Add logging around routes

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>

client/grpc/dialer.go

@@ -4,12 +4,15 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"crypto/x509"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"runtime"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/connectivity"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
@@ -17,6 +20,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/embeddedroots"
 )
 
+// ErrConnectionShutdown indicates that the connection entered shutdown state before becoming ready
+var ErrConnectionShutdown = errors.New("connection shutdown before ready")
+
 // Backoff returns a backoff configuration for gRPC calls
 func Backoff(ctx context.Context) backoff.BackOff {
 	b := backoff.NewExponentialBackOff()
@@ -25,6 +31,26 @@ func Backoff(ctx context.Context) backoff.BackOff {
 	return backoff.WithContext(b, ctx)
 }
 
+// waitForConnectionReady blocks until the connection becomes ready or fails.
+// Returns an error if the connection times out, is cancelled, or enters shutdown state.
+func waitForConnectionReady(ctx context.Context, conn *grpc.ClientConn) error {
+	conn.Connect()
+
+	state := conn.GetState()
+	for state != connectivity.Ready && state != connectivity.Shutdown {
+		if !conn.WaitForStateChange(ctx, state) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("wait state change from %s: %w", state, ctx.Err())
+		}
+		state = conn.GetState()
+	}
+
+	if state == connectivity.Shutdown {
+		return ErrConnectionShutdown
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // CreateConnection creates a gRPC client connection with the appropriate transport options.
 // The component parameter specifies the WebSocket proxy component path (e.g., "/management", "/signal").
 func CreateConnection(ctx context.Context, addr string, tlsEnabled bool, component string) (*grpc.ClientConn, error) {
@@ -42,22 +68,24 @@ func CreateConnection(ctx context.Context, addr string, tlsEnabled bool, compone
 		}))
 	}
 
-	connCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(
-	defer cancel()
-
-	conn, err := grpc.DialContext(
-		connCtx,
 		addr,
 		transportOption,
 		WithCustomDialer(tlsEnabled, component),
-		grpc.WithBlock(),
 		grpc.WithKeepaliveParams(keepalive.ClientParameters{
 			Time:    30 * time.Second,
 			Timeout: 10 * time.Second,
 		}),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("DialContext error: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("new client: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if err := waitForConnectionReady(ctx, conn); err != nil {
+		_ = conn.Close()
 		return nil, err
 	}
 

client/grpc/dialer_generic.go

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import (
 	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
 )
 
-func WithCustomDialer(tlsEnabled bool, component string) grpc.DialOption {
+func WithCustomDialer(_ bool, _ string) grpc.DialOption {
 	return grpc.WithContextDialer(func(ctx context.Context, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
 		if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
 			currentUser, err := user.Current()
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ func WithCustomDialer(tlsEnabled bool, component string) grpc.DialOption {
 
 		conn, err := nbnet.NewDialer().DialContext(ctx, "tcp", addr)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("Failed to dial: %s", err)
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("nbnet.NewDialer().DialContext: %w", err)
 		}
 		return conn, nil

client/internal/connect.go

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/stdnet"
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
 	cProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
@@ -34,7 +35,6 @@ import (
 	relayClient "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client"
 	signal "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/client"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
-	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
 )
 
@@ -289,15 +289,18 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) run(mobileDependency MobileDependency, runningChan chan
 		}
 
 		<-engineCtx.Done()
+
 		c.engineMutex.Lock()
-		if c.engine != nil && c.engine.wgInterface != nil {
+		engine := c.engine
-			log.Infof("ensuring %s is removed, Netbird engine context cancelled", c.engine.wgInterface.Name())
+		c.engine = nil
-			if err := c.engine.Stop(); err != nil {
+		c.engineMutex.Unlock()
+
+		if engine != nil && engine.wgInterface != nil {
+			log.Infof("ensuring %s is removed, Netbird engine context cancelled", engine.wgInterface.Name())
+			if err := engine.Stop(); err != nil {
 				log.Errorf("Failed to stop engine: %v", err)
 			}
-			c.engine = nil
 		}
-		c.engineMutex.Unlock()
 		c.statusRecorder.ClientTeardown()
 
 		backOff.Reset()
@@ -382,19 +385,12 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) Status() StatusType {
 }
 
