d -> %s:%d", s.listenIP, DefaultPort, s.listenIP, s.listenPort)
-		}
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
+// setupDNAT redirects port 53 to the port the DNS server actually listens on.
+// Both protocols must be redirected or none: RuntimePort reports port 53 only
+// while the full redirect is in place, so a half-configured redirect would
+// advertise a resolver that answers over one protocol.
+func (s *serviceViaListener) setupDNAT() {
+	if s.firewall == nil {
+		log.Errorf("no firewall manager available to redirect DNS port %d to %d, "+
+			"clients pointed at %s will not reach the resolver", DefaultPort, s.listenPort, s.listenIP)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Clear whatever an earlier removal left behind first. Those rules can point
+	// at an address or port this listener no longer uses, and they are matched
+	// before anything added now, so adding a redirect on top of one would keep
+	// sending port 53 traffic to the previous listener while reporting the
+	// redirect as complete. The rules stay recorded for a later attempt.
+	if err := s.removeDNAT(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to remove stale DNS DNAT rules, leaving port %d redirected to the previous listener: %v",
+			DefaultPort, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, proto := range dnatProtocols {
+		if err := s.firewall.AddOutputDNAT(s.listenIP, proto, DefaultPort, s.listenPort); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to add DNS %s DNAT rule, DNS on port %d will not work: %v",
+				proto, DefaultPort, err)
+			if err := s.removeDNAT(); err != nil {
+				log.Warnf("failed to roll back DNS DNAT rules, retrying on stop: %v", err)
+			}
+			return
+		}
+		s.dnatRules = append(s.dnatRules, dnatRule{protocol: proto, ip: s.listenIP, port: s.listenPort})
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("added DNS DNAT rules: %s:%d -> %s:%d (UDP + TCP)", s.listenIP, DefaultPort, s.listenIP, s.listenPort)
+}
+
+// removeDNAT removes every installed port 53 redirect. A rule whose removal
+// fails stays recorded so a later setup or Stop retries it, rather than leaving
+// port 53 pointing at a resolver that is no longer listening.
+func (s *serviceViaListener) removeDNAT() error {
+	if s.firewall == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	var remaining []dnatRule
+	for _, rule := range s.dnatRules {
+		if err := s.firewall.RemoveOutputDNAT(rule.ip, rule.protocol, DefaultPort, rule.port); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove DNS %s DNAT rule for %s:%d: %w",
+				rule.protocol, rule.ip, rule.port, err))
+			remaining = append(remaining, rule)
+		}
+	}
+	s.dnatRules = remaining
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
 func (s *serviceViaListener) Stop() error {
 	s.listenerFlagLock.Lock()
 	defer s.listenerFlagLock.Unlock()
 
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	// Redirects are removed even when the listener is already stopped, so that
+	// a removal which failed earlier is retried instead of leaving port 53
+	// pointing at a resolver that no longer listens.
+	if err := s.removeDNAT(); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+	}
+
 	if !s.listenerIsRunning {
-		return nil
+		return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 	}
 	s.listenerIsRunning = false
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
 
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-
 	if err := s.server.ShutdownContext(ctx); err != nil {
 		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("stop DNS UDP server: %w", err))
 	}
@@ -148,19 +222,6 @@ func (s *serviceViaListener) Stop() error {
 		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("stop DNS TCP server: %w", err))
 	}
 
-	if s.tcpDNATConfigured && s.firewall != nil {
-		if err := s.firewall.RemoveOutputDNAT(s.listenIP, firewall.ProtocolTCP, DefaultPort, s.listenPort); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove DNS TCP DNAT rule: %w", err))
-		}
-		s.tcpDNATConfigured = false
-	}
-
-	if s.ebpfService != nil {
-		if err := s.ebpfService.FreeDNSFwd(); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("stop traffic forwarder: %w", err))
-		}
-	}
-
 	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
@@ -177,11 +238,23 @@ func (s *serviceViaListener) RuntimePort() int {
 	s.listenerFlagLock.Lock()
 	defer s.listenerFlagLock.Unlock()
 
-	if s.ebpfService != nil {
+	if s.redirectInstalled() {
 		return DefaultPort
-	} else {
-		return int(s.listenPort)
 	}
+	return int(s.listenPort)
+}
+
+// redirectInstalled reports whether every protocol is redirected from port 53
+// to the address and port the listener currently serves. Rules left over from
+// an earlier listener do not count.
+func (s *serviceViaListener) redirectInstalled() bool {
+	for _, proto := range dnatProtocols {
+		current := dnatRule{protocol: proto, ip: s.listenIP, port: s.listenPort}
+		if !slices.Contains(s.dnatRules, current) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
 }
 
 func (s *serviceViaListener) RuntimeIP() netip.Addr {
@@ -190,30 +263,29 @@ func (s *serviceViaListener) RuntimeIP() netip.Addr {
 
 // evalListenAddress figures out the listen address for the DNS server.
 // IPv4-only: all peers have a v4 overlay address, and DNS config points to v4.
-// First checks port 53 on WG interface or lo, then tries eBPF on a random port,
+// Prefers port 53 on the overlay interface or lo, so no redirect is needed at
-// then falls back to port 5053.
+// all; when it is taken it falls back to port 5053 and then to a random free
+// port, both of which need the port 53 redirect set up by setupDNAT.
 func (s *serviceViaListener) evalListenAddress() (netip.Addr, uint16, error) {
 	if s.customAddr != nil {
 		return s.customAddr.Addr(), s.customAddr.Port(), nil
 	}
 
-	ip, ok := s.testFreePort(DefaultPort)
+	if ip, ok := s.testFreePort(DefaultPort); ok {
-	if ok {
 		return ip, DefaultPort, nil
 	}
 
-	ebpfSrv, port, ok := s.tryToUseeBPF()
+	if ip, ok := s.testFreePort(customPort); ok {
-	if ok {
-		s.ebpfService = ebpfSrv
-		return s.wgInterface.Address().IP, port, nil
-	}
-
-	ip, ok = s.testFreePort(customPort)
-	if ok {
 		return ip, customPort, nil
 	}
 
-	return netip.Addr{}, 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to find a free port for DNS server")
+	ip := s.wgInterface.Address().IP
+	port, err := s.randomFreePort(ip)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Addr{}, 0, fmt.Errorf("find a free port for DNS server: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return ip, port, nil
 }
 
 func (s *serviceViaListener) testFreePort(port int) (netip.Addr, bool) {
@@ -260,48 +332,25 @@ func (s *serviceViaListener) tryToBind(ip netip.Addr, port int) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
-// tryToUseeBPF decides whether to apply eBPF program to capture DNS traffic on port 53.
+// randomFreePort returns a port that is free on ip for both UDP and TCP, since
-// This is needed because on some operating systems if we start a DNS server not on a default port 53,
+// the DNS server binds both. The probe listeners are closed again, so the port
-// the domain name  resolution won't work. So, in case we are running on Linux and picked a free
+// is only likely, not guaranteed, to still be free when the server binds it.
-// port we should fall back to the eBPF solution that will capture traffic on port 53 and forward
+func (s *serviceViaListener) randomFreePort(ip netip.Addr) (uint16, error) {
-// it to a local DNS server running on the chosen port.
+	for range randomPortAttempts {
-func (s *serviceViaListener) tryToUseeBPF() (ebpfMgr.Manager, uint16, bool) {
+		probeListener, err := net.ListenUDP("udp4", &net.UDPAddr{})
-	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" {
+		if err != nil {
-		return nil, 0, false
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("bind random port: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		port := uint16(probeListener.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr).Port)
+		if err := probeListener.Close(); err != nil {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("free up probed port: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		if s.tryToBind(ip, int(port)) {
+			return port, nil
+		}
 	}
 
-	port, err := s.generateFreePort() //nolint:staticcheck,unused
+	return 0, fmt.Errorf("no port free for UDP and TCP on %s after %d attempts", ip, randomPortAttempts)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to generate a free port for eBPF DNS forwarder server: %s", err)
-		return nil, 0, false
-	}
-
-	ebpfSrv := ebpf.GetEbpfManagerInstance()
-	err = ebpfSrv.LoadDNSFwd(s.wgInterface.Address().IP, int(port))
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to load DNS forwarder eBPF program, error: %s", err)
-		return nil, 0, false
-	}
-
-	return ebpfSrv, port, true
-}
-
-func (s *serviceViaListener) generateFreePort() (uint16, error) {
-	ok := s.tryToBind(s.wgInterface.Address().IP, customPort)
-	if ok {
-		return customPort, nil
-	}
-
-	probeListener, err := net.ListenUDP("udp4", &net.UDPAddr{})
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("failed to bind random port for DNS: %s", err)
-		return 0, err
-	}
-
-	port := uint16(probeListener.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr).Port)
-	if err = probeListener.Close(); err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("failed to free up DNS port: %s", err)
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	return port, nil
 }

client/internal/dns/service_listener_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package dns
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
@@ -10,6 +11,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 )
 
 func TestServiceViaListener_TCPAndUDP(t *testing.T) {
@@ -84,3 +87,133 @@ func TestServiceViaListener_TCPAndUDP(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NotEmpty(t, tcpResp.Answer)
 	assert.Contains(t, tcpResp.Answer[0].String(), "192.0.2.1", "TCP response should contain expected IP")
 }
+
+type dnatCall struct {
+	rule  dnatRule
+	added bool
+}
+
+// fakeFirewall records DNAT calls and fails the ones named in addErrs/removeErrs.
+type fakeFirewall struct {
+	calls      []dnatCall
+	addErrs    map[firewall.Protocol]error
+	removeErrs map[firewall.Protocol]error
+}
+
+func (f *fakeFirewall) AddOutputDNAT(ip netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, _, translatedPort uint16) error {
+	if err := f.addErrs[protocol]; err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	f.calls = append(f.calls, dnatCall{rule: dnatRule{protocol: protocol, ip: ip, port: translatedPort}, added: true})
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeFirewall) RemoveOutputDNAT(ip netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, _, translatedPort uint16) error {
+	if err := f.removeErrs[protocol]; err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	f.calls = append(f.calls, dnatCall{rule: dnatRule{protocol: protocol, ip: ip, port: translatedPort}})
+	return nil
+}
+
+func newDNATTestService(fw Firewall) *serviceViaListener {
+	return &serviceViaListener{
+		listenIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+		listenPort: customPort,
+		firewall:   fw,
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSetupDNAT_BothProtocols(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newDNATTestService(&fakeFirewall{})
+
+	svc.setupDNAT()
+
+	assert.Len(t, svc.dnatRules, len(dnatProtocols))
+	assert.Equal(t, DefaultPort, svc.RuntimePort(), "port 53 is advertised once both redirects are installed")
+}
+
+func TestSetupDNAT_RollsBackPartialRedirect(t *testing.T) {
+	fw := &fakeFirewall{addErrs: map[firewall.Protocol]error{firewall.ProtocolTCP: errors.New("nftables busy")}}
+	svc := newDNATTestService(fw)
+
+	svc.setupDNAT()
+
+	assert.Empty(t, svc.dnatRules, "the UDP redirect installed before the failure must be rolled back")
+	assert.Equal(t, int(svc.listenPort), svc.RuntimePort(), "an incomplete redirect must not advertise port 53")
+	udp := dnatRule{protocol: firewall.ProtocolUDP, ip: svc.listenIP, port: svc.listenPort}
+	assert.Contains(t, fw.calls, dnatCall{rule: udp}, "UDP removal should have been attempted")
+}
+
+// A rollback that fails must keep the rule recorded, so port 53 is not left
+// redirected to a resolver that no longer listens.
+func TestStop_RetriesFailedDNATRemoval(t *testing.T) {
+	fw := &fakeFirewall{
+		addErrs:    map[firewall.Protocol]error{firewall.ProtocolTCP: errors.New("nftables busy")},
+		removeErrs: map[firewall.Protocol]error{firewall.ProtocolUDP: errors.New("nftables busy")},
+	}
+	svc := newDNATTestService(fw)
+
+	svc.setupDNAT()
+	udp := dnatRule{protocol: firewall.ProtocolUDP, ip: svc.listenIP, port: svc.listenPort}
+	require.Equal(t, []dnatRule{udp}, svc.dnatRules, "a failed rollback keeps the rule for a later retry")
+
+	require.Error(t, svc.Stop(), "the failing removal should be reported")
+	require.Equal(t, []dnatRule{udp}, svc.dnatRules)
+
+	delete(fw.removeErrs, firewall.ProtocolUDP)
+	require.NoError(t, svc.Stop(), "a later stop retries the removal")
+	assert.Empty(t, svc.dnatRules)
+}
+
+// A stale rule that cannot be removed is matched before anything added now, so
+// no new redirect may be installed on top of it and port 53 must not be
+// advertised as reaching this listener.
+func TestSetupDNAT_AbortsWhileStaleRuleRemains(t *testing.T) {
+	fw := &fakeFirewall{removeErrs: map[firewall.Protocol]error{firewall.ProtocolUDP: errors.New("nftables busy")}}
+	svc := newDNATTestService(fw)
+	stalePort := svc.listenPort
+
+	svc.setupDNAT()
+	require.Error(t, svc.Stop())
+	staleUDP := dnatRule{protocol: firewall.ProtocolUDP, ip: svc.listenIP, port: stalePort}
+	require.Equal(t, []dnatRule{staleUDP}, svc.dnatRules)
+
+	svc.listenPort = stalePort + 1
+	fw.calls = nil
+
+	svc.setupDNAT()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []dnatRule{staleUDP}, svc.dnatRules, "the stale rule stays recorded for a later attempt")
+	for _, call := range fw.calls {
+		assert.False(t, call.added, "no redirect may be installed while a stale one is still in place")
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, int(svc.listenPort), svc.RuntimePort(), "port 53 must not be advertised")
+}
+
+// A rule left behind by a failed removal must be removed with the address and
+// port it was installed with, even when the listener has since moved to another
+// port, and it must not count towards the redirect the new listener advertises.
+func TestSetupDNAT_ClearsStaleRuleAfterPortChange(t *testing.T) {
+	fw := &fakeFirewall{removeErrs: map[firewall.Protocol]error{firewall.ProtocolUDP: errors.New("nftables busy")}}
+	svc := newDNATTestService(fw)
+	stalePort := svc.listenPort
+
+	svc.setupDNAT()
+	require.Error(t, svc.Stop())
+	staleUDP := dnatRule{protocol: firewall.ProtocolUDP, ip: svc.listenIP, port: stalePort}
+	require.Equal(t, []dnatRule{staleUDP}, svc.dnatRules)
+
+	delete(fw.removeErrs, firewall.ProtocolUDP)
+	svc.listenPort = stalePort + 1
+	fw.calls = nil
+
+	svc.setupDNAT()
+
+	assert.Contains(t, fw.calls, dnatCall{rule: staleUDP}, "the stale rule must be removed with its original port")
+	assert.Len(t, svc.dnatRules, len(dnatProtocols))
+	assert.Equal(t, DefaultPort, svc.RuntimePort(), "the new listener is fully redirected")
+	for _, rule := range svc.dnatRules {
+		assert.Equal(t, svc.listenPort, rule.port, "only rules for the current listener remain")
+	}
+}

client/internal/dnsfwd/forwarder.go

@@ -54,12 +54,20 @@ type DNSForwarder struct {
 	ttl            uint32
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status
 
-	dnsServer *dns.Server
+	mux    *dns.ServeMux
-	mux       *dns.ServeMux
+	tcpMux *dns.ServeMux
-	tcpServer *dns.Server
-	tcpMux    *dns.ServeMux
 
-	mutex      sync.RWMutex
+	mutex sync.RWMutex
+	// closed records that Close has run, so a Listen still in flight does not
+	// go on to serve sockets nobody will shut down.
+	closed bool
+	// The sockets are kept alongside the servers because closing them is the
+	// only stop that always works: a server whose ActivateAndServe has not run
+	// yet refuses to shut down, and would otherwise start serving afterwards.
+	udpConn    net.PacketConn
+	tcpLn      net.Listener
+	dnsServer  *dns.Server
+	tcpServer  *dns.Server
 	fwdEntries []*ForwarderEntry
 	firewall   firewaller
 	resolver   resolver
@@ -106,7 +114,7 @@ func (f *DNSForwarder) Listen(entries []*ForwarderEntry) error {
 	mux := dns.NewServeMux()
 	f.mux = mux
 	mux.HandleFunc(".", f.handleDNSQueryUDP)
-	f.dnsServer = &dns.Server{
+	dnsServer := &dns.Server{
 		PacketConn: udpLn,
 		Handler:    mux,
 	}
@@ -114,22 +122,32 @@ func (f *DNSForwarder) Listen(entries []*ForwarderEntry) error {
 	tcpMux := dns.NewServeMux()
 	f.tcpMux = tcpMux
 	tcpMux.HandleFunc(".", f.handleDNSQueryTCP)
-	f.tcpServer = &dns.Server{
+	tcpServer := &dns.Server{
 		Listener: tcpLn,
 		Handler:  tcpMux,
 	}
 
-	f.UpdateDomains(entries)
+	if !f.publish(udpLn, tcpLn, dnsServer, tcpServer, entries) {
+		log.Infof("DNS forwarder on %s was closed before it started serving", addrDesc)
+		if err := udpLn.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("close UDP listener of a closed forwarder: %v", err)
+		}
+		if err := tcpLn.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("close TCP listener of a closed forwarder: %v", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	log.Debugf("DNS forwarder serving %d domains", len(entries))
 
 	errCh := make(chan error, 2)
 
 	go func() {
 		log.Infof("DNS UDP listener running on %s", addrDesc)
-		errCh <- f.dnsServer.ActivateAndServe()
+		errCh <- dnsServer.ActivateAndServe()
 	}()
 	go func() {
 		log.Infof("DNS TCP listener running on %s", addrDesc)
-		errCh <- f.tcpServer.ActivateAndServe()
+		errCh <- tcpServer.ActivateAndServe()
 	}()
 
 	return <-errCh
@@ -151,6 +169,46 @@ func (f *DNSForwarder) createTCPListener(netstackNet *netstack.Net) (net.Listene
 	return net.ListenTCP("tcp", net.TCPAddrFromAddrPort(f.listenAddress))
 }
 
+// publish hands the sockets, servers and entries to the forwarder so Close can
+// reach them and Domains can report them, and says whether serving may begin.
+// Listen runs on its own goroutine, so a Close can arrive before it gets this
+// far; false means the caller must close what it created instead of serving on
+// it.
+//
+// The entries go in under the same lock rather than afterwards. Anything that
+// reads them in between would otherwise see a forwarder that is listening and
+// serves no domain, which for a caller rebuilding one means it comes back
+// refusing every routed query.
+func (f *DNSForwarder) publish(
+	udpConn net.PacketConn,
+	tcpLn net.Listener,
+	dnsServer, tcpServer *dns.Server,
+	entries []*ForwarderEntry,
+) bool {
+	f.mutex.Lock()
+	defer f.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	if f.closed {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	f.udpConn = udpConn
+	f.tcpLn = tcpLn
+	f.dnsServer = dnsServer
+	f.tcpServer = tcpServer
+	f.fwdEntries = entries
+	return true
+}
+
+// Domains returns the entries currently being served. The slice is replaced
+// wholesale by UpdateDomains rather than mutated, so the caller may read it but
+// must not write to it.
+func (f *DNSForwarder) Domains() []*ForwarderEntry {
+	f.mutex.RLock()
+	defer f.mutex.RUnlock()
+	return f.fwdEntries
+}
+
 func (f *DNSForwarder) UpdateDomains(entries []*ForwarderEntry) {
 	f.mutex.Lock()
 	defer f.mutex.Unlock()
@@ -189,19 +247,45 @@ func (f *DNSForwarder) removeStaleCacheEntries(oldEntries, newEntries []*Forward
 }
 
 func (f *DNSForwarder) Close(ctx context.Context) error {
+	// Marked closed under the lock so a Listen that has not published its
+	// servers yet gives up instead of racing this shutdown. The shutdowns
+	// themselves block, so they run outside it.
+	f.mutex.Lock()
+	f.closed = true
+	dnsServer, tcpServer := f.dnsServer, f.tcpServer
+	udpConn, tcpLn := f.udpConn, f.tcpLn
+	f.mutex.Unlock()
+
 	var result *multierror.Error
 
-	if f.dnsServer != nil {
+	if dnsServer != nil {
-		if err := f.dnsServer.ShutdownContext(ctx); err != nil {
+		if err := shutdownServer(ctx, dnsServer); err != nil {
 			result = multierror.Append(result, fmt.Errorf("UDP shutdown: %w", err))
 		}
 	}
-	if f.tcpServer != nil {
+	if tcpServer != nil {
-		if err := f.tcpServer.ShutdownContext(ctx); err != nil {
+		if err := shutdownServer(ctx, tcpServer); err != nil {
 			result = multierror.Append(result, fmt.Errorf("TCP shutdown: %w", err))
 		}
 	}
 
+	// The sockets are closed even when the shutdowns above reported nothing to
+	// do. A server that has been published but has not reached
+	// ActivateAndServe refuses to shut down, and closing what it was about to
+	// serve on is what stops it: the alternative is a listener still answering
+	// on an interface that has gone away. A shutdown that did run has already
+	// closed these, so the second close is expected to fail.
+	if udpConn != nil {
+		if err := udpConn.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("close UDP socket of the DNS forwarder: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if tcpLn != nil {
+		if err := tcpLn.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("close TCP socket of the DNS forwarder: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(result)
 }
 
@@ -514,3 +598,16 @@ func attachEDE(resp *dns.Msg, code uint16, text string) {
 	}
 	opt.Option = append(opt.Option, &dns.EDNS0_EDE{InfoCode: code, ExtraText: text})
 }
+
+// shutdownServer shuts a server down gracefully, treating "never started" as
+// success. A server that was published but has not reached ActivateAndServe
+// has nothing to wind down, and the caller closes its socket regardless, which
+// is what actually stops it. dns exports no sentinel for this, so the message
+// is all there is to match on.
+func shutdownServer(ctx context.Context, server *dns.Server) error {
+	err := server.ShutdownContext(ctx)
+	if err == nil || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "server not started") {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return err
+}

client/internal/dnsfwd/forwarder_test.go

@@ -1238,3 +1238,55 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_EmptyQuery(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.Nil(t, mockWriter.GetLastResponse(), "Should not write response for empty query")
 }
+
+// TestDNSForwarder_ClosedBeforeItServes covers Listen reaching the point of
+// serving after the forwarder has already been closed. Listen runs on its own
+// goroutine, so it can get there late, and a socket it starts serving then is
+// one nothing will ever close: on Android it keeps answering on an interface
+// that has been replaced. The close is sequenced first here rather than raced,
+// which pins the same state deterministically.
+func TestDNSForwarder_ClosedBeforeItServes(t *testing.T) {
+	f := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 60, nil, nil, nil)
+
+	require.NoError(t, f.Close(context.Background()), "closing a forwarder that never started")
+
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- f.Listen(nil) }()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "a closed forwarder should give up quietly, not serve")
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("Listen went on to serve after the forwarder was closed")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestDNSForwarder_CloseStopsUnactivatedServers covers the window between
+// Listen publishing its servers and reaching ActivateAndServe. A server that
+// has not been activated refuses to shut down, so Close has to close the
+// sockets itself or they are left serving.
+func TestDNSForwarder_CloseStopsUnactivatedServers(t *testing.T) {
+	f := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 60, nil, nil, nil)
+
+	udpConn, err := f.createUDPListener(nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create UDP listener")
+	tcpLn, err := f.createTCPListener(nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create TCP listener")
+
+	// Published but deliberately never activated, which is the state Listen is
+	// in for the moment before it starts serving.
+	require.True(t, f.publish(udpConn, tcpLn, &dns.Server{PacketConn: udpConn}, &dns.Server{Listener: tcpLn}, nil),
+		"publishing to an open forwarder")
+
+	tcpAddr := tcpLn.Addr().String()
+	require.NoError(t, f.Close(context.Background()), "close should report no error for servers it could not shut down")
+
+	_, err = tcpLn.Accept()
+	assert.Error(t, err, "the TCP socket should be closed after Close")
+
+	conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", tcpAddr, time.Second)
+	if err == nil {
+		_ = conn.Close()
+		t.Fatal("the forwarder is still accepting connections after Close")
+	}
+}

client/internal/dnsfwd/manager.go

@@ -117,6 +117,16 @@ func (m *Manager) UpdateDomains(entries []*ForwarderEntry) {
 	m.dnsForwarder.UpdateDomains(entries)
 }
 
+// Domains returns the entries currently being served, or nil when the
+// forwarder is not running.
+func (m *Manager) Domains() []*ForwarderEntry {
+	if m.dnsForwarder == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return m.dnsForwarder.Domains()
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if m.dnsForwarder == nil {
 		return nil

client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/bpf_bpfeb.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Code generated by bpf2go; DO NOT EDIT.
-//go:build arm64be || armbe || mips || mips64 || mips64p32 || ppc64 || s390 || s390x || sparc || sparc64
+//go:build mips || mips64 || ppc64 || s390x
 
 package ebpf
 
@@ -47,9 +47,10 @@ func loadBpfObjects(obj interface{}, opts *ebpf.CollectionOptions) error {
 type bpfSpecs struct {
 	bpfProgramSpecs
 	bpfMapSpecs
+	bpfVariableSpecs
 }
 
-// bpfSpecs contains programs before they are loaded into the kernel.
+// bpfProgramSpecs contains programs before they are loaded into the kernel.
 //
 // It can be passed ebpf.CollectionSpec.Assign.
 type bpfProgramSpecs struct {
@@ -61,17 +62,28 @@ type bpfProgramSpecs struct {
 // It can be passed ebpf.CollectionSpec.Assign.
 type bpfMapSpecs struct {
 	NbFeatures           *ebpf.MapSpec `ebpf:"nb_features"`
-	NbMapDnsIp           *ebpf.MapSpec `ebpf:"nb_map_dns_ip"`
-	NbMapDnsPort         *ebpf.MapSpec `ebpf:"nb_map_dns_port"`
 	NbWgProxySettingsMap *ebpf.MapSpec `ebpf:"nb_wg_proxy_settings_map"`
 }
 
