collector: bound MI probe queries in Build with a timeout (#2657)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan-Otto Kröpke <mail@jkroepke.de>

internal/mi/mi_test.go

@@ -772,6 +772,35 @@ func Test_MI_QueryTimeout(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 }
 
+// Test_MI_Session_QueryTimeout checks that the timeout passed to Session.Query,
+// e.g. mi.BuildQueryTimeout, reaches MI and surfaces as the native result.
+func Test_MI_Session_QueryTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	application, err := mi.ApplicationInitialize()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { require.NoError(t, application.Close()) })
+
+	destinationOptions, err := application.NewDestinationOptions()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, destinationOptions.SetLocale(mi.LocaleEnglish))
+
+	session, err := application.NewSession(destinationOptions)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { require.NoError(t, session.Close()) })
+
+	query, err := mi.NewQuery("select * from win32_process")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var processes []win32Process
+
+	err = session.Query(&processes, mi.NamespaceRootCIMv2, query, time.Millisecond)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, mi.MI_RESULT_INVALID_OPERATION_TIMEOUT)
+
+	processes = nil
+
+	require.NoError(t, session.Query(&processes, mi.NamespaceRootCIMv2, query, mi.BuildQueryTimeout))
+	require.NotEmpty(t, processes)
+}
+
 func Test_MI_Query_Uint16Array(t *testing.T) {
 	application, err := mi.ApplicationInitialize()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

internal/mi/session.go

@@ -29,6 +29,12 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
 )
 
+// BuildQueryTimeout bounds the probe queries collectors run in Build. Build
+// has no scrape budget, and a zero timeout sets no MI timeout, so a stalled
+// provider would otherwise block startup. A timed-out query fails with
+// MI_RESULT_INVALID_OPERATION_TIMEOUT. MI ignores timeouts below 1ms.
+const BuildQueryTimeout = 30 * time.Second
+
 // Session represents a session.
 //
 // https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/mi/ns-mi-mi_session