 func (c *ConnectClient) Stop() error {
-	if c == nil {
+	engine := c.Engine()
-		return nil
+	if engine != nil {
+		if err := engine.Stop(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("stop engine: %w", err)
+		}
 	}
-	c.engineMutex.Lock()
-	defer c.engineMutex.Unlock()
-
-	if c.engine == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if err := c.engine.Stop(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("stop engine: %w", err)
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 

client/internal/dns/server.go

@@ -65,8 +65,9 @@ type hostManagerWithOriginalNS interface {
 
 // DefaultServer dns server object
 type DefaultServer struct {
-	ctx       context.Context
+	ctx        context.Context
-	ctxCancel context.CancelFunc
+	ctxCancel  context.CancelFunc
+	shutdownWg sync.WaitGroup
 	// disableSys disables system DNS management (e.g., /etc/resolv.conf updates) while keeping the DNS service running.
 	// This is different from ServiceEnable=false from management which completely disables the DNS service.
 	disableSys         bool
@@ -318,6 +319,7 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) DnsIP() netip.Addr {
 // Stop stops the server
 func (s *DefaultServer) Stop() {
 	s.ctxCancel()
+	s.shutdownWg.Wait()
 
 	s.mux.Lock()
 	defer s.mux.Unlock()
@@ -507,8 +509,9 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) applyConfiguration(update nbdns.Config) error {
 
 	s.applyHostConfig()
 
+	s.shutdownWg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
-		// persist dns state right away
+		defer s.shutdownWg.Done()
 		if err := s.stateManager.PersistState(s.ctx); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("Failed to persist dns state: %v", err)
 		}

client/internal/engine.go

@@ -200,8 +200,10 @@ type Engine struct {
 	flowManager         nftypes.FlowManager
 
 	// WireGuard interface monitor
-	wgIfaceMonitor   *WGIfaceMonitor
+	wgIfaceMonitor *WGIfaceMonitor
-	wgIfaceMonitorWg sync.WaitGroup
+
+	// shutdownWg tracks all long-running goroutines to ensure clean shutdown
+	shutdownWg sync.WaitGroup
 
 	// dns forwarder port
 	dnsFwdPort uint16
@@ -326,10 +328,6 @@ func (e *Engine) Stop() error {
 		e.cancel()
 	}
 
-	// very ugly but we want to remove peers from the WireGuard interface first before removing interface.
-	// Removing peers happens in the conn.Close() asynchronously
-	time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
-
 	e.close()
 
 	// stop flow manager after wg interface is gone
@@ -337,8 +335,6 @@ func (e *Engine) Stop() error {
 		e.flowManager.Close()
 	}
 
-	log.Infof("stopped Netbird Engine")
-
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
 
@@ -349,12 +345,52 @@ func (e *Engine) Stop() error {
 		log.Errorf("failed to persist state: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	// Stop WireGuard interface monitor and wait for it to exit
+	timeout := e.calculateShutdownTimeout()
-	e.wgIfaceMonitorWg.Wait()
+	log.Debugf("waiting for goroutines to finish with timeout: %v", timeout)
+	shutdownCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), timeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if err := waitWithContext(shutdownCtx, &e.shutdownWg); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("shutdown timeout exceeded after %v, some goroutines may still be running", timeout)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("stopped Netbird Engine")
 
 	return nil
 }
 
+// calculateShutdownTimeout returns shutdown timeout: 10s base + 100ms per peer, capped at 30s.
+func (e *Engine) calculateShutdownTimeout() time.Duration {
+	peerCount := len(e.peerStore.PeersPubKey())
+
+	baseTimeout := 10 * time.Second
+	perPeerTimeout := time.Duration(peerCount) * 100 * time.Millisecond
+	timeout := baseTimeout + perPeerTimeout
+
+	maxTimeout := 30 * time.Second
+	if timeout > maxTimeout {
+		timeout = maxTimeout
+	}
+
+	return timeout
+}
+
+// waitWithContext waits for WaitGroup with timeout, returns ctx.Err() on timeout.
+func waitWithContext(ctx context.Context, wg *sync.WaitGroup) error {
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		wg.Wait()
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+		return nil
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	}
+}
+
 // Start creates a new WireGuard tunnel interface and listens to events from Signal and Management services
 // Connections to remote peers are not established here.
 // However, they will be established once an event with a list of peers to connect to will be received from Management Service
@@ -484,14 +520,14 @@ func (e *Engine) Start(netbirdConfig *mgmProto.NetbirdConfig, mgmtURL *url.URL)
 
