diff --git a/.github/dependabot.yml b/.github/dependabot.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b78b1417a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 15
+    groups:
+      actions:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
+    ignore:
+      # git-town/action v1.3.x crashes on cyclic PR graphs (self-loop main->main
+      # fork PRs) via its topological-sort visualization. Pinned to v1.2.1 in
+      # git-town.yml; block v1.3.x until upstream tolerates cyclic edges.
+      - dependency-name: "git-town/action"
+        update-types:
+          - "version-update:semver-minor"
+          - "version-update:semver-major"
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
+    directories:
+      - "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 15
+    groups:
+      aws-sdk:
+        patterns:
+          - "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/*"
+      pion:
+        patterns:
+          - "github.com/pion/*"
+      gorm:
+        patterns:
+          - "gorm.io/*"
+      otel:
+        patterns:
+          - "go.opentelemetry.io/*"
+      testcontainers:
+        patterns:
+          - "github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go/*"
+      wireguard:
+        patterns:
+          - "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard*"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/check-license-dependencies.yml b/.github/workflows/check-license-dependencies.yml
index a721cb516..8acd645e2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/check-license-dependencies.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/check-license-dependencies.yml
@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ name: Check License Dependencies
 
 on:
   push:
-    branches: [ main ]
+    branches: [main]
     paths:
-      - 'go.mod'
-      - 'go.sum'
-      - '.github/workflows/check-license-dependencies.yml'
+      - "go.mod"
+      - "go.sum"
+      - ".github/workflows/check-license-dependencies.yml"
   pull_request:
     paths:
-      - 'go.mod'
-      - 'go.sum'
-      - '.github/workflows/check-license-dependencies.yml'
+      - "go.mod"
+      - "go.sum"
+      - ".github/workflows/check-license-dependencies.yml"
 
 jobs:
   check-internal-dependencies:
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Check for problematic license dependencies
         run: |
@@ -56,55 +59,57 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
-    - name: Set up Go
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-      with:
-        go-version-file: 'go.mod'
-        cache: true
+      - name: Set up Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
+        with:
+          go-version-file: "go.mod"
+          cache: true
 
-    - name: Install go-licenses
-      run: go install github.com/google/go-licenses@v1.6.0
+      - name: Install go-licenses
+        run: go install github.com/google/go-licenses@v1.6.0
 
-    - name: Check for GPL/AGPL licensed dependencies
-      run: |
-        echo "Checking for GPL/AGPL/LGPL licensed dependencies..."
-        echo ""
-
-        # Check all Go packages for copyleft licenses, excluding internal netbird packages
-        COPYLEFT_DEPS=$(go-licenses report ./... 2>/dev/null | grep -E 'GPL|AGPL|LGPL' | grep -v 'github.com/netbirdio/netbird/' || true)
-
-        if [ -n "$COPYLEFT_DEPS" ]; then
-          echo "Found copyleft licensed dependencies:"
-          echo "$COPYLEFT_DEPS"
+      - name: Check for GPL/AGPL licensed dependencies
+        run: |
+          echo "Checking for GPL/AGPL/LGPL licensed dependencies..."
           echo ""
 
-          # Filter out dependencies that are only pulled in by internal AGPL packages
-          INCOMPATIBLE=""
-          while IFS=',' read -r package url license; do
-            if echo "$license" | grep -qE 'GPL-[0-9]|AGPL-[0-9]|LGPL-[0-9]'; then
-              # Find ALL packages that import this GPL package using go list
-              IMPORTERS=$(go list -json -deps ./... 2>/dev/null | jq -r "select(.Imports[]? == \"$package\") | .ImportPath")
+          # Check all Go packages for copyleft licenses, excluding internal netbird packages
+          COPYLEFT_DEPS=$(go-licenses report ./... 2>/dev/null | grep -E 'GPL|AGPL|LGPL' | grep -v 'github.com/netbirdio/netbird/' || true)
 
-              # Check if any importer is NOT in management/signal/relay
-              BSD_IMPORTER=$(echo "$IMPORTERS" | grep -v "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/\(management\|signal\|relay\|proxy\|combined\|tools/idp-migrate\)" | head -1)
-
-              if [ -n "$BSD_IMPORTER" ]; then
-                echo "❌ $package ($license) is imported by BSD-licensed code: $BSD_IMPORTER"
-                INCOMPATIBLE="${INCOMPATIBLE}${package},${url},${license}\n"
-              else
-                echo "✓ $package ($license) is only used by internal AGPL packages - OK"
-              fi
-            fi
-          done <<< "$COPYLEFT_DEPS"
-
-          if [ -n "$INCOMPATIBLE" ]; then
+          if [ -n "$COPYLEFT_DEPS" ]; then
+            echo "Found copyleft licensed dependencies:"
+            echo "$COPYLEFT_DEPS"
             echo ""
-            echo "❌ INCOMPATIBLE licenses found that are used by BSD-licensed code:"
-            echo -e "$INCOMPATIBLE"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-        fi
 
-        echo "✅ All external license dependencies are compatible with BSD-3-Clause"
+            # Filter out dependencies that are only pulled in by internal AGPL packages
+            INCOMPATIBLE=""
+            while IFS=',' read -r package url license; do
+              if echo "$license" | grep -qE 'GPL-[0-9]|AGPL-[0-9]|LGPL-[0-9]'; then
+                # Find ALL packages that import this GPL package using go list
+                IMPORTERS=$(go list -json -deps ./... 2>/dev/null | jq -r "select(.Imports[]? == \"$package\") | .ImportPath")
+
+                # Check if any importer is NOT in management/signal/relay
+                BSD_IMPORTER=$(echo "$IMPORTERS" | grep -v "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/\(management\|signal\|relay\|proxy\|combined\|tools/idp-migrate\)" | head -1)
+
+                if [ -n "$BSD_IMPORTER" ]; then
+                  echo "❌ $package ($license) is imported by BSD-licensed code: $BSD_IMPORTER"
+                  INCOMPATIBLE="${INCOMPATIBLE}${package},${url},${license}\n"
+                else
+                  echo "✓ $package ($license) is only used by internal AGPL packages - OK"
+                fi
+              fi
+            done <<< "$COPYLEFT_DEPS"
+
+            if [ -n "$INCOMPATIBLE" ]; then
+              echo ""
+              echo "❌ INCOMPATIBLE licenses found that are used by BSD-licensed code:"
+              echo -e "$INCOMPATIBLE"
+              exit 1
+            fi
+          fi
+
+          echo "✅ All external license dependencies are compatible with BSD-3-Clause"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/docs-ack.yml b/.github/workflows/docs-ack.yml
index f11142a36..7e34e2f8a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/docs-ack.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docs-ack.yml
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Verify docs PR exists (and is open or merged)
         if: steps.validate.outputs.mode == 'added'
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         id: verify
         with:
           pr_number: ${{ steps.extract.outputs.pr_number }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/forum.yml b/.github/workflows/forum.yml
index a26a72586..75543ef8b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/forum.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/forum.yml
@@ -8,11 +8,10 @@ jobs:
   post:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: roots/discourse-topic-github-release-action@main
+      - uses: roots/discourse-topic-github-release-action@557d74ea05b6cc0c47f555c1d5d28a89d904005b # v1.1.0
         with:
           discourse-api-key: ${{ secrets.DISCOURSE_RELEASES_API_KEY }}
           discourse-base-url: https://forum.netbird.io
           discourse-author-username: NetBird
           discourse-category: 17
-          discourse-tags:
-            releases
+          discourse-tags: releases
diff --git a/.github/workflows/git-town.yml b/.github/workflows/git-town.yml
index 699ed7d93..3f145020f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/git-town.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/git-town.yml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name: Git Town
 on:
   pull_request:
     branches:
-      - '**'
+      - "**"
 