+// bpfVariableSpecs contains global variables before they are loaded into the kernel.
+//
+// It can be passed ebpf.CollectionSpec.Assign.
+type bpfVariableSpecs struct {
+	FlagFeatureWgProxy *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"flag_feature_wg_proxy"`
+	MapKeyFeatures     *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"map_key_features"`
+	MapKeyProxyPort    *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"map_key_proxy_port"`
+	MapKeyWgPort       *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"map_key_wg_port"`
+	ProxyPort          *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"proxy_port"`
+	WgPort             *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"wg_port"`
+}
+
 // bpfObjects contains all objects after they have been loaded into the kernel.
 //
 // It can be passed to loadBpfObjects or ebpf.CollectionSpec.LoadAndAssign.
 type bpfObjects struct {
 	bpfPrograms
 	bpfMaps
+	bpfVariables
 }
 
 func (o *bpfObjects) Close() error {
@@ -86,20 +98,28 @@ func (o *bpfObjects) Close() error {
 // It can be passed to loadBpfObjects or ebpf.CollectionSpec.LoadAndAssign.
 type bpfMaps struct {
 	NbFeatures           *ebpf.Map `ebpf:"nb_features"`
-	NbMapDnsIp           *ebpf.Map `ebpf:"nb_map_dns_ip"`
-	NbMapDnsPort         *ebpf.Map `ebpf:"nb_map_dns_port"`
 	NbWgProxySettingsMap *ebpf.Map `ebpf:"nb_wg_proxy_settings_map"`
 }
 
 func (m *bpfMaps) Close() error {
 	return _BpfClose(
 		m.NbFeatures,
-		m.NbMapDnsIp,
-		m.NbMapDnsPort,
 		m.NbWgProxySettingsMap,
 	)
 }
 
+// bpfVariables contains all global variables after they have been loaded into the kernel.
+//
+// It can be passed to loadBpfObjects or ebpf.CollectionSpec.LoadAndAssign.
+type bpfVariables struct {
+	FlagFeatureWgProxy *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"flag_feature_wg_proxy"`
+	MapKeyFeatures     *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"map_key_features"`
+	MapKeyProxyPort    *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"map_key_proxy_port"`
+	MapKeyWgPort       *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"map_key_wg_port"`
+	ProxyPort          *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"proxy_port"`
+	WgPort             *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"wg_port"`
+}
+
 // bpfPrograms contains all programs after they have been loaded into the kernel.
 //
 // It can be passed to loadBpfObjects or ebpf.CollectionSpec.LoadAndAssign.

client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/bpf_bpfel.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Code generated by bpf2go; DO NOT EDIT.
-//go:build 386 || amd64 || amd64p32 || arm || arm64 || loong64 || mips64le || mips64p32le || mipsle || ppc64le || riscv64
+//go:build 386 || amd64 || arm || arm64 || loong64 || mips64le || mipsle || ppc64le || riscv64 || wasm
 
 package ebpf
 
@@ -47,9 +47,10 @@ func loadBpfObjects(obj interface{}, opts *ebpf.CollectionOptions) error {
 type bpfSpecs struct {
 	bpfProgramSpecs
 	bpfMapSpecs
+	bpfVariableSpecs
 }
 
-// bpfSpecs contains programs before they are loaded into the kernel.
+// bpfProgramSpecs contains programs before they are loaded into the kernel.
 //
 // It can be passed ebpf.CollectionSpec.Assign.
 type bpfProgramSpecs struct {
@@ -61,17 +62,28 @@ type bpfProgramSpecs struct {
 // It can be passed ebpf.CollectionSpec.Assign.
 type bpfMapSpecs struct {
 	NbFeatures           *ebpf.MapSpec `ebpf:"nb_features"`
-	NbMapDnsIp           *ebpf.MapSpec `ebpf:"nb_map_dns_ip"`
-	NbMapDnsPort         *ebpf.MapSpec `ebpf:"nb_map_dns_port"`
 	NbWgProxySettingsMap *ebpf.MapSpec `ebpf:"nb_wg_proxy_settings_map"`
 }
 
+// bpfVariableSpecs contains global variables before they are loaded into the kernel.
+//
+// It can be passed ebpf.CollectionSpec.Assign.
+type bpfVariableSpecs struct {
+	FlagFeatureWgProxy *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"flag_feature_wg_proxy"`
+	MapKeyFeatures     *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"map_key_features"`
+	MapKeyProxyPort    *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"map_key_proxy_port"`
+	MapKeyWgPort       *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"map_key_wg_port"`
+	ProxyPort          *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"proxy_port"`
+	WgPort             *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"wg_port"`
+}
+
 // bpfObjects contains all objects after they have been loaded into the kernel.
 //
 // It can be passed to loadBpfObjects or ebpf.CollectionSpec.LoadAndAssign.
 type bpfObjects struct {
 	bpfPrograms
 	bpfMaps
+	bpfVariables
 }
 
 func (o *bpfObjects) Close() error {
@@ -86,20 +98,28 @@ func (o *bpfObjects) Close() error {
 // It can be passed to loadBpfObjects or ebpf.CollectionSpec.LoadAndAssign.
 type bpfMaps struct {
 	NbFeatures           *ebpf.Map `ebpf:"nb_features"`
-	NbMapDnsIp           *ebpf.Map `ebpf:"nb_map_dns_ip"`
-	NbMapDnsPort         *ebpf.Map `ebpf:"nb_map_dns_port"`
 	NbWgProxySettingsMap *ebpf.Map `ebpf:"nb_wg_proxy_settings_map"`
 }
 
 func (m *bpfMaps) Close() error {
 	return _BpfClose(
 		m.NbFeatures,
-		m.NbMapDnsIp,
-		m.NbMapDnsPort,
 		m.NbWgProxySettingsMap,
 	)
 }
 
+// bpfVariables contains all global variables after they have been loaded into the kernel.
+//
+// It can be passed to loadBpfObjects or ebpf.CollectionSpec.LoadAndAssign.
+type bpfVariables struct {
+	FlagFeatureWgProxy *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"flag_feature_wg_proxy"`
+	MapKeyFeatures     *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"map_key_features"`
+	MapKeyProxyPort    *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"map_key_proxy_port"`
+	MapKeyWgPort       *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"map_key_wg_port"`
+	ProxyPort          *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"proxy_port"`
+	WgPort             *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"wg_port"`
+}
+
 // bpfPrograms contains all programs after they have been loaded into the kernel.
 //
 // It can be passed to loadBpfObjects or ebpf.CollectionSpec.LoadAndAssign.

client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/dns_fwd_linux.go

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-package ebpf
-
-import (
-	"encoding/binary"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/netip"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-)
-
-const (
-	mapKeyDNSIP   uint32 = 0
-	mapKeyDNSPort uint32 = 1
-)
-
-func (tf *GeneralManager) LoadDNSFwd(ip netip.Addr, dnsPort int) error {
-	log.Debugf("load eBPF DNS forwarder, watching addr: %s:53, redirect to port: %d", ip, dnsPort)
-	tf.lock.Lock()
-	defer tf.lock.Unlock()
-
-	err := tf.loadXdp()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if !ip.Is4() {
-		return fmt.Errorf("eBPF DNS forwarder only supports IPv4, got %s", ip)
-	}
-	ip4 := ip.As4()
-	err = tf.bpfObjs.NbMapDnsIp.Put(mapKeyDNSIP, binary.BigEndian.Uint32(ip4[:]))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = tf.bpfObjs.NbMapDnsPort.Put(mapKeyDNSPort, uint16(dnsPort))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	tf.setFeatureFlag(featureFlagDnsForwarder)
-	err = tf.bpfObjs.NbFeatures.Put(mapKeyFeatures, tf.featureFlags)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (tf *GeneralManager) FreeDNSFwd() error {
-	log.Debugf("free ebpf DNS forwarder")
-	return tf.unsetFeatureFlag(featureFlagDnsForwarder)
-}
-

client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/manager_linux.go

@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ import (
 const (
 	mapKeyFeatures uint32 = 0
 
-	featureFlagWGProxy      = 0b00000001
+	featureFlagWGProxy = 0b00000001
-	featureFlagDnsForwarder = 0b00000010
 )
 
 var (
@@ -28,9 +27,9 @@ var (
 
 // GeneralManager is used to load multiple eBPF programs with a custom check (if then) done in prog.c
 // The manager simply adds a feature (byte) of each program to a map that is shared between the userspace and kernel.
-// When packet arrives, the C code checks for each feature (if it is set) and executes each enabled program (e.g., dns_fwd.c and wg_proxy.c).
+// When packet arrives, the C code checks for each feature (if it is set) and executes each enabled program (e.g., wg_proxy.c).
 //
-//go:generate go run github.com/cilium/ebpf/cmd/bpf2go -cc clang-14 bpf src/prog.c -- -I /usr/x86_64-linux-gnu/include
+//go:generate go run github.com/cilium/ebpf/cmd/bpf2go -cc clang-14 bpf src/prog.c -- -I /usr/x86_64-linux-gnu/include -include src/bpf_map_def.h
 type GeneralManager struct {
 	lock         sync.Mutex
 	link         link.Link

client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/manager_linux_test.go

@@ -7,33 +7,24 @@ import (
 func TestManager_setFeatureFlag(t *testing.T) {
 	mgr := GeneralManager{}
 	mgr.setFeatureFlag(featureFlagWGProxy)
-	if mgr.featureFlags != 1 {
+	if mgr.featureFlags != featureFlagWGProxy {
 		t.Errorf("invalid feature state")
 	}
 
-	mgr.setFeatureFlag(featureFlagDnsForwarder)
+	mgr.setFeatureFlag(featureFlagWGProxy)
-	if mgr.featureFlags != 3 {
+	if mgr.featureFlags != featureFlagWGProxy {
-		t.Errorf("invalid feature state")
+		t.Errorf("setting a flag twice must be idempotent, got: %d", mgr.featureFlags)
 	}
 }
 
 func TestManager_unsetFeatureFlag(t *testing.T) {
 	mgr := GeneralManager{}
 	mgr.setFeatureFlag(featureFlagWGProxy)
-	mgr.setFeatureFlag(featureFlagDnsForwarder)
 
 	err := mgr.unsetFeatureFlag(featureFlagWGProxy)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected error: %s", err)
 	}
-	if mgr.featureFlags != 2 {
-		t.Errorf("invalid feature state, expected: %d, got: %d", 2, mgr.featureFlags)
-	}
-
-	err = mgr.unsetFeatureFlag(featureFlagDnsForwarder)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected error: %s", err)
-	}
 	if mgr.featureFlags != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("invalid feature state, expected: %d, got: %d", 0, mgr.featureFlags)
 	}

client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/bpf_map_def.h

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// libbpf 1.0 removed struct bpf_map_def, but the programs here keep the legacy
+// map definitions: they load on kernels built without BTF, which BTF-style
+// (SEC(".maps")) definitions do not. Define the struct ourselves so the
+// programs compile against current libbpf headers.
+#ifndef NB_BPF_MAP_DEF_H
+#define NB_BPF_MAP_DEF_H
+
+struct bpf_map_def {
+	unsigned int type;
+	unsigned int key_size;
+	unsigned int value_size;
+	unsigned int max_entries;
+	unsigned int map_flags;
+};
+
+#endif

client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/dns_fwd.c

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-const __u32 map_key_dns_ip = 0;
-const __u32 map_key_dns_port = 1;
-
-struct bpf_map_def SEC("maps") nb_map_dns_ip = {
-	.type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY,
-	.key_size = sizeof(__u32),
-	.value_size = sizeof(__u32),
-	.max_entries = 10,
-};
-
-struct bpf_map_def SEC("maps") nb_map_dns_port = {
-	.type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY,
-	.key_size = sizeof(__u32),
-	.value_size = sizeof(__u16),
-	.max_entries = 10,
-};
-
-__be32 dns_ip = 0;
-__be16 dns_port = 0;
-
-// 13568 is 53 in big endian
-__be16 GENERAL_DNS_PORT = 13568;
-
-bool read_settings() {
-    __u16 *port_value;
-    __u32 *ip_value;
-
-    // read dns ip
-    ip_value = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&nb_map_dns_ip, &map_key_dns_ip);
-    if(!ip_value) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    dns_ip = htonl(*ip_value);
-
-    // read dns port
-    port_value = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&nb_map_dns_port, &map_key_dns_port);
-    if (!port_value) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    dns_port = htons(*port_value);
-    return true;
-}
-
-int xdp_dns_fwd(struct iphdr  *ip, struct udphdr *udp) {
-    if (dns_port == 0) {
-        if(!read_settings()){
-            return XDP_PASS;
-        }
-        // bpf_printk("dns port: %d", ntohs(dns_port));
-        // bpf_printk("dns ip: %d", ntohl(dns_ip));
-    }
-
-    if (udp->dest == GENERAL_DNS_PORT && ip->daddr == dns_ip) {
-        udp->dest = dns_port;
-        // Clear the now-stale checksum; zero means "not computed" for IPv4.
-        udp->check = 0;
-        return XDP_PASS;
-    }
-
-    if (udp->source == dns_port && ip->saddr == dns_ip) {
-        udp->source = GENERAL_DNS_PORT;
-        udp->check = 0;
-        return XDP_PASS;
-    }
-
-    return XDP_PASS;
-}

client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/prog.c

@@ -5,11 +5,9 @@
 #include <netinet/in.h>
 #include <linux/bpf.h>
 #include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
-#include "dns_fwd.c"
 #include "wg_proxy.c"
 
 const __u16 flag_feature_wg_proxy = 0b01;
-const __u16 flag_feature_dns_fwd = 0b10;
 
 const __u32 map_key_features = 0;
 struct bpf_map_def SEC("maps") nb_features = {
@@ -48,10 +46,6 @@ int nb_xdp_prog(struct xdp_md *ctx) {
        return XDP_PASS;
     }
 
-    if (*features & flag_feature_dns_fwd) {
-        xdp_dns_fwd(ip, udp);
-    }
-
     if (*features & flag_feature_wg_proxy) {
         xdp_wg_proxy(ip, udp);
     }

client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/readme.md

@@ -1,8 +1,18 @@
-# DNS forwarder
+# XDP programs
 
-The agent attach the XDP program to the lo device. We can not use fake address in eBPF because the
+`prog.c` is attached to the `lo` device and dispatches to the features enabled in the
-traffic does not appear in the eBPF program. The program capture the traffic on wg_ip:53 and 
+`nb_features` map. The only feature is the WireGuard proxy (`wg_proxy.c`): it rewrites
-overwrite in it the destination port to 5053.
+loopback UDP sent from the WireGuard listen port so it reaches the userspace relay proxy
+port instead, and swaps the peer endpoint port into the source so the proxy can tell
+peers apart.
+
+Maps use the legacy `struct bpf_map_def` form, defined in `bpf_map_def.h` because libbpf
+1.0 removed it. They load on kernels built without BTF, which BTF-style (`SEC(".maps")`)
+definitions do not.
+
+Regenerate the objects with `go generate ./client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/`; it needs
+`clang-14`. Loading a regenerated object needs root, attaching it needs `bpf_link`
+(kernel >= 5.7), and only one XDP program can own `lo` at a time.
 
 # Debug
 

client/internal/ebpf/manager/manager.go

@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 package manager
 
-import "net/netip"
+// Manager is used to load multiple eBPF programs. E.g., the WireGuard proxy
-
-// Manager is used to load multiple eBPF programs. E.g., current DNS programs and WireGuard proxy
 type Manager interface {
-	LoadDNSFwd(ip netip.Addr, dnsPort int) error
-	FreeDNSFwd() error
 	LoadWgProxy(proxyPort, wgPort int) error
 	FreeWGProxy() error
 }

client/internal/engine.go

@@ -94,6 +94,13 @@ const (
 	// exec, os.Stat); without this bound a single stuck call freezes handleSync, and
 	// thus syncMsgMux, for as long as the call hangs (observed multi-minute freezes).
 	systemInfoTimeout = 15 * time.Second
+
+	// dnsForwarderStopTimeout bounds how long stopping the DNS forwarder waits
+	// for the queries still in flight. One waiting on an unresponsive upstream
+	// would otherwise hold the stop for the whole upstream timeout, and the
+	// stop runs with syncMsgMux held. The sockets are closed either way, so
+	// giving up costs a query that was already failing.
+	dnsForwarderStopTimeout = 2 * time.Second
 )
 
 var ErrResetConnection = fmt.Errorf("reset connection")
@@ -258,6 +265,8 @@ type Engine struct {
 	// checks are the client-applied posture checks that need to be evaluated on the client
 	checks []*mgmProto.Checks
 
+	infoSource system.InfoSource
+
 	relayManager       *relayClient.Manager
 	stateManager       *statemanager.Manager
 	portForwardManager *portforward.Manager
@@ -321,6 +330,10 @@ type localIpUpdater interface {
 	UpdateLocalIPs() error
 }
 
+// overlayRebind rebuilds one subsystem's sockets on the current interface. The
+// error it returns names its own subsystem, since the caller can only log it.
+type overlayRebind func() error
+
 // NewEngine creates a new Connection Engine with probes attached
 func NewEngine(
 	clientCtx context.Context,
@@ -1230,9 +1243,7 @@ func (e *Engine) updateChecksIfNew(checks []*mgmProto.Checks) error {
 	if isChecksEqual(e.checks, checks) {
 		return nil
 	}
-	e.checks = checks
+	info, ok := e.infoSource.Refresh(e.ctx, systemInfoTimeout, checks, e.overlayAddresses()...)
-
-	info, ok := system.GetInfoWithChecksTimeout(e.ctx, systemInfoTimeout, checks, e.overlayAddresses()...)
 	if !ok {
 		// Gathering timed out; skip the meta sync this cycle rather than blocking the
 		// sync loop (and syncMsgMux) on a stuck system call. A later sync will retry.
@@ -1243,6 +1254,7 @@ func (e *Engine) updateChecksIfNew(checks []*mgmProto.Checks) error {
 	if err := e.mgmClient.SyncMeta(info); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("could not sync meta: error %s", err)
 	}
+	e.checks = checks
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -1269,6 +1281,28 @@ func (e *Engine) applyInfoFlags(info *system.Info) {
 	)
 }
 
+func (e *Engine) currentSystemInfo(ctx context.Context) *system.Info {
+	info := e.infoSource.Current(ctx, e.overlayAddresses()...)
+	e.applyInfoFlags(info)
+	return info
+}
+
+// syncInfoFunc returns the info callback for the management sync stream. The
+// first connect sends the info refreshed right before it instead of gathering
+// again; every reconnect gathers a fresh one. The stream retry loop calls the
+// callback sequentially, so the handoff needs no synchronization.
+func (e *Engine) syncInfoFunc(refreshed *system.Info) func(ctx context.Context) *system.Info {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) *system.Info {
+		if refreshed == nil {
+			return e.currentSystemInfo(ctx)
+		}
+		info := refreshed
+		refreshed = nil
+		e.applyInfoFlags(info)
+		return info
+	}
+}
+
 // overlayAddresses returns our own WireGuard overlay address (v4 and v6) so it
 // can be excluded from the reported network addresses; the interface coming and
 // going otherwise churns the peer meta on the management server.
@@ -1462,15 +1496,11 @@ func (e *Engine) receiveManagementEvents() {
 	e.shutdownWg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
 		defer e.shutdownWg.Done()
-		info, ok := system.GetInfoWithChecksTimeout(e.ctx, systemInfoTimeout, e.checks, e.overlayAddresses()...)
+		info, ok := e.infoSource.Refresh(e.ctx, systemInfoTimeout, e.checks, e.overlayAddresses()...)
 		if !ok {
-			// Gathering timed out; connect the stream with base info so management
+			log.Warnf("posture checks not refreshed before the sync connect, sending the previous results")
-			// connectivity still comes up rather than blocking here.
-			info = system.GetInfo(e.ctx)
 		}
-		e.applyInfoFlags(info)
+		err := e.mgmClient.Sync(e.ctx, e.syncInfoFunc(info), e.handleSync)
-
-		err := e.mgmClient.Sync(e.ctx, info, e.handleSync)
 		if err != nil {
 			// happens if management is unavailable for a long time.
 			// We want to cancel the operation of the whole client
@@ -2502,7 +2532,72 @@ func (e *Engine) RenewTun(fd int) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("wireguard interface not initialized")
 	}
 
-	return wgInterface.RenewTun(fd)
+	if err := wgInterface.RenewTun(fd); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	e.rebindOverlayListeners()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// rebindOverlayListeners gives the servers that listen on an overlay address
+// sockets on the interface as it is now.
+//
+// A socket belongs to the interface generation it was created on. Renewing the
+// TUN builds a new interface and moves the overlay addresses to it, which
+// leaves the old sockets in LISTEN with the uspfilter still logging packets
+// arriving for them, while every accept fails with EINVAL for the life of the
+// socket: from the outside the server looks alive and answers nothing. On
+// Android this happens during a normal startup, where the first TUN is
+// established before the routes are known and replaced once they arrive.
+//
+// Rebinding costs whatever those sockets were carrying, which the renewal has
+// already broken. Errors are logged rather than returned: the renewal itself
+// succeeded, and failing it would hand the caller a working interface and an
+// error.
+func (e *Engine) rebindOverlayListeners() {
+	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
+	defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
+
+	for _, rebind := range e.overlayRebinds() {
+		if err := rebind(); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("after TUN renewal: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// overlayRebinds is every subsystem of this engine that holds sockets bound to
+// an overlay address, and how to rebuild each one's.
+//
+// A subsystem that starts listening on an overlay address belongs in this list.
+// Leaving it out costs nothing that review would notice and produces a listener
+// that stays in LISTEN, is logged as receiving packets, and refuses every
+// connection for the life of the process.
+func (e *Engine) overlayRebinds() []overlayRebind {
+	return []overlayRebind{
+		e.restartSSHListeners,
+		e.restartDNSForwarder,
+	}
+}
+
+// restartDNSForwarder rebuilds the DNS forwarder serving the same domains.
+// No-op when it is not running. See Engine.rebindOverlayListeners.
+func (e *Engine) restartDNSForwarder() error {
+	if e.dnsForwardMgr == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Read from the forwarder before it goes away, so the replacement serves
+	// the domains in force now rather than a copy kept somewhere else.
+	entries := e.dnsForwardMgr.Domains()
+	e.stopDNSForwarder()
+	// Both halves log their own failures, so the only thing left to report is
+	// the outcome: a start that failed left the manager nil, and the forwarder
+	// is now down rather than merely rebound.
+	e.startDNSForwarder(entries)
+	if e.dnsForwardMgr == nil {
+		return errors.New("rebind DNS forwarder: it did not come back up")
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // updateDNSForwarder start or stop the DNS forwarder based on the domains and the feature flag
@@ -2548,7 +2643,14 @@ func (e *Engine) stopDNSForwarder() {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := e.dnsForwardMgr.Stop(context.Background()); err != nil {
+	// Bounded because the shutdown waits for queries still in flight, and one
+	// waiting on an unresponsive upstream holds it for as long as that lookup
+	// is allowed to take. This runs with syncMsgMux held, so that wait is one
+	// the whole engine spends.
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), dnsForwarderStopTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if err := e.dnsForwardMgr.Stop(ctx); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to stop DNS forward: %v", err)
 	}
 

client/internal/engine_privileged_test.go

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ func TestEngine_Sync(t *testing.T) {
 	// feed updates to Engine via mocked Management client
 	updates := make(chan *mgmtProto.SyncResponse)
 	defer close(updates)
-	syncFunc := func(ctx context.Context, info *system.Info, msgHandler func(msg *mgmtProto.SyncResponse) error) error {
+	syncFunc := func(ctx context.Context, _ func(context.Context) *system.Info, msgHandler func(msg *mgmtProto.SyncResponse) error) error {
 		for msg := range updates {
 			err := msgHandler(msg)
 			if err != nil {

client/internal/engine_ssh.go

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ type sshServer interface {
 	Stop() error
 	GetStatus() (bool, []sshserver.SessionInfo)
 	UpdateSSHAuth(config *sshauth.Config)
+	JWTConfig() *sshserver.JWTConfig
+	AuthConfig() *sshauth.Config
 }
 
 func (e *Engine) setupSSHPortRedirection() error {
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ func (e *Engine) updateSSH(sshConf *mgmProto.SSHConfig) error {
 
 	if e.config.DisableSSHAuth != nil && *e.config.DisableSSHAuth {
 		log.Info("starting SSH server without JWT authentication (authentication disabled by config)")
-		return e.startSSHServer(nil)
+		return e.startSSHServer(nil, nil)
 	}
 
 	if protoJWT := sshConf.GetJwtConfig(); protoJWT != nil {
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@ func (e *Engine) updateSSH(sshConf *mgmProto.SSHConfig) error {
 			MaxTokenAge:  protoJWT.GetMaxTokenAge(),
 		}
 
-		return e.startSSHServer(jwtConfig)
+		return e.startSSHServer(jwtConfig, nil)
 	}
 
 	return errors.New("SSH server requires valid JWT configuration")
@@ -231,8 +233,33 @@ func (e *Engine) cleanupSSHConfig() {
 	}
 }
 