 	// monitor WireGuard interface lifecycle and restart engine on changes
 	e.wgIfaceMonitor = NewWGIfaceMonitor()
-	e.wgIfaceMonitorWg.Add(1)
+	e.shutdownWg.Add(1)
 
 	go func() {
-		defer e.wgIfaceMonitorWg.Done()
+		defer e.shutdownWg.Done()
 
 		if shouldRestart, err := e.wgIfaceMonitor.Start(e.ctx, e.wgInterface.Name()); shouldRestart {
 			log.Infof("WireGuard interface monitor: %s, restarting engine", err)
-			e.restartEngine()
+			e.triggerClientRestart()
 		} else if err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("WireGuard interface monitor: %s", err)
 		}
@@ -892,7 +928,9 @@ func (e *Engine) updateSSH(sshConf *mgmProto.SSHConfig) error {
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("create ssh server: %w", err)
 			}
+			e.shutdownWg.Add(1)
 			go func() {
+				defer e.shutdownWg.Done()
 				// blocking
 				err = e.sshServer.Start()
 				if err != nil {
@@ -950,7 +988,9 @@ func (e *Engine) updateConfig(conf *mgmProto.PeerConfig) error {
 // receiveManagementEvents connects to the Management Service event stream to receive updates from the management service
 // E.g. when a new peer has been registered and we are allowed to connect to it.
 func (e *Engine) receiveManagementEvents() {
+	e.shutdownWg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
+		defer e.shutdownWg.Done()
 		info, err := system.GetInfoWithChecks(e.ctx, e.checks)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("failed to get system info with checks: %v", err)
@@ -1368,7 +1408,9 @@ func (e *Engine) createPeerConn(pubKey string, allowedIPs []netip.Prefix, agentV
 
 // receiveSignalEvents connects to the Signal Service event stream to negotiate connection with remote peers
 func (e *Engine) receiveSignalEvents() {
+	e.shutdownWg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
+		defer e.shutdownWg.Done()
 		// connect to a stream of messages coming from the signal server
 		err := e.signal.Receive(e.ctx, func(msg *sProto.Message) error {
 			e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
@@ -1724,8 +1766,10 @@ func (e *Engine) probeICE(stuns, turns []*stun.URI) []relay.ProbeResult {
 	)
 }
 
-// restartEngine restarts the engine by cancelling the client context
+// triggerClientRestart triggers a full client restart by cancelling the client context.
-func (e *Engine) restartEngine() {
+// Note: This does NOT just restart the engine - it cancels the entire client context,
+// which causes the connect client's retry loop to create a completely new engine.
+func (e *Engine) triggerClientRestart() {
 	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
 	defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
 
@@ -1747,7 +1791,9 @@ func (e *Engine) startNetworkMonitor() {
 	}
 
 	e.networkMonitor = networkmonitor.New()
+	e.shutdownWg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
+		defer e.shutdownWg.Done()
 		if err := e.networkMonitor.Listen(e.ctx); err != nil {
 			if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
 				log.Infof("network monitor stopped")
@@ -1757,8 +1803,8 @@ func (e *Engine) startNetworkMonitor() {
 			return
 		}
 
-		log.Infof("Network monitor: detected network change, restarting engine")
+		log.Infof("Network monitor: detected network change, triggering client restart")
-		e.restartEngine()
+		e.triggerClientRestart()
 	}()
 }
 

client/internal/netflow/manager.go

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 // Manager handles netflow tracking and logging
 type Manager struct {
 	mux            sync.Mutex
+	shutdownWg     sync.WaitGroup
 	logger         nftypes.FlowLogger
 	flowConfig     *nftypes.FlowConfig
 	conntrack      nftypes.ConnTracker
@@ -105,8 +106,15 @@ func (m *Manager) resetClient() error {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	m.cancel = cancel
 
-	go m.receiveACKs(ctx, flowClient)
+	m.shutdownWg.Add(2)
-	go m.startSender(ctx)
+	go func() {
+		defer m.shutdownWg.Done()
+		m.receiveACKs(ctx, flowClient)
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		defer m.shutdownWg.Done()
+		m.startSender(ctx)
+	}()
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -176,11 +184,12 @@ func (m *Manager) Update(update *nftypes.FlowConfig) error {
 // Close cleans up all resources
 func (m *Manager) Close() {
 	m.mux.Lock()
-	defer m.mux.Unlock()
-
 	if err := m.disableFlow(); err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("failed to disable flow manager: %v", err)
 	}
+	m.mux.Unlock()
+
+	m.shutdownWg.Wait()
 }
 