 jobs:
   git-town:
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ jobs:
       pull-requests: write
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: git-town/action@v1.2.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - uses: git-town/action@3d8b878379abb1ee393fb49865a28b4a6c2cd3b0 # v1.2.1
         with:
           skip-single-stacks: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/golang-test-darwin.yml b/.github/workflows/golang-test-darwin.yml
index 0528ed086..200e888ba 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/golang-test-darwin.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/golang-test-darwin.yml
@@ -16,16 +16,18 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: macos-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
           path: ~/go/pkg/mod
           key: macos-gotest-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
@@ -44,4 +46,3 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Test
         run: NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} CI=true go test -tags=devcert -exec 'sudo --preserve-env=CI,NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE' -timeout 5m -p 1 $(go list ./... | grep -v -e /management -e /signal -e /relay -e /proxy -e /combined)
-
diff --git a/.github/workflows/golang-test-freebsd.yml b/.github/workflows/golang-test-freebsd.yml
index 2c029b117..9a81d3e4c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/golang-test-freebsd.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/golang-test-freebsd.yml
@@ -15,20 +15,31 @@ jobs:
     name: "Client / Unit"
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Read Go version from go.mod
+        id: goversion
+        run: echo "version=$(awk '/^go / {print $2}' go.mod)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
       - name: Test in FreeBSD
         id: test
-        uses: vmactions/freebsd-vm@v1
+        env:
+          GO_VERSION: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.version }}
+        uses: vmactions/freebsd-vm@d1e65811565151536c0c894fff74f06351ed26e6 # v1.4.5
         with:
           usesh: true
           copyback: false
-          release: "14.2"
+          release: "15.0"
+          envs: "GO_VERSION"
           prepare: |
             pkg install -y curl pkgconf xorg
-            GO_TARBALL="go1.25.3.freebsd-amd64.tar.gz"
+            GO_TARBALL="go${GO_VERSION}.freebsd-amd64.tar.gz"
             GO_URL="https://go.dev/dl/$GO_TARBALL"
             curl -vLO "$GO_URL"
-            tar -C /usr/local -vxzf "$GO_TARBALL"            
+            tar -C /usr/local -vxzf "$GO_TARBALL"
 
           # -x - to print all executed commands
           # -e - to faile on first error
diff --git a/.github/workflows/golang-test-linux.yml b/.github/workflows/golang-test-linux.yml
index 450c44aea..fc4187b8f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/golang-test-linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/golang-test-linux.yml
@@ -18,9 +18,11 @@ jobs:
       management: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.management }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
-      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@v3
+      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@fbd0ab8f3e69293af611ebaee6363fc25e6d187d # v4.0.1
         id: filter
         with:
           filters: |
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
               - 'management/**'
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
@@ -36,10 +38,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Get Go environment
         run: |
           echo "cache=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV     
+          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         id: cache
         with:
           path: |
@@ -113,14 +115,16 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        arch: [ '386','amd64' ]
+        arch: ["386", "amd64"]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
@@ -128,10 +132,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Get Go environment
         run: |
           echo "cache=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV     
+          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
           path: |
             ${{ env.cache }}
@@ -158,14 +162,16 @@ jobs:
 
   test_client_on_docker:
     name: "Client (Docker) / Unit"
-    needs: [ build-cache ]
+    needs: [build-cache]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
@@ -177,7 +183,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "modcache_dir=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         id: cache-restore
         with:
           path: |
@@ -231,10 +237,12 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
@@ -246,10 +254,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Get Go environment
         run: |
           echo "cache=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV     
+          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
           path: |
             ${{ env.cache }}
@@ -277,14 +285,16 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        arch: [ '386','amd64' ]
+        arch: ["386", "amd64"]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
@@ -298,7 +308,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
           path: |
             ${{ env.cache }}
@@ -324,14 +334,16 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        arch: [ '386','amd64' ]
+        arch: ["386", "amd64"]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
@@ -343,10 +355,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Get Go environment
         run: |
           echo "cache=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV     
+          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
           path: |
             ${{ env.cache }}
@@ -370,19 +382,21 @@ jobs:
 
   test_management:
     name: "Management / Unit"
-    needs: [ build-cache ]
+    needs: [build-cache]
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        arch: [ 'amd64' ]
-        store: [ 'sqlite', 'postgres', 'mysql' ]
+        arch: ["amd64"]
+        store: ["sqlite", "postgres", "mysql"]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
@@ -390,10 +404,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Get Go environment
         run: |
           echo "cache=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV     
+          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
           path: |
             ${{ env.cache }}
@@ -410,7 +424,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Login to Docker hub
         if: github.event.pull_request && github.event.pull_request.head.repo && github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == '' || github.repository == github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name || !github.head_ref
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@650006c6eb7dba73a995cc03b0b2d7f5ca915bee # v4.2.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_TOKEN }}
@@ -427,7 +441,7 @@ jobs:
         run: docker pull mlsmaycon/warmed-mysql:8
 
       - name: Test
-        run: |          
+        run: |
           CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} \
           NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} \
             CI=true \
@@ -437,13 +451,13 @@ jobs:
 
   benchmark:
     name: "Management / Benchmark"
-    needs: [ build-cache ]
+    needs: [build-cache]
     if: ${{ needs.build-cache.outputs.management == 'true' || github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        arch: [ 'amd64' ]
-        store: [ 'sqlite', 'postgres' ]
+        arch: ["amd64"]
+        store: ["sqlite", "postgres"]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - name: Create Docker network
@@ -474,10 +488,12 @@ jobs:
             prom/prometheus
 
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
@@ -485,10 +501,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Get Go environment
         run: |
           echo "cache=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV     
+          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
           path: |
             ${{ env.cache }}
@@ -505,7 +521,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Login to Docker hub
         if: github.event.pull_request && github.event.pull_request.head.repo && github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == '' || github.repository == github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name || !github.head_ref
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@650006c6eb7dba73a995cc03b0b2d7f5ca915bee # v4.2.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_TOKEN }}
@@ -529,13 +545,13 @@ jobs:
 
   api_benchmark:
     name: "Management / Benchmark (API)"
-    needs: [ build-cache ]
+    needs: [build-cache]
     if: ${{ needs.build-cache.outputs.management == 'true' || github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        arch: [ 'amd64' ]
-        store: [ 'sqlite', 'postgres' ]
+        arch: ["amd64"]
+        store: ["sqlite", "postgres"]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - name: Create Docker network
@@ -566,10 +582,12 @@ jobs:
             prom/prometheus
 
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
@@ -577,10 +595,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Get Go environment
         run: |
           echo "cache=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV     
+          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
           path: |
             ${{ env.cache }}
@@ -597,7 +615,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Login to Docker hub
         if: github.event.pull_request && github.event.pull_request.head.repo && github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == '' || github.repository == github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name || !github.head_ref
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@650006c6eb7dba73a995cc03b0b2d7f5ca915bee # v4.2.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_TOKEN }}
@@ -623,20 +641,22 @@ jobs:
 
   api_integration_test:
     name: "Management / Integration"
-    needs: [ build-cache ]
+    needs: [build-cache]
     if: ${{ needs.build-cache.outputs.management == 'true' || github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        arch: [ 'amd64' ]
-        store: [ 'sqlite', 'postgres']
+        arch: ["amd64"]
+        store: ["sqlite", "postgres"]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
@@ -644,10 +664,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Get Go environment
         run: |
           echo "cache=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV     
+          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
           path: |
             ${{ env.cache }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/golang-test-windows.yml b/.github/workflows/golang-test-windows.yml
index 8e672043d..8712cc879 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/golang-test-windows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/golang-test-windows.yml
@@ -18,10 +18,12 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
         id: go
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
           path: |
             ${{ env.cache }}
@@ -44,16 +46,15 @@ jobs:
             ${{ runner.os }}-go-
 
