Merge branch 'main' into feature/buf-cli

# Conflicts:
#	client/proto/daemon.pb.go
#	management/proto/management.pb.go

.git-branches.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# More info around this file at https://www.git-town.com/configuration-file
+
+[branches]
+main = "main"
+perennials = []
+perennial-regex = ""
+
+[create]
+new-branch-type = "feature"
+push-new-branches = false
+
+[hosting]
+dev-remote = "origin"
+# platform = ""
+# origin-hostname = ""
+
+[ship]
+delete-tracking-branch = false
+strategy = "squash-merge"
+
+[sync]
+feature-strategy = "merge"
+perennial-strategy = "rebase"
+prototype-strategy = "merge"
+push-hook = true
+tags = true
+upstream = false

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 ## Issue ticket number and link
 
+## Stack
+
+<!-- branch-stack -->
+
 ### Checklist
 - [ ] Is it a bug fix
 - [ ] Is a typo/documentation fix

.github/workflows/git-town.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+name: Git Town
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - '**'
+
+jobs:
+  git-town:
+    name: Display the branch stack
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: write
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: git-town/action@v1
+        with:
+          skip-single-stacks: true

.github/workflows/golang-test-linux.yml

@@ -146,6 +146,65 @@ jobs:
       - name: Test
         run: CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} CI=true go test -tags devcert -exec 'sudo' -timeout 10m -p 1 $(go list ./... | grep -v -e /management -e /signal -e /relay)
 
+  test_client_on_docker:
+    name: "Client (Docker) / Unit"
+    needs: [build-cache]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Install Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: "1.23.x"
+          cache: false
+
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Get Go environment
+        id: go-env
+        run: |
+          echo "cache_dir=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "modcache_dir=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Cache Go modules
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        id: cache-restore
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ${{ steps.go-env.outputs.cache_dir }}
+            ${{ steps.go-env.outputs.modcache_dir }}
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-gotest-cache-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-gotest-cache-
+
+      - name: Run tests in container
+        env:
+          HOST_GOCACHE: ${{ steps.go-env.outputs.cache_dir }}
+          HOST_GOMODCACHE: ${{ steps.go-env.outputs.modcache_dir }}
+        run: |
+          CONTAINER_GOCACHE="/root/.cache/go-build"
+          CONTAINER_GOMODCACHE="/go/pkg/mod"
+
+          docker run --rm \
+            --cap-add=NET_ADMIN \
+            --privileged \
+            -v $PWD:/app \
+            -w /app \
+            -v "${HOST_GOCACHE}:${CONTAINER_GOCACHE}" \
+            -v "${HOST_GOMODCACHE}:${CONTAINER_GOMODCACHE}" \
+            -e CGO_ENABLED=1 \
+            -e CI=true \
+            -e DOCKER_CI=true \
+            -e GOARCH=${GOARCH_TARGET} \
+            -e GOCACHE=${CONTAINER_GOCACHE} \
+            -e GOMODCACHE=${CONTAINER_GOMODCACHE} \
+            golang:1.23-alpine \
+            sh -c ' \
+              apk update; apk add --no-cache \
+                ca-certificates iptables ip6tables dbus dbus-dev libpcap-dev build-base; \
+              go test -buildvcs=false -tags devcert -v -timeout 10m -p 1 $(go list -buildvcs=false ./... | grep -v -e /management -e /signal -e /relay -e /client/ui -e /upload-server)
+            '
+
   test_relay:
     name: "Relay / Unit"
     needs: [build-cache]
@@ -179,13 +238,6 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-gotest-cache-
 
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev gcc-multilib libpcap-dev
-
-      - name: Install 32-bit libpcap
-        if: matrix.arch == '386'
-        run: sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 && sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install -y libpcap0.8-dev:i386
-
       - name: Install modules
         run: go mod tidy
 
@@ -232,13 +284,6 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-gotest-cache-
 
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev gcc-multilib libpcap-dev
-
-      - name: Install 32-bit libpcap
-        if: matrix.arch == '386'
-        run: sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 && sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install -y libpcap0.8-dev:i386
-
       - name: Install modules
         run: go mod tidy
 
@@ -286,13 +331,6 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-gotest-cache-
 
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev gcc-multilib libpcap-dev
-
-      - name: Install 32-bit libpcap
-        if: matrix.arch == '386'
-        run: sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 && sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install -y libpcap0.8-dev:i386
-
       - name: Install modules
         run: go mod tidy
 
@@ -314,6 +352,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |          
           CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} \
           NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} \
+            CI=true \
           go test -tags=devcert \
             -exec "sudo --preserve-env=CI,NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE" \
             -timeout 20m ./management/...
@@ -353,13 +392,6 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-gotest-cache-
 
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev gcc-multilib libpcap-dev
-
-      - name: Install 32-bit libpcap
-        if: matrix.arch == '386'
-        run: sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 && sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install -y libpcap0.8-dev:i386
-
       - name: Install modules
         run: go mod tidy
 
@@ -380,10 +412,11 @@ jobs:
       - name: Test
         run: |
           CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} \
-          NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} CI=true \
+          NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} \
+          CI=true \
           go test -tags devcert -run=^$ -bench=. \
           -exec 'sudo --preserve-env=CI,NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE' \
-          -timeout 20m ./...
+          -timeout 20m ./management/...
 
   api_benchmark:
     name: "Management / Benchmark (API)"
@@ -396,6 +429,33 @@ jobs:
         store: [ 'sqlite', 'postgres' ]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
+      - name: Create Docker network
+        run: docker network create promnet
+
+      - name: Start Prometheus Pushgateway
+        run: docker run -d --name pushgateway --network promnet -p 9091:9091 prom/pushgateway
+
+      - name: Start Prometheus (for Pushgateway forwarding)
+        run: |
+          echo '
+          global:
+            scrape_interval: 15s
+          scrape_configs:
+            - job_name: "pushgateway"
+              static_configs:
+                - targets: ["pushgateway:9091"]
+          remote_write:
+            - url: ${{ secrets.GRAFANA_URL }}
+              basic_auth:
+                username: ${{ secrets.GRAFANA_USER }}
+                password: ${{ secrets.GRAFANA_API_KEY }}
+          ' > prometheus.yml
+
+          docker run -d --name prometheus --network promnet \
+            -v $PWD/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
+            -p 9090:9090 \
+            prom/prometheus
+
       - name: Install Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
@@ -420,13 +480,6 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-gotest-cache-
 
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev gcc-multilib libpcap-dev
-
-      - name: Install 32-bit libpcap
-        if: matrix.arch == '386'
-        run: sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 && sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install -y libpcap0.8-dev:i386
-
       - name: Install modules
         run: go mod tidy
 
@@ -447,11 +500,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Test
         run: |
           CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} \
-          NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} CI=true \
+          NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} \
+          CI=true \
+          GIT_BRANCH=${{ github.ref_name }} \
           go test -tags=benchmark \
             -run=^$ \
             -bench=. \
-            -exec 'sudo --preserve-env=CI,NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE' \
+            -exec 'sudo --preserve-env=CI,NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE,GIT_BRANCH,GITHUB_RUN_ID' \
             -timeout 20m ./management/...
 
   api_integration_test:
@@ -489,13 +544,6 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-gotest-cache-
 
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev gcc-multilib libpcap-dev
-
-      - name: Install 32-bit libpcap
-        if: matrix.arch == '386'
-        run: sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 && sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install -y libpcap0.8-dev:i386
-
       - name: Install modules
         run: go mod tidy
 
@@ -505,89 +553,8 @@ jobs:
       - name: Test
         run: |
           CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} \
-          NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} CI=true \
+          NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} \
+          CI=true \
           go test -tags=integration \
           -exec 'sudo --preserve-env=CI,NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE' \
           -timeout 20m ./management/...
-
-  test_client_on_docker:
-    name: "Client (Docker) / Unit"
-    needs: [ build-cache ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-    steps:
-      - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version: "1.23.x"
-          cache: false
-
-      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Get Go environment
-        run: |
-          echo "cache=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV     
-
-      - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
-        with:
-          path: |
-            ${{ env.cache }}
-            ${{ env.modcache }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-gotest-cache-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-gotest-cache-
-
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev gcc-multilib libpcap-dev
-
-      - name: Install modules
-        run: go mod tidy
-
-      - name: check git status
-        run: git --no-pager diff --exit-code
-
-      - name: Generate Shared Sock Test bin
-        run: CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -c -o sharedsock-testing.bin ./sharedsock
-
-      - name: Generate RouteManager Test bin
-        run: CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -c -o routemanager-testing.bin  ./client/internal/routemanager
-
-      - name: Generate SystemOps Test bin
-        run: CGO_ENABLED=1 go test -c -o systemops-testing.bin -tags netgo -ldflags '-w -extldflags "-static -ldbus-1 -lpcap"' ./client/internal/routemanager/systemops
-
-      - name: Generate nftables Manager Test bin
-        run: CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -c -o nftablesmanager-testing.bin ./client/firewall/nftables/...
-
-      - name: Generate Engine Test bin
-        run: CGO_ENABLED=1 go test -c -o engine-testing.bin ./client/internal
-
-      - name: Generate Peer Test bin
-        run: CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -c -o peer-testing.bin ./client/internal/peer/
-
-      - run: chmod +x *testing.bin
-
-      - name: Run Shared Sock tests in docker
-        run: docker run -t --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --privileged --rm -v $PWD:/ci -w /ci/sharedsock --entrypoint /busybox/sh gcr.io/distroless/base:debug -c /ci/sharedsock-testing.bin -test.timeout 5m -test.parallel 1
-
-      - name: Run Iface tests in docker
-        run: docker run -t --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --privileged --rm -v $PWD:/netbird -v /tmp/cache:/tmp/cache -v /tmp/modcache:/tmp/modcache -w /netbird -e GOCACHE=/tmp/cache -e GOMODCACHE=/tmp/modcache -e CGO_ENABLED=0 golang:1.23-alpine go test  -test.timeout 5m -test.parallel 1 ./client/iface/...
-
-      - name: Run RouteManager tests in docker
-        run: docker run -t --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --privileged --rm -v $PWD:/ci -w /ci/client/internal/routemanager --entrypoint /busybox/sh gcr.io/distroless/base:debug -c /ci/routemanager-testing.bin  -test.timeout 5m -test.parallel 1
-
-      - name: Run SystemOps tests in docker
-        run: docker run -t --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --privileged --rm -v $PWD:/ci -w /ci/client/internal/routemanager/systemops --entrypoint /busybox/sh gcr.io/distroless/base:debug -c /ci/systemops-testing.bin  -test.timeout 5m -test.parallel 1
-
-      - name: Run nftables Manager tests in docker
-        run: docker run -t --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --privileged --rm -v $PWD:/ci -w /ci/client/firewall --entrypoint /busybox/sh gcr.io/distroless/base:debug -c /ci/nftablesmanager-testing.bin  -test.timeout 5m -test.parallel 1
-
-      - name: Run Engine tests in docker with file store
-        run: docker run -t --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --privileged --rm -v $PWD:/ci -w /ci/client/internal -e NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE="jsonfile" --entrypoint /busybox/sh gcr.io/distroless/base:debug -c /ci/engine-testing.bin  -test.timeout 5m -test.parallel 1
-
-      - name: Run Engine tests in docker with sqlite store
-        run: docker run -t --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --privileged --rm -v $PWD:/ci -w /ci/client/internal -e NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE="sqlite" --entrypoint /busybox/sh gcr.io/distroless/base:debug -c /ci/engine-testing.bin  -test.timeout 5m -test.parallel 1
-
-      - name: Run Peer tests in docker
-        run: docker run -t --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --privileged --rm -v $PWD:/ci -w /ci/client/internal/peer  --entrypoint /busybox/sh gcr.io/distroless/base:debug -c /ci/peer-testing.bin  -test.timeout 5m -test.parallel 1

.github/workflows/test-infrastructure-files.yml

@@ -178,6 +178,7 @@ jobs:
           grep -A 10 'relay:' docker-compose.yml | egrep 'NB_AUTH_SECRET=.+$'
           grep -A 7 Relay management.json | grep "rel://$CI_NETBIRD_DOMAIN:33445"
           grep -A 7 Relay management.json | egrep '"Secret": ".+"'
+          grep DisablePromptLogin management.json | grep 'true'
 
       - name: Install modules
         run: go mod tidy

.goreleaser.yaml

@@ -96,6 +96,20 @@ builds:
       - -s -w -X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.CommitDate}} -X main.builtBy=goreleaser
     mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
 
+  - id: netbird-upload
+    dir: upload-server
+    env: [CGO_ENABLED=0]
+    binary: netbird-upload
+    goos:
+      - linux
+    goarch:
+      - amd64
+      - arm64
+      - arm
+    ldflags:
+      - -s -w -X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.CommitDate}} -X main.builtBy=goreleaser
+    mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
+
 universal_binaries:
   - id: netbird
 
@@ -409,6 +423,52 @@ dockers:
       - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
       - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
       - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
+  - image_templates:
+      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-amd64
+    ids:
+      - netbird-upload
+    goarch: amd64
+    use: buildx
+    dockerfile: upload-server/Dockerfile
+    build_flag_templates:
+      - "--platform=linux/amd64"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
+      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
+  - image_templates:
+      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
+    ids:
+      - netbird-upload
+    goarch: arm64
+    use: buildx
+    dockerfile: upload-server/Dockerfile
+    build_flag_templates:
+      - "--platform=linux/arm64"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
+      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
+  - image_templates:
+      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm
+    ids:
+      - netbird-upload
+    goarch: arm
+    goarm: 6
+    use: buildx
+    dockerfile: upload-server/Dockerfile
+    build_flag_templates:
+      - "--platform=linux/arm"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
+      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
 docker_manifests:
   - name_template: netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}
     image_templates:
@@ -475,7 +535,17 @@ docker_manifests:
       - netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-debug-arm64v8
       - netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-debug-arm
       - netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-debug-amd64
+  - name_template: netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}
+    image_templates:
+      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
+      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm
+      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-amd64
 
+  - name_template: netbirdio/upload:latest
+    image_templates:
+      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
+      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm
+      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-amd64
 brews:
   - ids:
       - default

README.md

@@ -57,16 +57,16 @@
 
 ### Key features
 
-| Connectivity                                                                                                                 | Management                                                                                               | Security                                                                                                                              | Automation                                                                                                                               | Platforms                                                                               |
+| Connectivity | Management | Security | Automation| Platforms |
-|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+|----|----|----|----|----|
-| <ul><li> - \[x] Kernel WireGuard </ul></li>                                                                                  | <ul><li> - \[x] [Admin Web UI](https://github.com/netbirdio/dashboard) </ul></li>                        | <ul><li> - \[x] [SSO & MFA support](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/installation#running-net-bird-with-sso-login) </ul></li>           | <ul><li> - \[x] [Public API](https://docs.netbird.io/api) </ul></li>                                                                     | <ul><li> - \[x] Linux </ul></li>                                                        |
+| <ul><li>- \[x] Kernel WireGuard</ul></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Admin Web UI](https://github.com/netbirdio/dashboard)</ul></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [SSO & MFA support](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/installation#running-net-bird-with-sso-login)</ul></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Public API](https://docs.netbird.io/api)</ul></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Linux</ul></li> |
-| <ul><li> - \[x] Peer-to-peer connections </ul></li>                                                                          | <ul><li> - \[x] Auto peer discovery and configuration </ul></li>                                         | <ul><li> - \[x] [Access control - groups & rules](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-network-access) </ul></li>                    | <ul><li> - \[x] [Setup keys for bulk network provisioning](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/register-machines-using-setup-keys) </ul></li> | <ul><li> - \[x] Mac </ul></li>                                                          |
+| <ul><li>- \[x] Peer-to-peer connections</ul></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Auto peer discovery and configuration</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Access control - groups & rules](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-network-access)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Setup keys for bulk network provisioning](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/register-machines-using-setup-keys)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Mac</ui></li> |
-| <ul><li> - \[x] Connection relay fallback </ul></li>                                                                         | <ul><li> - \[x] [IdP integrations](https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/identity-providers) </ul></li>     | <ul><li> - \[x] [Activity logging](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/monitor-system-and-network-activity) </ul></li>                     | <ul><li> - \[x] [Self-hosting quickstart script](https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-quickstart) </ul></li>                    | <ul><li> - \[x] Windows </ul></li>                                                      |
+| <ul><li>- \[x] Connection relay fallback</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [IdP integrations](https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/identity-providers)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Activity logging](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/audit-events-logging)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Self-hosting quickstart script](https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-quickstart)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Windows</ui></li> |
-| <ul><li> - \[x] [Routes to external networks](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/routing-traffic-to-private-networks) </ul></li> | <ul><li> - \[x] [Private DNS](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-dns-in-your-network) </ul></li>      | <ul><li> - \[x] [Device posture checks](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-posture-checks) </ul></li>                              | <ul><li> - \[x] IdP groups sync with JWT </ul></li>                                                                                      | <ul><li> - \[x] Android </ul></li>                                                      |
+| <ul><li>- \[x] [Routes to external networks](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/routing-traffic-to-private-networks)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Private DNS](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-dns-in-your-network)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Device posture checks](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-posture-checks)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] IdP groups sync with JWT</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Android</ui></li> |
-| <ul><li> - \[x] NAT traversal with BPF </ul></li>                                                                            | <ul><li> - \[x] [Multiuser support](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/add-users-to-your-network) </ul></li> | <ul><li> -  \[x] Peer-to-peer encryption </ul></li>                                                                                   |                                                                                                                                          | <ul><li> - \[x] iOS </ul></li>                                                          |
+| <ul><li>- \[x] NAT traversal with BPF</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Multiuser support](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/add-users-to-your-network)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Peer-to-peer encryption</ui></li> || <ul><li>- \[x] iOS</ui></li> |
-|                                                                                                                              |                                                                                                          | <ul><li> - \[x] [Quantum-resistance with Rosenpass](https://netbird.io/knowledge-hub/the-first-quantum-resistant-mesh-vpn) </ul></li> |                                                                                                                                          | <ul><li> - \[x] OpenWRT </ul></li>                                                      |
+||| <ul><li>- \[x] [Quantum-resistance with Rosenpass](https://netbird.io/knowledge-hub/the-first-quantum-resistant-mesh-vpn)</ui></li> || <ul><li>- \[x] OpenWRT</ui></li> |
-|                                                                                                                              |                                                                                                          | <ui><li> - \[x] [Periodic re-authentication](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/enforce-periodic-user-authentication)</ul></li>           |                                                                                                                                          | <ul><li> - \[x] [Serverless](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/netbird-on-faas) </ul></li> |
+||| <ul><li>- \[x] [Periodic re-authentication](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/enforce-periodic-user-authentication)</ui></li> || <ul><li>- \[x] [Serverless](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/netbird-on-faas)</ui></li> |
-|                                                                                                                              |                                                                                                          |                                                                                                                                       |                                                                                                                                          | <ul><li> - \[x] Docker </ul></li>                                                       |
+||||| <ul><li>- \[x] Docker</ui></li> |
 
 ### Quickstart with NetBird Cloud
 

buf.gen.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# For details on buf.gen.yaml configuration, visit https://buf.build/docs/configuration/v2/buf-gen-yaml/
+version: v2
+plugins:
+  - remote: buf.build/protocolbuffers/go:v1.35.1
+    out: .
+  - remote: buf.build/grpc/go:v1.5.1
+    out: .

buf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# For details on buf.yaml configuration, visit https://buf.build/docs/configuration/v2/buf-yaml
+version: v2
+modules:
+  - path: proto
+lint:
+  use:
+    - BASIC
+breaking:
+  use:
+    - FILE

client/Dockerfile

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 FROM alpine:3.21.3
-RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates iptables ip6tables
+# iproute2: busybox doesn't display ip rules properly
+RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates ip6tables iproute2 iptables
 ENV NB_FOREGROUND_MODE=true
 ENTRYPOINT [ "/usr/local/bin/netbird","up"]
 COPY netbird /usr/local/bin/netbird

client/cmd/debug.go

@@ -11,9 +11,12 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/debug"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/server"
 	nbstatus "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/status"
+	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/proto"
 )
 
 const errCloseConnection = "Failed to close connection: %v"
@@ -84,16 +87,27 @@ func debugBundle(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
 	}()
 
 	client := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
-	resp, err := client.DebugBundle(cmd.Context(), &proto.DebugBundleRequest{
+	request := &proto.DebugBundleRequest{
 		Anonymize:  anonymizeFlag,
 		Status:     getStatusOutput(cmd, anonymizeFlag),
 		SystemInfo: debugSystemInfoFlag,
-	})
+	}
+	if debugUploadBundle {
+		request.UploadURL = debugUploadBundleURL
+	}
+	resp, err := client.DebugBundle(cmd.Context(), request)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to bundle debug: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
 	}
+	cmd.Printf("Local file:\n%s\n", resp.GetPath())
 
-	cmd.Println(resp.GetPath())
+	if resp.GetUploadFailureReason() != "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("upload failed: %s", resp.GetUploadFailureReason())
+	}
+
+	if debugUploadBundle {
+		cmd.Printf("Upload file key:\n%s\n", resp.GetUploadedKey())
+	}
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -208,23 +222,19 @@ func runForDuration(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 
 	headerPreDown := fmt.Sprintf("----- Netbird pre-down - Timestamp: %s - Duration: %s", time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339), duration)
 	statusOutput = fmt.Sprintf("%s\n%s\n%s", statusOutput, headerPreDown, getStatusOutput(cmd, anonymizeFlag))
-
+	request := &proto.DebugBundleRequest{
-	resp, err := client.DebugBundle(cmd.Context(), &proto.DebugBundleRequest{
 		Anonymize:  anonymizeFlag,
 		Status:     statusOutput,
 		SystemInfo: debugSystemInfoFlag,
-	})
+	}
+	if debugUploadBundle {
+		request.UploadURL = debugUploadBundleURL
+	}
+	resp, err := client.DebugBundle(cmd.Context(), request)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to bundle debug: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
 	}
 
-	// Disable network map persistence after creating the debug bundle
-	if _, err := client.SetNetworkMapPersistence(cmd.Context(), &proto.SetNetworkMapPersistenceRequest{
-		Enabled: false,
-	}); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to disable network map persistence: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
-	}
-
 	if stateWasDown {
 		if _, err := client.Down(cmd.Context(), &proto.DownRequest{}); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to down: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
@@ -239,7 +249,15 @@ func runForDuration(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		cmd.Println("Log level restored to", initialLogLevel.GetLevel())
 	}
 
-	cmd.Println(resp.GetPath())
+	cmd.Printf("Local file:\n%s\n", resp.GetPath())
+
+	if resp.GetUploadFailureReason() != "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("upload failed: %s", resp.GetUploadFailureReason())
+	}
+
+	if debugUploadBundle {
+		cmd.Printf("Upload file key:\n%s\n", resp.GetUploadedKey())
+	}
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -326,3 +344,34 @@ func formatDuration(d time.Duration) string {
 	s := d / time.Second
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%02d:%02d:%02d", h, m, s)
 }
+
+func generateDebugBundle(config *internal.Config, recorder *peer.Status, connectClient *internal.ConnectClient, logFilePath string) {
+	var networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap
+	var err error
+
+	if connectClient != nil {
+		networkMap, err = connectClient.GetLatestNetworkMap()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("Failed to get latest network map: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	bundleGenerator := debug.NewBundleGenerator(
+		debug.GeneratorDependencies{
+			InternalConfig: config,
+			StatusRecorder: recorder,
+			NetworkMap:     networkMap,
+			LogFile:        logFilePath,
+		},
+		debug.BundleConfig{
+			IncludeSystemInfo: true,
+		},
+	)
+
+	path, err := bundleGenerator.Generate()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("Failed to generate debug bundle: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	log.Infof("Generated debug bundle from SIGUSR1 at: %s", path)
+}

client/cmd/debug_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//go:build unix
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+	"syscall"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+)
+
+func SetupDebugHandler(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	config *internal.Config,
+	recorder *peer.Status,
+	connectClient *internal.ConnectClient,
+	logFilePath string,
+) {
+	usr1Ch := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+
+	signal.Notify(usr1Ch, syscall.SIGUSR1)
+
+	go func() {
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			case <-usr1Ch:
+				log.Info("Received SIGUSR1. Triggering debug bundle generation.")
+				go generateDebugBundle(config, recorder, connectClient, logFilePath)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+}

client/cmd/debug_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+)
+
+const (
+	envListenEvent        = "NB_LISTEN_DEBUG_EVENT"
+	debugTriggerEventName = `Global\NetbirdDebugTriggerEvent`
+
+	waitTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+)
+
+// SetupDebugHandler sets up a Windows event to listen for a signal to generate a debug bundle.
+// Example usage with PowerShell:
+// $evt = [System.Threading.EventWaitHandle]::OpenExisting("Global\NetbirdDebugTriggerEvent")
+// $evt.Set()
+// $evt.Close()
+func SetupDebugHandler(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	config *internal.Config,
+	recorder *peer.Status,
+	connectClient *internal.ConnectClient,
+	logFilePath string,
+) {
+	env := os.Getenv(envListenEvent)
+	if env == "" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	listenEvent, err := strconv.ParseBool(env)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("Failed to parse %s: %v", envListenEvent, err)
+		return
+	}
+	if !listenEvent {
+		return
+	}
+
+	eventNamePtr, err := windows.UTF16PtrFromString(debugTriggerEventName)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("Failed to convert event name '%s' to UTF16: %v", debugTriggerEventName, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// TODO: restrict access by ACL
+	eventHandle, err := windows.CreateEvent(nil, 1, 0, eventNamePtr)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, windows.ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
+			log.Warnf("Debug trigger event '%s' already exists. Attempting to open.", debugTriggerEventName)
+			// SYNCHRONIZE is needed for WaitForSingleObject, EVENT_MODIFY_STATE for ResetEvent.
+			eventHandle, err = windows.OpenEvent(windows.SYNCHRONIZE|windows.EVENT_MODIFY_STATE, false, eventNamePtr)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("Failed to open existing debug trigger event '%s': %v", debugTriggerEventName, err)
+				return
+			}
+			log.Infof("Successfully opened existing debug trigger event '%s'.", debugTriggerEventName)
+		} else {
+			log.Errorf("Failed to create debug trigger event '%s': %v", debugTriggerEventName, err)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	if eventHandle == windows.InvalidHandle {
+		log.Errorf("Obtained an invalid handle for debug trigger event '%s'", debugTriggerEventName)
+		return
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("Debug handler waiting for signal on event: %s", debugTriggerEventName)
+
+	go waitForEvent(ctx, config, recorder, connectClient, logFilePath, eventHandle)
+}
+
+func waitForEvent(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	config *internal.Config,
+	recorder *peer.Status,
+	connectClient *internal.ConnectClient,
+	logFilePath string,
+	eventHandle windows.Handle,
+) {
+	defer func() {
+		if err := windows.CloseHandle(eventHandle); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("Failed to close debug event handle '%s': %v", debugTriggerEventName, err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	for {
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return
+		}
+
+		status, err := windows.WaitForSingleObject(eventHandle, uint32(waitTimeout.Milliseconds()))
+
+		switch status {
+		case windows.WAIT_OBJECT_0:
+			log.Info("Received signal on debug event. Triggering debug bundle generation.")
+
+			// reset the event so it can be triggered again later (manual reset == 1)
+			if err := windows.ResetEvent(eventHandle); err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("Failed to reset debug event '%s': %v", debugTriggerEventName, err)
+			}
+
+			go generateDebugBundle(config, recorder, connectClient, logFilePath)
+		case uint32(windows.WAIT_TIMEOUT):
+
+		default:
+			log.Errorf("Unexpected status %d from WaitForSingleObject for debug event '%s': %v", status, debugTriggerEventName, err)
+			select {
+			case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

client/cmd/login.go

@@ -55,6 +55,9 @@ var loginCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				return err
 			}
 
+			// update host's static platform and system information
+			system.UpdateStaticInfo()
+
 			ic := internal.ConfigInput{
 				ManagementURL: managementURL,
 				AdminURL:      adminURL,

client/cmd/root.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/upload-server/types"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -39,6 +40,8 @@ const (
 	dnsRouteIntervalFlag    = "dns-router-interval"
 	systemInfoFlag          = "system-info"
 	blockLANAccessFlag      = "block-lan-access"
+	uploadBundle            = "upload-bundle"
+	uploadBundleURL         = "upload-bundle-url"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -75,6 +78,8 @@ var (
 	debugSystemInfoFlag     bool
 	dnsRouteInterval        time.Duration
 	blockLANAccess          bool
+	debugUploadBundle       bool
+	debugUploadBundleURL    string
 
 	rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		Use:          "netbird",
@@ -181,6 +186,8 @@ func init() {
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&autoConnectDisabled, disableAutoConnectFlag, false, "Disables auto-connect feature. If enabled, then the client won't connect automatically when the service starts.")
 
 	debugCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&debugSystemInfoFlag, systemInfoFlag, "S", true, "Adds system information to the debug bundle")
+	debugCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&debugUploadBundle, uploadBundle, "U", false, fmt.Sprintf("Uploads the debug bundle to a server from URL defined by %s", uploadBundleURL))
+	debugCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&debugUploadBundleURL, uploadBundleURL, types.DefaultBundleURL, "Service URL to get an URL to upload the debug bundle")
 }
 
 // SetupCloseHandler handles SIGTERM signal and exits with success

client/cmd/service_controller.go

@@ -16,12 +16,17 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/server"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 )
 
 func (p *program) Start(svc service.Service) error {
 	// Start should not block. Do the actual work async.
 	log.Info("starting Netbird service") //nolint
+
+	// Collect static system and platform information
+	system.UpdateStaticInfo()
+
 	// in any case, even if configuration does not exists we run daemon to serve CLI gRPC API.
 	p.serv = grpc.NewServer()
 
@@ -115,6 +120,7 @@ var runCmd = &cobra.Command{
 
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(cmd.Context())
 		SetupCloseHandler(ctx, cancel)
+		SetupDebugHandler(ctx, nil, nil, nil, logFile)
 
 		s, err := newSVC(newProgram(ctx, cancel), newSVCConfig())
 		if err != nil {

client/cmd/testutil_test.go

@@ -92,11 +92,16 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T, config *types.Config, testFile string) (*grpc
 
 	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(context.Background())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	permissionsManagerMock := permissions.NewManagerMock()
 	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
 	t.Cleanup(ctrl.Finish)
 
 	settingsMockManager := settings.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	permissionsManagerMock := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+
+	settingsMockManager.EXPECT().
+		GetSettings(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
+		Return(&types.Settings{}, nil).
+		AnyTimes()
 
 	accountManager, err := mgmt.BuildManager(context.Background(), store, peersUpdateManager, nil, "", "netbird.selfhosted", eventStore, nil, false, iv, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManagerMock)
 	if err != nil {

client/cmd/up.go

@@ -219,6 +219,8 @@ func runInForegroundMode(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command) error {
 	r.GetFullStatus()
 
 	connectClient := internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, config, r)
+	SetupDebugHandler(ctx, config, r, connectClient, "")
+
 	return connectClient.Run(nil)
 }
 

client/firewall/iptables/manager_linux.go

@@ -113,17 +113,16 @@ func (m *Manager) AddPeerFiltering(
 func (m *Manager) AddRouteFiltering(
 	id []byte,
 	sources []netip.Prefix,
-	destination netip.Prefix,
+	destination firewall.Network,
 	proto firewall.Protocol,
-	sPort *firewall.Port,
+	sPort, dPort *firewall.Port,
-	dPort *firewall.Port,
 	action firewall.Action,
 ) (firewall.Rule, error) {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if !destination.Addr().Is4() {
+	if destination.IsPrefix() && !destination.Prefix.Addr().Is4() {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported IP version: %s", destination.Addr().String())
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported IP version: %s", destination.Prefix.Addr().String())
 	}
 
 	return m.router.AddRouteFiltering(id, sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
@@ -243,6 +242,14 @@ func (m *Manager) DeleteDNATRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	return m.router.DeleteDNATRule(rule)
 }
 
+// UpdateSet updates the set with the given prefixes
+func (m *Manager) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	return m.router.UpdateSet(set, prefixes)
+}
+
 func getConntrackEstablished() []string {
 	return []string{"-m", "conntrack", "--ctstate", "RELATED,ESTABLISHED", "-j", "ACCEPT"}
 }

client/firewall/iptables/router_linux.go

@@ -57,18 +57,18 @@ type ruleInfo struct {
 }
 
 type routeFilteringRuleParams struct {
-	Sources     []netip.Prefix
+	Source      firewall.Network
-	Destination netip.Prefix
+	Destination firewall.Network
 	Proto       firewall.Protocol
 	SPort       *firewall.Port
 	DPort       *firewall.Port
 	Direction   firewall.RuleDirection
 	Action      firewall.Action
-	SetName     string
 }
 
 type routeRules map[string][]string
 
+// the ipset library currently does not support comments, so we use the name only (string)
 type ipsetCounter = refcounter.Counter[string, []netip.Prefix, struct{}]
 
 type router struct {
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ func (r *router) init(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
 func (r *router) AddRouteFiltering(
 	id []byte,
 	sources []netip.Prefix,
-	destination netip.Prefix,
+	destination firewall.Network,
 	proto firewall.Protocol,
 	sPort *firewall.Port,
 	dPort *firewall.Port,
@@ -140,27 +140,28 @@ func (r *router) AddRouteFiltering(
 		return ruleKey, nil
 	}
 
-	var setName string
+	var source firewall.Network
 	if len(sources) > 1 {
-		setName = firewall.GenerateSetName(sources)
+		source.Set = firewall.NewPrefixSet(sources)
-		if _, err := r.ipsetCounter.Increment(setName, sources); err != nil {
+	} else if len(sources) > 0 {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("create or get ipset: %w", err)
+		source.Prefix = sources[0]
-		}
 	}
 
 	params := routeFilteringRuleParams{
-		Sources:     sources,
+		Source:      source,
 		Destination: destination,
 		Proto:       proto,
 		SPort:       sPort,
 		DPort:       dPort,
 		Action:      action,
-		SetName:     setName,
 	}
 
-	rule := genRouteFilteringRuleSpec(params)
+	rule, err := r.genRouteRuleSpec(params, sources)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("generate route rule spec: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	// Insert DROP rules at the beginning, append ACCEPT rules at the end
-	var err error
 	if action == firewall.ActionDrop {
 		// after the established rule
 		err = r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableFilter, chainRTFWDIN, 2, rule...)
@@ -183,17 +184,13 @@ func (r *router) DeleteRouteRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	ruleKey := rule.ID()
 
 	if rule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey]; exists {
-		setName := r.findSetNameInRule(rule)
-
 		if err := r.iptablesClient.Delete(tableFilter, chainRTFWDIN, rule...); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("delete route rule: %v", err)
 		}
 		delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
 
-		if setName != "" {
+		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
-			if _, err := r.ipsetCounter.Decrement(setName); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("decrement ipset counter: %w", err)
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove ipset: %w", err)
-			}
 		}
 	} else {
 		log.Debugf("route rule %s not found", ruleKey)
@@ -204,13 +201,26 @@ func (r *router) DeleteRouteRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (r *router) findSetNameInRule(rule []string) string {
+func (r *router) decrementSetCounter(rule []string) error {
+	sets := r.findSets(rule)
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, setName := range sets {
+		if _, err := r.ipsetCounter.Decrement(setName); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("decrement counter: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *router) findSets(rule []string) []string {
+	var sets []string
 	for i, arg := range rule {
 		if arg == "-m" && i+3 < len(rule) && rule[i+1] == "set" && rule[i+2] == matchSet {
-			return rule[i+3]
+			sets = append(sets, rule[i+3])
 		}
 	}
-	return ""
+	return sets
 }
 
 func (r *router) createIpSet(setName string, sources []netip.Prefix) error {
@@ -231,6 +241,8 @@ func (r *router) deleteIpSet(setName string) error {
 	if err := ipset.Destroy(setName); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("destroy set %s: %w", setName, err)
 	}
+
+	log.Debugf("Deleted unused ipset %s", setName)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -270,6 +282,7 @@ func (r *router) RemoveNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 		log.Errorf("%v", err)
 	}
 
+	if pair.Masquerade {
 		if err := r.removeNatRule(pair); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("remove nat rule: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -277,6 +290,7 @@ func (r *router) RemoveNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 		if err := r.removeNatRule(firewall.GetInversePair(pair)); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("remove inverse nat rule: %w", err)
 		}
+	}
 
 	if err := r.removeLegacyRouteRule(pair); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("remove legacy routing rule: %w", err)
@@ -313,8 +327,10 @@ func (r *router) removeLegacyRouteRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("remove legacy forwarding rule %s -> %s: %v", pair.Source, pair.Destination, err)
 		}
 		delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
-	} else {
+
-		log.Debugf("legacy forwarding rule %s not found", ruleKey)
+		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("decrement ipset counter: %w", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -599,12 +615,26 @@ func (r *router) addNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	rule = append(rule,
 		"-m", "conntrack",
 		"--ctstate", "NEW",
-		"-s", pair.Source.String(),
+	)
-		"-d", pair.Destination.String(),
+	sourceExp, err := r.applyNetwork("-s", pair.Source, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("apply network -s: %w", err)
+	}
+	destExp, err := r.applyNetwork("-d", pair.Destination, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("apply network -d: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	rule = append(rule, sourceExp...)
+	rule = append(rule, destExp...)
+	rule = append(rule,
 		"-j", "MARK", "--set-mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", markValue),
 	)
 
-	if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(tableMangle, chainRTPRE, rule...); err != nil {
+	// Ensure nat rules come first, so the mark can be overwritten.
+	// Currently overwritten by the dst-type LOCAL rules for redirected traffic.
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableMangle, chainRTPRE, 1, rule...); err != nil {
+		// TODO: rollback ipset counter
 		return fmt.Errorf("error while adding marking rule for %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
 	}
 
@@ -622,6 +652,10 @@ func (r *router) removeNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error while removing marking rule for %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
 		}
 		delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
+
+		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("decrement ipset counter: %w", err)
+		}
 	} else {
 		log.Debugf("marking rule %s not found", ruleKey)
 	}
@@ -787,17 +821,21 @@ func (r *router) DeleteDNATRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
-func genRouteFilteringRuleSpec(params routeFilteringRuleParams) []string {
+func (r *router) genRouteRuleSpec(params routeFilteringRuleParams, sources []netip.Prefix) ([]string, error) {
 	var rule []string
 
-	if params.SetName != "" {
+	sourceExp, err := r.applyNetwork("-s", params.Source, sources)
-		rule = append(rule, "-m", "set", matchSet, params.SetName, "src")
+	if err != nil {
-	} else if len(params.Sources) > 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply network -s: %w", err)
-		source := params.Sources[0]
+
-		rule = append(rule, "-s", source.String())
+	}
+	destExp, err := r.applyNetwork("-d", params.Destination, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply network -d: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	rule = append(rule, "-d", params.Destination.String())
+	rule = append(rule, sourceExp...)
+	rule = append(rule, destExp...)
 
 	if params.Proto != firewall.ProtocolALL {
 		rule = append(rule, "-p", strings.ToLower(string(params.Proto)))
@@ -807,7 +845,47 @@ func genRouteFilteringRuleSpec(params routeFilteringRuleParams) []string {
 
 	rule = append(rule, "-j", actionToStr(params.Action))
 
-	return rule
+	return rule, nil
+}
+
+func (r *router) applyNetwork(flag string, network firewall.Network, prefixes []netip.Prefix) ([]string, error) {
+	direction := "src"
+	if flag == "-d" {
+		direction = "dst"
+	}
+
+	if network.IsSet() {
+		if _, err := r.ipsetCounter.Increment(network.Set.HashedName(), prefixes); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("create or get ipset: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		return []string{"-m", "set", matchSet, network.Set.HashedName(), direction}, nil
+	}
+	if network.IsPrefix() {
+		return []string{flag, network.Prefix.String()}, nil
+	}
+
+	// nolint:nilnil
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (r *router) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, prefix := range prefixes {
+		// TODO: Implement IPv6 support
+		if prefix.Addr().Is6() {
+			log.Tracef("skipping IPv6 prefix %s: IPv6 support not yet implemented", prefix)
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := ipset.AddPrefix(set.HashedName(), prefix); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("increment ipset counter: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+	if merr == nil {
+		log.Debugf("updated set %s with prefixes %v", set.HashedName(), prefixes)
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
 func applyPort(flag string, port *firewall.Port) []string {

client/firewall/iptables/router_linux_test.go

@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ func TestIptablesManager_RestoreOrCreateContainers(t *testing.T) {
 
 	pair := firewall.RouterPair{
 		ID:          "abc",
-		Source:      netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.100.1/32"),
+		Source:      firewall.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.100.1/32")},
-		Destination: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.100.0/24"),
+		Destination: firewall.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.100.0/24")},
 		Masquerade:  true,
 	}
 