-// startSSHServer initializes and starts the SSH server with proper configuration.
+// restartSSHListeners rebuilds the SSH server so it listens on new sockets, on
-func (e *Engine) startSSHServer(jwtConfig *sshserver.JWTConfig) error {
+// the same terms it was started with. No-op when it is not running. See
+// Engine.rebindOverlayListeners for why this is needed.
+func (e *Engine) restartSSHListeners() error {
+	if e.sshServer == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Read from the server before it goes away. A rebuilt one starts with an
+	// empty authorizer, which fails closed, so without carrying the
+	// authorization over every JWT login is refused until the next network map
+	// happens to bring one.
+	jwtConfig, authConfig := e.sshServer.JWTConfig(), e.sshServer.AuthConfig()
+	if err := e.stopSSHServer(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("rebind SSH listeners: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := e.startSSHServer(jwtConfig, authConfig); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("rebind SSH listeners: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// startSSHServer initializes and starts the SSH server with proper
+// configuration. authConfig is the fine-grained authorization to open with, and
+// is applied before the server accepts anything: a server that starts listening
+// with an empty authorizer refuses the logins that arrive in the meantime.
+// Nil leaves it as management has not sent one yet.
+func (e *Engine) startSSHServer(jwtConfig *sshserver.JWTConfig, authConfig *sshauth.Config) error {
 	if e.wgInterface == nil {
 		return errors.New("wg interface not initialized")
 	}
@@ -240,6 +267,7 @@ func (e *Engine) startSSHServer(jwtConfig *sshserver.JWTConfig) error {
 	serverConfig := &sshserver.Config{
 		HostKeyPEM: e.config.SSHKey,
 		JWT:        jwtConfig,
+		Auth:       authConfig,
 	}
 	server := sshserver.New(serverConfig)
 

client/internal/engine_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package internal
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ import (
 	icemaker "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/ice"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/monotime"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
@@ -253,6 +255,118 @@ func TestEngine_SSHServerConsistency(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestEngine_FirstSyncInfoCarriesLoginChecks(t *testing.T) {
+	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	exe, err := os.Executable()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(CtxInitState(context.Background()))
+	defer cancel()
+
+	infos := make(chan *system.Info, 1)
+	mgmClient := &mgmt.MockClient{
+		SyncFunc: func(ctx context.Context, getInfo func(context.Context) *system.Info, _ func(*mgmtProto.SyncResponse) error) error {
+			infos <- getInfo(ctx)
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	relayMgr := relayClient.NewManager(ctx, nil, key.PublicKey().String(), iface.DefaultMTU)
+	engine := NewEngine(ctx, cancel, &EngineConfig{
+		WgIfaceName:  "utun104",
+		WgAddr:       wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.64.0.1/24"),
+		WgPrivateKey: key,
+		WgPort:       33100,
+		MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
+	}, EngineServices{
+		SignalClient:   &signal.MockClient{},
+		MgmClient:      mgmClient,
+		RelayManager:   relayMgr,
+		StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"),
+		Checks:         []*mgmtProto.Checks{{Files: []string{exe}}},
+	}, MobileDependency{})
+
+	engine.receiveManagementEvents()
+
+	select {
+	case info := <-infos:
+		require.Len(t, info.Files, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, exe, info.Files[0].Path)
+		assert.True(t, info.Files[0].Exist)
+	case <-time.After(20 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for the first sync info")
+	}
+	engine.shutdownWg.Wait()
+}
+
+func TestEngine_SyncInfoFuncReusesRefreshedInfoOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	engine := &Engine{config: &EngineConfig{}}
+
+	refreshed := &system.Info{Hostname: "from-refresh"}
+	getInfo := engine.syncInfoFunc(refreshed)
+
+	first := getInfo(context.Background())
+	assert.Same(t, refreshed, first, "the first connect should send the refreshed info instead of gathering again")
+
+	second := getInfo(context.Background())
+	assert.NotSame(t, refreshed, second, "the reconnect should gather a fresh info")
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "from-refresh", second.Hostname, "the fresh info should not carry the refreshed hostname")
+}
+
+func TestEngine_SyncInfoFuncGathersWhenRefreshFailed(t *testing.T) {
+	engine := &Engine{config: &EngineConfig{}}
+
+	info := engine.syncInfoFunc(nil)(context.Background())
+	require.NotNil(t, info, "a failed refresh should fall back to gathering the info")
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, info.Hostname, "the gathered info should carry the hostname")
+}
+
+func TestEngine_UpdateChecksIfNewRetriesAfterFailedSyncMeta(t *testing.T) {
+	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	exe, err := os.Executable()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(CtxInitState(context.Background()))
+	defer cancel()
+
+	syncMetaCalls := 0
+	mgmClient := &mgmt.MockClient{
+		SyncMetaFunc: func(*system.Info) error {
+			syncMetaCalls++
+			if syncMetaCalls == 1 {
+				return errors.New("management unavailable")
+			}
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	relayMgr := relayClient.NewManager(ctx, nil, key.PublicKey().String(), iface.DefaultMTU)
+	engine := NewEngine(ctx, cancel, &EngineConfig{
+		WgIfaceName:  "utun105",
+		WgAddr:       wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.64.0.1/24"),
+		WgPrivateKey: key,
+		WgPort:       33100,
+		MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
+	}, EngineServices{
+		SignalClient:   &signal.MockClient{},
+		MgmClient:      mgmClient,
+		RelayManager:   relayMgr,
+		StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"),
+	}, MobileDependency{})
+
+	checks := []*mgmtProto.Checks{{Files: []string{exe}}}
+
+	require.Error(t, engine.updateChecksIfNew(checks))
+	require.NoError(t, engine.updateChecksIfNew(checks))
+	require.NoError(t, engine.updateChecksIfNew(checks))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, syncMetaCalls)
+}
+
 func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 	// test setup
 	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()

client/internal/profilemanager/config.go

@@ -58,10 +58,6 @@ var DefaultInterfaceBlacklist = []string{
 	"Tailscale", "tailscale", "docker", "veth", "br-", "lo",
 }
 
-// loadMDMPolicy is the package-level indirection used by apply() to read the
-// active MDM policy. Tests override this to inject a fake policy.
-var loadMDMPolicy = mdm.LoadPolicy
-
 // ConfigInput carries configuration changes to the client
 type ConfigInput struct {
 	ManagementURL                 string
@@ -202,14 +198,26 @@ type Config struct {
 
 	MTU uint16
 
-	// policy is the MDM policy that produced the currently-set values for
+	// policy is the MDM policy that produced the currently-set values
-	// any MDM-enforced fields. Set by applyMDMPolicy at the tail of apply()
+	// for any MDM-enforced fields. Set by ApplyMDMPolicy on every
-	// and reset on every apply() invocation. Never persisted to disk.
+	// invocation. Never persisted to disk. Callers query enforcement
-	// Callers query enforcement state via Policy() and the mdm.Policy API
+	// state via Policy() and the mdm.Policy API (HasKey, ManagedKeys,
-	// (HasKey, ManagedKeys, IsEmpty).
+	// IsEmpty).
 	policy *mdm.Policy `json:"-"`
 }
 
+// ApplyMDMPolicy overlays the supplied MDM Policy on top of the current
+// Config values and records it as Policy(). The overlay is not reversible:
+// an empty Policy only clears the enforcement metadata, so resolve the base
+// Config again (from disk or JSON) before applying a changed policy, the way
+// the lifecycle owners do on every load.
+func (config *Config) ApplyMDMPolicy(policy *mdm.Policy) {
+	if config == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	config.applyMDMPolicy(policy)
+}
+
 // Policy returns the MDM policy applied to this Config. Returns a non-nil
 // empty Policy when MDM enforcement is inactive; callers can always invoke
 // HasKey / ManagedKeys / IsEmpty without a nil check.
@@ -712,9 +720,11 @@ func (config *Config) apply(input ConfigInput) (updated bool, err error) {
 		updated = true
 	}
 
-	// MDM is the last override layer: any key present in the policy
+	// Initialise the MDM overlay to "no enforcement" so Config.Policy()
-	// supersedes defaults, on-disk config, env vars and CLI input.
+	// never returns a stale or nil policy on a freshly applied Config.
-	config.applyMDMPolicy(loadMDMPolicy())
+	// Lifecycle owners that want to enforce a real MDM policy invoke
+	// Config.ApplyMDMPolicy(loader.Load()) after this returns.
+	config.applyMDMPolicy(mdm.NewPolicy(nil))
 
 	return updated, nil
 }

client/internal/profilemanager/config_mdm.go

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package profilemanager
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+)
+
+// ErrMDMManagedFields marks a config change rejected because it diverges from
+// MDM-enforced values.
+var ErrMDMManagedFields = errors.New("fields managed by MDM cannot be modified")
+
+// MDMConflicts returns the names of MDM-managed keys whose requested value in
+// the ConfigInput differs from the policy-enforced value; a field set to the
+// enforced value is a no-op echo, not a conflict.
+func MDMConflicts(input ConfigInput, policy *mdm.Policy) []string {
+	pskGot := input.PreSharedKey
+	if isPreSharedKeyHidden(pskGot) {
+		pskGot = nil
+	}
+	var port *int64
+	if input.WireguardPort != nil {
+		v := int64(*input.WireguardPort)
+		port = &v
+	}
+	return mdm.ResolveConflicts(policy, []mdm.ConflictCheck{
+		mdm.ConflictURL(mdm.KeyManagementURL, input.ManagementURL),
+		mdm.ConflictStringPtr(mdm.KeyPreSharedKey, pskGot),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled, input.RosenpassEnabled),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassPermissive, input.RosenpassPermissive),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableAutoConnect, input.DisableAutoConnect),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyAllowServerSSH, input.ServerSSHAllowed),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyRemoteJobsAllowed, input.RemoteJobsAllowed),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes, input.DisableClientRoutes),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableServerRoutes, input.DisableServerRoutes),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyBlockInbound, input.BlockInbound),
+		mdm.ConflictInt64(mdm.KeyWireguardPort, port),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics, input.LocalMetricsEnabled),
+		mdm.ConflictStringPtr(mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress, input.LocalMetricsAddress),
+	})
+}
+
+// CheckMDMConflicts returns an ErrMDMManagedFields-wrapped error naming the
+// conflicting keys, or nil when the input does not fight the policy.
+func CheckMDMConflicts(input ConfigInput, policy *mdm.Policy) error {
+	conflicts := MDMConflicts(input, policy)
+	if len(conflicts) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrMDMManagedFields, conflicts)
+}

client/internal/profilemanager/config_mdm_test.go

@@ -10,24 +10,58 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
 )
 
-// withMDMPolicy temporarily overrides the package-level loadMDMPolicy hook so
+// fakeFetcher implements mdm.PolicyFetcher returning a pre-set policy
-// apply() observes the supplied Policy. The original loader is restored at
+// map. Test helper used to construct a Loader without touching the OS
-// test cleanup.
+// or any package-level state.
-func withMDMPolicy(t *testing.T, policy *mdm.Policy) {
+type fakeFetcher struct{ values map[string]any }
+
+func (f *fakeFetcher) Fetch() map[string]any { return f.values }
+
+// loaderFor builds an mdm.Loader whose loadPlatform returns the
+// supplied Policy's underlying values.
+func loaderFor(policy *mdm.Policy) *mdm.Loader {
+	if policy == nil || policy.IsEmpty() {
+		return mdm.NewLoader(&fakeFetcher{values: nil})
+	}
+	values := make(map[string]any)
+	for _, k := range policy.ManagedKeys() {
+		if v, ok := policy.GetString(k); ok {
+			values[k] = v
+			continue
+		}
+		if v, ok := policy.GetInt(k); ok {
+			values[k] = v
+			continue
+		}
+		if v, ok := policy.GetBool(k); ok {
+			values[k] = v
+			continue
+		}
+		if v, ok := policy.GetStringSlice(k); ok {
+			values[k] = v
+		}
+	}
+	return mdm.NewLoader(&fakeFetcher{values: values})
+}
+
+// configWithMDM is the test convenience that builds a Config via
+// UpdateOrCreateConfig and overlays the supplied MDM policy on top —
+// mirrors the production pattern (Server.getConfig / Client.applyMDMOverlay)
+// where the Loader lives outside Config and the apply step is driven
+// by the lifecycle owner.
+func configWithMDM(t *testing.T, input ConfigInput, policy *mdm.Policy) *Config {
 	t.Helper()
-	prev := loadMDMPolicy
+	cfg, err := UpdateOrCreateConfig(input)
-	loadMDMPolicy = func() *mdm.Policy { return policy }
+	require.NoError(t, err)
-	t.Cleanup(func() { loadMDMPolicy = prev })
+	require.NotNil(t, cfg)
+	cfg.ApplyMDMPolicy(loaderFor(policy).Load())
+	return cfg
 }
 
 func TestApply_MDMEmpty_NoEnforcement(t *testing.T) {
-	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(nil))
+	cfg := configWithMDM(t, ConfigInput{
-
-	cfg, err := UpdateOrCreateConfig(ConfigInput{
 		ConfigPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"),
-	})
+	}, mdm.NewPolicy(nil))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, cfg)
 
 	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().IsEmpty(), "no MDM source ⇒ empty Policy")
 	assert.False(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyManagementURL))
@@ -39,18 +73,15 @@ func TestApply_MDMEmpty_NoEnforcement(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestApply_MDMOnly_OverridesDefaults(t *testing.T) {
 	const mdmURL = "https://corp.mdm.example.com:443"
-	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+
+	cfg := configWithMDM(t, ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"),
+	}, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
 		mdm.KeyManagementURL:       mdmURL,
 		mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes: true,
 		mdm.KeyBlockInbound:        true,
 	}))
 
-	cfg, err := UpdateOrCreateConfig(ConfigInput{
-		ConfigPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"),
-	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, cfg)
-
 	assert.Equal(t, mdmURL, cfg.ManagementURL.String())
 	assert.True(t, cfg.DisableClientRoutes)
 	assert.True(t, cfg.BlockInbound)
@@ -65,16 +96,12 @@ func TestApply_MDMBeatsCLIInput(t *testing.T) {
 	const mdmURL = "https://mdm.example.com:443"
 	const cliURL = "https://cli.example.com:443"
 
-	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+	cfg := configWithMDM(t, ConfigInput{
-		mdm.KeyManagementURL: mdmURL,
-	}))
-
-	cfg, err := UpdateOrCreateConfig(ConfigInput{
 		ConfigPath:    filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"),
 		ManagementURL: cliURL,
-	})
+	}, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+		mdm.KeyManagementURL: mdmURL,
-	require.NotNil(t, cfg)
+	}))
 
 	// MDM wins over CLI-supplied management URL.
 	assert.Equal(t, mdmURL, cfg.ManagementURL.String())
@@ -82,16 +109,12 @@ func TestApply_MDMBeatsCLIInput(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestApply_MDMInvalidURL_KeepsPreviousValue(t *testing.T) {
-	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+	cfg := configWithMDM(t, ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"),
+	}, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
 		mdm.KeyManagementURL: "not-a-url",
 	}))
 
-	cfg, err := UpdateOrCreateConfig(ConfigInput{
-		ConfigPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"),
-	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, cfg)
-
 	// Invalid MDM URL is logged and skipped: default URL stays in place
 	// to keep the client functional.
 	assert.Equal(t, DefaultManagementURL, cfg.ManagementURL.String())
@@ -106,24 +129,20 @@ func TestApply_MDMBoolKeysOverrideOnDiskValue(t *testing.T) {
 	tmp := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 
 	// Seed without MDM.
-	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(nil))
+	configWithMDM(t, ConfigInput{
-	_, err := UpdateOrCreateConfig(ConfigInput{
 		ConfigPath:          tmp,
 		DisableClientRoutes: boolPtr(false),
 		RosenpassEnabled:    boolPtr(false),
-	})
+	}, mdm.NewPolicy(nil))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Now enable MDM enforcement for these keys.
-	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+	cfg := configWithMDM(t, ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath: tmp,
+	}, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
 		mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes: true,
 		mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled:    true,
 	}))
 
-	cfg, err := UpdateOrCreateConfig(ConfigInput{ConfigPath: tmp})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, cfg)
-
 	assert.True(t, cfg.DisableClientRoutes, "MDM override should flip on-disk false to true")
 	assert.True(t, cfg.RosenpassEnabled)
 	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes))
@@ -134,22 +153,19 @@ func TestApply_MDMLocalMetrics(t *testing.T) {
 	tmp := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 
 	// Seed without MDM.
-	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(nil))
+	configWithMDM(t, ConfigInput{
-	_, err := UpdateOrCreateConfig(ConfigInput{
 		ConfigPath:          tmp,
 		LocalMetricsEnabled: boolPtr(false),
-	})
+	}, mdm.NewPolicy(nil))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+	// Now enable MDM enforcement for these keys.
+	cfg := configWithMDM(t, ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath: tmp,
+	}, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
 		mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics:  true,
 		mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress: "127.0.0.1:9292",
 	}))
 
-	cfg, err := UpdateOrCreateConfig(ConfigInput{ConfigPath: tmp})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, cfg)
-
 	assert.True(t, cfg.LocalMetricsEnabled, "MDM override should flip on-disk false to true")
 	assert.Equal(t, "127.0.0.1:9292", cfg.LocalMetricsAddress)
 	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics))
@@ -171,16 +187,12 @@ func TestApply_MDMLazyConnection(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	for _, c := range cases {
 		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+			cfg := configWithMDM(t, ConfigInput{
+				ConfigPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"),
+			}, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
 				mdm.KeyLazyConnection: c.raw,
 			}))
 
-			cfg, err := UpdateOrCreateConfig(ConfigInput{
-				ConfigPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"),
-			})
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			require.NotNil(t, cfg)
-
 			assert.Equal(t, c.want, cfg.LazyConnection)
 			assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyLazyConnection))
 		})
@@ -188,22 +200,83 @@ func TestApply_MDMLazyConnection(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestApply_MDMPreSharedKeyRedactionSentinelRejected(t *testing.T) {
-	const maskSentinel = "**********"
+	const maskSentinel = mdm.PreSharedKeyRedactedSentinel
 
-	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+	cfg := configWithMDM(t, ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"),
+	}, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
 		mdm.KeyPreSharedKey: maskSentinel,
 	}))
 
-	cfg, err := UpdateOrCreateConfig(ConfigInput{
-		ConfigPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"),
-	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, cfg)
-
 	// Mask sentinel must not be persisted as the actual PSK.
 	assert.NotEqual(t, maskSentinel, cfg.PreSharedKey)
 	// Key still marked managed so user writes are still rejected.
 	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyPreSharedKey))
 }
 
+func TestMDMConflicts_PreSharedKey(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyPreSharedKey: "mdm-enforced-psk",
+	})
+	empty := ""
+	sentinel := mdm.PreSharedKeyRedactedSentinel
+	same := "mdm-enforced-psk"
+	other := "user-psk"
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		psk  *string
+		want []string
+	}{
+		{name: "unset", psk: nil, want: nil},
+		{name: "explicit empty", psk: &empty, want: []string{mdm.KeyPreSharedKey}},
+		{name: "sentinel echo", psk: &sentinel, want: nil},
+		{name: "same value", psk: &same, want: nil},
+		{name: "divergent", psk: &other, want: []string{mdm.KeyPreSharedKey}},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, MDMConflicts(ConfigInput{PreSharedKey: tc.psk}, policy))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMDMConflicts_RemoteJobsAndLocalMetrics(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyRemoteJobsAllowed:   false,
+		mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics:  true,
+		mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress: "127.0.0.1:9999",
+	})
+	sameAddr := "127.0.0.1:9999"
+	otherAddr := "0.0.0.0:9999"
+	emptyAddr := ""
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input ConfigInput
+		want  []string
+	}{
+		{name: "unset", input: ConfigInput{}, want: nil},
+		{name: "echo", input: ConfigInput{
+			RemoteJobsAllowed:   boolPtr(false),
+			LocalMetricsEnabled: boolPtr(true),
+			LocalMetricsAddress: &sameAddr,
+		}, want: nil},
+		{name: "remote jobs divergent", input: ConfigInput{RemoteJobsAllowed: boolPtr(true)}, want: []string{mdm.KeyRemoteJobsAllowed}},
+		{name: "metrics disabled", input: ConfigInput{LocalMetricsEnabled: boolPtr(false)}, want: []string{mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics}},
+		{name: "metrics address divergent", input: ConfigInput{LocalMetricsAddress: &otherAddr}, want: []string{mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress}},
+		{name: "metrics address explicit empty", input: ConfigInput{LocalMetricsAddress: &emptyAddr}, want: []string{mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress}},
+		{name: "all divergent", input: ConfigInput{
+			RemoteJobsAllowed:   boolPtr(true),
+			LocalMetricsEnabled: boolPtr(false),
+			LocalMetricsAddress: &otherAddr,
+		}, want: []string{mdm.KeyRemoteJobsAllowed, mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics, mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress}},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, MDMConflicts(tc.input, policy))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func boolPtr(b bool) *bool { return &b }

client/internal/routemanager/manager.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"net/url"
 	"runtime"
+	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -472,27 +473,13 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) CurrentRouteRange() []string {
 	m.mux.Lock()
 	defer m.mux.Unlock()
 
-	if m.disableClientRoutes {
+	nets := m.overlayNetworks()
-		return nil
+	if !m.disableClientRoutes {
-	}
+		nets = append(nets, m.clientRouteRange()...)
-
-	filtered := m.routeSelector.FilterSelectedExitNodes(m.clientRoutes)
-	var nets []string
-	for _, routes := range filtered {
-		for _, r := range routes {
-			if r.IsDynamic() {
-				continue
-			}
-			nets = append(nets, r.NetString())
-		}
-	}
-
-	if m.fakeIPManager != nil {
-		nets = append(nets, m.fakeIPManager.GetFakeIPBlock().String(), m.fakeIPManager.GetFakeIPv6Block().String())
 	}
 
 	sort.Strings(nets)
-	return nets
+	return slices.Compact(nets)
 }
 
 // GetRouteSelector returns the route selector
@@ -856,6 +843,42 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) logExitNodeUpdate(info exitNodeInfo, preferred route.Ne
 		len(info.allIDs), preferred, len(info.userSelected), len(info.userDeselected), len(info.selectedByManagement))
 }
 
+// overlayNetworks returns the v4 and v6 overlay networks of the WireGuard interface, each only when it is set.
+func (m *DefaultManager) overlayNetworks() []string {
+	if m.wgInterface == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	addr := m.wgInterface.Address()
+	var nets []string
+	if addr.Network.IsValid() {
+		nets = append(nets, addr.Network.String())
+	}
+	if addr.IPv6Net.IsValid() {
+		nets = append(nets, addr.IPv6Net.String())
+	}
+	return nets
+}
+
+// clientRouteRange returns the static client route networks of the selected exit nodes together with the fake IP blocks.
+func (m *DefaultManager) clientRouteRange() []string {
+	filtered := m.routeSelector.FilterSelectedExitNodes(m.clientRoutes)
+	var nets []string
+	for _, routes := range filtered {
+		for _, r := range routes {
+			if r.IsDynamic() {
+				continue
+			}
+			nets = append(nets, r.NetString())
+		}
+	}
+
+	if m.fakeIPManager != nil {
+		nets = append(nets, m.fakeIPManager.GetFakeIPBlock().String(), m.fakeIPManager.GetFakeIPv6Block().String())
+	}
+	return nets
+}
+
 // minNetID returns the lexicographically smallest NetID, for a deterministic
 // default pick that stays stable across restarts.
 func minNetID(ids []route.NetID) route.NetID {

client/internal/routemanager/notifier/notifier_android.go

@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ package notifier
 
 import (
 	"net/netip"
-	"slices"
-	"sort"
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/listener"
@@ -75,19 +73,3 @@ func (n *Notifier) notifyLocked() {
 func (n *Notifier) Close() {
 	// unused
 }
-
-func routesToStrings(routes []*route.Route) []string {
-	nets := make([]string, 0, len(routes))
-	for _, r := range routes {
-		nets = append(nets, r.NetString())
-	}
-	return nets
-}
-
-func hasRouteDiff(a []*route.Route, b []*route.Route) bool {
-	as := routesToStrings(a)
-	bs := routesToStrings(b)
-	sort.Strings(as)
-	sort.Strings(bs)
-	return !slices.Equal(as, bs)
-}

client/internal/routemanager/notifier/route_diff.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package notifier
+
+import (
+	"slices"
+	"sort"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+// routePrefixes returns the distinct prefixes a route set covers, sorted.
+// Duplicates are dropped deliberately: an HA group hands us one route per
+// peer serving the same prefix, and the platform is given the prefix, not the
+// candidates. Counting them would report a change every time a peer joins or
+// leaves a group, and on Android each report renews the TUN.
+func routePrefixes(routes []*route.Route) []string {
+	nets := make([]string, 0, len(routes))
+	for _, r := range routes {
+		nets = append(nets, r.NetString())
+	}
+	sort.Strings(nets)
+	return slices.Compact(nets)
+}
+
+// hasRouteDiff reports whether the prefixes the two route sets cover differ.
+func hasRouteDiff(a []*route.Route, b []*route.Route) bool {
+	return !slices.Equal(routePrefixes(a), routePrefixes(b))
+}

client/internal/routemanager/notifier/route_diff_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package notifier
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+func routeFor(id route.ID, prefix string) *route.Route {
+	return &route.Route{
+		ID:      id,
+		NetID:   "net",
+		Network: netip.MustParsePrefix(prefix),
+	}
+}
+
+// TestHasRouteDiff_IgnoresHACandidateCount is the reason the comparison
+// deduplicates. Every notification renews the TUN, and a renewed TUN
+// invalidates the sockets the embedded servers are listening on, so a peer
+// joining or leaving an HA group must not count as a route change when the
+// prefixes the TUN carries are identical.
+func TestHasRouteDiff_IgnoresHACandidateCount(t *testing.T) {
+	onePeer := []*route.Route{routeFor("a", "10.0.0.0/24")}
+	twoPeers := []*route.Route{
+		routeFor("a", "10.0.0.0/24"),
+		routeFor("b", "10.0.0.0/24"),
+	}
+
+	assert.False(t, hasRouteDiff(onePeer, twoPeers),
+		"a second peer serving the same prefix is not a route change")
+	assert.False(t, hasRouteDiff(twoPeers, onePeer),
+		"losing one of two peers serving the same prefix is not a route change")
+}
+
+func TestHasRouteDiff_ReportsRealChanges(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		a    []*route.Route
+		b    []*route.Route
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "added prefix",
+			a:    []*route.Route{routeFor("a", "10.0.0.0/24")},
+			b:    []*route.Route{routeFor("a", "10.0.0.0/24"), routeFor("b", "10.0.1.0/24")},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "removed prefix",
+			a:    []*route.Route{routeFor("a", "10.0.0.0/24"), routeFor("b", "10.0.1.0/24")},
+			b:    []*route.Route{routeFor("a", "10.0.0.0/24")},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "replaced prefix",
+			a:    []*route.Route{routeFor("a", "10.0.0.0/24")},
+			b:    []*route.Route{routeFor("a", "10.0.1.0/24")},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "same prefix, different order",
+			a:    []*route.Route{routeFor("a", "10.0.1.0/24"), routeFor("b", "10.0.0.0/24")},
+			b:    []*route.Route{routeFor("b", "10.0.0.0/24"), routeFor("a", "10.0.1.0/24")},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "all routes gone",
+			a:    []*route.Route{routeFor("a", "10.0.0.0/24")},
+			b:    nil,
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "both empty",
+			a:    nil,
+			b:    nil,
+			want: false,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, hasRouteDiff(tc.a, tc.b),
+				"route diff for %s", tc.name)
+		})
+	}
+}

client/internal/routemanager/reconcile_test.go

@@ -17,11 +17,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter"
 )
 