       - name: Download wintun
-        uses: carlosperate/download-file-action@v2
         id: download-wintun
+        uses: netbirdio/shared-actions/actions/win-download-and-verify@be5df6047383da2236e02243cceb857d8567c27e # v0.0.2
         with:
-          file-url: https://pkgs.netbird.io/wintun/wintun-0.14.1.zip
-          file-name: wintun.zip
-          location: ${{ env.downloadPath }}
-          sha256: '07c256185d6ee3652e09fa55c0b673e2624b565e02c4b9091c79ca7d2f24ef51'
+          url: https://pkgs.netbird.io/wintun/wintun-0.14.1.zip
+          destination: ${{ env.downloadPath }}\wintun.zip
+          sha256: 07c256185d6ee3652e09fa55c0b673e2624b565e02c4b9091c79ca7d2f24ef51
 
       - name: Decompressing wintun files
-        run: tar -zvxf "${{ steps.download-wintun.outputs.file-path }}" -C ${{ env.downloadPath }}
+        run: tar -xvf "${{ steps.download-wintun.outputs.file-path }}" -C ${{ env.downloadPath }}
 
       - run: mv ${{ env.downloadPath }}/wintun/bin/amd64/wintun.dll 'C:\Windows\System32\'
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml b/.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml
index 7b7b32ec0..8f6d1ddb0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml
@@ -15,9 +15,11 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - name: codespell
-        uses: codespell-project/actions-codespell@v2
+        uses: codespell-project/actions-codespell@8f01853be192eb0f849a5c7d721450e7a467c579 # v2.2
         with:
           ignore_words_list: erro,clienta,hastable,iif,groupd,testin,groupe,cros,ans,deriver,te,userA,ede,additionals
           skip: go.mod,go.sum,**/proxy/web/**
@@ -38,13 +40,15 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 15
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - name: Check for duplicate constants
         if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
         run: |
           ! awk '/const \(/,/)/{print $0}' management/server/activity/codes.go | grep -o '= [0-9]*' | sort | uniq -d | grep .
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
@@ -52,7 +56,7 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
         run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev libpcap-dev
       - name: golangci-lint
-        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@4afd733a84b1f43292c63897423277bb7f4313a9 # v8.0.0
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@82606bf257cbaff209d206a39f5134f0cfbfd2ee #v9.2.1
         with:
           version: latest
           skip-cache: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/install-script-test.yml b/.github/workflows/install-script-test.yml
index 22d002a48..aec9f6300 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/install-script-test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/install-script-test.yml
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: run install script
         env:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/mobile-build-validation.yml b/.github/workflows/mobile-build-validation.yml
index 8325fbf2d..8e0538104 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/mobile-build-validation.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/mobile-build-validation.yml
@@ -16,23 +16,25 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
       - name: Setup Android SDK
-        uses: android-actions/setup-android@v3
+        uses: android-actions/setup-android@40fd30fb8d7440372e1316f5d1809ec01dcd3699 # v4.0.1
         with:
           cmdline-tools-version: 8512546
       - name: Setup Java
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-java@be666c2fcd27ec809703dec50e508c2fdc7f6654
         with:
           java-version: "11"
           distribution: "adopt"
       - name: NDK Cache
         id: ndk-cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
           path: /usr/local/lib/android/sdk/ndk
           key: ndk-cache-23.1.7779620
@@ -52,9 +54,11 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: macos-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
       - name: install gomobile
diff --git a/.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml b/.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml
index a2e6ce219..67d65356c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Validate PR title prefix
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
             const title = context.payload.pull_request.title;
diff --git a/.github/workflows/proto-version-check.yml b/.github/workflows/proto-version-check.yml
index ea300419d..fd2c2c908 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/proto-version-check.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/proto-version-check.yml
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Check for proto tool version changes
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
             const files = await github.paginate(github.rest.pulls.listFiles, {
@@ -20,34 +20,83 @@ jobs:
               per_page: 100,
             });
 
-            const pbFiles = files.filter(f => f.filename.endsWith('.pb.go'));
-            const missingPatch = pbFiles.filter(f => !f.patch).map(f => f.filename);
-            if (missingPatch.length > 0) {
-              core.setFailed(
-                `Cannot inspect patch data for:\n` +
-                missingPatch.map(f => `- ${f}`).join('\n') +
-                `\nThis can happen with very large PRs. Verify proto versions manually.`
-              );
+            // Cover renamed .pb.go files in addition to plain edits.
+            // Renamed entries land under the new path with previous_filename
+            // pointing at the base-side name, so we read the base content
+            // from the old path when present.
+            const changedPbFiles = files
+              .filter(f => (f.status === 'modified' || f.status === 'renamed')
+                && f.filename.endsWith('.pb.go'))
+              .map(f => ({
+                headPath: f.filename,
+                basePath: f.previous_filename || f.filename,
+              }));
+            if (changedPbFiles.length === 0) {
+              console.log('No modified or renamed .pb.go files to check');
               return;
             }
-            const versionPattern = /^[+-]\s*\/\/\s+protoc(?:-gen-go)?\s+v[\d.]+/;
-            const violations = [];
 
-            for (const file of pbFiles) {
-              const changed = file.patch
-                .split('\n')
-                .filter(line => versionPattern.test(line));
-              if (changed.length > 0) {
+            // Matches the generator version headers protoc writes at the top
+            // of generated files:
+            //   //   protoc           v3.21.12
+            //   //   protoc-gen-go    v1.26.0
+            //   // - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.6.1   (grpc files prefix with "- ")
+            // The optional "- " prefix and the optional -gen-go / -gen-go-grpc
+            // suffixes keep the *_grpc.pb.go headers in scope.
+            const versionPattern = /^\s*\/\/\s+(?:-\s+)?protoc(?:-gen-go(?:-grpc)?)?\s+v[\d.]+/;
+            const baseSha = context.payload.pull_request.base.sha;
+            const headSha = context.payload.pull_request.head.sha;
+
+            async function getVersionHeader(path, ref) {
+              try {
+                const res = await github.rest.repos.getContent({
+                  owner: context.repo.owner,
+                  repo: context.repo.repo,
+                  path,
+                  ref,
+                });
+                if (!res.data.content) {
+                  return { ok: false, reason: 'no inline content (file too large)' };
+                }
+                const content = Buffer.from(res.data.content, 'base64').toString('utf8');
+                const lines = content
+                  .split('\n')
+                  .slice(0, 20)
+                  .filter(line => versionPattern.test(line));
+                return { ok: true, lines };
+              } catch (e) {
+                return { ok: false, reason: e.message };
+              }
+            }
+
+            const violations = [];
+            for (const file of changedPbFiles) {
+              const [base, head] = await Promise.all([
+                getVersionHeader(file.basePath, baseSha),
+                getVersionHeader(file.headPath, headSha),
+              ]);
+              if (!base.ok || !head.ok) {
+                core.warning(
+                  `Skipping ${file.headPath}: base=${base.ok ? 'ok' : base.reason}, head=${head.ok ? 'ok' : head.reason}`
+                );
+                continue;
+              }
+              if (base.lines.join('\n') !== head.lines.join('\n')) {
                 violations.push({
-                  file: file.filename,
-                  lines: changed,
+                  file: file.basePath === file.headPath
+                    ? file.headPath
+                    : `${file.basePath} → ${file.headPath}`,
+                  base: base.lines,
+                  head: head.lines,
                 });
               }
             }
 
             if (violations.length > 0) {
               const details = violations.map(v =>
-                `${v.file}:\n${v.lines.map(l => '  ' + l).join('\n')}`
+                `${v.file}:\n` +
+                `  base:\n${v.base.map(l => '    ' + l).join('\n') || '    (none)'}\n` +
+                `  head:\n${v.head.map(l => '    ' + l).join('\n') || '    (none)'}`
               ).join('\n\n');
 
               core.setFailed(
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index c1ae01a98..cae6aa873 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ on:
   pull_request:
 
 env:
-  SIGN_PIPE_VER: "v0.1.4"
+  SIGN_PIPE_VER: "v0.1.5"
   GORELEASER_VER: "v2.14.3"
   PRODUCT_NAME: "NetBird"
   COPYRIGHT: "NetBird GmbH"
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Generate FreeBSD port diff
         run: bash release_files/freebsd-port-diff.sh
@@ -51,19 +53,26 @@ jobs:
           echo "Generated files for version: $VERSION"
           cat netbird-*.diff
 