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ func TestRouter_AddRouteFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			ruleKey, err := r.AddRouteFiltering(nil, tt.sources, tt.destination, tt.proto, tt.sPort, tt.dPort, tt.action)
+			ruleKey, err := r.AddRouteFiltering(nil, tt.sources, firewall.Network{Prefix: tt.destination}, tt.proto, tt.sPort, tt.dPort, tt.action)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "AddRouteFiltering failed")
 
 			// Check if the rule is in the internal map
@@ -347,23 +347,29 @@ func TestRouter_AddRouteFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to check rule existence")
 			assert.True(t, exists, "Rule not found in iptables")
 
+			var source firewall.Network
+			if len(tt.sources) > 1 {
+				source.Set = firewall.NewPrefixSet(tt.sources)
+			} else if len(tt.sources) > 0 {
+				source.Prefix = tt.sources[0]
+			}
 			// Verify rule content
 			params := routeFilteringRuleParams{
-				Sources:     tt.sources,
+				Source:      source,
-				Destination: tt.destination,
+				Destination: firewall.Network{Prefix: tt.destination},
 				Proto:       tt.proto,
 				SPort:       tt.sPort,
 				DPort:       tt.dPort,
 				Action:      tt.action,
-				SetName:     "",
 			}
 
-			expectedRule := genRouteFilteringRuleSpec(params)
+			expectedRule, err := r.genRouteRuleSpec(params, nil)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to generate expected rule spec")
 
 			if tt.expectSet {
-				setName := firewall.GenerateSetName(tt.sources)
+				setName := firewall.NewPrefixSet(tt.sources).HashedName()
-				params.SetName = setName
+				expectedRule, err = r.genRouteRuleSpec(params, nil)
-				expectedRule = genRouteFilteringRuleSpec(params)
+				require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to generate expected rule spec with set")
 
 				// Check if the set was created
 				_, exists := r.ipsetCounter.Get(setName)
@@ -378,3 +384,62 @@ func TestRouter_AddRouteFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestFindSetNameInRule(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &router{}
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		rule     []string
+		expected []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "Basic rule with two sets",
+			rule: []string{
+				"-A", "NETBIRD-RT-FWD-IN", "-p", "tcp", "-m", "set", "--match-set", "nb-2e5a2a05", "src",
+				"-m", "set", "--match-set", "nb-349ae051", "dst", "-m", "tcp", "--dport", "8080", "-j", "ACCEPT",
+			},
+			expected: []string{"nb-2e5a2a05", "nb-349ae051"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "No sets",
+			rule:     []string{"-A", "NETBIRD-RT-FWD-IN", "-p", "tcp", "-j", "ACCEPT"},
+			expected: []string{},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Multiple sets with different positions",
+			rule: []string{
+				"-m", "set", "--match-set", "set1", "src", "-p", "tcp",
+				"-m", "set", "--match-set", "set-abc123", "dst", "-j", "ACCEPT",
+			},
+			expected: []string{"set1", "set-abc123"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Boundary case - sequence appears at end",
+			rule:     []string{"-p", "tcp", "-m", "set", "--match-set", "final-set"},
+			expected: []string{"final-set"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Incomplete pattern - missing set name",
+			rule:     []string{"-p", "tcp", "-m", "set", "--match-set"},
+			expected: []string{},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := r.findSets(tc.rule)
+
+			if len(result) != len(tc.expected) {
+				t.Errorf("Expected %d sets, got %d. Sets found: %v", len(tc.expected), len(result), result)
+				return
+			}
+
+			for i, set := range result {
+				if set != tc.expected[i] {
+					t.Errorf("Expected set %q at position %d, got %q", tc.expected[i], i, set)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

client/firewall/manager/firewall.go

@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 package manager
 
 import (
-	"crypto/sha256"
-	"encoding/hex"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"sort"
-	"strings"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
@@ -43,6 +40,18 @@ const (
 // Action is the action to be taken on a rule
 type Action int
 
+// String returns the string representation of the action
+func (a Action) String() string {
+	switch a {
+	case ActionAccept:
+		return "accept"
+	case ActionDrop:
+		return "drop"
+	default:
+		return "unknown"
+	}
+}
+
 const (
 	// ActionAccept is the action to accept a packet
 	ActionAccept Action = iota
@@ -50,6 +59,33 @@ const (
 	ActionDrop
 )
 
+// Network is a rule destination, either a set or a prefix
+type Network struct {
+	Set    Set
+	Prefix netip.Prefix
+}
+
+// String returns the string representation of the destination
+func (d Network) String() string {
+	if d.Prefix.IsValid() {
+		return d.Prefix.String()
+	}
+	if d.IsSet() {
+		return d.Set.HashedName()
+	}
+	return "<invalid network>"
+}
+
+// IsSet returns true if the destination is a set
+func (d Network) IsSet() bool {
+	return d.Set != Set{}
+}
+
+// IsPrefix returns true if the destination is a valid prefix
+func (d Network) IsPrefix() bool {
+	return d.Prefix.IsValid()
+}
+
 // Manager is the high level abstraction of a firewall manager
 //
 // It declares methods which handle actions required by the
@@ -83,10 +119,9 @@ type Manager interface {
 	AddRouteFiltering(
 		id []byte,
 		sources []netip.Prefix,
-		destination netip.Prefix,
+		destination Network,
 		proto Protocol,
-		sPort *Port,
+		sPort, dPort *Port,
-		dPort *Port,
 		action Action,
 	) (Rule, error)
 
@@ -119,6 +154,9 @@ type Manager interface {
 
 	// DeleteDNATRule deletes a DNAT rule
 	DeleteDNATRule(Rule) error
+
+	// UpdateSet updates the set with the given prefixes
+	UpdateSet(hash Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error
 }
 
 func GenKey(format string, pair RouterPair) string {
@@ -153,22 +191,6 @@ func SetLegacyManagement(router LegacyManager, isLegacy bool) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// GenerateSetName generates a unique name for an ipset based on the given sources.
-func GenerateSetName(sources []netip.Prefix) string {
-	// sort for consistent naming
-	SortPrefixes(sources)
-
-	var sourcesStr strings.Builder
-	for _, src := range sources {
-		sourcesStr.WriteString(src.String())
-	}
-
-	hash := sha256.Sum256([]byte(sourcesStr.String()))
-	shortHash := hex.EncodeToString(hash[:])[:8]
-
-	return fmt.Sprintf("nb-%s", shortHash)
-}
-
 // MergeIPRanges merges overlapping IP ranges and returns a slice of non-overlapping netip.Prefix
 func MergeIPRanges(prefixes []netip.Prefix) []netip.Prefix {
 	if len(prefixes) == 0 {

client/firewall/manager/firewall_test.go

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ func TestGenerateSetName(t *testing.T) {
 			netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
 		}
 
-		result1 := manager.GenerateSetName(prefixes1)
+		result1 := manager.NewPrefixSet(prefixes1)
-		result2 := manager.GenerateSetName(prefixes2)
+		result2 := manager.NewPrefixSet(prefixes2)
 
 		if result1 != result2 {
 			t.Errorf("Different orders produced different hashes: %s != %s", result1, result2)
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ func TestGenerateSetName(t *testing.T) {
 			netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8"),
 		}
 
-		result := manager.GenerateSetName(prefixes)
+		result := manager.NewPrefixSet(prefixes)
 
-		matched, err := regexp.MatchString(`^nb-[0-9a-f]{8}$`, result)
+		matched, err := regexp.MatchString(`^nb-[0-9a-f]{8}$`, result.HashedName())
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("Error matching regex: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ func TestGenerateSetName(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("Empty input produces consistent result", func(t *testing.T) {
-		result1 := manager.GenerateSetName([]netip.Prefix{})
+		result1 := manager.NewPrefixSet([]netip.Prefix{})
-		result2 := manager.GenerateSetName([]netip.Prefix{})
+		result2 := manager.NewPrefixSet([]netip.Prefix{})
 
 		if result1 != result2 {
 			t.Errorf("Empty input produced inconsistent results: %s != %s", result1, result2)
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ func TestGenerateSetName(t *testing.T) {
 			netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
 		}
 
-		result1 := manager.GenerateSetName(prefixes1)
+		result1 := manager.NewPrefixSet(prefixes1)
-		result2 := manager.GenerateSetName(prefixes2)
+		result2 := manager.NewPrefixSet(prefixes2)
 
 		if result1 != result2 {
 			t.Errorf("Different orders of IPv4 and IPv6 produced different hashes: %s != %s", result1, result2)

client/firewall/manager/routerpair.go

@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
 package manager
 
 import (
-	"net/netip"
-
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 )
 
 type RouterPair struct {
 	ID          route.ID
-	Source      netip.Prefix
+	Source      Network
-	Destination netip.Prefix
+	Destination Network
 	Masquerade  bool
 	Inverse     bool
 }

client/firewall/manager/set.go

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package manager
+
+import (
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
+)
+
+type Set struct {
+	hash    [4]byte
+	comment string
+}
+
+// String returns the string representation of the set: hashed name and comment
+func (h Set) String() string {
+	if h.comment == "" {
+		return h.HashedName()
+	}
+	return h.HashedName() + ": " + h.comment
+}
+
+// HashedName returns the string representation of the hash
+func (h Set) HashedName() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(
+		"nb-%s",
+		hex.EncodeToString(h.hash[:]),
+	)
+}
+
+// Comment returns the comment of the set
+func (h Set) Comment() string {
+	return h.comment
+}
+
+// NewPrefixSet generates a unique name for an ipset based on the given prefixes.
+func NewPrefixSet(prefixes []netip.Prefix) Set {
+	// sort for consistent naming
+	SortPrefixes(prefixes)
+
+	hash := sha256.New()
+	for _, src := range prefixes {
+		bytes, err := src.MarshalBinary()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to marshal prefix %s: %v", src, err)
+		}
+		hash.Write(bytes)
+	}
+	var set Set
+	copy(set.hash[:], hash.Sum(nil)[:4])
+
+	return set
+}
+
+// NewDomainSet generates a unique name for an ipset based on the given domains.
+func NewDomainSet(domains domain.List) Set {
+	slices.Sort(domains)
+
+	hash := sha256.New()
+	for _, d := range domains {
+		hash.Write([]byte(d.PunycodeString()))
+	}
+	set := Set{
+		comment: domains.SafeString(),
+	}
+	copy(set.hash[:], hash.Sum(nil)[:4])
+
+	return set
+}

client/firewall/nftables/manager_linux.go

@@ -135,17 +135,16 @@ func (m *Manager) AddPeerFiltering(
 func (m *Manager) AddRouteFiltering(
 	id []byte,
 	sources []netip.Prefix,
-	destination netip.Prefix,
+	destination firewall.Network,
 	proto firewall.Protocol,
-	sPort *firewall.Port,
+	sPort, dPort *firewall.Port,
-	dPort *firewall.Port,
 	action firewall.Action,
 ) (firewall.Rule, error) {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if !destination.Addr().Is4() {
+	if destination.IsPrefix() && !destination.Prefix.Addr().Is4() {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported IP version: %s", destination.Addr().String())
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported IP version: %s", destination.Prefix.Addr().String())
 	}
 
 	return m.router.AddRouteFiltering(id, sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
@@ -242,7 +241,7 @@ func (m *Manager) SetLegacyManagement(isLegacy bool) error {
 	return firewall.SetLegacyManagement(m.router, isLegacy)
 }
 
-// Reset firewall to the default state
+// Close closes the firewall manager
 func (m *Manager) Close(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
@@ -359,6 +358,14 @@ func (m *Manager) DeleteDNATRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	return m.router.DeleteDNATRule(rule)
 }
 
+// UpdateSet updates the set with the given prefixes
+func (m *Manager) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	return m.router.UpdateSet(set, prefixes)
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) createWorkTable() (*nftables.Table, error) {
 	tables, err := m.rConn.ListTablesOfFamily(nftables.TableFamilyIPv4)
 	if err != nil {

client/firewall/nftables/manager_linux_test.go

@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ func TestNftablesManagerCompatibilityWithIptables(t *testing.T) {
 	_, err = manager.AddRouteFiltering(
 		nil,
 		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.2.0/24")},
-		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.1.0.0/24"),
+		fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.1.0.0/24")},
 		fw.ProtocolTCP,
 		nil,
 		&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
@@ -298,8 +298,8 @@ func TestNftablesManagerCompatibilityWithIptables(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add route filtering rule")
 
 	pair := fw.RouterPair{
-		Source:      netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+		Source:      fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
-		Destination: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24"),
+		Destination: fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24")},
 		Masquerade:  true,
 	}
 	err = manager.AddNatRule(pair)

client/firewall/nftables/router_linux.go

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/coreos/go-iptables/iptables"
-	"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
 	"github.com/google/nftables"
 	"github.com/google/nftables/binaryutil"
 	"github.com/google/nftables/expr"
@@ -44,9 +43,14 @@ const (
 const refreshRulesMapError = "refresh rules map: %w"
 
 var (
-	errFilterTableNotFound = fmt.Errorf("nftables: 'filter' table not found")
+	errFilterTableNotFound = fmt.Errorf("'filter' table not found")
 )
 
+type setInput struct {
+	set      firewall.Set
+	prefixes []netip.Prefix
+}
+
 type router struct {
 	conn        *nftables.Conn
 	workTable   *nftables.Table
@@ -54,7 +58,7 @@ type router struct {
 	chains      map[string]*nftables.Chain
 	// rules is useful to avoid duplicates and to get missing attributes that we don't have when adding new rules
 	rules        map[string]*nftables.Rule
-	ipsetCounter *refcounter.Counter[string, []netip.Prefix, *nftables.Set]
+	ipsetCounter *refcounter.Counter[string, setInput, *nftables.Set]
 
 	wgIface          iFaceMapper
 	ipFwdState       *ipfwdstate.IPForwardingState
@@ -163,7 +167,7 @@ func (r *router) removeNatPreroutingRules() error {
 func (r *router) loadFilterTable() (*nftables.Table, error) {
 	tables, err := r.conn.ListTablesOfFamily(nftables.TableFamilyIPv4)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("nftables: unable to list tables: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to list tables: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	for _, table := range tables {
@@ -316,7 +320,7 @@ func (r *router) setupDataPlaneMark() error {
 func (r *router) AddRouteFiltering(
 	id []byte,
 	sources []netip.Prefix,
-	destination netip.Prefix,
+	destination firewall.Network,
 	proto firewall.Protocol,
 	sPort *firewall.Port,
 	dPort *firewall.Port,
@@ -331,23 +335,29 @@ func (r *router) AddRouteFiltering(
 	chain := r.chains[chainNameRoutingFw]
 	var exprs []expr.Any
 
+	var source firewall.Network
 	switch {
 	case len(sources) == 1 && sources[0].Bits() == 0:
 		// If it's 0.0.0.0/0, we don't need to add any source matching
 	case len(sources) == 1:
 		// If there's only one source, we can use it directly
-		exprs = append(exprs, generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(true, sources[0])...)
+		source.Prefix = sources[0]
 	default:
-		// If there are multiple sources, create or get an ipset
+		// If there are multiple sources, use a set
-		var err error
+		source.Set = firewall.NewPrefixSet(sources)
-		exprs, err = r.getIpSetExprs(sources, exprs)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("get ipset expressions: %w", err)
-		}
 	}
 
-	// Handle destination
+	sourceExp, err := r.applyNetwork(source, sources, true)
-	exprs = append(exprs, generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(false, destination)...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply source: %w", err)
+	}
+	exprs = append(exprs, sourceExp...)
+
+	destExp, err := r.applyNetwork(destination, nil, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply destination: %w", err)
+	}
+	exprs = append(exprs, destExp...)
 
 	// Handle protocol
 	if proto != firewall.ProtocolALL {
@@ -391,39 +401,27 @@ func (r *router) AddRouteFiltering(
 		rule = r.conn.AddRule(rule)
 	}
 
-	log.Tracef("Adding route rule %s", spew.Sdump(rule))
 	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
 	}
 
 	r.rules[string(ruleKey)] = rule
 
-	log.Debugf("nftables: added route rule: sources=%v, destination=%v, proto=%v, sPort=%v, dPort=%v, action=%v", sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
+	log.Debugf("added route rule: sources=%v, destination=%v, proto=%v, sPort=%v, dPort=%v, action=%v", sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
 
 	return ruleKey, nil
 }
 
-func (r *router) getIpSetExprs(sources []netip.Prefix, exprs []expr.Any) ([]expr.Any, error) {
+func (r *router) getIpSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix, isSource bool) ([]expr.Any, error) {
-	setName := firewall.GenerateSetName(sources)
+	ref, err := r.ipsetCounter.Increment(set.HashedName(), setInput{
-	ref, err := r.ipsetCounter.Increment(setName, sources)
+		set:      set,
+		prefixes: prefixes,
+	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create or get ipset for sources: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create or get ipset: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	exprs = append(exprs,
+	return getIpSetExprs(ref, isSource)
-		&expr.Payload{
-			DestRegister: 1,
-			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseNetworkHeader,
-			Offset:       12,
-			Len:          4,
-		},
-		&expr.Lookup{
-			SourceRegister: 1,
-			SetName:        ref.Out.Name,
-			SetID:          ref.Out.ID,
-		},
-	)
-	return exprs, nil
 }
 
 func (r *router) DeleteRouteRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
@@ -442,42 +440,54 @@ func (r *router) DeleteRouteRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("route rule %s has no handle", ruleKey)
 	}
 
-	setName := r.findSetNameInRule(nftRule)
-
 	if err := r.deleteNftRule(nftRule, ruleKey); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("delete: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if setName != "" {
-		if _, err := r.ipsetCounter.Decrement(setName); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("decrement ipset reference: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
 	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
 	}
 
+	if err := r.decrementSetCounter(nftRule); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("decrement set counter: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (r *router) createIpSet(setName string, sources []netip.Prefix) (*nftables.Set, error) {
+func (r *router) createIpSet(setName string, input setInput) (*nftables.Set, error) {
 	// overlapping prefixes will result in an error, so we need to merge them
-	sources = firewall.MergeIPRanges(sources)
+	prefixes := firewall.MergeIPRanges(input.prefixes)
 
-	set := &nftables.Set{
+	nfset := &nftables.Set{
 		Name:    setName,
+		Comment: input.set.Comment(),
 		Table:   r.workTable,
 		// required for prefixes
 		Interval: true,
 		KeyType:  nftables.TypeIPAddr,
 	}
 
+	elements := convertPrefixesToSet(prefixes)
+	if err := r.conn.AddSet(nfset, elements); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error adding elements to set %s: %w", setName, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("flush error: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Printf("Created new ipset: %s with %d elements", setName, len(elements)/2)
+
+	return nfset, nil
+}
+
+func convertPrefixesToSet(prefixes []netip.Prefix) []nftables.SetElement {
 	var elements []nftables.SetElement
-	for _, prefix := range sources {
+	for _, prefix := range prefixes {
 		// TODO: Implement IPv6 support
 		if prefix.Addr().Is6() {
-			log.Printf("Skipping IPv6 prefix %s: IPv6 support not yet implemented", prefix)
+			log.Tracef("skipping IPv6 prefix %s: IPv6 support not yet implemented", prefix)
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -493,18 +503,7 @@ func (r *router) createIpSet(setName string, sources []netip.Prefix) (*nftables.
 			nftables.SetElement{Key: lastIP.AsSlice(), IntervalEnd: true},
 		)
 	}
-
+	return elements
-	if err := r.conn.AddSet(set, elements); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error adding elements to set %s: %w", setName, err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("flush error: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	log.Printf("Created new ipset: %s with %d elements", setName, len(elements)/2)
-
-	return set, nil
 }
 
 // calculateLastIP determines the last IP in a given prefix.
@@ -528,8 +527,8 @@ func uint32ToBytes(ip uint32) [4]byte {
 	return b
 }
 
-func (r *router) deleteIpSet(setName string, set *nftables.Set) error {
+func (r *router) deleteIpSet(setName string, nfset *nftables.Set) error {
-	r.conn.DelSet(set)
+	r.conn.DelSet(nfset)
 	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
 	}
@@ -538,13 +537,27 @@ func (r *router) deleteIpSet(setName string, set *nftables.Set) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (r *router) findSetNameInRule(rule *nftables.Rule) string {
+func (r *router) decrementSetCounter(rule *nftables.Rule) error {
+	sets := r.findSets(rule)
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, setName := range sets {
+		if _, err := r.ipsetCounter.Decrement(setName); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("decrement set counter: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *router) findSets(rule *nftables.Rule) []string {
+	var sets []string
 	for _, e := range rule.Exprs {
 		if lookup, ok := e.(*expr.Lookup); ok {
-			return lookup.SetName
+			sets = append(sets, lookup.SetName)
 		}
 	}
-	return ""
+	return sets
 }
 
 func (r *router) deleteNftRule(rule *nftables.Rule, ruleKey string) error {
@@ -586,7 +599,8 @@ func (r *router) AddNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	}
 
 	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("nftables: insert rules for %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
+		// TODO: rollback ipset counter
+		return fmt.Errorf("insert rules for %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -594,19 +608,22 @@ func (r *router) AddNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 
 // addNatRule inserts a nftables rule to the conn client flush queue
 func (r *router) addNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	sourceExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(true, pair.Source)
+	sourceExp, err := r.applyNetwork(pair.Source, nil, true)
-	destExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(false, pair.Destination)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("apply source: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	destExp, err := r.applyNetwork(pair.Destination, nil, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("apply destination: %w", err)
+	}
 
 	op := expr.CmpOpEq
 	if pair.Inverse {
 		op = expr.CmpOpNeq
 	}
 
-	// We only care about NEW connections to mark them and later identify them in the postrouting chain for masquerading.
+	exprs := []expr.Any{
-	// Masquerading will take care of the conntrack state, which means we won't need to mark established connections.
-	exprs := getCtNewExprs()
-	exprs = append(exprs,
-		// interface matching
 		&expr.Meta{
 			Key:      expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME,
 			Register: 1,
@@ -616,7 +633,10 @@ func (r *router) addNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 			Register: 1,
 			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
 		},
-	)
+	}
+	// We only care about NEW connections to mark them and later identify them in the postrouting chain for masquerading.
+	// Masquerading will take care of the conntrack state, which means we won't need to mark established connections.
+	exprs = append(exprs, getCtNewExprs()...)
 
 	exprs = append(exprs, sourceExp...)
 	exprs = append(exprs, destExp...)
@@ -646,7 +666,9 @@ func (r *router) addNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	r.rules[ruleKey] = r.conn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
+	// Ensure nat rules come first, so the mark can be overwritten.
+	// Currently overwritten by the dst-type LOCAL rules for redirected traffic.
+	r.rules[ruleKey] = r.conn.InsertRule(&nftables.Rule{
 		Table:    r.workTable,
 		Chain:    r.chains[chainNameManglePrerouting],
 		Exprs:    exprs,
@@ -729,8 +751,15 @@ func (r *router) addPostroutingRules() error {
 
 // addLegacyRouteRule adds a legacy routing rule for mgmt servers pre route acls
 func (r *router) addLegacyRouteRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	sourceExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(true, pair.Source)
+	sourceExp, err := r.applyNetwork(pair.Source, nil, true)
-	destExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(false, pair.Destination)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("apply source: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	destExp, err := r.applyNetwork(pair.Destination, nil, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("apply destination: %w", err)
+	}
 
 	exprs := []expr.Any{
 		&expr.Counter{},
@@ -739,7 +768,8 @@ func (r *router) addLegacyRouteRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 		},
 	}
 
-	expression := append(sourceExp, append(destExp, exprs...)...) // nolint:gocritic
+	exprs = append(exprs, sourceExp...)
+	exprs = append(exprs, destExp...)
 
 	ruleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.ForwardingFormat, pair)
 
@@ -752,7 +782,7 @@ func (r *router) addLegacyRouteRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	r.rules[ruleKey] = r.conn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
 		Table:    r.workTable,
 		Chain:    r.chains[chainNameRoutingFw],
-		Exprs:    expression,
+		Exprs:    exprs,
 		UserData: []byte(ruleKey),
 	})
 	return nil
@@ -767,11 +797,13 @@ func (r *router) removeLegacyRouteRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("remove legacy forwarding rule %s -> %s: %v", pair.Source, pair.Destination, err)
 		}
 
-		log.Debugf("nftables: removed legacy forwarding rule %s -> %s", pair.Source, pair.Destination)
+		log.Debugf("removed legacy forwarding rule %s -> %s", pair.Source, pair.Destination)
 
 		delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
-	} else {
+
-		log.Debugf("nftables: legacy forwarding rule %s not found", ruleKey)
+		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("decrement set counter: %w", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -982,6 +1014,7 @@ func (r *router) RemoveNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf(refreshRulesMapError, err)
 	}
 
+	if pair.Masquerade {
 		if err := r.removeNatRule(pair); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("remove prerouting rule: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -989,16 +1022,17 @@ func (r *router) RemoveNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 		if err := r.removeNatRule(firewall.GetInversePair(pair)); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("remove inverse prerouting rule: %w", err)
 		}
+	}
 
 	if err := r.removeLegacyRouteRule(pair); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("remove legacy routing rule: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("nftables: received error while applying rule removal for %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
+		// TODO: rollback set counter
+		return fmt.Errorf("remove nat rules rule %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
 	}
 
-	log.Debugf("nftables: removed nat rules for %s", pair.Destination)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -1006,16 +1040,19 @@ func (r *router) removeNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	ruleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat, pair)
 
 	if rule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey]; exists {
-		err := r.conn.DelRule(rule)
+		if err := r.conn.DelRule(rule); err != nil {
-		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("remove prerouting rule %s -> %s: %v", pair.Source, pair.Destination, err)
 		}
 
-		log.Debugf("nftables: removed prerouting rule %s -> %s", pair.Source, pair.Destination)
+		log.Debugf("removed prerouting rule %s -> %s", pair.Source, pair.Destination)
 
 		delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
+
+		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("decrement set counter: %w", err)
+		}
 	} else {
-		log.Debugf("nftables: prerouting rule %s not found", ruleKey)
+		log.Debugf("prerouting rule %s not found", ruleKey)
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -1027,7 +1064,7 @@ func (r *router) refreshRulesMap() error {
 	for _, chain := range r.chains {
 		rules, err := r.conn.GetRules(chain.Table, chain)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("nftables: unable to list rules: %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf(" unable to list rules: %v", err)
 		}
 		for _, rule := range rules {
 			if len(rule.UserData) > 0 {
@@ -1301,13 +1338,54 @@ func (r *router) DeleteDNATRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
-// generateCIDRMatcherExpressions generates nftables expressions that matches a CIDR
+func (r *router) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
-func generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(source bool, prefix netip.Prefix) []expr.Any {
+	nfset, err := r.conn.GetSetByName(r.workTable, set.HashedName())
-	var offset uint32
+	if err != nil {
-	if source {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get set %s: %w", set.HashedName(), err)
-		offset = 12 // src offset
+	}
-	} else {
+
-		offset = 16 // dst offset
+	elements := convertPrefixesToSet(prefixes)
+	if err := r.conn.SetAddElements(nfset, elements); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add elements to set %s: %w", set.HashedName(), err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("updated set %s with prefixes %v", set.HashedName(), prefixes)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// applyNetwork generates nftables expressions for networks (CIDR) or sets
+func (r *router) applyNetwork(
+	network firewall.Network,
+	setPrefixes []netip.Prefix,
+	isSource bool,
+) ([]expr.Any, error) {
+	if network.IsSet() {
+		exprs, err := r.getIpSet(network.Set, setPrefixes, isSource)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("source: %w", err)
+		}
+		return exprs, nil
+	}
+
+	if network.IsPrefix() {
+		return applyPrefix(network.Prefix, isSource), nil
+	}
+
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// applyPrefix generates nftables expressions for a CIDR prefix
+func applyPrefix(prefix netip.Prefix, isSource bool) []expr.Any {
+	// dst offset
+	offset := uint32(16)
+	if isSource {
+		// src offset
+		offset = 12
 	}
 
 	ones := prefix.Bits()
@@ -1415,3 +1493,27 @@ func getCtNewExprs() []expr.Any {
 		},
 	}
 }
+
+func getIpSetExprs(ref refcounter.Ref[*nftables.Set], isSource bool) ([]expr.Any, error) {
+
+	// dst offset
+	offset := uint32(16)
+	if isSource {
+		// src offset
+		offset = 12
+	}
+
+	return []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Payload{
+			DestRegister: 1,
+			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseNetworkHeader,
+			Offset:       offset,
+			Len:          4,
+		},
+		&expr.Lookup{
+			SourceRegister: 1,
+			SetName:        ref.Out.Name,
+			SetID:          ref.Out.ID,
+		},
+	}, nil
+}

client/firewall/nftables/router_linux_test.go

@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ func TestNftablesManager_AddNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 
 				// Build CIDR matching expressions
-				sourceExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(true, testCase.InputPair.Source)
+				sourceExp := applyPrefix(testCase.InputPair.Source.Prefix, true)
-				destExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(false, testCase.InputPair.Destination)
+				destExp := applyPrefix(testCase.InputPair.Destination.Prefix, false)
 
 				// Combine all expressions in the correct order
 				// nolint:gocritic
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ func TestRouter_AddRouteFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			ruleKey, err := r.AddRouteFiltering(nil, tt.sources, tt.destination, tt.proto, tt.sPort, tt.dPort, tt.action)
+			ruleKey, err := r.AddRouteFiltering(nil, tt.sources, firewall.Network{Prefix: tt.destination}, tt.proto, tt.sPort, tt.dPort, tt.action)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "AddRouteFiltering failed")
 
 			t.Cleanup(func() {
@@ -441,8 +441,8 @@ func TestNftablesCreateIpSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			setName := firewall.GenerateSetName(tt.sources)
+			setName := firewall.NewPrefixSet(tt.sources).HashedName()
-			set, err := r.createIpSet(setName, tt.sources)
+			set, err := r.createIpSet(setName, setInput{prefixes: tt.sources})
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Logf("Failed to create IP set: %v", err)
 				printNftSets()

client/firewall/test/cases_linux.go

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ var (
 			Name: "Insert Forwarding IPV4 Rule",
 			InputPair: firewall.RouterPair{
 				ID:          "zxa",
-				Source:      netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.100.1/32"),
+				Source:      firewall.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.100.1/32")},
-				Destination: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.200.0/24"),
+				Destination: firewall.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.200.0/24")},
 				Masquerade:  false,
 			},
 		},
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ var (
 			Name: "Insert Forwarding And Nat IPV4 Rules",
 			InputPair: firewall.RouterPair{
 				ID:          "zxa",
-				Source:      netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.100.1/32"),
+				Source:      firewall.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.100.1/32")},
-				Destination: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.200.0/24"),
+				Destination: firewall.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.200.0/24")},
 				Masquerade:  true,
 			},
 		},
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ var (
 			Name: "Remove Forwarding And Nat IPV4 Rules",
 			InputPair: firewall.RouterPair{
 				ID:          "zxa",
-				Source:      netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.100.1/32"),
+				Source:      firewall.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.100.1/32")},
-				Destination: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.200.0/24"),
+				Destination: firewall.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.100.200.0/24")},
 				Masquerade:  true,
 			},
 		},

client/firewall/uspfilter/allow_netbird.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
 )
 
-// Reset firewall to the default state
+// Close cleans up the firewall manager by removing all rules and closing trackers
 func (m *Manager) Close(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()

client/firewall/uspfilter/allow_netbird_windows.go

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import (
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
 )
 
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ const (
 	firewallRuleName        = "Netbird"
 )
 
-// Reset firewall to the default state
+// Close cleans up the firewall manager by removing all rules and closing trackers
 func (m *Manager) Close(*statemanager.Manager) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
@@ -32,17 +31,14 @@ func (m *Manager) Close(*statemanager.Manager) error {
 
 	if m.udpTracker != nil {
 		m.udpTracker.Close()
-		m.udpTracker = conntrack.NewUDPTracker(conntrack.DefaultUDPTimeout, m.logger, m.flowLogger)
 	}
 
 	if m.icmpTracker != nil {
 		m.icmpTracker.Close()
-		m.icmpTracker = conntrack.NewICMPTracker(conntrack.DefaultICMPTimeout, m.logger, m.flowLogger)
 	}
 
 	if m.tcpTracker != nil {
 		m.tcpTracker.Close()
-		m.tcpTracker = conntrack.NewTCPTracker(conntrack.DefaultTCPTimeout, m.logger, m.flowLogger)
 	}
 
 	if fwder := m.forwarder.Load(); fwder != nil {

client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/forwarder.go

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"runtime"
+	"sync"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/buffer"
@@ -17,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/udp"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/common"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack"
 	nblog "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/log"
 	nftypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/types"
 )
@@ -31,6 +34,8 @@ const (
 type Forwarder struct {
 	logger     *nblog.Logger
 	flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger
+	// ruleIdMap is used to store the rule ID for a given connection
+	ruleIdMap    sync.Map
 	stack        *stack.Stack
 	endpoint     *endpoint
 	udpForwarder *udpForwarder
@@ -167,3 +172,35 @@ func (f *Forwarder) determineDialAddr(addr tcpip.Address) net.IP {
 	}
 	return addr.AsSlice()
 }
+
+func (f *Forwarder) RegisterRuleID(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16, ruleID []byte) {
+	key := buildKey(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
+	f.ruleIdMap.LoadOrStore(key, ruleID)
+}
+
+func (f *Forwarder) getRuleID(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16) ([]byte, bool) {
+
+	if value, ok := f.ruleIdMap.Load(buildKey(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)); ok {
+		return value.([]byte), true
+	} else if value, ok := f.ruleIdMap.Load(buildKey(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort)); ok {
+		return value.([]byte), true
+	}
+
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+func (f *Forwarder) DeleteRuleID(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16) {
+	if _, ok := f.ruleIdMap.LoadAndDelete(buildKey(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)); ok {
+		return
+	}
+	f.ruleIdMap.LoadAndDelete(buildKey(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort))
+}
+
+func buildKey(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16) conntrack.ConnKey {
+	return conntrack.ConnKey{
+		SrcIP:   srcIP,
+		DstIP:   dstIP,
+		SrcPort: srcPort,
+		DstPort: dstPort,
+	}
+}

client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/icmp.go

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleICMP(id stack.TransportEndpointID, pkt stack.PacketBuf
 	}
 
 	flowID := uuid.New()
-	f.sendICMPEvent(nftypes.TypeStart, flowID, id, icmpType, icmpCode)
+	f.sendICMPEvent(nftypes.TypeStart, flowID, id, icmpType, icmpCode, 0, 0)
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(f.ctx, 5*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleICMP(id stack.TransportEndpointID, pkt stack.PacketBuf
 	// TODO: support non-root
 	conn, err := lc.ListenPacket(ctx, "ip4:icmp", "0.0.0.0")
 	if err != nil {
-		f.logger.Error("Failed to create ICMP socket for %v: %v", epID(id), err)
+		f.logger.Error("forwarder: Failed to create ICMP socket for %v: %v", epID(id), err)
 
 		// This will make netstack reply on behalf of the original destination, that's ok for now
 		return false
 	}
 	defer func() {
 		if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
-			f.logger.Debug("Failed to close ICMP socket: %v", err)
+			f.logger.Debug("forwarder: Failed to close ICMP socket: %v", err)
 		}
 	}()
 
@@ -52,36 +52,37 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleICMP(id stack.TransportEndpointID, pkt stack.PacketBuf
 	payload := fullPacket.AsSlice()
 
 	if _, err = conn.WriteTo(payload, dst); err != nil {
-		f.logger.Error("Failed to write ICMP packet for %v: %v", epID(id), err)
+		f.logger.Error("forwarder: Failed to write ICMP packet for %v: %v", epID(id), err)
 		return true
 	}
 
-	f.logger.Trace("Forwarded ICMP packet %v type %v code %v",
+	f.logger.Trace("forwarder: Forwarded ICMP packet %v type %v code %v",
 		epID(id), icmpHdr.Type(), icmpHdr.Code())
 
 	// For Echo Requests, send and handle response
 	if header.ICMPv4Type(icmpType) == header.ICMPv4Echo {
-		f.handleEchoResponse(icmpHdr, conn, id)
+		rxBytes := pkt.Size()
-		f.sendICMPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, flowID, id, icmpType, icmpCode)
+		txBytes := f.handleEchoResponse(icmpHdr, conn, id)
+		f.sendICMPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, flowID, id, icmpType, icmpCode, uint64(rxBytes), uint64(txBytes))
 	}
 
 	// For other ICMP types (Time Exceeded, Destination Unreachable, etc) do nothing
 	return true
 }
 
-func (f *Forwarder) handleEchoResponse(icmpHdr header.ICMPv4, conn net.PacketConn, id stack.TransportEndpointID) {
+func (f *Forwarder) handleEchoResponse(icmpHdr header.ICMPv4, conn net.PacketConn, id stack.TransportEndpointID) int {
 	if err := conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second)); err != nil {
-		f.logger.Error("Failed to set read deadline for ICMP response: %v", err)
+		f.logger.Error("forwarder: Failed to set read deadline for ICMP response: %v", err)
-		return
+		return 0
 	}
 
 	response := make([]byte, f.endpoint.mtu)
 	n, _, err := conn.ReadFrom(response)
 	if err != nil {
 		if !isTimeout(err) {
-			f.logger.Error("Failed to read ICMP response: %v", err)
+			f.logger.Error("forwarder: Failed to read ICMP response: %v", err)
 		}
-		return
+		return 0
 	}
 
 	ipHdr := make([]byte, header.IPv4MinimumSize)
@@ -100,28 +101,54 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleEchoResponse(icmpHdr header.ICMPv4, conn net.PacketCon
 	fullPacket = append(fullPacket, response[:n]...)
 
 	if err := f.InjectIncomingPacket(fullPacket); err != nil {
-		f.logger.Error("Failed to inject ICMP response: %v", err)
+		f.logger.Error("forwarder: Failed to inject ICMP response: %v", err)
 
-		return
+		return 0
 	}
 
-	f.logger.Trace("Forwarded ICMP echo reply for %v type %v code %v",
+	f.logger.Trace("forwarder: Forwarded ICMP echo reply for %v type %v code %v",
 		epID(id), icmpHdr.Type(), icmpHdr.Code())
+
+	return len(fullPacket)
 }
 
 // sendICMPEvent stores flow events for ICMP packets
-func (f *Forwarder) sendICMPEvent(typ nftypes.Type, flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndpointID, icmpType, icmpCode uint8) {
+func (f *Forwarder) sendICMPEvent(typ nftypes.Type, flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndpointID, icmpType, icmpCode uint8, rxBytes, txBytes uint64) {
-	f.flowLogger.StoreEvent(nftypes.EventFields{
+	var rxPackets, txPackets uint64
+	if rxBytes > 0 {
+		rxPackets = 1
+	}
+	if txBytes > 0 {
+		txPackets = 1
+	}
+
+	srcIp := netip.AddrFrom4(id.RemoteAddress.As4())
+	dstIp := netip.AddrFrom4(id.LocalAddress.As4())
+
+	fields := nftypes.EventFields{
 		FlowID:    flowID,
 		Type:      typ,
 		Direction: nftypes.Ingress,
 		Protocol:  nftypes.ICMP,
 		// TODO: handle ipv6
-		SourceIP: netip.AddrFrom4(id.RemoteAddress.As4()),
+		SourceIP: srcIp,
-		DestIP:   netip.AddrFrom4(id.LocalAddress.As4()),
+		DestIP:   dstIp,
 		ICMPType: icmpType,
 		ICMPCode: icmpCode,
 
-		// TODO: get packets/bytes
+		RxBytes:   rxBytes,
-	})
+		TxBytes:   txBytes,
+		RxPackets: rxPackets,
+		TxPackets: txPackets,
+	}
+
+	if typ == nftypes.TypeStart {
+		if ruleId, ok := f.getRuleID(srcIp, dstIp, id.RemotePort, id.LocalPort); ok {
+			fields.RuleID = ruleId
+		}
+	} else {
+		f.DeleteRuleID(srcIp, dstIp, id.RemotePort, id.LocalPort)
+	}
+
+	f.flowLogger.StoreEvent(fields)
 }

client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/tcp.go

@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
+	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
+
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/adapters/gonet"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/stack"
@@ -23,11 +25,11 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleTCP(r *tcp.ForwarderRequest) {
 
 	flowID := uuid.New()
 
-	f.sendTCPEvent(nftypes.TypeStart, flowID, id, nil)
+	f.sendTCPEvent(nftypes.TypeStart, flowID, id, 0, 0, 0, 0)
 	var success bool
 	defer func() {
 		if !success {
-			f.sendTCPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, flowID, id, nil)
+			f.sendTCPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, flowID, id, 0, 0, 0, 0)
 		}
 	}()
 
