Merge branch 'ssh-rewrite' into move-licensed-code

client/internal/acl/manager_test.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl/mocks"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow"
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ func TestDefaultManager(t *testing.T) {
 	}).AnyTimes()
 	ifaceMock.EXPECT().GetWGDevice().Return(nil).AnyTimes()
 
-	fw, err := firewall.NewFirewall(ifaceMock, nil, flowLogger, false)
+	fw, err := firewall.NewFirewall(ifaceMock, nil, flowLogger, false, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer func() {
 		err = fw.Close(nil)
@@ -170,7 +171,7 @@ func TestDefaultManagerStateless(t *testing.T) {
 	}).AnyTimes()
 	ifaceMock.EXPECT().GetWGDevice().Return(nil).AnyTimes()
 
-	fw, err := firewall.NewFirewall(ifaceMock, nil, flowLogger, false)
+	fw, err := firewall.NewFirewall(ifaceMock, nil, flowLogger, false, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer func() {
 		err = fw.Close(nil)

client/internal/connect.go

@@ -289,15 +289,18 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) run(mobileDependency MobileDependency, runningChan chan
 		}
 
 		<-engineCtx.Done()
+
 		c.engineMutex.Lock()
-		if c.engine != nil && c.engine.wgInterface != nil {
-			log.Infof("ensuring %s is removed, Netbird engine context cancelled", c.engine.wgInterface.Name())
-			if err := c.engine.Stop(); err != nil {
+		engine := c.engine
+		c.engine = nil
+		c.engineMutex.Unlock()
+
+		if engine != nil && engine.wgInterface != nil {
+			log.Infof("ensuring %s is removed, Netbird engine context cancelled", engine.wgInterface.Name())
+			if err := engine.Stop(); err != nil {
 				log.Errorf("Failed to stop engine: %v", err)
 			}
-			c.engine = nil
 		}
-		c.engineMutex.Unlock()
 		c.statusRecorder.ClientTeardown()
 
 		backOff.Reset()
@@ -382,19 +385,12 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) Status() StatusType {
 }
 
 func (c *ConnectClient) Stop() error {
-	if c == nil {
-		return nil
+	engine := c.Engine()
+	if engine != nil {
+		if err := engine.Stop(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("stop engine: %w", err)
+		}
 	}
-	c.engineMutex.Lock()
-	defer c.engineMutex.Unlock()
-
-	if c.engine == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if err := c.engine.Stop(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("stop engine: %w", err)
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 

client/internal/debug/debug.go

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ nftables.txt: Anonymized nftables rules with packet counters, if --system-info f
 resolved_domains.txt: Anonymized resolved domain IP addresses from the status recorder.
 config.txt: Anonymized configuration information of the NetBird client.
 network_map.json: Anonymized sync response containing peer configurations, routes, DNS settings, and firewall rules.
-state.json: Anonymized client state dump containing netbird states.
+state.json: Anonymized client state dump containing netbird states for the active profile.
 mutex.prof: Mutex profiling information.
 goroutine.prof: Goroutine profiling information.
 block.prof: Block profiling information.
@@ -576,6 +576,8 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addStateFile() error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	log.Debugf("Adding state file from: %s", path)
+
 	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {

client/internal/dns/host_darwin.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
 )
@@ -50,28 +51,21 @@ func (s *systemConfigurator) supportCustomPort() bool {
 }
 
 func (s *systemConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
-	var err error
-
-	if err := stateManager.UpdateState(&ShutdownState{}); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to update shutdown state: %s", err)
-	}
-
 	var (
 		searchDomains []string
 		matchDomains  []string
 	)
 
-	err = s.recordSystemDNSSettings(true)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := s.recordSystemDNSSettings(true); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("unable to update record of System's DNS config: %s", err.Error())
 	}
 
 	if config.RouteAll {
 		searchDomains = append(searchDomains, "\"\"")
-		err = s.addLocalDNS()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Infof("failed to enable split DNS")
+		if err := s.addLocalDNS(); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to add local DNS: %v", err)
 		}
+		s.updateState(stateManager)
 	}
 
 	for _, dConf := range config.Domains {
@@ -86,6 +80,7 @@ func (s *systemConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager *
 	}
 
 	matchKey := getKeyWithInput(netbirdDNSStateKeyFormat, matchSuffix)
+	var err error
 	if len(matchDomains) != 0 {
 		err = s.addMatchDomains(matchKey, strings.Join(matchDomains, " "), config.ServerIP, config.ServerPort)
 	} else {
@@ -95,6 +90,7 @@ func (s *systemConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager *
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("add match domains: %w", err)
 	}
+	s.updateState(stateManager)
 
 	searchKey := getKeyWithInput(netbirdDNSStateKeyFormat, searchSuffix)
 	if len(searchDomains) != 0 {
@@ -106,6 +102,7 @@ func (s *systemConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager *
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("add search domains: %w", err)
 	}
+	s.updateState(stateManager)
 
 	if err := s.flushDNSCache(); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to flush DNS cache: %v", err)
@@ -114,6 +111,12 @@ func (s *systemConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager *
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (s *systemConfigurator) updateState(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) {
+	if err := stateManager.UpdateState(&ShutdownState{CreatedKeys: maps.Keys(s.createdKeys)}); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to update shutdown state: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func (s *systemConfigurator) string() string {
 	return "scutil"
 }
@@ -167,18 +170,20 @@ func (s *systemConfigurator) removeKeyFromSystemConfig(key string) error {
 func (s *systemConfigurator) addLocalDNS() error {
 	if !s.systemDNSSettings.ServerIP.IsValid() || len(s.systemDNSSettings.Domains) == 0 {
 		if err := s.recordSystemDNSSettings(true); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("Unable to get system DNS configuration")
 			return fmt.Errorf("recordSystemDNSSettings(): %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 	localKey := getKeyWithInput(netbirdDNSStateKeyFormat, localSuffix)
-	if s.systemDNSSettings.ServerIP.IsValid() && len(s.systemDNSSettings.Domains) != 0 {
-		err := s.addSearchDomains(localKey, strings.Join(s.systemDNSSettings.Domains, " "), s.systemDNSSettings.ServerIP, s.systemDNSSettings.ServerPort)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't add local network DNS conf: %w", err)
-		}
-	} else {
+	if !s.systemDNSSettings.ServerIP.IsValid() || len(s.systemDNSSettings.Domains) == 0 {
 		log.Info("Not enabling local DNS server")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := s.addSearchDomains(
+		localKey,
+		strings.Join(s.systemDNSSettings.Domains, " "), s.systemDNSSettings.ServerIP, s.systemDNSSettings.ServerPort,
+	); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add search domains: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return nil

client/internal/dns/host_darwin_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+//go:build !ios
+
+package dns
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
+)
+
+func TestDarwinDNSUncleanShutdownCleanup(t *testing.T) {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		t.Skip("skipping scutil integration test in short mode")
+	}
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	stateFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "state.json")
+
+	sm := statemanager.New(stateFile)
+	sm.RegisterState(&ShutdownState{})
+	sm.Start()
+	defer func() {
+		require.NoError(t, sm.Stop(context.Background()))
+	}()
+
+	configurator := &systemConfigurator{
+		createdKeys: make(map[string]struct{}),
+	}
+
+	config := HostDNSConfig{
+		ServerIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+		ServerPort: 53,
+		RouteAll:   true,
+		Domains: []DomainConfig{
+			{Domain: "example.com", MatchOnly: true},
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := configurator.applyDNSConfig(config, sm)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, sm.PersistState(context.Background()))
+
+	searchKey := getKeyWithInput(netbirdDNSStateKeyFormat, searchSuffix)
+	matchKey := getKeyWithInput(netbirdDNSStateKeyFormat, matchSuffix)
+	localKey := getKeyWithInput(netbirdDNSStateKeyFormat, localSuffix)
+
+	defer func() {
+		for _, key := range []string{searchKey, matchKey, localKey} {
+			_ = removeTestDNSKey(key)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	for _, key := range []string{searchKey, matchKey, localKey} {
+		exists, err := checkDNSKeyExists(key)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		if exists {
+			t.Logf("Key %s exists before cleanup", key)
+		}
+	}
+
+	sm2 := statemanager.New(stateFile)
+	sm2.RegisterState(&ShutdownState{})
+	err = sm2.LoadState(&ShutdownState{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	state := sm2.GetState(&ShutdownState{})
+	if state == nil {
+		t.Skip("State not saved, skipping cleanup test")
+	}
+
+	shutdownState, ok := state.(*ShutdownState)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+
+	err = shutdownState.Cleanup()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	for _, key := range []string{searchKey, matchKey, localKey} {
+		exists, err := checkDNSKeyExists(key)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, exists, "Key %s should NOT exist after cleanup", key)
+	}
+}
+
+func checkDNSKeyExists(key string) (bool, error) {
+	cmd := exec.Command(scutilPath)
+	cmd.Stdin = strings.NewReader("show " + key + "\nquit\n")
+	output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		if strings.Contains(string(output), "No such key") {
+			return false, nil
+		}
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return !strings.Contains(string(output), "No such key"), nil
+}
+
+func removeTestDNSKey(key string) error {
+	cmd := exec.Command(scutilPath)
+	cmd.Stdin = strings.NewReader("remove " + key + "\nquit\n")
+	_, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	return err
+}

client/internal/dns/host_windows.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 
 	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/winregistry"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -178,13 +179,7 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager
 		log.Infof("removed %s as main DNS forwarder for this peer", config.ServerIP)
 	}
 
-	if err := stateManager.UpdateState(&ShutdownState{
-		Guid:           r.guid,
-		GPO:            r.gpo,
-		NRPTEntryCount: r.nrptEntryCount,
-	}); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to update shutdown state: %s", err)
-	}
+	r.updateState(stateManager)
 
 	var searchDomains, matchDomains []string
 	for _, dConf := range config.Domains {
@@ -197,6 +192,10 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager
 		matchDomains = append(matchDomains, "."+strings.TrimSuffix(dConf.Domain, "."))
 	}
 