+      - name: Read Go version from go.mod
+        id: goversion
+        run: echo "version=$(awk '/^go / {print $2}' go.mod)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
       - name: Test FreeBSD port
         if: steps.check_diff.outputs.diff_exists == 'true'
-        uses: vmactions/freebsd-vm@v1
+        env:
+          GO_VERSION: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.version }}
+        uses: vmactions/freebsd-vm@d1e65811565151536c0c894fff74f06351ed26e6 # v1.4.5
         with:
           usesh: true
           copyback: false
           release: "15.0"
+          envs: "GO_VERSION"
           prepare: |
             # Install required packages
-            pkg install -y git curl portlint go
+            pkg install -y git curl portlint
 
             # Install Go for building
-            GO_TARBALL="go1.25.5.freebsd-amd64.tar.gz"
+            GO_TARBALL="go${GO_VERSION}.freebsd-amd64.tar.gz"
             GO_URL="https://go.dev/dl/$GO_TARBALL"
             curl -LO "$GO_URL"
             tar -C /usr/local -xzf "$GO_TARBALL"
@@ -93,19 +102,19 @@ jobs:
 
             # Show patched Makefile
             version=$(cat security/netbird/Makefile | grep -E '^DISTVERSION=' | awk '{print $NF}')
-            
+
             cd /usr/ports/security/netbird
             export BATCH=yes
             make package
             pkg add ./work/pkg/netbird-*.pkg
-            
+
             netbird version | grep "$version"
 
             echo "FreeBSD port test completed successfully!"
 
       - name: Upload FreeBSD port files
         if: steps.check_diff.outputs.diff_exists == 'true'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a #v7.0.1
         with:
           name: freebsd-port-files
           path: |
@@ -124,26 +133,25 @@ jobs:
     env:
       flags: ""
     steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0 # It is required for GoReleaser to work properly
+          persist-credentials: false
+
       - name: Parse semver string
         id: semver_parser
-        uses: booxmedialtd/ws-action-parse-semver@v1
-        with:
-          input_string: ${{ (startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') && github.ref) || 'refs/tags/v0.0.0' }}
-          version_extractor_regex: '\/v(.*)$'
+        uses: netbirdio/shared-actions/actions/parse-semver@be5df6047383da2236e02243cceb857d8567c27e # v0.0.2
 
       - if: ${{ !startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
         run: echo "flags=--snapshot" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0 # It is required for GoReleaser to work properly
       - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
           path: |
             ~/go/pkg/mod
@@ -156,18 +164,18 @@ jobs:
       - name: check git status
         run: git --no-pager diff --exit-code
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@ce360397dd3f832beb865e1373c09c0e9f86d70a #v4.0.0
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd #v4.0.0
       - name: Login to Docker hub
         if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
-        uses: docker/login-action@v1
+        uses: docker/login-action@650006c6eb7dba73a995cc03b0b2d7f5ca915bee # v4.2.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_TOKEN }}
       - name: Log in to the GitHub container registry
         if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@650006c6eb7dba73a995cc03b0b2d7f5ca915bee # v4.2.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -191,7 +199,7 @@ jobs:
         run: goversioninfo -arm -64 -icon client/ui/assets/netbird.ico -manifest client/manifest.xml -product-name ${{ env.PRODUCT_NAME }} -copyright "${{ env.COPYRIGHT }}" -ver-major ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.major }} -ver-minor ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.minor }} -ver-patch ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.patch }} -ver-build 0 -file-version ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.fullversion }}.0 -product-version ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.fullversion }}.0 -o client/resources_windows_arm64.syso
       - name: Run GoReleaser
         id: goreleaser
-        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v4
+        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@4c6ab561adb47e50c45ef534e2155934e91c40c1 # v7.2.0
         with:
           version: ${{ env.GORELEASER_VER }}
           args: release --clean ${{ env.flags }}
@@ -282,28 +290,28 @@ jobs:
           } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - name: upload non tags for debug purposes
         id: upload_release
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a #v7.0.1
         with:
           name: release
           path: dist/
           retention-days: 7
       - name: upload linux packages
         id: upload_linux_packages
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a #v7.0.1
         with:
           name: linux-packages
           path: dist/netbird_linux**
           retention-days: 7
       - name: upload windows packages
         id: upload_windows_packages
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a #v7.0.1
         with:
           name: windows-packages
           path: dist/netbird_windows**
           retention-days: 7
       - name: upload macos packages
         id: upload_macos_packages
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a #v7.0.1
         with:
           name: macos-packages
           path: dist/netbird_darwin**
@@ -314,27 +322,26 @@ jobs:
     outputs:
       release_ui_artifact_url: ${{ steps.upload_release_ui.outputs.artifact-url }}
     steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0 # It is required for GoReleaser to work properly
+          persist-credentials: false
+
       - name: Parse semver string
         id: semver_parser
-        uses: booxmedialtd/ws-action-parse-semver@v1
-        with:
-          input_string: ${{ (startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') && github.ref) || 'refs/tags/v0.0.0' }}
-          version_extractor_regex: '\/v(.*)$'
+        uses: netbirdio/shared-actions/actions/parse-semver@be5df6047383da2236e02243cceb857d8567c27e # v0.0.2
 
       - if: ${{ !startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
         run: echo "flags=--snapshot" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0 # It is required for GoReleaser to work properly
 
       - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
           path: |
             ~/go/pkg/mod
@@ -375,7 +382,7 @@ jobs:
         run: goversioninfo -arm -64 -icon client/ui/assets/netbird.ico -manifest client/ui/manifest.xml -product-name ${{ env.PRODUCT_NAME }}-"UI" -copyright "${{ env.COPYRIGHT }}" -ver-major ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.major }} -ver-minor ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.minor }} -ver-patch ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.patch }} -ver-build 0 -file-version ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.fullversion }}.0 -product-version ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.fullversion }}.0 -o client/ui/resources_windows_arm64.syso
 
       - name: Run GoReleaser
-        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v4
+        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@4c6ab561adb47e50c45ef534e2155934e91c40c1 # v7.2.0
         with:
           version: ${{ env.GORELEASER_VER }}
           args: release --config .goreleaser_ui.yaml --clean ${{ env.flags }}
@@ -404,7 +411,7 @@ jobs:
         run: rm -f /tmp/gpg-rpm-signing-key.asc
       - name: upload non tags for debug purposes
         id: upload_release_ui
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a #v7.0.1
         with:
           name: release-ui
           path: dist/
@@ -418,16 +425,17 @@ jobs:
       - if: ${{ !startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
         run: echo "flags=--snapshot" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0 # It is required for GoReleaser to work properly
+          persist-credentials: false
       - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
           path: |
             ~/go/pkg/mod
@@ -441,7 +449,7 @@ jobs:
         run: git --no-pager diff --exit-code
       - name: Run GoReleaser
         id: goreleaser
-        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v4
+        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@4c6ab561adb47e50c45ef534e2155934e91c40c1 # v7.2.0
         with:
           version: ${{ env.GORELEASER_VER }}
           args: release --config .goreleaser_ui_darwin.yaml --clean ${{ env.flags }}
@@ -449,7 +457,7 @@ jobs:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: upload non tags for debug purposes
         id: upload_release_ui_darwin
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a #v7.0.1
         with:
           name: release-ui-darwin
           path: dist/
@@ -474,27 +482,26 @@ jobs:
       PackageWorkdir: netbird_windows_${{ matrix.arch }}
       downloadPath: '${{ github.workspace }}\temp'
     steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
       - name: Parse semver string
         id: semver_parser
-        uses: booxmedialtd/ws-action-parse-semver@v1
-        with:
-          input_string: ${{ (startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') && github.ref) || 'refs/tags/v0.0.0' }}
-          version_extractor_regex: '\/v(.*)$'
-
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: netbirdio/shared-actions/actions/parse-semver@be5df6047383da2236e02243cceb857d8567c27e # v0.0.2
 