@@ -65,67 +67,97 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleTCP(r *tcp.ForwarderRequest) {
 }
 
 func (f *Forwarder) proxyTCP(id stack.TransportEndpointID, inConn *gonet.TCPConn, outConn net.Conn, ep tcpip.Endpoint, flowID uuid.UUID) {
-	defer func() {
-		if err := inConn.Close(); err != nil {
-			f.logger.Debug("forwarder: inConn close error: %v", err)
-		}
-		if err := outConn.Close(); err != nil {
-			f.logger.Debug("forwarder: outConn close error: %v", err)
-		}
-		ep.Close()
 
-		f.sendTCPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, flowID, id, ep)
-	}()
-
-	// Create context for managing the proxy goroutines
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(f.ctx)
 	defer cancel()
 
-	errChan := make(chan error, 2)
+	go func() {
+		<-ctx.Done()
+		// Close connections and endpoint.
+		if err := inConn.Close(); err != nil && !isClosedError(err) {
+			f.logger.Debug("forwarder: inConn close error: %v", err)
+		}
+		if err := outConn.Close(); err != nil && !isClosedError(err) {
+			f.logger.Debug("forwarder: outConn close error: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		ep.Close()
+	}()
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(2)
+
+	var (
+		bytesFromInToOut int64 // bytes from client to server (tx for client)
+		bytesFromOutToIn int64 // bytes from server to client (rx for client)
+		errInToOut       error
+		errOutToIn       error
+	)
 
 	go func() {
-		_, err := io.Copy(outConn, inConn)
+		bytesFromInToOut, errInToOut = io.Copy(outConn, inConn)
-		errChan <- err
+		cancel()
+		wg.Done()
 	}()
 
 	go func() {
-		_, err := io.Copy(inConn, outConn)
+
-		errChan <- err
+		bytesFromOutToIn, errOutToIn = io.Copy(inConn, outConn)
+		cancel()
+		wg.Done()
 	}()
 
-	select {
+	wg.Wait()
-	case <-ctx.Done():
+
-		f.logger.Trace("forwarder: tearing down TCP connection %v due to context done", epID(id))
+	if errInToOut != nil {
-		return
+		if !isClosedError(errInToOut) {
-	case err := <-errChan:
+			f.logger.Error("proxyTCP: copy error (in -> out): %v", errInToOut)
-		if err != nil && !isClosedError(err) {
-			f.logger.Error("proxyTCP: copy error: %v", err)
 		}
-		f.logger.Trace("forwarder: tearing down TCP connection %v", epID(id))
-		return
 	}
+	if errOutToIn != nil {
+		if !isClosedError(errOutToIn) {
+			f.logger.Error("proxyTCP: copy error (out -> in): %v", errOutToIn)
+		}
+	}
+
+	var rxPackets, txPackets uint64
+	if tcpStats, ok := ep.Stats().(*tcp.Stats); ok {
+		// fields are flipped since this is the in conn
+		rxPackets = tcpStats.SegmentsSent.Value()
+		txPackets = tcpStats.SegmentsReceived.Value()
+	}
+
+	f.logger.Trace("forwarder: Removed TCP connection %s [in: %d Pkts/%d B, out: %d Pkts/%d B]", epID(id), rxPackets, bytesFromOutToIn, txPackets, bytesFromInToOut)
+
+	f.sendTCPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, flowID, id, uint64(bytesFromOutToIn), uint64(bytesFromInToOut), rxPackets, txPackets)
 }
 
-func (f *Forwarder) sendTCPEvent(typ nftypes.Type, flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndpointID, ep tcpip.Endpoint) {
+func (f *Forwarder) sendTCPEvent(typ nftypes.Type, flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndpointID, rxBytes, txBytes, rxPackets, txPackets uint64) {
+	srcIp := netip.AddrFrom4(id.RemoteAddress.As4())
+	dstIp := netip.AddrFrom4(id.LocalAddress.As4())
+
 	fields := nftypes.EventFields{
 		FlowID:    flowID,
 		Type:      typ,
 		Direction: nftypes.Ingress,
 		Protocol:  nftypes.TCP,
 		// TODO: handle ipv6
-		SourceIP:   netip.AddrFrom4(id.RemoteAddress.As4()),
+		SourceIP:   srcIp,
-		DestIP:     netip.AddrFrom4(id.LocalAddress.As4()),
+		DestIP:     dstIp,
 		SourcePort: id.RemotePort,
 		DestPort:   id.LocalPort,
+		RxBytes:    rxBytes,
+		TxBytes:    txBytes,
+		RxPackets:  rxPackets,
+		TxPackets:  txPackets,
 	}
 
-	if ep != nil {
+	if typ == nftypes.TypeStart {
-		if tcpStats, ok := ep.Stats().(*tcp.Stats); ok {
+		if ruleId, ok := f.getRuleID(srcIp, dstIp, id.RemotePort, id.LocalPort); ok {
-			// fields are flipped since this is the in conn
+			fields.RuleID = ruleId
-			// TODO: get bytes
-			fields.RxPackets = tcpStats.SegmentsSent.Value()
-			fields.TxPackets = tcpStats.SegmentsReceived.Value()
 		}
+	} else {
+		f.DeleteRuleID(srcIp, dstIp, id.RemotePort, id.LocalPort)
 	}
 
 	f.flowLogger.StoreEvent(fields)

client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/udp.go

@@ -149,11 +149,11 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleUDP(r *udp.ForwarderRequest) {
 
 	flowID := uuid.New()
 
-	f.sendUDPEvent(nftypes.TypeStart, flowID, id, nil)
+	f.sendUDPEvent(nftypes.TypeStart, flowID, id, 0, 0, 0, 0)
 	var success bool
 	defer func() {
 		if !success {
-			f.sendUDPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, flowID, id, nil)
+			f.sendUDPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, flowID, id, 0, 0, 0, 0)
 		}
 	}()
 
@@ -199,7 +199,6 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleUDP(r *udp.ForwarderRequest) {
 		if err := outConn.Close(); err != nil {
 			f.logger.Debug("forwarder: UDP outConn close error for %v: %v", epID(id), err)
 		}
-
 		return
 	}
 	f.udpForwarder.conns[id] = pConn
@@ -212,68 +211,94 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleUDP(r *udp.ForwarderRequest) {
 }
 
 func (f *Forwarder) proxyUDP(ctx context.Context, pConn *udpPacketConn, id stack.TransportEndpointID, ep tcpip.Endpoint) {
-	defer func() {
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(f.ctx)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	go func() {
+		<-ctx.Done()
+
 		pConn.cancel()
-		if err := pConn.conn.Close(); err != nil {
+		if err := pConn.conn.Close(); err != nil && !isClosedError(err) {
 			f.logger.Debug("forwarder: UDP inConn close error for %v: %v", epID(id), err)
 		}
-		if err := pConn.outConn.Close(); err != nil {
+		if err := pConn.outConn.Close(); err != nil && !isClosedError(err) {
 			f.logger.Debug("forwarder: UDP outConn close error for %v: %v", epID(id), err)
 		}
 
 		ep.Close()
+	}()
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(2)
+
+	var txBytes, rxBytes int64
+	var outboundErr, inboundErr error
+
+	// outbound->inbound: copy from pConn.conn to pConn.outConn
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		txBytes, outboundErr = pConn.copy(ctx, pConn.conn, pConn.outConn, &f.udpForwarder.bufPool, "outbound->inbound")
+	}()
+
+	// inbound->outbound: copy from pConn.outConn to pConn.conn
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		rxBytes, inboundErr = pConn.copy(ctx, pConn.outConn, pConn.conn, &f.udpForwarder.bufPool, "inbound->outbound")
+	}()
+
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	if outboundErr != nil && !isClosedError(outboundErr) {
+		f.logger.Error("proxyUDP: copy error (outbound->inbound): %v", outboundErr)
+	}
+	if inboundErr != nil && !isClosedError(inboundErr) {
+		f.logger.Error("proxyUDP: copy error (inbound->outbound): %v", inboundErr)
+	}
+
+	var rxPackets, txPackets uint64
+	if udpStats, ok := ep.Stats().(*tcpip.TransportEndpointStats); ok {
+		// fields are flipped since this is the in conn
+		rxPackets = udpStats.PacketsSent.Value()
+		txPackets = udpStats.PacketsReceived.Value()
+	}
+
+	f.logger.Trace("forwarder: Removed UDP connection %s [in: %d Pkts/%d B, out: %d Pkts/%d B]", epID(id), rxPackets, rxBytes, txPackets, txBytes)
 
 	f.udpForwarder.Lock()
 	delete(f.udpForwarder.conns, id)
 	f.udpForwarder.Unlock()
 
-		f.sendUDPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, pConn.flowID, id, ep)
+	f.sendUDPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, pConn.flowID, id, uint64(rxBytes), uint64(txBytes), rxPackets, txPackets)
-	}()
-
-	errChan := make(chan error, 2)
-
-	go func() {
-		errChan <- pConn.copy(ctx, pConn.conn, pConn.outConn, &f.udpForwarder.bufPool, "outbound->inbound")
-	}()
-
-	go func() {
-		errChan <- pConn.copy(ctx, pConn.outConn, pConn.conn, &f.udpForwarder.bufPool, "inbound->outbound")
-	}()
-
-	select {
-	case <-ctx.Done():
-		f.logger.Trace("forwarder: tearing down UDP connection %v due to context done", epID(id))
-		return
-	case err := <-errChan:
-		if err != nil && !isClosedError(err) {
-			f.logger.Error("proxyUDP: copy error: %v", err)
-		}
-		f.logger.Trace("forwarder: tearing down UDP connection %v", epID(id))
-		return
-	}
 }
 
 // sendUDPEvent stores flow events for UDP connections
-func (f *Forwarder) sendUDPEvent(typ nftypes.Type, flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndpointID, ep tcpip.Endpoint) {
+func (f *Forwarder) sendUDPEvent(typ nftypes.Type, flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndpointID, rxBytes, txBytes, rxPackets, txPackets uint64) {
+	srcIp := netip.AddrFrom4(id.RemoteAddress.As4())
+	dstIp := netip.AddrFrom4(id.LocalAddress.As4())
+
 	fields := nftypes.EventFields{
 		FlowID:    flowID,
 		Type:      typ,
 		Direction: nftypes.Ingress,
 		Protocol:  nftypes.UDP,
 		// TODO: handle ipv6
-		SourceIP:   netip.AddrFrom4(id.RemoteAddress.As4()),
+		SourceIP:   srcIp,
-		DestIP:     netip.AddrFrom4(id.LocalAddress.As4()),
+		DestIP:     dstIp,
 		SourcePort: id.RemotePort,
 		DestPort:   id.LocalPort,
+		RxBytes:    rxBytes,
+		TxBytes:    txBytes,
+		RxPackets:  rxPackets,
+		TxPackets:  txPackets,
 	}
 
-	if ep != nil {
+	if typ == nftypes.TypeStart {
-		if tcpStats, ok := ep.Stats().(*tcpip.TransportEndpointStats); ok {
+		if ruleId, ok := f.getRuleID(srcIp, dstIp, id.RemotePort, id.LocalPort); ok {
-			// fields are flipped since this is the in conn
+			fields.RuleID = ruleId
-			// TODO: get bytes
-			fields.RxPackets = tcpStats.PacketsSent.Value()
-			fields.TxPackets = tcpStats.PacketsReceived.Value()
 		}
+	} else {
+		f.DeleteRuleID(srcIp, dstIp, id.RemotePort, id.LocalPort)
 	}
 
 	f.flowLogger.StoreEvent(fields)
@@ -288,18 +313,20 @@ func (c *udpPacketConn) getIdleDuration() time.Duration {
 	return time.Since(lastSeen)
 }
 
-func (c *udpPacketConn) copy(ctx context.Context, dst net.Conn, src net.Conn, bufPool *sync.Pool, direction string) error {
+// copy reads from src and writes to dst.
+func (c *udpPacketConn) copy(ctx context.Context, dst net.Conn, src net.Conn, bufPool *sync.Pool, direction string) (int64, error) {
 	bufp := bufPool.Get().(*[]byte)
 	defer bufPool.Put(bufp)
 	buffer := *bufp
+	var totalBytes int64 = 0
 
 	for {
 		if ctx.Err() != nil {
-			return ctx.Err()
+			return totalBytes, ctx.Err()
 		}
 
 		if err := src.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(udpTimeout)); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("set read deadline: %w", err)
+			return totalBytes, fmt.Errorf("set read deadline: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		n, err := src.Read(buffer)
@@ -307,14 +334,15 @@ func (c *udpPacketConn) copy(ctx context.Context, dst net.Conn, src net.Conn, bu
 			if isTimeout(err) {
 				continue
 			}
-			return fmt.Errorf("read from %s: %w", direction, err)
+			return totalBytes, fmt.Errorf("read from %s: %w", direction, err)
 		}
 
-		_, err = dst.Write(buffer[:n])
+		nWritten, err := dst.Write(buffer[:n])
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("write to %s: %w", direction, err)
+			return totalBytes, fmt.Errorf("write to %s: %w", direction, err)
 		}
 
+		totalBytes += int64(nWritten)
 		c.updateLastSeen()
 	}
 }

client/firewall/uspfilter/rule.go

@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ type RouteRule struct {
 	id           string
 	mgmtId       []byte
 	sources      []netip.Prefix
-	destination netip.Prefix
+	dstSet       firewall.Set
+	destinations []netip.Prefix
 	proto        firewall.Protocol
 	srcPort      *firewall.Port
 	dstPort      *firewall.Port

client/firewall/uspfilter/tracer_test.go

@@ -198,12 +198,12 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 				m.forwarder.Store(&forwarder.Forwarder{})
 
 				src := netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{1, 1, 1, 1}), 32)
-				dst := netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{172, 17, 0, 2}), 32)
+				dst := netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 17, 2}), 32)
-				_, err := m.AddRouteFiltering(nil, []netip.Prefix{src}, dst, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionAccept)
+				_, err := m.AddRouteFiltering(nil, []netip.Prefix{src}, fw.Network{Prefix: dst}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionAccept)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			},
 			packetBuilder: func() *PacketBuilder {
-				return createPacketBuilder("1.1.1.1", "172.17.0.2", "tcp", 12345, 80, fw.RuleDirectionIN)
+				return createPacketBuilder("1.1.1.1", "192.168.17.2", "tcp", 12345, 80, fw.RuleDirectionIN)
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
@@ -222,12 +222,12 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 				m.nativeRouter.Store(false)
 
 				src := netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{1, 1, 1, 1}), 32)
-				dst := netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{172, 17, 0, 2}), 32)
+				dst := netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 17, 2}), 32)
-				_, err := m.AddRouteFiltering(nil, []netip.Prefix{src}, dst, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionDrop)
+				_, err := m.AddRouteFiltering(nil, []netip.Prefix{src}, fw.Network{Prefix: dst}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionDrop)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			},
 			packetBuilder: func() *PacketBuilder {
-				return createPacketBuilder("1.1.1.1", "172.17.0.2", "tcp", 12345, 80, fw.RuleDirectionIN)
+				return createPacketBuilder("1.1.1.1", "192.168.17.2", "tcp", 12345, 80, fw.RuleDirectionIN)
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 				m.nativeRouter.Store(true)
 			},
 			packetBuilder: func() *PacketBuilder {
-				return createPacketBuilder("1.1.1.1", "172.17.0.2", "tcp", 12345, 80, fw.RuleDirectionIN)
+				return createPacketBuilder("1.1.1.1", "192.168.17.2", "tcp", 12345, 80, fw.RuleDirectionIN)
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 				m.routingEnabled.Store(false)
 			},
 			packetBuilder: func() *PacketBuilder {
-				return createPacketBuilder("1.1.1.1", "172.17.0.2", "tcp", 12345, 80, fw.RuleDirectionIN)
+				return createPacketBuilder("1.1.1.1", "192.168.17.2", "tcp", 12345, 80, fw.RuleDirectionIN)
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
@@ -425,8 +425,8 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 
 			require.True(t, m.localipmanager.IsLocalIP(netip.MustParseAddr("100.10.0.100")),
 				"100.10.0.100 should be recognized as a local IP")
-			require.False(t, m.localipmanager.IsLocalIP(netip.MustParseAddr("172.17.0.2")),
+			require.False(t, m.localipmanager.IsLocalIP(netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.17.2")),
-				"172.17.0.2 should not be recognized as a local IP")
+				"192.168.17.2 should not be recognized as a local IP")
 
 			pb := tc.packetBuilder()
 

client/firewall/uspfilter/uspfilter.go

@@ -49,10 +49,10 @@ var errNatNotSupported = errors.New("nat not supported with userspace firewall")
 // RuleSet is a set of rules grouped by a string key
 type RuleSet map[string]PeerRule
 
-type RouteRules []RouteRule
+type RouteRules []*RouteRule
 
 func (r RouteRules) Sort() {
-	slices.SortStableFunc(r, func(a, b RouteRule) int {
+	slices.SortStableFunc(r, func(a, b *RouteRule) int {
 		// Deny rules come first
 		if a.action == firewall.ActionDrop && b.action != firewall.ActionDrop {
 			return -1
@@ -99,6 +99,8 @@ type Manager struct {
 	forwarder   atomic.Pointer[forwarder.Forwarder]
 	logger      *nblog.Logger
 	flowLogger  nftypes.FlowLogger
+
+	blockRule firewall.Rule
 }
 
 // decoder for packages
@@ -201,41 +203,35 @@ func create(iface common.IFaceMapper, nativeFirewall firewall.Manager, disableSe
 		}
 	}
 
-	if err := m.blockInvalidRouted(iface); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to block invalid routed traffic: %v", err)
-	}
-
 	if err := iface.SetFilter(m); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set filter: %w", err)
 	}
 	return m, nil
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) blockInvalidRouted(iface common.IFaceMapper) error {
+func (m *Manager) blockInvalidRouted(iface common.IFaceMapper) (firewall.Rule, error) {
-	if m.forwarder.Load() == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
 	wgPrefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(iface.Address().Network.String())
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("parse wireguard network: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse wireguard network: %w", err)
 	}
 	log.Debugf("blocking invalid routed traffic for %s", wgPrefix)
 
-	if _, err := m.AddRouteFiltering(
+	rule, err := m.addRouteFiltering(
 		nil,
 		[]netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0)},
-		wgPrefix,
+		firewall.Network{Prefix: wgPrefix},
 		firewall.ProtocolALL,
 		nil,
 		nil,
 		firewall.ActionDrop,
-	); err != nil {
+	)
-		return fmt.Errorf("block wg nte : %w", err)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("block wg nte : %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// TODO: Block networks that we're a client of
 
-	return nil
+	return rule, nil
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) determineRouting() error {
@@ -413,10 +409,23 @@ func (m *Manager) AddPeerFiltering(
 func (m *Manager) AddRouteFiltering(
 	id []byte,
 	sources []netip.Prefix,
-	destination netip.Prefix,
+	destination firewall.Network,
 	proto firewall.Protocol,
-	sPort *firewall.Port,
+	sPort, dPort *firewall.Port,
-	dPort *firewall.Port,
+	action firewall.Action,
+) (firewall.Rule, error) {
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	return m.addRouteFiltering(id, sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) addRouteFiltering(
+	id []byte,
+	sources []netip.Prefix,
+	destination firewall.Network,
+	proto firewall.Protocol,
+	sPort, dPort *firewall.Port,
 	action firewall.Action,
 ) (firewall.Rule, error) {
 	if m.nativeRouter.Load() && m.nativeFirewall != nil {
@@ -429,31 +438,36 @@ func (m *Manager) AddRouteFiltering(
 		id:      ruleID,
 		mgmtId:  id,
 		sources: sources,
-		destination: destination,
+		dstSet:  destination.Set,
 		proto:   proto,
 		srcPort: sPort,
 		dstPort: dPort,
 		action:  action,
 	}
+	if destination.IsPrefix() {
+		rule.destinations = []netip.Prefix{destination.Prefix}
+	}
 
-	m.mutex.Lock()
+	m.routeRules = append(m.routeRules, &rule)
-	m.routeRules = append(m.routeRules, rule)
 	m.routeRules.Sort()
-	m.mutex.Unlock()
 
 	return &rule, nil
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) DeleteRouteRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	return m.deleteRouteRule(rule)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) deleteRouteRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	if m.nativeRouter.Load() && m.nativeFirewall != nil {
 		return m.nativeFirewall.DeleteRouteRule(rule)
 	}
 
-	m.mutex.Lock()
-	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
-
 	ruleID := rule.ID()
-	idx := slices.IndexFunc(m.routeRules, func(r RouteRule) bool {
+	idx := slices.IndexFunc(m.routeRules, func(r *RouteRule) bool {
 		return r.id == ruleID
 	})
 	if idx < 0 {
@@ -509,6 +523,52 @@ func (m *Manager) DeleteDNATRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	return m.nativeFirewall.DeleteDNATRule(rule)
 }
 
+// UpdateSet updates the rule destinations associated with the given set
+// by merging the existing prefixes with the new ones, then deduplicating.
+func (m *Manager) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
+	if m.nativeRouter.Load() && m.nativeFirewall != nil {
+		return m.nativeFirewall.UpdateSet(set, prefixes)
+	}
+
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	var matches []*RouteRule
+	for _, rule := range m.routeRules {
+		if rule.dstSet == set {
+			matches = append(matches, rule)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(matches) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no route rule found for set: %s", set)
+	}
+
+	destinations := matches[0].destinations
+	for _, prefix := range prefixes {
+		if prefix.Addr().Is4() {
+			destinations = append(destinations, prefix)
+		}
+	}
+
+	slices.SortFunc(destinations, func(a, b netip.Prefix) int {
+		cmp := a.Addr().Compare(b.Addr())
+		if cmp != 0 {
+			return cmp
+		}
+		return a.Bits() - b.Bits()
+	})
+
+	destinations = slices.Compact(destinations)
+
+	for _, rule := range matches {
+		rule.destinations = destinations
+	}
+	log.Debugf("updated set %s to prefixes %v", set.HashedName(), destinations)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // DropOutgoing filter outgoing packets
 func (m *Manager) DropOutgoing(packetData []byte, size int) bool {
 	return m.processOutgoingHooks(packetData, size)
@@ -658,7 +718,8 @@ func (m *Manager) dropFilter(packetData []byte, size int) bool {
 	d := m.decoders.Get().(*decoder)
 	defer m.decoders.Put(d)
 
-	if !m.isValidPacket(d, packetData) {
+	valid, fragment := m.isValidPacket(d, packetData)
+	if !valid {
 		return true
 	}
 
@@ -668,6 +729,13 @@ func (m *Manager) dropFilter(packetData []byte, size int) bool {
 		return true
 	}
 
+	// TODO: pass fragments of routed packets to forwarder
+	if fragment {
+		m.logger.Trace("packet is a fragment: src=%v dst=%v id=%v flags=%v",
+			srcIP, dstIP, d.ip4.Id, d.ip4.Flags)
+		return false
+	}
+
 	// For all inbound traffic, first check if it matches a tracked connection.
 	// This must happen before any other filtering because the packets are statefully tracked.
 	if m.stateful && m.isValidTrackedConnection(d, srcIP, dstIP, size) {
@@ -756,7 +824,8 @@ func (m *Manager) handleRoutedTraffic(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, packe
 	proto, pnum := getProtocolFromPacket(d)
 	srcPort, dstPort := getPortsFromPacket(d)
 
-	if ruleID, pass := m.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP, proto, srcPort, dstPort); !pass {
+	ruleID, pass := m.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP, proto, srcPort, dstPort)
+	if !pass {
 		m.logger.Trace("Dropping routed packet (ACL denied): rule_id=%s proto=%v src=%s:%d dst=%s:%d",
 			ruleID, pnum, srcIP, srcPort, dstIP, dstPort)
 
@@ -782,8 +851,11 @@ func (m *Manager) handleRoutedTraffic(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, packe
 	if fwd == nil {
 		m.logger.Trace("failed to forward routed packet (forwarder not initialized)")
 	} else {
+		fwd.RegisterRuleID(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, ruleID)
+
 		if err := fwd.InjectIncomingPacket(packetData); err != nil {
 			m.logger.Error("Failed to inject routed packet: %v", err)
+			fwd.DeleteRuleID(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -815,17 +887,32 @@ func getPortsFromPacket(d *decoder) (srcPort, dstPort uint16) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) isValidPacket(d *decoder, packetData []byte) bool {
+// isValidPacket checks if the packet is valid.
+// It returns true, false if the packet is valid and not a fragment.
+// It returns true, true if the packet is a fragment and valid.
+func (m *Manager) isValidPacket(d *decoder, packetData []byte) (bool, bool) {
 	if err := d.parser.DecodeLayers(packetData, &d.decoded); err != nil {
 		m.logger.Trace("couldn't decode packet, err: %s", err)
-		return false
+		return false, false
 	}
 
-	if len(d.decoded) < 2 {
+	l := len(d.decoded)
-		m.logger.Trace("packet doesn't have network and transport layers")
+
-		return false
+	// L3 and L4 are mandatory
+	if l >= 2 {
+		return true, false
 	}
-	return true
+
+	// Fragments are also valid
+	if l == 1 && d.decoded[0] == layers.LayerTypeIPv4 {
+		ip4 := d.ip4
+		if ip4.Flags&layers.IPv4MoreFragments != 0 || ip4.FragOffset != 0 {
+			return true, true
+		}
+	}
+
+	m.logger.Trace("packet doesn't have network and transport layers")
+	return false, false
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) isValidTrackedConnection(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, size int) bool {
@@ -965,8 +1052,15 @@ func (m *Manager) routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, proto firewall.Protocol
 	return nil, false
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) ruleMatches(rule RouteRule, srcAddr, dstAddr netip.Addr, proto firewall.Protocol, srcPort, dstPort uint16) bool {
+func (m *Manager) ruleMatches(rule *RouteRule, srcAddr, dstAddr netip.Addr, proto firewall.Protocol, srcPort, dstPort uint16) bool {
-	if !rule.destination.Contains(dstAddr) {
+	destMatched := false
+	for _, dst := range rule.destinations {
+		if dst.Contains(dstAddr) {
+			destMatched = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !destMatched {
 		return false
 	}
 
@@ -1068,7 +1162,22 @@ func (m *Manager) EnableRouting() error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.determineRouting()
+	if err := m.determineRouting(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("determine routing: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if m.forwarder.Load() == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	rule, err := m.blockInvalidRouted(m.wgIface)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("block invalid routed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	m.blockRule = rule
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) DisableRouting() error {
@@ -1093,5 +1202,12 @@ func (m *Manager) DisableRouting() error {
 
 	log.Debug("forwarder stopped")
 
+	if m.blockRule != nil {
+		if err := m.deleteRouteRule(m.blockRule); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("delete block rule: %w", err)
+		}
+		m.blockRule = nil
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }

client/firewall/uspfilter/uspfilter_filter_test.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/mocks"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
 )
 
 func TestPeerACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
@@ -188,6 +189,281 @@ func TestPeerACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
 			shouldBeBlocked: true,
 		},
+		{
+			name:            "Allow TCP traffic without port specification",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         443,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Allow UDP traffic without port specification",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         53,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "TCP packet doesn't match UDP filter with same port",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         443,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "UDP packet doesn't match TCP filter with same port",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         443,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "ICMP packet doesn't match TCP filter",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolICMP,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "ICMP packet doesn't match UDP filter",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolICMP,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Allow TCP traffic within port range",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         8080,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{IsRange: true, Values: []uint16{8000, 8100}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Block TCP traffic outside port range",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         7999,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{IsRange: true, Values: []uint16{8000, 8100}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Edge Case - Port at Range Boundary",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         8100,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{IsRange: true, Values: []uint16{8000, 8100}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "UDP Port Range",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         5060,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{IsRange: true, Values: []uint16{5060, 5070}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Allow multiple destination ports",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         8080,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80, 8080, 443}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Allow multiple source ports",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         80,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleSrcPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{12345, 12346, 12347}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: false,
+		},
+		// New drop test cases
+		{
+			name:            "Drop TCP traffic from WG peer",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         443,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionDrop,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Drop UDP traffic from WG peer",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         53,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{53}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionDrop,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Drop ICMP traffic from WG peer",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolICMP,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolICMP,
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionDrop,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Drop all traffic from WG peer",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         443,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolALL,
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionDrop,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Drop traffic from multiple source ports",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         80,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleSrcPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{12345, 12346, 12347}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionDrop,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Drop multiple destination ports",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         8080,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80, 8080, 443}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionDrop,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Drop TCP traffic within port range",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         8080,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{IsRange: true, Values: []uint16{8000, 8100}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionDrop,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Accept TCP traffic outside drop port range",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         7999,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{IsRange: true, Values: []uint16{8000, 8100}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionDrop,
+			shouldBeBlocked: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Drop TCP traffic with source port range",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         32100,
+			dstPort:         80,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleSrcPort:     &fw.Port{IsRange: true, Values: []uint16{32000, 33000}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionDrop,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Mixed rule - drop specific port but allow other ports",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         443,
+			ruleIP:          "100.10.0.1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionDrop,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
 	}
 
 	t.Run("Implicit DROP (no rules)", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -198,6 +474,28 @@ func TestPeerACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+
+			if tc.ruleAction == fw.ActionDrop {
+				// add general accept rule to test drop rule
+				// TODO: this only works because 0.0.0.0 is tested last, we need to implement order
+				rules, err := manager.AddPeerFiltering(
+					nil,
+					net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0"),
+					fw.ProtocolALL,
+					nil,
+					nil,
+					fw.ActionAccept,
+					"",
+				)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.NotEmpty(t, rules)
+				t.Cleanup(func() {
+					for _, rule := range rules {
+						require.NoError(t, manager.DeletePeerRule(rule))
+					}
+				})
+			}
+
 			rules, err := manager.AddPeerFiltering(
 				nil,
 				net.ParseIP(tc.ruleIP),
@@ -303,8 +601,8 @@ func setupRoutedManager(tb testing.TB, network string) *Manager {
 	}
 
 	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger)
-	require.NoError(tb, manager.EnableRouting())
 	require.NoError(tb, err)
+	require.NoError(tb, manager.EnableRouting())
 	require.NotNil(tb, manager)
 	require.True(tb, manager.routingEnabled.Load())
 	require.False(tb, manager.nativeRouter.Load())
@@ -321,7 +619,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 
 	type rule struct {
 		sources []netip.Prefix
-		dest    netip.Prefix
+		dest    fw.Network
 		proto   fw.Protocol
 		srcPort *fw.Port
 		dstPort *fw.Port
@@ -347,7 +645,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 443,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -363,7 +661,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 443,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -379,7 +677,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 443,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -395,7 +693,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 53,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolUDP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{53}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -409,7 +707,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			proto: fw.ProtocolICMP,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolICMP,
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
 			},
@@ -424,7 +722,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 80,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolALL,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -440,7 +738,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 8080,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -456,7 +754,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 80,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -472,7 +770,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 80,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -488,7 +786,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 80,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				srcPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{12345}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -507,7 +805,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 					netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16"),
 					netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/16"),
 				},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -521,7 +819,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			proto: fw.ProtocolICMP,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolALL,
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
 			},
@@ -536,33 +834,13 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 80,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolALL,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
 			},
 			shouldPass: true,
 		},
-		{
-			name:  "Multiple source networks with mismatched protocol",
-			srcIP: "172.16.0.1",
-			dstIP: "192.168.1.100",
-			// Should not match TCP rule
-			proto:   fw.ProtocolUDP,
-			srcPort: 12345,
-			dstPort: 80,
-			rule: rule{
-				sources: []netip.Prefix{
-					netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16"),
-					netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/16"),
-				},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
-				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
-				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
-				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
-			},
-			shouldPass: false,
-		},
 		{
 			name:    "Allow multiple destination ports",
 			srcIP:   "100.10.0.1",
@@ -572,7 +850,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 8080,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80, 8080, 443}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -588,7 +866,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 80,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				srcPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{12345, 12346, 12347}},
 				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -604,7 +882,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 80,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolALL,
 				srcPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{12345}},
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
@@ -621,7 +899,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 8080,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{
 					IsRange: true,
@@ -640,7 +918,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 7999,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{
 					IsRange: true,
@@ -659,7 +937,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 80,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				srcPort: &fw.Port{
 					IsRange: true,
@@ -678,7 +956,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 443,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				srcPort: &fw.Port{
 					IsRange: true,
@@ -700,7 +978,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 8100,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{
 					IsRange: true,
@@ -719,7 +997,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 5060,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolUDP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{
 					IsRange: true,
@@ -738,7 +1016,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 8080,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolALL,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{
 					IsRange: true,
@@ -757,7 +1035,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 443,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
 				action:  fw.ActionDrop,
@@ -773,7 +1051,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 			dstPort: 80,
 			rule: rule{
 				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolALL,
 				action:  fw.ActionDrop,
 			},
@@ -791,17 +1069,158 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 					netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16"),
 					netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/16"),
 				},
-				dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
 				action:  fw.ActionDrop,
 			},
 			shouldPass: false,
 		},
+
+		{
+			name:    "Drop empty destination set",
+			srcIP:   "172.16.0.1",
+			dstIP:   "192.168.1.100",
+			proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort: 12345,
+			dstPort: 80,
+			rule: rule{
+				sources: []netip.Prefix{
+					netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/16"),
+				},
+				dest:    fw.Network{Set: fw.Set{}},
+				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
+				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
+				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
+			},
+			shouldPass: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Accept TCP traffic outside drop port range",
+			srcIP:   "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:   "192.168.1.100",
+			proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort: 12345,
+			dstPort: 7999,
+			rule: rule{
+				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
+				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
+				dstPort: &fw.Port{IsRange: true, Values: []uint16{8000, 8100}},
+				action:  fw.ActionDrop,
+			},
+			shouldPass: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Allow TCP traffic without port specification",
+			srcIP:   "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:   "192.168.1.100",
+			proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort: 12345,
+			dstPort: 443,
+			rule: rule{
+				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
+				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
+				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
+			},
+			shouldPass: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Allow UDP traffic without port specification",
+			srcIP:   "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:   "192.168.1.100",
+			proto:   fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			srcPort: 12345,
+			dstPort: 53,
+			rule: rule{
+				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
+				proto:   fw.ProtocolUDP,
+				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
+			},
+			shouldPass: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "TCP packet doesn't match UDP filter with same port",
+			srcIP:   "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:   "192.168.1.100",
+			proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort: 12345,
+			dstPort: 80,
+			rule: rule{
+				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
+				proto:   fw.ProtocolUDP,
+				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
+				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
+			},
+			shouldPass: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "UDP packet doesn't match TCP filter with same port",
+			srcIP:   "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:   "192.168.1.100",
+			proto:   fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			srcPort: 12345,
+			dstPort: 80,
+			rule: rule{
+				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
+				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
+				dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
+				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
+			},
+			shouldPass: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "ICMP packet doesn't match TCP filter",
+			srcIP: "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP: "192.168.1.100",
+			proto: fw.ProtocolICMP,
+			rule: rule{
+				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
+				proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
+				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
+			},
+			shouldPass: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "ICMP packet doesn't match UDP filter",
+			srcIP: "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP: "192.168.1.100",
+			proto: fw.ProtocolICMP,
+			rule: rule{
+				sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
+				dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
+				proto:   fw.ProtocolUDP,
+				action:  fw.ActionAccept,
+			},
+			shouldPass: false,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if tc.rule.action == fw.ActionDrop {
+				// add general accept rule to test drop rule
+				rule, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+					nil,
+					[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
+					fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
+					fw.ProtocolALL,
+					nil,
+					nil,
+					fw.ActionAccept,
+				)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.NotNil(t, rule)
+				t.Cleanup(func() {
+					require.NoError(t, manager.DeleteRouteRule(rule))
+				})
+			}
+
 			rule, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
 				nil,
 				tc.rule.sources,
@@ -836,7 +1255,7 @@ func TestRouteACLOrder(t *testing.T) {
 		name  string
 		rules []struct {
 			sources []netip.Prefix
-			dest    netip.Prefix
+			dest    fw.Network
 			proto   fw.Protocol
 			srcPort *fw.Port
 			dstPort *fw.Port
@@ -857,7 +1276,7 @@ func TestRouteACLOrder(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "Drop rules take precedence over accept",
 			rules: []struct {
 				sources []netip.Prefix
-				dest    netip.Prefix
+				dest    fw.Network
 				proto   fw.Protocol
 				srcPort *fw.Port
 				dstPort *fw.Port
@@ -866,7 +1285,7 @@ func TestRouteACLOrder(t *testing.T) {
 				{
 					// Accept rule added first
 					sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-					dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+					dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 					proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 					dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80, 443}},
 					action:  fw.ActionAccept,
@@ -874,7 +1293,7 @@ func TestRouteACLOrder(t *testing.T) {
 				{
 					// Drop rule added second but should be evaluated first
 					sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-					dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+					dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 					proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 					dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
 					action:  fw.ActionDrop,
@@ -912,7 +1331,7 @@ func TestRouteACLOrder(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "Multiple drop rules take precedence",
 			rules: []struct {
 				sources []netip.Prefix
-				dest    netip.Prefix
+				dest    fw.Network
 				proto   fw.Protocol
 				srcPort *fw.Port
 				dstPort *fw.Port
@@ -921,14 +1340,14 @@ func TestRouteACLOrder(t *testing.T) {
 				{
 					// Accept all
 					sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
-					dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
+					dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
 					proto:   fw.ProtocolALL,
 					action:  fw.ActionAccept,
 				},
 				{
 					// Drop specific port
 					sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-					dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+					dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 					proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 					dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
 					action:  fw.ActionDrop,
@@ -936,7 +1355,7 @@ func TestRouteACLOrder(t *testing.T) {
 				{
 					// Drop different port
 					sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
-					dest:    netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+					dest:    fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 					proto:   fw.ProtocolTCP,
 					dstPort: &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
 					action:  fw.ActionDrop,
@@ -1015,3 +1434,53 @@ func TestRouteACLOrder(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestRouteACLSet(t *testing.T) {
+	ifaceMock := &IFaceMock{
+		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+		AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
+			return wgaddr.Address{
+				IP: net.ParseIP("100.10.0.100"),
+				Network: &net.IPNet{
+					IP:   net.ParseIP("100.10.0.0"),
+					Mask: net.CIDRMask(16, 32),
+				},
+			}
+		},
+	}
+
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
+	})
+
+	set := fw.NewDomainSet(domain.List{"example.org"})
+
+	// Add rule that uses the set (initially empty)
+	rule, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+		nil,
+		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
+		fw.Network{Set: set},
+		fw.ProtocolTCP,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		fw.ActionAccept,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, rule)
+
+	srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.10.0.1")
+	dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.100")
+
+	// Check that traffic is dropped (empty set shouldn't match anything)
+	_, isAllowed := manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP, fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 80)
+	require.False(t, isAllowed, "Empty set should not allow any traffic")
+
+	err = manager.UpdateSet(set, []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Now the packet should be allowed
+	_, isAllowed = manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP, fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 80)
+	require.True(t, isAllowed, "After set update, traffic to the added network should be allowed")
+}

client/firewall/uspfilter/uspfilter_test.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
 )
 
 var logger = log.NewFromLogrus(logrus.StandardLogger())
@@ -711,3 +712,203 @@ func TestStatefulFirewall_UDPTracking(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestUpdateSetMerge(t *testing.T) {
+	ifaceMock := &IFaceMock{
+		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+	}
+
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
+	})
+
+	set := fw.NewDomainSet(domain.List{"example.org"})
+
+	initialPrefixes := []netip.Prefix{
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+	}
+
+	rule, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+		nil,
+		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
+		fw.Network{Set: set},
+		fw.ProtocolTCP,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		fw.ActionAccept,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, rule)
+
+	// Update the set with initial prefixes
+	err = manager.UpdateSet(set, initialPrefixes)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Test initial prefixes work
+	srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.10.0.1")
+	dstIP1 := netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.100")
+	dstIP2 := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.100")
+	dstIP3 := netip.MustParseAddr("172.16.0.100")
+
+	_, isAllowed1 := manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP1, fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 80)
+	_, isAllowed2 := manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP2, fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 80)
+	_, isAllowed3 := manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP3, fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 80)
+
+	require.True(t, isAllowed1, "Traffic to 10.0.0.100 should be allowed")
+	require.True(t, isAllowed2, "Traffic to 192.168.1.100 should be allowed")
+	require.False(t, isAllowed3, "Traffic to 172.16.0.100 should be denied")
+
+	newPrefixes := []netip.Prefix{
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/16"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.1.0.0/24"),
+	}
+
+	err = manager.UpdateSet(set, newPrefixes)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Check that all original prefixes are still included
+	_, isAllowed1 = manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP1, fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 80)
+	_, isAllowed2 = manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP2, fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 80)
+	require.True(t, isAllowed1, "Traffic to 10.0.0.100 should still be allowed after update")
+	require.True(t, isAllowed2, "Traffic to 192.168.1.100 should still be allowed after update")
+
+	// Check that new prefixes are included
+	dstIP4 := netip.MustParseAddr("172.16.1.100")
+	dstIP5 := netip.MustParseAddr("10.1.0.50")
+
+	_, isAllowed4 := manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP4, fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 80)
+	_, isAllowed5 := manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP5, fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 80)
+
+	require.True(t, isAllowed4, "Traffic to new prefix 172.16.0.0/16 should be allowed")
+	require.True(t, isAllowed5, "Traffic to new prefix 10.1.0.0/24 should be allowed")
+
+	// Verify the rule has all prefixes
+	manager.mutex.RLock()
+	foundRule := false
+	for _, r := range manager.routeRules {
+		if r.id == rule.ID() {
+			foundRule = true
+			require.Len(t, r.destinations, len(initialPrefixes)+len(newPrefixes),
+				"Rule should have all prefixes merged")
+		}
+	}
+	manager.mutex.RUnlock()
+	require.True(t, foundRule, "Rule should be found")
+}
+
+func TestUpdateSetDeduplication(t *testing.T) {
+	ifaceMock := &IFaceMock{
+		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+	}
+
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
+	})
+
+	set := fw.NewDomainSet(domain.List{"example.org"})
+
+	rule, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+		nil,
+		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
+		fw.Network{Set: set},
+		fw.ProtocolTCP,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		fw.ActionAccept,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, rule)
+
+	initialPrefixes := []netip.Prefix{
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24"), // Duplicate
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"), // Duplicate
+	}
+
+	err = manager.UpdateSet(set, initialPrefixes)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Check the internal state for deduplication
+	manager.mutex.RLock()
+	foundRule := false
+	for _, r := range manager.routeRules {
+		if r.id == rule.ID() {
+			foundRule = true
+			// Should have deduplicated to 2 prefixes
+			require.Len(t, r.destinations, 2, "Duplicate prefixes should be removed")
+
+			// Check the prefixes are correct
+			expectedPrefixes := []netip.Prefix{
+				netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24"),
+				netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+			}
+			for i, prefix := range expectedPrefixes {
+				require.True(t, r.destinations[i] == prefix,
+					"Prefix should match expected value")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	manager.mutex.RUnlock()
+	require.True(t, foundRule, "Rule should be found")
+
+	// Test with overlapping prefixes of different sizes
+	overlappingPrefixes := []netip.Prefix{
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/16"),    // More general
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24"),    // More specific (already exists)
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/16"), // More general
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"), // More specific (already exists)
+	}
+
+	err = manager.UpdateSet(set, overlappingPrefixes)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Check that all prefixes are included (no deduplication of overlapping prefixes)
+	manager.mutex.RLock()
+	for _, r := range manager.routeRules {
+		if r.id == rule.ID() {
+			// Should have all 4 prefixes (2 original + 2 new more general ones)
+			require.Len(t, r.destinations, 4,
+				"Overlapping prefixes should not be deduplicated")
+
+			// Verify they're sorted correctly (more specific prefixes should come first)
+			prefixes := make([]string, 0, len(r.destinations))
+			for _, p := range r.destinations {
+				prefixes = append(prefixes, p.String())
+			}
+
+			// Check sorted order
+			require.Equal(t, []string{
+				"10.0.0.0/16",
+				"10.0.0.0/24",
+				"192.168.0.0/16",
+				"192.168.1.0/24",
+			}, prefixes, "Prefixes should be sorted")
+		}
+	}
+	manager.mutex.RUnlock()
+
+	// Test functionality with all prefixes
+	testCases := []struct {
+		dstIP    netip.Addr
+		expected bool
+		desc     string
+	}{
+		{netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.100"), true, "IP in both /16 and /24"},
+		{netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.1.100"), true, "IP only in /16"},
+		{netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.100"), true, "IP in both /16 and /24"},
+		{netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.2.100"), true, "IP only in /16"},
+		{netip.MustParseAddr("172.16.0.100"), false, "IP not in any prefix"},
+	}
+
+	srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.10.0.1")
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		_, isAllowed := manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, tc.dstIP, fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 80)
+		require.Equal(t, tc.expected, isAllowed, tc.desc)
+	}
+}

client/iface/bind/udp_mux.go

@@ -458,6 +458,6 @@ func newBufferHolder(size int) *bufferHolder {
 
 func getLogger() logging.LeveledLogger {
 	fac := logging.NewDefaultLoggerFactory()
-	fac.Writer = log.StandardLogger().Writer()
+	//fac.Writer = log.StandardLogger().Writer()
 	return fac.NewLogger("ice")
 }

client/internal/acl/id/id.go

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ func (r RuleID) ID() string {
 
 func GenerateRouteRuleKey(
 	sources []netip.Prefix,
-	destination netip.Prefix,
+	destination manager.Network,
 	proto manager.Protocol,
 	sPort *manager.Port,
 	dPort *manager.Port,

client/internal/acl/manager.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl/id"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
 	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/proto"
 )
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ var ErrSourceRangesEmpty = errors.New("sources range is empty")
 
