Optimize lock usage in proxy connection handling

- Change activeTunnel.conns from slice to map for O(1) add/remove
- Improve lock scoping in UpdateLocalSNIs: use read lock for diff
  computation, minimize write lock hold time
- Move cache invalidation outside lock (go-cache is thread-safe)

.github/workflows/cicd.yml

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@c7c53464625b32c7a7e944ae62b3e17d2b600130 # v3.7.0
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@8d2750c68a42422c14e847fe6c8ac0403b4cbd6f # v3.12.0
 
       - name: Log in to Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
         with:
           registry: docker.io
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_USERNAME }}
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-go@7a3fe6cf4cb3a834922a1244abfce67bcef6a0c5 # v6.2.0
         with:
           go-version: 1.25
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
 
       - name: Login in to GHCR
-        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install cosign
         # cosign is used to sign and verify container images (key and keyless)
-        uses: sigstore/cosign-installer@ba7bc0a3fef59531c69a25acd34668d6d3fe6f22 # v4.1.0
+        uses: sigstore/cosign-installer@faadad0cce49287aee09b3a48701e75088a2c6ad # v4.0.0
 
       - name: Dual-sign and verify (GHCR & Docker Hub)
         # Sign each image by digest using keyless (OIDC) and key-based signing,
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
 
       - name: Upload artifacts from /bin
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
         with:
           name: binaries
           path: bin/

.github/workflows/mirror.yaml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
           skopeo --version
 
       - name: Install cosign
-        uses: sigstore/cosign-installer@ba7bc0a3fef59531c69a25acd34668d6d3fe6f22 # v4.1.0
+        uses: sigstore/cosign-installer@faadad0cce49287aee09b3a48701e75088a2c6ad # v4.0.0
 
       - name: Input check
         run: |

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: amd64-runner
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
 
       - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-go@7a3fe6cf4cb3a834922a1244abfce67bcef6a0c5 # v6.2.0
         with:
           go-version: 1.25
 

Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM golang:1.26-alpine AS builder
+FROM golang:1.25-alpine AS builder
 
 # Set the working directory inside the container
 WORKDIR /app

go.mod

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 module github.com/fosrl/gerbil
 
-go 1.26.0
+go 1.25
 
 require (
 	github.com/patrickmn/go-cache v2.1.0+incompatible
 	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.49.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.46.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.1.0
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6
 )
 
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.7.2 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.51.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.47.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.39.0 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20230325221338-052af4a8072b // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -16,16 +16,16 @@ github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1 h1:3AEMt62VKqz90r0tmNhog0r/PpWKmrEShJU0wJW
 github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1/go.mod h1:ARtKouGSTGchR8aMwmkzC0qiNPrrWO5JS/XMVl45+b4=
 github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5 h1:DfiHV+j8bA32MFM7bfEunvT8IAqQ/NzSJHtcmW5zdEY=
 github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5/go.mod h1:SpkAiCQRtJ6TvvxPnOSyH3BMl6unz3xZlaprSwhNNJM=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.49.0 h1:+Ng2ULVvLHnJ/ZFEq4KdcDd/cfjrrjjNSXNzxg0Y4U4=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.49.0/go.mod h1:ErX4dUh2UM+CFYiXZRTcMpEcN8b/1gxEuv3nODoYtCA=
-golang.org/x/net v0.51.0 h1:94R/GTO7mt3/4wIKpcR5gkGmRLOuE/2hNGeWq/GBIFo=
-golang.org/x/net v0.51.0/go.mod h1:aamm+2QF5ogm02fjy5Bb7CQ0WMt1/WVM7FtyaTLlA9Y=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0 h1:e0PTpb7pjO8GAtTs2dQ6jYa5BWYlMuX047Dco/pItO4=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0/go.mod h1:9xrNwdLfx4jkKbNva9FpL6vEN7evnE43NNNJQ2LF3+0=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.46.0 h1:cKRW/pmt1pKAfetfu+RCEvjvZkA9RimPbh7bhFjGVBU=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.46.0/go.mod h1:Evb/oLKmMraqjZ2iQTwDwvCtJkczlDuTmdJXoZVzqU0=
+golang.org/x/net v0.47.0 h1:Mx+4dIFzqraBXUugkia1OOvlD6LemFo1ALMHjrXDOhY=
+golang.org/x/net v0.47.0/go.mod h1:/jNxtkgq5yWUGYkaZGqo27cfGZ1c5Nen03aYrrKpVRU=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.1.0 h1:wsuoTGHzEhffawBOhz5CYhcrV4IdKZbEyZjBMuTp12o=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.1.0/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.2.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.10.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0 h1:omrd2nAlyT5ESRdCLYdm3+fMfNFE/+Rf4bDIQImRJeo=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.39.0 h1:CvCKL8MeisomCi6qNZ+wbb0DN9E5AATixKsvNtMoMFk=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.39.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20230325221338-052af4a8072b h1:J1CaxgLerRR5lgx3wnr6L04cJFbWoceSK9JWBdglINo=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20230325221338-052af4a8072b/go.mod h1:tqur9LnfstdR9ep2LaJT4lFUl0EjlHtge+gAjmsHUG4=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6 h1:CawjfCvYQH2OU3/TnxLx97WDSUDRABfT18pCOYwc2GE=