 // GetLogger returns the flow logger

client/internal/networkmonitor/check_change_bsd.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build (darwin && !ios) || dragonfly || freebsd || netbsd || openbsd
+//go:build dragonfly || freebsd || netbsd || openbsd
 
 package networkmonitor
 

client/internal/networkmonitor/check_change_darwin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+//go:build darwin && !ios
+
+package networkmonitor
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"hash/fnv"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os/exec"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/net/route"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/systemops"
+)
+
+// todo: refactor to not use static functions
+
+func checkChange(ctx context.Context, nexthopv4, nexthopv6 systemops.Nexthop) error {
+	fd, err := unix.Socket(syscall.AF_ROUTE, syscall.SOCK_RAW, syscall.AF_UNSPEC)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("open routing socket: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		err := unix.Close(fd)
+		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, unix.EBADF) {
+			log.Warnf("Network monitor: failed to close routing socket: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	routeChanged := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		routeCheck(ctx, fd, nexthopv4, nexthopv6)
+		close(routeChanged)
+	}()
+
+	wakeUp := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		wakeUpListen(ctx)
+		close(wakeUp)
+	}()
+
+	gatewayChanged := make(chan string)
+	go func() {
+		gatewayPoll(ctx, nexthopv4, nexthopv6, gatewayChanged)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	case <-routeChanged:
+		log.Infof("route change detected via routing socket")
+		return nil
+	case <-wakeUp:
+		log.Infof("wakeup detected via sleep hash change")
+		return nil
+	case reason := <-gatewayChanged:
+		log.Infof("gateway change detected via polling: %s", reason)
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func routeCheck(ctx context.Context, fd int, nexthopv4 systemops.Nexthop, nexthopv6 systemops.Nexthop) {
+	for {
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return
+		}
+
+		buf := make([]byte, 2048)
+		n, err := unix.Read(fd, buf)
+		if err != nil {
+			if !errors.Is(err, unix.EBADF) && !errors.Is(err, unix.EINVAL) {
+				log.Warnf("Network monitor: failed to read from routing socket: %v", err)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if n < unix.SizeofRtMsghdr {
+			log.Debugf("Network monitor: read from routing socket returned less than expected: %d bytes", n)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		msg := (*unix.RtMsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[0]))
+
+		switch msg.Type {
+		// handle route changes
+		case unix.RTM_ADD, syscall.RTM_DELETE:
+			route, err := parseRouteMessage(buf[:n])
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Debugf("Network monitor: error parsing routing message: %v", err)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if route.Dst.Bits() != 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			intf := "<nil>"
+			if route.Interface != nil {
+				intf = route.Interface.Name
+			}
+			switch msg.Type {
+			case unix.RTM_ADD:
+				log.Infof("Network monitor: default route changed: via %s, interface %s", route.Gw, intf)
+				return
+			case unix.RTM_DELETE:
+				if nexthopv4.Intf != nil && route.Gw.Compare(nexthopv4.IP) == 0 || nexthopv6.Intf != nil && route.Gw.Compare(nexthopv6.IP) == 0 {
+					log.Infof("Network monitor: default route removed: via %s, interface %s", route.Gw, intf)
+					return
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func parseRouteMessage(buf []byte) (*systemops.Route, error) {
+	msgs, err := route.ParseRIB(route.RIBTypeRoute, buf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse RIB: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(msgs) != 1 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected RIB message msgs: %v", msgs)
+	}
+
+	msg, ok := msgs[0].(*route.RouteMessage)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected RIB message type: %T", msgs[0])
+	}
+
+	return systemops.MsgToRoute(msg)
+}
+
+func wakeUpListen(ctx context.Context) {
+	log.Infof("start to watch for system wakeups")
+	var (
+		initialHash uint32
+		err         error
+	)
+
+	// Keep retrying until initial sysctl succeeds or context is canceled
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			log.Info("exit from wakeUpListen initial hash detection due to context cancellation")
+			return
+		default:
+			initialHash, err = readSleepTimeHash()
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed to detect initial sleep time: %v", err)
+				select {
+				case <-ctx.Done():
+					log.Info("exit from wakeUpListen initial hash detection due to context cancellation")
+					return
+				case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+			log.Infof("initial wakeup hash: %d", initialHash)
+			break
+		}
+		break
+	}
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(5 * time.Second)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	lastCheck := time.Now()
+	const maxTickerDrift = 1 * time.Minute
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			log.Info("context canceled, stopping wakeUpListen")
+			return
+
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			now := time.Now()
+			elapsed := now.Sub(lastCheck)
+
+			// If more time passed than expected, system likely slept (informational only)
+			if elapsed > maxTickerDrift {
+				upOut, err := exec.Command("uptime").Output()