       - name: Add 7-Zip to PATH
         run: echo "C:\Program Files\7-Zip" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
 
       - name: Download release artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@70fc10c6e5e1ce46ad2ea6f2b72d43f7d47b13c3 # v8.0.1
         with:
           name: release
           path: release
 
       - name: Download UI release artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@70fc10c6e5e1ce46ad2ea6f2b72d43f7d47b13c3 # v8.0.1
         with:
           name: release-ui
           path: release-ui
@@ -514,29 +521,27 @@ jobs:
           Get-ChildItem $workdir
 
       - name: Download wintun
-        uses: carlosperate/download-file-action@v2
         id: download-wintun
+        uses: netbirdio/shared-actions/actions/win-download-and-verify@be5df6047383da2236e02243cceb857d8567c27e # v0.0.2
         with:
-          file-url: https://pkgs.netbird.io/wintun/wintun-0.14.1.zip
-          file-name: wintun.zip
-          location: ${{ env.downloadPath }}
-          sha256: '07c256185d6ee3652e09fa55c0b673e2624b565e02c4b9091c79ca7d2f24ef51'
+          url: https://pkgs.netbird.io/wintun/wintun-0.14.1.zip
+          destination: ${{ env.downloadPath }}\wintun.zip
+          sha256: 07c256185d6ee3652e09fa55c0b673e2624b565e02c4b9091c79ca7d2f24ef51
 
       - name: Decompress wintun files
-        run: tar -zvxf "${{ steps.download-wintun.outputs.file-path }}" -C ${{ env.downloadPath }}
+        run: tar -xvf "${{ env.downloadPath }}\wintun.zip" -C ${{ env.downloadPath }}
 
       - name: Move wintun.dll into dist
         run: mv ${{ env.downloadPath }}\wintun\bin\${{ matrix.wintun_arch }}\wintun.dll ${{ github.workspace }}\dist\${{ env.PackageWorkdir }}\
 
       - name: Download Mesa3D (amd64 only)
-        uses: carlosperate/download-file-action@v2
         id: download-mesa3d
         if: matrix.arch == 'amd64'
+        uses: netbirdio/shared-actions/actions/win-download-and-verify@be5df6047383da2236e02243cceb857d8567c27e # v0.0.2
         with:
-          file-url: https://downloads.fdossena.com/Projects/Mesa3D/Builds/MesaForWindows-x64-20.1.8.7z
-          file-name: mesa3d.7z
-          location: ${{ env.downloadPath }}
-          sha256: '71c7cb64ec229a1d6b8d62fa08e1889ed2bd17c0eeede8689daf0f25cb31d6b9'
+          url: https://pkgs.netbird.io/mesa3d/MesaForWindows-x64-20.1.8.7z
+          destination: ${{ env.downloadPath }}\mesa3d.7z
+          sha256: 71c7cb64ec229a1d6b8d62fa08e1889ed2bd17c0eeede8689daf0f25cb31d6b9
 
       - name: Extract Mesa3D driver (amd64 only)
         if: matrix.arch == 'amd64'
@@ -547,35 +552,38 @@ jobs:
         run: mv ${{ env.downloadPath }}\opengl32.dll ${{ github.workspace }}\dist\${{ env.PackageWorkdir }}\
 
       - name: Download EnVar plugin for NSIS
-        uses: carlosperate/download-file-action@v2
+        uses: netbirdio/shared-actions/actions/win-download-and-verify@be5df6047383da2236e02243cceb857d8567c27e # v0.0.2
         with:
-          file-url: https://nsis.sourceforge.io/mediawiki/images/7/7f/EnVar_plugin.zip
-          file-name: envar_plugin.zip
-          location: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          url: https://pkgs.netbird.io/nsis/EnVar_plugin.zip
+          destination: ${{ github.workspace }}\envar_plugin.zip
+          sha256: e9aa92de351345ed82795251d838f1ae9041ba35af9d381a5780c7843b01f56a
 
       - name: Extract EnVar plugin
         run: 7z x -o"${{ github.workspace }}/NSIS_Plugins" "${{ github.workspace }}/envar_plugin.zip"
 
       - name: Download ShellExecAsUser plugin for NSIS (amd64 only)
-        uses: carlosperate/download-file-action@v2
         if: matrix.arch == 'amd64'
+        uses: netbirdio/shared-actions/actions/win-download-and-verify@be5df6047383da2236e02243cceb857d8567c27e # v0.0.2
         with:
-          file-url: https://nsis.sourceforge.io/mediawiki/images/6/68/ShellExecAsUser_amd64-Unicode.7z
-          file-name: ShellExecAsUser_amd64-Unicode.7z
-          location: ${{ github.workspace }}
+          url: https://pkgs.netbird.io/nsis/ShellExecAsUser_amd64-Unicode.7z
+          destination: ${{ github.workspace }}\ShellExecAsUser_amd64-Unicode.7z
+          sha256: 0a55ea25c7330a92cec028eda8afcaf1b1a7092e0dfb77c21c8f654564b4ff9d
 
       - name: Extract ShellExecAsUser plugin (amd64 only)
         if: matrix.arch == 'amd64'
         run: 7z x -o"${{ github.workspace }}/NSIS_Plugins" "${{ github.workspace }}/ShellExecAsUser_amd64-Unicode.7z"
 
       - name: Build NSIS installer
-        uses: joncloud/makensis-action@v3.3
-        with:
-          additional-plugin-paths: ${{ github.workspace }}/NSIS_Plugins/Plugins
-          script-file: client/installer.nsis
-          arguments: "/V4 /DARCH=${{ matrix.arch }}"
+        shell: pwsh
         env:
           APPVER: ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.major }}.${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.minor }}.${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.patch }}.${{ github.run_id }}
+        run: |
+          $nsisPluginDir = "C:\Program Files (x86)\NSIS\Plugins\x86-unicode"
+          $srcPlugins    = "${{ github.workspace }}\NSIS_Plugins\Plugins"
+          Get-ChildItem -Path $srcPlugins -Recurse -Filter *.dll |
+            Copy-Item -Destination $nsisPluginDir -Force
+          & "C:\Program Files (x86)\NSIS\makensis.exe" /V4 "/DARCH=${{ matrix.arch }}" client\installer.nsis
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "makensis failed with exit code $LASTEXITCODE" }
 