-// reconcileWGMock is a minimal iface.WGIface that only records AddAllowedIP calls; every other
+// reconcileWGMock is a minimal iface.WGIface that records AddAllowedIP calls and reports the
-// method is an inert stub because ReconcilePeerAllowedIPs exercises none of them.
+// configured address; every other method is an inert stub because the tests exercise none of them.
 type reconcileWGMock struct {
 	mu   sync.Mutex
 	adds map[string][]netip.Prefix
+	addr wgaddr.Address
 }
 
 func (m *reconcileWGMock) AddAllowedIP(peerKey string, allowedIP netip.Prefix) error {
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ func (m *reconcileWGMock) added(peerKey string) []netip.Prefix {
 
 func (m *reconcileWGMock) RemoveAllowedIP(string, netip.Prefix) error { return nil }
 func (m *reconcileWGMock) Name() string                               { return "utun-test" }
-func (m *reconcileWGMock) Address() wgaddr.Address                    { return wgaddr.Address{} }
+func (m *reconcileWGMock) Address() wgaddr.Address                    { return m.addr }
 func (m *reconcileWGMock) ToInterface() *net.Interface                { return nil }
 func (m *reconcileWGMock) IsUserspaceBind() bool                      { return false }
 func (m *reconcileWGMock) GetFilter() device.PacketFilter             { return nil }

client/internal/routemanager/route_range_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package routemanager
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routeselector"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+func TestCurrentRouteRange_OverlayNetworkWithClientRoutesDisabled(t *testing.T) {
+	m := &DefaultManager{
+		wgInterface:         &reconcileWGMock{addr: wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.91.96.107/16")},
+		disableClientRoutes: true,
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"100.91.0.0/16"}, m.CurrentRouteRange(), "overlay network must be routed even when client routes are disabled")
+}
+
+func TestCurrentRouteRange_OverlayNetworksAndClientRoutes(t *testing.T) {
+	addr := wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.91.96.107/16")
+	addr.IPv6 = netip.MustParseAddr("fd00:1234::1")
+	addr.IPv6Net = netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00:1234::/64")
+
+	static := &route.Route{ID: "static", NetID: "lan", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.50.0/24"), NetworkType: route.IPv4Network}
+	dynamic := &route.Route{ID: "dynamic", NetID: "dyn", NetworkType: route.DomainNetwork}
+
+	m := &DefaultManager{
+		wgInterface:   &reconcileWGMock{addr: addr},
+		routeSelector: routeselector.NewRouteSelector(),
+		clientRoutes: route.HAMap{
+			static.GetHAUniqueID():  {static},
+			dynamic.GetHAUniqueID(): {dynamic},
+		},
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"100.91.0.0/16", "192.168.50.0/24", "fd00:1234::/64"}, m.CurrentRouteRange(), "overlay networks and static client routes must be listed, dynamic routes skipped")
+}
+
+func TestCurrentRouteRange_NoInterfaceAddress(t *testing.T) {
+	m := &DefaultManager{
+		wgInterface:         &reconcileWGMock{},
+		disableClientRoutes: true,
+	}
+
+	assert.Empty(t, m.CurrentRouteRange(), "an unset interface address must not produce a route entry")
+}
+
+func TestCurrentRouteRange_IPv6WithoutIPv4Network(t *testing.T) {
+	addr := wgaddr.Address{
+		IPv6:    netip.MustParseAddr("fd00:1234::1"),
+		IPv6Net: netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00:1234::/64"),
+	}
+	m := &DefaultManager{
+		wgInterface:         &reconcileWGMock{addr: addr},
+		disableClientRoutes: true,
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"fd00:1234::/64"}, m.CurrentRouteRange(), "a v6 overlay network must not depend on a v4 network being set")
+}
+
+func TestCurrentRouteRange_IPv6AddressWithoutNetwork(t *testing.T) {
+	addr := wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.91.96.107/16")
+	addr.IPv6 = netip.MustParseAddr("fd00:1234::1")
+
+	m := &DefaultManager{
+		wgInterface:         &reconcileWGMock{addr: addr},
+		disableClientRoutes: true,
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"100.91.0.0/16"}, m.CurrentRouteRange(), "a v6 address without a network must not produce a route entry")
+}
+
+func TestCurrentRouteRange_DeduplicatesPrefixes(t *testing.T) {
+	// Two HA peers serve the same prefix, and a client route announces the overlay network itself.
+	haPeerA := &route.Route{ID: "ha-a", NetID: "lan", Peer: "peer-a", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.50.0/24"), NetworkType: route.IPv4Network}
+	haPeerB := &route.Route{ID: "ha-b", NetID: "lan", Peer: "peer-b", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.50.0/24"), NetworkType: route.IPv4Network}
+	overlay := &route.Route{ID: "overlay", NetID: "overlay", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.91.0.0/16"), NetworkType: route.IPv4Network}
+
+	m := &DefaultManager{
+		wgInterface:   &reconcileWGMock{addr: wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.91.96.107/16")},
+		routeSelector: routeselector.NewRouteSelector(),
+		clientRoutes: route.HAMap{
+			haPeerA.GetHAUniqueID(): {haPeerA, haPeerB},
+			overlay.GetHAUniqueID(): {overlay},
+		},
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"100.91.0.0/16", "192.168.50.0/24"}, m.CurrentRouteRange(), "every prefix must be listed once regardless of how many routes carry it")
+}

client/ios/NetBirdSDK/client.go

@@ -88,9 +88,15 @@ type Client struct {
 	// netMgr outlives engine restarts: it mirrors the OS connectivity, not
 	// the engine lifecycle. Run injects its state and sweeper into each new
 	// ConnectClient.
-	netMgr *netevents.Manager
+	netMgr              *netevents.Manager
-	// preloadedConfig holds config loaded from JSON (used on tvOS where file writes are blocked)
+	preloadedConfigJSON atomic.Pointer[string]
-	preloadedConfig *profilemanager.Config
+
+	// mdmSource holds the per-Client MDM policy source and its change
+	// detector as one unit. Set by SetMDMPolicyFetcher (called from the
+	// Swift side at extension init). Each Run passes the loader to the
+	// resolved Config so applyMDMPolicy picks up the active overlay. Nil
+	// means "MDM enforcement off for this Client".
+	mdmSource atomic.Pointer[mdmSource]
 
 	// stateMu guards the run lifecycle as one unit: the cancel installed by
 	// the current run, the channel it closes on exit, and the state it
@@ -122,44 +128,44 @@ func NewClient(cfgFile, stateFile, cacheDir, logFilePath, deviceName string, osV
 	}
 }
 
-// SetConfigFromJSON loads config from a JSON string into memory.
+// SetConfigFromJSON stores the JSON config that later loads resolve instead of the config file (tvOS).
-// This is used on tvOS where file writes to App Group containers are blocked.
-// When set, IsLoginRequired() and Run() will use this preloaded config instead of reading from file.
 func (c *Client) SetConfigFromJSON(jsonStr string) error {
-	cfg, err := profilemanager.ConfigFromJSON(jsonStr)
+	if _, err := profilemanager.ConfigFromJSON(jsonStr); err != nil {
-	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("SetConfigFromJSON: failed to parse config JSON: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-	c.preloadedConfig = cfg
+	c.preloadedConfigJSON.Store(&jsonStr)
 	log.Infof("SetConfigFromJSON: config loaded successfully from JSON")
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (c *Client) loadConfig(input profilemanager.ConfigInput) (*profilemanager.Config, error) {
+	var cfg *profilemanager.Config
+	var err error
+	if preloaded := c.preloadedConfigJSON.Load(); preloaded != nil {
+		cfg, err = profilemanager.ConfigFromJSON(*preloaded)
+	} else {
+		cfg, err = profilemanager.DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig(input)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	c.applyMDMOverlay(cfg)
+	return cfg, nil
+}
+
 // Run start the internal client. It is a blocker function
 func (c *Client) Run(fd int32, interfaceName string, envList *EnvList) error {
 	exportEnvList(envList)
 	log.Infof("Starting NetBird client")
 	log.Debugf("Tunnel uses interface: %s", interfaceName)
 
-	var cfg *profilemanager.Config
+	cfg, err := c.loadConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
-	var err error
+		ConfigPath:    c.cfgFile,
-
+		StateFilePath: c.stateFile,
-	// Use preloaded config if available (tvOS where file writes are blocked)
+	})
-	if c.preloadedConfig != nil {
+	if err != nil {
-		log.Infof("Run: using preloaded config from memory")
+		return err
-		cfg = c.preloadedConfig
-	} else {
-		log.Infof("Run: loading config from file")
-		// Use DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig to avoid atomic file operations (temp file + rename)
-		// which are blocked by the tvOS sandbox in App Group containers
-		cfg, err = profilemanager.DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
-			ConfigPath:    c.cfgFile,
-			StateFilePath: c.stateFile,
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
 	}
 	c.recorder.UpdateManagementAddress(cfg.ManagementURL.String())
 	c.recorder.UpdateRosenpass(cfg.RosenpassEnabled, cfg.RosenpassPermissive)
@@ -274,19 +280,13 @@ func (c *Client) DebugBundle(anonymize bool, anonymizeLevel string) (string, err
 
 	// If the engine hasn't been started, load config so we can reach management.
 	if cfg == nil {
-		if c.preloadedConfig != nil {
+		var err error
-			cfg = c.preloadedConfig
+		cfg, err = c.loadConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
-		} else {
+			ConfigPath:    c.cfgFile,
-			var err error
+			StateFilePath: c.stateFile,
-			// Use DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig to avoid atomic file operations
+		})
-			// (temp file + rename) blocked by the tvOS sandbox.
+		if err != nil {
-			cfg, err = profilemanager.DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("load config: %w", err)
-				ConfigPath:    c.cfgFile,
-				StateFilePath: c.stateFile,
-			})
-			if err != nil {
-				return "", fmt.Errorf("load config: %w", err)
-			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -421,29 +421,9 @@ func (c *Client) IsLoginRequired() bool {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctxWithValues)
 	defer cancel()
 
-	var cfg *profilemanager.Config
+	cfg, err := c.loadConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{ConfigPath: c.cfgFile})
-	var err error
+	if err != nil {
-
+		log.Errorf("IsLoginRequired: failed to load config: %v", err)
-	// Use preloaded config if available (tvOS where file writes are blocked)
-	if c.preloadedConfig != nil {
-		log.Infof("IsLoginRequired: using preloaded config from memory")
-		cfg = c.preloadedConfig
-	} else {
-		log.Infof("IsLoginRequired: loading config from file")
-		// Use DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig to avoid atomic file operations (temp file + rename)
-		// which are blocked by the tvOS sandbox in App Group containers
-		cfg, err = profilemanager.DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
-			ConfigPath: c.cfgFile,
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("IsLoginRequired: failed to load config: %v", err)
-			// If we can't load config, assume login is required
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-
-	if cfg == nil {
-		log.Errorf("IsLoginRequired: config is nil")
 		return true
 	}
 
@@ -493,6 +473,7 @@ func (c *Client) LoginForMobile() string {
 		log.Errorf("LoginForMobile: failed to load config: %v", err)
 		return fmt.Sprintf("failed to load config: %v", err)
 	}
+	c.applyMDMOverlay(cfg)
 
 	oAuthFlow, err := auth.NewOAuthFlow(ctx, cfg, false, false, "")
 	if err != nil {

client/ios/NetBirdSDK/login.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mobile"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 )
@@ -39,14 +40,22 @@ type Auth struct {
 	ctx     context.Context
 	cancel  context.CancelFunc
 	config  *profilemanager.Config
+	base    *profilemanager.Config
+	policy  *mdm.Policy
 	cfgPath string
 }
 
-// NewAuth instantiate Auth struct and validate the management URL
+// NewAuth instantiate Auth struct and validate the management URL.
-func NewAuth(cfgPath string, mgmURL string) (*Auth, error) {
+// Auth is constructed under the active MDM policy: the policy is overlaid on
-	inputCfg := profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+// the resolved config so the login runs against the enforced values, while
-		ConfigPath:    cfgPath,
+// the persisted config keeps the caller-supplied ones; a caller-supplied
-		ManagementURL: mgmURL,
+// management URL is ignored while MDM manages that key. A nil fetcher
+// disables MDM enforcement.
+func NewAuth(cfgPath string, mgmURL string, fetcher PolicyFetcher) (*Auth, error) {
+	policy := loaderFor(fetcher).Load()
+	inputCfg := profilemanager.ConfigInput{ConfigPath: cfgPath}
+	if _, managed := policy.GetString(mdm.KeyManagementURL); !managed {
+		inputCfg.ManagementURL = mgmURL
 	}
 
 	// Load the existing config when a config file is already present so an
@@ -67,6 +76,10 @@ func NewAuth(cfgPath string, mgmURL string) (*Auth, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	a := &Auth{policy: policy, cfgPath: cfgPath}
+	if err := a.setBaseConfig(cfg); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 
 	// Use a cancellable context so Stop() can abort an in-progress interactive
 	// login. The PKCE flow's WaitToken blocks (and keeps its loopback HTTP server
@@ -76,14 +89,8 @@ func NewAuth(cfgPath string, mgmURL string) (*Auth, error) {
 	// process (decoupled from the network extension), so without this the server
 	// lingers after the user dismisses the browser and the next connect stalls
 	// trying to bind the same port.
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	a.ctx, a.cancel = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-
+	return a, nil
-	return &Auth{
-		ctx:     ctx,
-		cancel:  cancel,
-		config:  cfg,
-		cfgPath: cfgPath,
-	}, nil
 }
 
 // NewAuthWithConfig instantiate Auth based on existing config
@@ -106,9 +113,7 @@ func (a *Auth) Stop() {
 	}
 }
 
-// SaveConfigIfSSOSupported test the connectivity with the management server by retrieving the server device flow info.
+// SaveConfigIfSSOSupported reports whether the management server supports SSO; the config is already persisted by NewAuth.
-// If it returns a flow info than save the configuration and return true. If it gets a codes.NotFound, it means that SSO
-// is not supported and returns false without saving the configuration. For other errors return false.
 func (a *Auth) SaveConfigIfSSOSupported(listener SSOListener) {
 	if listener == nil {
 		log.Errorf("SaveConfigIfSSOSupported: listener is nil")
@@ -136,17 +141,10 @@ func (a *Auth) saveConfigIfSSOSupported() (bool, error) {
 		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to check SSO support: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	if !supportsSSO {
+	return supportsSSO, nil
-		return false, nil
-	}
-
-	// Use DirectWriteOutConfig to avoid atomic file operations (temp file + rename)
-	// which are blocked by the tvOS sandbox in App Group containers
-	err = profilemanager.DirectWriteOutConfig(a.cfgPath, a.config)
-	return true, err
 }
 
-// LoginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig test the connectivity with the management server with the setup key.
+// LoginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig registers the peer with the setup key; the config is already persisted by NewAuth.
 func (a *Auth) LoginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig(resultListener ErrListener, setupKey string, deviceName string) {
 	if resultListener == nil {
 		log.Errorf("LoginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig: resultListener is nil")
@@ -175,10 +173,7 @@ func (a *Auth) loginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig(setupKey string, deviceName string
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("login failed: %v", err)
 	}
-
+	return nil
-	// Use DirectWriteOutConfig to avoid atomic file operations (temp file + rename)
-	// which are blocked by the tvOS sandbox in App Group containers
-	return profilemanager.DirectWriteOutConfig(a.cfgPath, a.config)
 }
 
 // LoginSync performs a synchronous login check without UI interaction
@@ -312,19 +307,6 @@ func (a *Auth) login(urlOpener URLOpener, forceDeviceAuth bool, deviceName strin
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Save the config before notifying success to ensure persistence completes
-	// before the callback potentially triggers teardown on the Swift side.
-	// Note: This differs from Android which doesn't save config after login.
-	// On iOS/tvOS, we save here because:
-	// 1. The config may have been modified during login (e.g., new tokens)
-	// 2. On tvOS, the Network Extension context may be the only place with
-	//    write permissions to the App Group container
-	if a.cfgPath != "" {
-		if err := profilemanager.DirectWriteOutConfig(a.cfgPath, a.config); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("failed to save config after login: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
 	// Notify caller of successful login synchronously before returning
 	urlOpener.OnLoginSuccess()
 
@@ -375,23 +357,44 @@ func (a *Auth) foregroundGetTokenInfo(authClient *auth.Auth, urlOpener URLOpener
 	return &tokenInfo, nil
 }
 
-// GetConfigJSON returns the current config as a JSON string.
+// GetConfigJSON returns the config without the MDM overlay as JSON, for persisting it outside the config file (tvOS).
-// This can be used by the caller to persist the config via alternative storage
-// mechanisms (e.g., UserDefaults on tvOS where file writes are blocked).
 func (a *Auth) GetConfigJSON() (string, error) {
-	if a.config == nil {
+	cfg := a.base
+	if cfg == nil {
+		cfg = a.config
+	}
+	if cfg == nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("no config available")
 	}
-	return profilemanager.ConfigToJSON(a.config)
+	return profilemanager.ConfigToJSON(cfg)
 }
 
-// SetConfigFromJSON loads config from a JSON string.
+// SetConfigFromJSON replaces the config from JSON; the MDM overlay is applied on top for the login.
-// This can be used to restore config from alternative storage mechanisms.
 func (a *Auth) SetConfigFromJSON(jsonStr string) error {
 	cfg, err := profilemanager.ConfigFromJSON(jsonStr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	a.config = cfg
+	return a.setBaseConfig(cfg)
+}
+
+func (a *Auth) setBaseConfig(base *profilemanager.Config) error {
+	overlaid, err := copyConfig(base)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if a.policy != nil {
+		overlaid.ApplyMDMPolicy(a.policy)
+	}
+	a.base = base
+	a.config = overlaid
 	return nil
 }
+
+func copyConfig(cfg *profilemanager.Config) (*profilemanager.Config, error) {
+	raw, err := profilemanager.ConfigToJSON(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return profilemanager.ConfigFromJSON(raw)
+}

client/ios/NetBirdSDK/mdm.go

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+//go:build ios
+
+package NetBirdSDK
+
+import (
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+)
+
+// PolicyFetcher is implemented by the native layer to return the current
+// managed configuration as a JSON-encoded object string; "" means no MDM
+// source is present.
+type PolicyFetcher interface {
+	FetchJSON() string
+}
+
+type mdmSource struct {
+	loader   *mdm.Loader
+	detector *mdm.ChangeDetector
+}
+
+// SetMDMPolicyFetcher registers the native-provided MDM policy fetcher on
+// this Client; passing nil disables MDM enforcement.
+func (c *Client) SetMDMPolicyFetcher(p PolicyFetcher) {
+	loader := loaderFor(p)
+	c.mdmSource.Store(&mdmSource{loader: loader, detector: mdm.NewChangeDetector(loader)})
+}
+
+// HasMDMPolicyChanged re-reads the managed configuration and reports whether
+// it changed since the last observation; call it from the native OS-change
+// notification and restart the engine only on true.
+func (c *Client) HasMDMPolicyChanged() bool {
+	src := c.mdmSource.Load()
+	if src == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return src.detector.Changed()
+}
+
+// GetRestrictionsJSON returns the UI enforcement snapshot derived from the
+// active MDM policy, in the JSON shape shared with the desktop frontend.
+func (c *Client) GetRestrictionsJSON() (string, error) {
+	return mdm.BuildRestrictions(c.mdmLoader().Load()).JSON()
+}
+
+func (c *Client) applyMDMOverlay(cfg *profilemanager.Config) {
+	loader := c.mdmLoader()
+	if cfg == nil || loader == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	cfg.ApplyMDMPolicy(loader.Load())
+}
+
+func (c *Client) mdmLoader() *mdm.Loader {
+	if src := c.mdmSource.Load(); src != nil {
+		return src.loader
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func loaderFor(p PolicyFetcher) *mdm.Loader {
+	if p == nil {
+		return mdm.NewJSONLoader(nil)
+	}
+	return mdm.NewJSONLoader(p.FetchJSON)
+}

client/ios/NetBirdSDK/preferences.go

@@ -3,12 +3,16 @@
 package NetBirdSDK
 
 import (
+	"sync/atomic"
+
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
 )
 
 // Preferences export a subset of the internal config for gomobile
 type Preferences struct {
 	configInput profilemanager.ConfigInput
+	mdmLoader   atomic.Pointer[mdm.Loader]
 }
 
 // NewPreferences create new Preferences instance
@@ -17,11 +21,30 @@ func NewPreferences(configPath string, stateFilePath string) *Preferences {
 		ConfigPath:    configPath,
 		StateFilePath: stateFilePath,
 	}
-	return &Preferences{ci}
+	return &Preferences{configInput: ci}
+}
+
+// SetMDMPolicyFetcher registers the native-provided MDM policy fetcher on
+// this Preferences instance; passing nil disables MDM enforcement.
+func (p *Preferences) SetMDMPolicyFetcher(f PolicyFetcher) {
+	p.mdmLoader.Store(loaderFor(f))
+}
+
+// GetRestrictionsJSON returns the UI enforcement snapshot derived from the
+// active MDM policy, in the JSON shape shared with the desktop frontend.
+func (p *Preferences) GetRestrictionsJSON() (string, error) {
+	return mdm.BuildRestrictions(p.policy()).JSON()
+}
+
+func (p *Preferences) policy() *mdm.Policy {
+	return p.mdmLoader.Load().Load()
 }
 
 // GetManagementURL read url from config file
 func (p *Preferences) GetManagementURL() (string, error) {
+	if v, ok := p.policy().GetString(mdm.KeyManagementURL); ok {
+		return mdm.CanonicalURL(v), nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.ManagementURL != "" {
 		return p.configInput.ManagementURL, nil
 	}
@@ -30,7 +53,7 @@ func (p *Preferences) GetManagementURL() (string, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
-	return cfg.ManagementURL.String(), err
+	return cfg.ManagementURL.String(), nil
 }
 
 // SetManagementURL store the given url and wait for commit
@@ -56,17 +79,21 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetAdminURL(url string) {
 	p.configInput.AdminURL = url
 }
 
-// GetPreSharedKey read preshared key from config file
+// HasPreSharedKey reports whether a pre-shared key is staged, persisted, or
-func (p *Preferences) GetPreSharedKey() (string, error) {
+// enforced by MDM; the key itself is never handed to the native layer.
+func (p *Preferences) HasPreSharedKey() (bool, error) {
+	if _, ok := p.policy().GetString(mdm.KeyPreSharedKey); ok {
+		return true, nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.PreSharedKey != nil {
-		return *p.configInput.PreSharedKey, nil
+		return *p.configInput.PreSharedKey != "", nil
 	}
 
 	cfg, err := profilemanager.ReadConfig(p.configInput.ConfigPath)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return false, err
 	}
-	return cfg.PreSharedKey, err
+	return cfg.PreSharedKey != "", nil
 }
 
 // SetPreSharedKey store the given key and wait for commit
@@ -81,6 +108,9 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetRosenpassEnabled(enabled bool) {
 
 // GetRosenpassEnabled read rosenpass enabled from config file
 func (p *Preferences) GetRosenpassEnabled() (bool, error) {
+	if v, ok := p.policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled); ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.RosenpassEnabled != nil {
 		return *p.configInput.RosenpassEnabled, nil
 	}
@@ -99,6 +129,9 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetRosenpassPermissive(permissive bool) {
 
 // GetRosenpassPermissive read rosenpass permissive from config file
 func (p *Preferences) GetRosenpassPermissive() (bool, error) {
+	if v, ok := p.policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassPermissive); ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.RosenpassPermissive != nil {
 		return *p.configInput.RosenpassPermissive, nil
 	}
@@ -128,8 +161,34 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetDisableIPv6(disable bool) {
 	p.configInput.DisableIPv6 = &disable
 }
 
+// GetRemoteJobsAllowed reads the remote jobs opt-in from config file
+func (p *Preferences) GetRemoteJobsAllowed() (bool, error) {
+	policy := p.policy()
+	if !policy.HasKey(mdm.KeyRemoteJobsAllowed) && p.configInput.RemoteJobsAllowed != nil {
+		return *p.configInput.RemoteJobsAllowed, nil
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := profilemanager.ReadConfig(p.configInput.ConfigPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	cfg.ApplyMDMPolicy(policy)
+	if cfg.RemoteJobsAllowed == nil {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	return *cfg.RemoteJobsAllowed, nil
+}
+
+// SetRemoteJobsAllowed stores the given value and waits for commit
+func (p *Preferences) SetRemoteJobsAllowed(allowed bool) {
+	p.configInput.RemoteJobsAllowed = &allowed
+}
+
 // Commit write out the changes into config file
 func (p *Preferences) Commit() error {
+	if err := profilemanager.CheckMDMConflicts(p.configInput, p.policy()); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	// Use DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig to avoid atomic file operations (temp file + rename)
 	// which are blocked by the tvOS sandbox in App Group containers
 	_, err := profilemanager.DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig(p.configInput)

client/ios/NetBirdSDK/preferences_test.go

@@ -31,14 +31,13 @@ func TestPreferences_DefaultValues(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("invalid default management url: %s", defaultVar)
 	}
 
-	var preSharedKey string
+	hasPSK, err := p.HasPreSharedKey()
-	preSharedKey, err = p.GetPreSharedKey()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to read default preshared key: %s", err)
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read default preshared key presence: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	if preSharedKey != "" {
+	if hasPSK {
-		t.Errorf("invalid preshared key: %s", preSharedKey)
+		t.Errorf("unexpected preshared key presence on fresh config")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -69,13 +68,13 @@ func TestPreferences_ReadUncommitedValues(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	p.SetPreSharedKey(exampleString)
-	resp, err = p.GetPreSharedKey()
+	hasPSK, err := p.HasPreSharedKey()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to read preshared key: %s", err)
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read preshared key presence: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	if resp != exampleString {
+	if !hasPSK {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected preshared key: %s", resp)
+		t.Errorf("expected preshared key presence after staging one")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -114,12 +113,12 @@ func TestPreferences_Commit(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected management url: %s", resp)
 	}
 
-	resp, err = p.GetPreSharedKey()
+	hasPSK, err := p.HasPreSharedKey()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to read preshared key: %s", err)
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read preshared key presence: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	if resp != examplePresharedKey {
+	if !hasPSK {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected preshared key: %s", resp)
+		t.Errorf("expected preshared key presence after commit")
 	}
 }

client/ios/NetBirdSDK/profile_manager.go

@@ -52,6 +52,12 @@ func NewProfileManager(configDir string) *ProfileManager {
 	return &ProfileManager{impl: mobile.NewProfileManager(configDir, iosUsername)}
 }
 