 // Manager is a ACL rules manager
 type Manager interface {
-	ApplyFiltering(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap)
+	ApplyFiltering(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap, dnsRouteFeatureFlag bool)
 }
 
 type protoMatch struct {
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ func NewDefaultManager(fm firewall.Manager) *DefaultManager {
 // ApplyFiltering firewall rules to the local firewall manager processed by ACL policy.
 //
 // If allowByDefault is true it appends allow ALL traffic rules to input and output chains.
-func (d *DefaultManager) ApplyFiltering(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) {
+func (d *DefaultManager) ApplyFiltering(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap, dnsRouteFeatureFlag bool) {
 	d.mutex.Lock()
 	defer d.mutex.Unlock()
 
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ func (d *DefaultManager) ApplyFiltering(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) {
 		log.Errorf("failed to set legacy management flag: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	if err := d.applyRouteACLs(networkMap.RoutesFirewallRules); err != nil {
+	if err := d.applyRouteACLs(networkMap.RoutesFirewallRules, dnsRouteFeatureFlag); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("Failed to apply route ACLs: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -176,16 +177,16 @@ func (d *DefaultManager) applyPeerACLs(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) {
 	d.peerRulesPairs = newRulePairs
 }
 
-func (d *DefaultManager) applyRouteACLs(rules []*mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule) error {
+func (d *DefaultManager) applyRouteACLs(rules []*mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule, dynamicResolver bool) error {
 	newRouteRules := make(map[id.RuleID]struct{}, len(rules))
 	var merr *multierror.Error
 
 	// Apply new rules - firewall manager will return existing rule ID if already present
 	for _, rule := range rules {
-		id, err := d.applyRouteACL(rule)
+		id, err := d.applyRouteACL(rule, dynamicResolver)
 		if err != nil {
 			if errors.Is(err, ErrSourceRangesEmpty) {
-				log.Debugf("skipping empty rule with destination %s: %v", rule.Destination, err)
+				log.Debugf("skipping empty sources rule with destination %s: %v", rule.Destination, err)
 			} else {
 				merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("add route rule: %w", err))
 			}
@@ -208,7 +209,7 @@ func (d *DefaultManager) applyRouteACLs(rules []*mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule) err
 	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
-func (d *DefaultManager) applyRouteACL(rule *mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule) (id.RuleID, error) {
+func (d *DefaultManager) applyRouteACL(rule *mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule, dynamicResolver bool) (id.RuleID, error) {
 	if len(rule.SourceRanges) == 0 {
 		return "", ErrSourceRangesEmpty
 	}
@@ -222,15 +223,9 @@ func (d *DefaultManager) applyRouteACL(rule *mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule) (id.Rul
 		sources = append(sources, source)
 	}
 
-	var destination netip.Prefix
+	destination, err := determineDestination(rule, dynamicResolver, sources)
-	if rule.IsDynamic {
-		destination = getDefault(sources[0])
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		destination, err = netip.ParsePrefix(rule.Destination)
 	if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("parse destination: %w", err)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("determine destination: %w", err)
-		}
 	}
 
 	protocol, err := convertToFirewallProtocol(rule.Protocol)
@@ -580,6 +575,33 @@ func convertPortInfo(portInfo *mgmProto.PortInfo) *firewall.Port {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func determineDestination(rule *mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule, dynamicResolver bool, sources []netip.Prefix) (firewall.Network, error) {
+	var destination firewall.Network
+
+	if rule.IsDynamic {
+		if dynamicResolver {
+			if len(rule.Domains) > 0 {
+				destination.Set = firewall.NewDomainSet(domain.FromPunycodeList(rule.Domains))
+			} else {
+				// isDynamic is set but no domains = outdated management server
+				log.Warn("connected to an older version of management server (no domains in rules), using default destination")
+				destination.Prefix = getDefault(sources[0])
+			}
+		} else {
+			// client resolves DNS, we (router) don't know the destination
+			destination.Prefix = getDefault(sources[0])
+		}
+		return destination, nil
+	}
+
+	prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(rule.Destination)
+	if err != nil {
+		return destination, fmt.Errorf("parse destination: %w", err)
+	}
+	destination.Prefix = prefix
+	return destination, nil
+}
+
 func getDefault(prefix netip.Prefix) netip.Prefix {
 	if prefix.Addr().Is6() {
 		return netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0)

client/internal/acl/manager_test.go

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func TestDefaultManager(t *testing.T) {
 	acl := NewDefaultManager(fw)
 
 	t.Run("apply firewall rules", func(t *testing.T) {
-		acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap)
+		acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap, false)
 
 		if len(acl.peerRulesPairs) != 2 {
 			t.Errorf("firewall rules not applied: %v", acl.peerRulesPairs)
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ func TestDefaultManager(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		)
 
-		acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap)
+		acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap, false)
 
 		// we should have one old and one new rule in the existed rules
 		if len(acl.peerRulesPairs) != 2 {
@@ -116,13 +116,13 @@ func TestDefaultManager(t *testing.T) {
 		networkMap.FirewallRules = networkMap.FirewallRules[:0]
 
 		networkMap.FirewallRulesIsEmpty = true
-		if acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap); len(acl.peerRulesPairs) != 0 {
+		if acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap, false); len(acl.peerRulesPairs) != 0 {
 			t.Errorf("rules should be empty if FirewallRulesIsEmpty is set, got: %v", len(acl.peerRulesPairs))
 			return
 		}
 
 		networkMap.FirewallRulesIsEmpty = false
-		acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap)
+		acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap, false)
 		if len(acl.peerRulesPairs) != 1 {
 			t.Errorf("rules should contain 1 rules if FirewallRulesIsEmpty is not set, got: %v", len(acl.peerRulesPairs))
 			return
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ func TestDefaultManagerEnableSSHRules(t *testing.T) {
 	}(fw)
 	acl := NewDefaultManager(fw)
 
-	acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap)
+	acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap, false)
 
 	if len(acl.peerRulesPairs) != 3 {
 		t.Errorf("expect 3 rules (last must be SSH), got: %d", len(acl.peerRulesPairs))

client/internal/auth/pkce_flow.go

@@ -94,13 +94,17 @@ func (p *PKCEAuthorizationFlow) RequestAuthInfo(ctx context.Context) (AuthFlowIn
 	p.codeVerifier = codeVerifier
 
 	codeChallenge := createCodeChallenge(codeVerifier)
-	authURL := p.oAuthConfig.AuthCodeURL(
+
-		state,
+	params := []oauth2.AuthCodeOption{
 		oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("code_challenge_method", "S256"),
 		oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("code_challenge", codeChallenge),
 		oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("audience", p.providerConfig.Audience),
-		oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("prompt", "login"),
+	}
-	)
+	if !p.providerConfig.DisablePromptLogin {
+		params = append(params, oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("prompt", "login"))
+	}
+
+	authURL := p.oAuthConfig.AuthCodeURL(state, params...)
 
 	return AuthFlowInfo{
 		VerificationURIComplete: authURL,

client/internal/auth/pkce_flow_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+)
+
+func TestPromptLogin(t *testing.T) {
+	tt := []struct {
+		name   string
+		prompt bool
+	}{
+		{"PromptLogin", true},
+		{"NoPromptLogin", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tt {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			config := internal.PKCEAuthProviderConfig{
+				ClientID:              "test-client-id",
+				Audience:              "test-audience",
+				TokenEndpoint:         "https://test-token-endpoint.com/token",
+				Scope:                 "openid email profile",
+				AuthorizationEndpoint: "https://test-auth-endpoint.com/authorize",
+				RedirectURLs:          []string{"http://127.0.0.1:33992/"},
+				UseIDToken:            true,
+				DisablePromptLogin:    !tc.prompt,
+			}
+			pkce, err := NewPKCEAuthorizationFlow(config)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Failed to create PKCEAuthorizationFlow: %v", err)
+			}
+			authInfo, err := pkce.RequestAuthInfo(context.Background())
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Failed to request auth info: %v", err)
+			}
+			pattern := "prompt=login"
+			if tc.prompt {
+				require.Contains(t, authInfo.VerificationURIComplete, pattern)
+			} else {
+				require.NotContains(t, authInfo.VerificationURIComplete, pattern)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

client/internal/connect.go

@@ -349,6 +349,25 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) Engine() *Engine {
 	return e
 }
 
+// GetLatestNetworkMap returns the latest network map from the engine.
+func (c *ConnectClient) GetLatestNetworkMap() (*mgmProto.NetworkMap, error) {
+	engine := c.Engine()
+	if engine == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("engine is not initialized")
+	}
+
+	networkMap, err := engine.GetLatestNetworkMap()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get latest network map: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if networkMap == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("network map is not available")
+	}
+
+	return networkMap, nil
+}
+
 // Status returns the current client status
 func (c *ConnectClient) Status() StatusType {
 	if c == nil {

client/internal/debug/debug_linux.go

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 //go:build linux && !android
 
-package server
+package debug
 
 import (
-	"archive/zip"
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"fmt"
@@ -14,36 +13,31 @@ import (
 	"github.com/google/nftables"
 	"github.com/google/nftables/expr"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/anonymize"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 )
 
 // addFirewallRules collects and adds firewall rules to the archive
-func (s *Server) addFirewallRules(req *proto.DebugBundleRequest, anonymizer *anonymize.Anonymizer, archive *zip.Writer) error {
+func (g *BundleGenerator) addFirewallRules() error {
 	log.Info("Collecting firewall rules")
-	// Collect and add iptables rules
 	iptablesRules, err := collectIPTablesRules()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("Failed to collect iptables rules: %v", err)
 	} else {
-		if req.GetAnonymize() {
+		if g.anonymize {
-			iptablesRules = anonymizer.AnonymizeString(iptablesRules)
+			iptablesRules = g.anonymizer.AnonymizeString(iptablesRules)
 		}
-		if err := addFileToZip(archive, strings.NewReader(iptablesRules), "iptables.txt"); err != nil {
+		if err := g.addFileToZip(strings.NewReader(iptablesRules), "iptables.txt"); err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("Failed to add iptables rules to bundle: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Collect and add nftables rules
 	nftablesRules, err := collectNFTablesRules()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("Failed to collect nftables rules: %v", err)
 	} else {
-		if req.GetAnonymize() {
+		if g.anonymize {
-			nftablesRules = anonymizer.AnonymizeString(nftablesRules)
+			nftablesRules = g.anonymizer.AnonymizeString(nftablesRules)
 		}
-		if err := addFileToZip(archive, strings.NewReader(nftablesRules), "nftables.txt"); err != nil {
+		if err := g.addFileToZip(strings.NewReader(nftablesRules), "nftables.txt"); err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("Failed to add nftables rules to bundle: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -65,16 +59,23 @@ func collectIPTablesRules() (string, error) {
 		builder.WriteString("\n")
 	}
 
-	// Then get verbose statistics for each table
+	// Collect ipset information
+	ipsetOutput, err := collectIPSets()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("Failed to collect ipset information: %v", err)
+	} else {
+		builder.WriteString("=== ipset list output ===\n")
+		builder.WriteString(ipsetOutput)
+		builder.WriteString("\n")
+	}
+
 	builder.WriteString("=== iptables -v -n -L output ===\n")
 
-	// Get list of tables
 	tables := []string{"filter", "nat", "mangle", "raw", "security"}
 
 	for _, table := range tables {
 		builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("*%s\n", table))
 
-		// Get verbose statistics for the entire table
 		stats, err := getTableStatistics(table)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("Failed to get statistics for table %s: %v", table, err)
@@ -87,6 +88,28 @@ func collectIPTablesRules() (string, error) {
 	return builder.String(), nil
 }
 
+// collectIPSets collects information about ipsets
+func collectIPSets() (string, error) {
+	cmd := exec.Command("ipset", "list")
+	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
+	cmd.Stdout = &stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = &stderr
+
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "executable file not found") {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("ipset command not found: %w", err)
+		}
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("execute ipset list: %w (stderr: %s)", err, stderr.String())
+	}
+
+	ipsets := stdout.String()
+	if strings.TrimSpace(ipsets) == "" {
+		return "No ipsets found", nil
+	}
+
+	return ipsets, nil
+}
+
 // collectIPTablesSave uses iptables-save to get rule definitions
 func collectIPTablesSave() (string, error) {
 	cmd := exec.Command("iptables-save")
@@ -182,12 +205,10 @@ func formatTables(conn *nftables.Conn, tables []*nftables.Table) string {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		// Format chains
 		for _, chain := range chains {
 			formatChain(conn, table, chain, &builder)
 		}
 
-		// Format sets
 		if sets, err := conn.GetSets(table); err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("Failed to get sets for table %s: %v", table.Name, err)
 		} else if len(sets) > 0 {

client/internal/debug/debug_mobile.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build ios || android
+
+package debug
+
+func (g *BundleGenerator) addRoutes() error {
+	return nil
+}

client/internal/debug/debug_nonlinux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//go:build !linux || android
+
+package debug
+
+// collectFirewallRules returns nothing on non-linux systems
+func (g *BundleGenerator) addFirewallRules() error {
+	return nil
+}

client/internal/debug/debug_nonmobile.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//go:build !ios && !android
+
+package debug
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/systemops"
+)
+
+func (g *BundleGenerator) addRoutes() error {
+	routes, err := systemops.GetRoutesFromTable()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get routes: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// TODO: get routes including nexthop
+	routesContent := formatRoutes(routes, g.anonymize, g.anonymizer)
+	routesReader := strings.NewReader(routesContent)
+	if err := g.addFileToZip(routesReader, "routes.txt"); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add routes file to zip: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

client/internal/debug/debug_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,543 @@
+package debug
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/anonymize"
+	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/proto"
+)
+
+func TestAnonymizeStateFile(t *testing.T) {
+	testState := map[string]json.RawMessage{
+		"null_state": json.RawMessage("null"),
+		"test_state": mustMarshal(map[string]any{
+			// Test simple fields
+			"public_ip":      "203.0.113.1",
+			"private_ip":     "192.168.1.1",
+			"protected_ip":   "100.64.0.1",
+			"well_known_ip":  "8.8.8.8",
+			"ipv6_addr":      "2001:db8::1",
+			"private_ipv6":   "fd00::1",
+			"domain":         "test.example.com",
+			"uri":            "stun:stun.example.com:3478",
+			"uri_with_ip":    "turn:203.0.113.1:3478",
+			"netbird_domain": "device.netbird.cloud",
+
+			// Test CIDR ranges
+			"public_cidr":       "203.0.113.0/24",
+			"private_cidr":      "192.168.0.0/16",
+			"protected_cidr":    "100.64.0.0/10",
+			"ipv6_cidr":         "2001:db8::/32",
+			"private_ipv6_cidr": "fd00::/8",
+
+			// Test nested structures
+			"nested": map[string]any{
+				"ip":     "203.0.113.2",
+				"domain": "nested.example.com",
+				"more_nest": map[string]any{
+					"ip":     "203.0.113.3",
+					"domain": "deep.example.com",
+				},
+			},
+
+			// Test arrays
+			"string_array": []any{
+				"203.0.113.4",
+				"test1.example.com",
+				"test2.example.com",
+			},
+			"object_array": []any{
+				map[string]any{
+					"ip":     "203.0.113.5",
+					"domain": "array1.example.com",
+				},
+				map[string]any{
+					"ip":     "203.0.113.6",
+					"domain": "array2.example.com",
+				},
+			},
+
+			// Test multiple occurrences of same value
+			"duplicate_ip":     "203.0.113.1",      // Same as public_ip
+			"duplicate_domain": "test.example.com", // Same as domain
+
+			// Test URIs with various schemes
+			"stun_uri":  "stun:stun.example.com:3478",
+			"turns_uri": "turns:turns.example.com:5349",
+			"http_uri":  "http://web.example.com:80",
+			"https_uri": "https://secure.example.com:443",
+
+			// Test strings that might look like IPs but aren't
+			"not_ip":         "300.300.300.300",
+			"partial_ip":     "192.168",
+			"ip_like_string": "1234.5678",
+
+			// Test mixed content strings
+			"mixed_content": "Server at 203.0.113.1 (test.example.com) on port 80",
+
+			// Test empty and special values
+			"empty_string":  "",
+			"null_value":    nil,
+			"numeric_value": 42,
+			"boolean_value": true,
+		}),
+		"route_state": mustMarshal(map[string]any{
+			"routes": []any{
+				map[string]any{
+					"network": "203.0.113.0/24",
+					"gateway": "203.0.113.1",
+					"domains": []any{
+						"route1.example.com",
+						"route2.example.com",
+					},
+				},
+				map[string]any{
+					"network": "2001:db8::/32",
+					"gateway": "2001:db8::1",
+					"domains": []any{
+						"route3.example.com",
+						"route4.example.com",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			// Test map with IP/CIDR keys
+			"refCountMap": map[string]any{
+				"203.0.113.1/32": map[string]any{
+					"Count": 1,
+					"Out": map[string]any{
+						"IP": "192.168.0.1",
+						"Intf": map[string]any{
+							"Name":  "eth0",
+							"Index": 1,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				"2001:db8::1/128": map[string]any{
+					"Count": 1,
+					"Out": map[string]any{
+						"IP": "fe80::1",
+						"Intf": map[string]any{
+							"Name":  "eth0",
+							"Index": 1,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				"10.0.0.1/32": map[string]any{ // private IP should remain unchanged
+					"Count": 1,
+					"Out": map[string]any{
+						"IP": "192.168.0.1",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		}),
+	}
+
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+
+	// Pre-seed the domains we need to verify in the test assertions
+	anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("test.example.com")
+	anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("nested.example.com")
+	anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("deep.example.com")
+	anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("array1.example.com")
+
+	err := anonymizeStateFile(&testState, anonymizer)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Helper function to unmarshal and get nested values
+	var state map[string]any
+	err = json.Unmarshal(testState["test_state"], &state)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Test null state remains unchanged
+	require.Equal(t, "null", string(testState["null_state"]))
+
+	// Basic assertions
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.1", state["public_ip"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "192.168.1.1", state["private_ip"])  // Private IP unchanged
+	assert.Equal(t, "100.64.0.1", state["protected_ip"]) // Protected IP unchanged
+	assert.Equal(t, "8.8.8.8", state["well_known_ip"])   // Well-known IP unchanged
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "2001:db8::1", state["ipv6_addr"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "fd00::1", state["private_ipv6"]) // Private IPv6 unchanged
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "test.example.com", state["domain"])
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(state["domain"].(string), ".domain"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "device.netbird.cloud", state["netbird_domain"]) // Netbird domain unchanged
+
+	// CIDR ranges
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.0/24", state["public_cidr"])
+	assert.Contains(t, state["public_cidr"], "/24")           // Prefix preserved
+	assert.Equal(t, "192.168.0.0/16", state["private_cidr"])  // Private CIDR unchanged
+	assert.Equal(t, "100.64.0.0/10", state["protected_cidr"]) // Protected CIDR unchanged
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "2001:db8::/32", state["ipv6_cidr"])
+	assert.Contains(t, state["ipv6_cidr"], "/32") // IPv6 prefix preserved
+
+	// Nested structures
+	nested := state["nested"].(map[string]any)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.2", nested["ip"])
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "nested.example.com", nested["domain"])
+	moreNest := nested["more_nest"].(map[string]any)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.3", moreNest["ip"])
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "deep.example.com", moreNest["domain"])
+
+	// Arrays
+	strArray := state["string_array"].([]any)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.4", strArray[0])
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "test1.example.com", strArray[1])
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(strArray[1].(string), ".domain"))
+
+	objArray := state["object_array"].([]any)
+	firstObj := objArray[0].(map[string]any)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.5", firstObj["ip"])
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "array1.example.com", firstObj["domain"])
+
+	// Duplicate values should be anonymized consistently
+	assert.Equal(t, state["public_ip"], state["duplicate_ip"])
+	assert.Equal(t, state["domain"], state["duplicate_domain"])
+
+	// URIs
+	assert.NotContains(t, state["stun_uri"], "stun.example.com")
+	assert.NotContains(t, state["turns_uri"], "turns.example.com")
+	assert.NotContains(t, state["http_uri"], "web.example.com")
+	assert.NotContains(t, state["https_uri"], "secure.example.com")
+
+	// Non-IP strings should remain unchanged
+	assert.Equal(t, "300.300.300.300", state["not_ip"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "192.168", state["partial_ip"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "1234.5678", state["ip_like_string"])
+
+	// Mixed content should have IPs and domains replaced
+	mixedContent := state["mixed_content"].(string)
+	assert.NotContains(t, mixedContent, "203.0.113.1")
+	assert.NotContains(t, mixedContent, "test.example.com")
+	assert.Contains(t, mixedContent, "Server at ")
+	assert.Contains(t, mixedContent, " on port 80")
+
+	// Special values should remain unchanged
+	assert.Equal(t, "", state["empty_string"])
+	assert.Nil(t, state["null_value"])
+	assert.Equal(t, float64(42), state["numeric_value"])
+	assert.Equal(t, true, state["boolean_value"])
+
+	// Check route state
+	var routeState map[string]any
+	err = json.Unmarshal(testState["route_state"], &routeState)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	routes := routeState["routes"].([]any)
+	route1 := routes[0].(map[string]any)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.0/24", route1["network"])
+	assert.Contains(t, route1["network"], "/24")
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.1", route1["gateway"])
+	domains := route1["domains"].([]any)
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(domains[0].(string), ".domain"))
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(domains[1].(string), ".domain"))
+
+	// Check map keys are anonymized
+	refCountMap := routeState["refCountMap"].(map[string]any)
+	hasPublicIPKey := false
+	hasIPv6Key := false
+	hasPrivateIPKey := false
+	for key := range refCountMap {
+		if strings.Contains(key, "203.0.113.1") {
+			hasPublicIPKey = true
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(key, "2001:db8::1") {
+			hasIPv6Key = true
+		}
+		if key == "10.0.0.1/32" {
+			hasPrivateIPKey = true
+		}
+	}
+	assert.False(t, hasPublicIPKey, "public IP in key should be anonymized")
+	assert.False(t, hasIPv6Key, "IPv6 in key should be anonymized")
+	assert.True(t, hasPrivateIPKey, "private IP in key should remain unchanged")
+}
+
+func mustMarshal(v any) json.RawMessage {
+	data, err := json.Marshal(v)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return data
+}
+
+func TestAnonymizeNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
+	networkMap := &mgmProto.NetworkMap{
+		PeerConfig: &mgmProto.PeerConfig{
+			Address: "203.0.113.5",
+			Dns:     "1.2.3.4",
+			Fqdn:    "peer1.corp.example.com",
+			SshConfig: &mgmProto.SSHConfig{
+				SshPubKey: []byte("ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1..."),
+			},
+		},
+		RemotePeers: []*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig{
+			{
+				AllowedIps: []string{
+					"203.0.113.1/32",
+					"2001:db8:1234::1/128",
+					"192.168.1.1/32",
+					"100.64.0.1/32",
+					"10.0.0.1/32",
+				},
+				Fqdn: "peer2.corp.example.com",
+				SshConfig: &mgmProto.SSHConfig{
+					SshPubKey: []byte("ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC2..."),
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		Routes: []*mgmProto.Route{
+			{
+				Network: "197.51.100.0/24",
+				Domains: []string{"prod.example.com", "staging.example.com"},
+				NetID:   "net-123abc",
+			},
+		},
+		DNSConfig: &mgmProto.DNSConfig{
+			NameServerGroups: []*mgmProto.NameServerGroup{
+				{
+					NameServers: []*mgmProto.NameServer{
+						{IP: "8.8.8.8"},
+						{IP: "1.1.1.1"},
+						{IP: "203.0.113.53"},
+					},
+					Domains: []string{"example.com", "internal.example.com"},
+				},
+			},
+			CustomZones: []*mgmProto.CustomZone{
+				{
+					Domain: "custom.example.com",
+					Records: []*mgmProto.SimpleRecord{
+						{
+							Name:  "www.custom.example.com",
+							Type:  1,
+							RData: "203.0.113.10",
+						},
+						{
+							Name:  "internal.custom.example.com",
+							Type:  1,
+							RData: "192.168.1.10",
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Create anonymizer with test addresses
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+
+	// Anonymize the network map
+	err := anonymizeNetworkMap(networkMap, anonymizer)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Test PeerConfig anonymization
+	peerCfg := networkMap.PeerConfig
+	require.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.5", peerCfg.Address)
+
+	// Verify DNS and FQDN are properly anonymized
+	require.NotEqual(t, "1.2.3.4", peerCfg.Dns)
+	require.NotEqual(t, "peer1.corp.example.com", peerCfg.Fqdn)
+	require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(peerCfg.Fqdn, ".domain"))
+
+	// Verify SSH key is replaced
+	require.Equal(t, []byte("ssh-placeholder-key"), peerCfg.SshConfig.SshPubKey)
+
+	// Test RemotePeers anonymization
+	remotePeer := networkMap.RemotePeers[0]
+
+	// Verify FQDN is anonymized
+	require.NotEqual(t, "peer2.corp.example.com", remotePeer.Fqdn)
+	require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(remotePeer.Fqdn, ".domain"))
+
+	// Check that public IPs are anonymized but private IPs are preserved
+	for _, allowedIP := range remotePeer.AllowedIps {
+		ip, _, err := net.ParseCIDR(allowedIP)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		if ip.IsPrivate() || isInCGNATRange(ip) {
+			require.Contains(t, []string{
+				"192.168.1.1/32",
+				"100.64.0.1/32",
+				"10.0.0.1/32",
+			}, allowedIP)
+		} else {
+			require.NotContains(t, []string{
+				"203.0.113.1/32",
+				"2001:db8:1234::1/128",
+			}, allowedIP)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Test Routes anonymization
+	route := networkMap.Routes[0]
+	require.NotEqual(t, "197.51.100.0/24", route.Network)
+	for _, domain := range route.Domains {
+		require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(domain, ".domain"))
+		require.NotContains(t, domain, "example.com")
+	}
+
+	// Test DNS config anonymization
+	dnsConfig := networkMap.DNSConfig
+	nameServerGroup := dnsConfig.NameServerGroups[0]
+
+	// Verify well-known DNS servers are preserved
+	require.Equal(t, "8.8.8.8", nameServerGroup.NameServers[0].IP)
+	require.Equal(t, "1.1.1.1", nameServerGroup.NameServers[1].IP)
+
+	// Verify public DNS server is anonymized
+	require.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.53", nameServerGroup.NameServers[2].IP)
+
+	// Verify domains are anonymized
+	for _, domain := range nameServerGroup.Domains {
+		require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(domain, ".domain"))
+		require.NotContains(t, domain, "example.com")
+	}
+
+	// Test CustomZones anonymization
+	customZone := dnsConfig.CustomZones[0]
+	require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(customZone.Domain, ".domain"))
+	require.NotContains(t, customZone.Domain, "example.com")
+
+	// Verify records are properly anonymized
+	for _, record := range customZone.Records {
+		require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(record.Name, ".domain"))
+		require.NotContains(t, record.Name, "example.com")
+
+		ip := net.ParseIP(record.RData)
+		if ip != nil {
+			if !ip.IsPrivate() {
+				require.NotEqual(t, "203.0.113.10", record.RData)
+			} else {
+				require.Equal(t, "192.168.1.10", record.RData)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Helper function to check if IP is in CGNAT range
+func isInCGNATRange(ip net.IP) bool {
+	cgnat := net.IPNet{
+		IP:   net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"),
+		Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32),
+	}
+	return cgnat.Contains(ip)
+}
+
+func TestAnonymizeFirewallRules(t *testing.T) {
+	// TODO: Add ipv6
+
+	// Example iptables-save output
+	iptablesSave := `# Generated by iptables-save v1.8.7 on Thu Dec 19 10:00:00 2024
+*filter
+:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
+:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
+:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
+-A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0/24 -j ACCEPT
+-A INPUT -s 44.192.140.1/32 -j DROP
+-A FORWARD -s 10.0.0.0/8 -j DROP
+-A FORWARD -s 44.192.140.0/24 -d 52.84.12.34/24 -j ACCEPT
+COMMIT
+
+*nat
+:PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
+:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
+:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
+:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
+-A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.100.0/24 -j MASQUERADE
+-A PREROUTING -d 44.192.140.10/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.10:80
+COMMIT`
+
+	// Example iptables -v -n -L output
+	iptablesVerbose := `Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
+    pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
+       0     0 ACCEPT     all  --  *      *       192.168.1.0/24       0.0.0.0/0           
+     100  1024 DROP       all  --  *      *       44.192.140.1         0.0.0.0/0
+
+Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
+    pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
+       0     0 DROP       all  --  *      *       10.0.0.0/8           0.0.0.0/0           
+      25   256 ACCEPT     all  --  *      *       44.192.140.0/24      52.84.12.34/24
+
+Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
+    pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination`
+
+	// Example nftables output
+	nftablesRules := `table inet filter {
+        chain input {
+                type filter hook input priority filter; policy accept;
+                ip saddr 192.168.1.1 accept
+                ip saddr 44.192.140.1 drop
+        }
+        chain forward {
+                type filter hook forward priority filter; policy accept;
+                ip saddr 10.0.0.0/8 drop
+                ip saddr 44.192.140.0/24 ip daddr 52.84.12.34/24 accept
+        }
+    }`
+
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+
+	// Test iptables-save anonymization
+	anonIptablesSave := anonymizer.AnonymizeString(iptablesSave)
+
+	// Private IP addresses should remain unchanged
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesSave, "192.168.1.0/24")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesSave, "10.0.0.0/8")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesSave, "192.168.100.0/24")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesSave, "192.168.1.10")
+
+	// Public IP addresses should be anonymized to the default range
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonIptablesSave, "44.192.140.1")
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonIptablesSave, "44.192.140.0/24")
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonIptablesSave, "52.84.12.34")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesSave, "198.51.100.") // Default anonymous range
+
+	// Structure should be preserved
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesSave, "*filter")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesSave, ":INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesSave, "COMMIT")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesSave, "-j MASQUERADE")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesSave, "--dport 80")
+
+	// Test iptables verbose output anonymization
+	anonIptablesVerbose := anonymizer.AnonymizeString(iptablesVerbose)
+
+	// Private IP addresses should remain unchanged
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesVerbose, "192.168.1.0/24")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesVerbose, "10.0.0.0/8")
+
+	// Public IP addresses should be anonymized to the default range
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonIptablesVerbose, "44.192.140.1")
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonIptablesVerbose, "44.192.140.0/24")
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonIptablesVerbose, "52.84.12.34")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesVerbose, "198.51.100.") // Default anonymous range
+
+	// Structure and counters should be preserved
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesVerbose, "Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesVerbose, "100  1024 DROP")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIptablesVerbose, "pkts bytes target")
+
+	// Test nftables anonymization
+	anonNftables := anonymizer.AnonymizeString(nftablesRules)
+
+	// Private IP addresses should remain unchanged
+	assert.Contains(t, anonNftables, "192.168.1.1")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonNftables, "10.0.0.0/8")
+
+	// Public IP addresses should be anonymized to the default range
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonNftables, "44.192.140.1")
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonNftables, "44.192.140.0/24")
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonNftables, "52.84.12.34")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonNftables, "198.51.100.") // Default anonymous range
+
+	// Structure should be preserved
+	assert.Contains(t, anonNftables, "table inet filter {")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonNftables, "chain input {")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonNftables, "type filter hook input priority filter; policy accept;")
+}

client/internal/dns/handler_chain_test.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package dns_test
 
 import (
-	"net"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
@@ -9,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/mock"
 
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/test"
 )
 
 // TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_Priorities tests that handlers are executed in priority order
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_Priorities(t *testing.T) {
 	r.SetQuestion("example.com.", dns.TypeA)
 
 	// Create test writer
-	w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &mockResponseWriter{}}
+	w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
 
 	// Setup expectations - only highest priority handler should be called
 	dnsRouteHandler.On("ServeDNS", mock.Anything, r).Once()
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_DomainMatching(t *testing.T) {
 
 			r := new(dns.Msg)
 			r.SetQuestion(tt.queryDomain, dns.TypeA)
-			w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &mockResponseWriter{}}
+			w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
 
 			chain.ServeDNS(w, r)
 
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_OverlappingDomains(t *testing.T) {
 			// Create and execute request
 			r := new(dns.Msg)
 			r.SetQuestion(tt.queryDomain, dns.TypeA)
-			w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &mockResponseWriter{}}
+			w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
 			chain.ServeDNS(w, r)
 
 			// Verify expectations
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_ChainContinuation(t *testing.T) {
 	}).Once()
 
 	// Execute
-	w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &mockResponseWriter{}}
+	w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
 	chain.ServeDNS(w, r)
 
 	// Verify all handlers were called in order
@@ -325,20 +325,6 @@ func TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_ChainContinuation(t *testing.T) {
 	handler3.AssertExpectations(t)
 }
 
-// mockResponseWriter implements dns.ResponseWriter for testing
-type mockResponseWriter struct {
-	mock.Mock
-}
-
-func (m *mockResponseWriter) LocalAddr() net.Addr       { return nil }
-func (m *mockResponseWriter) RemoteAddr() net.Addr      { return nil }
-func (m *mockResponseWriter) WriteMsg(*dns.Msg) error   { return nil }
-func (m *mockResponseWriter) Write([]byte) (int, error) { return 0, nil }
-func (m *mockResponseWriter) Close() error              { return nil }
-func (m *mockResponseWriter) TsigStatus() error         { return nil }
-func (m *mockResponseWriter) TsigTimersOnly(bool)       {}
-func (m *mockResponseWriter) Hijack()                   {}
-
 func TestHandlerChain_PriorityDeregistration(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name string
@@ -425,7 +411,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_PriorityDeregistration(t *testing.T) {
 			// Create test request
 			r := new(dns.Msg)
 			r.SetQuestion(tt.query, dns.TypeA)
-			w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &mockResponseWriter{}}
+			w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
 
 			// Setup expectations
 			for priority, handler := range handlers {
@@ -471,7 +457,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_MultiPriorityHandling(t *testing.T) {
 	chain.AddHandler(testDomain, matchHandler, nbdns.PriorityMatchDomain)
 
 	// Test 1: Initial state
-	w1 := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &mockResponseWriter{}}
+	w1 := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
 	// Highest priority handler (routeHandler) should be called
 	routeHandler.On("ServeDNS", mock.Anything, r).Return().Once()
 	matchHandler.On("ServeDNS", mock.Anything, r).Maybe()   // Ensure others are not expected yet
@@ -490,7 +476,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_MultiPriorityHandling(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test 2: Remove highest priority handler
 	chain.RemoveHandler(testDomain, nbdns.PriorityDNSRoute)
 
-	w2 := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &mockResponseWriter{}}
+	w2 := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
 	// Now middle priority handler (matchHandler) should be called
 	matchHandler.On("ServeDNS", mock.Anything, r).Return().Once()
 	defaultHandler.On("ServeDNS", mock.Anything, r).Maybe() // Ensure default is not expected yet
@@ -506,7 +492,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_MultiPriorityHandling(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test 3: Remove middle priority handler
 	chain.RemoveHandler(testDomain, nbdns.PriorityMatchDomain)
 
-	w3 := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &mockResponseWriter{}}
+	w3 := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
 	// Now lowest priority handler (defaultHandler) should be called
 	defaultHandler.On("ServeDNS", mock.Anything, r).Return().Once()
 
@@ -519,7 +505,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_MultiPriorityHandling(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test 4: Remove last handler
 	chain.RemoveHandler(testDomain, nbdns.PriorityDefault)
 
-	w4 := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &mockResponseWriter{}}
+	w4 := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
 	chain.ServeDNS(w4, r) // Call ServeDNS on the now empty chain for this domain
 
 	for _, m := range mocks {
@@ -675,7 +661,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_CaseSensitivity(t *testing.T) {
 			// Execute request
 			r := new(dns.Msg)
 			r.SetQuestion(tt.query, dns.TypeA)
-			chain.ServeDNS(&mockResponseWriter{}, r)
+			chain.ServeDNS(&test.MockResponseWriter{}, r)
 