       - name: Rename NSIS installer
         run: mv netbird-installer.exe netbird_installer_test_windows_${{ matrix.arch }}.exe
@@ -592,7 +600,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload installer artifacts
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a #v7.0.1
         with:
           name: windows-installer-test-${{ matrix.arch }}
           path: |
@@ -611,7 +619,7 @@ jobs:
       pull-requests: write
     steps:
       - name: Create or update PR comment
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         env:
           RELEASE_RESULT: ${{ needs.release.result }}
           RELEASE_UI_RESULT: ${{ needs.release_ui.result }}
@@ -703,7 +711,7 @@ jobs:
     if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
     steps:
       - name: Trigger binaries sign pipelines
-        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@v1
+        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@31e2b3319479a63f0ab15bf800eff9e913504e26 # v1.3.2
         with:
           workflow: Sign bin and installer
           repo: netbirdio/sign-pipelines
diff --git a/.github/workflows/sync-main.yml b/.github/workflows/sync-main.yml
index e36e35a2d..5805fcf57 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/sync-main.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/sync-main.yml
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Trigger main branch sync
-        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@v1
+        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@31e2b3319479a63f0ab15bf800eff9e913504e26 # v1.3.2
         with:
           workflow: sync-main.yml
           repo: ${{ secrets.UPSTREAM_REPO }}
           token: ${{ secrets.NC_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          inputs: '{ "sha": "${{ github.sha }}" }'
\ No newline at end of file
+          inputs: '{ "sha": "${{ github.sha }}" }'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/sync-tag.yml b/.github/workflows/sync-tag.yml
index a75d9a9d5..d99f88b54 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/sync-tag.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/sync-tag.yml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name: sync tag
 on:
   push:
     tags:
-      - 'v*'
+      - "v*"
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.actor_id }}
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Trigger release tag sync
-        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@v1
+        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@31e2b3319479a63f0ab15bf800eff9e913504e26 # v1.3.2
         with:
           workflow: sync-tag.yml
           ref: main
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event.created && !github.event.deleted && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') && !contains(github.ref_name, '-')
     steps:
       - name: Trigger android-client submodule bump
-        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@7a027648b88c2413826b6ddd6c76114894dc5ec4 # v1.3.1
+        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@31e2b3319479a63f0ab15bf800eff9e913504e26 # v1.3.2
         with:
           workflow: bump-netbird.yml
           ref: main
@@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event.created && !github.event.deleted && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') && !contains(github.ref_name, '-')
     steps:
       - name: Trigger ios-client submodule bump
-        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@7a027648b88c2413826b6ddd6c76114894dc5ec4 # v1.3.1
+        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@31e2b3319479a63f0ab15bf800eff9e913504e26 # v1.3.2
         with:
           workflow: bump-netbird.yml
           ref: main
           repo: netbirdio/ios-client
           token: ${{ secrets.NC_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          inputs: '{ "tag": "${{ github.ref_name }}" }'
\ No newline at end of file
+          inputs: '{ "tag": "${{ github.ref_name }}" }'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-infrastructure-files.yml b/.github/workflows/test-infrastructure-files.yml
index e2f950731..9ad1f2f67 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-infrastructure-files.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-infrastructure-files.yml
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ on:
       - main
   pull_request:
     paths:
-      - 'infrastructure_files/**'
-      - '.github/workflows/test-infrastructure-files.yml'
-      - 'management/cmd/**'
-      - 'signal/cmd/**'
+      - "infrastructure_files/**"
+      - ".github/workflows/test-infrastructure-files.yml"
+      - "management/cmd/**"
+      - "signal/cmd/**"
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.actor_id }}
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        store: [ 'sqlite', 'postgres', 'mysql' ]
+        store: ["sqlite", "postgres", "mysql"]
     services:
       postgres:
         image: ${{ (matrix.store == 'postgres') && 'postgres' || '' }}
@@ -68,15 +68,17 @@ jobs:
         run: sudo apt-get install -y curl
 
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
         with:
           path: ~/go/pkg/mod
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-go-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
@@ -139,8 +141,8 @@ jobs:
           CI_NETBIRD_IDP_MGMT_CLIENT_SECRET: testing.client.secret
           CI_NETBIRD_SIGNAL_PORT: 12345
           CI_NETBIRD_STORE_CONFIG_ENGINE: ${{ matrix.store }}
-          NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN: '${{ env.NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN }}$'
-          NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_MYSQL_DSN: '${{ env.NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_MYSQL_DSN }}$'
+          NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN: "${{ env.NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN }}$"
+          NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_MYSQL_DSN: "${{ env.NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_MYSQL_DSN }}$"
           CI_NETBIRD_MGMT_IDP_SIGNKEY_REFRESH: false
           CI_NETBIRD_TURN_EXTERNAL_IP: "1.2.3.4"
           CI_NETBIRD_MGMT_DISABLE_DEFAULT_POLICY: false
@@ -254,7 +256,9 @@ jobs:
         run: sudo apt-get install -y jq
 
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: run script with Zitadel PostgreSQL
         run: NETBIRD_DOMAIN=use-ip bash -x infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh
diff --git a/.github/workflows/update-docs.yml b/.github/workflows/update-docs.yml
index 26f3b8f02..ff4f0a86a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/update-docs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/update-docs.yml
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ name: update docs
 on:
   push:
     tags:
-      - 'v*'
+      - "v*"
     paths:
-      - 'shared/management/http/api/openapi.yml'
+      - "shared/management/http/api/openapi.yml"
 
 jobs:
   trigger_docs_api_update:
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ jobs:
     if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
     steps:
       - name: Trigger API pages generation
-        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@v1
+        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@31e2b3319479a63f0ab15bf800eff9e913504e26 # v1.3.2
         with:
           workflow: generate api pages
           repo: netbirdio/docs
           ref: "refs/heads/main"
           token: ${{ secrets.SIGN_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          inputs: '{ "tag": "${{ github.ref }}" }'
\ No newline at end of file
+          inputs: '{ "tag": "${{ github.ref }}" }'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/wasm-build-validation.yml b/.github/workflows/wasm-build-validation.yml
index 81ae36e78..dd39d979d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/wasm-build-validation.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wasm-build-validation.yml
@@ -19,15 +19,17 @@ jobs:
       GOARCH: wasm
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev libpcap-dev
       - name: Install golangci-lint
-        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@4afd733a84b1f43292c63897423277bb7f4313a9 # v8.0.0
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@82606bf257cbaff209d206a39f5134f0cfbfd2ee #v9.2.1
         with:
           version: latest
           install-mode: binary
@@ -42,9 +44,11 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
       - name: Build Wasm client
@@ -65,4 +69,3 @@ jobs:
             echo "Wasm binary size (${SIZE_MB}MB) exceeds 56MB limit!"
             exit 1
           fi
-
diff --git a/client/cmd/testutil_test.go b/client/cmd/testutil_test.go
index c24965e8d..205327ef5 100644
--- a/client/cmd/testutil_test.go
+++ b/client/cmd/testutil_test.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator"
 
 	nbcache "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T, config *config.Config, testFile string) (*grp
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	iv, _ := integrations.NewIntegratedValidator(ctx, peersmanager, settingsManagerMock, eventStore, cacheStore)
+	iv, _ := validator.NewIntegratedValidator(ctx, peersmanager, settingsManagerMock, eventStore, cacheStore)
 