+// SetMDMPolicyFetcher registers the native-provided MDM policy fetcher on
+// this ProfileManager; passing nil disables MDM enforcement.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) SetMDMPolicyFetcher(f PolicyFetcher) {
+	pm.impl.SetMDMLoader(loaderFor(f))
+}
+
 // ListProfiles returns all available profiles, including the default profile,
 // with their active status set.
 func (pm *ProfileManager) ListProfiles() (*ProfileArray, error) {

client/mdm/changedetector.go

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package mdm
+
+import "sync"
+
+// ChangeDetector tracks the last observed policy of a Loader so an
+// OS-notification-driven caller can ask whether the managed configuration
+// actually changed before restarting anything.
+type ChangeDetector struct {
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+	loader *Loader
+	prev   *Policy
+}
+
+// NewChangeDetector constructs a ChangeDetector seeded with the loader's
+// current policy, so only a later change reports as changed.
+func NewChangeDetector(loader *Loader) *ChangeDetector {
+	return &ChangeDetector{
+		loader: loader,
+		prev:   loader.Load(),
+	}
+}
+
+// Changed re-reads the policy, logs the per-key diff, and reports whether it
+// diverged from the last observation; the new snapshot becomes the baseline.
+func (d *ChangeDetector) Changed() bool {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	curr := d.loader.Load()
+	if !policyChanged(d.prev, curr) {
+		return false
+	}
+	d.prev = curr
+	return true
+}

client/mdm/conflicts.go

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+package mdm
+
+import (
+	"net/url"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+)
+
+// PreSharedKeyRedactedSentinel is the redaction mask returned in place of a
+// real pre-shared key; an incoming value equal to it is a round-trip echo,
+// never an override.
+const PreSharedKeyRedactedSentinel = "**********"
+
+// ConflictCheck is a value-aware comparison between a single requested field
+// and the corresponding MDM-enforced value.
+type ConflictCheck struct {
+	Key   string
+	Check func(*Policy) bool
+}
+
+// ConflictBool builds a ConflictCheck for a boolean MDM key.
+func ConflictBool(key string, p *bool) ConflictCheck {
+	return ConflictCheck{
+		Key: key,
+		Check: func(pol *Policy) bool {
+			if p == nil {
+				return true
+			}
+			want, ok := pol.GetBool(key)
+			return ok && want == *p
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// ConflictStringPtr builds a ConflictCheck for an optional string MDM key,
+// where an explicit empty value is still a request to change the setting. A
+// nil p means "field not set" (no override requested).
+func ConflictStringPtr(key string, p *string) ConflictCheck {
+	return ConflictCheck{
+		Key: key,
+		Check: func(pol *Policy) bool {
+			if p == nil {
+				return true
+			}
+			want, ok := pol.GetString(key)
+			return ok && want == *p
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// ConflictURL builds a ConflictCheck for a URL-typed MDM key. The two sides are
+// compared as the endpoints they address, not as strings: see
+// util.SameServiceURL.
+func ConflictURL(key, got string) ConflictCheck {
+	return ConflictCheck{
+		Key: key,
+		Check: func(pol *Policy) bool {
+			if got == "" {
+				return true
+			}
+			want, ok := pol.GetString(key)
+			return ok && util.SameServiceURLStrings(want, got)
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// ConflictInt64 builds a ConflictCheck for an integer MDM key.
+func ConflictInt64(key string, p *int64) ConflictCheck {
+	return ConflictCheck{
+		Key: key,
+		Check: func(pol *Policy) bool {
+			if p == nil {
+				return true
+			}
+			want, ok := pol.GetInt(key)
+			return ok && want == *p
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// ResolveConflicts returns the names of keys whose requested value diverges
+// from the policy-enforced value; keys the policy does not manage are skipped,
+// a managed key without a Check counts as a conflict.
+func ResolveConflicts(policy *Policy, checks []ConflictCheck) []string {
+	if policy.IsEmpty() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var conflicts []string
+	for _, c := range checks {
+		if !policy.HasKey(c.Key) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if c.Check == nil || !c.Check(policy) {
+			conflicts = append(conflicts, c.Key)
+		}
+	}
+	return conflicts
+}
+
+// CanonicalURL normalizes a service URL by appending the scheme default port
+// when none is present; unparseable input is returned unchanged.
+func CanonicalURL(s string) string {
+	u, err := url.ParseRequestURI(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return s
+	}
+	if u.Port() == "" {
+		switch u.Scheme {
+		case "https":
+			u.Host += ":443"
+		case "http":
+			u.Host += ":80"
+		}
+	}
+	return u.String()
+}

client/mdm/conflicts_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package mdm
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// The same spellings, through the conflict check that decides whether a request
+// is refused. An enforced URL restated in another spelling addresses the very
+// server the policy names, so it must not be reported as a conflict.
+func TestConflictURLComparesEndpoints(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := NewPolicy(map[string]any{KeyManagementURL: "https://mgmt.example.com"})
+	require.True(t, policy.HasKey(KeyManagementURL))
+
+	for _, restated := range []string{
+		"https://mgmt.example.com",
+		"https://mgmt.example.com:443",
+		"https://mgmt.example.com/",
+		"https://MGMT.example.com",
+		"https://mgmt.example.com:0443",
+	} {
+		conflicts := ResolveConflicts(policy, []ConflictCheck{ConflictURL(KeyManagementURL, restated)})
+		assert.Empty(t, conflicts, "%q is the enforced endpoint written differently", restated)
+	}
+
+	for _, diverging := range []string{
+		"https://other.example.com",
+		"http://mgmt.example.com",
+		"https://mgmt.example.com:8443",
+		"https://mgmt.example.com/other",
+	} {
+		conflicts := ResolveConflicts(policy, []ConflictCheck{ConflictURL(KeyManagementURL, diverging)})
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{KeyManagementURL}, conflicts, "%q addresses another endpoint", diverging)
+	}
+
+	// An unset field is not a request to change anything.
+	assert.Empty(t, ResolveConflicts(policy, []ConflictCheck{ConflictURL(KeyManagementURL, "")}))
+}

client/mdm/jsonloader.go

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package mdm
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+type jsonPolicyFetcher struct {
+	fetch func() string
+}
+
+// NewJSONLoader constructs a Loader whose policy source is a JSON-encoded
+// object string, as produced by the mobile native layers; a nil fetch
+// disables MDM enforcement.
+func NewJSONLoader(fetch func() string) *Loader {
+	if fetch == nil {
+		return NewLoader(nil)
+	}
+	return NewLoader(&jsonPolicyFetcher{fetch: fetch})
+}
+
+func (f *jsonPolicyFetcher) Fetch() map[string]any {
+	raw := f.fetch()
+	if raw == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var out map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(raw), &out); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("MDM mobile fetcher: invalid JSON payload from native: %v", err)
+		return nil
+	}
+	return out
+}

client/mdm/policy.go

@@ -119,16 +119,46 @@ func NewPolicy(values map[string]any) *Policy {
 	return &Policy{values: values}
 }
 
-// LoadPolicy reads the platform-native MDM configuration. Returns an
+// PolicyFetcher supplies the managed configuration to a Loader. Mobile
-// empty (but non-nil) Policy when no source is present, the source is
+// platforms (Android / iOS) implement it to push the OS-managed values
-// empty, or the platform is unsupported.
+// into the Go runtime. On every platform a non-nil fetcher takes
+// precedence over the native source, which is the test seam for the
+// registry / plist loaders; a nil fetcher leaves the native source in
+// charge, or disables MDM enforcement where there is none.
+type PolicyFetcher interface {
+	Fetch() map[string]any
+}
+
+// Loader is the DI-friendly entry point for reading the active MDM
+// policy. Construct one at the daemon's lifecycle owner (Server on
+// desktop, gomobile-exposed bridge on mobile) and pass it to anything
+// that needs to read MDM state (the reload ticker, profilemanager's
+// Config). Each callsite has the Loader handed in instead of looking
+// up package-level state.
+type Loader struct {
+	fetcher PolicyFetcher
+}
+
+// NewLoader constructs a Loader. A non-nil fetcher takes precedence over
+// the platform-native source; production desktop callers pass nil so the
+// registry / plist stays authoritative.
+func NewLoader(f PolicyFetcher) *Loader {
+	return &Loader{fetcher: f}
+}
+
+// Load reads the platform-native MDM configuration and returns a
+// Policy. Returns an empty (but non-nil) Policy when no source is
+// present, the source is empty, or the platform is unsupported.
 //
 // Diagnostic logging differentiates the three states:
 //   - source absent / unsupported platform: trace log only
 //   - source present, zero keys:             info "MDM enrolled (no managed keys)"
 //   - source present, N keys:                info "MDM enrolled with N managed keys: [...]"
-func LoadPolicy() *Policy {
+func (l *Loader) Load() *Policy {
-	values, err := loadPlatformPolicy()
+	if l == nil {
+		return &Policy{values: map[string]any{}}
+	}
+	values, err := l.loadPlatform()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Tracef("MDM policy load: %v", err)
 		return &Policy{values: map[string]any{}}
@@ -205,6 +235,8 @@ func (p *Policy) GetBool(key string) (bool, bool) {
 		return t != 0, true
 	case int64:
 		return t != 0, true
+	case float64:
+		return t != 0, true
 	}
 	return false, false
 }
@@ -270,7 +302,7 @@ func (p *Policy) GetStringSlice(key string) ([]string, bool) {
 }
 
 // sortedKeys returns the keys of m as a deterministic, lexicographically
-// sorted slice. Used internally by Policy.ManagedKeys and LoadPolicy's
+// sorted slice. Used internally by Policy.ManagedKeys and Loader.Load's
 // diagnostic log line so callers see a stable key order across runs
 // regardless of Go's randomised map iteration.
 func sortedKeys(m map[string]any) []string {

client/mdm/policy_darwin.go

@@ -25,8 +25,9 @@ import (
 // writable plist, as a defense against tampered installs.
 const policyPlistPath = "/Library/Managed Preferences/io.netbird.client.plist"
 
-// loadPlatformPolicy reads the MDM-managed configuration from the macOS
+// loadPlatform reads the MDM-managed configuration from the macOS
-// managed-preferences plist at policyPlistPath. Returns:
+// managed-preferences plist at policyPlistPath, unless a fetcher was
+// injected, in which case its values are returned instead. Returns:
 //   - (nil, nil)  when the plist is absent (device not MDM-enrolled for
 //     NetBird, or admin has not yet pushed a payload)
 //   - (map, nil)  with N entries when N managed values are present
@@ -39,13 +40,19 @@ const policyPlistPath = "/Library/Managed Preferences/io.netbird.client.plist"
 // skipped so a stray entry in the payload does not block startup.
 // Native plist value types map naturally onto the Policy accessor
 // expectations (GetString / GetBool / GetInt / GetStringSlice).
-func loadPlatformPolicy() (map[string]any, error) {
+func (l *Loader) loadPlatform() (map[string]any, error) {
+	// Honour the injected fetcher when present so tests (and any
+	// future non-macOS MDM channel) can short-circuit the plist read
+	// with a scripted policy.
+	if l != nil && l.fetcher != nil {
+		return l.fetcher.Fetch(), nil
+	}
 	f, err := os.Open(policyPlistPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
 			// Not enrolled for NetBird. Caller treats nil as
 			// "no MDM source present".
-			//nolint:nilnil // (nil, nil) is the documented platform-absent sentinel; see LoadPolicy.
+			//nolint:nilnil // (nil, nil) is the documented platform-absent sentinel; see Loader.Load.
 			return nil, nil
 		}
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open %s: %w", policyPlistPath, err)

client/mdm/policy_mobile.go

@@ -2,13 +2,14 @@
 
 package mdm
 
-// loadPlatformPolicy is unused on mobile: the native layer (Swift on iOS,
+// loadPlatform reads the OS-managed configuration via the native
-// Kotlin/Java on Android) reads the OS managed-config store and pushes the
+// PolicyFetcher injected at Loader construction. Returns
-// resulting dictionary in-process via a gomobile entry point that lands in
+// (nil, nil) — the platform-absent sentinel that Loader.Load treats as
-// Phase 5 / Phase 6. The stub keeps the package compilable for mobile
+// "no MDM source present" — when no fetcher was provided.
-// builds and returns (nil, nil) — the platform-absent sentinel that
+func (l *Loader) loadPlatform() (map[string]any, error) {
-// LoadPolicy in policy.go treats as "no MDM source present".
+	if l == nil || l.fetcher == nil {
-func loadPlatformPolicy() (map[string]any, error) {
+		//nolint:nilnil // (nil, nil) is the documented platform-absent sentinel; see Loader.Load.
-	//nolint:nilnil // (nil, nil) is the documented platform-absent sentinel; see LoadPolicy.
+		return nil, nil
-	return nil, nil
+	}
+	return l.fetcher.Fetch(), nil
 }

client/mdm/policy_other.go

@@ -2,13 +2,17 @@
 
 package mdm
 
-// loadPlatformPolicy returns no policy on platforms without an MDM channel
+// loadPlatform reads the MDM policy on platforms without a native MDM
-// (Linux, FreeBSD). MDM enforcement is off and the client behaves as if
+// channel (Linux, FreeBSD). When no fetcher was injected the policy is
-// the feature did not exist. Returns (nil, nil) — the platform-absent
+// (nil, nil) — the platform-absent sentinel that Loader.Load treats as
-// sentinel the caller (LoadPolicy in policy.go) treats as "no MDM
+// "MDM enforcement disabled". A non-nil fetcher takes precedence: it
-// source present"; an error here would just translate to the same
+// is the test-seam used by unit tests to inject a scripted policy
-// outcome with an extra log line.
+// without touching the OS, and the same hook supports any future
-func loadPlatformPolicy() (map[string]any, error) {
+// non-mobile OS that grows an out-of-band MDM channel.
-	//nolint:nilnil // (nil, nil) is the documented platform-absent sentinel; see LoadPolicy.
+func (l *Loader) loadPlatform() (map[string]any, error) {
+	if l != nil && l.fetcher != nil {
+		return l.fetcher.Fetch(), nil
+	}
+	//nolint:nilnil // (nil, nil) is the documented platform-absent sentinel; see Loader.Load.
 	return nil, nil
 }

client/mdm/policy_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package mdm
 
 import (
+	"runtime"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -95,7 +96,8 @@ func TestPolicy_GetBool(t *testing.T) {
 		{"int64 nonzero", int64(2), true, true},
 		{"int64 zero", int64(0), false, true},
 		{"string garbage", "maybe", false, false},
-		{"float unsupported", 1.0, false, false},
+		{"float nonzero", 1.0, true, true},
+		{"float zero", 0.0, false, true},
 	}
 	for _, c := range cases {
 		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -155,10 +157,29 @@ func TestPolicy_GetStringSlice(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
-func TestLoadPolicy_PlatformStubReturnsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+// encoding/json decodes every JSON number into float64, so the mobile
-	// loadPlatformPolicy is a stub on every OS for Phase 1. LoadPolicy must
+// loaders never see int.
-	// degrade gracefully and never return nil.
+func TestJSONLoader_BoolFromNumber(t *testing.T) {
-	p := LoadPolicy()
+	p := NewJSONLoader(func() string { return `{"blockInbound":1,"disableProfiles":0}` }).Load()
+
+	got, ok := p.GetBool(KeyBlockInbound)
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.True(t, got)
+
+	got, ok = p.GetBool(KeyDisableProfiles)
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.False(t, got)
+}
+
+func TestLoader_NilFetcherReturnsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	// Loader.Load with no fetcher (desktop construction) must degrade
+	// gracefully and never return nil; on linux loadPlatform is a stub
+	// returning (nil, nil), and Load is expected to translate that
+	// into a non-nil empty Policy.
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" || runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+		t.Skip("a nil fetcher reads the OS-managed policy on this platform")
+	}
+	p := NewLoader(nil).Load()
 	require.NotNil(t, p)
 	assert.True(t, p.IsEmpty())
 	assert.Empty(t, p.ManagedKeys())

client/mdm/policy_windows.go

@@ -61,8 +61,9 @@ func readRegistryValue(k registry.Key, name, canonical string, out map[string]an
 	}
 }
 
-// loadPlatformPolicy reads the MDM-managed configuration from the
+// loadPlatform reads the MDM-managed configuration from the Windows
-// Windows registry under HKLM\Software\Policies\NetBird. Returns:
+// registry under HKLM\Software\Policies\NetBird, unless a fetcher was
+// injected, in which case its values are returned instead. Returns:
 //   - (nil, nil)  when the key is absent (device not MDM-enrolled for NetBird)
 //   - (map, nil)  with N entries when N managed values are set (N may be 0)
 //   - (nil, err)  on open / enumerate registry errors
@@ -70,12 +71,18 @@ func readRegistryValue(k registry.Key, name, canonical string, out map[string]an
 // Per-value type coercion + skip-on-error is delegated to
 // readRegistryValue. Unknown value names are logged and skipped so a
 // malformed deployment does not block startup.
-func loadPlatformPolicy() (map[string]any, error) {
+func (l *Loader) loadPlatform() (map[string]any, error) {
+	// Honour the injected fetcher when present so tests (and any
+	// future non-Windows MDM channel) can short-circuit the registry
+	// read with a scripted policy.
+	if l != nil && l.fetcher != nil {
+		return l.fetcher.Fetch(), nil
+	}
 	k, err := registry.OpenKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, policyRegistryPath, registry.QUERY_VALUE)
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, registry.ErrNotExist) {
 			// Not enrolled. Caller treats nil as "no MDM source present".
-			//nolint:nilnil // (nil, nil) is the documented platform-absent sentinel; see LoadPolicy.
+			//nolint:nilnil // (nil, nil) is the documented platform-absent sentinel; see Loader.Load.
 			return nil, nil
 		}
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open %s: %w", policyRegistryPath, err)

client/mdm/restrictions.go

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package mdm
+
+import "encoding/json"
+
+// Fields carries the per-key MDM enforcement state for a UI: value-typed
+// fields hold the enforced value (nil pointer = not managed), boolean
+// fields report that the key is managed.
+type Fields struct {
+	ManagementURL            string `json:"managementURL"`
+	PreSharedKey             bool   `json:"preSharedKey"`
+	WireguardPort            bool   `json:"wireguardPort"`
+	RosenpassEnabled         bool   `json:"rosenpassEnabled"`
+	RosenpassPermissive      bool   `json:"rosenpassPermissive"`
+	DisableClientRoutes      bool   `json:"disableClientRoutes"`
+	DisableServerRoutes      bool   `json:"disableServerRoutes"`
+	AllowServerSSH           *bool  `json:"allowServerSSH"`
+	DisableAutoConnect       bool   `json:"disableAutoConnect"`
+	DisableAutostart         bool   `json:"disableAutostart"`
+	BlockInbound             bool   `json:"blockInbound"`
+	DisableMetricsCollection bool   `json:"disableMetricsCollection"`
+	SplitTunnelMode          bool   `json:"splitTunnelMode"`
+	SplitTunnelApps          bool   `json:"splitTunnelApps"`
+	DisableAdvancedView      *bool  `json:"disableAdvancedView"`
+}
+
+// Features carries the feature gates a UI must honor.
+type Features struct {
+	DisableProfiles       bool `json:"disableProfiles"`
+	DisableNetworks       bool `json:"disableNetworks"`
+	DisableUpdateSettings bool `json:"disableUpdateSettings"`
+}
+
+// Restrictions is the UI-facing enforcement snapshot; the JSON shape is
+// shared by the desktop frontend and the mobile bridges.
+type Restrictions struct {
+	MDM      Fields   `json:"mdm"`
+	Features Features `json:"features"`
+}
+
+// BuildRestrictions derives the UI enforcement snapshot from the active
+// policy.
+func BuildRestrictions(policy *Policy) Restrictions {
+	var r Restrictions
+	if policy.IsEmpty() {
+		return r
+	}
+
+	if v, ok := policy.GetString(KeyManagementURL); ok {
+		r.MDM.ManagementURL = CanonicalURL(v)
+	}
+	r.MDM.PreSharedKey = policy.HasKey(KeyPreSharedKey)
+	r.MDM.WireguardPort = policy.HasKey(KeyWireguardPort)
+	r.MDM.RosenpassEnabled = policy.HasKey(KeyRosenpassEnabled)
+	r.MDM.RosenpassPermissive = policy.HasKey(KeyRosenpassPermissive)
+	r.MDM.DisableClientRoutes = policy.HasKey(KeyDisableClientRoutes)
+	r.MDM.DisableServerRoutes = policy.HasKey(KeyDisableServerRoutes)
+	r.MDM.DisableAutoConnect = policy.HasKey(KeyDisableAutoConnect)
+	r.MDM.DisableAutostart = policy.HasKey(KeyDisableAutostart)
+	r.MDM.BlockInbound = policy.HasKey(KeyBlockInbound)
+	r.MDM.DisableMetricsCollection = policy.HasKey(KeyDisableMetricsCollection)
+	r.MDM.SplitTunnelMode = policy.HasKey(KeySplitTunnelMode)
+	r.MDM.SplitTunnelApps = policy.HasKey(KeySplitTunnelApps)
+	if v, ok := policy.GetBool(KeyAllowServerSSH); ok {
+		r.MDM.AllowServerSSH = &v
+	}
+	if v, ok := policy.GetBool(KeyDisableAdvancedView); ok {
+		r.MDM.DisableAdvancedView = &v
+	}
+
+	if v, ok := policy.GetBool(KeyDisableProfiles); ok {
+		r.Features.DisableProfiles = v
+	}
+	if v, ok := policy.GetBool(KeyDisableNetworks); ok {
+		r.Features.DisableNetworks = v
+	}
+	if v, ok := policy.GetBool(KeyDisableUpdateSettings); ok {
+		r.Features.DisableUpdateSettings = v
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+// JSON renders the snapshot in the shared UI JSON shape.
+func (r Restrictions) JSON() (string, error) {
+	b, err := json.Marshal(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return string(b), nil
+}

client/mdm/ticker.go

@@ -15,33 +15,33 @@ import (
 // instead, hence anticipating the ticker mechanism entirely.
 const DefaultReloadInterval = 1 * time.Minute
 
-// policyLoader is the indirection through which the ticker reads the
+// Ticker periodically re-reads the OS-native MDM policy via the
-// OS-native policy, both for the initial observation and on every tick.
+// injected Loader and invokes the onChange callback (supplied to Run)
-// Production points it at LoadPolicy; tests in this package override it to
+// whenever the observed Policy diverges from the last observation
-// feed a scripted sequence of policies without touching the real OS store.
+// (added / removed / changed keys). Launch with Run from a goroutine;
-var policyLoader = LoadPolicy
+// cancel the supplied context to stop.
-
-// Ticker periodically re-reads the OS-native MDM policy via LoadPolicy and
-// invokes the onChange callback (supplied to Run) whenever the observed
-// Policy diverges from the last observation (added / removed / changed
-// keys). Launch with Run from a goroutine; cancel the supplied context
-// to stop.
 type Ticker struct {
 	interval time.Duration
+	loader   *Loader
 	prev     *Policy
 }
 
 // NewTicker constructs a Ticker that will re-read the OS-native policy
-// every reloadInterval once Run is called.
+// every reloadInterval once Run is called. The Loader is injected so
-// The initial snapshot is populated by calling policyLoader at
+// the ticker doesn't depend on any package-level state — production
+// passes the daemon-owned Loader, tests pass a fake Loader (built with
+// a fake PolicyFetcher).
+//
+// The initial snapshot is populated by calling loader.Load() at
 // construction time so the first tick only fires
 // onChange when the policy actually changed since boot — without
 // this baseline the first tick would report every currently-managed
 // key as "added" and trigger a spurious engine restart.
-func NewTicker(reloadInterval time.Duration) *Ticker {
+func NewTicker(reloadInterval time.Duration, loader *Loader) *Ticker {
 	return &Ticker{
 		interval: reloadInterval,
-		prev:     policyLoader(),
+		loader:   loader,
+		prev:     loader.Load(),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -58,13 +58,10 @@ func (t *Ticker) Run(ctx context.Context, onChange func(prev, curr *Policy) erro
 			log.Info("MDM policy reload ticker stopped")
 			return
 		case <-tk.C:
-			curr := policyLoader()
+			curr := t.loader.Load()
-			if policiesEqual(t.prev, curr) {
+			if !policyChanged(t.prev, curr) {
 				continue
 			}
-			added, removed, changed := diffPolicies(t.prev, curr)
-			log.Infof("MDM policy changed: added=%v removed=%v changed=%v",
-				added, removed, changed)
 			prev := t.prev
 			if err := onChange(prev, curr); err != nil {
 				log.Errorf("MDM policy change handler failed (retrying in 1 minute): %v", err)
@@ -127,3 +124,12 @@ func mapOf(p *Policy) map[string]any {
 	}
 	return out
 }
+
+func policyChanged(prev, curr *Policy) bool {
+	if policiesEqual(prev, curr) {
+		return false
+	}
+	added, removed, changed := diffPolicies(prev, curr)
+	log.Infof("MDM policy changed: added=%v removed=%v changed=%v", added, removed, changed)
+	return true
+}

client/mdm/ticker_test.go

@@ -13,28 +13,40 @@ import (
 // testReloadInterval for speeding up the ticker cadence under `go test`
 const testReloadInterval = 1 * time.Second
 
-// withPolicyLoader overrides the package-level policyLoader for the duration
+// fakePolicyFetcher implements PolicyFetcher returning a scripted
-// of the test so the ticker observes a scripted policy instead of the real
+// policy map. Goroutine-safe so the test can mutate the script while
-// OS-native store. The original loader is restored on cleanup.
+// the ticker is observing it.
-func withPolicyLoader(t *testing.T, fn func() *Policy) {
+type fakePolicyFetcher struct {
-	t.Helper()
+	mu     sync.Mutex
-	prev := policyLoader
+	values map[string]any
-	policyLoader = fn
+}
-	t.Cleanup(func() { policyLoader = prev })
+
+func (f *fakePolicyFetcher) Fetch() map[string]any {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	if f.values == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(map[string]any, len(f.values))
+	for k, v := range f.values {
+		out[k] = v
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (f *fakePolicyFetcher) set(values map[string]any) {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	f.values = values
 }
 
 func TestTicker_FiresOnChangeWithDelta(t *testing.T) {
-	var mu sync.Mutex
+	fetcher := &fakePolicyFetcher{} // initial observation: empty (no enforcement)
-	current := NewPolicy(nil) // initial observation: empty (no enforcement)
+	loader := NewLoader(fetcher)
-	withPolicyLoader(t, func() *Policy {
-		mu.Lock()
-		defer mu.Unlock()
-		return current
-	})
 
 	type change struct{ prev, curr *Policy }
 	changes := make(chan change, 1)
-	tk := NewTicker(testReloadInterval)
+	tk := NewTicker(testReloadInterval, loader)
 	require.Equal(t, testReloadInterval, tk.interval)
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
@@ -49,15 +61,13 @@ func TestTicker_FiresOnChangeWithDelta(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 		close(done)
 	}()
-	// Stop Run and wait for it to exit before returning, so the policyLoader
+	// Stop Run and wait for it to exit before returning, so the test
-	// restore in t.Cleanup can't race the ticker goroutine still reading it.
+	// goroutine doesn't race the still-running ticker.
 	defer func() { cancel(); <-done }()
 
-	// Flip the OS-observed policy from empty to one managed key. The next
+	// Flip the OS-observed policy from empty to one managed key. The
-	// tick must detect the diff and invoke onChange.
+	// next tick must detect the diff and invoke onChange.
-	mu.Lock()
+	fetcher.set(map[string]any{KeyManagementURL: "https://mdm.example.com:443"})
-	current = NewPolicy(map[string]any{KeyManagementURL: "https://mdm.example.com:443"})
-	mu.Unlock()
 
 	select {
 	case c := <-changes:
@@ -69,12 +79,11 @@ func TestTicker_FiresOnChangeWithDelta(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestTicker_NoCallbackWhenPolicyUnchanged(t *testing.T) {
-	withPolicyLoader(t, func() *Policy {
+	fetcher := &fakePolicyFetcher{values: map[string]any{KeyBlockInbound: true}}
-		return NewPolicy(map[string]any{KeyBlockInbound: true})
+	loader := NewLoader(fetcher)
-	})
 
 	fired := make(chan struct{}, 1)
-	tk := NewTicker(testReloadInterval)
+	tk := NewTicker(testReloadInterval, loader)
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	done := make(chan struct{})
@@ -90,8 +99,8 @@ func TestTicker_NoCallbackWhenPolicyUnchanged(t *testing.T) {
 	}()
 	defer func() { cancel(); <-done }()
 