 			// Verify each handler was called exactly as expected
 			for _, h := range tt.addHandlers {
@@ -819,7 +805,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_DomainSpecificityOrdering(t *testing.T) {
 
 			r := new(dns.Msg)
 			r.SetQuestion(tt.query, dns.TypeA)
-			w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &mockResponseWriter{}}
+			w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
 
 			// Setup handler expectations
 			for pattern, handler := range handlers {
@@ -969,7 +955,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_AddRemoveRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
 			handler := &nbdns.MockHandler{}
 			r := new(dns.Msg)
 			r.SetQuestion(tt.queryPattern, dns.TypeA)
-			w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &mockResponseWriter{}}
+			w := &nbdns.ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
 
 			// First verify no handler is called before adding any
 			chain.ServeDNS(w, r)

client/internal/dns/local.go

@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-package dns
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/miekg/dns"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
-	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
-)
-
-type registrationMap map[string]struct{}
-
-type localResolver struct {
-	registeredMap registrationMap
-	records       sync.Map // key: string (domain_class_type), value: []dns.RR
-}
-
-func (d *localResolver) MatchSubdomains() bool {
-	return true
-}
-
-func (d *localResolver) stop() {
-}
-
-// String returns a string representation of the local resolver
-func (d *localResolver) String() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("local resolver [%d records]", len(d.registeredMap))
-}
-
-// ID returns the unique handler ID
-func (d *localResolver) id() handlerID {
-	return "local-resolver"
-}
-
-// ServeDNS handles a DNS request
-func (d *localResolver) ServeDNS(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) {
-	if len(r.Question) > 0 {
-		log.Tracef("received local question: domain=%s type=%v class=%v", r.Question[0].Name, r.Question[0].Qtype, r.Question[0].Qclass)
-	}
-
-	replyMessage := &dns.Msg{}
-	replyMessage.SetReply(r)
-	replyMessage.RecursionAvailable = true
-
-	// lookup all records matching the question
-	records := d.lookupRecords(r)
-	if len(records) > 0 {
-		replyMessage.Rcode = dns.RcodeSuccess
-		replyMessage.Answer = append(replyMessage.Answer, records...)
-	} else {
-		replyMessage.Rcode = dns.RcodeNameError
-	}
-
-	err := w.WriteMsg(replyMessage)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("got an error while writing the local resolver response, error: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-// lookupRecords fetches *all* DNS records matching the first question in r.
-func (d *localResolver) lookupRecords(r *dns.Msg) []dns.RR {
-	if len(r.Question) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	question := r.Question[0]
-	question.Name = strings.ToLower(question.Name)
-	key := buildRecordKey(question.Name, question.Qclass, question.Qtype)
-
-	value, found := d.records.Load(key)
-	if !found {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	records, ok := value.([]dns.RR)
-	if !ok {
-		log.Errorf("failed to cast records to []dns.RR, records: %v", value)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// if there's more than one record, rotate them (round-robin)
-	if len(records) > 1 {
-		first := records[0]
-		records = append(records[1:], first)
-		d.records.Store(key, records)
-	}
-
-	return records
-}
-
-// registerRecord stores a new record by appending it to any existing list
-func (d *localResolver) registerRecord(record nbdns.SimpleRecord) (string, error) {
-	rr, err := dns.NewRR(record.String())
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("register record: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	rr.Header().Rdlength = record.Len()
-	header := rr.Header()
-	key := buildRecordKey(header.Name, header.Class, header.Rrtype)
-
-	// load any existing slice of records, then append
-	existing, _ := d.records.LoadOrStore(key, []dns.RR{})
-	records := existing.([]dns.RR)
-	records = append(records, rr)
-
-	// store updated slice
-	d.records.Store(key, records)
-	return key, nil
-}
-
-// deleteRecord removes *all* records under the recordKey.
-func (d *localResolver) deleteRecord(recordKey string) {
-	d.records.Delete(dns.Fqdn(recordKey))
-}
-
-// buildRecordKey consistently generates a key: name_class_type
-func buildRecordKey(name string, class, qType uint16) string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s_%d_%d", dns.Fqdn(name), class, qType)
-}
-
-func (d *localResolver) probeAvailability() {}

client/internal/dns/local/local.go

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+package local
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/types"
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+)
+
+type Resolver struct {
+	mu      sync.RWMutex
+	records map[dns.Question][]dns.RR
+}
+
+func NewResolver() *Resolver {
+	return &Resolver{
+		records: make(map[dns.Question][]dns.RR),
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *Resolver) MatchSubdomains() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+// String returns a string representation of the local resolver
+func (d *Resolver) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("local resolver [%d records]", len(d.records))
+}
+
+func (d *Resolver) Stop() {}
+
+// ID returns the unique handler ID
+func (d *Resolver) ID() types.HandlerID {
+	return "local-resolver"
+}
+
+func (d *Resolver) ProbeAvailability() {}
+
+// ServeDNS handles a DNS request
+func (d *Resolver) ServeDNS(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) {
+	if len(r.Question) == 0 {
+		log.Debugf("received local resolver request with no question")
+		return
+	}
+	question := r.Question[0]
+	question.Name = strings.ToLower(dns.Fqdn(question.Name))
+
+	log.Tracef("received local question: domain=%s type=%v class=%v", r.Question[0].Name, question.Qtype, question.Qclass)
+
+	replyMessage := &dns.Msg{}
+	replyMessage.SetReply(r)
+	replyMessage.RecursionAvailable = true
+
+	// lookup all records matching the question
+	records := d.lookupRecords(question)
+	if len(records) > 0 {
+		replyMessage.Rcode = dns.RcodeSuccess
+		replyMessage.Answer = append(replyMessage.Answer, records...)
+	} else {
+		// TODO: return success if we have a different record type for the same name, relevant for search domains
+		replyMessage.Rcode = dns.RcodeNameError
+	}
+
+	if err := w.WriteMsg(replyMessage); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to write the local resolver response: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// lookupRecords fetches *all* DNS records matching the first question in r.
+func (d *Resolver) lookupRecords(question dns.Question) []dns.RR {
+	d.mu.RLock()
+	records, found := d.records[question]
+
+	if !found {
+		d.mu.RUnlock()
+		// alternatively check if we have a cname
+		if question.Qtype != dns.TypeCNAME {
+			question.Qtype = dns.TypeCNAME
+			return d.lookupRecords(question)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	recordsCopy := slices.Clone(records)
+	d.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	// if there's more than one record, rotate them (round-robin)
+	if len(recordsCopy) > 1 {
+		d.mu.Lock()
+		records = d.records[question]
+		if len(records) > 1 {
+			first := records[0]
+			records = append(records[1:], first)
+			d.records[question] = records
+		}
+		d.mu.Unlock()
+	}
+
+	return recordsCopy
+}
+
+func (d *Resolver) Update(update []nbdns.SimpleRecord) {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+
+	maps.Clear(d.records)
+
+	for _, rec := range update {
+		if err := d.registerRecord(rec); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to register the record (%s): %v", rec, err)
+			continue
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// RegisterRecord stores a new record by appending it to any existing list
+func (d *Resolver) RegisterRecord(record nbdns.SimpleRecord) error {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return d.registerRecord(record)
+}
+
+// registerRecord performs the registration with the lock already held
+func (d *Resolver) registerRecord(record nbdns.SimpleRecord) error {
+	rr, err := dns.NewRR(record.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("register record: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	rr.Header().Rdlength = record.Len()
+	header := rr.Header()
+	q := dns.Question{
+		Name:   strings.ToLower(dns.Fqdn(header.Name)),
+		Qtype:  header.Rrtype,
+		Qclass: header.Class,
+	}
+
+	d.records[q] = append(d.records[q], rr)
+
+	return nil
+}

client/internal/dns/local/local_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,472 @@
+package local
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/test"
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+)
+
+func TestLocalResolver_ServeDNS(t *testing.T) {
+	recordA := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name:  "peera.netbird.cloud.",
+		Type:  1,
+		Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+		TTL:   300,
+		RData: "1.2.3.4",
+	}
+
+	recordCNAME := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name:  "peerb.netbird.cloud.",
+		Type:  5,
+		Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+		TTL:   300,
+		RData: "www.netbird.io",
+	}
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name                string
+		inputRecord         nbdns.SimpleRecord
+		inputMSG            *dns.Msg
+		responseShouldBeNil bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "Should Resolve A Record",
+			inputRecord: recordA,
+			inputMSG:    new(dns.Msg).SetQuestion(recordA.Name, dns.TypeA),
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Should Resolve CNAME Record",
+			inputRecord: recordCNAME,
+			inputMSG:    new(dns.Msg).SetQuestion(recordCNAME.Name, dns.TypeCNAME),
+		},
+		{
+			name:                "Should Not Write When Not Found A Record",
+			inputRecord:         recordA,
+			inputMSG:            new(dns.Msg).SetQuestion("not.found.com", dns.TypeA),
+			responseShouldBeNil: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			resolver := NewResolver()
+			_ = resolver.RegisterRecord(testCase.inputRecord)
+			var responseMSG *dns.Msg
+			responseWriter := &test.MockResponseWriter{
+				WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error {
+					responseMSG = m
+					return nil
+				},
+			}
+
+			resolver.ServeDNS(responseWriter, testCase.inputMSG)
+
+			if responseMSG == nil || len(responseMSG.Answer) == 0 {
+				if testCase.responseShouldBeNil {
+					return
+				}
+				t.Fatalf("should write a response message")
+			}
+
+			answerString := responseMSG.Answer[0].String()
+			if !strings.Contains(answerString, testCase.inputRecord.Name) {
+				t.Fatalf("answer doesn't contain the same domain name: \nWant: %s\nGot:%s", testCase.name, answerString)
+			}
+			if !strings.Contains(answerString, dns.Type(testCase.inputRecord.Type).String()) {
+				t.Fatalf("answer doesn't contain the correct type: \nWant: %s\nGot:%s", dns.Type(testCase.inputRecord.Type).String(), answerString)
+			}
+			if !strings.Contains(answerString, testCase.inputRecord.RData) {
+				t.Fatalf("answer doesn't contain the same address: \nWant: %s\nGot:%s", testCase.inputRecord.RData, answerString)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestLocalResolver_Update_StaleRecord verifies that updating
+// a record correctly replaces the old one, preventing stale entries.
+func TestLocalResolver_Update_StaleRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	recordName := "host.example.com."
+	recordType := dns.TypeA
+	recordClass := dns.ClassINET
+
+	record1 := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name: recordName, Type: int(recordType), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "1.1.1.1",
+	}
+	record2 := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name: recordName, Type: int(recordType), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "2.2.2.2",
+	}
+
+	recordKey := dns.Question{Name: recordName, Qtype: uint16(recordClass), Qclass: recordType}
+
+	resolver := NewResolver()
+
+	update1 := []nbdns.SimpleRecord{record1}
+	update2 := []nbdns.SimpleRecord{record2}
+
+	// Apply first update
+	resolver.Update(update1)
+
+	// Verify first update
+	resolver.mu.RLock()
+	rrSlice1, found1 := resolver.records[recordKey]
+	resolver.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	require.True(t, found1, "Record key %s not found after first update", recordKey)
+	require.Len(t, rrSlice1, 1, "Should have exactly 1 record after first update")
+	assert.Contains(t, rrSlice1[0].String(), record1.RData, "Record after first update should be %s", record1.RData)
+
+	// Apply second update
+	resolver.Update(update2)
+
+	// Verify second update
+	resolver.mu.RLock()
+	rrSlice2, found2 := resolver.records[recordKey]
+	resolver.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	require.True(t, found2, "Record key %s not found after second update", recordKey)
+	require.Len(t, rrSlice2, 1, "Should have exactly 1 record after update overwriting the key")
+	assert.Contains(t, rrSlice2[0].String(), record2.RData, "The single record should be the updated one (%s)", record2.RData)
+	assert.NotContains(t, rrSlice2[0].String(), record1.RData, "The stale record (%s) should not be present", record1.RData)
+}
+
+// TestLocalResolver_MultipleRecords_SameQuestion verifies that multiple records
+// with the same question are stored properly
+func TestLocalResolver_MultipleRecords_SameQuestion(t *testing.T) {
+	resolver := NewResolver()
+
+	recordName := "multi.example.com."
+	recordType := dns.TypeA
+
+	// Create two records with the same name and type but different IPs
+	record1 := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name: recordName, Type: int(recordType), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1",
+	}
+	record2 := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name: recordName, Type: int(recordType), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.2",
+	}
+
+	update := []nbdns.SimpleRecord{record1, record2}
+
+	// Apply update with both records
+	resolver.Update(update)
+
+	// Create question that matches both records
+	question := dns.Question{
+		Name:   recordName,
+		Qtype:  recordType,
+		Qclass: dns.ClassINET,
+	}
+
+	// Verify both records are stored
+	resolver.mu.RLock()
+	records, found := resolver.records[question]
+	resolver.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	require.True(t, found, "Records for question %v not found", question)
+	require.Len(t, records, 2, "Should have exactly 2 records for the same question")
+
+	// Verify both record data values are present
+	recordStrings := []string{records[0].String(), records[1].String()}
+	assert.Contains(t, recordStrings[0]+recordStrings[1], record1.RData, "First record data should be present")
+	assert.Contains(t, recordStrings[0]+recordStrings[1], record2.RData, "Second record data should be present")
+}
+
+// TestLocalResolver_RecordRotation verifies that records are rotated in a round-robin fashion
+func TestLocalResolver_RecordRotation(t *testing.T) {
+	resolver := NewResolver()
+
+	recordName := "rotation.example.com."
+	recordType := dns.TypeA
+
+	// Create three records with the same name and type but different IPs
+	record1 := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name: recordName, Type: int(recordType), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "192.168.1.1",
+	}
+	record2 := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name: recordName, Type: int(recordType), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "192.168.1.2",
+	}
+	record3 := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name: recordName, Type: int(recordType), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "192.168.1.3",
+	}
+
+	update := []nbdns.SimpleRecord{record1, record2, record3}
+
+	// Apply update with all three records
+	resolver.Update(update)
+
+	msg := new(dns.Msg).SetQuestion(recordName, recordType)
+
+	// First lookup - should return the records in original order
+	var responses [3]*dns.Msg
+
+	// Perform three lookups to verify rotation
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		responseWriter := &test.MockResponseWriter{
+			WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error {
+				responses[i] = m
+				return nil
+			},
+		}
+
+		resolver.ServeDNS(responseWriter, msg)
+	}
+
+	// Verify all three responses contain answers
+	for i, resp := range responses {
+		require.NotNil(t, resp, "Response %d should not be nil", i)
+		require.Len(t, resp.Answer, 3, "Response %d should have 3 answers", i)
+	}
+
+	// Verify the first record in each response is different due to rotation
+	firstRecordIPs := []string{
+		responses[0].Answer[0].String(),
+		responses[1].Answer[0].String(),
+		responses[2].Answer[0].String(),
+	}
+
+	// Each record should be different (rotated)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, firstRecordIPs[0], firstRecordIPs[1], "First lookup should differ from second lookup due to rotation")
+	assert.NotEqual(t, firstRecordIPs[1], firstRecordIPs[2], "Second lookup should differ from third lookup due to rotation")
+	assert.NotEqual(t, firstRecordIPs[0], firstRecordIPs[2], "First lookup should differ from third lookup due to rotation")
+
+	// After three rotations, we should have cycled through all records
+	assert.Contains(t, firstRecordIPs[0]+firstRecordIPs[1]+firstRecordIPs[2], record1.RData)
+	assert.Contains(t, firstRecordIPs[0]+firstRecordIPs[1]+firstRecordIPs[2], record2.RData)
+	assert.Contains(t, firstRecordIPs[0]+firstRecordIPs[1]+firstRecordIPs[2], record3.RData)
+}
+
+// TestLocalResolver_CaseInsensitiveMatching verifies that DNS record lookups are case-insensitive
+func TestLocalResolver_CaseInsensitiveMatching(t *testing.T) {
+	resolver := NewResolver()
+
+	// Create record with lowercase name
+	lowerCaseRecord := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name:  "lower.example.com.",
+		Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
+		Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+		TTL:   300,
+		RData: "10.10.10.10",
+	}
+
+	// Create record with mixed case name
+	mixedCaseRecord := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name:  "MiXeD.ExAmPlE.CoM.",
+		Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
+		Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+		TTL:   300,
+		RData: "20.20.20.20",
+	}
+
+	// Update resolver with the records
+	resolver.Update([]nbdns.SimpleRecord{lowerCaseRecord, mixedCaseRecord})
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name          string
+		queryName     string
+		expectedRData string
+		shouldResolve bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:          "Query lowercase with lowercase record",
+			queryName:     "lower.example.com.",
+			expectedRData: "10.10.10.10",
+			shouldResolve: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Query uppercase with lowercase record",
+			queryName:     "LOWER.EXAMPLE.COM.",
+			expectedRData: "10.10.10.10",
+			shouldResolve: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Query mixed case with lowercase record",
+			queryName:     "LoWeR.eXaMpLe.CoM.",
+			expectedRData: "10.10.10.10",
+			shouldResolve: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Query lowercase with mixed case record",
+			queryName:     "mixed.example.com.",
+			expectedRData: "20.20.20.20",
+			shouldResolve: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Query uppercase with mixed case record",
+			queryName:     "MIXED.EXAMPLE.COM.",
+			expectedRData: "20.20.20.20",
+			shouldResolve: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Query with different casing pattern",
+			queryName:     "mIxEd.ExaMpLe.cOm.",
+			expectedRData: "20.20.20.20",
+			shouldResolve: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Query non-existent domain",
+			queryName:     "nonexistent.example.com.",
+			shouldResolve: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var responseMSG *dns.Msg
+
+			// Create DNS query with the test case name
+			msg := new(dns.Msg).SetQuestion(tc.queryName, dns.TypeA)
+
+			// Create mock response writer to capture the response
+			responseWriter := &test.MockResponseWriter{
+				WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error {
+					responseMSG = m
+					return nil
+				},
+			}
+
+			// Perform DNS query
+			resolver.ServeDNS(responseWriter, msg)
+
+			// Check if we expect a successful resolution
+			if !tc.shouldResolve {
+				if responseMSG == nil || len(responseMSG.Answer) == 0 {
+					// Expected no answer, test passes
+					return
+				}
+				t.Fatalf("Expected no resolution for %s, but got answer: %v", tc.queryName, responseMSG.Answer)
+			}
+
+			// Verify we got a response
+			require.NotNil(t, responseMSG, "Should have received a response message")
+			require.Greater(t, len(responseMSG.Answer), 0, "Response should contain at least one answer")
+
+			// Verify the response contains the expected data
+			answerString := responseMSG.Answer[0].String()
+			assert.Contains(t, answerString, tc.expectedRData,
+				"Answer should contain the expected IP address %s, got: %s",
+				tc.expectedRData, answerString)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestLocalResolver_CNAMEFallback verifies that the resolver correctly falls back
+// to checking for CNAME records when the requested record type isn't found
+func TestLocalResolver_CNAMEFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	resolver := NewResolver()
+
+	// Create a CNAME record (but no A record for this name)
+	cnameRecord := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name:  "alias.example.com.",
+		Type:  int(dns.TypeCNAME),
+		Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+		TTL:   300,
+		RData: "target.example.com.",
+	}
+
+	// Create an A record for the CNAME target
+	targetRecord := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name:  "target.example.com.",
+		Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
+		Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+		TTL:   300,
+		RData: "192.168.100.100",
+	}
+
+	// Update resolver with both records
+	resolver.Update([]nbdns.SimpleRecord{cnameRecord, targetRecord})
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name          string
+		queryName     string
+		queryType     uint16
+		expectedType  string
+		expectedRData string
+		shouldResolve bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:          "Directly query CNAME record",
+			queryName:     "alias.example.com.",
+			queryType:     dns.TypeCNAME,
+			expectedType:  "CNAME",
+			expectedRData: "target.example.com.",
+			shouldResolve: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Query A record but get CNAME fallback",
+			queryName:     "alias.example.com.",
+			queryType:     dns.TypeA,
+			expectedType:  "CNAME",
+			expectedRData: "target.example.com.",
+			shouldResolve: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Query AAAA record but get CNAME fallback",
+			queryName:     "alias.example.com.",
+			queryType:     dns.TypeAAAA,
+			expectedType:  "CNAME",
+			expectedRData: "target.example.com.",
+			shouldResolve: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Query direct A record",
+			queryName:     "target.example.com.",
+			queryType:     dns.TypeA,
+			expectedType:  "A",
+			expectedRData: "192.168.100.100",
+			shouldResolve: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "Query non-existent name",
+			queryName:     "nonexistent.example.com.",
+			queryType:     dns.TypeA,
+			shouldResolve: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var responseMSG *dns.Msg
+
+			// Create DNS query with the test case parameters
+			msg := new(dns.Msg).SetQuestion(tc.queryName, tc.queryType)
+
+			// Create mock response writer to capture the response
+			responseWriter := &test.MockResponseWriter{
+				WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error {
+					responseMSG = m
+					return nil
+				},
+			}
+
+			// Perform DNS query
+			resolver.ServeDNS(responseWriter, msg)
+
+			// Check if we expect a successful resolution
+			if !tc.shouldResolve {
+				if responseMSG == nil || len(responseMSG.Answer) == 0 || responseMSG.Rcode != dns.RcodeSuccess {
+					// Expected no resolution, test passes
+					return
+				}
+				t.Fatalf("Expected no resolution for %s, but got answer: %v", tc.queryName, responseMSG.Answer)
+			}
+
+			// Verify we got a successful response
+			require.NotNil(t, responseMSG, "Should have received a response message")
+			require.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, responseMSG.Rcode, "Response should have success status code")
+			require.Greater(t, len(responseMSG.Answer), 0, "Response should contain at least one answer")
+
+			// Verify the response contains the expected data
+			answerString := responseMSG.Answer[0].String()
+			assert.Contains(t, answerString, tc.expectedType,
+				"Answer should be of type %s, got: %s", tc.expectedType, answerString)
+			assert.Contains(t, answerString, tc.expectedRData,
+				"Answer should contain the expected data %s, got: %s", tc.expectedRData, answerString)
+		})
+	}
+}

client/internal/dns/local_test.go

@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-package dns
-
-import (
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/miekg/dns"
-
-	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
-)
-
-func TestLocalResolver_ServeDNS(t *testing.T) {
-	recordA := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
-		Name:  "peera.netbird.cloud.",
-		Type:  1,
-		Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
-		TTL:   300,
-		RData: "1.2.3.4",
-	}
-
-	recordCNAME := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
-		Name:  "peerb.netbird.cloud.",
-		Type:  5,
-		Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
-		TTL:   300,
-		RData: "www.netbird.io",
-	}
-
-	testCases := []struct {
-		name                string
-		inputRecord         nbdns.SimpleRecord
-		inputMSG            *dns.Msg
-		responseShouldBeNil bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:        "Should Resolve A Record",
-			inputRecord: recordA,
-			inputMSG:    new(dns.Msg).SetQuestion(recordA.Name, dns.TypeA),
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "Should Resolve CNAME Record",
-			inputRecord: recordCNAME,
-			inputMSG:    new(dns.Msg).SetQuestion(recordCNAME.Name, dns.TypeCNAME),
-		},
-		{
-			name:                "Should Not Write When Not Found A Record",
-			inputRecord:         recordA,
-			inputMSG:            new(dns.Msg).SetQuestion("not.found.com", dns.TypeA),
-			responseShouldBeNil: true,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, testCase := range testCases {
-		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			resolver := &localResolver{
-				registeredMap: make(registrationMap),
-			}
-			_, _ = resolver.registerRecord(testCase.inputRecord)
-			var responseMSG *dns.Msg
-			responseWriter := &mockResponseWriter{
-				WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error {
-					responseMSG = m
-					return nil
-				},
-			}
-
-			resolver.ServeDNS(responseWriter, testCase.inputMSG)
-
-			if responseMSG == nil || len(responseMSG.Answer) == 0 {
-				if testCase.responseShouldBeNil {
-					return
-				}
-				t.Fatalf("should write a response message")
-			}
-
-			answerString := responseMSG.Answer[0].String()
-			if !strings.Contains(answerString, testCase.inputRecord.Name) {
-				t.Fatalf("answer doesn't contain the same domain name: \nWant: %s\nGot:%s", testCase.name, answerString)
-			}
-			if !strings.Contains(answerString, dns.Type(testCase.inputRecord.Type).String()) {
-				t.Fatalf("answer doesn't contain the correct type: \nWant: %s\nGot:%s", dns.Type(testCase.inputRecord.Type).String(), answerString)
-			}
-			if !strings.Contains(answerString, testCase.inputRecord.RData) {
-				t.Fatalf("answer doesn't contain the same address: \nWant: %s\nGot:%s", testCase.inputRecord.RData, answerString)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}

client/internal/dns/mock_test.go

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-package dns
-
-import (
-	"net"
-
-	"github.com/miekg/dns"
-)
-
-type mockResponseWriter struct {
-	WriteMsgFunc func(m *dns.Msg) error
-}
-
-func (rw *mockResponseWriter) WriteMsg(m *dns.Msg) error {
-	if rw.WriteMsgFunc != nil {
-		return rw.WriteMsgFunc(m)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (rw *mockResponseWriter) LocalAddr() net.Addr       { return nil }
-func (rw *mockResponseWriter) RemoteAddr() net.Addr      { return nil }
-func (rw *mockResponseWriter) Write([]byte) (int, error) { return 0, nil }
-func (rw *mockResponseWriter) Close() error              { return nil }
-func (rw *mockResponseWriter) TsigStatus() error         { return nil }
-func (rw *mockResponseWriter) TsigTimersOnly(bool)       {}
-func (rw *mockResponseWriter) Hijack()                   {}

client/internal/dns/server.go

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/netstack"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/local"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/listener"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
@@ -46,8 +48,6 @@ type Server interface {
 	ProbeAvailability()
 }
 
-type handlerID string
-
 type nsGroupsByDomain struct {
 	domain string
 	groups []*nbdns.NameServerGroup
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ type DefaultServer struct {
 	mux                sync.Mutex
 	service            service
 	dnsMuxMap          registeredHandlerMap
-	localResolver      *localResolver
+	localResolver      *local.Resolver
 	wgInterface        WGIface
 	hostManager        hostManager
 	updateSerial       uint64
@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ type DefaultServer struct {
 
 type handlerWithStop interface {
 	dns.Handler
-	stop()
+	Stop()
-	probeAvailability()
+	ProbeAvailability()
-	id() handlerID
+	ID() types.HandlerID
 }
 
 type handlerWrapper struct {
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ type handlerWrapper struct {
 	priority int
 }
 
-type registeredHandlerMap map[handlerID]handlerWrapper
+type registeredHandlerMap map[types.HandlerID]handlerWrapper
 
 // NewDefaultServer returns a new dns server
 func NewDefaultServer(
@@ -178,9 +178,7 @@ func newDefaultServer(
 		handlerChain:   handlerChain,
 		extraDomains:   make(map[domain.Domain]int),
 		dnsMuxMap:      make(registeredHandlerMap),
-		localResolver: &localResolver{
+		localResolver:  local.NewResolver(),
-			registeredMap: make(registrationMap),
-		},
 		wgInterface:    wgInterface,
 		statusRecorder: statusRecorder,
 		stateManager:   stateManager,
@@ -403,7 +401,7 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) ProbeAvailability() {
 		wg.Add(1)
 		go func(mux handlerWithStop) {
 			defer wg.Done()
-			mux.probeAvailability()
+			mux.ProbeAvailability()
 		}(mux.handler)
 	}
 	wg.Wait()
@@ -420,7 +418,7 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) applyConfiguration(update nbdns.Config) error {
 		s.service.Stop()
 	}
 
-	localMuxUpdates, localRecordsByDomain, err := s.buildLocalHandlerUpdate(update.CustomZones)
+	localMuxUpdates, localRecords, err := s.buildLocalHandlerUpdate(update.CustomZones)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("local handler updater: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -434,7 +432,7 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) applyConfiguration(update nbdns.Config) error {
 	s.updateMux(muxUpdates)
 
 	// register local records
-	s.updateLocalResolver(localRecordsByDomain)
+	s.localResolver.Update(localRecords)
 
 	s.currentConfig = dnsConfigToHostDNSConfig(update, s.service.RuntimeIP(), s.service.RuntimePort())
 
@@ -467,6 +465,11 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) applyHostConfig() {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// prevent reapplying config if we're shutting down
+	if s.ctx.Err() != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
 	config := s.currentConfig
 
 	existingDomains := make(map[string]struct{})
@@ -511,11 +514,9 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) handleErrNoGroupaAll(err error) {
 	)
 }
 
-func (s *DefaultServer) buildLocalHandlerUpdate(
+func (s *DefaultServer) buildLocalHandlerUpdate(customZones []nbdns.CustomZone) ([]handlerWrapper, []nbdns.SimpleRecord, error) {
-	customZones []nbdns.CustomZone,
-) ([]handlerWrapper, map[string][]nbdns.SimpleRecord, error) {
 	var muxUpdates []handlerWrapper
-	localRecords := make(map[string][]nbdns.SimpleRecord)
+	var localRecords []nbdns.SimpleRecord
 
 	for _, customZone := range customZones {
 		if len(customZone.Records) == 0 {
@@ -529,17 +530,13 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) buildLocalHandlerUpdate(
 			priority: PriorityMatchDomain,
 		})
 
-		// group all records under this domain
 		for _, record := range customZone.Records {
-			var class uint16 = dns.ClassINET
 			if record.Class != nbdns.DefaultClass {
 				log.Warnf("received an invalid class type: %s", record.Class)
 				continue
 			}
-
+			// zone records contain the fqdn, so we can just flatten them
-			key := buildRecordKey(record.Name, class, uint16(record.Type))
+			localRecords = append(localRecords, record)
-
-			localRecords[key] = append(localRecords[key], record)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -622,7 +619,7 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) createHandlersForDomainGroup(domainGroup nsGroupsByDomai
 		}
 
 		if len(handler.upstreamServers) == 0 {
-			handler.stop()
+			handler.Stop()
 			log.Errorf("received a nameserver group with an invalid nameserver list")
 			continue
 		}
@@ -651,7 +648,7 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) updateMux(muxUpdates []handlerWrapper) {
 	// this will introduce a short period of time when the server is not able to handle DNS requests
 	for _, existing := range s.dnsMuxMap {
 		s.deregisterHandler([]string{existing.domain}, existing.priority)
-		existing.handler.stop()
+		existing.handler.Stop()
 	}
 
 	muxUpdateMap := make(registeredHandlerMap)
@@ -662,7 +659,7 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) updateMux(muxUpdates []handlerWrapper) {
 			containsRootUpdate = true
 		}
 		s.registerHandler([]string{update.domain}, update.handler, update.priority)
-		muxUpdateMap[update.handler.id()] = update
+		muxUpdateMap[update.handler.ID()] = update
 	}
 
 	// If there's no root update and we had a root handler, restore it
@@ -678,33 +675,6 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) updateMux(muxUpdates []handlerWrapper) {
 	s.dnsMuxMap = muxUpdateMap
 }
 
-func (s *DefaultServer) updateLocalResolver(update map[string][]nbdns.SimpleRecord) {
-	// remove old records that are no longer present
-	for key := range s.localResolver.registeredMap {
-		_, found := update[key]
-		if !found {
-			s.localResolver.deleteRecord(key)
-		}
-	}
-
-	updatedMap := make(registrationMap)
-	for _, recs := range update {
-		for _, rec := range recs {
-			// convert the record to a dns.RR and register
-			key, err := s.localResolver.registerRecord(rec)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Warnf("got an error while registering the record (%s), error: %v",
-					rec.String(), err)
-				continue
-			}
-
-			updatedMap[key] = struct{}{}
-		}
-	}
-
-	s.localResolver.registeredMap = updatedMap
-}
-
 func getNSHostPort(ns nbdns.NameServer) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", ns.IP.String(), ns.Port)
 }

client/internal/dns/server_test.go

@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
 	pfmock "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/mocks"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/local"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/test"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
@@ -107,6 +110,7 @@ func generateDummyHandler(domain string, servers []nbdns.NameServer) *upstreamRe
 }
 
 func TestUpdateDNSServer(t *testing.T) {
+
 	nameServers := []nbdns.NameServer{
 		{
 			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.8.8"),
@@ -120,22 +124,21 @@ func TestUpdateDNSServer(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	dummyHandler := &localResolver{}
+	dummyHandler := local.NewResolver()
 
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name                string
 		initUpstreamMap     registeredHandlerMap
-		initLocalMap        registrationMap
+		initLocalRecords    []nbdns.SimpleRecord
 		initSerial          uint64
 		inputSerial         uint64
 		inputUpdate         nbdns.Config
 		shouldFail          bool
 		expectedUpstreamMap registeredHandlerMap
-		expectedLocalMap    registrationMap
+		expectedLocalQs     []dns.Question
 	}{
 		{
 			name:            "Initial Config Should Succeed",
-			initLocalMap:    make(registrationMap),
 			initUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
 			initSerial:      0,
 			inputSerial:     1,
@@ -159,30 +162,30 @@ func TestUpdateDNSServer(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 			expectedUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{
-				generateDummyHandler("netbird.io", nameServers).id(): handlerWrapper{
+				generateDummyHandler("netbird.io", nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
 					domain:   "netbird.io",
 					handler:  dummyHandler,
 					priority: PriorityMatchDomain,
 				},
-				dummyHandler.id(): handlerWrapper{
+				dummyHandler.ID(): handlerWrapper{
 					domain:   "netbird.cloud",
 					handler:  dummyHandler,
 					priority: PriorityMatchDomain,
 				},
-				generateDummyHandler(".", nameServers).id(): handlerWrapper{
+				generateDummyHandler(".", nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
 					domain:   nbdns.RootZone,
 					handler:  dummyHandler,
 					priority: PriorityDefault,
 				},
 			},
-			expectedLocalMap: registrationMap{buildRecordKey(zoneRecords[0].Name, 1, 1): struct{}{}},
+			expectedLocalQs: []dns.Question{{Name: "peera.netbird.cloud.", Qtype: dns.TypeA, Qclass: dns.ClassINET}},
 		},
 		{
 			name:             "New Config Should Succeed",
-			initLocalMap: registrationMap{"netbird.cloud": struct{}{}},
+			initLocalRecords: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{{Name: "netbird.cloud", Type: 1, Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"}},
 			initUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{
-				generateDummyHandler(zoneRecords[0].Name, nameServers).id(): handlerWrapper{
+				generateDummyHandler(zoneRecords[0].Name, nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
-					domain:   buildRecordKey(zoneRecords[0].Name, 1, 1),
+					domain:   "netbird.cloud",
 					handler:  dummyHandler,
 					priority: PriorityMatchDomain,
 				},
@@ -205,7 +208,7 @@ func TestUpdateDNSServer(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 			expectedUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{
-				generateDummyHandler("netbird.io", nameServers).id(): handlerWrapper{
+				generateDummyHandler("netbird.io", nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
 					domain:   "netbird.io",
 					handler:  dummyHandler,
 					priority: PriorityMatchDomain,
@@ -216,11 +219,11 @@ func TestUpdateDNSServer(t *testing.T) {
 					priority: PriorityMatchDomain,
 				},
 			},
-			expectedLocalMap: registrationMap{buildRecordKey(zoneRecords[0].Name, 1, 1): struct{}{}},
+			expectedLocalQs: []dns.Question{{Name: zoneRecords[0].Name, Qtype: 1, Qclass: 1}},
 		},
 		{
 			name:             "Smaller Config Serial Should Be Skipped",
-			initLocalMap:    make(registrationMap),
+			initLocalRecords: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{},
 			initUpstreamMap:  make(registeredHandlerMap),
 			initSerial:       2,
 			inputSerial:      1,
@@ -228,7 +231,7 @@ func TestUpdateDNSServer(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:             "Empty NS Group Domain Or Not Primary Element Should Fail",
-			initLocalMap:    make(registrationMap),
+			initLocalRecords: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{},
 			initUpstreamMap:  make(registeredHandlerMap),
 			initSerial:       0,
 			inputSerial:      1,
@@ -250,7 +253,7 @@ func TestUpdateDNSServer(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:             "Invalid NS Group Nameservers list Should Fail",
-			initLocalMap:    make(registrationMap),
+			initLocalRecords: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{},
 			initUpstreamMap:  make(registeredHandlerMap),
 			initSerial:       0,
 			inputSerial:      1,
@@ -272,7 +275,7 @@ func TestUpdateDNSServer(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:             "Invalid Custom Zone Records list Should Skip",
-			initLocalMap:    make(registrationMap),
+			initLocalRecords: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{},
 			initUpstreamMap:  make(registeredHandlerMap),
 			initSerial:       0,
 			inputSerial:      1,
@@ -290,7 +293,7 @@ func TestUpdateDNSServer(t *testing.T) {
 					},
 				},
 			},
-			expectedUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{generateDummyHandler(".", nameServers).id(): handlerWrapper{
+			expectedUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{generateDummyHandler(".", nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
 				domain:   ".",
 				handler:  dummyHandler,
 				priority: PriorityDefault,
@@ -298,9 +301,9 @@ func TestUpdateDNSServer(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:             "Empty Config Should Succeed and Clean Maps",
-			initLocalMap: registrationMap{"netbird.cloud": struct{}{}},
+			initLocalRecords: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{{Name: "netbird.cloud", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"}},
 			initUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{
-				generateDummyHandler(zoneRecords[0].Name, nameServers).id(): handlerWrapper{
+				generateDummyHandler(zoneRecords[0].Name, nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
 					domain:   zoneRecords[0].Name,
 					handler:  dummyHandler,
 					priority: PriorityMatchDomain,
@@ -310,13 +313,13 @@ func TestUpdateDNSServer(t *testing.T) {
 			inputSerial:         1,
 			inputUpdate:         nbdns.Config{ServiceEnable: true},
 			expectedUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
-			expectedLocalMap:    make(registrationMap),
+			expectedLocalQs:     []dns.Question{},
 		},
 		{
 			name:             "Disabled Service Should clean map",
-			initLocalMap: registrationMap{"netbird.cloud": struct{}{}},
+			initLocalRecords: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{{Name: "netbird.cloud", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"}},
 			initUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{
-				generateDummyHandler(zoneRecords[0].Name, nameServers).id(): handlerWrapper{
+				generateDummyHandler(zoneRecords[0].Name, nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
 					domain:   zoneRecords[0].Name,
 					handler:  dummyHandler,
 					priority: PriorityMatchDomain,
@@ -326,7 +329,7 @@ func TestUpdateDNSServer(t *testing.T) {
 			inputSerial:         1,
 			inputUpdate:         nbdns.Config{ServiceEnable: false},
 			expectedUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
-			expectedLocalMap:    make(registrationMap),
+			expectedLocalQs:     []dns.Question{},
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -377,7 +380,7 @@ func TestUpdateDNSServer(t *testing.T) {
 			}()
 
 			dnsServer.dnsMuxMap = testCase.initUpstreamMap
-			dnsServer.localResolver.registeredMap = testCase.initLocalMap
+			dnsServer.localResolver.Update(testCase.initLocalRecords)
 			dnsServer.updateSerial = testCase.initSerial
 
 			err = dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(testCase.inputSerial, testCase.inputUpdate)
@@ -399,15 +402,23 @@ func TestUpdateDNSServer(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 			}
 
-			if len(dnsServer.localResolver.registeredMap) != len(testCase.expectedLocalMap) {
+			var responseMSG *dns.Msg
-				t.Fatalf("update local failed, registered map size is different than expected, want %d, got %d", len(testCase.expectedLocalMap), len(dnsServer.localResolver.registeredMap))
+			responseWriter := &test.MockResponseWriter{
+				WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error {
+					responseMSG = m
+					return nil
+				},
+			}
+			for _, q := range testCase.expectedLocalQs {
+				dnsServer.localResolver.ServeDNS(responseWriter, &dns.Msg{
+					Question: []dns.Question{q},
+				})
 			}
 