+				if err != nil {
+					log.Errorf("failed to run uptime command: %v", err)
+					upOut = []byte("unknown")
+				}
+				log.Infof("Time drift detected (potential wakeup): expected ~5s, actual %s, uptime: %s", elapsed, upOut)
+
+				currentV4, errV4 := systemops.GetNextHop(netip.IPv4Unspecified())
+				currentV6, errV6 := systemops.GetNextHop(netip.IPv6Unspecified())
+				if errV4 == nil {
+					log.Infof("Current IPv4 default gateway: %s via %s", currentV4.IP, currentV4.Intf.Name)
+				} else {
+					log.Debugf("No IPv4 default gateway: %v", errV4)
+				}
+				if errV6 == nil {
+					log.Infof("Current IPv6 default gateway: %s via %s", currentV6.IP, currentV6.Intf.Name)
+				} else {
+					log.Debugf("No IPv6 default gateway: %v", errV6)
+				}
+			}
+
+			newHash, err := readSleepTimeHash()
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed to read sleep time hash: %v", err)
+				lastCheck = now
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if newHash == initialHash {
+				log.Debugf("no wakeup detected (hash unchanged: %d, time drift: %s)", initialHash, elapsed)
+				lastCheck = now
+				continue
+			}
+
+			upOut, err := exec.Command("uptime").Output()
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed to run uptime command: %v", err)
+				upOut = []byte("unknown")
+			}
+			log.Infof("Wakeup detected via hash change: %d -> %d, uptime: %s", initialHash, newHash, upOut)
+
+			currentV4, errV4 := systemops.GetNextHop(netip.IPv4Unspecified())
+			currentV6, errV6 := systemops.GetNextHop(netip.IPv6Unspecified())
+			if errV4 == nil {
+				log.Infof("Current IPv4 default gateway after wakeup: %s via %s", currentV4.IP, currentV4.Intf.Name)
+			} else {
+				log.Debugf("No IPv4 default gateway after wakeup: %v", errV4)
+			}
+			if errV6 == nil {
+				log.Infof("Current IPv6 default gateway after wakeup: %s via %s", currentV6.IP, currentV6.Intf.Name)
+			} else {
+				log.Debugf("No IPv6 default gateway after wakeup: %v", errV6)
+			}
+
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func readSleepTimeHash() (uint32, error) {
+	cmd := exec.Command("sysctl", "kern.sleeptime")
+	out, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to run sysctl: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	h, err := hash(out)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to compute hash: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return h, nil
+}
+
+func hash(data []byte) (uint32, error) {
+	hasher := fnv.New32a()
+	if _, err := hasher.Write(data); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return hasher.Sum32(), nil
+}
+
+// gatewayPoll polls the default gateway every 5 seconds to detect changes that might be missed by routing socket or wake-up detection.
+func gatewayPoll(ctx context.Context, initialV4, initialV6 systemops.Nexthop, changed chan<- string) {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(5 * time.Second)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	log.Infof("Gateway polling started - initial v4: %s via %v, v6: %s via %v",
+		initialV4.IP, initialV4.Intf, initialV6.IP, initialV6.Intf)
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			log.Debug("context canceled, stopping gateway polling")
+			return
+
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			currentV4, errV4 := systemops.GetNextHop(netip.IPv4Unspecified())
+			currentV6, errV6 := systemops.GetNextHop(netip.IPv6Unspecified())
+
+			var reason string
+
+			if errV4 == nil && initialV4.IP.IsValid() {
+				if currentV4.IP.Compare(initialV4.IP) != 0 {
+					reason = fmt.Sprintf("IPv4 gateway changed from %s to %s", initialV4.IP, currentV4.IP)
+					log.Infof("Gateway poll detected change: %s", reason)
+					changed <- reason
+					return
+				}
+				if initialV4.Intf != nil && currentV4.Intf != nil && currentV4.Intf.Name != initialV4.Intf.Name {
+					reason = fmt.Sprintf("IPv4 interface changed from %s to %s", initialV4.Intf.Name, currentV4.Intf.Name)
+					log.Infof("Gateway poll detected change: %s", reason)
+					changed <- reason
+					return
+				}
+			} else if errV4 == nil && !initialV4.IP.IsValid() {
+				reason = "IPv4 gateway appeared"
+				log.Infof("Gateway poll detected change: %s (new: %s)", reason, currentV4.IP)
+				changed <- reason
+				return
+			} else if errV4 != nil && initialV4.IP.IsValid() {
+				reason = "IPv4 gateway disappeared"
+				log.Infof("Gateway poll detected change: %s", reason)
+				changed <- reason
+				return
+			}
+
+			if errV6 == nil && initialV6.IP.IsValid() {
+				if currentV6.IP.Compare(initialV6.IP) != 0 {
+					reason = fmt.Sprintf("IPv6 gateway changed from %s to %s", initialV6.IP, currentV6.IP)
+					log.Infof("Gateway poll detected change: %s", reason)
+					changed <- reason
+					return
+				}
+				if initialV6.Intf != nil && currentV6.Intf != nil && currentV6.Intf.Name != initialV6.Intf.Name {
+					reason = fmt.Sprintf("IPv6 interface changed from %s to %s", initialV6.Intf.Name, currentV6.Intf.Name)
+					log.Infof("Gateway poll detected change: %s", reason)
+					changed <- reason
+					return
+				}
+			} else if errV6 == nil && !initialV6.IP.IsValid() {
+				reason = "IPv6 gateway appeared"
+				log.Infof("Gateway poll detected change: %s (new: %s)", reason, currentV6.IP)
+				changed <- reason
+				return
+			} else if errV6 != nil && initialV6.IP.IsValid() {
+				reason = "IPv6 gateway disappeared"
+				log.Infof("Gateway poll detected change: %s", reason)
+				changed <- reason
+				return
+			}
+
+			log.Debugf("Gateway poll: no change detected")
+		}
+	}
+}