-	// Over ~2 ticks at the 1s test cadence the policy never changes, so the
+	// Over ~2 ticks at the 1s test cadence the policy never changes,
-	// diff guard must suppress the callback entirely.
+	// so the diff guard must suppress the callback entirely.
 	select {
 	case <-fired:
 		t.Fatal("onChange fired despite an unchanged policy")

client/mobile/profile_manager.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 package mobile
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -22,6 +24,9 @@ const (
 	profilesSubdir = "profiles"
 )
 
+// ErrProfilesDisabled marks a profile mutation rejected by MDM policy.
+var ErrProfilesDisabled = errors.New("profile management is disabled by MDM policy")
+
 /*
 
 <configDir>/                                    ← app-writable config root
@@ -55,6 +60,7 @@ type ProfileManager struct {
 	configDir  string
 	username   string
 	serviceMgr *profilemanager.ServiceManager
+	mdmLoader  *mdm.Loader
 }
 
 // NewProfileManager creates a profile manager rooted at configDir, the
@@ -127,6 +133,9 @@ func (pm *ProfileManager) GetActiveProfile() (*Profile, error) {
 // SwitchProfile records the given profile ID as the active profile. The caller
 // must stop the VPN tunnel before switching.
 func (pm *ProfileManager) SwitchProfile(id string) error {
+	if err := pm.checkProfilesAllowed(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	if err := pm.serviceMgr.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
 		ID:       profilemanager.ID(id),
 		Username: pm.username,
@@ -141,6 +150,9 @@ func (pm *ProfileManager) SwitchProfile(id string) error {
 // AddProfile creates a new profile with the given display name and a
 // generated ID. It returns the created profile so the caller learns the ID.
 func (pm *ProfileManager) AddProfile(displayName string) (*Profile, error) {
+	if err := pm.checkProfilesAllowed(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	profile, err := pm.serviceMgr.AddProfile(displayName, pm.username)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("add profile: %w", err)
@@ -153,6 +165,9 @@ func (pm *ProfileManager) AddProfile(displayName string) (*Profile, error) {
 // RenameProfile changes the display name of the profile identified by id. The
 // on-disk filename (the ID) is left unchanged.
 func (pm *ProfileManager) RenameProfile(id string, newName string) error {
+	if err := pm.checkProfilesAllowed(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	if err := pm.serviceMgr.RenameProfile(profilemanager.ID(id), pm.username, newName); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("rename profile: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -165,6 +180,9 @@ func (pm *ProfileManager) RenameProfile(id string, newName string) error {
 // private key and SSH key from the config, forcing a re-login. The management
 // URL and other settings are preserved.
 func (pm *ProfileManager) LogoutProfile(id string) error {
+	if err := pm.checkProfileLogoutAllowed(id); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	configPath, err := pm.getProfileConfigPath(id)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -196,6 +214,9 @@ func (pm *ProfileManager) LogoutProfile(id string) error {
 // RemoveProfile deletes a profile. The default profile and the active profile
 // cannot be removed.
 func (pm *ProfileManager) RemoveProfile(id string) error {
+	if err := pm.checkProfilesAllowed(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	configPath, err := pm.getProfileConfigPath(id)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -267,6 +288,27 @@ func (pm *ProfileManager) GetActiveStateFilePath() (string, error) {
 	return pm.GetStateFilePath(activeProfile.ID)
 }
 
+// SetMDMLoader registers the MDM policy source consulted before profile
+// mutations; a nil loader disables enforcement.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) SetMDMLoader(loader *mdm.Loader) {
+	pm.mdmLoader = loader
+}
+
+func (pm *ProfileManager) checkProfilesAllowed() error {
+	if v, ok := pm.mdmLoader.Load().GetBool(mdm.KeyDisableProfiles); ok && v {
+		return ErrProfilesDisabled
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (pm *ProfileManager) checkProfileLogoutAllowed(id string) error {
+	active, err := pm.serviceMgr.GetActiveProfileState()
+	if err == nil && active.ID.String() == id {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return pm.checkProfilesAllowed()
+}
+
 // profileEmail returns the account email recorded for a profile. Display-only,
 // so an unresolvable path degrades to "" rather than an error.
 func (pm *ProfileManager) profileEmail(id string) string {

client/mobile/profile_manager_mdm_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package mobile
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+)
+
+type fakeFetcher struct{ values map[string]any }
+
+func (f *fakeFetcher) Fetch() map[string]any { return f.values }
+
+func newTestProfileManager(t *testing.T) *ProfileManager {
+	t.Helper()
+	origDir := profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir
+	origPath := profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath
+	origActive := profilemanager.ActiveProfileStatePath
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir = origDir
+		profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath = origPath
+		profilemanager.ActiveProfileStatePath = origActive
+	})
+
+	configDir := t.TempDir()
+	pm := NewProfileManager(configDir, "mobile")
+	_, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath: filepath.Join(configDir, defaultConfigFilename),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return pm
+}
+
+func privateKeyOf(t *testing.T, pm *ProfileManager, id string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	path, err := pm.getProfileConfigPath(id)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	raw, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	var cfg struct{ PrivateKey string }
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(raw, &cfg))
+	return cfg.PrivateKey
+}
+
+func TestLogoutProfile_DisableProfiles(t *testing.T) {
+	pm := newTestProfileManager(t)
+	other, err := pm.AddProfile("work")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, pm.SwitchProfile(profilemanager.DefaultProfileName))
+	require.NotEmpty(t, privateKeyOf(t, pm, profilemanager.DefaultProfileName))
+	require.NotEmpty(t, privateKeyOf(t, pm, other.ID))
+
+	pm.SetMDMLoader(mdm.NewLoader(&fakeFetcher{values: map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyDisableProfiles: true,
+	}}))
+
+	err = pm.LogoutProfile(other.ID)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrProfilesDisabled)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, privateKeyOf(t, pm, other.ID))
+
+	require.NoError(t, pm.LogoutProfile(profilemanager.DefaultProfileName))
+	assert.Empty(t, privateKeyOf(t, pm, profilemanager.DefaultProfileName))
+}
+
+func TestLogoutProfile_ProfilesAllowed(t *testing.T) {
+	pm := newTestProfileManager(t)
+	other, err := pm.AddProfile("work")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, pm.SwitchProfile(profilemanager.DefaultProfileName))
+
+	pm.SetMDMLoader(mdm.NewLoader(&fakeFetcher{values: map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyDisableProfiles: false,
+	}}))
+
+	require.NoError(t, pm.LogoutProfile(other.ID))
+	assert.Empty(t, privateKeyOf(t, pm, other.ID))
+}

client/proto/generate.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -e
 
 if ! which realpath >/dev/null 2>&1; then

client/server/mdm.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package server
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"net/url"
 	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -14,28 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 )
 
-// preSharedKeyRedactedSentinel is the value GetConfig returns in place
-// of an actual PSK, so a UI that round-trips the field back to the
-// daemon (via SetConfig / Login) can be distinguished from a deliberate
-// override. Any incoming PSK that equals this sentinel is treated as
-// a no-op echo, never as a conflict with the policy.
-const preSharedKeyRedactedSentinel = "**********"
-
-// loadMDMPolicy is the indirection used by server handlers to read the
-// active MDM policy. Tests override this to inject a fake policy.
-var loadMDMPolicy = mdm.LoadPolicy
-
-// conflictCheck is a value-aware comparison between a single field in
-// the incoming request and the corresponding MDM-enforced value. It
-// runs only when the field was actually set in the request (presence
-// already filtered upstream); ok=true reports the policy value, ok=false
-// means the policy is silent on the key — both are treated as conflicts
-// to be safe (an MDM key declared as managed must hold a value).
-type conflictCheck struct {
-	key   string
-	check func(*mdm.Policy) (match bool)
-}
-
 // onMDMPolicyChange is invoked by the MDM reload ticker every time the
 // OS-native managed-config store reports a diff vs the last observation.
 //
@@ -168,126 +145,6 @@ func (s *Server) restartEngineForMDMLocked() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// conflictBool builds a conflictCheck for a boolean MDM key. If p is nil
-// the field is treated as matching (no override requested); otherwise the
-// check returns true only when the policy contains the key and its
-// boolean value equals *p.
-func conflictBool(key string, p *bool) conflictCheck {
-	return conflictCheck{
-		key: key,
-		check: func(pol *mdm.Policy) bool {
-			if p == nil {
-				return true // absent → match by definition
-			}
-			want, ok := pol.GetBool(key)
-			return ok && want == *p
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-func canonicalURL(s string) string {
-	u, err := url.ParseRequestURI(s)
-	if err != nil {
-		return s
-	}
-	if u.Port() == "" {
-		switch u.Scheme {
-		case "https":
-			u.Host += ":443"
-		case "http":
-			u.Host += ":80"
-		}
-	}
-	return u.String()
-}
-
-// conflictURL is conflictString for URL-typed keys: both sides are
-// normalized via canonicalURL before comparison.
-func conflictURL(key, got string) conflictCheck {
-	return conflictCheck{
-		key: key,
-		check: func(pol *mdm.Policy) bool {
-			if got == "" {
-				return true
-			}
-			want, ok := pol.GetString(key)
-			return ok && canonicalURL(want) == canonicalURL(got)
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-// conflictString builds a conflictCheck for a string MDM key. An empty
-// `got` is treated as "field not set" (no override requested); otherwise
-// the check returns true only when the policy contains the key and its
-// value equals got.
-func conflictString(key, got string) conflictCheck {
-	return conflictCheck{
-		key: key,
-		check: func(pol *mdm.Policy) bool {
-			if got == "" {
-				return true
-			}
-			want, ok := pol.GetString(key)
-			return ok && want == got
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-// conflictStringPtr is conflictString for optional proto fields, where an
-// explicit empty value is still a request to change the setting. If p is
-// nil the field is treated as matching (no override requested); otherwise
-// the check returns true only when the policy contains the key and its
-// value equals *p.
-func conflictStringPtr(key string, p *string) conflictCheck {
-	return conflictCheck{
-		key: key,
-		check: func(pol *mdm.Policy) bool {
-			if p == nil {
-				return true
-			}
-			want, ok := pol.GetString(key)
-			return ok && want == *p
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-// conflictInt64 builds a conflictCheck for an integer MDM key. If p is
-// nil the field is treated as matching; otherwise the check returns
-// true only when the policy contains the key and its int value equals *p.
-func conflictInt64(key string, p *int64) conflictCheck {
-	return conflictCheck{
-		key: key,
-		check: func(pol *mdm.Policy) bool {
-			if p == nil {
-				return true
-			}
-			want, ok := pol.GetInt(key)
-			return ok && want == *p
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-// resolveConflicts walks the per-field checks against the active MDM
-// policy and returns the names of keys whose requested value diverges
-// from the policy-enforced value. Keys not present in the policy are
-// skipped silently (the gate fires only for keys the admin has
-// actually pushed). Returns nil for an empty policy.
-func resolveConflicts(policy *mdm.Policy, checks []conflictCheck) []string {
-	if policy.IsEmpty() {
-		return nil
-	}
-	var conflicts []string
-	for _, c := range checks {
-		if !policy.HasKey(c.key) {
-			continue
-		}
-		if !c.check(policy) {
-			conflicts = append(conflicts, c.key)
-		}
-	}
-	return conflicts
-}
-
 // mdmManagedFieldConflicts returns the names of MDM-managed keys whose
 // requested value in the SetConfigRequest differs from the MDM-enforced
 // value. A field set to the same value the policy already enforces is
@@ -301,27 +158,25 @@ func mdmManagedFieldConflicts(msg *proto.SetConfigRequest, policy *mdm.Policy) [
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	// PSK round-trip echo: collapse the sentinel to empty so the
+	pskGot := msg.OptionalPreSharedKey
-	// shared check treats it as "field not set".
+	if pskGot != nil && *pskGot == mdm.PreSharedKeyRedactedSentinel {
-	pskGot := ""
+		pskGot = nil
-	if msg.OptionalPreSharedKey != nil && *msg.OptionalPreSharedKey != preSharedKeyRedactedSentinel {
-		pskGot = *msg.OptionalPreSharedKey
 	}
 
-	return resolveConflicts(policy, []conflictCheck{
+	return mdm.ResolveConflicts(policy, []mdm.ConflictCheck{
-		conflictURL(mdm.KeyManagementURL, msg.ManagementUrl),
+		mdm.ConflictURL(mdm.KeyManagementURL, msg.ManagementUrl),
-		conflictString(mdm.KeyPreSharedKey, pskGot),
+		mdm.ConflictStringPtr(mdm.KeyPreSharedKey, pskGot),
-		conflictBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled, msg.RosenpassEnabled),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled, msg.RosenpassEnabled),
-		conflictBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassPermissive, msg.RosenpassPermissive),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassPermissive, msg.RosenpassPermissive),
-		conflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableAutoConnect, msg.DisableAutoConnect),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableAutoConnect, msg.DisableAutoConnect),
-		conflictBool(mdm.KeyAllowServerSSH, msg.ServerSSHAllowed),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyAllowServerSSH, msg.ServerSSHAllowed),
-		conflictBool(mdm.KeyRemoteJobsAllowed, msg.RemoteJobsAllowed),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyRemoteJobsAllowed, msg.RemoteJobsAllowed),
-		conflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes, msg.DisableClientRoutes),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes, msg.DisableClientRoutes),
-		conflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableServerRoutes, msg.DisableServerRoutes),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableServerRoutes, msg.DisableServerRoutes),
-		conflictBool(mdm.KeyBlockInbound, msg.BlockInbound),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyBlockInbound, msg.BlockInbound),
-		conflictInt64(mdm.KeyWireguardPort, msg.WireguardPort),
+		mdm.ConflictInt64(mdm.KeyWireguardPort, msg.WireguardPort),
-		conflictBool(mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics, msg.EnableLocalMetrics),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics, msg.EnableLocalMetrics),
-		conflictStringPtr(mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress, msg.LocalMetricsAddress),
+		mdm.ConflictStringPtr(mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress, msg.LocalMetricsAddress),
 	})
 }
 
@@ -424,34 +279,28 @@ func loginRequestMDMConflicts(msg *proto.LoginRequest, policy *mdm.Policy) []str
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	// Collapse the two PSK fields + the redaction sentinel down to a
+	pskGot := msg.OptionalPreSharedKey
-	// single "got" string the shared check can compare against the
+	if pskGot == nil && msg.PreSharedKey != "" { //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: legacy proto field still accepted by Login
-	// policy: OptionalPreSharedKey wins if set; PreSharedKey (deprecated)
+		pskGot = &msg.PreSharedKey //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019
-	// is the fallback; sentinel echo is treated as "field not set".
-	pskGot := ""
-	if msg.OptionalPreSharedKey != nil {
-		pskGot = *msg.OptionalPreSharedKey
-	} else if msg.PreSharedKey != "" { //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: legacy proto field still accepted by Login
-		pskGot = msg.PreSharedKey //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019
 	}
-	if pskGot == preSharedKeyRedactedSentinel {
+	if pskGot != nil && *pskGot == mdm.PreSharedKeyRedactedSentinel {
-		pskGot = ""
+		pskGot = nil
 	}
 
-	return resolveConflicts(policy, []conflictCheck{
+	return mdm.ResolveConflicts(policy, []mdm.ConflictCheck{
-		conflictURL(mdm.KeyManagementURL, msg.ManagementUrl),
+		mdm.ConflictURL(mdm.KeyManagementURL, msg.ManagementUrl),
-		conflictString(mdm.KeyPreSharedKey, pskGot),
+		mdm.ConflictStringPtr(mdm.KeyPreSharedKey, pskGot),
-		conflictBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled, msg.RosenpassEnabled),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled, msg.RosenpassEnabled),
-		conflictBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassPermissive, msg.RosenpassPermissive),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassPermissive, msg.RosenpassPermissive),
-		conflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableAutoConnect, msg.DisableAutoConnect),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableAutoConnect, msg.DisableAutoConnect),
-		conflictBool(mdm.KeyAllowServerSSH, msg.ServerSSHAllowed),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyAllowServerSSH, msg.ServerSSHAllowed),
-		conflictBool(mdm.KeyRemoteJobsAllowed, msg.RemoteJobsAllowed),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyRemoteJobsAllowed, msg.RemoteJobsAllowed),
-		conflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes, msg.DisableClientRoutes),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes, msg.DisableClientRoutes),
-		conflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableServerRoutes, msg.DisableServerRoutes),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableServerRoutes, msg.DisableServerRoutes),
-		conflictBool(mdm.KeyBlockInbound, msg.BlockInbound),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyBlockInbound, msg.BlockInbound),
-		conflictInt64(mdm.KeyWireguardPort, msg.WireguardPort),
+		mdm.ConflictInt64(mdm.KeyWireguardPort, msg.WireguardPort),
-		conflictBool(mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics, msg.EnableLocalMetrics),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics, msg.EnableLocalMetrics),
-		conflictStringPtr(mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress, msg.LocalMetricsAddress),
+		mdm.ConflictStringPtr(mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress, msg.LocalMetricsAddress),
 	})
 }
 

client/server/server.go

@@ -138,6 +138,15 @@ type Server struct {
 	// stopped by the rootCtx cancellation.
 	mdmTicker *mdm.Ticker
 
+	// mdmLoader is the daemon-owned source of the active MDM policy.
+	// Constructed once during Server.Start (with a nil PolicyFetcher on
+	// desktop — the build-tagged Loader.loadPlatform reads the OS
+	// registry / plist directly) and injected into every consumer:
+	// mdmTicker for its periodic reload, the SetConfig / Login MDM
+	// gates for conflict detection, and every Config produced via
+	// getConfig() so its apply() picks up the same overlay.
+	mdmLoader *mdm.Loader
+
 	updateManager *updater.Manager
 
 	jwtCache *jwtCache
@@ -246,8 +255,14 @@ func (s *Server) Start() error {
 	// Runs re-resolves Config (re-running profilemanager.Config.apply which
 	// applies the freshly-read MDM policy as the last layer) and brings
 	// the engine back with the new values.
+	if s.mdmLoader == nil {
+		// Desktop builds pass a nil PolicyFetcher: the Loader's
+		// build-tagged loadPlatform reads the OS source directly
+		// (registry on Windows, plist on macOS, no-op elsewhere).
+		s.mdmLoader = mdm.NewLoader(nil)
+	}
 	if s.mdmTicker == nil {
-		s.mdmTicker = mdm.NewTicker(mdm.DefaultReloadInterval)
+		s.mdmTicker = mdm.NewTicker(mdm.DefaultReloadInterval, s.mdmLoader)
 		go s.mdmTicker.Run(s.rootCtx, s.onMDMPolicyChange)
 	}
 
@@ -493,7 +508,7 @@ func (s *Server) SetConfig(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.SetConfigReques
 	// by the active MDM policy. The error carries an MDMManagedFields-
 	// Violation detail listing the offending key names. Non-conflicting
 	// fields in the same request are not applied either.
-	policy := loadMDMPolicy()
+	policy := s.mdmLoader.Load()
 	if err := rejectMDMManagedFieldConflicts(mdmManagedFieldConflicts(msg, policy)); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -636,7 +651,7 @@ func (s *Server) Login(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.LoginRequest) (*pro
 		if s.checkUpdateSettingsDisabled() {
 			return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Unavailable, errUpdateSettingsDisabled)
 		}
-		policy := loadMDMPolicy()
+		policy := s.mdmLoader.Load()
 		if err := rejectMDMManagedFieldConflicts(loginRequestMDMConflicts(msg, policy)); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -1487,6 +1502,12 @@ func (s *Server) getConfig(activeProf *profilemanager.ActiveProfileState) (*prof
 		return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("failed to get config: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	// Apply the daemon-owned MDM policy on top of the just-resolved
+	// Config. profilemanager's apply() initialises the policy to
+	// empty — the Loader lives outside Config, so this overlay step
+	// is driven externally here.
+	config.ApplyMDMPolicy(s.mdmLoader.Load())
+
 	return config, configExisted, nil
 }
 
@@ -1543,6 +1564,9 @@ func (s *Server) logoutFromProfile(ctx context.Context, profile *profilemanager.
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("profile '%s' not found", profile.ID)
 	}
+	// Honour any MDM-enforced ManagementURL when issuing the logout
+	// RPC: the user-stored value may have been overridden by policy.
+	config.ApplyMDMPolicy(s.mdmLoader.Load())
 
 	return s.sendLogoutRequestWithConfig(ctx, config)
 }
@@ -2177,6 +2201,11 @@ func (s *Server) GetConfig(ctx context.Context, req *proto.GetConfigRequest) (*p
 		log.Errorf("failed to get active profile config: %v", err)
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile config: %w", err)
 	}
+	// Overlay the active MDM policy so the response's MDMManagedFields
+	// list reflects what the GUI / CLI must render as read-only.
+	// profilemanager.GetConfig itself returns a Config without the
+	// overlay (Loader lives outside profilemanager).
+	cfg.ApplyMDMPolicy(s.mdmLoader.Load())
 	managementURL := cfg.ManagementURL
 	adminURL := cfg.AdminURL
 

client/server/setconfig_mdm_test.go

@@ -16,14 +16,40 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 )
 
-// withMDMPolicy temporarily overrides the server-package loadMDMPolicy hook
+// fakeMDMFetcher implements mdm.PolicyFetcher returning a pre-set
-// so SetConfig observes the supplied Policy. Restores the original loader
+// policy map. Tests build one per Server instance to inject a
-// at test cleanup.
+// scripted MDM overlay via a Loader rather than via package-level state.
-func withMDMPolicy(t *testing.T, policy *mdm.Policy) {
+type fakeMDMFetcher struct{ values map[string]any }
+
+func (f *fakeMDMFetcher) Fetch() map[string]any { return f.values }
+
+// withMDMPolicy installs an mdm.Loader on the given Server whose
+// loadPlatform returns the supplied Policy's underlying values. Use
+// after setupServerWithProfile to inject the scripted policy the
+// SetConfig / Login MDM gates will observe.
+func withMDMPolicy(t *testing.T, s *Server, policy *mdm.Policy) {
 	t.Helper()
-	prev := loadMDMPolicy
+	values := map[string]any{}
-	loadMDMPolicy = func() *mdm.Policy { return policy }
+	if policy != nil {
-	t.Cleanup(func() { loadMDMPolicy = prev })
+		for _, k := range policy.ManagedKeys() {
+			if v, ok := policy.GetString(k); ok {
+				values[k] = v
+				continue
+			}
+			if v, ok := policy.GetInt(k); ok {
+				values[k] = v
+				continue
+			}
+			if v, ok := policy.GetBool(k); ok {
+				values[k] = v
+				continue
+			}
+			if v, ok := policy.GetStringSlice(k); ok {
+				values[k] = v
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	s.mdmLoader = mdm.NewLoader(&fakeMDMFetcher{values: values})
 }
 
 // setupServerWithProfile mirrors the boilerplate of TestSetConfig_AllFieldsSaved:
@@ -93,12 +119,11 @@ func extractViolation(t *testing.T, err error) *proto.MDMManagedFieldsViolation
 }
 
 func TestSetConfig_MDMReject_SingleField(t *testing.T) {
-	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	withMDMPolicy(t, s, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
 		mdm.KeyManagementURL: "https://mdm.example.com:443",
 	}))
 
-	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
-
 	_, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
 		ProfileName:   profName,
 		Username:      username,
@@ -110,14 +135,13 @@ func TestSetConfig_MDMReject_SingleField(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSetConfig_MDMReject_MultipleFields(t *testing.T) {
-	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	withMDMPolicy(t, s, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
 		mdm.KeyManagementURL:    "https://mdm.example.com:443",
 		mdm.KeyBlockInbound:     true,
 		mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled: true,
 	}))
 
-	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
-
 	blockInbound := false
 	rosenpassEnabled := false
 	_, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
@@ -137,13 +161,12 @@ func TestSetConfig_MDMReject_MultipleFields(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSetConfig_MDMReject_LocalMetrics(t *testing.T) {
-	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	withMDMPolicy(t, s, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
 		mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics:  true,
 		mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress: "127.0.0.1:9191",
 	}))
 
-	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
-
 	enabled := false
 	addr := "0.0.0.0:9999"
 	_, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
@@ -164,12 +187,11 @@ func TestSetConfig_MDMReject_LocalMetrics(t *testing.T) {
 // (the manager falls back to the default), so presence must be honored
 // rather than collapsed to "field not set".
 func TestSetConfig_MDMReject_LocalMetricsEmptyAddress(t *testing.T) {
-	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	withMDMPolicy(t, s, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
 		mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress: "127.0.0.1:9999",
 	}))
 
-	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
-
 	addr := ""
 	_, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
 		ProfileName:         profName,
@@ -181,17 +203,80 @@ func TestSetConfig_MDMReject_LocalMetricsEmptyAddress(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress}, v.GetFields())
 }
 
+func TestSetConfig_MDMReject_EmptyPreSharedKey(t *testing.T) {
+	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	withMDMPolicy(t, s, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyPreSharedKey: "mdm-enforced-psk",
+	}))
+
+	psk := ""
+	_, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
+		ProfileName:          profName,
+		Username:             username,
+		OptionalPreSharedKey: &psk,
+	})
+
+	v := extractViolation(t, err)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{mdm.KeyPreSharedKey}, v.GetFields())
+}
+
+func TestSetConfig_MDMAllow_PreSharedKeySentinelEcho(t *testing.T) {
+	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	withMDMPolicy(t, s, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyPreSharedKey: "mdm-enforced-psk",
+	}))
+
+	psk := mdm.PreSharedKeyRedactedSentinel
+	resp, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
+		ProfileName:          profName,
+		Username:             username,
+		OptionalPreSharedKey: &psk,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp)
+}
+
+func TestLoginRequestMDMConflicts_PreSharedKey(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyPreSharedKey: "mdm-enforced-psk",
+	})
+	empty := ""
+	sentinel := mdm.PreSharedKeyRedactedSentinel
+	same := "mdm-enforced-psk"
+	other := "user-psk"
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		msg  *proto.LoginRequest
+		want []string
+	}{
+		{name: "unset", msg: &proto.LoginRequest{}, want: nil},
+		{name: "optional empty", msg: &proto.LoginRequest{OptionalPreSharedKey: &empty}, want: []string{mdm.KeyPreSharedKey}},
+		{name: "optional sentinel echo", msg: &proto.LoginRequest{OptionalPreSharedKey: &sentinel}, want: nil},
+		{name: "optional same value", msg: &proto.LoginRequest{OptionalPreSharedKey: &same}, want: nil},
+		{name: "optional divergent", msg: &proto.LoginRequest{OptionalPreSharedKey: &other}, want: []string{mdm.KeyPreSharedKey}},
+		{name: "legacy empty is unset", msg: &proto.LoginRequest{PreSharedKey: ""}, want: nil},                         //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: legacy proto field still accepted by Login
+		{name: "legacy sentinel echo", msg: &proto.LoginRequest{PreSharedKey: sentinel}, want: nil},                    //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: legacy proto field still accepted by Login
+		{name: "legacy divergent", msg: &proto.LoginRequest{PreSharedKey: other}, want: []string{mdm.KeyPreSharedKey}}, //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: legacy proto field still accepted by Login
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, loginRequestMDMConflicts(tc.msg, policy))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSetConfig_MDMReject_AllOrNothing(t *testing.T) {
 	// MDM enforces ManagementURL only; user request touches both the
 	// enforced field AND a non-enforced field (RosenpassEnabled).
 	// The whole request must be rejected — non-conflicting fields are not
 	// applied either.
-	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+	s, ctx, profName, username, cfgPath := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	withMDMPolicy(t, s, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
 		mdm.KeyManagementURL: "https://mdm.example.com:443",
 	}))
 