-			for key := range testCase.expectedLocalMap {
+			if len(testCase.expectedLocalQs) > 0 {
-				_, found := dnsServer.localResolver.registeredMap[key]
+				assert.NotNil(t, responseMSG, "response message should not be nil")
-				if !found {
+				assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, responseMSG.Rcode, "response code should be success")
-					t.Fatalf("update local failed, key %s was not found in the localResolver.registeredMap: %#v", key, dnsServer.localResolver.registeredMap)
+				assert.NotEmpty(t, responseMSG.Answer, "response message should have answers")
-				}
 			}
 		})
 	}
@@ -491,11 +502,12 @@ func TestDNSFakeResolverHandleUpdates(t *testing.T) {
 	dnsServer.dnsMuxMap = registeredHandlerMap{
 		"id1": handlerWrapper{
 			domain:   zoneRecords[0].Name,
-			handler:  &localResolver{},
+			handler:  &local.Resolver{},
 			priority: PriorityMatchDomain,
 		},
 	}
-	dnsServer.localResolver.registeredMap = registrationMap{"netbird.cloud": struct{}{}}
+	//dnsServer.localResolver.RegisteredMap = local.RegistrationMap{local.BuildRecordKey("netbird.cloud", dns.ClassINET, dns.TypeA): struct{}{}}
+	dnsServer.localResolver.Update([]nbdns.SimpleRecord{{Name: "netbird.cloud", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"}})
 	dnsServer.updateSerial = 0
 
 	nameServers := []nbdns.NameServer{
@@ -582,7 +594,7 @@ func TestDNSServerStartStop(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
 			defer dnsServer.Stop()
-			_, err = dnsServer.localResolver.registerRecord(zoneRecords[0])
+			err = dnsServer.localResolver.RegisterRecord(zoneRecords[0])
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Error(err)
 			}
@@ -632,9 +644,7 @@ func TestDNSServerUpstreamDeactivateCallback(t *testing.T) {
 	server := DefaultServer{
 		ctx:           context.Background(),
 		service:       NewServiceViaMemory(&mocWGIface{}),
-		localResolver: &localResolver{
+		localResolver: local.NewResolver(),
-			registeredMap: make(registrationMap),
-		},
 		handlerChain:  NewHandlerChain(),
 		hostManager:   hostManager,
 		currentConfig: HostDNSConfig{
@@ -1004,7 +1014,7 @@ func TestHandlerChain_DomainPriorities(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			r := new(dns.Msg)
 			r.SetQuestion(tc.query, dns.TypeA)
-			w := &ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &mockResponseWriter{}}
+			w := &ResponseWriterChain{ResponseWriter: &test.MockResponseWriter{}}
 
 			if mh, ok := tc.expectedHandler.(*MockHandler); ok {
 				mh.On("ServeDNS", mock.Anything, r).Once()
@@ -1037,9 +1047,9 @@ type mockHandler struct {
 }
 
 func (m *mockHandler) ServeDNS(dns.ResponseWriter, *dns.Msg) {}
-func (m *mockHandler) stop()                                 {}
+func (m *mockHandler) Stop()                                 {}
-func (m *mockHandler) probeAvailability()                    {}
+func (m *mockHandler) ProbeAvailability()                    {}
-func (m *mockHandler) id() handlerID                         { return handlerID(m.Id) }
+func (m *mockHandler) ID() types.HandlerID                   { return types.HandlerID(m.Id) }
 
 type mockService struct{}
 
@@ -1113,7 +1123,7 @@ func TestDefaultServer_UpdateMux(t *testing.T) {
 		name             string
 		initialHandlers  registeredHandlerMap
 		updates          []handlerWrapper
-		expectedHandlers map[string]string // map[handlerID]domain
+		expectedHandlers map[string]string // map[HandlerID]domain
 		description      string
 	}{
 		{
@@ -1409,7 +1419,7 @@ func TestDefaultServer_UpdateMux(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// Check each expected handler
 			for id, expectedDomain := range tt.expectedHandlers {
-				handler, exists := server.dnsMuxMap[handlerID(id)]
+				handler, exists := server.dnsMuxMap[types.HandlerID(id)]
 				assert.True(t, exists, "Expected handler %s not found", id)
 				if exists {
 					assert.Equal(t, expectedDomain, handler.domain,
@@ -1418,9 +1428,9 @@ func TestDefaultServer_UpdateMux(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			// Verify no unexpected handlers exist
-			for handlerID := range server.dnsMuxMap {
+			for HandlerID := range server.dnsMuxMap {
-				_, expected := tt.expectedHandlers[string(handlerID)]
+				_, expected := tt.expectedHandlers[string(HandlerID)]
-				assert.True(t, expected, "Unexpected handler found: %s", handlerID)
+				assert.True(t, expected, "Unexpected handler found: %s", HandlerID)
 			}
 
 			// Verify the handlerChain state and order
@@ -1696,7 +1706,7 @@ func TestExtraDomains(t *testing.T) {
 				handlerChain:   NewHandlerChain(),
 				wgInterface:    &mocWGIface{},
 				hostManager:    mockHostConfig,
-				localResolver:  &localResolver{},
+				localResolver:  &local.Resolver{},
 				service:        mockSvc,
 				statusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("test"),
 				extraDomains:   make(map[domain.Domain]int),
@@ -1781,7 +1791,7 @@ func TestExtraDomainsRefCounting(t *testing.T) {
 		ctx:            context.Background(),
 		handlerChain:   NewHandlerChain(),
 		hostManager:    mockHostConfig,
-		localResolver:  &localResolver{},
+		localResolver:  &local.Resolver{},
 		service:        mockSvc,
 		statusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("test"),
 		extraDomains:   make(map[domain.Domain]int),
@@ -1833,7 +1843,7 @@ func TestUpdateConfigWithExistingExtraDomains(t *testing.T) {
 		ctx:            context.Background(),
 		handlerChain:   NewHandlerChain(),
 		hostManager:    mockHostConfig,
-		localResolver:  &localResolver{},
+		localResolver:  &local.Resolver{},
 		service:        mockSvc,
 		statusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("test"),
 		extraDomains:   make(map[domain.Domain]int),
@@ -1916,7 +1926,7 @@ func TestDomainCaseHandling(t *testing.T) {
 		ctx:            context.Background(),
 		handlerChain:   NewHandlerChain(),
 		hostManager:    mockHostConfig,
-		localResolver:  &localResolver{},
+		localResolver:  &local.Resolver{},
 		service:        mockSvc,
 		statusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("test"),
 		extraDomains:   make(map[domain.Domain]int),

client/internal/dns/test/mock.go

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package test
+
+import (
+	"net"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+)
+
+type MockResponseWriter struct {
+	WriteMsgFunc func(m *dns.Msg) error
+}
+
+func (rw *MockResponseWriter) WriteMsg(m *dns.Msg) error {
+	if rw.WriteMsgFunc != nil {
+		return rw.WriteMsgFunc(m)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (rw *MockResponseWriter) LocalAddr() net.Addr       { return nil }
+func (rw *MockResponseWriter) RemoteAddr() net.Addr      { return nil }
+func (rw *MockResponseWriter) Write([]byte) (int, error) { return 0, nil }
+func (rw *MockResponseWriter) Close() error              { return nil }
+func (rw *MockResponseWriter) TsigStatus() error         { return nil }
+func (rw *MockResponseWriter) TsigTimersOnly(bool)       {}
+func (rw *MockResponseWriter) Hijack()                   {}

client/internal/dns/types/types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package types
+
+type HandlerID string

client/internal/dns/upstream.go

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 )
@@ -80,21 +82,21 @@ func (u *upstreamResolverBase) String() string {
 }
 
 // ID returns the unique handler ID
-func (u *upstreamResolverBase) id() handlerID {
+func (u *upstreamResolverBase) ID() types.HandlerID {
 	servers := slices.Clone(u.upstreamServers)
 	slices.Sort(servers)
 
 	hash := sha256.New()
 	hash.Write([]byte(u.domain + ":"))
 	hash.Write([]byte(strings.Join(servers, ",")))
-	return handlerID("upstream-" + hex.EncodeToString(hash.Sum(nil)[:8]))
+	return types.HandlerID("upstream-" + hex.EncodeToString(hash.Sum(nil)[:8]))
 }
 
 func (u *upstreamResolverBase) MatchSubdomains() bool {
 	return true
 }
 
-func (u *upstreamResolverBase) stop() {
+func (u *upstreamResolverBase) Stop() {
 	log.Debugf("stopping serving DNS for upstreams %s", u.upstreamServers)
 	u.cancel()
 }
@@ -107,9 +109,7 @@ func (u *upstreamResolverBase) ServeDNS(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) {
 	}()
 
 	log.Tracef("received upstream question: domain=%s type=%v class=%v", r.Question[0].Name, r.Question[0].Qtype, r.Question[0].Qclass)
-	// set the AuthenticatedData flag and the EDNS0 buffer size to 4096 bytes to support larger dns records
 	if r.Extra == nil {
-		r.SetEdns0(4096, false)
 		r.MsgHdr.AuthenticatedData = true
 	}
 
@@ -199,9 +199,9 @@ func (u *upstreamResolverBase) checkUpstreamFails(err error) {
 	)
 }
 
-// probeAvailability tests all upstream servers simultaneously and
+// ProbeAvailability tests all upstream servers simultaneously and
 // disables the resolver if none work
-func (u *upstreamResolverBase) probeAvailability() {
+func (u *upstreamResolverBase) ProbeAvailability() {
 	u.mutex.Lock()
 	defer u.mutex.Unlock()
 
@@ -337,3 +337,51 @@ func (u *upstreamResolverBase) testNameserver(server string, timeout time.Durati
 	_, _, err := u.upstreamClient.exchange(ctx, server, r)
 	return err
 }
+
+// ExchangeWithFallback exchanges a DNS message with the upstream server.
+// It first tries to use UDP, and if it is truncated, it falls back to TCP.
+// If the passed context is nil, this will use Exchange instead of ExchangeContext.
+func ExchangeWithFallback(ctx context.Context, client *dns.Client, r *dns.Msg, upstream string) (*dns.Msg, time.Duration, error) {
+	// MTU - ip + udp headers
+	// Note: this could be sent out on an interface that is not ours, but our MTU should always be lower.
+	client.UDPSize = iface.DefaultMTU - (60 + 8)
+
+	var (
+		rm  *dns.Msg
+		t   time.Duration
+		err error
+	)
+
+	if ctx == nil {
+		rm, t, err = client.Exchange(r, upstream)
+	} else {
+		rm, t, err = client.ExchangeContext(ctx, r, upstream)
+	}
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, t, fmt.Errorf("with udp: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if rm == nil || !rm.MsgHdr.Truncated {
+		return rm, t, nil
+	}
+
+	log.Tracef("udp response for domain=%s type=%v class=%v is truncated, trying TCP.",
+		r.Question[0].Name, r.Question[0].Qtype, r.Question[0].Qclass)
+
+	client.Net = "tcp"
+
+	if ctx == nil {
+		rm, t, err = client.Exchange(r, upstream)
+	} else {
+		rm, t, err = client.ExchangeContext(ctx, r, upstream)
+	}
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, t, fmt.Errorf("with tcp: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// TODO: once TCP is implemented, rm.Truncate() if the request came in over UDP
+
+	return rm, t, nil
+}

client/internal/dns/upstream_general.go

@@ -34,6 +34,5 @@ func newUpstreamResolver(
 }
 
 func (u *upstreamResolver) exchange(ctx context.Context, upstream string, r *dns.Msg) (rm *dns.Msg, t time.Duration, err error) {
-	upstreamExchangeClient := &dns.Client{}
+	return ExchangeWithFallback(ctx, &dns.Client{}, r, upstream)
-	return upstreamExchangeClient.ExchangeContext(ctx, r, upstream)
 }

client/internal/dns/upstream_ios.go

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ func (u *upstreamResolverIOS) exchange(ctx context.Context, upstream string, r *
 	}
 
 	// Cannot use client.ExchangeContext because it overwrites our Dialer
-	return client.Exchange(r, upstream)
+	return ExchangeWithFallback(nil, client, r, upstream)
 }
 
 // GetClientPrivate returns a new DNS client bound to the local IP address of the Netbird interface

client/internal/dns/upstream_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/test"
 )
 
 func TestUpstreamResolver_ServeDNS(t *testing.T) {
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ func TestUpstreamResolver_ServeDNS(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			var responseMSG *dns.Msg
-			responseWriter := &mockResponseWriter{
+			responseWriter := &test.MockResponseWriter{
 				WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error {
 					responseMSG = m
 					return nil
@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@ func TestUpstreamResolver_DeactivationReactivation(t *testing.T) {
 	resolver.failsTillDeact = 0
 	resolver.reactivatePeriod = time.Microsecond * 100
 
-	responseWriter := &mockResponseWriter{
+	responseWriter := &test.MockResponseWriter{
 		WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error { return nil },
 	}
 

client/internal/dnsfwd/forwarder.go

@@ -3,17 +3,24 @@ package dnsfwd
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 )
 
 const errResolveFailed = "failed to resolve query for domain=%s: %v"
@@ -22,80 +29,116 @@ const upstreamTimeout = 15 * time.Second
 type DNSForwarder struct {
 	listenAddress  string
 	ttl            uint32
-	domains        []string
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status
 
 	dnsServer *dns.Server
 	mux       *dns.ServeMux
+	tcpServer *dns.Server
+	tcpMux    *dns.ServeMux
 
-	resId sync.Map
+	mutex      sync.RWMutex
+	fwdEntries []*ForwarderEntry
+	firewall   firewall.Manager
 }
 
-func NewDNSForwarder(listenAddress string, ttl uint32, statusRecorder *peer.Status) *DNSForwarder {
+func NewDNSForwarder(listenAddress string, ttl uint32, firewall firewall.Manager, statusRecorder *peer.Status) *DNSForwarder {
 	log.Debugf("creating DNS forwarder with listen_address=%s ttl=%d", listenAddress, ttl)
 	return &DNSForwarder{
 		listenAddress:  listenAddress,
 		ttl:            ttl,
+		firewall:       firewall,
 		statusRecorder: statusRecorder,
 	}
 }
 
-func (f *DNSForwarder) Listen(domains []string, resIds map[string]string) error {
+func (f *DNSForwarder) Listen(entries []*ForwarderEntry) error {
-	log.Infof("listen DNS forwarder on address=%s", f.listenAddress)
+	log.Infof("starting DNS forwarder on address=%s", f.listenAddress)
-	mux := dns.NewServeMux()
 
-	dnsServer := &dns.Server{
+	// UDP server
+	mux := dns.NewServeMux()
+	f.mux = mux
+	f.dnsServer = &dns.Server{
 		Addr:    f.listenAddress,
 		Net:     "udp",
 		Handler: mux,
 	}
-	f.dnsServer = dnsServer
+	// TCP server
-	f.mux = mux
+	tcpMux := dns.NewServeMux()
+	f.tcpMux = tcpMux
+	f.tcpServer = &dns.Server{
+		Addr:    f.listenAddress,
+		Net:     "tcp",
+		Handler: tcpMux,
+	}
 
-	f.UpdateDomains(domains, resIds)
+	f.UpdateDomains(entries)
 
-	return dnsServer.ListenAndServe()
+	errCh := make(chan error, 2)
+
+	go func() {
+		log.Infof("DNS UDP listener running on %s", f.listenAddress)
+		errCh <- f.dnsServer.ListenAndServe()
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		log.Infof("DNS TCP listener running on %s", f.listenAddress)
+		errCh <- f.tcpServer.ListenAndServe()
+	}()
+
+	// return the first error we get (e.g. bind failure or shutdown)
+	return <-errCh
 }
+func (f *DNSForwarder) UpdateDomains(entries []*ForwarderEntry) {
+	f.mutex.Lock()
+	defer f.mutex.Unlock()
 
-func (f *DNSForwarder) UpdateDomains(domains []string, resIds map[string]string) {
+	if f.mux == nil {
-	log.Debugf("Updating domains from %v to %v", f.domains, domains)
+		log.Debug("DNS mux is nil, skipping domain update")
-
+		f.fwdEntries = entries
-	for _, d := range f.domains {
+		return
-		f.mux.HandleRemove(d)
-		f.statusRecorder.RemoveResolvedIPLookupEntry(d)
 	}
-	f.resId.Clear()
 
-	newDomains := filterDomains(domains)
+	oldDomains := filterDomains(f.fwdEntries)
+	for _, d := range oldDomains {
+		f.mux.HandleRemove(d.PunycodeString())
+		f.tcpMux.HandleRemove(d.PunycodeString())
+	}
+
+	newDomains := filterDomains(entries)
 	for _, d := range newDomains {
-		f.mux.HandleFunc(d, f.handleDNSQuery)
+		f.mux.HandleFunc(d.PunycodeString(), f.handleDNSQueryUDP)
+		f.tcpMux.HandleFunc(d.PunycodeString(), f.handleDNSQueryTCP)
 	}
 
-	for domain, resId := range resIds {
+	f.fwdEntries = entries
-		if domain != "" {
+	log.Debugf("Updated domains from %v to %v", oldDomains, newDomains)
-			f.resId.Store(domain, resId)
-		}
-	}
-
-	f.domains = newDomains
 }
 
 func (f *DNSForwarder) Close(ctx context.Context) error {
-	if f.dnsServer == nil {
+	var result *multierror.Error
-		return nil
+
+	if f.dnsServer != nil {
+		if err := f.dnsServer.ShutdownContext(ctx); err != nil {
+			result = multierror.Append(result, fmt.Errorf("UDP shutdown: %w", err))
 		}
-	return f.dnsServer.ShutdownContext(ctx)
+	}
+	if f.tcpServer != nil {
+		if err := f.tcpServer.ShutdownContext(ctx); err != nil {
+			result = multierror.Append(result, fmt.Errorf("TCP shutdown: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(result)
 }
 
-func (f *DNSForwarder) handleDNSQuery(w dns.ResponseWriter, query *dns.Msg) {
+func (f *DNSForwarder) handleDNSQuery(w dns.ResponseWriter, query *dns.Msg) *dns.Msg {
 	if len(query.Question) == 0 {
-		return
+		return nil
 	}
-	log.Tracef("received DNS request for DNS forwarder: domain=%v type=%v class=%v",
-		query.Question[0].Name, query.Question[0].Qtype, query.Question[0].Qclass)
-
 	question := query.Question[0]
-	domain := question.Name
+	log.Tracef("received DNS request for DNS forwarder: domain=%v type=%v class=%v",
+		question.Name, question.Qtype, question.Qclass)
+
+	domain := strings.ToLower(question.Name)
 
 	resp := query.SetReply(query)
 	var network string
@@ -111,41 +154,96 @@ func (f *DNSForwarder) handleDNSQuery(w dns.ResponseWriter, query *dns.Msg) {
 		if err := w.WriteMsg(resp); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("failed to write DNS response: %v", err)
 		}
-		return
+		return nil
 	}
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), upstreamTimeout)
 	defer cancel()
 	ips, err := net.DefaultResolver.LookupNetIP(ctx, network, domain)
 	if err != nil {
-		f.handleDNSError(w, resp, domain, err)
+		f.handleDNSError(w, query, resp, domain, err)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	f.updateInternalState(domain, ips)
+	f.addIPsToResponse(resp, domain, ips)
+
+	return resp
+}
+
+func (f *DNSForwarder) handleDNSQueryUDP(w dns.ResponseWriter, query *dns.Msg) {
+
+	resp := f.handleDNSQuery(w, query)
+	if resp == nil {
 		return
 	}
 
-	resId, ok := f.resId.Load(strings.TrimSuffix(domain, "."))
+	opt := query.IsEdns0()
-	if ok {
+	maxSize := dns.MinMsgSize
-		for _, ip := range ips {
+	if opt != nil {
-			var ipWithSuffix string
+		// client advertised a larger EDNS0 buffer
-			if ip.Is4() {
+		maxSize = int(opt.UDPSize())
-				ipWithSuffix = ip.String() + "/32"
-				log.Tracef("resolved domain=%s to IPv4=%s", domain, ipWithSuffix)
-			} else {
-				ipWithSuffix = ip.String() + "/128"
-				log.Tracef("resolved domain=%s to IPv6=%s", domain, ipWithSuffix)
-			}
-			f.statusRecorder.AddResolvedIPLookupEntry(ipWithSuffix, resId.(string))
-		}
 	}
 
-	f.addIPsToResponse(resp, domain, ips)
+	// if our response is too big, truncate and set the TC bit
+	if resp.Len() > maxSize {
+		resp.Truncate(maxSize)
+	}
 
 	if err := w.WriteMsg(resp); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to write DNS response: %v", err)
 	}
 }
 
+func (f *DNSForwarder) handleDNSQueryTCP(w dns.ResponseWriter, query *dns.Msg) {
+	resp := f.handleDNSQuery(w, query)
+	if resp == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := w.WriteMsg(resp); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to write DNS response: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (f *DNSForwarder) updateInternalState(domain string, ips []netip.Addr) {
+	var prefixes []netip.Prefix
+	mostSpecificResId, matchingEntries := f.getMatchingEntries(strings.TrimSuffix(domain, "."))
+	if mostSpecificResId != "" {
+		for _, ip := range ips {
+			var prefix netip.Prefix
+			if ip.Is4() {
+				prefix = netip.PrefixFrom(ip, 32)
+			} else {
+				prefix = netip.PrefixFrom(ip, 128)
+			}
+			prefixes = append(prefixes, prefix)
+			f.statusRecorder.AddResolvedIPLookupEntry(prefix, mostSpecificResId)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if f.firewall != nil {
+		f.updateFirewall(matchingEntries, prefixes)
+	}
+}
+
+func (f *DNSForwarder) updateFirewall(matchingEntries []*ForwarderEntry, prefixes []netip.Prefix) {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, entry := range matchingEntries {
+		if err := f.firewall.UpdateSet(entry.Set, prefixes); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("update set for domain=%s: %w", entry.Domain, err))
+		}
+	}
+	if merr != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to update firewall sets (%d/%d): %v",
+			len(merr.Errors),
+			len(matchingEntries),
+			nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr))
+	}
+}
+
 // handleDNSError processes DNS lookup errors and sends an appropriate error response
-func (f *DNSForwarder) handleDNSError(w dns.ResponseWriter, resp *dns.Msg, domain string, err error) {
+func (f *DNSForwarder) handleDNSError(w dns.ResponseWriter, query, resp *dns.Msg, domain string, err error) {
 	var dnsErr *net.DNSError
 
 	switch {
@@ -157,7 +255,7 @@ func (f *DNSForwarder) handleDNSError(w dns.ResponseWriter, resp *dns.Msg, domai
 		}
 
 		if dnsErr.Server != "" {
-			log.Warnf("failed to resolve query for domain=%s server=%s: %v", domain, dnsErr.Server, err)
+			log.Warnf("failed to resolve query for type=%s domain=%s server=%s: %v", dns.TypeToString[query.Question[0].Qtype], domain, dnsErr.Server, err)
 		} else {
 			log.Warnf(errResolveFailed, domain, err)
 		}
@@ -204,15 +302,53 @@ func (f *DNSForwarder) addIPsToResponse(resp *dns.Msg, domain string, ips []neti
 	}
 }
 
+// getMatchingEntries retrieves the resource IDs for a given domain.
+// It returns the most specific match and all matching resource IDs.
+func (f *DNSForwarder) getMatchingEntries(domain string) (route.ResID, []*ForwarderEntry) {
+	var selectedResId route.ResID
+	var bestScore int
+	var matches []*ForwarderEntry
+
+	f.mutex.RLock()
+	defer f.mutex.RUnlock()
+
+	for _, entry := range f.fwdEntries {
+		var score int
+		pattern := entry.Domain.PunycodeString()
+
+		switch {
+		case strings.HasPrefix(pattern, "*."):
+			baseDomain := strings.TrimPrefix(pattern, "*.")
+
+			if strings.EqualFold(domain, baseDomain) || strings.HasSuffix(domain, "."+baseDomain) {
+				score = len(baseDomain)
+				matches = append(matches, entry)
+			}
+		case domain == pattern:
+			score = math.MaxInt
+			matches = append(matches, entry)
+		default:
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if score > bestScore {
+			bestScore = score
+			selectedResId = entry.ResID
+		}
+	}
+
+	return selectedResId, matches
+}
+
 // filterDomains returns a list of normalized domains
-func filterDomains(domains []string) []string {
+func filterDomains(entries []*ForwarderEntry) domain.List {
-	newDomains := make([]string, 0, len(domains))
+	newDomains := make(domain.List, 0, len(entries))
-	for _, d := range domains {
+	for _, d := range entries {
-		if d == "" {
+		if d.Domain == "" {
 			log.Warn("empty domain in DNS forwarder")
 			continue
 		}
-		newDomains = append(newDomains, nbdns.NormalizeZone(d))
+		newDomains = append(newDomains, domain.Domain(nbdns.NormalizeZone(d.Domain.PunycodeString())))
 	}
 	return newDomains
 }

client/internal/dnsfwd/forwarder_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+package dnsfwd
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+func Test_getMatchingEntries(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name           string
+		storedMappings map[string]route.ResID // key: domain pattern, value: resId
+		queryDomain    string
+		expectedResId  route.ResID
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "Empty map returns empty string",
+			storedMappings: map[string]route.ResID{},
+			queryDomain:    "example.com",
+			expectedResId:  "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Exact match returns stored resId",
+			storedMappings: map[string]route.ResID{"example.com": "res1"},
+			queryDomain:    "example.com",
+			expectedResId:  "res1",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Wildcard pattern matches base domain",
+			storedMappings: map[string]route.ResID{"*.example.com": "res2"},
+			queryDomain:    "example.com",
+			expectedResId:  "res2",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Wildcard pattern matches subdomain",
+			storedMappings: map[string]route.ResID{"*.example.com": "res3"},
+			queryDomain:    "foo.example.com",
+			expectedResId:  "res3",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Wildcard pattern does not match different domain",
+			storedMappings: map[string]route.ResID{"*.example.com": "res4"},
+			queryDomain:    "foo.notexample.com",
+			expectedResId:  "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Non-wildcard pattern does not match subdomain",
+			storedMappings: map[string]route.ResID{"example.com": "res5"},
+			queryDomain:    "foo.example.com",
+			expectedResId:  "",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Exact match over overlapping wildcard",
+			storedMappings: map[string]route.ResID{
+				"*.example.com":   "resWildcard",
+				"foo.example.com": "resExact",
+			},
+			queryDomain:   "foo.example.com",
+			expectedResId: "resExact",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Overlapping wildcards: Select more specific wildcard",
+			storedMappings: map[string]route.ResID{
+				"*.example.com":     "resA",
+				"*.sub.example.com": "resB",
+			},
+			queryDomain:   "bar.sub.example.com",
+			expectedResId: "resB",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Wildcard multi-level subdomain match",
+			storedMappings: map[string]route.ResID{
+				"*.example.com": "resMulti",
+			},
+			queryDomain:   "a.b.example.com",
+			expectedResId: "resMulti",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			fwd := &DNSForwarder{}
+
+			var entries []*ForwarderEntry
+			for domainPattern, resId := range tc.storedMappings {
+				d, err := domain.FromString(domainPattern)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				entries = append(entries, &ForwarderEntry{
+					Domain: d,
+					ResID:  resId,
+				})
+			}
+			fwd.UpdateDomains(entries)
+
+			got, _ := fwd.getMatchingEntries(tc.queryDomain)
+			assert.Equal(t, got, tc.expectedResId)
+		})
+	}
+}

client/internal/dnsfwd/manager.go

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ import (
 	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -19,11 +21,19 @@ const (
 	dnsTTL     = 60 //seconds
 )
 
+// ForwarderEntry is a mapping from a domain to a resource ID and a hash of the parent domain list.
+type ForwarderEntry struct {
+	Domain domain.Domain
+	ResID  route.ResID
+	Set    firewall.Set
+}
+
 type Manager struct {
 	firewall       firewall.Manager
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status
 
 	fwRules      []firewall.Rule
+	tcpRules     []firewall.Rule
 	dnsForwarder *DNSForwarder
 }
 
@@ -34,7 +44,7 @@ func NewManager(fw firewall.Manager, statusRecorder *peer.Status) *Manager {
 	}
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) Start(domains []string, resIds map[string]string) error {
+func (m *Manager) Start(fwdEntries []*ForwarderEntry) error {
 	log.Infof("starting DNS forwarder")
 	if m.dnsForwarder != nil {
 		return nil
@@ -44,9 +54,9 @@ func (m *Manager) Start(domains []string, resIds map[string]string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	m.dnsForwarder = NewDNSForwarder(fmt.Sprintf(":%d", ListenPort), dnsTTL, m.statusRecorder)
+	m.dnsForwarder = NewDNSForwarder(fmt.Sprintf(":%d", ListenPort), dnsTTL, m.firewall, m.statusRecorder)
 	go func() {
-		if err := m.dnsForwarder.Listen(domains, resIds); err != nil {
+		if err := m.dnsForwarder.Listen(fwdEntries); err != nil {
 			// todo handle close error if it is exists
 			log.Errorf("failed to start DNS forwarder, err: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -55,12 +65,12 @@ func (m *Manager) Start(domains []string, resIds map[string]string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) UpdateDomains(domains []string, resIds map[string]string) {
+func (m *Manager) UpdateDomains(entries []*ForwarderEntry) {
 	if m.dnsForwarder == nil {
 		return
 	}
 
-	m.dnsForwarder.UpdateDomains(domains, resIds)
+	m.dnsForwarder.UpdateDomains(entries)
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
@@ -81,34 +91,47 @@ func (m *Manager) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(mErr)
 }
 
-func (h *Manager) allowDNSFirewall() error {
+func (m *Manager) allowDNSFirewall() error {
 	dport := &firewall.Port{
 		IsRange: false,
 		Values:  []uint16{ListenPort},
 	}
 
-	if h.firewall == nil {
+	if m.firewall == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	dnsRules, err := h.firewall.AddPeerFiltering(nil, net.IP{0, 0, 0, 0}, firewall.ProtocolUDP, nil, dport, firewall.ActionAccept, "")
+	dnsRules, err := m.firewall.AddPeerFiltering(nil, net.IP{0, 0, 0, 0}, firewall.ProtocolUDP, nil, dport, firewall.ActionAccept, "")
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to add allow DNS router rules, err: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-	h.fwRules = dnsRules
+	m.fwRules = dnsRules
+
+	tcpRules, err := m.firewall.AddPeerFiltering(nil, net.IP{0, 0, 0, 0}, firewall.ProtocolTCP, nil, dport, firewall.ActionAccept, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to add allow DNS router rules, err: %v", err)
+		return err
+	}
+	m.tcpRules = tcpRules
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (h *Manager) dropDNSFirewall() error {
+func (m *Manager) dropDNSFirewall() error {
 	var mErr *multierror.Error
-	for _, rule := range h.fwRules {
+	for _, rule := range m.fwRules {
-		if err := h.firewall.DeletePeerRule(rule); err != nil {
+		if err := m.firewall.DeletePeerRule(rule); err != nil {
+			mErr = multierror.Append(mErr, fmt.Errorf("failed to delete DNS router rules, err: %v", err))
+		}
+	}
+	for _, rule := range m.tcpRules {
+		if err := m.firewall.DeletePeerRule(rule); err != nil {
 			mErr = multierror.Append(mErr, fmt.Errorf("failed to delete DNS router rules, err: %v", err))
 		}
 	}
 
-	h.fwRules = nil
+	m.fwRules = nil
+	m.tcpRules = nil
 	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(mErr)
 }

client/internal/engine.go

@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ func (e *Engine) blockLanAccess() {
 		if _, err := e.firewall.AddRouteFiltering(
 			nil,
 			[]netip.Prefix{v4},
-			network,
+			firewallManager.Network{Prefix: network},
 			firewallManager.ProtocolALL,
 			nil,
 			nil,
@@ -960,21 +960,21 @@ func (e *Engine) updateNetworkMap(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	// DNS forwarder
 	dnsRouteFeatureFlag := toDNSFeatureFlag(networkMap)
-	dnsRouteDomains, resourceIds := toRouteDomains(e.config.WgPrivateKey.PublicKey().String(), networkMap.GetRoutes())
-	e.updateDNSForwarder(dnsRouteFeatureFlag, dnsRouteDomains, resourceIds)
 
+	// apply routes first, route related actions might depend on routing being enabled
 	routes := toRoutes(networkMap.GetRoutes())
 	if err := e.routeManager.UpdateRoutes(serial, routes, dnsRouteFeatureFlag); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to update clientRoutes, err: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	// acls might need routing to be enabled, so we apply after routes
 	if e.acl != nil {
-		e.acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap)
+		e.acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap, dnsRouteFeatureFlag)
 	}
 
+	fwdEntries := toRouteDomains(e.config.WgPrivateKey.PublicKey().String(), routes)
+	e.updateDNSForwarder(dnsRouteFeatureFlag, fwdEntries)
+
 	// Ingress forward rules
 	if err := e.updateForwardRules(networkMap.GetForwardingRules()); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to update forward rules, err: %v", err)
@@ -1079,29 +1079,24 @@ func toRoutes(protoRoutes []*mgmProto.Route) []*route.Route {
 	return routes
 }
 
-func toRouteDomains(myPubKey string, protoRoutes []*mgmProto.Route) ([]string, map[string]string) {
+func toRouteDomains(myPubKey string, routes []*route.Route) []*dnsfwd.ForwarderEntry {
-	if protoRoutes == nil {
+	var entries []*dnsfwd.ForwarderEntry
-		protoRoutes = []*mgmProto.Route{}
+	for _, route := range routes {
-	}
+		if len(route.Domains) == 0 {
-
-	var dnsRoutes []string
-	resIds := make(map[string]string)
-	for _, protoRoute := range protoRoutes {
-		if len(protoRoute.Domains) == 0 {
 			continue
 		}
-		if protoRoute.Peer == myPubKey {
+		if route.Peer == myPubKey {
-			dnsRoutes = append(dnsRoutes, protoRoute.Domains...)
+			domainSet := firewallManager.NewDomainSet(route.Domains)
-			// resource ID is the first part of the ID
+			for _, d := range route.Domains {
-			resId := strings.Split(protoRoute.ID, ":")
+				entries = append(entries, &dnsfwd.ForwarderEntry{
-			for _, domain := range protoRoute.Domains {
+					Domain: d,
-				if len(resId) > 0 {
+					Set:    domainSet,
-					resIds[domain] = resId[0]
+					ResID:  route.GetResourceID(),
+				})
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	}
+	return entries
-	return dnsRoutes, resIds
 }
 
 func toDNSConfig(protoDNSConfig *mgmProto.DNSConfig, network *net.IPNet) nbdns.Config {
@@ -1231,26 +1226,6 @@ func (e *Engine) createPeerConn(pubKey string, allowedIPs []netip.Prefix) (*peer
 		PreSharedKey: e.config.PreSharedKey,
 	}
 
-	if e.config.RosenpassEnabled && !e.config.RosenpassPermissive {
-		lk := []byte(e.config.WgPrivateKey.PublicKey().String())
-		rk := []byte(wgConfig.RemoteKey)
-		var keyInput []byte
-		if string(lk) > string(rk) {
-			//nolint:gocritic
-			keyInput = append(lk[:16], rk[:16]...)
-		} else {
-			//nolint:gocritic
-			keyInput = append(rk[:16], lk[:16]...)
-		}
-
-		key, err := wgtypes.NewKey(keyInput)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		wgConfig.PreSharedKey = &key
-	}
-
 	// randomize connection timeout
 	timeout := time.Duration(rand.Intn(PeerConnectionTimeoutMax-PeerConnectionTimeoutMin)+PeerConnectionTimeoutMin) * time.Millisecond
 	config := peer.ConnConfig{
@@ -1259,8 +1234,11 @@ func (e *Engine) createPeerConn(pubKey string, allowedIPs []netip.Prefix) (*peer
 		Timeout:     timeout,
 		WgConfig:    wgConfig,
 		LocalWgPort: e.config.WgPort,
-		RosenpassPubKey: e.getRosenpassPubKey(),
+		RosenpassConfig: peer.RosenpassConfig{
-		RosenpassAddr:   e.getRosenpassAddr(),
+			PubKey:         e.getRosenpassPubKey(),
+			Addr:           e.getRosenpassAddr(),
+			PermissiveMode: e.config.RosenpassPermissive,
+		},
 		ICEConfig: icemaker.Config{
 			StunTurn:             &e.stunTurn,
 			InterfaceBlackList:   e.config.IFaceBlackList,
@@ -1768,7 +1746,10 @@ func (e *Engine) GetWgAddr() net.IP {
 }
 
 // updateDNSForwarder start or stop the DNS forwarder based on the domains and the feature flag
-func (e *Engine) updateDNSForwarder(enabled bool, domains []string, resIds map[string]string) {
+func (e *Engine) updateDNSForwarder(
+	enabled bool,
+	fwdEntries []*dnsfwd.ForwarderEntry,
+) {
 	if !enabled {
 		if e.dnsForwardMgr == nil {
 			return
@@ -1779,18 +1760,18 @@ func (e *Engine) updateDNSForwarder(enabled bool, domains []string, resIds map[s
 		return
 	}
 
-	if len(domains) > 0 {
+	if len(fwdEntries) > 0 {
-		log.Infof("enable domain router service for domains: %v", domains)
 		if e.dnsForwardMgr == nil {
 			e.dnsForwardMgr = dnsfwd.NewManager(e.firewall, e.statusRecorder)
 
-			if err := e.dnsForwardMgr.Start(domains, resIds); err != nil {
+			if err := e.dnsForwardMgr.Start(fwdEntries); err != nil {
 				log.Errorf("failed to start DNS forward: %v", err)
 				e.dnsForwardMgr = nil
 			}
+
+			log.Infof("started domain router service with %d entries", len(fwdEntries))
 		} else {
-			log.Infof("update domain router service for domains: %v", domains)
+			e.dnsForwardMgr.UpdateDomains(fwdEntries)
-			e.dnsForwardMgr.UpdateDomains(domains, resIds)
 		}
 	} else if e.dnsForwardMgr != nil {
 		log.Infof("disable domain router service")

client/internal/engine_test.go

@@ -1439,8 +1439,6 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T, dataDir, testFile string) (*grpc.Server, stri
 	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(context.Background())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	permissionsManagerMock := permissions.NewManagerMock()
-
 	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
 	t.Cleanup(ctrl.Finish)
 	settingsMockManager := settings.NewMockManager(ctrl)
@@ -1449,7 +1447,9 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T, dataDir, testFile string) (*grpc.Server, stri
 		Return(&types.Settings{}, nil).
 		AnyTimes()
 