client/internal/networkmonitor/monitor.go

@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ func (nw *NetworkMonitor) Listen(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 	event := make(chan struct{}, 1)
 	go nw.checkChanges(ctx, event, nexthop4, nexthop6)
 
+	log.Infof("start watching for network changes")
 	// debounce changes
 	timer := time.NewTimer(0)
 	timer.Stop()

client/internal/peer/guard/sr_watcher.go

@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ type SRWatcher struct {
 	signalClient chNotifier
 	relayManager chNotifier
 
-	listeners     map[chan struct{}]struct{}
+	listeners        map[chan struct{}]struct{}
-	mu            sync.Mutex
+	mu               sync.Mutex
-	iFaceDiscover stdnet.ExternalIFaceDiscover
+	shutdownWg       sync.WaitGroup
-	iceConfig     ice.Config
+	iFaceDiscover    stdnet.ExternalIFaceDiscover
-
+	iceConfig        ice.Config
 	cancelIceMonitor context.CancelFunc
 }
 
@@ -52,7 +52,11 @@ func (w *SRWatcher) Start() {
 	w.cancelIceMonitor = cancel
 
 	iceMonitor := NewICEMonitor(w.iFaceDiscover, w.iceConfig, GetICEMonitorPeriod())
-	go iceMonitor.Start(ctx, w.onICEChanged)
+	w.shutdownWg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer w.shutdownWg.Done()
+		iceMonitor.Start(ctx, w.onICEChanged)
+	}()
 	w.signalClient.SetOnReconnectedListener(w.onReconnected)
 	w.relayManager.SetOnReconnectedListener(w.onReconnected)
 