+	if err := r.removeDNSMatchPolicies(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("cleanup old dns match policies: %s", err)
+	}
+
 	if len(matchDomains) != 0 {
 		count, err := r.addDNSMatchPolicy(matchDomains, config.ServerIP)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -204,19 +203,10 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager
 		}
 		r.nrptEntryCount = count
 	} else {
-		if err := r.removeDNSMatchPolicies(); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("remove dns match policies: %w", err)
-		}
 		r.nrptEntryCount = 0
 	}
 
-	if err := stateManager.UpdateState(&ShutdownState{
-		Guid:           r.guid,
-		GPO:            r.gpo,
-		NRPTEntryCount: r.nrptEntryCount,
-	}); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to update shutdown state: %s", err)
-	}
+	r.updateState(stateManager)
 
 	if err := r.updateSearchDomains(searchDomains); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("update search domains: %w", err)
@@ -227,6 +217,16 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (r *registryConfigurator) updateState(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) {
+	if err := stateManager.UpdateState(&ShutdownState{
+		Guid:           r.guid,
+		GPO:            r.gpo,
+		NRPTEntryCount: r.nrptEntryCount,
+	}); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to update shutdown state: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func (r *registryConfigurator) addDNSSetupForAll(ip netip.Addr) error {
 	if err := r.setInterfaceRegistryKeyStringValue(interfaceConfigNameServerKey, ip.String()); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("adding dns setup for all failed: %w", err)
@@ -273,9 +273,9 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) configureDNSPolicy(policyPath string, domains []s
 		return fmt.Errorf("remove existing dns policy: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	regKey, _, err := registry.CreateKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, policyPath, registry.SET_VALUE)
+	regKey, _, err := winregistry.CreateVolatileKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, policyPath, registry.SET_VALUE)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\%s: %w", policyPath, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("create volatile registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\%s: %w", policyPath, err)
 	}
 	defer closer(regKey)
 

client/internal/dns/host_windows_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+package dns
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows/registry"
+)
+
+// TestNRPTEntriesCleanupOnConfigChange tests that old NRPT entries are properly cleaned up
+// when the number of match domains decreases between configuration changes.
+func TestNRPTEntriesCleanupOnConfigChange(t *testing.T) {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		t.Skip("skipping registry integration test in short mode")
+	}
+
+	defer cleanupRegistryKeys(t)
+	cleanupRegistryKeys(t)
+
+	testIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+
+	// Create a test interface registry key so updateSearchDomains doesn't fail
+	testGUID := "{12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789ABC}"
+	interfacePath := `SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\` + testGUID
+	testKey, _, err := registry.CreateKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, interfacePath, registry.SET_VALUE)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Should create test interface registry key")
+	testKey.Close()
+	defer func() {
+		_ = registry.DeleteKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, interfacePath)
+	}()
+
+	cfg := &registryConfigurator{
+		guid: testGUID,
+		gpo:  false,
+	}
+
+	config5 := HostDNSConfig{
+		ServerIP: testIP,
+		Domains: []DomainConfig{
+			{Domain: "domain1.com", MatchOnly: true},
+			{Domain: "domain2.com", MatchOnly: true},
+			{Domain: "domain3.com", MatchOnly: true},
+			{Domain: "domain4.com", MatchOnly: true},
+			{Domain: "domain5.com", MatchOnly: true},
+		},
+	}
+
+	err = cfg.applyDNSConfig(config5, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify all 5 entries exist
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		exists, err := registryKeyExists(fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", dnsPolicyConfigMatchPath, i))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, exists, "Entry %d should exist after first config", i)
+	}
+
+	config2 := HostDNSConfig{
+		ServerIP: testIP,
+		Domains: []DomainConfig{
+			{Domain: "domain1.com", MatchOnly: true},
+			{Domain: "domain2.com", MatchOnly: true},
+		},
+	}
+
+	err = cfg.applyDNSConfig(config2, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify first 2 entries exist
+	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+		exists, err := registryKeyExists(fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", dnsPolicyConfigMatchPath, i))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, exists, "Entry %d should exist after second config", i)
+	}
+
+	// Verify entries 2-4 are cleaned up
+	for i := 2; i < 5; i++ {
+		exists, err := registryKeyExists(fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", dnsPolicyConfigMatchPath, i))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, exists, "Entry %d should NOT exist after reducing to 2 domains", i)
+	}
+}
+
+func registryKeyExists(path string) (bool, error) {
+	k, err := registry.OpenKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, path, registry.QUERY_VALUE)
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == registry.ErrNotExist {
+			return false, nil
+		}
+		return false, err
+	}
+	k.Close()
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func cleanupRegistryKeys(*testing.T) {
+	cfg := &registryConfigurator{nrptEntryCount: 10}
+	_ = cfg.removeDNSMatchPolicies()
+}

client/internal/dns/server.go

@@ -65,8 +65,9 @@ type hostManagerWithOriginalNS interface {
 
 // DefaultServer dns server object
 type DefaultServer struct {
-	ctx       context.Context
-	ctxCancel context.CancelFunc
+	ctx        context.Context
+	ctxCancel  context.CancelFunc
+	shutdownWg sync.WaitGroup
 	// disableSys disables system DNS management (e.g., /etc/resolv.conf updates) while keeping the DNS service running.
 	// This is different from ServiceEnable=false from management which completely disables the DNS service.
 	disableSys         bool
@@ -318,6 +319,7 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) DnsIP() netip.Addr {
 // Stop stops the server
 func (s *DefaultServer) Stop() {
 	s.ctxCancel()
+	s.shutdownWg.Wait()
 
 	s.mux.Lock()
 	defer s.mux.Unlock()
@@ -507,8 +509,9 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) applyConfiguration(update nbdns.Config) error {
 
 	s.applyHostConfig()
 
+	s.shutdownWg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
-		// persist dns state right away
+		defer s.shutdownWg.Done()
 		if err := s.stateManager.PersistState(s.ctx); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("Failed to persist dns state: %v", err)
 		}

client/internal/dns/server_test.go

@@ -944,7 +944,7 @@ func createWgInterfaceWithBind(t *testing.T) (*iface.WGIface, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	pf, err := uspfilter.Create(wgIface, false, flowLogger)
+	pf, err := uspfilter.Create(wgIface, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create uspfilter: %v", err)
 		return nil, err

client/internal/dns/unclean_shutdown_darwin.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 type ShutdownState struct {
+	CreatedKeys []string
 }
 
 func (s *ShutdownState) Name() string {
@@ -19,6 +20,10 @@ func (s *ShutdownState) Cleanup() error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create host manager: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	for _, key := range s.CreatedKeys {
+		manager.createdKeys[key] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
 	if err := manager.restoreUncleanShutdownDNS(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("restore unclean shutdown dns: %w", err)
 	}

client/internal/dnsfwd/forwarder.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/netstack"
 
 	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ type firewaller interface {
 }
 
 type DNSForwarder struct {
-	listenAddress  string
+	listenAddress  netip.AddrPort
 	ttl            uint32
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status
 
@@ -47,9 +48,11 @@ type DNSForwarder struct {
 	firewall   firewaller
 	resolver   resolver
 	cache      *cache
+
+	wgIface wgIface
 }
 
-func NewDNSForwarder(listenAddress string, ttl uint32, firewall firewaller, statusRecorder *peer.Status) *DNSForwarder {
+func NewDNSForwarder(listenAddress netip.AddrPort, ttl uint32, firewall firewaller, statusRecorder *peer.Status, wgIface wgIface) *DNSForwarder {
 	log.Debugf("creating DNS forwarder with listen_address=%s ttl=%d", listenAddress, ttl)
 	return &DNSForwarder{
 		listenAddress:  listenAddress,
@@ -58,30 +61,46 @@ func NewDNSForwarder(listenAddress string, ttl uint32, firewall firewaller, stat
 		statusRecorder: statusRecorder,
 		resolver:       net.DefaultResolver,
 		cache:          newCache(),
+		wgIface:        wgIface,
 	}
 }
 
 func (f *DNSForwarder) Listen(entries []*ForwarderEntry) error {
-	log.Infof("starting DNS forwarder on address=%s", f.listenAddress)
+	var netstackNet *netstack.Net
+	if f.wgIface != nil {
+		netstackNet = f.wgIface.GetNet()
+	}
+
+	addrDesc := f.listenAddress.String()
+	if netstackNet != nil {
+		addrDesc = fmt.Sprintf("netstack %s", f.listenAddress)
+	}
+	log.Infof("starting DNS forwarder on address=%s", addrDesc)
+
+	udpLn, err := f.createUDPListener(netstackNet)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create UDP listener: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	tcpLn, err := f.createTCPListener(netstackNet)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create TCP listener: %w", err)
+	}
 
-	// UDP server
 	mux := dns.NewServeMux()
 	f.mux = mux
 	mux.HandleFunc(".", f.handleDNSQueryUDP)
 	f.dnsServer = &dns.Server{
-		Addr:    f.listenAddress,
-		Net:     "udp",
-		Handler: mux,
+		PacketConn: udpLn,
+		Handler:    mux,
 	}
 
-	// TCP server
 	tcpMux := dns.NewServeMux()
 	f.tcpMux = tcpMux
 	tcpMux.HandleFunc(".", f.handleDNSQueryTCP)
 	f.tcpServer = &dns.Server{
-		Addr:    f.listenAddress,
-		Net:     "tcp",
-		Handler: tcpMux,
+		Listener: tcpLn,
+		Handler:  tcpMux,
 	}
 
 	f.UpdateDomains(entries)
@@ -89,18 +108,33 @@ func (f *DNSForwarder) Listen(entries []*ForwarderEntry) error {
 	errCh := make(chan error, 2)
 
 	go func() {
-		log.Infof("DNS UDP listener running on %s", f.listenAddress)
-		errCh <- f.dnsServer.ListenAndServe()
+		log.Infof("DNS UDP listener running on %s", addrDesc)
+		errCh <- f.dnsServer.ActivateAndServe()
 	}()
 	go func() {
-		log.Infof("DNS TCP listener running on %s", f.listenAddress)
-		errCh <- f.tcpServer.ListenAndServe()
+		log.Infof("DNS TCP listener running on %s", addrDesc)
+		errCh <- f.tcpServer.ActivateAndServe()
 	}()
 