-	accountManager, err := server.BuildManager(context.Background(), store, peersUpdateManager, nil, "", "netbird.selfhosted", eventStore, nil, false, ia, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManagerMock)
+	permissionsManager := permissions.NewManager(store)
+
+	accountManager, err := server.BuildManager(context.Background(), store, peersUpdateManager, nil, "", "netbird.selfhosted", eventStore, nil, false, ia, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManager)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", err
 	}

client/internal/networkmonitor/check_change_bsd.go

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import (
 func checkChange(ctx context.Context, nexthopv4, nexthopv6 systemops.Nexthop) error {
 	fd, err := unix.Socket(syscall.AF_ROUTE, syscall.SOCK_RAW, syscall.AF_UNSPEC)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open routing socket: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("open routing socket: %v", err)
 	}
 	defer func() {
 		err := unix.Close(fd)

client/internal/networkmonitor/check_change_windows.go

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 func checkChange(ctx context.Context, nexthopv4, nexthopv6 systemops.Nexthop) error {
 	routeMonitor, err := systemops.NewRouteMonitor(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create route monitor: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("create route monitor: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer func() {
 		if err := routeMonitor.Stop(); err != nil {
@@ -38,35 +38,49 @@ func checkChange(ctx context.Context, nexthopv4, nexthopv6 systemops.Nexthop) er
 }
 
 func routeChanged(route systemops.RouteUpdate, nexthopv4, nexthopv6 systemops.Nexthop) bool {
-	intf := "<nil>"
+	if intf := route.NextHop.Intf; intf != nil && isSoftInterface(intf.Name) {
-	if route.Interface != nil {
+		log.Debugf("Network monitor: ignoring default route change for next hop with soft interface %s", route.NextHop)
-		intf = route.Interface.Name
-		if isSoftInterface(intf) {
-			log.Debugf("Network monitor: ignoring default route change for soft interface %s", intf)
 		return false
 	}
+
+	// TODO: for the empty nexthop ip (on-link), determine the family differently
+	nexthop := nexthopv4
+	if route.NextHop.IP.Is6() {
+		nexthop = nexthopv6
 	}
 
 	switch route.Type {
-	case systemops.RouteModified:
+	case systemops.RouteModified, systemops.RouteAdded:
-		// TODO: get routing table to figure out if our route is affected for modified routes
+		return handleRouteAddedOrModified(route, nexthop)
-		log.Infof("Network monitor: default route changed: via %s, interface %s", route.NextHop, intf)
-		return true
-	case systemops.RouteAdded:
-		if route.NextHop.Is4() && route.NextHop != nexthopv4.IP || route.NextHop.Is6() && route.NextHop != nexthopv6.IP {
-			log.Infof("Network monitor: default route added: via %s, interface %s", route.NextHop, intf)
-			return true
-		}
 	case systemops.RouteDeleted:
-		if nexthopv4.Intf != nil && route.NextHop == nexthopv4.IP || nexthopv6.Intf != nil && route.NextHop == nexthopv6.IP {
+		return handleRouteDeleted(route, nexthop)
-			log.Infof("Network monitor: default route removed: via %s, interface %s", route.NextHop, intf)
-			return true
-		}
 	}
 
 	return false
 }
 
+func handleRouteAddedOrModified(route systemops.RouteUpdate, nexthop systemops.Nexthop) bool {
+	// For added/modified routes, we care about different next hops
+	if !nexthop.Equal(route.NextHop) {
+		action := "changed"
+		if route.Type == systemops.RouteAdded {
+			action = "added"
+		}
+		log.Infof("Network monitor: default route %s: via %s", action, route.NextHop)
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func handleRouteDeleted(route systemops.RouteUpdate, nexthop systemops.Nexthop) bool {
+	// For deleted routes, we care about our tracked next hop being deleted
+	if nexthop.Equal(route.NextHop) {
+		log.Infof("Network monitor: default route removed: via %s", route.NextHop)
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func isSoftInterface(name string) bool {
 	return strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(name), "isatap") || strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(name), "teredo")
 }

client/internal/networkmonitor/check_change_windows_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,404 @@
+package networkmonitor
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/systemops"
+)
+
+func TestRouteChanged(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		route     systemops.RouteUpdate
+		nexthopv4 systemops.Nexthop
+		nexthopv6 systemops.Nexthop
+		expected  bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "soft interface should be ignored",
+			route: systemops.RouteUpdate{
+				Type:        systemops.RouteModified,
+				Destination: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0),
+				NextHop: systemops.Nexthop{
+					IP: netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+					Intf: &net.Interface{
+						Name: "ISATAP-Interface", // isSoftInterface checks name
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv4: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP: netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.2"),
+			},
+			nexthopv6: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP: netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"),
+			},
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "modified route with different v4 nexthop IP should return true",
+			route: systemops.RouteUpdate{
+				Type:        systemops.RouteModified,
+				Destination: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0),
+				NextHop: systemops.Nexthop{
+					IP: netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+					Intf: &net.Interface{
+						Index: 1, Name: "eth0",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv4: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP: netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.2"),
+				Intf: &net.Interface{
+					Index: 1, Name: "eth0",
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv6: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP: netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"),
+			},
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "modified route with same v4 nexthop (IP and Intf Index) should return false",
+			route: systemops.RouteUpdate{
+				Type:        systemops.RouteModified,
+				Destination: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0),
+				NextHop: systemops.Nexthop{
+					IP: netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+					Intf: &net.Interface{
+						Index: 1, Name: "eth0",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv4: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP: netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+				Intf: &net.Interface{
+					Index: 1, Name: "eth0",
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv6: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP: netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"),
+			},
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "added route with different v6 nexthop IP should return true",
+			route: systemops.RouteUpdate{
+				Type:        systemops.RouteAdded,
+				Destination: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0),
+				NextHop: systemops.Nexthop{
+					IP: netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::2"),
+					Intf: &net.Interface{
+						Index: 1, Name: "eth0",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv4: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP: netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+			},
+			nexthopv6: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP: netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"),
+				Intf: &net.Interface{
+					Index: 1, Name: "eth0",
+				},
+			},
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "added route with same v6 nexthop (IP and Intf Index) should return false",
+			route: systemops.RouteUpdate{
+				Type:        systemops.RouteAdded,
+				Destination: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0),
+				NextHop: systemops.Nexthop{
+					IP: netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"),
+					Intf: &net.Interface{
+						Index: 1, Name: "eth0",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv4: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP: netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+			},
+			nexthopv6: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP: netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"),
+				Intf: &net.Interface{
+					Index: 1, Name: "eth0",
+				},
+			},
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "deleted route matching tracked v4 nexthop (IP and Intf Index) should return true",
+			route: systemops.RouteUpdate{
+				Type:        systemops.RouteDeleted,
+				Destination: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0),
+				NextHop: systemops.Nexthop{
+					IP: netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+					Intf: &net.Interface{
+						Index: 1, Name: "eth0",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv4: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP: netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+				Intf: &net.Interface{
+					Index: 1, Name: "eth0",
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv6: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP: netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"),
+			},
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "deleted route not matching tracked v4 nexthop (different IP) should return false",
+			route: systemops.RouteUpdate{
+				Type:        systemops.RouteDeleted,
+				Destination: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0),
+				NextHop: systemops.Nexthop{
+					IP: netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.3"), // Different IP
+					Intf: &net.Interface{
+						Index: 1, Name: "eth0",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv4: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP: netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+				Intf: &net.Interface{
+					Index: 1, Name: "eth0",
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv6: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP: netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"),
+			},
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "modified v4 route with same IP, different Intf Index should return true",
+			route: systemops.RouteUpdate{
+				Type:        systemops.RouteModified,
+				Destination: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0),
+				NextHop: systemops.Nexthop{
+					IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+					Intf: &net.Interface{Index: 2, Name: "eth1"}, // Different Intf Index
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv4: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+				Intf: &net.Interface{Index: 1, Name: "eth0"},
+			},
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "modified v4 route with same IP, one Intf nil, other non-nil should return true",
+			route: systemops.RouteUpdate{
+				Type:        systemops.RouteModified,
+				Destination: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0),
+				NextHop: systemops.Nexthop{
+					IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+					Intf: nil, // Intf is nil
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv4: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+				Intf: &net.Interface{Index: 1, Name: "eth0"}, // Tracked Intf is not nil
+			},
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "added v4 route with same IP, different Intf Index should return true",
+			route: systemops.RouteUpdate{
+				Type:        systemops.RouteAdded,
+				Destination: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0),
+				NextHop: systemops.Nexthop{
+					IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+					Intf: &net.Interface{Index: 2, Name: "eth1"}, // Different Intf Index
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv4: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+				Intf: &net.Interface{Index: 1, Name: "eth0"},
+			},
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "deleted v4 route with same IP, different Intf Index should return false",
+			route: systemops.RouteUpdate{
+				Type:        systemops.RouteDeleted,
+				Destination: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0),
+				NextHop: systemops.Nexthop{ // This is the route being deleted
+					IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+					Intf: &net.Interface{Index: 1, Name: "eth0"},
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv4: systemops.Nexthop{ // This is our tracked nexthop
+				IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+				Intf: &net.Interface{Index: 2, Name: "eth1"}, // Different Intf Index
+			},
+			expected: false, // Because nexthopv4.Equal(route.NextHop) will be false
+		},
+		{
+			name: "modified v6 route with different IP, same Intf Index should return true",
+			route: systemops.RouteUpdate{
+				Type:        systemops.RouteModified,
+				Destination: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0),
+				NextHop: systemops.Nexthop{
+					IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::3"), // Different IP
+					Intf: &net.Interface{Index: 1, Name: "eth0"},
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv6: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"),
+				Intf: &net.Interface{Index: 1, Name: "eth0"},
+			},
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "modified v6 route with same IP, different Intf Index should return true",
+			route: systemops.RouteUpdate{
+				Type:        systemops.RouteModified,
+				Destination: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0),
+				NextHop: systemops.Nexthop{
+					IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"),
+					Intf: &net.Interface{Index: 2, Name: "eth1"}, // Different Intf Index
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv6: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"),
+				Intf: &net.Interface{Index: 1, Name: "eth0"},
+			},
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "modified v6 route with same IP, same Intf Index should return false",
+			route: systemops.RouteUpdate{
+				Type:        systemops.RouteModified,
+				Destination: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0),
+				NextHop: systemops.Nexthop{
+					IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"),
+					Intf: &net.Interface{Index: 1, Name: "eth0"},
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv6: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"),
+				Intf: &net.Interface{Index: 1, Name: "eth0"},
+			},
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "deleted v6 route matching tracked nexthop (IP and Intf Index) should return true",
+			route: systemops.RouteUpdate{
+				Type:        systemops.RouteDeleted,
+				Destination: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0),
+				NextHop: systemops.Nexthop{
+					IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"),
+					Intf: &net.Interface{Index: 1, Name: "eth0"},
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv6: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"),
+				Intf: &net.Interface{Index: 1, Name: "eth0"},
+			},
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "deleted v6 route not matching tracked nexthop (different IP) should return false",
+			route: systemops.RouteUpdate{
+				Type:        systemops.RouteDeleted,
+				Destination: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0),
+				NextHop: systemops.Nexthop{
+					IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::3"), // Different IP
+					Intf: &net.Interface{Index: 1, Name: "eth0"},
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv6: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"),
+				Intf: &net.Interface{Index: 1, Name: "eth0"},
+			},
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "deleted v6 route not matching tracked nexthop (same IP, different Intf Index) should return false",
+			route: systemops.RouteUpdate{
+				Type:        systemops.RouteDeleted,
+				Destination: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0),
+				NextHop: systemops.Nexthop{ // This is the route being deleted
+					IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"),
+					Intf: &net.Interface{Index: 1, Name: "eth0"},
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv6: systemops.Nexthop{ // This is our tracked nexthop
+				IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"),
+				Intf: &net.Interface{Index: 2, Name: "eth1"}, // Different Intf Index
+			},
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "unknown route type should return false",
+			route: systemops.RouteUpdate{
+				Type:        systemops.RouteUpdateType(99), // Unknown type
+				Destination: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0),
+				NextHop: systemops.Nexthop{
+					IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+					Intf: &net.Interface{Index: 1, Name: "eth0"},
+				},
+			},
+			nexthopv4: systemops.Nexthop{
+				IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.2"), // Different from route.NextHop
+				Intf: &net.Interface{Index: 1, Name: "eth0"},
+			},
+			expected: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := routeChanged(tt.route, tt.nexthopv4, tt.nexthopv6)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, result)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsSoftInterface(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		ifname   string
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "ISATAP interface should be detected",
+			ifname:   "ISATAP tunnel adapter",
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "lowercase soft interface should be detected",
+			ifname:   "isatap.{14A5CF17-CA72-43EC-B4EA-B4B093641B7D}",
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Teredo interface should be detected",
+			ifname:   "Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface",
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "regular interface should not be detected as soft",
+			ifname:   "eth0",
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "another regular interface should not be detected as soft",
+			ifname:   "wlan0",
+			expected: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := isSoftInterface(tt.ifname)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, result)
+		})
+	}
+}

client/internal/networkmonitor/monitor.go

@@ -118,9 +118,12 @@ func (nw *NetworkMonitor) Stop() {
 }
 
 func (nw *NetworkMonitor) checkChanges(ctx context.Context, event chan struct{}, nexthop4 systemops.Nexthop, nexthop6 systemops.Nexthop) {
+	defer close(event)
 	for {
 		if err := checkChangeFn(ctx, nexthop4, nexthop6); err != nil {
-			close(event)
+			if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+				log.Errorf("Network monitor: failed to check for changes: %v", err)
+			}
 			return
 		}
 		// prevent blocking

client/internal/peer/conn.go

@@ -60,6 +60,15 @@ type WgConfig struct {
 	PreSharedKey *wgtypes.Key
 }
 
+type RosenpassConfig struct {
+	// RosenpassPubKey is this peer's Rosenpass public key
+	PubKey []byte
+	// RosenpassPubKey is this peer's RosenpassAddr server address (IP:port)
+	Addr string
+
+	PermissiveMode bool
+}
+
 // ConnConfig is a peer Connection configuration
 type ConnConfig struct {
 	// Key is a public key of a remote peer
@@ -73,10 +82,7 @@ type ConnConfig struct {
 
 	LocalWgPort int
 
-	// RosenpassPubKey is this peer's Rosenpass public key
+	RosenpassConfig RosenpassConfig
-	RosenpassPubKey []byte
-	// RosenpassPubKey is this peer's RosenpassAddr server address (IP:port)
-	RosenpassAddr string
 
 	// ICEConfig ICE protocol configuration
 	ICEConfig icemaker.Config
@@ -109,6 +115,8 @@ type Conn struct {
 	connIDICE            nbnet.ConnectionID
 	beforeAddPeerHooks   []nbnet.AddHookFunc
 	afterRemovePeerHooks []nbnet.RemoveHookFunc
+	// used to store the remote Rosenpass key for Relayed connection in case of connection update from ice
+	rosenpassRemoteKey []byte
 
 	wgProxyICE   wgproxy.Proxy
 	wgProxyRelay wgproxy.Proxy
@@ -375,7 +383,7 @@ func (conn *Conn) onICEConnectionIsReady(priority ConnPriority, iceConnInfo ICEC
 		wgProxy.Work()
 	}
 
-	if err = conn.configureWGEndpoint(ep); err != nil {
+	if err = conn.configureWGEndpoint(ep, iceConnInfo.RosenpassPubKey); err != nil {
 		conn.handleConfigurationFailure(err, wgProxy)
 		return
 	}
@@ -408,7 +416,7 @@ func (conn *Conn) onICEStateDisconnected() {
 		conn.dumpState.SwitchToRelay()
 		conn.wgProxyRelay.Work()
 
-		if err := conn.configureWGEndpoint(conn.wgProxyRelay.EndpointAddr()); err != nil {
+		if err := conn.configureWGEndpoint(conn.wgProxyRelay.EndpointAddr(), conn.rosenpassRemoteKey); err != nil {
 			conn.log.Errorf("failed to switch to relay conn: %v", err)
 		}
 
@@ -478,7 +486,7 @@ func (conn *Conn) onRelayConnectionIsReady(rci RelayConnInfo) {
 	}
 
 	wgProxy.Work()
-	if err := conn.configureWGEndpoint(wgProxy.EndpointAddr()); err != nil {
+	if err := conn.configureWGEndpoint(wgProxy.EndpointAddr(), rci.rosenpassPubKey); err != nil {
 		if err := wgProxy.CloseConn(); err != nil {
 			conn.log.Warnf("Failed to close relay connection: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -493,6 +501,7 @@ func (conn *Conn) onRelayConnectionIsReady(rci RelayConnInfo) {
 	}()
 
 	wgConfigWorkaround()
+	conn.rosenpassRemoteKey = rci.rosenpassPubKey
 	conn.currentConnPriority = connPriorityRelay
 	conn.statusRelay.Set(StatusConnected)
 	conn.setRelayedProxy(wgProxy)
@@ -556,13 +565,14 @@ func (conn *Conn) listenGuardEvent(ctx context.Context) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (conn *Conn) configureWGEndpoint(addr *net.UDPAddr) error {
+func (conn *Conn) configureWGEndpoint(addr *net.UDPAddr, remoteRPKey []byte) error {
+	presharedKey := conn.presharedKey(remoteRPKey)
 	return conn.config.WgConfig.WgInterface.UpdatePeer(
 		conn.config.WgConfig.RemoteKey,
 		conn.config.WgConfig.AllowedIps,
 		defaultWgKeepAlive,
 		addr,
-		conn.config.WgConfig.PreSharedKey,
+		presharedKey,
 	)
 }
 
@@ -783,6 +793,44 @@ func (conn *Conn) AllowedIP() netip.Addr {
 	return conn.config.WgConfig.AllowedIps[0].Addr()
 }
 
+func (conn *Conn) presharedKey(remoteRosenpassKey []byte) *wgtypes.Key {
+	if conn.config.RosenpassConfig.PubKey == nil {
+		return conn.config.WgConfig.PreSharedKey
+	}
+
+	if remoteRosenpassKey == nil && conn.config.RosenpassConfig.PermissiveMode {
+		return conn.config.WgConfig.PreSharedKey
+	}
+
+	determKey, err := conn.rosenpassDetermKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		conn.log.Errorf("failed to generate Rosenpass initial key: %v", err)
+		return conn.config.WgConfig.PreSharedKey
+	}
+
+	return determKey
+}
+
+// todo: move this logic into Rosenpass package
+func (conn *Conn) rosenpassDetermKey() (*wgtypes.Key, error) {
+	lk := []byte(conn.config.LocalKey)
+	rk := []byte(conn.config.Key) // remote key
+	var keyInput []byte
+	if string(lk) > string(rk) {
+		//nolint:gocritic
+		keyInput = append(lk[:16], rk[:16]...)
+	} else {
+		//nolint:gocritic
+		keyInput = append(rk[:16], lk[:16]...)
+	}
+
+	key, err := wgtypes.NewKey(keyInput)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &key, nil
+}
+
 func isController(config ConnConfig) bool {
 	return config.LocalKey > config.Key
 }

client/internal/peer/conn_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package peer
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
@@ -161,3 +162,145 @@ func TestConn_Status(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestConn_presharedKey(t *testing.T) {
+	conn1 := Conn{
+		config: ConnConfig{
+			Key:             "LLHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX7+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LfhU=",
+			LocalKey:        "RRHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX7+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LfhU=",
+			RosenpassConfig: RosenpassConfig{},
+		},
+	}
+	conn2 := Conn{
+		config: ConnConfig{
+			Key:             "RRHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX7+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LfhU=",
+			LocalKey:        "LLHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX7+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LfhU=",
+			RosenpassConfig: RosenpassConfig{},
+		},
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		conn1Permissive         bool
+		conn1RosenpassEnabled   bool
+		conn2Permissive         bool
+		conn2RosenpassEnabled   bool
+		conn1ExpectedInitialKey bool
+		conn2ExpectedInitialKey bool
+	}{
+		{
+			conn1Permissive:         false,
+			conn1RosenpassEnabled:   false,
+			conn2Permissive:         false,
+			conn2RosenpassEnabled:   false,
+			conn1ExpectedInitialKey: false,
+			conn2ExpectedInitialKey: false,
+		},
+		{
+			conn1Permissive:         false,
+			conn1RosenpassEnabled:   true,
+			conn2Permissive:         false,
+			conn2RosenpassEnabled:   true,
+			conn1ExpectedInitialKey: true,
+			conn2ExpectedInitialKey: true,
+		},
+		{
+			conn1Permissive:         false,
+			conn1RosenpassEnabled:   true,
+			conn2Permissive:         false,
+			conn2RosenpassEnabled:   false,
+			conn1ExpectedInitialKey: true,
+			conn2ExpectedInitialKey: false,
+		},
+		{
+			conn1Permissive:         false,
+			conn1RosenpassEnabled:   false,
+			conn2Permissive:         false,
+			conn2RosenpassEnabled:   true,
+			conn1ExpectedInitialKey: false,
+			conn2ExpectedInitialKey: true,
+		},
+		{
+			conn1Permissive:         true,
+			conn1RosenpassEnabled:   true,
+			conn2Permissive:         false,
+			conn2RosenpassEnabled:   false,
+			conn1ExpectedInitialKey: false,
+			conn2ExpectedInitialKey: false,
+		},
+		{
+			conn1Permissive:         false,
+			conn1RosenpassEnabled:   false,
+			conn2Permissive:         true,
+			conn2RosenpassEnabled:   true,
+			conn1ExpectedInitialKey: false,
+			conn2ExpectedInitialKey: false,
+		},
+		{
+			conn1Permissive:         true,
+			conn1RosenpassEnabled:   true,
+			conn2Permissive:         true,
+			conn2RosenpassEnabled:   true,
+			conn1ExpectedInitialKey: true,
+			conn2ExpectedInitialKey: true,
+		},
+		{
+			conn1Permissive:         false,
+			conn1RosenpassEnabled:   false,
+			conn2Permissive:         false,
+			conn2RosenpassEnabled:   true,
+			conn1ExpectedInitialKey: false,
+			conn2ExpectedInitialKey: true,
+		},
+		{
+			conn1Permissive:         false,
+			conn1RosenpassEnabled:   true,
+			conn2Permissive:         true,
+			conn2RosenpassEnabled:   true,
+			conn1ExpectedInitialKey: true,
+			conn2ExpectedInitialKey: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	conn1.config.RosenpassConfig.PermissiveMode = true
+	for i, test := range tests {
+		tcase := i + 1
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("Rosenpass test case %d", tcase), func(t *testing.T) {
+			conn1.config.RosenpassConfig = RosenpassConfig{}
+			conn2.config.RosenpassConfig = RosenpassConfig{}
+
+			if test.conn1RosenpassEnabled {
+				conn1.config.RosenpassConfig.PubKey = []byte("dummykey")
+			}
+			conn1.config.RosenpassConfig.PermissiveMode = test.conn1Permissive
+
+			if test.conn2RosenpassEnabled {
+				conn2.config.RosenpassConfig.PubKey = []byte("dummykey")
+			}
+			conn2.config.RosenpassConfig.PermissiveMode = test.conn2Permissive
+
+			conn1PresharedKey := conn1.presharedKey(conn2.config.RosenpassConfig.PubKey)
+			conn2PresharedKey := conn2.presharedKey(conn1.config.RosenpassConfig.PubKey)
+
+			if test.conn1ExpectedInitialKey {
+				if conn1PresharedKey == nil {
+					t.Errorf("Case %d: Expected conn1 to have a non-nil key, but got nil", tcase)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if conn1PresharedKey != nil {
+					t.Errorf("Case %d: Expected conn1 to have a nil key, but got %v", tcase, conn1PresharedKey)
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Assert conn2's key expectation
+			if test.conn2ExpectedInitialKey {
+				if conn2PresharedKey == nil {
+					t.Errorf("Case %d: Expected conn2 to have a non-nil key, but got nil", tcase)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if conn2PresharedKey != nil {
+					t.Errorf("Case %d: Expected conn2 to have a nil key, but got %v", tcase, conn2PresharedKey)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

client/internal/peer/handshaker.go

@@ -154,8 +154,8 @@ func (h *Handshaker) sendOffer() error {
 		IceCredentials:  IceCredentials{iceUFrag, icePwd},
 		WgListenPort:    h.config.LocalWgPort,
 		Version:         version.NetbirdVersion(),
-		RosenpassPubKey: h.config.RosenpassPubKey,
+		RosenpassPubKey: h.config.RosenpassConfig.PubKey,
-		RosenpassAddr:   h.config.RosenpassAddr,
+		RosenpassAddr:   h.config.RosenpassConfig.Addr,
 	}
 
 	addr, err := h.relay.RelayInstanceAddress()
@@ -174,8 +174,8 @@ func (h *Handshaker) sendAnswer() error {
 		IceCredentials:  IceCredentials{uFrag, pwd},
 		WgListenPort:    h.config.LocalWgPort,
 		Version:         version.NetbirdVersion(),
-		RosenpassPubKey: h.config.RosenpassPubKey,
+		RosenpassPubKey: h.config.RosenpassConfig.PubKey,
-		RosenpassAddr:   h.config.RosenpassAddr,
+		RosenpassAddr:   h.config.RosenpassConfig.Addr,
 	}
 	addr, err := h.relay.RelayInstanceAddress()
 	if err == nil {

client/internal/peer/ice/agent.go

@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ func NewAgent(iFaceDiscover stdnet.ExternalIFaceDiscover, config Config, candida
 	}
 
 	fac := logging.NewDefaultLoggerFactory()
-	fac.Writer = log.StandardLogger().Writer()
+
+	//fac.Writer = log.StandardLogger().Writer()
 
 	agentConfig := &ice.AgentConfig{
 		MulticastDNSMode:       ice.MulticastDNSModeDisabled,

client/internal/peer/route.go

@@ -6,12 +6,14 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 )
 
 // routeEntry holds the route prefix and the corresponding resource ID.
 type routeEntry struct {
 	prefix     netip.Prefix
-	resourceID string
+	resourceID route.ResID
 }
 
 type routeIDLookup struct {
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ type routeIDLookup struct {
 	resolvedIPs sync.Map
 }
 
-func (r *routeIDLookup) AddLocalRouteID(resourceID string, route netip.Prefix) {
+func (r *routeIDLookup) AddLocalRouteID(resourceID route.ResID, route netip.Prefix) {
 	r.localLock.Lock()
 	defer r.localLock.Unlock()
 
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ func (r *routeIDLookup) RemoveLocalRouteID(route netip.Prefix) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (r *routeIDLookup) AddRemoteRouteID(resourceID string, route netip.Prefix) {
+func (r *routeIDLookup) AddRemoteRouteID(resourceID route.ResID, route netip.Prefix) {
 	r.remoteLock.Lock()
 	defer r.remoteLock.Unlock()
 
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ func (r *routeIDLookup) RemoveRemoteRouteID(route netip.Prefix) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (r *routeIDLookup) AddResolvedIP(resourceID string, route netip.Prefix) {
+func (r *routeIDLookup) AddResolvedIP(resourceID route.ResID, route netip.Prefix) {
 	r.resolvedIPs.Store(route.Addr(), resourceID)
 }
 
@@ -97,19 +99,19 @@ func (r *routeIDLookup) RemoveResolvedIP(route netip.Prefix) {
 
 // Lookup returns the resource ID for the given IP address
 // and a bool indicating if the IP is an exit node.
-func (r *routeIDLookup) Lookup(ip netip.Addr) (string, bool) {
+func (r *routeIDLookup) Lookup(ip netip.Addr) (route.ResID, bool) {
 	if res, ok := r.resolvedIPs.Load(ip); ok {
-		return res.(string), false
+		return res.(route.ResID), false
 	}
 
-	var resourceID string
+	var resourceID route.ResID
 	var isExitNode bool
 
 	r.localLock.RLock()
 	for _, entry := range r.localRoutes {
 		if entry.prefix.Contains(ip) {
 			resourceID = entry.resourceID
-			isExitNode = (entry.prefix.Bits() == 0)
+			isExitNode = entry.prefix.Bits() == 0
 			break
 		}
 	}
@@ -120,7 +122,7 @@ func (r *routeIDLookup) Lookup(ip netip.Addr) (string, bool) {
 		for _, entry := range r.remoteRoutes {
 			if entry.prefix.Contains(ip) {
 				resourceID = entry.resourceID
-				isExitNode = (entry.prefix.Bits() == 0)
+				isExitNode = entry.prefix.Bits() == 0
 				break
 			}
 		}

client/internal/peer/status.go

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
 	relayClient "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/relay/client"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 )
 
 const eventQueueSize = 10
@@ -313,7 +314,7 @@ func (d *Status) UpdatePeerState(receivedState State) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (d *Status) AddPeerStateRoute(peer string, route string, resourceId string) error {
+func (d *Status) AddPeerStateRoute(peer string, route string, resourceId route.ResID) error {
 	d.mux.Lock()
 	defer d.mux.Unlock()
 
@@ -581,7 +582,7 @@ func (d *Status) UpdateLocalPeerState(localPeerState LocalPeerState) {
 }
 
 // AddLocalPeerStateRoute adds a route to the local peer state
-func (d *Status) AddLocalPeerStateRoute(route, resourceId string) {
+func (d *Status) AddLocalPeerStateRoute(route string, resourceId route.ResID) {
 	d.mux.Lock()
 	defer d.mux.Unlock()
 
@@ -611,14 +612,11 @@ func (d *Status) RemoveLocalPeerStateRoute(route string) {
 }
 
 // AddResolvedIPLookupEntry adds a resolved IP lookup entry
-func (d *Status) AddResolvedIPLookupEntry(route, resourceId string) {
+func (d *Status) AddResolvedIPLookupEntry(prefix netip.Prefix, resourceId route.ResID) {
 	d.mux.Lock()
 	defer d.mux.Unlock()
 
-	pref, err := netip.ParsePrefix(route)
+	d.routeIDLookup.AddResolvedIP(resourceId, prefix)
-	if err == nil {
-		d.routeIDLookup.AddResolvedIP(resourceId, pref)
-	}
 }
 
 // RemoveResolvedIPLookupEntry removes a resolved IP lookup entry
@@ -723,7 +721,7 @@ func (d *Status) UpdateDNSStates(dnsStates []NSGroupState) {
 	d.nsGroupStates = dnsStates
 }
 
-func (d *Status) UpdateResolvedDomainsStates(originalDomain domain.Domain, resolvedDomain domain.Domain, prefixes []netip.Prefix, resourceId string) {
+func (d *Status) UpdateResolvedDomainsStates(originalDomain domain.Domain, resolvedDomain domain.Domain, prefixes []netip.Prefix, resourceId route.ResID) {
 	d.mux.Lock()
 	defer d.mux.Unlock()
 

client/internal/pkce_auth.go

@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ type PKCEAuthProviderConfig struct {
 	UseIDToken bool
 	// ClientCertPair is used for mTLS authentication to the IDP
 	ClientCertPair *tls.Certificate
+	// DisablePromptLogin makes the PKCE flow to not prompt the user for login
+	DisablePromptLogin bool
 }
 
 // GetPKCEAuthorizationFlowInfo initialize a PKCEAuthorizationFlow instance and return with it
@@ -97,6 +99,7 @@ func GetPKCEAuthorizationFlowInfo(ctx context.Context, privateKey string, mgmURL
 			RedirectURLs:          protoPKCEAuthorizationFlow.GetProviderConfig().GetRedirectURLs(),
 			UseIDToken:            protoPKCEAuthorizationFlow.GetProviderConfig().GetUseIDToken(),
 			ClientCertPair:        clientCert,
+			DisablePromptLogin:    protoPKCEAuthorizationFlow.GetProviderConfig().GetDisablePromptLogin(),
 		},
 	}
 

client/internal/routemanager/dnsinterceptor/handler.go

@@ -162,9 +162,7 @@ func (d *DnsInterceptor) ServeDNS(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	// set the AuthenticatedData flag and the EDNS0 buffer size to 4096 bytes to support larger dns records
 	if r.Extra == nil {
-		r.SetEdns0(4096, false)
 		r.MsgHdr.AuthenticatedData = true
 	}
 	client := &dns.Client{
@@ -172,7 +170,7 @@ func (d *DnsInterceptor) ServeDNS(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) {
 		Net:     "udp",
 	}
 	upstream := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", upstreamIP.String(), dnsfwd.ListenPort)
-	reply, _, err := client.ExchangeContext(context.Background(), r, upstream)
+	reply, _, err := nbdns.ExchangeWithFallback(context.TODO(), client, r, upstream)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to exchange DNS request with %s (%s) for domain=%s: %v", upstreamIP.String(), peerKey, r.Question[0].Name, err)
 		if err := w.WriteMsg(&dns.Msg{MsgHdr: dns.MsgHdr{Rcode: dns.RcodeServerFailure, Id: r.Id}}); err != nil {
@@ -236,7 +234,7 @@ func (d *DnsInterceptor) writeMsg(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) error {
 			origPattern = writer.GetOrigPattern()
 		}
 
-		resolvedDomain := domain.Domain(r.Question[0].Name)
+		resolvedDomain := domain.Domain(strings.ToLower(r.Question[0].Name))
 
 		// already punycode via RegisterHandler()
 		originalDomain := domain.Domain(origPattern)
@@ -330,6 +328,11 @@ func (d *DnsInterceptor) updateDomainPrefixes(resolvedDomain, originalDomain dom
 
 	// Update domain prefixes using resolved domain as key
 	if len(toAdd) > 0 || len(toRemove) > 0 {
+		if d.route.KeepRoute {
+			// replace stored prefixes with old + added
+			// nolint:gocritic
+			newPrefixes = append(oldPrefixes, toAdd...)
+		}
 		d.interceptedDomains[resolvedDomain] = newPrefixes
 		originalDomain = domain.Domain(strings.TrimSuffix(string(originalDomain), "."))
 		d.statusRecorder.UpdateResolvedDomainsStates(originalDomain, resolvedDomain, newPrefixes, d.route.GetResourceID())
@@ -340,7 +343,7 @@ func (d *DnsInterceptor) updateDomainPrefixes(resolvedDomain, originalDomain dom
 				originalDomain.SafeString(),
 				toAdd)
 		}
-		if len(toRemove) > 0 {
+		if len(toRemove) > 0 && !d.route.KeepRoute {
 			log.Debugf("removed dynamic route(s) for domain=%s (pattern: domain=%s): %s",
 				resolvedDomain.SafeString(),
 				originalDomain.SafeString(),

client/internal/routemanager/dynamic/route_ios.go

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ func (r *Route) getIPsFromResolver(domain domain.Domain) ([]net.IP, error) {
 
 	startTime := time.Now()
 
-	response, _, err := privateClient.Exchange(msg, r.resolverAddr)
+	response, _, err := nbdns.ExchangeWithFallback(nil, privateClient, msg, r.resolverAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("DNS query for %s failed after %s: %s ", domain.SafeString(), time.Since(startTime), err)
 	}

client/internal/routemanager/manager.go

@@ -259,8 +259,6 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) Stop(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	m.ctx = nil
-
 	m.mux.Lock()
 	defer m.mux.Unlock()
 	m.clientRoutes = nil
@@ -292,7 +290,7 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) UpdateRoutes(updateSerial uint64, newRoutes []*route.Ro
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	if err := m.serverRouter.updateRoutes(newServerRoutesMap); err != nil {
+	if err := m.serverRouter.updateRoutes(newServerRoutesMap, useNewDNSRoute); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("update routes: %w", err)
 	}
 

client/internal/routemanager/server_android.go

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ type serverRouter struct {
 func (r serverRouter) cleanUp() {
 }
 
-func (r serverRouter) updateRoutes(map[route.ID]*route.Route) error {
+func (r serverRouter) updateRoutes(map[route.ID]*route.Route, bool) error {
 	return nil
 }
 

client/internal/routemanager/server_nonandroid.go

@@ -35,7 +35,10 @@ func newServerRouter(ctx context.Context, wgInterface iface.WGIface, firewall fi
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func (m *serverRouter) updateRoutes(routesMap map[route.ID]*route.Route) error {
+func (m *serverRouter) updateRoutes(routesMap map[route.ID]*route.Route, useNewDNSRoute bool) error {
+	m.mux.Lock()
+	defer m.mux.Unlock()
+
 	serverRoutesToRemove := make([]route.ID, 0)
 
 	for routeID := range m.routes {
@@ -73,7 +76,7 @@ func (m *serverRouter) updateRoutes(routesMap map[route.ID]*route.Route) error {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		err := m.addToServerNetwork(newRoute)
+		err := m.addToServerNetwork(newRoute, useNewDNSRoute)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("Unable to add route %s from server, got: %v", newRoute.ID, err)
 			continue
@@ -90,57 +93,30 @@ func (m *serverRouter) removeFromServerNetwork(route *route.Route) error {
 		return m.ctx.Err()
 	}
 
-	m.mux.Lock()
+	routerPair := routeToRouterPair(route, false)
-	defer m.mux.Unlock()
+	if err := m.firewall.RemoveNatRule(routerPair); err != nil {
-
-	routerPair, err := routeToRouterPair(route)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("parse prefix: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = m.firewall.RemoveNatRule(routerPair)
-	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("remove routing rules: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	delete(m.routes, route.ID)
-
+	m.statusRecorder.RemoveLocalPeerStateRoute(route.NetString())
-	routeStr := route.Network.String()
-	if route.IsDynamic() {
-		routeStr = route.Domains.SafeString()
-	}
-	m.statusRecorder.RemoveLocalPeerStateRoute(routeStr)
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (m *serverRouter) addToServerNetwork(route *route.Route) error {
+func (m *serverRouter) addToServerNetwork(route *route.Route, useNewDNSRoute bool) error {
 	if m.ctx.Err() != nil {
 		log.Infof("Not adding to server network because context is done")
 		return m.ctx.Err()
 	}
 
-	m.mux.Lock()
+	routerPair := routeToRouterPair(route, useNewDNSRoute)
-	defer m.mux.Unlock()
+	if err := m.firewall.AddNatRule(routerPair); err != nil {
-
-	routerPair, err := routeToRouterPair(route)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("parse prefix: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = m.firewall.AddNatRule(routerPair)
-	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("insert routing rules: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	m.routes[route.ID] = route
-
+	m.statusRecorder.AddLocalPeerStateRoute(route.NetString(), route.GetResourceID())
-	routeStr := route.Network.String()
-	if route.IsDynamic() {
-		routeStr = route.Domains.SafeString()
-	}
-
-	m.statusRecorder.AddLocalPeerStateRoute(routeStr, route.GetResourceID())
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -148,31 +124,29 @@ func (m *serverRouter) addToServerNetwork(route *route.Route) error {
 func (m *serverRouter) cleanUp() {
 	m.mux.Lock()
 	defer m.mux.Unlock()
-	for _, r := range m.routes {
-		routerPair, err := routeToRouterPair(r)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("Failed to convert route to router pair: %v", err)
-			continue
-		}
 
-		err = m.firewall.RemoveNatRule(routerPair)
+	for _, r := range m.routes {
-		if err != nil {
+		routerPair := routeToRouterPair(r, false)
+		if err := m.firewall.RemoveNatRule(routerPair); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("Failed to remove cleanup route: %v", err)
 		}
-
 	}
 
 	m.statusRecorder.CleanLocalPeerStateRoutes()
 }
 
-func routeToRouterPair(route *route.Route) (firewall.RouterPair, error) {
+func routeToRouterPair(route *route.Route, useNewDNSRoute bool) firewall.RouterPair {
-	// TODO: add ipv6
 	source := getDefaultPrefix(route.Network)
-
+	destination := firewall.Network{}
-	destination := route.Network.Masked()
 	if route.IsDynamic() {
+		if useNewDNSRoute {
+			destination.Set = firewall.NewDomainSet(route.Domains)
+		} else {
 			// TODO: add ipv6 additionally
-		destination = getDefaultPrefix(destination)
+			destination = getDefaultPrefix(destination.Prefix)
+		}
+	} else {
+		destination.Prefix = route.Network.Masked()
 	}
 
 	return firewall.RouterPair{
@@ -180,12 +154,16 @@ func routeToRouterPair(route *route.Route) (firewall.RouterPair, error) {
 		Source:      source,
 		Destination: destination,
 		Masquerade:  route.Masquerade,
-	}, nil
+	}
 }
 
-func getDefaultPrefix(prefix netip.Prefix) netip.Prefix {
+func getDefaultPrefix(prefix netip.Prefix) firewall.Network {
 	if prefix.Addr().Is6() {
-		return netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0)
+		return firewall.Network{
+			Prefix: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0),
+		}
+	}
+	return firewall.Network{
+		Prefix: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0),
 	}
-	return netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0)
 }

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package systemops
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"sync"
@@ -15,6 +16,20 @@ type Nexthop struct {
 	Intf *net.Interface
 }
 
+// Equal checks if two nexthops are equal.
+func (n Nexthop) Equal(other Nexthop) bool {
+	return n.IP == other.IP && (n.Intf == nil && other.Intf == nil ||
+		n.Intf != nil && other.Intf != nil && n.Intf.Index == other.Intf.Index)
+}
+
+// String returns a string representation of the nexthop.
+func (n Nexthop) String() string {
+	if n.Intf == nil {
+		return n.IP.String()
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s @ %d (%s)", n.IP.String(), n.Intf.Index, n.Intf.Name)
+}
+
 type ExclusionCounter = refcounter.Counter[netip.Prefix, struct{}, Nexthop]
 
 type SysOps struct {

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_bsd_test.go

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ func init() {
 	testCases = append(testCases, []testCase{
 		{
 			name:              "To more specific route without custom dialer via vpn",
-			destination:       "10.10.0.2:53",
 			expectedInterface: expectedVPNint,
 			dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
 			expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("100.64.0.1", 12345, "10.10.0.2", 53),

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_linux.go

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ var sysctlFailed bool
 
 type ruleParams struct {
 	priority       int
-	fwmark         int
+	fwmark         uint32
 	tableID        int
 	family         int
 	invert         bool
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ type ruleParams struct {
 
 func getSetupRules() []ruleParams {
 	return []ruleParams{
-		{100, -1, syscall.RT_TABLE_MAIN, netlink.FAMILY_V4, false, 0, "rule with suppress prefixlen v4"},
+		{100, 0, syscall.RT_TABLE_MAIN, netlink.FAMILY_V4, false, 0, "rule with suppress prefixlen v4"},
-		{100, -1, syscall.RT_TABLE_MAIN, netlink.FAMILY_V6, false, 0, "rule with suppress prefixlen v6"},
+		{100, 0, syscall.RT_TABLE_MAIN, netlink.FAMILY_V6, false, 0, "rule with suppress prefixlen v6"},
 		{110, nbnet.ControlPlaneMark, NetbirdVPNTableID, netlink.FAMILY_V4, true, -1, "rule v4 netbird"},
 		{110, nbnet.ControlPlaneMark, NetbirdVPNTableID, netlink.FAMILY_V6, true, -1, "rule v6 netbird"},
 	}