@@ -60,14 +64,16 @@ func (w *SRWatcher) Start() {
 
 func (w *SRWatcher) Close() {
 	w.mu.Lock()
-	defer w.mu.Unlock()
-
 	if w.cancelIceMonitor == nil {
+		w.mu.Unlock()
 		return
 	}
 	w.cancelIceMonitor()
 	w.signalClient.SetOnReconnectedListener(nil)
 	w.relayManager.SetOnReconnectedListener(nil)
+	w.mu.Unlock()
+
+	w.shutdownWg.Wait()
 }
 
 func (w *SRWatcher) NewListener() chan struct{} {

client/internal/routemanager/manager.go

@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ type DefaultManager struct {
 	ctx                  context.Context
 	stop                 context.CancelFunc
 	mux                  sync.Mutex
+	shutdownWg           sync.WaitGroup
 	clientNetworks       map[route.HAUniqueID]*client.Watcher
 	routeSelector        *routeselector.RouteSelector
 	serverRouter         *server.Router
@@ -273,6 +274,7 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) SetFirewall(firewall firewall.Manager) error {
 // Stop stops the manager watchers and clean firewall rules
 func (m *DefaultManager) Stop(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) {
 	m.stop()
+	m.shutdownWg.Wait()
 	if m.serverRouter != nil {
 		m.serverRouter.CleanUp()
 	}
@@ -474,7 +476,11 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) TriggerSelection(networks route.HAMap) {
 		}
 		clientNetworkWatcher := client.NewWatcher(config)
 		m.clientNetworks[id] = clientNetworkWatcher
-		go clientNetworkWatcher.Start()
+		m.shutdownWg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer m.shutdownWg.Done()
+			clientNetworkWatcher.Start()
+		}()
 		clientNetworkWatcher.SendUpdate(client.RoutesUpdate{Routes: routes})
 	}
 
@@ -516,7 +522,11 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) updateClientNetworks(updateSerial uint64, networks rout
 			}
 			clientNetworkWatcher = client.NewWatcher(config)
 			m.clientNetworks[id] = clientNetworkWatcher
-			go clientNetworkWatcher.Start()
+			m.shutdownWg.Add(1)
+			go func() {
+				defer m.shutdownWg.Done()
+				clientNetworkWatcher.Start()
+			}()
 		}
 		update := client.RoutesUpdate{
 			UpdateSerial: updateSerial,

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_unix.go

@@ -105,11 +105,31 @@ func (r *SysOps) FlushMarkedRoutes() error {
 }
 
 func (r *SysOps) addToRouteTable(prefix netip.Prefix, nexthop Nexthop) error {
+	if prefix.IsSingleIP() {
+		log.Debugf("Adding single IP route: %s via %s", prefix, formatNexthop(nexthop))
+	}
 	return r.routeSocket(unix.RTM_ADD, prefix, nexthop)
 }
 
 func (r *SysOps) removeFromRouteTable(prefix netip.Prefix, nexthop Nexthop) error {
-	return r.routeSocket(unix.RTM_DELETE, prefix, nexthop)
+	if prefix.IsSingleIP() {
+		log.Debugf("Removing single IP route: %s via %s", prefix, formatNexthop(nexthop))
+	}
+
+	if err := r.routeSocket(unix.RTM_DELETE, prefix, nexthop); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if prefix.IsSingleIP() {
+		log.Debugf("Route removal completed for %s, verifying...", prefix)
+		if exists := r.verifyRouteRemoved(prefix); exists {
+			log.Warnf("Route %s still exists in routing table after removal", prefix)
+		} else {
+			log.Debugf("Verified route %s successfully removed", prefix)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (r *SysOps) routeSocket(action int, prefix netip.Prefix, nexthop Nexthop) error {
@@ -276,3 +296,51 @@ func prefixToRouteNetmask(prefix netip.Prefix) (route.Addr, error) {
 
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown IP version in prefix: %s", prefix.Addr().String())
 }
+
+// formatNexthop returns a string representation of the nexthop for logging.
+func formatNexthop(nexthop Nexthop) string {
+	if nexthop.IP.IsValid() {
+		return nexthop.IP.String()
+	}
+	if nexthop.Intf != nil {
+		return nexthop.Intf.Name
+	}
+	return "direct"
+}
+
+// verifyRouteRemoved checks if a route still exists in the routing table.
+func (r *SysOps) verifyRouteRemoved(prefix netip.Prefix) bool {
+	rib, err := retryFetchRIB()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("Failed to fetch RIB for route verification: %v", err)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	msgs, err := route.ParseRIB(route.RIBTypeRoute, rib)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("Failed to parse RIB for route verification: %v", err)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for _, msg := range msgs {
+		rtMsg, ok := msg.(*route.RouteMessage)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if rtMsg.Flags&routeProtoFlag == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		routeInfo, err := MsgToRoute(rtMsg)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if routeInfo.Dst == prefix {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}

client/net/conn.go

@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ type Conn struct {
 	ID hooks.ConnectionID
 }
 