-	// return the first error we get (e.g. bind failure or shutdown)
 	return <-errCh
 }
 
+func (f *DNSForwarder) createUDPListener(netstackNet *netstack.Net) (net.PacketConn, error) {
+	if netstackNet != nil {
+		return netstackNet.ListenUDPAddrPort(f.listenAddress)
+	}
+
+	return net.ListenUDP("udp", net.UDPAddrFromAddrPort(f.listenAddress))
+}
+
+func (f *DNSForwarder) createTCPListener(netstackNet *netstack.Net) (net.Listener, error) {
+	if netstackNet != nil {
+		return netstackNet.ListenTCPAddrPort(f.listenAddress)
+	}
+
+	return net.ListenTCP("tcp", net.TCPAddrFromAddrPort(f.listenAddress))
+}
+
 func (f *DNSForwarder) UpdateDomains(entries []*ForwarderEntry) {
 	f.mutex.Lock()
 	defer f.mutex.Unlock()

client/internal/dnsfwd/forwarder_test.go

@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_UnauthorizedDomainAccess(t *testing.T) {
 				mockResolver.On("LookupNetIP", mock.Anything, "ip4", dns.Fqdn(tt.queryDomain)).Return([]netip.Addr{fakeIP}, nil)
 			}
 
-			forwarder := NewDNSForwarder("127.0.0.1:0", 300, mockFirewall, &peer.Status{})
+			forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, mockFirewall, &peer.Status{}, nil)
 			forwarder.resolver = mockResolver
 
 			d, err := domain.FromString(tt.configuredDomain)
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_FirewallSetUpdates(t *testing.T) {
 			mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
 
 			// Set up forwarder
-			forwarder := NewDNSForwarder("127.0.0.1:0", 300, mockFirewall, &peer.Status{})
+			forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, mockFirewall, &peer.Status{}, nil)
 			forwarder.resolver = mockResolver
 
 			// Create entries and track sets
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_MultipleIPsInSingleUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 	mockFirewall := &MockFirewall{}
 	mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
 
-	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder("127.0.0.1:0", 300, mockFirewall, &peer.Status{})
+	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, mockFirewall, &peer.Status{}, nil)
 	forwarder.resolver = mockResolver
 
 	// Configure a single domain
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_ResponseCodes(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			forwarder := NewDNSForwarder("127.0.0.1:0", 300, nil, &peer.Status{})
+			forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, nil, &peer.Status{}, nil)
 
 			d, err := domain.FromString(tt.configured)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_ResponseCodes(t *testing.T) {
 func TestDNSForwarder_TCPTruncation(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test that large UDP responses are truncated with TC bit set
 	mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
-	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder("127.0.0.1:0", 300, nil, &peer.Status{})
+	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, nil, &peer.Status{}, nil)
 	forwarder.resolver = mockResolver
 
 	d, _ := domain.FromString("example.com")
@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_TCPTruncation(t *testing.T) {
 // a subsequent upstream failure still returns a successful response from cache.
 func TestDNSForwarder_ServeFromCacheOnUpstreamFailure(t *testing.T) {
 	mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
-	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder("127.0.0.1:0", 300, nil, &peer.Status{})
+	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, nil, &peer.Status{}, nil)
 	forwarder.resolver = mockResolver
 
 	d, err := domain.FromString("example.com")
@@ -696,7 +696,7 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_ServeFromCacheOnUpstreamFailure(t *testing.T) {
 // Verifies that cache normalization works across casing and trailing dot variations.
 func TestDNSForwarder_CacheNormalizationCasingAndDot(t *testing.T) {
 	mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
-	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder("127.0.0.1:0", 300, nil, &peer.Status{})
+	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, nil, &peer.Status{}, nil)
 	forwarder.resolver = mockResolver
 
 	d, err := domain.FromString("ExAmPlE.CoM")
@@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_MultipleOverlappingPatterns(t *testing.T) {
 	mockFirewall := &MockFirewall{}
 	mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
 
-	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder("127.0.0.1:0", 300, mockFirewall, &peer.Status{})
+	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, mockFirewall, &peer.Status{}, nil)
 	forwarder.resolver = mockResolver
 
 	// Set up complex overlapping patterns
@@ -804,7 +804,7 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_NodataVsNxdomain(t *testing.T) {
 	mockFirewall := &MockFirewall{}
 	mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
 
-	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder("127.0.0.1:0", 300, mockFirewall, &peer.Status{})
+	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, mockFirewall, &peer.Status{}, nil)
 	forwarder.resolver = mockResolver
 
 	d, err := domain.FromString("example.com")
@@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_NodataVsNxdomain(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestDNSForwarder_EmptyQuery(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test handling of malformed query with no questions
-	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder("127.0.0.1:0", 300, nil, &peer.Status{})
+	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, nil, &peer.Status{}, nil)
 
 	query := &dns.Msg{}
 	// Don't set any question

client/internal/dnsfwd/manager.go

@@ -4,27 +4,34 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
-	"sync"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/netstack"
 
 	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	nftypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 )
 
-var (
-	// ListenPort is the port that the DNS forwarder listens on. It has been used by the client peers also
-	listenPort   uint16 = 5353
-	listenPortMu sync.RWMutex
+const (
+	dnsTTL        = 60
+	envServerPort = "NB_DNS_FORWARDER_PORT"
 )
 
-const (
-	dnsTTL = 60 //seconds
-)
+// wgIface defines the interface for WireGuard interface operations needed by the DNS forwarder.
+type wgIface interface {
+	GetNet() *netstack.Net
+	Address() wgaddr.Address
+}
 
 // ForwarderEntry is a mapping from a domain to a resource ID and a hash of the parent domain list.
 type ForwarderEntry struct {
@@ -36,28 +43,30 @@ type ForwarderEntry struct {
 type Manager struct {
 	firewall       firewall.Manager
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status
+	wgIface        wgIface
+	serverPort     uint16
 
 	fwRules      []firewall.Rule
 	tcpRules     []firewall.Rule
 	dnsForwarder *DNSForwarder
 }
 
-func ListenPort() uint16 {
-	listenPortMu.RLock()
-	defer listenPortMu.RUnlock()
-	return listenPort
-}
+func NewManager(fw firewall.Manager, statusRecorder *peer.Status, wgIface wgIface) *Manager {
+	serverPort := nbdns.ForwarderServerPort
+	if envPort := os.Getenv(envServerPort); envPort != "" {
+		if port, err := strconv.ParseUint(envPort, 10, 16); err == nil && port > 0 {
+			serverPort = uint16(port)
+			log.Infof("using custom DNS forwarder port from %s: %d", envServerPort, serverPort)
+		} else {
+			log.Warnf("invalid %s value %q, using default %d", envServerPort, envPort, nbdns.ForwarderServerPort)
+		}
+	}
 
-func SetListenPort(port uint16) {
-	listenPortMu.Lock()
-	listenPort = port
-	listenPortMu.Unlock()
-}
-
-func NewManager(fw firewall.Manager, statusRecorder *peer.Status) *Manager {
 	return &Manager{
 		firewall:       fw,
 		statusRecorder: statusRecorder,
+		wgIface:        wgIface,
+		serverPort:     serverPort,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -71,7 +80,25 @@ func (m *Manager) Start(fwdEntries []*ForwarderEntry) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	m.dnsForwarder = NewDNSForwarder(fmt.Sprintf(":%d", ListenPort()), dnsTTL, m.firewall, m.statusRecorder)
+	localAddr := m.wgIface.Address().IP
+
+	if localAddr.IsValid() && m.firewall != nil {
+		if err := m.firewall.AddInboundDNAT(localAddr, firewall.ProtocolUDP, nbdns.ForwarderClientPort, m.serverPort); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to add DNS UDP DNAT rule: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			log.Infof("added DNS UDP DNAT rule: %s:%d -> %s:%d", localAddr, nbdns.ForwarderClientPort, localAddr, m.serverPort)
+		}
+
+		if err := m.firewall.AddInboundDNAT(localAddr, firewall.ProtocolTCP, nbdns.ForwarderClientPort, m.serverPort); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to add DNS TCP DNAT rule: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			log.Infof("added DNS TCP DNAT rule: %s:%d -> %s:%d", localAddr, nbdns.ForwarderClientPort, localAddr, m.serverPort)
+		}
+	}
+
+	listenAddress := netip.AddrPortFrom(localAddr, m.serverPort)
+	m.dnsForwarder = NewDNSForwarder(listenAddress, dnsTTL, m.firewall, m.statusRecorder, m.wgIface)
+
 	go func() {
 		if err := m.dnsForwarder.Listen(fwdEntries); err != nil {
 			// todo handle close error if it is exists
@@ -96,6 +123,20 @@ func (m *Manager) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 
 	var mErr *multierror.Error
+
+	localAddr := m.wgIface.Address().IP
+	if localAddr.IsValid() && m.firewall != nil {
+		if err := m.firewall.RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr, firewall.ProtocolUDP, nbdns.ForwarderClientPort, m.serverPort); err != nil {
+			mErr = multierror.Append(mErr, fmt.Errorf("remove DNS UDP DNAT rule: %w", err))
+		}
+
+		if err := m.firewall.RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr, firewall.ProtocolTCP, nbdns.ForwarderClientPort, m.serverPort); err != nil {
+			mErr = multierror.Append(mErr, fmt.Errorf("remove DNS TCP DNAT rule: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	m.unregisterNetstackServices()
+
 	if err := m.dropDNSFirewall(); err != nil {
 		mErr = multierror.Append(mErr, err)
 	}
@@ -111,7 +152,7 @@ func (m *Manager) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
 func (m *Manager) allowDNSFirewall() error {
 	dport := &firewall.Port{
 		IsRange: false,
-		Values:  []uint16{ListenPort()},
+		Values:  []uint16{m.serverPort},
 	}
 
 	if m.firewall == nil {
@@ -120,21 +161,50 @@ func (m *Manager) allowDNSFirewall() error {
 
 	dnsRules, err := m.firewall.AddPeerFiltering(nil, net.IP{0, 0, 0, 0}, firewall.ProtocolUDP, nil, dport, firewall.ActionAccept, "")
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to add allow DNS router rules, err: %v", err)
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("add udp firewall rule: %w", err)
 	}
-	m.fwRules = dnsRules
 
 	tcpRules, err := m.firewall.AddPeerFiltering(nil, net.IP{0, 0, 0, 0}, firewall.ProtocolTCP, nil, dport, firewall.ActionAccept, "")
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to add allow DNS router rules, err: %v", err)
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("add tcp firewall rule: %w", err)
 	}
+
+	if err := m.firewall.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("flush: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	m.fwRules = dnsRules
 	m.tcpRules = tcpRules
 