-	s, ctx, profName, username, cfgPath := setupServerWithProfile(t)
-
 	rosenpassEnabled := true
 	_, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
 		ProfileName:      profName,
@@ -213,12 +298,11 @@ func TestSetConfig_MDMReject_AllOrNothing(t *testing.T) {
 func TestSetConfig_MDMAllow_NonManagedFields(t *testing.T) {
 	// MDM enforces ManagementURL but the user only writes RosenpassEnabled.
 	// Request must succeed.
-	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	withMDMPolicy(t, s, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
 		mdm.KeyManagementURL: "https://mdm.example.com:443",
 	}))
 
-	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
-
 	rosenpassEnabled := true
 	resp, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
 		ProfileName:      profName,
@@ -247,12 +331,11 @@ func TestSetConfig_MDMAllow_ManagementURLPortNormalized(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tc := range tests {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+			s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+			withMDMPolicy(t, s, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
 				mdm.KeyManagementURL: tc.mdmURL,
 			}))
 
-			s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
-
 			rosenpassEnabled := true
 			resp, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
 				ProfileName:      profName,
@@ -269,9 +352,8 @@ func TestSetConfig_MDMAllow_ManagementURLPortNormalized(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestSetConfig_MDMEmpty_NoEnforcement(t *testing.T) {
 	// No MDM policy active: any field can be written.
-	withMDMPolicy(t, mdm.NewPolicy(nil))
-
 	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	withMDMPolicy(t, s, mdm.NewPolicy(nil))
 
 	resp, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
 		ProfileName:   profName,

client/ssh/auth/auth.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package auth
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"slices"
 	"sync"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -155,6 +156,24 @@ func (a *Authorizer) GetUserIDClaim() string {
 	return a.userIDClaim
 }
 
+// Config returns the authorization currently in force. The user list and the
+// machine-user map are copies; the originals stay in use here.
+func (a *Authorizer) Config() *Config {
+	a.mu.RLock()
+	defer a.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	machineUsers := make(map[string][]uint32, len(a.machineUsers))
+	for osUser, indexes := range a.machineUsers {
+		machineUsers[osUser] = slices.Clone(indexes)
+	}
+
+	return &Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     a.userIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: slices.Clone(a.authorizedUsers),
+		MachineUsers:    machineUsers,
+	}
+}
+
 // findUserIndex finds the index of a hashed user ID in the authorized users list
 // Returns the index and true if found, 0 and false if not found
 func (a *Authorizer) findUserIndex(hashedUserID sshuserhash.UserIDHash) (int, bool) {

client/ssh/handshake.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net"
-	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
@@ -13,26 +12,23 @@ import (
 
 // Handshake runs the SSH client handshake on an already dialed conn and
 // returns the resulting client. Dialing bounds only the TCP establishment;
-// without a deadline on the socket a peer that accepts and then goes silent
+// a peer that accepts and then goes silent would block the handshake forever,
-// blocks the handshake forever, so the context deadline is applied to conn
+// so conn is closed as soon as ctx is done, which unblocks the handshake and
-// for the duration of the handshake. conn is closed on any error.
+// surfaces the context error. conn is closed on any error.
 func Handshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, addr string, config *ssh.ClientConfig) (*ssh.Client, error) {
-	if deadline, ok := ctx.Deadline(); ok {
+	stop := context.AfterFunc(ctx, func() { closeHandshake(conn, "conn on context done") })
-		if err := conn.SetDeadline(deadline); err != nil {
-			closeHandshake(conn, "conn after deadline error")
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("set handshake deadline: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
 
 	sshConn, chans, reqs, err := ssh.NewClientConn(conn, addr, config)
 	if err != nil {
-		closeHandshake(conn, "conn after handshake error")
+		if stop() {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ssh handshake: %w", err)
+			closeHandshake(conn, "conn after handshake error")
+		}
+		return nil, handshakeError(ctx, err)
 	}
 
-	if err := conn.SetDeadline(time.Time{}); err != nil {
+	if !stop() {
-		closeHandshake(sshConn, "ssh conn after deadline clear error")
+		closeHandshake(sshConn, "ssh conn after context done")
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("clear handshake deadline: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ssh handshake: %w", ctx.Err())
 	}
 
 	return ssh.NewClient(sshConn, chans, reqs), nil
@@ -43,3 +39,10 @@ func closeHandshake(c io.Closer, label string) {
 		log.Debugf("ssh: close %s: %v", label, err)
 	}
 }
+
+func handshakeError(ctx context.Context, err error) error {
+	if ctxErr := ctx.Err(); ctxErr != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("ssh handshake: %w: %w", ctxErr, err)
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("ssh handshake: %w", err)
+}

client/ssh/handshake_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+package ssh
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+)
+
+func TestHandshake_ContextDeadlineWrapped(t *testing.T) {
+	conn := dialSilentServer(t)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 50*time.Millisecond)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	_, err := Handshake(ctx, conn, conn.RemoteAddr().String(), testClientConfig())
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.True(t, errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded), "expected context.DeadlineExceeded, got: %v", err)
+}
+
+func TestHandshake_ContextCancelUnblocks(t *testing.T) {
+	conn := dialSilentServer(t)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	time.AfterFunc(50*time.Millisecond, cancel)
+
+	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		_, err := Handshake(ctx, conn, conn.RemoteAddr().String(), testClientConfig())
+		errCh <- err
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-errCh:
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		require.True(t, errors.Is(err, context.Canceled), "expected context.Canceled, got: %v", err)
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("handshake did not return after context cancellation")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandshake_NonContextErrorNotWrapped(t *testing.T) {
+	conn := dialSilentServer(t)
+	require.NoError(t, conn.Close())
+
+	_, err := Handshake(context.Background(), conn, conn.RemoteAddr().String(), testClientConfig())
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.False(t, errors.Is(err, context.Canceled))
+	require.False(t, errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded))
+}
+
+func testClientConfig() *ssh.ClientConfig {
+	return &ssh.ClientConfig{
+		User:            "test",
+		HostKeyCallback: ssh.InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
+	}
+}
+
+// dialSilentServer returns a client conn to a server that accepts and never
+// sends anything, so the SSH handshake blocks until the context is done.
+func dialSilentServer(t *testing.T) net.Conn {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = listener.Close() })
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	t.Cleanup(func() { close(done) })
+
+	go func() {
+		c, err := listener.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		defer func() { _ = c.Close() }()
+		<-done
+	}()
+
+	conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", listener.Addr().String())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = conn.Close() })
+
+	return conn
+}

client/ssh/server/server.go

@@ -197,6 +197,12 @@ type Config struct {
 
 	// HostKey is the SSH server host key in PEM format
 	HostKeyPEM []byte
+
+	// Auth is the fine-grained authorization to open with. Nil starts with an
+	// empty authorizer, which authorizes nobody until UpdateSSHAuth is called.
+	// Setting it here rather than afterwards means the server never accepts a
+	// login before it knows who is allowed.
+	Auth *sshauth.Config
 }
 
 // SessionInfo contains information about an active SSH session
@@ -220,7 +226,11 @@ func New(config *Config) *Server {
 		connections:            make(map[connKey]*connState),
 		jwtEnabled:             config.JWT != nil,
 		jwtConfig:              config.JWT,
-		authorizer:             sshauth.NewAuthorizer(), // Initialize with empty config
+		authorizer:             sshauth.NewAuthorizer(),
+	}
+
+	if config.Auth != nil {
+		s.authorizer.Update(config.Auth)
 	}
 
 	return s
@@ -461,6 +471,27 @@ func (s *Server) UpdateSSHAuth(config *sshauth.Config) {
 	s.authorizer.Update(config)
 }
 
+// JWTConfig returns the JWT authentication this server was built with, or nil
+// when JWT authentication is disabled.
+func (s *Server) JWTConfig() *JWTConfig {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+	return s.jwtConfig
+}
+
+// AuthConfig returns the fine-grained authorization currently in force, or nil
+// when the server has no authorizer.
+func (s *Server) AuthConfig() *sshauth.Config {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	authorizer := s.authorizer
+	s.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	if authorizer == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return authorizer.Config()
+}
+
 // ensureJWTValidator initializes the JWT validator and extractor if not already initialized
 func (s *Server) ensureJWTValidator() error {
 	s.mu.RLock()

client/system/info_source.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package system
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// InfoSource gathers the system info sent to management, keeping the posture
+// check results from the last Refresh for the cheap Current snapshots.
+type InfoSource struct {
+	files atomic.Pointer[[]File]
+}
+
+// Refresh gathers the info with the posture checks evaluated, bounded by timeout.
+func (s *InfoSource) Refresh(ctx context.Context, timeout time.Duration, checks []*proto.Checks, excludeIPs ...netip.Addr) (*Info, bool) {
+	info, ok := GetInfoWithChecksTimeout(ctx, timeout, checks, excludeIPs...)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	files := slices.Clone(info.Files)
+	s.files.Store(&files)
+	return info, true
+}
+
+// Current gathers the info without evaluating the checks, reusing the last Refresh results.
+func (s *InfoSource) Current(ctx context.Context, excludeIPs ...netip.Addr) *Info {
+	info := GetInfo(ctx)
+	info.removeAddresses(excludeIPs...)
+	if files := s.files.Load(); files != nil {
+		info.Files = *files
+	}
+	return info
+}

client/system/info_source_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package system
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+func TestInfoSource_CurrentBeforeRefresh(t *testing.T) {
+	var src InfoSource
+
+	info := src.Current(context.Background())
+
+	assert.Empty(t, info.Files)
+}
+
+func TestInfoSource_CurrentReusesRefreshedFiles(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "agent")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, nil, 0o600))
+	checks := []*proto.Checks{{Files: []string{path}}}
+
+	var src InfoSource
+	refreshed, ok := src.Refresh(context.Background(), 15*time.Second, checks)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, []File{{Path: path, Exist: true}}, refreshed.Files)
+
+	info := src.Current(context.Background())
+
+	assert.Equal(t, refreshed.Files, info.Files)
+}
+
+func TestInfoSource_CurrentExcludesAddresses(t *testing.T) {
+	addrs := GetInfo(context.Background()).NetworkAddresses
+	if len(addrs) == 0 {
+		t.Skip("no network addresses on this host")
+	}
+	excluded := addrs[0].NetIP.Addr()
+	matching := 0
+	for _, addr := range addrs {
+		if addr.NetIP.Addr() == excluded {
+			matching++
+		}
+	}
+
+	var src InfoSource
+	info := src.Current(context.Background(), excluded)
+
+	assert.Len(t, info.NetworkAddresses, len(addrs)-matching)
+	for _, addr := range info.NetworkAddresses {
+		assert.NotEqual(t, excluded, addr.NetIP.Addr())
+	}
+}

client/ui/autostart_default.go

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func netbirdFootprintExists() bool {
 // retrying autostart entry writes on every launch. A user's later disable in
 // Settings is never overridden: the marker guarantees at-most-once, ever.
 func applyAutostartDefault(ctx context.Context, autostart *services.Autostart, prefs *preferences.Store, prefsFileExisted bool) {
-	mdmDisabled := autostartDisabledByMDM(mdm.LoadPolicy())
+	mdmDisabled := autostartDisabledByMDM(mdm.NewLoader(nil).Load())
 
 	if mdmDisabled {
 		if enabled, err := autostart.IsEnabled(ctx); err != nil {

client/ui/services/settings.go

@@ -11,37 +11,18 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/daemonaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ipcauth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 )
 
-type MDMFields struct {
+// MDMFields is the shared per-key MDM enforcement snapshot; see mdm.Fields.
-	ManagementURL            string `json:"managementURL"`
+type MDMFields = mdm.Fields
-	PreSharedKey             bool   `json:"preSharedKey"`
-	WireguardPort            bool   `json:"wireguardPort"`
-	RosenpassEnabled         bool   `json:"rosenpassEnabled"`
-	RosenpassPermissive      bool   `json:"rosenpassPermissive"`
-	DisableClientRoutes      bool   `json:"disableClientRoutes"`
-	DisableServerRoutes      bool   `json:"disableServerRoutes"`
-	AllowServerSSH           *bool  `json:"allowServerSSH"`
-	DisableAutoConnect       bool   `json:"disableAutoConnect"`
-	DisableAutostart         bool   `json:"disableAutostart"`
-	BlockInbound             bool   `json:"blockInbound"`
-	DisableMetricsCollection bool   `json:"disableMetricsCollection"`
-	SplitTunnelMode          bool   `json:"splitTunnelMode"`
-	SplitTunnelApps          bool   `json:"splitTunnelApps"`
-	DisableAdvancedView      bool   `json:"disableAdvancedView"`
-}
 
-type Features struct {
+// Features is the shared feature-gate snapshot; see mdm.Features.
-	DisableProfiles       bool `json:"disableProfiles"`
+type Features = mdm.Features
-	DisableNetworks       bool `json:"disableNetworks"`
-	DisableUpdateSettings bool `json:"disableUpdateSettings"`
-}
 
-type Restrictions struct {
+// Restrictions is the shared UI enforcement snapshot; see mdm.Restrictions.
-	MDM      MDMFields `json:"mdm"`
+type Restrictions = mdm.Restrictions
-	Features Features  `json:"features"`
-}
 
 // Privilege tells the frontend whether this process may perform the changes the
 // daemon restricts to root/administrator, whether it can ask the operating
@@ -383,7 +364,7 @@ func (s *Settings) GetRestrictions(ctx context.Context) (Restrictions, error) {
 		},
 	}
 	applyMDMRestrictions(&r.MDM, cfgResp)
-	r.MDM.DisableAdvancedView = featResp.GetDisableAdvancedView()
+	r.MDM.DisableAdvancedView = featResp.DisableAdvancedView
 	return r, nil
 }
 
@@ -411,9 +392,6 @@ func applyMDMRestrictions(mdm *MDMFields, cfgResp *proto.GetConfigResponse) {
 		if v.Field(i).Kind() != reflect.Bool {
 			continue
 		}
-		if t.Field(i).Name == "DisableAdvancedView" {
-			continue
-		}
 		if _, ok := set[t.Field(i).Tag.Get("json")]; ok {
 			v.Field(i).SetBool(true)
 		}

combined/cmd/root.go

@@ -365,7 +365,6 @@ func setupServerHooks(servers *serverInstances, cfg *CombinedConfig) {
 			})
 		}
 	}
-
 }
 
 func startServers(wg *sync.WaitGroup, srv *relayServer.Server, httpHealthcheck *healthcheck.Server, stunServer *stun.Server, metricsServer *sharedMetrics.Metrics) {
@@ -539,7 +538,7 @@ func createManagementServer(cfg *CombinedConfig, mgmtConfig *nbconfig.Config) (m
 		&mgmtServer.Config{
 			NbConfig:                mgmtConfig,
 			DNSDomain:               "",
-			MgmtSingleAccModeDomain: "",
+			MgmtSingleAccModeDomain: mgmtServer.DefaultSelfHostedDomain,
 			AutoResolveDomains:      true,
 			MgmtPort:                mgmtPort,
 			MgmtMetricsPort:         cfg.Server.MetricsPort,
@@ -554,7 +553,7 @@ func createManagementServer(cfg *CombinedConfig, mgmtConfig *nbconfig.Config) (m
 }
 
 // createCombinedHandler creates an HTTP handler that multiplexes Management, Signal (via wsproxy), and Relay WebSocket traffic
-func createCombinedHandler(grpcServer *grpc.Server, httpHandler http.Handler, idpHandler http.Handler, relaySrv *relayServer.Server, meter metric.Meter, cfg *CombinedConfig) http.Handler {
+func createCombinedHandler(grpcServer *grpc.Server, httpHandler, idpHandler http.Handler, relaySrv *relayServer.Server, meter metric.Meter, cfg *CombinedConfig) http.Handler {
 	wsProxy := wsproxyserver.New(grpcServer, wsproxyserver.WithOTelMeter(meter))
 
 	var relayAcceptFn func(conn listener.Conn)

encryption/testprotos/generate.sh

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
-protoc -I testprotos/ testprotos/testproto.proto --go_out=.
+protoc -I testprotos/ testprotos/testproto.proto --go_out=.

flow/proto/generate.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -e
 
 if ! which realpath > /dev/null 2>&1

integration_tests/management/network_map_db/network_router_test.go

@@ -19,6 +19,14 @@ func TestGetNetworkRouters(t *testing.T) {
 	execQuery(t, ctx,
 		`insert into network_routers (id, account_id, public_id, peer, network_id, masquerade, metric, enabled, peer_groups)
 		VALUES('test-nr-id-2','account-1','public-id-2','','network-id-2',TRUE,333,TRUE,'["group-two-resources-id","group-no-resources-id"]')`)
+	// empty peer_groups
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into network_routers (id, account_id, public_id, peer, network_id, masquerade, metric, enabled, peer_groups)
+		VALUES('test-nr-id-3','account-1','public-id-3','peer-id-3','network-id-3',TRUE,999,TRUE,'[]')`)
+	// nil peer_groups
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into network_routers (id, account_id, public_id, peer, network_id, masquerade, metric, enabled, peer_groups)
+		VALUES('test-nr-id-4','account-1','public-id-4','peer-id-4','network-id-4',TRUE,999,TRUE,null)`)
 
 	routers, err := conn(t, ctx).GetNetworkRouters(ctx, "account-1")
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -30,4 +38,8 @@ func TestGetNetworkRouters(t *testing.T) {
 		map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{
 			"peer-id-2": {PublicID: "public-id-2", Masquerade: true, Metric: 333, Enabled: true, PeerGroups: []string{"group-two-resources-id", "group-no-resources-id"}},
 			"peer-id-3": {PublicID: "public-id-2", Masquerade: true, Metric: 333, Enabled: true, PeerGroups: []string{"group-two-resources-id", "group-no-resources-id"}}})
+	assert.Equal(t, routers["network-id-3"],
+		map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{"peer-id-3": {PublicID: "public-id-3", Masquerade: true, Metric: 999, Enabled: true, PeerGroups: []string{}}})
+	assert.Equal(t, routers["network-id-4"],
+		map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{"peer-id-4": {PublicID: "public-id-4", Masquerade: true, Metric: 999, Enabled: true, PeerGroups: nil}})
 }

integration_tests/management/network_map_db/user_test.go

@@ -21,6 +21,14 @@ func TestGetAllowedUsers(t *testing.T) {
 	execQuery(t, ctx,
 		`insert into users (id, name, account_id, auto_groups, blocked, is_service_user)
 		VALUES('user-3','user-3','account-1','["group-two-resources-id"]',false,false)`)
+	// empty auto_groups; shouldn't error out
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into users (id, name, account_id, auto_groups, blocked, is_service_user)
+		VALUES('user-31','user-31','account-1','[]',false,false)`)
+	// null auto_groups; shouldn't error out
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into users (id, name, account_id, auto_groups, blocked, is_service_user)
+		VALUES('user-32','user-32','account-1',null,false,false)`)
 	// shouldn't be included as it's blocked
 	execQuery(t, ctx,
 		`insert into users (id, name, account_id, auto_groups, blocked, is_service_user)
@@ -43,15 +51,17 @@ func TestGetAllowedUsers(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, userIdx, map[string]struct{}{
-		"user-1": {},
+		"user-1":  {},
-		"user-2": {},
+		"user-2":  {},
-		"user-3": {},
+		"user-3":  {},
+		"user-31": {},
+		"user-32": {},
 	})
 	assert.Equal(t, groupIdToUserIds, map[string][]string{
 		"group-one-resource-id":  {"user-1", "user-2"},
 		"group-two-resources-id": {"user-2", "user-3"},
-		"all-group-1":            {"user-1", "user-2", "user-3"},
+		"all-group-1":            {"user-1", "user-2", "user-3", "user-31", "user-32"},
-		"all-group-2":            {"user-1", "user-2", "user-3"},
+		"all-group-2":            {"user-1", "user-2", "user-3", "user-31", "user-32"},
-		"all-group-3":            {"user-1", "user-2", "user-3"},
+		"all-group-3":            {"user-1", "user-2", "user-3", "user-31", "user-32"},
 	})
 }

management/cmd/management.go

@@ -236,6 +236,9 @@ func ApplyEmbeddedIdPConfig(ctx context.Context, cfg *nbconfig.Config) error {
 		// Embedded IdP requires single account mode - multiple account mode is not supported
 		return fmt.Errorf("embedded IdP requires single account mode; multiple account mode is not supported with embedded IdP. Please remove --disable-single-account-mode flag")
 	}
+	if mgmtSingleAccModeDomain == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("embedded IdP requires single account mode; --single-account-mode-domain must not be empty")
+	}
 	// Enable user deletion from IDP by default if EmbeddedIdP is enabled
 	userDeleteFromIDPEnabled = true
 

management/cmd/management_test.go

@@ -5,8 +5,12 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/grpc"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	nbconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/grpc"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -60,6 +64,22 @@ func Test_LoadMgmtConfig_Empty(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Nil(t, cfg.PerAccountHighestSupportedSyncMessageVersion)
 }
 
+func TestApplyEmbeddedIdPConfigRequiresSingleAccountDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	previousDomain := mgmtSingleAccModeDomain
+	previousDisabled := disableSingleAccMode
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		mgmtSingleAccModeDomain = previousDomain
+		disableSingleAccMode = previousDisabled
+	})
+
+	mgmtSingleAccModeDomain = ""
+	disableSingleAccMode = false
+	cfg := &nbconfig.Config{
+		EmbeddedIdP: &idp.EmbeddedIdPConfig{Enabled: true},
+	}
+	require.ErrorContains(t, ApplyEmbeddedIdPConfig(context.Background(), cfg), "embedded IdP requires single account mode")
+}
+
 func createConfig(config string) (string, error) {
 	tmpfile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "config.json")
 	if err != nil {

management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/manager_test.go

@@ -7,11 +7,10 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	cachestore "github.com/eko/gocache/lib/v4/store"
-	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/noop"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
 	proxymanager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager"
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
 )
 
-func testCacheStore(t *testing.T) cachestore.StoreInterface {
+func testCacheStore(t *testing.T) nbcache.Store {
 	t.Helper()
 	s, err := nbcache.NewStore(context.Background(), 30*time.Minute, 10*time.Minute, 100)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -295,6 +294,7 @@ func TestPersistNewService(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, status.AlreadyExists, sErr.Type())
 	})
 }
+
 func TestPreserveExistingAuthSecrets(t *testing.T) {
 	mgr := &Manager{}
 

management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/service.go

@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ const (
 	SourceEphemeral = "ephemeral"
 )
 
+var ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost = errors.New("unsupported ip address for a direct upstream host")
+
 type TargetOptions struct {
 	SkipTLSVerify      bool              `json:"skip_tls_verify"`
 	RequestTimeout     time.Duration     `json:"request_timeout,omitempty"`
@@ -388,6 +390,7 @@ func (s *Service) ToProtoMapping(operation Operation, authToken string, oidcConf
 
 	if s.Auth.BearerAuth != nil && s.Auth.BearerAuth.Enabled {
 		auth.Oidc = true
+		auth.AllowedGroupIds = append([]string(nil), s.Auth.BearerAuth.DistributionGroups...)
 	}
 
 	for _, h := range s.Auth.HeaderAuths {
@@ -961,8 +964,8 @@ func (s *Service) validateHTTPTargets() error {
 				return err
 			}
 		case TargetTypeSubnet:
-			if target.Host == "" {
+			if err := validateSubnetTarget(i, target); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("target %d has empty host but target_type is %q", i, target.TargetType)
+				return err
 			}
 		case TargetTypeCluster:
 			if err := validateClusterTarget(i, target); err != nil {
@@ -985,6 +988,34 @@ func (s *Service) validateHTTPTargets() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func validateSubnetTarget(idx int, target *Target) error {
+	host := strings.TrimSpace(target.Host)
+	if host == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("target %d has empty host but target_type is %q", idx, target.TargetType)
+	}
+	if strings.ContainsAny(host, " \t/") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("target %d: host %q contains invalid characters", idx, host)
+	}
+	if _, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(host); err == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("target %d: host %q must not include a port (set target.port instead)", idx, host)
+	}
+	noBrackets := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(host, "["), "]")
+	maybeip, err := netip.ParseAddr(noBrackets)
+	if err != nil { // not an ip
+		return nil //nolint:nilerr
+	}
+	if maybeip.Zone() != "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid direct upstream host ip %s %w", maybeip.String(), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	}
+	if !target.Options.DirectUpstream {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if maybeip.IsLoopback() || maybeip.IsMulticast() || maybeip.IsLinkLocalUnicast() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid direct upstream host ip %s %w", maybeip.String(), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // validateClusterTarget cluster targets should not have empty hosts and should have direct upstream enabled.
 func validateClusterTarget(idx int, target *Target) error {
 	host := strings.TrimSpace(target.Host)
@@ -1019,6 +1050,15 @@ func validateDirectUpstreamHost(idx int, target *Target) error {
 	if _, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(host); err == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("target %d: host %q must not include a port (set target.port instead)", idx, host)
 	}
+	noBrackets := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(host, "["), "]")
+	maybeip, err := netip.ParseAddr(noBrackets)
+	if err != nil { // not an ip
+		return nil //nolint:nilerr
+	}
+	if maybeip.Zone() != "" || maybeip.IsLoopback() || maybeip.IsMulticast() || maybeip.IsLinkLocalUnicast() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid direct upstream host ip %s %w", maybeip.String(), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 

management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/service_test.go

@@ -216,6 +216,64 @@ func TestValidateTargetOptions_CustomHeaders(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestValidate_DirectUpstreamHost(t *testing.T) {
+	target := Target{TargetId: "id-1", TargetType: TargetTypePeer, Host: "10.0.0.1", Port: 80, Protocol: "http", Enabled: true, Options: TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}}
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "127.0.0.2")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "127.0.0.2:80")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "::1")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "::1%lo0")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[::1]")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[::1]:80")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[::1%lo0]")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[::1%lo0]:80")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "169.254.100.100")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "fe80::1")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[fe80::1]")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "224.100.100.100")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "ff00::ffff")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[ff00::ffff]")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+
+	// empty host
+	assert.Nil(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, &Target{Options: TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}, Host: "   "}))
+	// host with a space
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, &Target{Options: TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}, Host: "with space"}))
+	// host with a tab
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, &Target{Options: TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}, Host: "with\ttab"}))
+	// host with a slash
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, &Target{Options: TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}, Host: "with/slash"}))
+}
+
+func TestValidate_ValidateSubnetTarget(t *testing.T) {
+	target := Target{TargetId: "id-1", TargetType: TargetTypeSubnet, Host: "10.0.0.1", Port: 80, Protocol: "http", Enabled: true, Options: TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}}
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "127.0.0.2")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "127.0.0.2:80")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "::1")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[::1]:80")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "::1%lo0")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[::1%lo0]")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[::1%lo0]:80")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "169.254.100.100")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "fe80::1")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[fe80::1]")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "224.100.100.100")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "ff00::ffff")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[ff00::ffff]")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+
+	// empty host
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, &Target{Options: TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}, Host: "   "}))
+	// host with a space
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, &Target{Options: TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}, Host: "with space"}))
+	// host with a tab
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, &Target{Options: TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}, Host: "with\ttab"}))
+	// host with a slash
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, &Target{Options: TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}, Host: "with/slash"}))
+}
+
+func targetWithHost(t *Target, host string) *Target {
+	t.Host = host
+	return t
+}
+
 func TestToProtoMapping_TargetOptions(t *testing.T) {
 	rp := &Service{
 		ID:        "svc-1",
@@ -250,6 +308,44 @@ func TestToProtoMapping_TargetOptions(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(30), opts.RequestTimeout.Seconds)
 }
 