main.go

@@ -33,15 +33,16 @@ import (
 )
 
 var (
-	interfaceName string
-	listenAddr    string
-	mtuInt        int
-	lastReadings  = make(map[string]PeerReading)
-	mu            sync.Mutex
-	wgMu          sync.Mutex // Protects WireGuard operations
-	notifyURL     string
-	proxyRelay    *relay.UDPProxyServer
-	proxySNI      *proxy.SNIProxy
+	interfaceName    string
+	listenAddr       string
+	mtuInt           int
+	lastReadings     = make(map[string]PeerReading)
+	mu               sync.Mutex
+	wgMu             sync.Mutex // Protects WireGuard operations
+	notifyURL        string
+	proxyRelay       *relay.UDPProxyServer
+	proxySNI         *proxy.SNIProxy
+	doTrafficShaping bool
 )
 
 type WgConfig struct {
@@ -151,6 +152,7 @@ func main() {
 	localOverridesStr = os.Getenv("LOCAL_OVERRIDES")
 	trustedUpstreamsStr = os.Getenv("TRUSTED_UPSTREAMS")
 	proxyProtocolStr := os.Getenv("PROXY_PROTOCOL")
+	doTrafficShapingStr := os.Getenv("DO_TRAFFIC_SHAPING")
 
 	if interfaceName == "" {
 		flag.StringVar(&interfaceName, "interface", "wg0", "Name of the WireGuard interface")
@@ -222,6 +224,13 @@ func main() {
 		flag.BoolVar(&proxyProtocol, "proxy-protocol", true, "Enable PROXY protocol v1 for preserving client IP")
 	}
 
+	if doTrafficShapingStr != "" {
+		doTrafficShaping = strings.ToLower(doTrafficShapingStr) == "true"
+	}
+	if doTrafficShapingStr == "" {
+		flag.BoolVar(&doTrafficShaping, "do-traffic-shaping", false, "Whether to set up traffic shaping rules for peers (requires tc command and root privileges)")
+	}
+
 	flag.Parse()
 
 	logger.Init()
@@ -886,17 +895,23 @@ func addPeerInternal(peer Peer) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse public key: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	logger.Debug("Adding peer %s with AllowedIPs: %v", peer.PublicKey, peer.AllowedIPs)
+
 	// parse allowed IPs into array of net.IPNet
 	var allowedIPs []net.IPNet
 	var wgIPs []string
 	for _, ipStr := range peer.AllowedIPs {
+		logger.Debug("Parsing AllowedIP: %s", ipStr)
 		_, ipNet, err := net.ParseCIDR(ipStr)
 		if err != nil {
+			logger.Warn("Failed to parse allowed IP '%s' for peer %s: %v", ipStr, peer.PublicKey, err)
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse allowed IP: %v", err)
 		}
 		allowedIPs = append(allowedIPs, *ipNet)
 		// Extract the IP address from the CIDR for relay cleanup
-		wgIPs = append(wgIPs, ipNet.IP.String())
+		extractedIP := ipNet.IP.String()
+		wgIPs = append(wgIPs, extractedIP)
+		logger.Debug("Extracted IP %s from AllowedIP %s", extractedIP, ipStr)
 	}
 