+	m.registerNetstackServices()
+
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (m *Manager) registerNetstackServices() {
+	if netstackNet := m.wgIface.GetNet(); netstackNet != nil {
+		if registrar, ok := m.firewall.(interface {
+			RegisterNetstackService(protocol nftypes.Protocol, port uint16)
+		}); ok {
+			registrar.RegisterNetstackService(nftypes.TCP, m.serverPort)
+			registrar.RegisterNetstackService(nftypes.UDP, m.serverPort)
+			log.Debugf("registered DNS forwarder service with netstack for UDP/TCP:%d", m.serverPort)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) unregisterNetstackServices() {
+	if netstackNet := m.wgIface.GetNet(); netstackNet != nil {
+		if registrar, ok := m.firewall.(interface {
+			UnregisterNetstackService(protocol nftypes.Protocol, port uint16)
+		}); ok {
+			registrar.UnregisterNetstackService(nftypes.TCP, m.serverPort)
+			registrar.UnregisterNetstackService(nftypes.UDP, m.serverPort)
+			log.Debugf("unregistered DNS forwarder service with netstack for UDP/TCP:%d", m.serverPort)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) dropDNSFirewall() error {
 	var mErr *multierror.Error
 	for _, rule := range m.fwRules {

client/internal/engine.go

@@ -202,11 +202,12 @@ type Engine struct {
 	flowManager         nftypes.FlowManager
 
 	// WireGuard interface monitor
-	wgIfaceMonitor   *WGIfaceMonitor
-	wgIfaceMonitorWg sync.WaitGroup
+	wgIfaceMonitor *WGIfaceMonitor
 
-	// dns forwarder port
-	dnsFwdPort uint16
+	// shutdownWg tracks all long-running goroutines to ensure clean shutdown
+	shutdownWg sync.WaitGroup
+
+	probeStunTurn *relay.StunTurnProbe
 }
 
 // Peer is an instance of the Connection Peer
@@ -248,7 +249,7 @@ func NewEngine(
 		statusRecorder: statusRecorder,
 		checks:         checks,
 		connSemaphore:  semaphoregroup.NewSemaphoreGroup(connInitLimit),
-		dnsFwdPort:     dnsfwd.ListenPort(),
+		probeStunTurn:  relay.NewStunTurnProbe(relay.DefaultCacheTTL),
 	}
 
 	sm := profilemanager.NewServiceManager("")
@@ -307,17 +308,12 @@ func (e *Engine) Stop() error {
 		e.ingressGatewayMgr = nil
 	}
 
+	e.stopDNSForwarder()
+
 	if e.routeManager != nil {
 		e.routeManager.Stop(e.stateManager)
 	}
 
-	if e.dnsForwardMgr != nil {
-		if err := e.dnsForwardMgr.Stop(context.Background()); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to stop DNS forward: %v", err)
-		}
-		e.dnsForwardMgr = nil
-	}
-
 	if e.srWatcher != nil {
 		e.srWatcher.Close()
 	}
@@ -334,10 +330,6 @@ func (e *Engine) Stop() error {
 		e.cancel()
 	}
 
-	// very ugly but we want to remove peers from the WireGuard interface first before removing interface.
-	// Removing peers happens in the conn.Close() asynchronously
-	time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
-
 	e.close()
 
 	// stop flow manager after wg interface is gone
@@ -345,8 +337,6 @@ func (e *Engine) Stop() error {
 		e.flowManager.Close()
 	}
 
-	log.Infof("stopped Netbird Engine")
-
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
 
@@ -357,12 +347,52 @@ func (e *Engine) Stop() error {
 		log.Errorf("failed to persist state: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	// Stop WireGuard interface monitor and wait for it to exit
-	e.wgIfaceMonitorWg.Wait()
+	timeout := e.calculateShutdownTimeout()
+	log.Debugf("waiting for goroutines to finish with timeout: %v", timeout)
+	shutdownCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), timeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if err := waitWithContext(shutdownCtx, &e.shutdownWg); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("shutdown timeout exceeded after %v, some goroutines may still be running", timeout)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("stopped Netbird Engine")
 
 	return nil
 }
 
+// calculateShutdownTimeout returns shutdown timeout: 10s base + 100ms per peer, capped at 30s.
+func (e *Engine) calculateShutdownTimeout() time.Duration {
+	peerCount := len(e.peerStore.PeersPubKey())
+
+	baseTimeout := 10 * time.Second
+	perPeerTimeout := time.Duration(peerCount) * 100 * time.Millisecond
+	timeout := baseTimeout + perPeerTimeout
+
+	maxTimeout := 30 * time.Second
+	if timeout > maxTimeout {
+		timeout = maxTimeout
+	}
+
+	return timeout
+}
+
+// waitWithContext waits for WaitGroup with timeout, returns ctx.Err() on timeout.
+func waitWithContext(ctx context.Context, wg *sync.WaitGroup) error {
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		wg.Wait()
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+		return nil
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	}
+}
+
 // Start creates a new WireGuard tunnel interface and listens to events from Signal and Management services
 // Connections to remote peers are not established here.
 // However, they will be established once an event with a list of peers to connect to will be received from Management Service
@@ -492,14 +522,14 @@ func (e *Engine) Start(netbirdConfig *mgmProto.NetbirdConfig, mgmtURL *url.URL)
 
 	// monitor WireGuard interface lifecycle and restart engine on changes
 	e.wgIfaceMonitor = NewWGIfaceMonitor()
-	e.wgIfaceMonitorWg.Add(1)
+	e.shutdownWg.Add(1)
 
 	go func() {
-		defer e.wgIfaceMonitorWg.Done()
+		defer e.shutdownWg.Done()
 
 		if shouldRestart, err := e.wgIfaceMonitor.Start(e.ctx, e.wgInterface.Name()); shouldRestart {
 			log.Infof("WireGuard interface monitor: %s, restarting engine", err)
-			e.restartEngine()
+			e.triggerClientRestart()
 		} else if err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("WireGuard interface monitor: %s", err)
 		}
@@ -515,7 +545,7 @@ func (e *Engine) createFirewall() error {
 	}
 
 	var err error
-	e.firewall, err = firewall.NewFirewall(e.wgInterface, e.stateManager, e.flowManager.GetLogger(), e.config.DisableServerRoutes)
+	e.firewall, err = firewall.NewFirewall(e.wgInterface, e.stateManager, e.flowManager.GetLogger(), e.config.DisableServerRoutes, e.config.MTU)
 	if err != nil || e.firewall == nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed creating firewall manager: %s", err)
 		return nil
@@ -899,7 +929,9 @@ func (e *Engine) updateConfig(conf *mgmProto.PeerConfig) error {
 // receiveManagementEvents connects to the Management Service event stream to receive updates from the management service
 // E.g. when a new peer has been registered and we are allowed to connect to it.
 func (e *Engine) receiveManagementEvents() {
+	e.shutdownWg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
+		defer e.shutdownWg.Done()
 		info, err := system.GetInfoWithChecks(e.ctx, e.checks)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("failed to get system info with checks: %v", err)
@@ -1014,10 +1046,14 @@ func (e *Engine) updateNetworkMap(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) error {
 		protoDNSConfig = &mgmProto.DNSConfig{}
 	}
 
-	if err := e.dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(serial, toDNSConfig(protoDNSConfig, e.wgInterface.Address().Network)); err != nil {
+	dnsConfig := toDNSConfig(protoDNSConfig, e.wgInterface.Address().Network)
+
+	if err := e.dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(serial, dnsConfig); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to update dns server, err: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	e.routeManager.SetDNSForwarderPort(dnsConfig.ForwarderPort)
+
 	// apply routes first, route related actions might depend on routing being enabled
 	routes := toRoutes(networkMap.GetRoutes())
 	serverRoutes, clientRoutes := e.routeManager.ClassifyRoutes(routes)
@@ -1038,7 +1074,7 @@ func (e *Engine) updateNetworkMap(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) error {
 	}
 
 	fwdEntries := toRouteDomains(e.config.WgPrivateKey.PublicKey().String(), routes)
-	e.updateDNSForwarder(dnsRouteFeatureFlag, fwdEntries, uint16(protoDNSConfig.ForwarderPort))
+	e.updateDNSForwarder(dnsRouteFeatureFlag, fwdEntries)
 
 	// Ingress forward rules
 	forwardingRules, err := e.updateForwardRules(networkMap.GetForwardingRules())
@@ -1156,10 +1192,16 @@ func toRouteDomains(myPubKey string, routes []*route.Route) []*dnsfwd.ForwarderE
 }
 
 func toDNSConfig(protoDNSConfig *mgmProto.DNSConfig, network netip.Prefix) nbdns.Config {
+	forwarderPort := uint16(protoDNSConfig.GetForwarderPort())
+	if forwarderPort == 0 {
+		forwarderPort = nbdns.ForwarderClientPort
+	}
+
 	dnsUpdate := nbdns.Config{
 		ServiceEnable:    protoDNSConfig.GetServiceEnable(),
 		CustomZones:      make([]nbdns.CustomZone, 0),
 		NameServerGroups: make([]*nbdns.NameServerGroup, 0),
+		ForwarderPort:    forwarderPort,
 	}
 
 	for _, zone := range protoDNSConfig.GetCustomZones() {
@@ -1316,7 +1358,9 @@ func (e *Engine) createPeerConn(pubKey string, allowedIPs []netip.Prefix, agentV
 