 	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(ctx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
diff --git a/client/cmd/version.go b/client/cmd/version.go
index 249854444..5deeae1a0 100644
--- a/client/cmd/version.go
+++ b/client/cmd/version.go
@@ -12,7 +12,13 @@ var (
 		Short: "Print the NetBird's client application version",
 		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 			cmd.SetOut(cmd.OutOrStdout())
-			cmd.Println(version.NetbirdVersion())
+			out := version.NetbirdVersion()
+			if version.IsDevelopmentVersion(out) {
+				if commit := version.NetbirdCommit(); commit != "" {
+					out += "-" + commit
+				}
+			}
+			cmd.Println(out)
 		},
 	}
 )
diff --git a/client/embed/embed.go b/client/embed/embed.go
index 8b669e547..04bc60fb8 100644
--- a/client/embed/embed.go
+++ b/client/embed/embed.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	wgdevice "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device"
 	wgnetstack "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/netstack"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
@@ -84,6 +85,12 @@ type Options struct {
 	DisableIPv6 bool
 	// BlockInbound blocks all inbound connections from peers
 	BlockInbound bool
+	// BlockLANAccess blocks the embedded peer from reaching the host's
+	// LAN (RFC 1918, link-local, loopback) when it's used as a routing
+	// peer. Mirrors profilemanager.ConfigInput.BlockLANAccess. Useful
+	// when the embedded client must never act as a stepping stone into
+	// the host's local network (e.g. the proxy's overlay peer).
+	BlockLANAccess bool
 	// WireguardPort is the port for the tunnel interface. Use 0 for a random port.
 	WireguardPort *int
 	// MTU is the MTU for the tunnel interface.
@@ -94,6 +101,26 @@ type Options struct {
 	MTU *uint16
 	// DNSLabels defines additional DNS labels configured in the peer.
 	DNSLabels []string
+	// Performance configures the tunnel's buffer pool cap and batch size.
+	Performance Performance
+}
+
+// Performance configures the embedded client's tunnel memory/throughput knobs.
+//
+// These settings are process-global: any non-nil field also becomes the
+// default for Clients constructed by later embed.New calls in the same
+// process. Nil fields are ignored.
+type Performance struct {
+	// PreallocatedBuffersPerPool caps the per-tunnel buffer pool. Zero
+	// leaves the pool unbounded. Lower values trade throughput for a
+	// tighter memory ceiling. May also be changed on a running Client via
+	// Client.SetPerformance, provided this field was nonzero at construction.
+	PreallocatedBuffersPerPool *uint32
+	// MaxBatchSize overrides the number of packets the tunnel reads or
+	// writes per syscall, which also bounds eager buffer allocation per
+	// worker. Zero uses the platform default. Applied at construction
+	// only; ignored by Client.SetPerformance.
+	MaxBatchSize *uint32
 }
 
 // validateCredentials checks that exactly one credential type is provided
@@ -175,6 +202,7 @@ func New(opts Options) (*Client, error) {
 		DisableClientRoutes: &opts.DisableClientRoutes,
 		DisableIPv6:         &opts.DisableIPv6,
 		BlockInbound:        &opts.BlockInbound,
+		BlockLANAccess:      &opts.BlockLANAccess,
 		WireguardPort:       opts.WireguardPort,
 		MTU:                 opts.MTU,
 		DNSLabels:           parsedLabels,
@@ -192,6 +220,13 @@ func New(opts Options) (*Client, error) {
 		config.PrivateKey = opts.PrivateKey
 	}
 
+	if opts.Performance.PreallocatedBuffersPerPool != nil {
+		wgdevice.SetPreallocatedBuffersPerPool(*opts.Performance.PreallocatedBuffersPerPool)
+	}
+	if opts.Performance.MaxBatchSize != nil {
+		wgdevice.SetMaxBatchSizeOverride(*opts.Performance.MaxBatchSize)
+	}
+
 	return &Client{
 		deviceName: opts.DeviceName,
 		setupKey:   opts.SetupKey,
@@ -405,6 +440,21 @@ func (c *Client) Expose(ctx context.Context, req ExposeRequest) (*ExposeSession,
 	}, nil
 }
 
+// IdentityForIP looks up a remote peer by its tunnel IP using the
+// embedded client's status recorder. Returns the peer's WireGuard public
+// key and FQDN. ok=false means the IP isn't in this client's peer
+// roster — callers should treat that as "unknown peer".
+func (c *Client) IdentityForIP(ip netip.Addr) (pubKey, fqdn string, ok bool) {
+	if !ip.IsValid() || c.recorder == nil {
+		return "", "", false
+	}
+	state, found := c.recorder.PeerStateByIP(ip.String())
+	if !found {
+		return "", "", false
+	}
+	return state.PubKey, state.FQDN, true
+}
+
 // Status returns the current status of the client.
 func (c *Client) Status() (peer.FullStatus, error) {
 	c.mu.Lock()
@@ -473,6 +523,25 @@ func (c *Client) VerifySSHHostKey(peerAddress string, key []byte) error {
 	return sshcommon.VerifyHostKey(storedKey, key, peerAddress)
 }
 
+// SetPerformance retunes a running Client. Only PreallocatedBuffersPerPool
+// takes effect, and only when it was nonzero at construction;
+// MaxBatchSize is construction-only and returns an error if set here.
+//
+// Returns ErrClientNotStarted / ErrEngineNotStarted if the Client is not
+// running yet.
+func (c *Client) SetPerformance(t Performance) error {
+	if t.MaxBatchSize != nil {
+		return errors.New("MaxBatchSize is construction-only and cannot be changed at runtime")
+	}
+	engine, err := c.getEngine()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return engine.SetPerformance(internal.Performance{
+		PreallocatedBuffersPerPool: t.PreallocatedBuffersPerPool,
+	})
+}
+
 // StartCapture begins capturing packets on this client's tunnel device.
 // Only one capture can be active at a time; starting a new one stops the previous.
 // Call StopCapture (or CaptureSession.Stop) to end it.
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/icmp.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/icmp.go
index d6d4e705e..94a50570f 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/icmp.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/icmp.go
@@ -362,6 +362,10 @@ func (f *Forwarder) injectICMPv6Reply(id stack.TransportEndpointID, icmpPayload
 		return 0
 	}
 
+	if pc := f.endpoint.capture.Load(); pc != nil {
+		(*pc).Offer(fullPacket, true)
+	}
+
 	return len(fullPacket)
 }
 
diff --git a/client/internal/auth/pkce_flow.go b/client/internal/auth/pkce_flow.go
index 2e16836d8..84fa8a214 100644
--- a/client/internal/auth/pkce_flow.go
+++ b/client/internal/auth/pkce_flow.go
@@ -360,7 +360,13 @@ func isRedirectURLPortUsed(redirectURL string, excludedRanges []excludedPortRang
 		return true
 	}
 
-	addr := fmt.Sprintf(":%s", port)
+	// FreeBSD 15 disables connecting to INADDR_ANY (0.0.0.0) as a localhost
+	// alias by default, ensure explicit ip for localhost.
+	host := parsedURL.Hostname()
+	if host == "" {
+		host = "127.0.0.1"
+	}
+	addr := net.JoinHostPort(host, port)
 	conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", addr, 3*time.Second)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false
diff --git a/client/internal/connect.go b/client/internal/connect.go
index 72f81c782..9645d793a 100644
--- a/client/internal/connect.go
+++ b/client/internal/connect.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"runtime/debug"
 	"strings"
@@ -348,6 +349,11 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) run(mobileDependency MobileDependency, runningChan chan
 			return wrapErr(err)
 		}
 		engineConfig.TempDir = mobileDependency.TempDir
+		// Leave StateDir empty when there is no state path so a disk-backed
+		// syncstore falls back to os.TempDir() instead of filepath.Dir("") == ".".
+		if path != "" {
+			engineConfig.StateDir = filepath.Dir(path)
+		}
 