+// TestToProtoMapping_AllowedGroupIds covers the list the proxy gates session
+// cookies on: without it the proxy can only check a cookie's signature, which
+// makes a token minted for a user outside the groups a bearer credential.
+func TestToProtoMapping_AllowedGroupIds(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("distribution groups reach the proxy", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rp := &Service{
+			ID:        "svc-1",
+			AccountID: "acc-1",
+			Domain:    "example.com",
+			Auth: AuthConfig{
+				BearerAuth: &BearerAuthConfig{
+					Enabled:            true,
+					DistributionGroups: []string{"grp-1", "grp-2"},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		pm := rp.ToProtoMapping(Create, "token", proxy.OIDCValidationConfig{})
+
+		assert.True(t, pm.GetAuth().GetOidc())
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-1", "grp-2"}, pm.GetAuth().GetAllowedGroupIds())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("a service open to the account carries no groups", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rp := &Service{
+			ID:        "svc-1",
+			AccountID: "acc-1",
+			Domain:    "example.com",
+			Auth: AuthConfig{
+				BearerAuth: &BearerAuthConfig{Enabled: true},
+			},
+		}
+		pm := rp.ToProtoMapping(Create, "token", proxy.OIDCValidationConfig{})
+
+		assert.True(t, pm.GetAuth().GetOidc())
+		assert.Empty(t, pm.GetAuth().GetAllowedGroupIds(), "an empty list must not restrict access")
+	})
+}
+
 func TestToProtoMapping_NoOptionsWhenDefault(t *testing.T) {
 	rp := &Service{
 		ID:        "svc-1",

management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/dns.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ const (
 	from zones
 	left join records as r on r.zone_id = zones.id
 	where zones.account_id=$1 and zones.enabled
+	order by zones.id
 	`
 )
 

management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/network_router.go

@@ -11,9 +11,11 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
+	// Outer join: a groupless router must survive.
 	GetNetworkRouterQuery = `
 	select public_id, peer, network_id, masquerade, metric, enabled, peer_groups, group_peers.peer_id
-	from network_routers, json_each(peer_groups)
+	from network_routers
+	left join json_each(network_routers.peer_groups) on true
 	left join group_peers on group_peers.account_id=? and group_peers.group_id=json_each.value
 	where network_routers.account_id=?
 	`

management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/user.go

@@ -42,17 +42,20 @@ func (sc *SqliteStoreConn) GetAllowedUsers(ctx context.Context, accountId string
 	userIdIdx := make(map[string]struct{})
 	groupIdToUserIds := make(map[string][]string)
 	for _, user := range users {
+		for _, allgid := range allGroupIds {
+			groupIdToUserIds[allgid] = append(groupIdToUserIds[allgid], user.ID)
+		}
+		userIdIdx[user.ID] = struct{}{}
 		autogroups := make([]string, 0)
+		if user.AutoGroups == nil {
+			continue
+		}
 		if err := json.Unmarshal(user.AutoGroups, &autogroups); err != nil {
 			return nil, nil, err
 		}
-		userIdIdx[user.ID] = struct{}{}
 		for _, groupId := range autogroups {
 			groupIdToUserIds[groupId] = append(groupIdToUserIds[groupId], user.ID)
 		}
-		for _, allgid := range allGroupIds {
-			groupIdToUserIds[allgid] = append(groupIdToUserIds[allgid], user.ID)
-		}
 	}
 
 	return userIdIdx, groupIdToUserIds, nil

management/internals/server/boot.go

@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
 
-	cachestore "github.com/eko/gocache/lib/v4/store"
-
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/encryption"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/formatter/hook"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork"
@@ -75,8 +73,8 @@ func (s *BaseServer) Metrics() telemetry.AppMetrics {
 
 // CacheStore returns a shared cache store backed by Redis or in-memory depending on the environment.
 // All consumers should reuse this store to avoid creating multiple Redis connections.
-func (s *BaseServer) CacheStore() cachestore.StoreInterface {
+func (s *BaseServer) CacheStore() nbcache.Store {
-	return Create(s, func() cachestore.StoreInterface {
+	return Create(s, func() nbcache.Store {
 		cs, err := nbcache.NewStore(context.Background(), nbcache.DefaultStoreMaxTimeout, nbcache.DefaultStoreCleanupInterval, nbcache.DefaultStoreMaxConn)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Fatalf("failed to create shared cache store: %v", err)

management/internals/shared/grpc/pkce_verifier.go

@@ -5,22 +5,23 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/eko/gocache/lib/v4/cache"
 	"github.com/eko/gocache/lib/v4/store"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	nbcache "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
 )
 
 // PKCEVerifierStore manages PKCE verifiers for OAuth flows.
 // Supports both in-memory and Redis storage via NB_IDP_CACHE_REDIS_ADDRESS env var.
 type PKCEVerifierStore struct {
-	cache *cache.Cache[string]
+	cache nbcache.Store
 	ctx   context.Context
 }
 
 // NewPKCEVerifierStore creates a PKCE verifier store using the provided shared cache store.
-func NewPKCEVerifierStore(ctx context.Context, cacheStore store.StoreInterface) *PKCEVerifierStore {
+func NewPKCEVerifierStore(ctx context.Context, cacheStore nbcache.Store) *PKCEVerifierStore {
 	return &PKCEVerifierStore{
-		cache: cache.New[string](cacheStore),
+		cache: cacheStore,
 		ctx:   ctx,
 	}
 }
@@ -40,14 +41,14 @@ func (s *PKCEVerifierStore) Store(state, verifier string, ttl time.Duration) err
 // Returns the verifier and true if found, or empty string and false if not found.
 // This enforces single-use semantics for PKCE verifiers.
 func (s *PKCEVerifierStore) LoadAndDelete(state string) (string, bool) {
-	verifier, err := s.cache.Get(s.ctx, state)
+	verifier, found, err := s.cache.GetDel(s.ctx, state)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("PKCE verifier not found for state")
+		log.Warnf("Failed to consume PKCE verifier: %v", err)
 		return "", false
 	}
-
+	if !found {
-	if err := s.cache.Delete(s.ctx, state); err != nil {
+		log.Debug("PKCE verifier not found for state")
-		log.Warnf("Failed to delete PKCE verifier for state: %v", err)
+		return "", false
 	}
 
 	return verifier, true

management/internals/shared/grpc/pkce_verifier_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package grpc
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestPKCEVerifierStoreLoadAndDelete(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		state    = "state"
+		verifier = "verifier"
+		attempts = 64
+	)
+
+	t.Run("exactly one concurrent caller consumes the verifier", func(t *testing.T) {
+		store := NewPKCEVerifierStore(context.Background(), testCacheStore(t))
+		if err := store.Store(state, verifier, time.Minute); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("couldn't store PKCE verifier: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		start := make(chan struct{})
+		type result struct {
+			verifier string
+			found    bool
+		}
+		results := make(chan result, attempts)
+		for range attempts {
+			go func() {
+				<-start
+				verifier, found := store.LoadAndDelete(state)
+				results <- result{verifier: verifier, found: found}
+			}()
+		}
+		close(start)
+
+		winners := 0
+		for range attempts {
+			result := <-results
+			if result.found {
+				winners++
+				if result.verifier != verifier {
+					t.Fatalf("unexpected verifier: got %q, expected %q", result.verifier, verifier)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if winners != 1 {
+			t.Fatalf("expected exactly one PKCE verifier consumer, got %d", winners)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("replayed state is rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		store := NewPKCEVerifierStore(context.Background(), testCacheStore(t))
+		if err := store.Store(state, verifier, time.Minute); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("couldn't store PKCE verifier: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		if got, found := store.LoadAndDelete(state); !found || got != verifier {
+			t.Fatalf("first load should return the verifier, got %q, found %t", got, found)
+		}
+		if got, found := store.LoadAndDelete(state); found {
+			t.Fatalf("replayed state should not resolve, got %q", got)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unknown state is rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		store := NewPKCEVerifierStore(context.Background(), testCacheStore(t))
+
+		if got, found := store.LoadAndDelete("never-stored"); found {
+			t.Fatalf("unknown state should not resolve, got %q", got)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("expired verifier is rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		store := NewPKCEVerifierStore(context.Background(), testCacheStore(t))
+		if err := store.Store(state, verifier, 50*time.Millisecond); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("couldn't store PKCE verifier: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+		if got, found := store.LoadAndDelete(state); found {
+			t.Fatalf("expired verifier should not resolve, got %q", got)
+		}
+	})
+}

management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy.go

@@ -1651,6 +1651,10 @@ var (
 	// ErrUserBlocked reports a blocked user, who may not hold a proxy session.
 	ErrUserBlocked = errors.New("user blocked")
 
+	// ErrUserNotInGroup reports a user outside the service's distribution
+	// groups, who may not hold a proxy session for it.
+	ErrUserNotInGroup = errors.New("user not in allowed groups")
+
 	errUserUnresolved = errors.New("user could not be resolved")
 )
 
@@ -1689,8 +1693,10 @@ func sameAccount(userAccountID, serviceAccountID string) bool {
 // GenerateSessionToken creates a signed session JWT for the given domain and
 // user. The user's group memberships are embedded in the token so policy-aware
 // middlewares on the proxy can authorise without an extra management round-trip.
-// A user the store cannot resolve, or whose account is pending approval or
+// A user the store cannot resolve, whose account is pending approval or blocked,
-// blocked, gets no token at all, so the browser never receives a session cookie.
+// or who is outside the service's distribution groups, gets no token at all: the
+// token is a bearer credential for the service, so authorisation has to run
+// before it is signed rather than only when the proxy presents it back.
 func (s *ProxyServiceServer) GenerateSessionToken(ctx context.Context, domain, userID string, method proxyauth.Method) (string, error) {
 	service, err := s.getServiceByDomain(ctx, domain)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1726,6 +1732,14 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) GenerateSessionToken(ctx context.Context, domain, u
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("session token for user %s: %w", userID, err)
 	}
 
+	if err := s.checkGroupAccess(service, user); err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).WithFields(log.Fields{
+			"domain":  domain,
+			"user_id": userID,
+		}).Debug("GenerateSessionToken: user not in the service's distribution groups")
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("session token for user %s: %w", userID, ErrUserNotInGroup)
+	}
+
 	groupIDs, groupNames := pairGroupIDsAndNames(userGroups)
 
 	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(

management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_test.go

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	cachestore "github.com/eko/gocache/lib/v4/store"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 )
 
-func testCacheStore(t *testing.T) cachestore.StoreInterface {
+func testCacheStore(t *testing.T) nbcache.Store {
 	t.Helper()
 	s, err := nbcache.NewStore(context.Background(), 30*time.Minute, 10*time.Minute, 100)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

management/internals/shared/grpc/server.go

@@ -247,17 +247,8 @@ func (s *Server) Sync(req *proto.EncryptedMessage, srv proto.ManagementService_S
 	sRealIP := realIP.String()
 	peerMeta := extractPeerMeta(ctx, syncReq.GetMeta())
 
-	userID, err := s.accountManager.GetUserIDByPeerKey(ctx, peerKey.String())
-	if err != nil {
-		s.syncSem.Add(-1)
-		if errStatus, ok := internalStatus.FromError(err); ok && errStatus.Type() == internalStatus.NotFound {
-			return status.Errorf(codes.PermissionDenied, "peer is not registered")
-		}
-		return mapError(ctx, err)
-	}
-
 	metahashed := metaHash(peerMeta)
-	if userID == "" && !s.loginFilter.allowLogin(peerKey.String(), metahashed) {
+	if !s.loginFilter.allowLogin(peerKey.String(), metahashed) {
 		if s.appMetrics != nil {
 			s.appMetrics.GRPCMetrics().CountSyncRequestBlocked()
 		}

management/internals/shared/grpc/validate_session_test.go

@@ -431,6 +431,57 @@ func TestValidateSession_MissingToken(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, resp.DeniedReason, "missing")
 }
 
+// TestGenerateSessionToken_UserNotInAllowedGroupGetsNoToken is the regression
+// guard for the group-authorisation bypass: the callback used to hand a signed
+// token to a user the service denies, and the proxy honoured that token as soon
+// as the user moved it into the nb_session cookie themselves. Authorisation has
+// to run before the token is signed.
+func TestGenerateSessionToken_UserNotInAllowedGroupGetsNoToken(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupValidateSessionTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	token, err := setup.proxyService.GenerateSessionToken(context.Background(), "restricted-proxy.example.com", "nonGroupUserId", auth.MethodOIDC)
+
+	require.Error(t, err, "a user outside the distribution groups must not receive a token")
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUserNotInGroup, "the callback maps this sentinel onto the access denied page")
+	assert.Empty(t, token, "no token may reach the browser")
+}
+
+func TestGenerateSessionToken_UserInAllowedGroupGetsTokenWithGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupValidateSessionTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	svc, err := setup.store.GetServiceByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "testAccountId", "restrictedProxyId")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	token, err := setup.proxyService.GenerateSessionToken(ctx, "restricted-proxy.example.com", "allowedUserId", auth.MethodOIDC)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, token)
+
+	pubKey, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(svc.SessionPublicKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	userID, _, method, groups, _, err := auth.ValidateSessionJWT(token, "restricted-proxy.example.com", pubKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "allowedUserId", userID)
+	assert.Equal(t, auth.MethodOIDC.String(), method)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"allowedGroupId"}, groups, "the proxy gates the cookie on this claim, so it must carry the matched group")
+}
+
+// TestGenerateSessionToken_UnrestrictedServiceAllowsAnyAccountUser keeps the new
+// gate scoped: a service without distribution groups is open to every user of
+// its account, as before.
+func TestGenerateSessionToken_UnrestrictedServiceAllowsAnyAccountUser(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupValidateSessionTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	token, err := setup.proxyService.GenerateSessionToken(context.Background(), "test-proxy.example.com", "nonGroupUserId", auth.MethodOIDC)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err, "an unrestricted service must keep working for any user of the account")
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, token)
+}
+
 type testValidateSessionServiceManager struct {
 	store store.Store
 }

management/server/account.go

@@ -14,10 +14,6 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/job"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth"
-
 	cacheStore "github.com/eko/gocache/lib/v4/store"
 	"github.com/eko/gocache/store/redis/v4"
 	"github.com/rs/xid"
@@ -29,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/formatter/hook"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/idp/dex"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
 	nbconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
@@ -39,6 +36,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/port_forwarding"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/job"
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/permissions"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/permissions/modules"
@@ -50,6 +48,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/util"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth"
 	nbdomain "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
@@ -238,6 +237,10 @@ func BuildManager(
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Error(err)
 	}
 
+	if IsEmbeddedIdp(idpManager) && accountsCounter > 1 {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("embedded IdP requires a single account, found %d", accountsCounter)
+	}
+
 	// enable single account mode only if configured by user and number of existing accounts is not grater than 1
 	am.singleAccountMode = singleAccountModeDomain != "" && accountsCounter <= 1
 	if am.singleAccountMode {
@@ -716,8 +719,10 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) schedulePeerLoginExpiration(ctx context.Context
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("peer login expiration job for account %s is already scheduled", accountID)
 		return
 	}
+	// The job outlives the request that arms it, so it must not inherit the request's cancellation.
+	jobCtx := context.WithoutCancel(ctx)
 	if nextRun, ok := am.getNextPeerExpiration(ctx, accountID); ok {
-		go am.peerLoginExpiry.Schedule(ctx, nextRun, accountID, am.peerLoginExpirationJob(ctx, accountID))
+		go am.peerLoginExpiry.Schedule(jobCtx, nextRun, accountID, am.peerLoginExpirationJob(jobCtx, accountID))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -749,8 +754,9 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) peerInactivityExpirationJob(ctx context.Context
 // checkAndSchedulePeerInactivityExpiration periodically checks for inactive peers to end their sessions
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) checkAndSchedulePeerInactivityExpiration(ctx context.Context, accountID string) {
 	am.peerInactivityExpiry.Cancel(ctx, []string{accountID})
+	jobCtx := context.WithoutCancel(ctx)
 	if nextRun, ok := am.getNextInactivePeerExpiration(ctx, accountID); ok {
-		go am.peerInactivityExpiry.Schedule(ctx, nextRun, accountID, am.peerInactivityExpirationJob(ctx, accountID))
+		go am.peerInactivityExpiry.Schedule(jobCtx, nextRun, accountID, am.peerInactivityExpirationJob(jobCtx, accountID))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1592,7 +1598,10 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) updateUserAuthWithSingleMode(ctx context.Contex
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	userAuth.Domain = domain
+	// Keep the configured single account domain when the existing account has none
+	if domain != "" {
+		userAuth.Domain = domain
+	}
 
 	log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("overriding JWT Domain and DomainCategory claims since single account mode is enabled")
 	return nil
@@ -1837,6 +1846,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) getAccountIDWithAuthorizationClaims(ctx context
 
 	return am.addNewPrivateAccount(ctx, domainAccountID, userAuth)
 }
+
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) getPrivateDomainWithGlobalLock(ctx context.Context, domain string) (string, context.CancelFunc, error) {
 	domainAccountID, err := am.Store.GetAccountIDByPrivateDomain(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, domain)
 	if handleNotFound(err) != nil {

management/server/account_test.go

@@ -1920,6 +1920,154 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_MarkPeerConnected_PeerLoginExpiration(t *testing.
 	}
 }
 
+func TestDefaultAccountManager_SchedulePeerLoginExpiration_IncludesOfflinePeers(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, updateManager, err := createManager(t)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to create account manager")
+
+	accountID, err := manager.GetAccountIDByUserID(context.Background(), auth.UserAuth{UserId: userID})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to create an account")
+
+	connectedKey, offlineKey := addExpiringPeers(t, manager)
+	_, err = manager.UpdateAccountSettings(context.Background(), accountID, userID, &types.Settings{
+		PeerLoginExpiration:        time.Hour,
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+		Extra:                      &types.ExtraSettings{},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "expecting to update account settings successfully but got error")
+	manager.peerLoginExpiry.CancelAll(context.Background())
+
+	// The connected peer logged in just now, so a job computed from connected peers alone
+	// would be armed for an hour. The offline peer's login expires in two seconds; a
+	// reconnect of that peer must not have to wait for the connected peer's tick.
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	setPeerLogin(t, manager, accountID, connectedKey, true, now)
+	setPeerLogin(t, manager, accountID, offlineKey, false, now.Add(-time.Hour+2*time.Second))
+
+	offlinePeer, err := manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, offlineKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	updateManager.CreateChannel(context.Background(), offlinePeer.ID)
+
+	manager.peerLoginExpiry = NewDefaultScheduler()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { manager.peerLoginExpiry.CancelAll(context.Background()) })
+	manager.schedulePeerLoginExpiration(context.Background(), accountID)
+
+	// The flag is committed per peer before the disconnect fans out, so wait for both.
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		peer, err := manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, offlineKey)
+		return err == nil && peer.Status.LoginExpired && !updateManager.HasChannel(offlinePeer.ID)
+	}, 10*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond, "offline peer should be expired and disconnected at its own deadline")
+
+	connectedPeer, err := manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, connectedKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, connectedPeer.Status.LoginExpired, "connected peer with a fresh login must not expire")
+}
+
+func TestDefaultAccountManager_SchedulePeerLoginExpiration_DetachesRequestContext(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, _, err := createManager(t)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to create account manager")
+
+	accountID, err := manager.GetAccountIDByUserID(context.Background(), auth.UserAuth{UserId: userID})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to create an account")
+	connectedKey, _ := addExpiringPeers(t, manager)
+	setPeerLogin(t, manager, accountID, connectedKey, true, time.Now().UTC())
+
+	scheduled := make(chan context.Context, 1)
+	manager.peerLoginExpiry = &MockScheduler{
+		IsSchedulerRunningFunc: func(string) bool { return false },
+		ScheduleFunc: func(ctx context.Context, _ time.Duration, _ string, _ func() (time.Duration, bool)) {
+			scheduled <- ctx
+		},
+	}
+
+	requestCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	manager.schedulePeerLoginExpiration(requestCtx, accountID)
+	cancel()
+
+	select {
+	case jobCtx := <-scheduled:
+		assert.NoError(t, jobCtx.Err(), "the expiration job must outlive the request that armed it")
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout while waiting for the job to be scheduled")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDefaultAccountManager_ExpireAndUpdatePeers_SkipsPeerThatLoggedInAgain(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, updateManager, err := createManager(t)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to create account manager")
+
+	accountID, err := manager.GetAccountIDByUserID(context.Background(), auth.UserAuth{UserId: userID})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to create an account")
+
+	reloggedKey, staleKey := addExpiringPeers(t, manager)
+	_, err = manager.UpdateAccountSettings(context.Background(), accountID, userID, &types.Settings{
+		PeerLoginExpiration:        time.Hour,
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+		Extra:                      &types.ExtraSettings{},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "expecting to update account settings successfully but got error")
+	manager.peerLoginExpiry.CancelAll(context.Background())
+
+	expiredLogin := time.Now().UTC().Add(-2 * time.Hour)
+	setPeerLogin(t, manager, accountID, reloggedKey, true, expiredLogin)
+	setPeerLogin(t, manager, accountID, staleKey, true, expiredLogin)
+
+	expiredPeers, err := manager.getExpiredPeers(context.Background(), accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, expiredPeers, 2, "both peers should be due for expiration")
+
+	// The job holds the candidate list while one peer completes a fresh login, which
+	// moves its deadline into the future and must win over the stale candidate entry.
+	setPeerLogin(t, manager, accountID, reloggedKey, true, time.Now().UTC())
+
+	reloggedPeer, err := manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, reloggedKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	stalePeer, err := manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, staleKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	updateManager.CreateChannel(context.Background(), reloggedPeer.ID)
+	updateManager.CreateChannel(context.Background(), stalePeer.ID)
+
+	err = manager.expireAndUpdatePeers(context.Background(), accountID, expiredPeers, peerExpirationSessionExpired)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	reloggedPeer, err = manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, reloggedKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, reloggedPeer.Status.LoginExpired, "a peer that logged in again must not be flagged from the stale candidate list")
+	assert.True(t, reloggedPeer.Status.Connected, "the re-logged peer must keep its connected status")
+	assert.True(t, updateManager.HasChannel(reloggedPeer.ID), "the re-logged peer's update channel must stay open")
+
+	stalePeer, err = manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, staleKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, stalePeer.Status.LoginExpired, "a peer that is still due must be flagged")
+	assert.False(t, updateManager.HasChannel(stalePeer.ID), "the expired peer's update channel must be closed")
+}
+
+// addExpiringPeers registers two SSO peers with login expiration enabled and returns their public keys.
+func addExpiringPeers(t *testing.T, manager *DefaultAccountManager) (string, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	keys := make([]string, 0, 2)
+	for _, hostname := range []string{"connected-peer", "offline-peer"} {
+		key, err := wgtypes.GenerateKey()
+		require.NoError(t, err, "unable to generate WireGuard key")
+		_, _, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
+			Key:                    key.PublicKey().String(),
+			Meta:                   nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: hostname},
+			LoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+		}, false)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "unable to add peer")
+		keys = append(keys, key.PublicKey().String())
+	}
+	return keys[0], keys[1]
+}
+
+func setPeerLogin(t *testing.T, manager *DefaultAccountManager, accountID, peerKey string, connected bool, lastLogin time.Time) {
+	t.Helper()
+	peer, err := manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, peerKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	peer.Status.Connected = connected
+	peer.LastLogin = &lastLogin
+	require.NoError(t, manager.Store.SavePeer(context.Background(), accountID, peer))
+}
+
 func TestDefaultAccountManager_MarkPeerDisconnected_SchedulesInactivityExpiration(t *testing.T) {
 	manager, _, err := createManager(t)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to create account manager")
@@ -2702,7 +2850,7 @@ func TestAccount_GetNextPeerExpiration(t *testing.T) {
 			expectedNextExpiration: time.Duration(0),
 		},
 		{
-			name: "No connected peers, no expiration",
+			name: "Offline peer with expiration, return expiration",
 			peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
 				"peer-1": {
 					Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{
@@ -2721,8 +2869,33 @@ func TestAccount_GetNextPeerExpiration(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expiration:             time.Second,
 			expirationEnabled:      false,
-			expectedNextRun:        false,
+			expectedNextRun:        true,
-			expectedNextExpiration: time.Duration(0),
+			expectedNextExpiration: time.Second,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Offline peer with the earliest deadline defines the next run",
+			peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
+				"peer-1": {
+					Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{
+						Connected: true,
+					},
+					LoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+					LastLogin:              util.ToPtr(time.Now().UTC()),
+					UserID:                 userID,
+				},
+				"peer-2": {
+					Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{
+						Connected: false,
+					},
+					LoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+					LastLogin:              util.ToPtr(time.Now().UTC().Add(-50 * time.Minute)),
+					UserID:                 userID,
+				},
+			},
+			expiration:             time.Hour,
+			expirationEnabled:      true,
+			expectedNextRun:        true,
+			expectedNextExpiration: 10 * time.Minute,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "Connected peers with disabled expiration, no expiration",