 // receiveSignalEvents connects to the Signal Service event stream to negotiate connection with remote peers
 func (e *Engine) receiveSignalEvents() {
+	e.shutdownWg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
+		defer e.shutdownWg.Done()
 		// connect to a stream of messages coming from the signal server
 		err := e.signal.Receive(e.ctx, func(msg *sProto.Message) error {
 			e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
@@ -1613,7 +1657,7 @@ func (e *Engine) getRosenpassAddr() string {
 
 // RunHealthProbes executes health checks for Signal, Management, Relay and WireGuard services
 // and updates the status recorder with the latest states.
-func (e *Engine) RunHealthProbes() bool {
+func (e *Engine) RunHealthProbes(waitForResult bool) bool {
 	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
 
 	signalHealthy := e.signal.IsHealthy()
@@ -1645,8 +1689,12 @@ func (e *Engine) RunHealthProbes() bool {
 	}
 
 	e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
-
-	results := e.probeICE(stuns, turns)
+	var results []relay.ProbeResult
+	if waitForResult {
+		results = e.probeStunTurn.ProbeAllWaitResult(e.ctx, stuns, turns)
+	} else {
+		results = e.probeStunTurn.ProbeAll(e.ctx, stuns, turns)
+	}
 	e.statusRecorder.UpdateRelayStates(results)
 
 	relayHealthy := true
@@ -1663,15 +1711,10 @@ func (e *Engine) RunHealthProbes() bool {
 	return allHealthy
 }
 
-func (e *Engine) probeICE(stuns, turns []*stun.URI) []relay.ProbeResult {
-	return append(
-		relay.ProbeAll(e.ctx, relay.ProbeSTUN, stuns),
-		relay.ProbeAll(e.ctx, relay.ProbeTURN, turns)...,
-	)
-}
-
-// restartEngine restarts the engine by cancelling the client context
-func (e *Engine) restartEngine() {
+// triggerClientRestart triggers a full client restart by cancelling the client context.
+// Note: This does NOT just restart the engine - it cancels the entire client context,
+// which causes the connect client's retry loop to create a completely new engine.
+func (e *Engine) triggerClientRestart() {
 	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
 	defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
 
@@ -1693,7 +1736,9 @@ func (e *Engine) startNetworkMonitor() {
 	}
 
 	e.networkMonitor = networkmonitor.New()
+	e.shutdownWg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
+		defer e.shutdownWg.Done()
 		if err := e.networkMonitor.Listen(e.ctx); err != nil {
 			if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
 				log.Infof("network monitor stopped")
@@ -1703,8 +1748,8 @@ func (e *Engine) startNetworkMonitor() {
 			return
 		}
 
-		log.Infof("Network monitor: detected network change, restarting engine")
-		e.restartEngine()
+		log.Infof("Network monitor: detected network change, triggering client restart")
+		e.triggerClientRestart()
 	}()
 }
 
@@ -1789,64 +1834,50 @@ func (e *Engine) GetWgAddr() netip.Addr {
 func (e *Engine) updateDNSForwarder(
 	enabled bool,
 	fwdEntries []*dnsfwd.ForwarderEntry,
-	forwarderPort uint16,
 ) {
 	if e.config.DisableServerRoutes {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if forwarderPort > 0 {
-		dnsfwd.SetListenPort(forwarderPort)
-	}
-
 	if !enabled {
-		if e.dnsForwardMgr == nil {
-			return
-		}
-		if err := e.dnsForwardMgr.Stop(context.Background()); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to stop DNS forward: %v", err)
-		}
+		e.stopDNSForwarder()
 		return
 	}
 
 	if len(fwdEntries) > 0 {
-		switch {
-		case e.dnsForwardMgr == nil:
-			e.dnsForwardMgr = dnsfwd.NewManager(e.firewall, e.statusRecorder)
-			if err := e.dnsForwardMgr.Start(fwdEntries); err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("failed to start DNS forward: %v", err)
-				e.dnsForwardMgr = nil
-			}
-			log.Infof("started domain router service with %d entries", len(fwdEntries))
-		case e.dnsFwdPort != forwarderPort:
-			log.Infof("updating domain router service port from %d to %d", e.dnsFwdPort, forwarderPort)
-			e.restartDnsFwd(fwdEntries, forwarderPort)
-			e.dnsFwdPort = forwarderPort
-
-		default:
+		if e.dnsForwardMgr == nil {
+			e.startDNSForwarder(fwdEntries)
+		} else {
 			e.dnsForwardMgr.UpdateDomains(fwdEntries)
 		}
 	} else if e.dnsForwardMgr != nil {
 		log.Infof("disable domain router service")
-		if err := e.dnsForwardMgr.Stop(context.Background()); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to stop DNS forward: %v", err)
-		}
-		e.dnsForwardMgr = nil
+		e.stopDNSForwarder()
 	}
-
 }
 
-func (e *Engine) restartDnsFwd(fwdEntries []*dnsfwd.ForwarderEntry, forwarderPort uint16) {
-	log.Infof("updating domain router service port from %d to %d", e.dnsFwdPort, forwarderPort)
-	// stop and start the forwarder to apply the new port
-	if err := e.dnsForwardMgr.Stop(context.Background()); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to stop DNS forward: %v", err)
-	}
-	e.dnsForwardMgr = dnsfwd.NewManager(e.firewall, e.statusRecorder)
+func (e *Engine) startDNSForwarder(fwdEntries []*dnsfwd.ForwarderEntry) {
+	e.dnsForwardMgr = dnsfwd.NewManager(e.firewall, e.statusRecorder, e.wgInterface)
+
 	if err := e.dnsForwardMgr.Start(fwdEntries); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to start DNS forward: %v", err)
 		e.dnsForwardMgr = nil
+		return
 	}
+
+	log.Infof("started domain router service with %d entries", len(fwdEntries))
+}
+
+func (e *Engine) stopDNSForwarder() {
+	if e.dnsForwardMgr == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := e.dnsForwardMgr.Stop(context.Background()); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to stop DNS forward: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	e.dnsForwardMgr = nil
 }
 
 func (e *Engine) GetNet() (*netstack.Net, error) {

client/internal/netflow/logger/logger.go

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dnsfwd"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 )
 
 type rcvChan chan *types.EventFields
@@ -138,7 +138,8 @@ func (l *Logger) UpdateConfig(dnsCollection, exitNodeCollection bool) {
 
 func (l *Logger) shouldStore(event *types.EventFields, isExitNode bool) bool {
 	// check dns collection
-	if !l.dnsCollection.Load() && event.Protocol == types.UDP && (event.DestPort == 53 || event.DestPort == uint16(dnsfwd.ListenPort())) {
+	if !l.dnsCollection.Load() && event.Protocol == types.UDP &&
+		(event.DestPort == 53 || event.DestPort == dns.ForwarderClientPort || event.DestPort == dns.ForwarderServerPort) {
 		return false
 	}
 

client/internal/netflow/manager.go

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 // Manager handles netflow tracking and logging
 type Manager struct {
 	mux            sync.Mutex
+	shutdownWg     sync.WaitGroup
 	logger         nftypes.FlowLogger
 	flowConfig     *nftypes.FlowConfig
 	conntrack      nftypes.ConnTracker
@@ -105,8 +106,15 @@ func (m *Manager) resetClient() error {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	m.cancel = cancel
 
-	go m.receiveACKs(ctx, flowClient)
-	go m.startSender(ctx)
+	m.shutdownWg.Add(2)
+	go func() {
+		defer m.shutdownWg.Done()
+		m.receiveACKs(ctx, flowClient)
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		defer m.shutdownWg.Done()
+		m.startSender(ctx)
+	}()
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -176,11 +184,12 @@ func (m *Manager) Update(update *nftypes.FlowConfig) error {
 // Close cleans up all resources
 func (m *Manager) Close() {
 	m.mux.Lock()
-	defer m.mux.Unlock()
-
 	if err := m.disableFlow(); err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("failed to disable flow manager: %v", err)
 	}
+	m.mux.Unlock()
+
+	m.shutdownWg.Wait()
 }
 
 // GetLogger returns the flow logger

client/internal/networkmonitor/check_change_bsd.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build (darwin && !ios) || dragonfly || freebsd || netbsd || openbsd
+//go:build dragonfly || freebsd || netbsd || openbsd
 
 package networkmonitor
 
@@ -6,21 +6,19 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"syscall"
-	"unsafe"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/net/route"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/systemops"
 )
 
 func checkChange(ctx context.Context, nexthopv4, nexthopv6 systemops.Nexthop) error {
-	fd, err := unix.Socket(syscall.AF_ROUTE, syscall.SOCK_RAW, syscall.AF_UNSPEC)
+	fd, err := prepareFd()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("open routing socket: %v", err)
 	}
+
 	defer func() {
 		err := unix.Close(fd)
 		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, unix.EBADF) {
@@ -28,72 +26,5 @@ func checkChange(ctx context.Context, nexthopv4, nexthopv6 systemops.Nexthop) er
 		}
 	}()
 