 	peerConfig := wgtypes.PeerConfig{
@@ -912,6 +927,18 @@ func addPeerInternal(peer Peer) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to add peer: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	// Setup bandwidth limiting for each peer IP
+	if doTrafficShaping {
+		logger.Debug("doTrafficShaping is true, setting up bandwidth limits for %d IPs", len(wgIPs))
+		for _, wgIP := range wgIPs {
+			if err := setupPeerBandwidthLimit(wgIP); err != nil {
+				logger.Warn("Failed to setup bandwidth limit for peer IP %s: %v", wgIP, err)
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		logger.Debug("doTrafficShaping is false, skipping bandwidth limit setup")
+	}
+
 	// Clear relay connections for the peer's WireGuard IPs
 	if proxyRelay != nil {
 		for _, wgIP := range wgIPs {
@@ -956,19 +983,17 @@ func removePeerInternal(publicKey string) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse public key: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	// Get current peer info before removing to clear relay connections
+	// Get current peer info before removing to clear relay connections and bandwidth limits
 	var wgIPs []string
-	if proxyRelay != nil {
-		device, err := wgClient.Device(interfaceName)
-		if err == nil {
-			for _, peer := range device.Peers {
-				if peer.PublicKey.String() == publicKey {
-					// Extract WireGuard IPs from this peer's allowed IPs
-					for _, allowedIP := range peer.AllowedIPs {
-						wgIPs = append(wgIPs, allowedIP.IP.String())
-					}
-					break
+	device, err := wgClient.Device(interfaceName)
+	if err == nil {
+		for _, peer := range device.Peers {
+			if peer.PublicKey.String() == publicKey {
+				// Extract WireGuard IPs from this peer's allowed IPs
+				for _, allowedIP := range peer.AllowedIPs {
+					wgIPs = append(wgIPs, allowedIP.IP.String())
 				}
+				break
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -986,6 +1011,15 @@ func removePeerInternal(publicKey string) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove peer: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	// Remove bandwidth limits for each peer IP
+	if doTrafficShaping {
+		for _, wgIP := range wgIPs {
+			if err := removePeerBandwidthLimit(wgIP); err != nil {
+				logger.Warn("Failed to remove bandwidth limit for peer IP %s: %v", wgIP, err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Clear relay connections for the peer's WireGuard IPs
 	if proxyRelay != nil {
 		for _, wgIP := range wgIPs {
@@ -1315,3 +1349,155 @@ func monitorMemory(limit uint64) {
 		time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
 	}
 }
+
+// setupPeerBandwidthLimit sets up TC (Traffic Control) to limit bandwidth for a specific peer IP
+// Currently hardcoded to 20 Mbps per peer
+func setupPeerBandwidthLimit(peerIP string) error {
+	logger.Debug("setupPeerBandwidthLimit called for peer IP: %s", peerIP)
+	const bandwidthLimit = "50mbit" // 50 Mbps limit per peer
+
+	// Parse the IP to get just the IP address (strip any CIDR notation if present)
+	ip := peerIP
+	if strings.Contains(peerIP, "/") {
+		parsedIP, _, err := net.ParseCIDR(peerIP)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse peer IP: %v", err)
+		}
+		ip = parsedIP.String()
+	}
+
+	// First, ensure we have a root qdisc on the interface (HTB - Hierarchical Token Bucket)
+	// Check if qdisc already exists
+	cmd := exec.Command("tc", "qdisc", "show", "dev", interfaceName)
+	output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check qdisc: %v, output: %s", err, string(output))
+	}
+
+	// If no HTB qdisc exists, create one
+	if !strings.Contains(string(output), "htb") {
+		cmd = exec.Command("tc", "qdisc", "add", "dev", interfaceName, "root", "handle", "1:", "htb", "default", "9999")
+		if output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to add root qdisc: %v, output: %s", err, string(output))
+		}
+		logger.Info("Created HTB root qdisc on %s", interfaceName)
+	}
+
+	// Generate a unique class ID based on the IP address
+	// We'll use the last octet of the IP as part of the class ID
+	ipParts := strings.Split(ip, ".")
+	if len(ipParts) != 4 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid IPv4 address: %s", ip)
+	}
+	lastOctet := ipParts[3]
+	classID := fmt.Sprintf("1:%s", lastOctet)
+	logger.Debug("Generated class ID %s for peer IP %s", classID, ip)
+
+	// Create a class for this peer with bandwidth limit
+	cmd = exec.Command("tc", "class", "add", "dev", interfaceName, "parent", "1:", "classid", classID,
+		"htb", "rate", bandwidthLimit, "ceil", bandwidthLimit)