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_linux_test.go

@@ -27,14 +27,12 @@ func init() {
 	testCases = append(testCases, []testCase{
 		{
 			name:              "To more specific route without custom dialer via physical interface",
-			destination:       "10.10.0.2:53",
 			expectedInterface: expectedInternalInt,
 			dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
 			expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("192.168.1.1", 12345, "10.10.0.2", 53),
 		},
 		{
 			name:              "To more specific route (local) without custom dialer via physical interface",
-			destination:       "127.0.10.1:53",
 			expectedInterface: expectedLoopbackInt,
 			dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
 			expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("127.0.0.1", 12345, "127.0.10.1", 53),
@@ -134,6 +132,16 @@ func addDummyRoute(t *testing.T, dstCIDR string, gw net.IP, intf string) {
 	_, dstIPNet, err := net.ParseCIDR(dstCIDR)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
+	link, err := netlink.LinkByName(intf)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	linkIndex := link.Attrs().Index
+
+	route := &netlink.Route{
+		Dst:       dstIPNet,
+		Gw:        gw,
+		LinkIndex: linkIndex,
+	}
+
 	// Handle existing routes with metric 0
 	var originalNexthop net.IP
 	var originalLinkIndex int
@@ -145,32 +153,24 @@ func addDummyRoute(t *testing.T, dstCIDR string, gw net.IP, intf string) {
 		}
 
 		if originalNexthop != nil {
+			// remove original route
 			err = netlink.RouteDel(&netlink.Route{Dst: dstIPNet, Priority: 0})
-			switch {
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
-			case err != nil && !errors.Is(err, syscall.ESRCH):
+
-				t.Logf("Failed to delete route: %v", err)
+			// add new route
-			case err == nil:
+			assert.NoError(t, netlink.RouteAdd(route))
+
 			t.Cleanup(func() {
+				// restore original route
+				assert.NoError(t, netlink.RouteDel(route))
 				err := netlink.RouteAdd(&netlink.Route{Dst: dstIPNet, Gw: originalNexthop, LinkIndex: originalLinkIndex, Priority: 0})
-					if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, syscall.EEXIST) {
+				assert.NoError(t, err)
-						t.Fatalf("Failed to add route: %v", err)
-					}
 			})
-			default:
+
-				t.Logf("Failed to delete route: %v", err)
+			return
-			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	link, err := netlink.LinkByName(intf)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	linkIndex := link.Attrs().Index
-
-	route := &netlink.Route{
-		Dst:       dstIPNet,
-		Gw:        gw,
-		LinkIndex: linkIndex,
-	}
 	err = netlink.RouteDel(route)
 	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, syscall.ESRCH) {
 		t.Logf("Failed to delete route: %v", err)
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ func addDummyRoute(t *testing.T, dstCIDR string, gw net.IP, intf string) {
 	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, syscall.EEXIST) {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to add route: %v", err)
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, err)
 }
 
 func fetchOriginalGateway(family int) (net.IP, int, error) {
@@ -190,7 +189,11 @@ func fetchOriginalGateway(family int) (net.IP, int, error) {
 	}
 
 	for _, route := range routes {
-		if route.Dst == nil && route.Priority == 0 {
+		ones := -1
+		if route.Dst != nil {
+			ones, _ = route.Dst.Mask.Size()
+		}
+		if route.Dst == nil || ones == 0 && route.Priority == 0 {
 			return route.Gw, route.LinkIndex, nil
 		}
 	}

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_unix_test.go

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ type PacketExpectation struct {
 
 type testCase struct {
 	name              string
-	destination       string
 	expectedInterface string
 	dialer            dialer
 	expectedPacket    PacketExpectation
@@ -40,14 +39,12 @@ type testCase struct {
 var testCases = []testCase{
 	{
 		name:              "To external host without custom dialer via vpn",
-		destination:       "192.0.2.1:53",
 		expectedInterface: expectedVPNint,
 		dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
 		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("100.64.0.1", 12345, "192.0.2.1", 53),
 	},
 	{
 		name:              "To external host with custom dialer via physical interface",
-		destination:       "192.0.2.1:53",
 		expectedInterface: expectedExternalInt,
 		dialer:            nbnet.NewDialer(),
 		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("192.168.0.1", 12345, "192.0.2.1", 53),
@@ -55,14 +52,12 @@ var testCases = []testCase{
 
 	{
 		name:              "To duplicate internal route with custom dialer via physical interface",
-		destination:       "10.0.0.2:53",
 		expectedInterface: expectedInternalInt,
 		dialer:            nbnet.NewDialer(),
 		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("192.168.1.1", 12345, "10.0.0.2", 53),
 	},
 	{
 		name:              "To duplicate internal route without custom dialer via physical interface", // local route takes precedence
-		destination:       "10.0.0.2:53",
 		expectedInterface: expectedInternalInt,
 		dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
 		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("192.168.1.1", 12345, "10.0.0.2", 53),
@@ -70,14 +65,12 @@ var testCases = []testCase{
 
 	{
 		name:              "To unique vpn route with custom dialer via physical interface",
-		destination:       "172.16.0.2:53",
 		expectedInterface: expectedExternalInt,
 		dialer:            nbnet.NewDialer(),
 		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("192.168.0.1", 12345, "172.16.0.2", 53),
 	},
 	{
 		name:              "To unique vpn route without custom dialer via vpn",
-		destination:       "172.16.0.2:53",
 		expectedInterface: expectedVPNint,
 		dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
 		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("100.64.0.1", 12345, "172.16.0.2", 53),
@@ -94,10 +87,11 @@ func TestRouting(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			setupTestEnv(t)
 
-			filter := createBPFFilter(tc.destination)
+			dst := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", tc.expectedPacket.DstIP, tc.expectedPacket.DstPort)
+			filter := createBPFFilter(dst)
 			handle := startPacketCapture(t, tc.expectedInterface, filter)
 
-			sendTestPacket(t, tc.destination, tc.expectedPacket.SrcPort, tc.dialer)
+			sendTestPacket(t, dst, tc.expectedPacket.SrcPort, tc.dialer)
 
 			packetSource := gopacket.NewPacketSource(handle, handle.LinkType())
 			packet, err := packetSource.NextPacket()

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_windows.go

@@ -33,8 +33,7 @@ type RouteUpdateType int
 type RouteUpdate struct {
 	Type        RouteUpdateType
 	Destination netip.Prefix
-	NextHop     netip.Addr
+	NextHop     Nexthop
-	Interface   *net.Interface
 }
 
 // RouteMonitor provides a way to monitor changes in the routing table.
@@ -231,15 +230,15 @@ func (rm *RouteMonitor) parseUpdate(row *MIB_IPFORWARD_ROW2, notificationType MI
 		intf, err := net.InterfaceByIndex(idx)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("failed to get interface name for index %d: %v", idx, err)
-			update.Interface = &net.Interface{
+			update.NextHop.Intf = &net.Interface{
 				Index: idx,
 			}
 		} else {
-			update.Interface = intf
+			update.NextHop.Intf = intf
 		}
 	}
 
-	log.Tracef("Received route update with destination %v, next hop %v, interface %v", row.DestinationPrefix, row.NextHop, update.Interface)
+	log.Tracef("Received route update with destination %v, next hop %v, interface %v", row.DestinationPrefix, row.NextHop, update.NextHop.Intf)
 	dest := parseIPPrefix(row.DestinationPrefix, idx)
 	if !dest.Addr().IsValid() {
 		return RouteUpdate{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid destination: %v", row)
@@ -262,7 +261,7 @@ func (rm *RouteMonitor) parseUpdate(row *MIB_IPFORWARD_ROW2, notificationType MI
 
 	update.Type = updateType
 	update.Destination = dest
-	update.NextHop = nexthop
+	update.NextHop.IP = nexthop
 
 	return update, nil
 }

client/internal/routeselector/routeselector.go

@@ -10,20 +10,19 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
-	route "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 )
 
 type RouteSelector struct {
 	mu               sync.RWMutex
-	selectedRoutes map[route.NetID]struct{}
+	deselectedRoutes map[route.NetID]struct{}
-	selectAll      bool
+	deselectAll      bool
 }
 
 func NewRouteSelector() *RouteSelector {
 	return &RouteSelector{
-		selectedRoutes: map[route.NetID]struct{}{},
+		deselectedRoutes: map[route.NetID]struct{}{},
-		// default selects all routes
+		deselectAll:      false,
-		selectAll: true,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -32,8 +31,11 @@ func (rs *RouteSelector) SelectRoutes(routes []route.NetID, appendRoute bool, al
 	rs.mu.Lock()
 	defer rs.mu.Unlock()
 
-	if !appendRoute {
+	if !appendRoute || rs.deselectAll {
-		rs.selectedRoutes = map[route.NetID]struct{}{}
+		maps.Clear(rs.deselectedRoutes)
+		for _, r := range allRoutes {
+			rs.deselectedRoutes[r] = struct{}{}
+		}
 	}
 
 	var err *multierror.Error
@@ -42,10 +44,10 @@ func (rs *RouteSelector) SelectRoutes(routes []route.NetID, appendRoute bool, al
 			err = multierror.Append(err, fmt.Errorf("route '%s' is not available", route))
 			continue
 		}
-
+		delete(rs.deselectedRoutes, route)
-		rs.selectedRoutes[route] = struct{}{}
 	}
-	rs.selectAll = false
+
+	rs.deselectAll = false
 
 	return errors.FormatErrorOrNil(err)
 }
@@ -55,32 +57,26 @@ func (rs *RouteSelector) SelectAllRoutes() {
 	rs.mu.Lock()
 	defer rs.mu.Unlock()
 
-	rs.selectAll = true
+	rs.deselectAll = false
-	rs.selectedRoutes = map[route.NetID]struct{}{}
+	maps.Clear(rs.deselectedRoutes)
 }
 
 // DeselectRoutes removes specific routes from the selection.
-// If the selector is in "select all" mode, it will transition to "select specific" mode.
 func (rs *RouteSelector) DeselectRoutes(routes []route.NetID, allRoutes []route.NetID) error {
 	rs.mu.Lock()
 	defer rs.mu.Unlock()
 
-	if rs.selectAll {
+	if rs.deselectAll {
-		rs.selectAll = false
+		return nil
-		rs.selectedRoutes = map[route.NetID]struct{}{}
-		for _, route := range allRoutes {
-			rs.selectedRoutes[route] = struct{}{}
-		}
 	}
 
 	var err *multierror.Error
-
 	for _, route := range routes {
 		if !slices.Contains(allRoutes, route) {
 			err = multierror.Append(err, fmt.Errorf("route '%s' is not available", route))
 			continue
 		}
-		delete(rs.selectedRoutes, route)
+		rs.deselectedRoutes[route] = struct{}{}
 	}
 
 	return errors.FormatErrorOrNil(err)
@@ -91,8 +87,8 @@ func (rs *RouteSelector) DeselectAllRoutes() {
 	rs.mu.Lock()
 	defer rs.mu.Unlock()
 
-	rs.selectAll = false
+	rs.deselectAll = true
-	rs.selectedRoutes = map[route.NetID]struct{}{}
+	maps.Clear(rs.deselectedRoutes)
 }
 
 // IsSelected checks if a specific route is selected.
@@ -100,11 +96,12 @@ func (rs *RouteSelector) IsSelected(routeID route.NetID) bool {
 	rs.mu.RLock()
 	defer rs.mu.RUnlock()
 
-	if rs.selectAll {
+	if rs.deselectAll {
-		return true
+		return false
 	}
-	_, selected := rs.selectedRoutes[routeID]
+
-	return selected
+	_, deselected := rs.deselectedRoutes[routeID]
+	return !deselected
 }
 
 // FilterSelected removes unselected routes from the provided map.
@@ -112,13 +109,15 @@ func (rs *RouteSelector) FilterSelected(routes route.HAMap) route.HAMap {
 	rs.mu.RLock()
 	defer rs.mu.RUnlock()
 
-	if rs.selectAll {
+	if rs.deselectAll {
-		return maps.Clone(routes)
+		return route.HAMap{}
 	}
 
 	filtered := route.HAMap{}
 	for id, rt := range routes {
-		if rs.IsSelected(id.NetID()) {
+		netID := id.NetID()
+		_, deselected := rs.deselectedRoutes[netID]
+		if !deselected {
 			filtered[id] = rt
 		}
 	}
@@ -131,11 +130,11 @@ func (rs *RouteSelector) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	defer rs.mu.RUnlock()
 
 	return json.Marshal(struct {
-		SelectedRoutes map[route.NetID]struct{} `json:"selected_routes"`
+		DeselectedRoutes map[route.NetID]struct{} `json:"deselected_routes"`
-		SelectAll      bool                     `json:"select_all"`
+		DeselectAll      bool                     `json:"deselect_all"`
 	}{
-		SelectAll:      rs.selectAll,
+		DeselectedRoutes: rs.deselectedRoutes,
-		SelectedRoutes: rs.selectedRoutes,
+		DeselectAll:      rs.deselectAll,
 	})
 }
 
@@ -147,25 +146,25 @@ func (rs *RouteSelector) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 
 	// Check for null or empty JSON
 	if len(data) == 0 || string(data) == "null" {
-		rs.selectedRoutes = map[route.NetID]struct{}{}
+		rs.deselectedRoutes = map[route.NetID]struct{}{}
-		rs.selectAll = true
+		rs.deselectAll = false
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	var temp struct {
-		SelectedRoutes map[route.NetID]struct{} `json:"selected_routes"`
+		DeselectedRoutes map[route.NetID]struct{} `json:"deselected_routes"`
-		SelectAll      bool                     `json:"select_all"`
+		DeselectAll      bool                     `json:"deselect_all"`
 	}
 
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &temp); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	rs.selectedRoutes = temp.SelectedRoutes
+	rs.deselectedRoutes = temp.DeselectedRoutes
-	rs.selectAll = temp.SelectAll
+	rs.deselectAll = temp.DeselectAll
 
-	if rs.selectedRoutes == nil {
+	if rs.deselectedRoutes == nil {
-		rs.selectedRoutes = map[route.NetID]struct{}{}
+		rs.deselectedRoutes = map[route.NetID]struct{}{}
 	}
 
 	return nil

client/internal/routeselector/routeselector_test.go

@@ -66,12 +66,10 @@ func TestRouteSelector_SelectRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			rs := routeselector.NewRouteSelector()
 
-			if tt.initialSelected != nil {
 			err := rs.SelectRoutes(tt.initialSelected, false, allRoutes)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
-			}
 
-			err := rs.SelectRoutes(tt.selectRoutes, tt.append, allRoutes)
+			err = rs.SelectRoutes(tt.selectRoutes, tt.append, allRoutes)
 			if tt.wantError {
 				assert.Error(t, err)
 			} else {
@@ -251,7 +249,8 @@ func TestRouteSelector_IsSelected(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.True(t, rs.IsSelected("route1"))
 	assert.True(t, rs.IsSelected("route2"))
 	assert.False(t, rs.IsSelected("route3"))
-	assert.False(t, rs.IsSelected("route4"))
+	// Unknown route is selected by default
+	assert.True(t, rs.IsSelected("route4"))
 }
 
 func TestRouteSelector_FilterSelected(t *testing.T) {
@@ -297,8 +296,8 @@ func TestRouteSelector_NewRoutesBehavior(t *testing.T) {
 			initialState: func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
 				return rs.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"route1", "route2"}, false, initialRoutes)
 			},
-			// When specific routes were selected, new routes should remain unselected
+			// When specific routes were selected, new routes should be selected
-			wantNewSelected: []route.NetID{"route1", "route2"},
+			wantNewSelected: []route.NetID{"route1", "route2", "route4", "route5"},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "New routes after deselect all",
@@ -315,16 +314,16 @@ func TestRouteSelector_NewRoutesBehavior(t *testing.T) {
 				rs.SelectAllRoutes()
 				return rs.DeselectRoutes([]route.NetID{"route1"}, initialRoutes)
 			},
-			// After deselecting specific routes, new routes should remain unselected
+			// After deselecting specific routes, new routes should be selected
-			wantNewSelected: []route.NetID{"route2", "route3"},
+			wantNewSelected: []route.NetID{"route2", "route3", "route4", "route5"},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "New routes after selecting with append",
 			initialState: func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
 				return rs.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"route1"}, true, initialRoutes)
 			},
-			// When routes were appended, new routes should remain unselected
+			// When routes were appended, new routes should be selected
-			wantNewSelected: []route.NetID{"route1"},
+			wantNewSelected: []route.NetID{"route1", "route2", "route3", "route4", "route5"},
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -358,3 +357,283 @@ func TestRouteSelector_NewRoutesBehavior(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestRouteSelector_MixedSelectionDeselection(t *testing.T) {
+	allRoutes := []route.NetID{"route1", "route2", "route3"}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name              string
+		routesToSelect    []route.NetID
+		selectAppend      bool
+		routesToDeselect  []route.NetID
+		selectFirst       bool
+		wantSelectedFinal []route.NetID
+	}{
+		{
+			name:              "1. Select A, then Deselect B",
+			routesToSelect:    []route.NetID{"route1"},
+			selectAppend:      false,
+			routesToDeselect:  []route.NetID{"route2"},
+			selectFirst:       true,
+			wantSelectedFinal: []route.NetID{"route1"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:              "2. Select A, then Deselect A",
+			routesToSelect:    []route.NetID{"route1"},
+			selectAppend:      false,
+			routesToDeselect:  []route.NetID{"route1"},
+			selectFirst:       true,
+			wantSelectedFinal: []route.NetID{},
+		},
+		{
+			name:              "3. Deselect A (from all), then Select B",
+			routesToSelect:    []route.NetID{"route2"},
+			selectAppend:      false,
+			routesToDeselect:  []route.NetID{"route1"},
+			selectFirst:       false,
+			wantSelectedFinal: []route.NetID{"route2"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:              "4. Deselect A (from all), then Select A",
+			routesToSelect:    []route.NetID{"route1"},
+			selectAppend:      false,
+			routesToDeselect:  []route.NetID{"route1"},
+			selectFirst:       false,
+			wantSelectedFinal: []route.NetID{"route1"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			rs := routeselector.NewRouteSelector()
+
+			var err1, err2 error
+
+			if tt.selectFirst {
+				err1 = rs.SelectRoutes(tt.routesToSelect, tt.selectAppend, allRoutes)
+				require.NoError(t, err1)
+				err2 = rs.DeselectRoutes(tt.routesToDeselect, allRoutes)
+				require.NoError(t, err2)
+			} else {
+				err1 = rs.DeselectRoutes(tt.routesToDeselect, allRoutes)
+				require.NoError(t, err1)
+				err2 = rs.SelectRoutes(tt.routesToSelect, tt.selectAppend, allRoutes)
+				require.NoError(t, err2)
+			}
+
+			for _, r := range allRoutes {
+				assert.Equal(t, slices.Contains(tt.wantSelectedFinal, r), rs.IsSelected(r), "Route %s final state mismatch", r)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRouteSelector_AfterDeselectAll(t *testing.T) {
+	allRoutes := []route.NetID{"route1", "route2", "route3"}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		initialAction func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error
+		secondAction  func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error
+		wantSelected  []route.NetID
+		wantError     bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "Deselect all -> select specific routes",
+			initialAction: func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+				rs.DeselectAllRoutes()
+				return nil
+			},
+			secondAction: func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+				return rs.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"route1", "route2"}, false, allRoutes)
+			},
+			wantSelected: []route.NetID{"route1", "route2"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Deselect all -> select with append",
+			initialAction: func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+				rs.DeselectAllRoutes()
+				return nil
+			},
+			secondAction: func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+				return rs.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"route1"}, true, allRoutes)
+			},
+			wantSelected: []route.NetID{"route1"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Deselect all -> deselect specific",
+			initialAction: func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+				rs.DeselectAllRoutes()
+				return nil
+			},
+			secondAction: func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+				return rs.DeselectRoutes([]route.NetID{"route1"}, allRoutes)
+			},
+			wantSelected: []route.NetID{},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Deselect all -> select all",
+			initialAction: func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+				rs.DeselectAllRoutes()
+				return nil
+			},
+			secondAction: func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+				rs.SelectAllRoutes()
+				return nil
+			},
+			wantSelected: []route.NetID{"route1", "route2", "route3"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Deselect all -> deselect non-existent route",
+			initialAction: func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+				rs.DeselectAllRoutes()
+				return nil
+			},
+			secondAction: func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+				return rs.DeselectRoutes([]route.NetID{"route4"}, allRoutes)
+			},
+			wantSelected: []route.NetID{},
+			wantError:    false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Select specific -> deselect all -> select different",
+			initialAction: func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+				err := rs.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"route1"}, false, allRoutes)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				rs.DeselectAllRoutes()
+				return nil
+			},
+			secondAction: func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+				return rs.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"route2", "route3"}, false, allRoutes)
+			},
+			wantSelected: []route.NetID{"route2", "route3"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			rs := routeselector.NewRouteSelector()
+
+			err := tt.initialAction(rs)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			err = tt.secondAction(rs)
+			if tt.wantError {
+				assert.Error(t, err)
+			} else {
+				assert.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+
+			for _, id := range allRoutes {
+				expected := slices.Contains(tt.wantSelected, id)
+				assert.Equal(t, expected, rs.IsSelected(id),
+					"Route %s selection state incorrect, expected %v", id, expected)
+			}
+
+			routes := route.HAMap{
+				"route1|10.0.0.0/8":     {},
+				"route2|192.168.0.0/16": {},
+				"route3|172.16.0.0/12":  {},
+			}
+
+			filtered := rs.FilterSelected(routes)
+			assert.Equal(t, len(tt.wantSelected), len(filtered),
+				"FilterSelected returned wrong number of routes")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRouteSelector_ComplexScenarios(t *testing.T) {
+	allRoutes := []route.NetID{"route1", "route2", "route3", "route4"}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		actions      []func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error
+		wantSelected []route.NetID
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "Select all -> deselect specific -> select different with append",
+			actions: []func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error{
+				func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+					rs.SelectAllRoutes()
+					return nil
+				},
+				func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+					return rs.DeselectRoutes([]route.NetID{"route1", "route2"}, allRoutes)
+				},
+				func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+					return rs.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"route1"}, true, allRoutes)
+				},
+			},
+			wantSelected: []route.NetID{"route1", "route3", "route4"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Deselect all -> select specific -> deselect one -> select different with append",
+			actions: []func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error{
+				func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+					rs.DeselectAllRoutes()
+					return nil
+				},
+				func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+					return rs.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"route1", "route2"}, false, allRoutes)
+				},
+				func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+					return rs.DeselectRoutes([]route.NetID{"route2"}, allRoutes)
+				},
+				func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+					return rs.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"route3"}, true, allRoutes)
+				},
+			},
+			wantSelected: []route.NetID{"route1", "route3"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Select specific -> deselect specific -> select all -> deselect different",
+			actions: []func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error{
+				func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+					return rs.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"route1", "route2"}, false, allRoutes)
+				},
+				func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+					return rs.DeselectRoutes([]route.NetID{"route2"}, allRoutes)
+				},
+				func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+					rs.SelectAllRoutes()
+					return nil
+				},
+				func(rs *routeselector.RouteSelector) error {
+					return rs.DeselectRoutes([]route.NetID{"route3", "route4"}, allRoutes)
+				},
+			},
+			wantSelected: []route.NetID{"route1", "route2"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			rs := routeselector.NewRouteSelector()
+
+			for i, action := range tt.actions {
+				err := action(rs)
+				require.NoError(t, err, "Action %d failed", i)
+			}
+
+			for _, id := range allRoutes {
+				expected := slices.Contains(tt.wantSelected, id)
+				assert.Equal(t, expected, rs.IsSelected(id),
+					"Route %s selection state incorrect", id)
+			}
+
+			routes := route.HAMap{
+				"route1|10.0.0.0/8":     {},
+				"route2|192.168.0.0/16": {},
+				"route3|172.16.0.0/12":  {},
+				"route4|10.10.0.0/16":   {},
+			}
+
+			filtered := rs.FilterSelected(routes)
+			assert.Equal(t, len(tt.wantSelected), len(filtered),
+				"FilterSelected returned wrong number of routes")
+		})
+	}
+}

client/proto/daemon_grpc.pb.go

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go-grpc. DO NOT EDIT.
+// versions:
+// - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.5.1
+// - protoc             (unknown)
+// source: daemon/daemon.proto
 
 package proto
 
@@ -11,8 +15,31 @@ import (
 
 // This is a compile-time assertion to ensure that this generated file
 // is compatible with the grpc package it is being compiled against.
-// Requires gRPC-Go v1.32.0 or later.
+// Requires gRPC-Go v1.64.0 or later.
-const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion7
+const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion9
+
+const (
+	DaemonService_Login_FullMethodName                    = "/daemon.DaemonService/Login"
+	DaemonService_WaitSSOLogin_FullMethodName             = "/daemon.DaemonService/WaitSSOLogin"
+	DaemonService_Up_FullMethodName                       = "/daemon.DaemonService/Up"
+	DaemonService_Status_FullMethodName                   = "/daemon.DaemonService/Status"
+	DaemonService_Down_FullMethodName                     = "/daemon.DaemonService/Down"
+	DaemonService_GetConfig_FullMethodName                = "/daemon.DaemonService/GetConfig"
+	DaemonService_ListNetworks_FullMethodName             = "/daemon.DaemonService/ListNetworks"
+	DaemonService_SelectNetworks_FullMethodName           = "/daemon.DaemonService/SelectNetworks"
+	DaemonService_DeselectNetworks_FullMethodName         = "/daemon.DaemonService/DeselectNetworks"
+	DaemonService_ForwardingRules_FullMethodName          = "/daemon.DaemonService/ForwardingRules"
+	DaemonService_DebugBundle_FullMethodName              = "/daemon.DaemonService/DebugBundle"
+	DaemonService_GetLogLevel_FullMethodName              = "/daemon.DaemonService/GetLogLevel"
+	DaemonService_SetLogLevel_FullMethodName              = "/daemon.DaemonService/SetLogLevel"
+	DaemonService_ListStates_FullMethodName               = "/daemon.DaemonService/ListStates"
+	DaemonService_CleanState_FullMethodName               = "/daemon.DaemonService/CleanState"
+	DaemonService_DeleteState_FullMethodName              = "/daemon.DaemonService/DeleteState"
+	DaemonService_SetNetworkMapPersistence_FullMethodName = "/daemon.DaemonService/SetNetworkMapPersistence"
+	DaemonService_TracePacket_FullMethodName              = "/daemon.DaemonService/TracePacket"
+	DaemonService_SubscribeEvents_FullMethodName          = "/daemon.DaemonService/SubscribeEvents"
+	DaemonService_GetEvents_FullMethodName                = "/daemon.DaemonService/GetEvents"
+)
 
 // DaemonServiceClient is the client API for DaemonService service.
 //
@@ -53,7 +80,7 @@ type DaemonServiceClient interface {
 	// SetNetworkMapPersistence enables or disables network map persistence
 	SetNetworkMapPersistence(ctx context.Context, in *SetNetworkMapPersistenceRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SetNetworkMapPersistenceResponse, error)
 	TracePacket(ctx context.Context, in *TracePacketRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*TracePacketResponse, error)
-	SubscribeEvents(ctx context.Context, in *SubscribeRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (DaemonService_SubscribeEventsClient, error)
+	SubscribeEvents(ctx context.Context, in *SubscribeRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.ServerStreamingClient[SystemEvent], error)
 	GetEvents(ctx context.Context, in *GetEventsRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetEventsResponse, error)
 }
 
@@ -66,8 +93,9 @@ func NewDaemonServiceClient(cc grpc.ClientConnInterface) DaemonServiceClient {
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) Login(ctx context.Context, in *LoginRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*LoginResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(LoginResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/Login", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_Login_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -75,8 +103,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) Login(ctx context.Context, in *LoginRequest, opts
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) WaitSSOLogin(ctx context.Context, in *WaitSSOLoginRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*WaitSSOLoginResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(WaitSSOLoginResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/WaitSSOLogin", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_WaitSSOLogin_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -84,8 +113,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) WaitSSOLogin(ctx context.Context, in *WaitSSOLogin
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) Up(ctx context.Context, in *UpRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*UpResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(UpResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/Up", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_Up_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -93,8 +123,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) Up(ctx context.Context, in *UpRequest, opts ...grp
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) Status(ctx context.Context, in *StatusRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*StatusResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(StatusResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/Status", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_Status_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -102,8 +133,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) Status(ctx context.Context, in *StatusRequest, opt
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) Down(ctx context.Context, in *DownRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*DownResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(DownResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/Down", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_Down_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -111,8 +143,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) Down(ctx context.Context, in *DownRequest, opts ..
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) GetConfig(ctx context.Context, in *GetConfigRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetConfigResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(GetConfigResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetConfig", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_GetConfig_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -120,8 +153,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) GetConfig(ctx context.Context, in *GetConfigReques
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) ListNetworks(ctx context.Context, in *ListNetworksRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListNetworksResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(ListNetworksResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/ListNetworks", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_ListNetworks_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -129,8 +163,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) ListNetworks(ctx context.Context, in *ListNetworks
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) SelectNetworks(ctx context.Context, in *SelectNetworksRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SelectNetworksResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(SelectNetworksResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/SelectNetworks", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_SelectNetworks_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -138,8 +173,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) SelectNetworks(ctx context.Context, in *SelectNetw
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) DeselectNetworks(ctx context.Context, in *SelectNetworksRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SelectNetworksResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(SelectNetworksResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/DeselectNetworks", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_DeselectNetworks_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -147,8 +183,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) DeselectNetworks(ctx context.Context, in *SelectNe
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) ForwardingRules(ctx context.Context, in *EmptyRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ForwardingRulesResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(ForwardingRulesResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/ForwardingRules", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_ForwardingRules_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -156,8 +193,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) ForwardingRules(ctx context.Context, in *EmptyRequ
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) DebugBundle(ctx context.Context, in *DebugBundleRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*DebugBundleResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(DebugBundleResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/DebugBundle", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_DebugBundle_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -165,8 +203,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) DebugBundle(ctx context.Context, in *DebugBundleRe
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) GetLogLevel(ctx context.Context, in *GetLogLevelRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetLogLevelResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(GetLogLevelResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetLogLevel", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_GetLogLevel_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -174,8 +213,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) GetLogLevel(ctx context.Context, in *GetLogLevelRe
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) SetLogLevel(ctx context.Context, in *SetLogLevelRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SetLogLevelResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(SetLogLevelResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/SetLogLevel", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_SetLogLevel_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -183,8 +223,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) SetLogLevel(ctx context.Context, in *SetLogLevelRe
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) ListStates(ctx context.Context, in *ListStatesRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListStatesResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(ListStatesResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/ListStates", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_ListStates_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -192,8 +233,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) ListStates(ctx context.Context, in *ListStatesRequ
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) CleanState(ctx context.Context, in *CleanStateRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*CleanStateResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(CleanStateResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/CleanState", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_CleanState_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -201,8 +243,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) CleanState(ctx context.Context, in *CleanStateRequ
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) DeleteState(ctx context.Context, in *DeleteStateRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*DeleteStateResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(DeleteStateResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/DeleteState", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_DeleteState_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -210,8 +253,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) DeleteState(ctx context.Context, in *DeleteStateRe
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) SetNetworkMapPersistence(ctx context.Context, in *SetNetworkMapPersistenceRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SetNetworkMapPersistenceResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(SetNetworkMapPersistenceResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/SetNetworkMapPersistence", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_SetNetworkMapPersistence_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -219,20 +263,22 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) SetNetworkMapPersistence(ctx context.Context, in *
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) TracePacket(ctx context.Context, in *TracePacketRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*TracePacketResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(TracePacketResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/TracePacket", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_TracePacket_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return out, nil
 }
 
-func (c *daemonServiceClient) SubscribeEvents(ctx context.Context, in *SubscribeRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (DaemonService_SubscribeEventsClient, error) {
+func (c *daemonServiceClient) SubscribeEvents(ctx context.Context, in *SubscribeRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.ServerStreamingClient[SystemEvent], error) {
-	stream, err := c.cc.NewStream(ctx, &DaemonService_ServiceDesc.Streams[0], "/daemon.DaemonService/SubscribeEvents", opts...)
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	stream, err := c.cc.NewStream(ctx, &DaemonService_ServiceDesc.Streams[0], DaemonService_SubscribeEvents_FullMethodName, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	x := &daemonServiceSubscribeEventsClient{stream}
+	x := &grpc.GenericClientStream[SubscribeRequest, SystemEvent]{ClientStream: stream}
 	if err := x.ClientStream.SendMsg(in); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -242,26 +288,13 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) SubscribeEvents(ctx context.Context, in *Subscribe
 	return x, nil
 }
 
-type DaemonService_SubscribeEventsClient interface {
+// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
-	Recv() (*SystemEvent, error)
+type DaemonService_SubscribeEventsClient = grpc.ServerStreamingClient[SystemEvent]
-	grpc.ClientStream
-}
-
-type daemonServiceSubscribeEventsClient struct {
-	grpc.ClientStream
-}
-
-func (x *daemonServiceSubscribeEventsClient) Recv() (*SystemEvent, error) {
-	m := new(SystemEvent)
-	if err := x.ClientStream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return m, nil
-}
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) GetEvents(ctx context.Context, in *GetEventsRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetEventsResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(GetEventsResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetEvents", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_GetEvents_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -270,7 +303,7 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) GetEvents(ctx context.Context, in *GetEventsReques
 
 // DaemonServiceServer is the server API for DaemonService service.
 // All implementations must embed UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer
-// for forward compatibility
+// for forward compatibility.
 type DaemonServiceServer interface {
 	// Login uses setup key to prepare configuration for the daemon.
 	Login(context.Context, *LoginRequest) (*LoginResponse, error)
@@ -307,14 +340,17 @@ type DaemonServiceServer interface {
 	// SetNetworkMapPersistence enables or disables network map persistence
 	SetNetworkMapPersistence(context.Context, *SetNetworkMapPersistenceRequest) (*SetNetworkMapPersistenceResponse, error)
 	TracePacket(context.Context, *TracePacketRequest) (*TracePacketResponse, error)
-	SubscribeEvents(*SubscribeRequest, DaemonService_SubscribeEventsServer) error
+	SubscribeEvents(*SubscribeRequest, grpc.ServerStreamingServer[SystemEvent]) error
 	GetEvents(context.Context, *GetEventsRequest) (*GetEventsResponse, error)
 	mustEmbedUnimplementedDaemonServiceServer()
 }
 
-// UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer must be embedded to have forward compatible implementations.
+// UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer must be embedded to have
-type UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer struct {
+// forward compatible implementations.
-}
+//
+// NOTE: this should be embedded by value instead of pointer to avoid a nil
+// pointer dereference when methods are called.
+type UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer struct{}
 
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) Login(context.Context, *LoginRequest) (*LoginResponse, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method Login not implemented")
@@ -370,13 +406,14 @@ func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) SetNetworkMapPersistence(context.Context
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) TracePacket(context.Context, *TracePacketRequest) (*TracePacketResponse, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method TracePacket not implemented")
 }
-func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) SubscribeEvents(*SubscribeRequest, DaemonService_SubscribeEventsServer) error {
+func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) SubscribeEvents(*SubscribeRequest, grpc.ServerStreamingServer[SystemEvent]) error {
 	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method SubscribeEvents not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) GetEvents(context.Context, *GetEventsRequest) (*GetEventsResponse, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetEvents not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) mustEmbedUnimplementedDaemonServiceServer() {}
+func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) testEmbeddedByValue()                       {}
 
 // UnsafeDaemonServiceServer may be embedded to opt out of forward compatibility for this service.
 // Use of this interface is not recommended, as added methods to DaemonServiceServer will
@@ -386,6 +423,13 @@ type UnsafeDaemonServiceServer interface {
 }
 
 func RegisterDaemonServiceServer(s grpc.ServiceRegistrar, srv DaemonServiceServer) {
+	// If the following call pancis, it indicates UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer was
+	// embedded by pointer and is nil.  This will cause panics if an
+	// unimplemented method is ever invoked, so we test this at initialization
+	// time to prevent it from happening at runtime later due to I/O.
+	if t, ok := srv.(interface{ testEmbeddedByValue() }); ok {
+		t.testEmbeddedByValue()
+	}
 	s.RegisterService(&DaemonService_ServiceDesc, srv)
 }
 
@@ -399,7 +443,7 @@ func _DaemonService_Login_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/Login",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_Login_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).Login(ctx, req.(*LoginRequest))
@@ -417,7 +461,7 @@ func _DaemonService_WaitSSOLogin_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, d
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/WaitSSOLogin",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_WaitSSOLogin_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).WaitSSOLogin(ctx, req.(*WaitSSOLoginRequest))
@@ -435,7 +479,7 @@ func _DaemonService_Up_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(in
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/Up",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_Up_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).Up(ctx, req.(*UpRequest))
@@ -453,7 +497,7 @@ func _DaemonService_Status_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec fun
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/Status",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_Status_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).Status(ctx, req.(*StatusRequest))
@@ -471,7 +515,7 @@ func _DaemonService_Down_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/Down",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_Down_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).Down(ctx, req.(*DownRequest))
@@ -489,7 +533,7 @@ func _DaemonService_GetConfig_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/GetConfig",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_GetConfig_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).GetConfig(ctx, req.(*GetConfigRequest))
@@ -507,7 +551,7 @@ func _DaemonService_ListNetworks_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, d
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/ListNetworks",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_ListNetworks_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).ListNetworks(ctx, req.(*ListNetworksRequest))
@@ -525,7 +569,7 @@ func _DaemonService_SelectNetworks_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context,
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/SelectNetworks",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_SelectNetworks_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).SelectNetworks(ctx, req.(*SelectNetworksRequest))
@@ -543,7 +587,7 @@ func _DaemonService_DeselectNetworks_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Contex
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/DeselectNetworks",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_DeselectNetworks_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).DeselectNetworks(ctx, req.(*SelectNetworksRequest))
@@ -561,7 +605,7 @@ func _DaemonService_ForwardingRules_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/ForwardingRules",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_ForwardingRules_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).ForwardingRules(ctx, req.(*EmptyRequest))
@@ -579,7 +623,7 @@ func _DaemonService_DebugBundle_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, de
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/DebugBundle",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_DebugBundle_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).DebugBundle(ctx, req.(*DebugBundleRequest))
@@ -597,7 +641,7 @@ func _DaemonService_GetLogLevel_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, de
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/GetLogLevel",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_GetLogLevel_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).GetLogLevel(ctx, req.(*GetLogLevelRequest))
@@ -615,7 +659,7 @@ func _DaemonService_SetLogLevel_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, de
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/SetLogLevel",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_SetLogLevel_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).SetLogLevel(ctx, req.(*SetLogLevelRequest))
@@ -633,7 +677,7 @@ func _DaemonService_ListStates_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/ListStates",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_ListStates_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).ListStates(ctx, req.(*ListStatesRequest))
@@ -651,7 +695,7 @@ func _DaemonService_CleanState_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/CleanState",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_CleanState_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).CleanState(ctx, req.(*CleanStateRequest))
@@ -669,7 +713,7 @@ func _DaemonService_DeleteState_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, de
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/DeleteState",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_DeleteState_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).DeleteState(ctx, req.(*DeleteStateRequest))
@@ -687,7 +731,7 @@ func _DaemonService_SetNetworkMapPersistence_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx contex
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/SetNetworkMapPersistence",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_SetNetworkMapPersistence_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).SetNetworkMapPersistence(ctx, req.(*SetNetworkMapPersistenceRequest))
@@ -705,7 +749,7 @@ func _DaemonService_TracePacket_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, de
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/TracePacket",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_TracePacket_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).TracePacket(ctx, req.(*TracePacketRequest))
@@ -718,21 +762,11 @@ func _DaemonService_SubscribeEvents_Handler(srv interface{}, stream grpc.ServerS
 	if err := stream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).SubscribeEvents(m, &daemonServiceSubscribeEventsServer{stream})
+	return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).SubscribeEvents(m, &grpc.GenericServerStream[SubscribeRequest, SystemEvent]{ServerStream: stream})
 }
 
-type DaemonService_SubscribeEventsServer interface {
+// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
-	Send(*SystemEvent) error
+type DaemonService_SubscribeEventsServer = grpc.ServerStreamingServer[SystemEvent]
-	grpc.ServerStream
-}
-
-type daemonServiceSubscribeEventsServer struct {
-	grpc.ServerStream
-}
-
-func (x *daemonServiceSubscribeEventsServer) Send(m *SystemEvent) error {
-	return x.ServerStream.SendMsg(m)
-}
 
 func _DaemonService_GetEvents_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
 	in := new(GetEventsRequest)
@@ -744,7 +778,7 @@ func _DaemonService_GetEvents_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/GetEvents",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_GetEvents_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).GetEvents(ctx, req.(*GetEventsRequest))
@@ -843,5 +877,5 @@ var DaemonService_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			ServerStreams: true,
 		},
 	},
-	Metadata: "daemon.proto",
+	Metadata: "daemon/daemon.proto",
 }

client/proto/generate.sh

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-set -e
-
-if ! which realpath > /dev/null 2>&1
-then
-  echo realpath is not installed
-  echo run: brew install coreutils
-  exit 1
-fi
-
-old_pwd=$(pwd)
-script_path=$(dirname $(realpath "$0"))
-cd "$script_path"
-go install google.golang.org/protobuf/cmd/protoc-gen-go@v1.26
-go install google.golang.org/grpc/cmd/protoc-gen-go-grpc@v1.1
-protoc -I ./ ./daemon.proto --go_out=../ --go-grpc_out=../ --experimental_allow_proto3_optional
-cd "$old_pwd"