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return ctx.Err()
-		default:
-			buf := make([]byte, 2048)
-			n, err := unix.Read(fd, buf)
-			if err != nil {
-				if !errors.Is(err, unix.EBADF) && !errors.Is(err, unix.EINVAL) {
-					log.Warnf("Network monitor: failed to read from routing socket: %v", err)
-				}
-				continue
-			}
-			if n < unix.SizeofRtMsghdr {
-				log.Debugf("Network monitor: read from routing socket returned less than expected: %d bytes", n)
-				continue
-			}
-
-			msg := (*unix.RtMsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[0]))
-
-			switch msg.Type {
-			// handle route changes
-			case unix.RTM_ADD, syscall.RTM_DELETE:
-				route, err := parseRouteMessage(buf[:n])
-				if err != nil {
-					log.Debugf("Network monitor: error parsing routing message: %v", err)
-					continue
-				}
-
-				if route.Dst.Bits() != 0 {
-					continue
-				}
-
-				intf := "<nil>"
-				if route.Interface != nil {
-					intf = route.Interface.Name
-				}
-				switch msg.Type {
-				case unix.RTM_ADD:
-					log.Infof("Network monitor: default route changed: via %s, interface %s", route.Gw, intf)
-					return nil
-				case unix.RTM_DELETE:
-					if nexthopv4.Intf != nil && route.Gw.Compare(nexthopv4.IP) == 0 || nexthopv6.Intf != nil && route.Gw.Compare(nexthopv6.IP) == 0 {
-						log.Infof("Network monitor: default route removed: via %s, interface %s", route.Gw, intf)
-						return nil
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func parseRouteMessage(buf []byte) (*systemops.Route, error) {
-	msgs, err := route.ParseRIB(route.RIBTypeRoute, buf)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse RIB: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if len(msgs) != 1 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected RIB message msgs: %v", msgs)
-	}
-
-	msg, ok := msgs[0].(*route.RouteMessage)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected RIB message type: %T", msgs[0])
-	}
-
-	return systemops.MsgToRoute(msg)
+	return routeCheck(ctx, fd, nexthopv4, nexthopv6)
 }

client/internal/networkmonitor/check_change_common.go

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+//go:build dragonfly || freebsd || netbsd || openbsd || darwin
+
+package networkmonitor
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"syscall"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/net/route"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/systemops"
+)
+
+func prepareFd() (int, error) {
+	return unix.Socket(syscall.AF_ROUTE, syscall.SOCK_RAW, syscall.AF_UNSPEC)
+}
+
+func routeCheck(ctx context.Context, fd int, nexthopv4, nexthopv6 systemops.Nexthop) error {
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ctx.Err()
+		default:
+			buf := make([]byte, 2048)
+			n, err := unix.Read(fd, buf)
+			if err != nil {
+				if !errors.Is(err, unix.EBADF) && !errors.Is(err, unix.EINVAL) {
+					log.Warnf("Network monitor: failed to read from routing socket: %v", err)
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+			if n < unix.SizeofRtMsghdr {
+				log.Debugf("Network monitor: read from routing socket returned less than expected: %d bytes", n)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			msg := (*unix.RtMsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[0]))
+
+			switch msg.Type {
+			// handle route changes
+			case unix.RTM_ADD, syscall.RTM_DELETE:
+				route, err := parseRouteMessage(buf[:n])
+				if err != nil {
+					log.Debugf("Network monitor: error parsing routing message: %v", err)
+					continue
+				}
+
+				if route.Dst.Bits() != 0 {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				intf := "<nil>"
+				if route.Interface != nil {
+					intf = route.Interface.Name
+				}
+				switch msg.Type {
+				case unix.RTM_ADD:
+					log.Infof("Network monitor: default route changed: via %s, interface %s", route.Gw, intf)
+					return nil
+				case unix.RTM_DELETE:
+					if nexthopv4.Intf != nil && route.Gw.Compare(nexthopv4.IP) == 0 || nexthopv6.Intf != nil && route.Gw.Compare(nexthopv6.IP) == 0 {
+						log.Infof("Network monitor: default route removed: via %s, interface %s", route.Gw, intf)
+						return nil
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func parseRouteMessage(buf []byte) (*systemops.Route, error) {
+	msgs, err := route.ParseRIB(route.RIBTypeRoute, buf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse RIB: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(msgs) != 1 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected RIB message msgs: %v", msgs)
+	}
+
+	msg, ok := msgs[0].(*route.RouteMessage)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected RIB message type: %T", msgs[0])
+	}
+
+	return systemops.MsgToRoute(msg)
+}

client/internal/networkmonitor/check_change_darwin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+//go:build darwin && !ios
+
+package networkmonitor
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"hash/fnv"
+	"os/exec"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/systemops"
+)
+
+// todo: refactor to not use static functions
+
+func checkChange(ctx context.Context, nexthopv4, nexthopv6 systemops.Nexthop) error {
+	fd, err := prepareFd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("open routing socket: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		if err := unix.Close(fd); err != nil {
+			if !errors.Is(err, unix.EBADF) {
+				log.Warnf("Network monitor: failed to close routing socket: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	routeChanged := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		_ = routeCheck(ctx, fd, nexthopv4, nexthopv6)
+		close(routeChanged)
+	}()
+
+	wakeUp := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		wakeUpListen(ctx)
+		close(wakeUp)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	case <-routeChanged:
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return ctx.Err()
+		}
+		log.Infof("route change detected")
+		return nil
+	case <-wakeUp:
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return ctx.Err()
+		}
+		log.Infof("wakeup detected")
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func wakeUpListen(ctx context.Context) {
+	log.Infof("start to watch for system wakeups")
+	var (
+		initialHash uint32
+		err         error
+	)
+
+	// Keep retrying until initial sysctl succeeds or context is canceled
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			log.Info("exit from wakeUpListen initial hash detection due to context cancellation")
+			return
+		default:
+			initialHash, err = readSleepTimeHash()
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed to detect initial sleep time: %v", err)
+				select {
+				case <-ctx.Done():
+					log.Info("exit from wakeUpListen initial hash detection due to context cancellation")
+					return
+				case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+			log.Debugf("initial wakeup hash: %d", initialHash)
+			break
+		}
+		break
+	}
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(5 * time.Second)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			log.Info("context canceled, stopping wakeUpListen")
+			return
+
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			newHash, err := readSleepTimeHash()
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed to read sleep time hash: %v", err)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if newHash == initialHash {
+				log.Tracef("no wakeup detected")
+				continue
+			}
+
+			upOut, err := exec.Command("uptime").Output()
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed to run uptime command: %v", err)
+				upOut = []byte("unknown")
+			}
+			log.Infof("Wakeup detected: %d -> %d, uptime: %s", initialHash, newHash, upOut)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func readSleepTimeHash() (uint32, error) {
+	cmd := exec.Command("sysctl", "kern.sleeptime")
+	out, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to run sysctl: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	h, err := hash(out)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to compute hash: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return h, nil
+}
+
+func hash(data []byte) (uint32, error) {
+	hasher := fnv.New32a() // Create a new 32-bit FNV-1a hasher
+	if _, err := hasher.Write(data); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return hasher.Sum32(), nil
+}

client/internal/networkmonitor/monitor.go

@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ func (nw *NetworkMonitor) Listen(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 	event := make(chan struct{}, 1)
 	go nw.checkChanges(ctx, event, nexthop4, nexthop6)
 
+	log.Infof("start watching for network changes")
 	// debounce changes
 	timer := time.NewTimer(0)
 	timer.Stop()

client/internal/peer/guard/sr_watcher.go

@@ -19,11 +19,10 @@ type SRWatcher struct {
 	signalClient chNotifier
 	relayManager chNotifier
 
-	listeners     map[chan struct{}]struct{}
-	mu            sync.Mutex
-	iFaceDiscover stdnet.ExternalIFaceDiscover
-	iceConfig     ice.Config
-
+	listeners        map[chan struct{}]struct{}
+	mu               sync.Mutex
+	iFaceDiscover    stdnet.ExternalIFaceDiscover
+	iceConfig        ice.Config
 	cancelIceMonitor context.CancelFunc
 }
 

client/internal/relay/relay.go

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package relay
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"sync"
@@ -15,6 +17,15 @@ import (
 	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
 )
 
+const (
+	DefaultCacheTTL = 20 * time.Second
+	probeTimeout    = 6 * time.Second
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrCheckInProgress = errors.New("probe check is already in progress")
+)
+
 // ProbeResult holds the info about the result of a relay probe request
 type ProbeResult struct {
 	URI  string
@@ -22,8 +33,164 @@ type ProbeResult struct {
 	Addr string
 }
 