+	if output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		logger.Debug("tc class add failed for %s: %v, output: %s", ip, err, string(output))
+		// If class already exists, try to replace it
+		if strings.Contains(string(output), "File exists") {
+			cmd = exec.Command("tc", "class", "replace", "dev", interfaceName, "parent", "1:", "classid", classID,
+				"htb", "rate", bandwidthLimit, "ceil", bandwidthLimit)
+			if output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to replace class: %v, output: %s", err, string(output))
+			}
+			logger.Debug("Successfully replaced existing class %s for peer IP %s", classID, ip)
+		} else {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to add class: %v, output: %s", err, string(output))
+		}
+	} else {
+		logger.Debug("Successfully added new class %s for peer IP %s", classID, ip)
+	}
+
+	// Add a filter to match traffic from this peer IP (ingress)
+	cmd = exec.Command("tc", "filter", "add", "dev", interfaceName, "protocol", "ip", "parent", "1:",
+		"prio", "1", "u32", "match", "ip", "src", ip, "flowid", classID)
+	if output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		// If filter fails, log but don't fail the peer addition
+		logger.Warn("Failed to add ingress filter for peer IP %s: %v, output: %s", ip, err, string(output))
+	}
+
+	// Add a filter to match traffic to this peer IP (egress)
+	cmd = exec.Command("tc", "filter", "add", "dev", interfaceName, "protocol", "ip", "parent", "1:",
+		"prio", "1", "u32", "match", "ip", "dst", ip, "flowid", classID)
+	if output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		// If filter fails, log but don't fail the peer addition
+		logger.Warn("Failed to add egress filter for peer IP %s: %v, output: %s", ip, err, string(output))
+	}
+
+	logger.Info("Setup bandwidth limit of %s for peer IP %s (class %s)", bandwidthLimit, ip, classID)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// removePeerBandwidthLimit removes TC rules for a specific peer IP
+func removePeerBandwidthLimit(peerIP string) error {
+	// Parse the IP to get just the IP address
+	ip := peerIP
+	if strings.Contains(peerIP, "/") {
+		parsedIP, _, err := net.ParseCIDR(peerIP)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse peer IP: %v", err)
+		}
+		ip = parsedIP.String()
+	}
+
+	// Generate the class ID based on the IP
+	ipParts := strings.Split(ip, ".")
+	if len(ipParts) != 4 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid IPv4 address: %s", ip)
+	}
+	lastOctet := ipParts[3]
+	classID := fmt.Sprintf("1:%s", lastOctet)
+
+	// Remove filters for this IP
+	// List all filters to find the ones for this class
+	cmd := exec.Command("tc", "filter", "show", "dev", interfaceName, "parent", "1:")
+	output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Warn("Failed to list filters for peer IP %s: %v, output: %s", ip, err, string(output))
+	} else {
+		// Parse the output to find filter handles that match this classID
+		// The output format includes lines like:
+		// filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 1 u32 chain 0 fh 800::800 order 2048 key ht 800 bkt 0 flowid 1:4
+		lines := strings.Split(string(output), "\n")
+		for _, line := range lines {
+			// Look for lines containing our flowid (classID)
+			if strings.Contains(line, "flowid "+classID) && strings.Contains(line, "fh ") {
+				// Extract handle (format: fh 800::800)
+				parts := strings.Fields(line)
+				var handle string
+				for j, part := range parts {
+					if part == "fh" && j+1 < len(parts) {
+						handle = parts[j+1]
+						break
+					}
+				}
+				if handle != "" {
+					// Delete this filter using the handle
+					delCmd := exec.Command("tc", "filter", "del", "dev", interfaceName, "parent", "1:", "handle", handle, "prio", "1", "u32")
+					if delOutput, delErr := delCmd.CombinedOutput(); delErr != nil {
+						logger.Debug("Failed to delete filter handle %s for peer IP %s: %v, output: %s", handle, ip, delErr, string(delOutput))
+					} else {
+						logger.Debug("Deleted filter handle %s for peer IP %s", handle, ip)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Remove the class
+	cmd = exec.Command("tc", "class", "del", "dev", interfaceName, "classid", classID)
+	if output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		// It's okay if the class doesn't exist
+		if !strings.Contains(string(output), "No such file or directory") && !strings.Contains(string(output), "Cannot find") {
+			logger.Warn("Failed to remove class for peer IP %s: %v, output: %s", ip, err, string(output))
+		}
+	}
+
+	logger.Info("Removed bandwidth limit for peer IP %s (class %s)", ip, classID)
+	return nil
+}