-// Close overrides the net.Conn Close method to execute all registered hooks after closing the connection
+// Close overrides the net.Conn Close method to execute all registered hooks after closing the connection.
-// Close overrides the net.Conn Close method to execute all registered hooks before closing the connection.
 func (c *Conn) Close() error {
 	return closeConn(c.ID, c.Conn)
 }
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ type TCPConn struct {
 	ID hooks.ConnectionID
 }
 
-// Close overrides the net.TCPConn Close method to execute all registered hooks before closing the connection.
+// Close overrides the net.TCPConn Close method to execute all registered hooks after closing the connection.
 func (c *TCPConn) Close() error {
 	return closeConn(c.ID, c.TCPConn)
 }
@@ -37,13 +36,16 @@ func (c *TCPConn) Close() error {
 // closeConn is a helper function to close connections and execute close hooks.
 func closeConn(id hooks.ConnectionID, conn io.Closer) error {
 	err := conn.Close()
+	cleanupConnID(id)
+	return err
+}
 
+// cleanupConnID executes close hooks for a connection ID.
+func cleanupConnID(id hooks.ConnectionID) {
 	closeHooks := hooks.GetCloseHooks()
 	for _, hook := range closeHooks {
 		if err := hook(id); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("Error executing close hook: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
-
-	return err
 }

client/net/dial.go

@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@ func DialTCP(network string, laddr, raddr *net.TCPAddr) (transport.TCPConn, erro
 		}
 		return &TCPConn{TCPConn: tcpConn, ID: c.ID}, nil
 	}
-
 	if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to close connection: %v", err)
 	}

client/net/dialer_dial.go

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ func (d *Dialer) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.
 
 	conn, err := d.Dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, address)
 	if err != nil {
+		cleanupConnID(connID)
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("d.Dialer.DialContext: %w", err)
 	}
 
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ func callDialerHooks(ctx context.Context, connID hooks.ConnectionID, address str
 
 	ips, err := resolver.LookupIPAddr(ctx, host)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to resolve address %s: %w", address, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("resolve address %s: %w", address, err)
 	}
 
 	log.Debugf("Dialer resolved IPs for %s: %v", address, ips)

client/net/listener_listen.go

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ func (c *PacketConn) WriteTo(b []byte, addr net.Addr) (n int, err error) {
 	return c.PacketConn.WriteTo(b, addr)
 }
 
-// Close overrides the net.PacketConn Close method to execute all registered hooks before closing the connection.
+// Close overrides the net.PacketConn Close method to execute all registered hooks after closing the connection.
 func (c *PacketConn) Close() error {
 	defer c.seenAddrs.Clear()
 	return closeConn(c.ID, c.PacketConn)
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func (c *UDPConn) WriteTo(b []byte, addr net.Addr) (n int, err error) {
 	return c.UDPConn.WriteTo(b, addr)
 }
 
-// Close overrides the net.UDPConn Close method to execute all registered hooks before closing the connection.
+// Close overrides the net.UDPConn Close method to execute all registered hooks after closing the connection.
 func (c *UDPConn) Close() error {
 	defer c.seenAddrs.Clear()
 	return closeConn(c.ID, c.UDPConn)

shared/management/client/grpc.go

@@ -55,8 +55,7 @@ func NewClient(ctx context.Context, addr string, ourPrivateKey wgtypes.Key, tlsE
 		var err error
 		conn, err = nbgrpc.CreateConnection(ctx, addr, tlsEnabled, wsproxy.ManagementComponent)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("createConnection error: %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("create connection: %w", err)
-			return err
 		}
 		return nil
 	}

shared/signal/client/grpc.go

@@ -60,8 +60,7 @@ func NewClient(ctx context.Context, addr string, key wgtypes.Key, tlsEnabled boo
 		var err error
 		conn, err = nbgrpc.CreateConnection(ctx, addr, tlsEnabled, wsproxy.SignalComponent)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("createConnection error: %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("create connection: %w", err)
-			return err
 		}
 		return nil
 	}