+type StunTurnProbe struct {
+	cacheResults    []ProbeResult
+	cacheTimestamp  time.Time
+	cacheKey        string
+	cacheTTL        time.Duration
+	probeInProgress bool
+	probeDone       chan struct{}
+	mu              sync.Mutex
+}
+
+func NewStunTurnProbe(cacheTTL time.Duration) *StunTurnProbe {
+	return &StunTurnProbe{
+		cacheTTL: cacheTTL,
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *StunTurnProbe) ProbeAllWaitResult(ctx context.Context, stuns []*stun.URI, turns []*stun.URI) []ProbeResult {
+	cacheKey := generateCacheKey(stuns, turns)
+
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	if p.probeInProgress {
+		doneChan := p.probeDone
+		p.mu.Unlock()
+
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			log.Debugf("Context cancelled while waiting for probe results")
+			return createErrorResults(stuns, turns)
+		case <-doneChan:
+			return p.getCachedResults(cacheKey, stuns, turns)
+		}
+	}
+
+	p.probeInProgress = true
+	probeDone := make(chan struct{})
+	p.probeDone = probeDone
+	p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	p.doProbe(ctx, stuns, turns, cacheKey)
+	close(probeDone)
+
+	return p.getCachedResults(cacheKey, stuns, turns)
+}
+
+// ProbeAll probes all given servers asynchronously and returns the results
+func (p *StunTurnProbe) ProbeAll(ctx context.Context, stuns []*stun.URI, turns []*stun.URI) []ProbeResult {
+	cacheKey := generateCacheKey(stuns, turns)
+
+	p.mu.Lock()
+
+	if results := p.checkCache(cacheKey); results != nil {
+		p.mu.Unlock()
+		return results
+	}
+
+	if p.probeInProgress {
+		p.mu.Unlock()
+		return createErrorResults(stuns, turns)
+	}
+
+	p.probeInProgress = true
+	probeDone := make(chan struct{})
+	p.probeDone = probeDone
+	log.Infof("started new probe for STUN, TURN servers")
+	go func() {
+		p.doProbe(ctx, stuns, turns, cacheKey)
+		close(probeDone)
+	}()
+
+	p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	timer := time.NewTimer(1300 * time.Millisecond)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		log.Debugf("Context cancelled while waiting for probe results")
+		return createErrorResults(stuns, turns)
+	case <-probeDone:
+		// when the probe is return fast, return the results right away
+		return p.getCachedResults(cacheKey, stuns, turns)
+	case <-timer.C:
+		// if the probe takes longer than 1.3s, return error results to avoid blocking
+		return createErrorResults(stuns, turns)
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *StunTurnProbe) checkCache(cacheKey string) []ProbeResult {
+	if p.cacheKey == cacheKey && len(p.cacheResults) > 0 {
+		age := time.Since(p.cacheTimestamp)
+		if age < p.cacheTTL {
+			results := append([]ProbeResult(nil), p.cacheResults...)
+			log.Debugf("returning cached probe results (age: %v)", age)
+			return results
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (p *StunTurnProbe) getCachedResults(cacheKey string, stuns []*stun.URI, turns []*stun.URI) []ProbeResult {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if p.cacheKey == cacheKey && len(p.cacheResults) > 0 {
+		return append([]ProbeResult(nil), p.cacheResults...)
+	}
+	return createErrorResults(stuns, turns)
+}
+
+func (p *StunTurnProbe) doProbe(ctx context.Context, stuns []*stun.URI, turns []*stun.URI, cacheKey string) {
+	defer func() {
+		p.mu.Lock()
+		p.probeInProgress = false
+		p.mu.Unlock()
+	}()
+	results := make([]ProbeResult, len(stuns)+len(turns))
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i, uri := range stuns {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(idx int, stunURI *stun.URI) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+
+			probeCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, probeTimeout)
+			defer cancel()
+
+			results[idx].URI = stunURI.String()
+			results[idx].Addr, results[idx].Err = p.probeSTUN(probeCtx, stunURI)
+		}(i, uri)
+	}
+
+	stunOffset := len(stuns)
+	for i, uri := range turns {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(idx int, turnURI *stun.URI) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+
+			probeCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, probeTimeout)
+			defer cancel()
+
+			results[idx].URI = turnURI.String()
+			results[idx].Addr, results[idx].Err = p.probeTURN(probeCtx, turnURI)
+		}(stunOffset+i, uri)
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	p.cacheResults = results
+	p.cacheTimestamp = time.Now()
+	p.cacheKey = cacheKey
+	p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	log.Debug("Stored new probe results in cache")
+}
+
 // ProbeSTUN tries binding to the given STUN uri and acquiring an address
-func ProbeSTUN(ctx context.Context, uri *stun.URI) (addr string, probeErr error) {
+func (p *StunTurnProbe) probeSTUN(ctx context.Context, uri *stun.URI) (addr string, probeErr error) {
 	defer func() {
 		if probeErr != nil {
 			log.Debugf("stun probe error from %s: %s", uri, probeErr)
@@ -83,7 +250,7 @@ func ProbeSTUN(ctx context.Context, uri *stun.URI) (addr string, probeErr error)
 }
 
 // ProbeTURN tries allocating a session from the given TURN URI
-func ProbeTURN(ctx context.Context, uri *stun.URI) (addr string, probeErr error) {
+func (p *StunTurnProbe) probeTURN(ctx context.Context, uri *stun.URI) (addr string, probeErr error) {
 	defer func() {
 		if probeErr != nil {
 			log.Debugf("turn probe error from %s: %s", uri, probeErr)
@@ -160,28 +327,28 @@ func ProbeTURN(ctx context.Context, uri *stun.URI) (addr string, probeErr error)
 	return relayConn.LocalAddr().String(), nil
 }
 
-// ProbeAll probes all given servers asynchronously and returns the results
-func ProbeAll(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	fn func(ctx context.Context, uri *stun.URI) (addr string, probeErr error),
-	relays []*stun.URI,
-) []ProbeResult {
-	results := make([]ProbeResult, len(relays))
+func createErrorResults(stuns []*stun.URI, turns []*stun.URI) []ProbeResult {
+	total := len(stuns) + len(turns)
+	results := make([]ProbeResult, total)
 
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	for i, uri := range relays {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 6*time.Second)
-		defer cancel()
-
-		wg.Add(1)
-		go func(res *ProbeResult, stunURI *stun.URI) {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			res.URI = stunURI.String()
-			res.Addr, res.Err = fn(ctx, stunURI)
-		}(&results[i], uri)
+	allURIs := append(append([]*stun.URI{}, stuns...), turns...)
+	for i, uri := range allURIs {
+		results[i] = ProbeResult{
+			URI: uri.String(),
+			Err: ErrCheckInProgress,
+		}
 	}
 
-	wg.Wait()
-
 	return results
 }
+
+func generateCacheKey(stuns []*stun.URI, turns []*stun.URI) string {
+	h := sha256.New()
+	for _, uri := range stuns {
+		h.Write([]byte(uri.String()))
+	}
+	for _, uri := range turns {
+		h.Write([]byte(uri.String()))
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%x", h.Sum(nil))
+}

client/internal/routemanager/common/params.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package common
 
 import (
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
@@ -25,4 +26,5 @@ type HandlerParams struct {
 	UseNewDNSRoute       bool
 	Firewall             manager.Manager
 	FakeIPManager        *fakeip.Manager
+	ForwarderPort        *atomic.Uint32
 }

client/internal/routemanager/dnsinterceptor/handler.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
@@ -18,7 +19,6 @@ import (
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dnsfwd"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peerstore"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/common"
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ type DnsInterceptor struct {
 	peerStore            *peerstore.Store
 	firewall             firewall.Manager
 	fakeIPManager        *fakeip.Manager
+	forwarderPort        *atomic.Uint32
 }
 
 func New(params common.HandlerParams) *DnsInterceptor {
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ func New(params common.HandlerParams) *DnsInterceptor {
 		firewall:             params.Firewall,
 		fakeIPManager:        params.FakeIPManager,
 		interceptedDomains:   make(domainMap),
+		forwarderPort:        params.ForwarderPort,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -257,7 +259,7 @@ func (d *DnsInterceptor) ServeDNS(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) {
 		r.MsgHdr.AuthenticatedData = true
 	}
 
-	upstream := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", upstreamIP.String(), dnsfwd.ListenPort())
+	upstream := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", upstreamIP.String(), uint16(d.forwarderPort.Load()))
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), dnsTimeout)
 	defer cancel()
 

client/internal/routemanager/manager.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"slices"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/netstack"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/listener"
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peerstore"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/client"
@@ -54,6 +56,7 @@ type Manager interface {
 	SetRouteChangeListener(listener listener.NetworkChangeListener)
 	InitialRouteRange() []string
 	SetFirewall(firewall.Manager) error
+	SetDNSForwarderPort(port uint16)
 	Stop(stateManager *statemanager.Manager)
 }
 
@@ -78,6 +81,7 @@ type DefaultManager struct {
 	ctx                  context.Context
 	stop                 context.CancelFunc
 	mux                  sync.Mutex
+	shutdownWg           sync.WaitGroup
 	clientNetworks       map[route.HAUniqueID]*client.Watcher
 	routeSelector        *routeselector.RouteSelector
 	serverRouter         *server.Router
@@ -101,12 +105,13 @@ type DefaultManager struct {
 	disableServerRoutes bool
 	activeRoutes        map[route.HAUniqueID]client.RouteHandler
 	fakeIPManager       *fakeip.Manager
+	dnsForwarderPort    atomic.Uint32
 }
 
 func NewManager(config ManagerConfig) *DefaultManager {
 	mCTX, cancel := context.WithCancel(config.Context)
 	notifier := notifier.NewNotifier()
-	sysOps := systemops.NewSysOps(config.WGInterface, notifier)
+	sysOps := systemops.New(config.WGInterface, notifier)
 
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && config.WGInterface != nil {
 		nbnet.SetVPNInterfaceName(config.WGInterface.Name())
@@ -130,6 +135,7 @@ func NewManager(config ManagerConfig) *DefaultManager {
 		disableServerRoutes: config.DisableServerRoutes,
 		activeRoutes:        make(map[route.HAUniqueID]client.RouteHandler),
 	}
+	dm.dnsForwarderPort.Store(uint32(nbdns.ForwarderClientPort))
 
 	useNoop := netstack.IsEnabled() || config.DisableClientRoutes
 	dm.setupRefCounters(useNoop)
@@ -270,9 +276,15 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) SetFirewall(firewall firewall.Manager) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// SetDNSForwarderPort sets the DNS forwarder port for route handlers
+func (m *DefaultManager) SetDNSForwarderPort(port uint16) {
+	m.dnsForwarderPort.Store(uint32(port))
+}
+
 // Stop stops the manager watchers and clean firewall rules
 func (m *DefaultManager) Stop(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) {
 	m.stop()
+	m.shutdownWg.Wait()
 	if m.serverRouter != nil {
 		m.serverRouter.CleanUp()
 	}
@@ -345,6 +357,7 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) updateSystemRoutes(newRoutes route.HAMap) error {
 			UseNewDNSRoute:       m.useNewDNSRoute,
 			Firewall:             m.firewall,
 			FakeIPManager:        m.fakeIPManager,
+			ForwarderPort:        &m.dnsForwarderPort,
 		}
 		handler := client.HandlerFromRoute(params)
 		if err := handler.AddRoute(m.ctx); err != nil {
@@ -474,7 +487,11 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) TriggerSelection(networks route.HAMap) {
 		}
 		clientNetworkWatcher := client.NewWatcher(config)
 		m.clientNetworks[id] = clientNetworkWatcher
-		go clientNetworkWatcher.Start()
+		m.shutdownWg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer m.shutdownWg.Done()
+			clientNetworkWatcher.Start()
+		}()
 		clientNetworkWatcher.SendUpdate(client.RoutesUpdate{Routes: routes})
 	}
 