proxy/proxy.go

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ type SNIProxy struct {
 }
 
 type activeTunnel struct {
-	conns []net.Conn
+	conns map[net.Conn]struct{}
 }
 
 // readOnlyConn is a wrapper for io.Reader that implements net.Conn
@@ -592,26 +592,19 @@ func (p *SNIProxy) handleConnection(clientConn net.Conn) {
 	p.activeTunnelsLock.Lock()
 	tunnel, ok := p.activeTunnels[hostname]
 	if !ok {
-		tunnel = &activeTunnel{}
+		tunnel = &activeTunnel{conns: make(map[net.Conn]struct{})}
 		p.activeTunnels[hostname] = tunnel
 	}
-	tunnel.conns = append(tunnel.conns, actualClientConn)
+	tunnel.conns[actualClientConn] = struct{}{}
 	p.activeTunnelsLock.Unlock()
 
 	defer func() {
-		// Remove this conn from active tunnels
+		// Remove this conn from active tunnels - O(1) with map
 		p.activeTunnelsLock.Lock()
 		if tunnel, ok := p.activeTunnels[hostname]; ok {
-			newConns := make([]net.Conn, 0, len(tunnel.conns))
-			for _, c := range tunnel.conns {
-				if c != actualClientConn {
-					newConns = append(newConns, c)
-				}
-			}
-			if len(newConns) == 0 {
+			delete(tunnel.conns, actualClientConn)
+			if len(tunnel.conns) == 0 {
 				delete(p.activeTunnels, hostname)
-			} else {
-				tunnel.conns = newConns
 			}
 		}
 		p.activeTunnelsLock.Unlock()
@@ -810,32 +803,42 @@ func (p *SNIProxy) ClearCache() {
 
 // UpdateLocalSNIs updates the local SNIs and invalidates cache for changed domains
 func (p *SNIProxy) UpdateLocalSNIs(fullDomains []string) {
-	newSNIs := make(map[string]struct{})
+	newSNIs := make(map[string]struct{}, len(fullDomains))
 	for _, domain := range fullDomains {
 		newSNIs[domain] = struct{}{}
-		// Invalidate any cached route for this domain
-		p.cache.Delete(domain)
 	}
 
-	// Update localSNIs
-	p.localSNIsLock.Lock()
+	// Get old SNIs with read lock to compute diff outside write lock
+	p.localSNIsLock.RLock()
+	oldSNIs := p.localSNIs
+	p.localSNIsLock.RUnlock()
+
+	// Compute removed SNIs outside the lock
 	removed := make([]string, 0)
-	for sni := range p.localSNIs {
+	for sni := range oldSNIs {
 		if _, stillLocal := newSNIs[sni]; !stillLocal {
 			removed = append(removed, sni)
 		}
 	}
+
+	// Swap with minimal write lock hold time
+	p.localSNIsLock.Lock()
 	p.localSNIs = newSNIs
 	p.localSNIsLock.Unlock()
 
+	// Invalidate cache for new domains (cache is thread-safe)
+	for domain := range newSNIs {
+		p.cache.Delete(domain)
+	}
+
 	logger.Debug("Updated local SNIs, added %d, removed %d", len(newSNIs), len(removed))
 
 	// Terminate tunnels for removed SNIs
 	if len(removed) > 0 {
 		p.activeTunnelsLock.Lock()
 		for _, sni := range removed {
-			if tunnels, ok := p.activeTunnels[sni]; ok {
-				for _, conn := range tunnels.conns {
+			if tunnel, ok := p.activeTunnels[sni]; ok {
+				for conn := range tunnel.conns {
 					conn.Close()
 				}
 				delete(p.activeTunnels, sni)