@@ -516,7 +533,11 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) updateClientNetworks(updateSerial uint64, networks rout
 			}
 			clientNetworkWatcher = client.NewWatcher(config)
 			m.clientNetworks[id] = clientNetworkWatcher
-			go clientNetworkWatcher.Start()
+			m.shutdownWg.Add(1)
+			go func() {
+				defer m.shutdownWg.Done()
+				clientNetworkWatcher.Start()
+			}()
 		}
 		update := client.RoutesUpdate{
 			UpdateSerial: updateSerial,

client/internal/routemanager/mock.go

@@ -90,6 +90,10 @@ func (m *MockManager) SetFirewall(firewall.Manager) error {
 	panic("implement me")
 }
 
+// SetDNSForwarderPort mock implementation of SetDNSForwarderPort from Manager interface
+func (m *MockManager) SetDNSForwarderPort(port uint16) {
+}
+
 // Stop mock implementation of Stop from Manager interface
 func (m *MockManager) Stop(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) {
 	if m.StopFunc != nil {

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/flush_nonbsd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//go:build !((darwin && !ios) || dragonfly || freebsd || netbsd || openbsd)
+
+package systemops
+
+// FlushMarkedRoutes is a no-op on non-BSD platforms.
+func (r *SysOps) FlushMarkedRoutes() error {
+	return nil
+}

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/state.go

@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ func (s *ShutdownState) Name() string {
 }
 
 func (s *ShutdownState) Cleanup() error {
-	sysops := NewSysOps(nil, nil)
-	sysops.refCounter = refcounter.New[netip.Prefix, struct{}, Nexthop](nil, sysops.removeFromRouteTable)
-	sysops.refCounter.LoadData((*ExclusionCounter)(s))
+	sysOps := New(nil, nil)
+	sysOps.refCounter = refcounter.New[netip.Prefix, struct{}, Nexthop](nil, sysOps.removeFromRouteTable)
+	sysOps.refCounter.LoadData((*ExclusionCounter)(s))
 
-	return sysops.refCounter.Flush()
+	return sysOps.refCounter.Flush()
 }
 
 func (s *ShutdownState) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops.go

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ type SysOps struct {
 	localSubnetsCacheTime time.Time
 }
 
-func NewSysOps(wgInterface wgIface, notifier *notifier.Notifier) *SysOps {
+func New(wgInterface wgIface, notifier *notifier.Notifier) *SysOps {
 	return &SysOps{
 		wgInterface: wgInterface,
 		notifier:    notifier,

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_bsd_test.go

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func TestConcurrentRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 	_, intf = setupDummyInterface(t)
 	nexthop = Nexthop{netip.Addr{}, intf}
 
-	r := NewSysOps(nil, nil)
+	r := New(nil, nil)
 
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	for i := 0; i < 1024; i++ {
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ func createAndSetupDummyInterface(t *testing.T, intf string, ipAddressCIDR strin
 
 	nexthop := Nexthop{netip.Addr{}, netIntf}
 
-	r := NewSysOps(nil, nil)
+	r := New(nil, nil)
 	err = r.addToRouteTable(prefix, nexthop)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to add route to table")
 

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_generic_test.go

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ func TestAddVPNRoute(t *testing.T) {
 
 			wgInterface := createWGInterface(t, fmt.Sprintf("utun53%d", n), "100.65.75.2/24", 33100+n)
 
-			r := NewSysOps(wgInterface, nil)
+			r := New(wgInterface, nil)
 			advancedRouting := nbnet.AdvancedRouting()
 			err := r.SetupRouting(nil, nil, advancedRouting)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ func TestAddRouteToNonVPNIntf(t *testing.T) {
 
 			wgInterface := createWGInterface(t, fmt.Sprintf("utun54%d", n), "100.65.75.2/24", 33200+n)
 
-			r := NewSysOps(wgInterface, nil)
+			r := New(wgInterface, nil)
 			advancedRouting := nbnet.AdvancedRouting()
 			err := r.SetupRouting(nil, nil, advancedRouting)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ func setupTestEnv(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(t, wgInterface.Close())
 	})
 
-	r := NewSysOps(wgInterface, nil)
+	r := New(wgInterface, nil)
 	advancedRouting := nbnet.AdvancedRouting()
 	err := r.SetupRouting(nil, nil, advancedRouting)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "setupRouting should not return err")

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_unix.go

@@ -7,19 +7,39 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
+	"os"
 	"strconv"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 	"unsafe"
 
 	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.org/x/net/route"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
 )
 
+const (
+	envRouteProtoFlag = "NB_ROUTE_PROTO_FLAG"
+)
+
+var routeProtoFlag int
+
+func init() {
+	switch os.Getenv(envRouteProtoFlag) {
+	case "2":
+		routeProtoFlag = unix.RTF_PROTO2
+	case "3":
+		routeProtoFlag = unix.RTF_PROTO3
+	default:
+		routeProtoFlag = unix.RTF_PROTO1
+	}
+}
+
 func (r *SysOps) SetupRouting(initAddresses []net.IP, stateManager *statemanager.Manager, advancedRouting bool) error {
 	return r.setupRefCounter(initAddresses, stateManager)
 }
@@ -28,6 +48,62 @@ func (r *SysOps) CleanupRouting(stateManager *statemanager.Manager, advancedRout
 	return r.cleanupRefCounter(stateManager)
 }
 
+// FlushMarkedRoutes removes single IP exclusion routes marked with the configured RTF_PROTO flag.
+func (r *SysOps) FlushMarkedRoutes() error {
+	rib, err := retryFetchRIB()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("fetch routing table: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	msgs, err := route.ParseRIB(route.RIBTypeRoute, rib)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("parse routing table: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	flushedCount := 0
+
+	for _, msg := range msgs {
+		rtMsg, ok := msg.(*route.RouteMessage)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if rtMsg.Flags&routeProtoFlag == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		routeInfo, err := MsgToRoute(rtMsg)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("Skipping route flush: %v", err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if !routeInfo.Dst.IsValid() || !routeInfo.Dst.IsSingleIP() {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		nexthop := Nexthop{
+			IP:   routeInfo.Gw,
+			Intf: routeInfo.Interface,
+		}
+
+		if err := r.removeFromRouteTable(routeInfo.Dst, nexthop); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove route %s: %w", routeInfo.Dst, err))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		flushedCount++
+		log.Debugf("Flushed marked route: %s", routeInfo.Dst)
+	}
+
+	if flushedCount > 0 {
+		log.Infof("Flushed %d residual NetBird routes from previous session", flushedCount)
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
 func (r *SysOps) addToRouteTable(prefix netip.Prefix, nexthop Nexthop) error {
 	return r.routeSocket(unix.RTM_ADD, prefix, nexthop)
 }
@@ -105,7 +181,7 @@ func (r *SysOps) routeOp(action int, prefix netip.Prefix, nexthop Nexthop) func(
 func (r *SysOps) buildRouteMessage(action int, prefix netip.Prefix, nexthop Nexthop) (msg *route.RouteMessage, err error) {
 	msg = &route.RouteMessage{
 		Type:    action,
-		Flags:   unix.RTF_UP,
+		Flags:   unix.RTF_UP | routeProtoFlag,
 		Version: unix.RTM_VERSION,
 		Seq:     r.getSeq(),
 	}

client/internal/routeselector/routeselector.go

@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
 	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 )
@@ -128,13 +126,11 @@ func (rs *RouteSelector) IsSelected(routeID route.NetID) bool {
 	defer rs.mu.RUnlock()
 
 	if rs.deselectAll {
-		log.Debugf("Route %s not selected (deselect all)", routeID)
 		return false
 	}
 
 	_, deselected := rs.deselectedRoutes[routeID]
 	isSelected := !deselected
-	log.Debugf("Route %s selection status: %v (deselected: %v)", routeID, isSelected, deselected)
 	return isSelected
 }
 

client/internal/statemanager/manager.go

@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ func (m *Manager) loadStateFile(deleteCorrupt bool) (map[string]json.RawMessage,
 	data, err := os.ReadFile(m.filePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
-			log.Debug("state file does not exist")
+			log.Debugf("state file %s does not exist", m.filePath)
 			return nil, nil // nolint:nilnil
 		}
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read state file: %w", err)

client/internal/winregistry/volatile_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package winregistry
+
+import (
+	"syscall"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows/registry"
+)
+
+var (
+	advapi          = syscall.NewLazyDLL("advapi32.dll")
+	regCreateKeyExW = advapi.NewProc("RegCreateKeyExW")
+)
+
+const (
+	// Registry key options
+	regOptionNonVolatile = 0x0 // Key is preserved when system is rebooted
+	regOptionVolatile    = 0x1 // Key is not preserved when system is rebooted
+
+	// Registry disposition values
+	regCreatedNewKey     = 0x1
+	regOpenedExistingKey = 0x2
+)
+
+// CreateVolatileKey creates a volatile registry key named path under open key root.
+// CreateVolatileKey returns the new key and a boolean flag that reports whether the key already existed.
+// The access parameter specifies the access rights for the key to be created.
+//
+// Volatile keys are stored in memory and are automatically deleted when the system is shut down.
+// This provides automatic cleanup without requiring manual registry maintenance.
+func CreateVolatileKey(root registry.Key, path string, access uint32) (registry.Key, bool, error) {
+	pathPtr, err := syscall.UTF16PtrFromString(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, false, err
+	}
+
+	var (
+		handle      syscall.Handle
+		disposition uint32
+	)
+
+	ret, _, _ := regCreateKeyExW.Call(
+		uintptr(root),
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(pathPtr)),
+		0,                          // reserved
+		0,                          // class
+		uintptr(regOptionVolatile), // options - volatile key
+		uintptr(access),            // desired access
+		0,                          // security attributes
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&handle)),
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&disposition)),
+	)
+
+	if ret != 0 {
+		return 0, false, syscall.Errno(ret)
+	}
+
+	return registry.Key(handle), disposition == regOpenedExistingKey, nil
+}