 		relayManager := relayClient.NewManager(engineCtx, relayURLs, myPrivateKey.PublicKey().String(), engineConfig.MTU)
 		c.statusRecorder.SetRelayMgr(relayManager)
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/handler_chain.go b/client/internal/dns/handler_chain.go
index 57e7722d4..dc20146eb 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/handler_chain.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/handler_chain.go
@@ -339,8 +339,7 @@ func (c *HandlerChain) isHandlerMatch(qname string, entry HandlerEntry) bool {
 	case entry.Pattern == ".":
 		return true
 	case entry.IsWildcard:
-		parts := strings.Split(strings.TrimSuffix(qname, entry.Pattern), ".")
-		return len(parts) >= 2 && strings.HasSuffix(qname, entry.Pattern)
+		return strings.HasSuffix(qname, "."+entry.Pattern)
 	default:
 		// For non-wildcard patterns:
 		// If handler wants subdomain matching, allow suffix match
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/handler_chain_test.go b/client/internal/dns/handler_chain_test.go
index 034a760dc..b3db97ba3 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/handler_chain_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/handler_chain_test.go
@@ -164,6 +164,54 @@ func TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_DomainMatching(t *testing.T) {
 			matchSubdomains: true,
 			shouldMatch:     true,
 		},
+		{
+			name:            "wildcard label-boundary mismatch (suffix overlap)",
+			handlerDomain:   "*.b.test.",
+			queryDomain:     "x.ab.test.",
+			isWildcard:      true,
+			matchSubdomains: false,
+			shouldMatch:     false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "wildcard label-boundary match",
+			handlerDomain:   "*.b.test.",
+			queryDomain:     "x.b.test.",
+			isWildcard:      true,
+			matchSubdomains: false,
+			shouldMatch:     true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "wildcard multi-label match",
+			handlerDomain:   "*.b.test.",
+			queryDomain:     "x.y.b.test.",
+			isWildcard:      true,
+			matchSubdomains: false,
+			shouldMatch:     true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "wildcard no match on multi-label apex",
+			handlerDomain:   "*.b.test.",
+			queryDomain:     "b.test.",
+			isWildcard:      true,
+			matchSubdomains: false,
+			shouldMatch:     false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "wildcard no match on unrelated suffix containment",
+			handlerDomain:   "*.example.com.",
+			queryDomain:     "notexample.com.",
+			isWildcard:      true,
+			matchSubdomains: false,
+			shouldMatch:     false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "wildcard accepts pattern registered without trailing dot",
+			handlerDomain:   "*.b.test",
+			queryDomain:     "x.b.test.",
+			isWildcard:      true,
+			matchSubdomains: false,
+			shouldMatch:     true,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -273,6 +321,19 @@ func TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_OverlappingDomains(t *testing.T) {
 			expectedCalls:   1,
 			expectedHandler: 2, // highest priority matching handler should be called
 		},
+		{
+			name: "overlapping wildcard suffixes route to correct handler",
+			handlers: []struct {
+				pattern  string
+				priority int
+			}{
+				{pattern: "*.b.test.", priority: nbdns.PriorityDNSRoute},
+				{pattern: "*.ab.test.", priority: nbdns.PriorityDNSRoute},
+			},
+			queryDomain:     "app.ab.test.",
+			expectedCalls:   1,
+			expectedHandler: 1,
+		},
 		{
 			name: "root zone with specific domain",
 			handlers: []struct {
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/local/local.go b/client/internal/dns/local/local.go
index 4a75a76b6..d13aa672e 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/local/local.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/local/local.go
@@ -26,6 +26,19 @@ type resolver interface {
 	LookupNetIP(ctx context.Context, network, host string) ([]netip.Addr, error)
 }
 
+// PeerConnectivity reports whether a tunnel IP belongs to a peer the
+// client knows about and whether that peer is currently connected. The
+// local resolver uses this to suppress A/AAAA answers whose RDATA points
+// at a disconnected peer (typical case: a synthesized private-service
+// record pointing at an embedded proxy peer that just went offline).
+//
+// known=false means the IP isn't in the local peerstore at all — the
+// record is left alone (it points at something outside our mesh, e.g.
+// a non-peer upstream).
+type PeerConnectivity interface {
+	IsConnectedByIP(ip string) (known, connected bool)
+}
+
 type Resolver struct {
 	mu      sync.RWMutex
 	records map[dns.Question][]dns.RR
@@ -33,6 +46,11 @@ type Resolver struct {
 	// zones maps zone domain -> NonAuthoritative (true = non-authoritative, user-created zone)
 	zones    map[domain.Domain]bool
 	resolver resolver
+	// peerConn, when non-nil, is consulted on every A/AAAA answer to
+	// drop records pointing at disconnected peers. nil disables the
+	// filter and preserves the legacy "return whatever is registered"
+	// behaviour for callers that never wire a status source.
+	peerConn PeerConnectivity
 
 	ctx    context.Context
 	cancel context.CancelFunc
@@ -49,6 +67,15 @@ func NewResolver() *Resolver {
 	}
 }
 
+// SetPeerConnectivity wires the per-IP connectivity check used to filter
+// out A/AAAA answers pointing at disconnected peers. Pass nil to disable.
+// Safe to call multiple times; the latest value wins.
+func (d *Resolver) SetPeerConnectivity(p PeerConnectivity) {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	d.peerConn = p
+}
+
 func (d *Resolver) MatchSubdomains() bool {
 	return true
 }
@@ -95,6 +122,7 @@ func (d *Resolver) ServeDNS(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) {
 	replyMessage.RecursionAvailable = true
 
 	result := d.lookupRecords(logger, question)
+	result.records = d.filterDisconnectedPeerAnswers(logger, question, result.records)
 	replyMessage.Authoritative = !result.hasExternalData
 	replyMessage.Answer = result.records
 	replyMessage.Rcode = d.determineRcode(question, result)
@@ -436,6 +464,78 @@ func (d *Resolver) logDNSError(logger *log.Entry, hostname string, qtype uint16,
 	}
 }
 
+// filterDisconnectedPeerAnswers drops A/AAAA records whose RDATA matches
+// a known but disconnected peer. The synthesized private-service zones
+// emit one A record per connected proxy peer in a cluster; when a peer
+// goes offline, the server-side refresh removes the record from the
+// next netmap, but the client may still hold the previous netmap for a
+// short window. This filter is the local belt to that braces — even on
+// the stale netmap, the resolver hides the offline target.
+//
+// Records pointing at unknown IPs (outside the local peerstore, e.g.
+// non-mesh upstreams) are never dropped. Non-A/AAAA records pass
+// through untouched.
+//
+// Escape hatch: if filtering would leave the answer empty AND at least
+// one record was filtered, the original list is returned. Better to
+// hand the client a record that may not respond than NXDOMAIN it
+// completely when every proxy peer is offline (the upstream may still
+// be reachable some other way, or the peerstore may be stale).
+func (d *Resolver) filterDisconnectedPeerAnswers(logger *log.Entry, question dns.Question, records []dns.RR) []dns.RR {
+	if len(records) == 0 {
+		return records
+	}
+	d.mu.RLock()
+	checker := d.peerConn
+	d.mu.RUnlock()
+	if checker == nil {
+		return records
+	}
+
+	kept := make([]dns.RR, 0, len(records))
+	var dropped int
+	for _, rr := range records {
+		ip := extractRecordIP(rr)
+		if ip == "" {
+			kept = append(kept, rr)
+			continue
+		}
+		known, connected := checker.IsConnectedByIP(ip)
+		if known && !connected {
+			dropped++
+			continue
+		}
+		kept = append(kept, rr)
+	}
+	if dropped == 0 {
+		return records
+	}
+	if len(kept) == 0 {
+		logger.Debugf("all %d answers for %s point at disconnected peers; returning the original list", dropped, question.Name)
+		return records
+	}
+	logger.Tracef("dropped %d disconnected-peer answer(s) for %s, returning %d", dropped, question.Name, len(kept))
+	return kept
+}
+
+// extractRecordIP returns the dotted-decimal / colon-hex IP carried by
+// an A or AAAA record, or "" for any other record type.
+func extractRecordIP(rr dns.RR) string {
+	switch r := rr.(type) {
+	case *dns.A:
+		if r.A == nil {
+			return ""
+		}
+		return r.A.String()
+	case *dns.AAAA:
+		if r.AAAA == nil {
+			return ""
+		}
+		return r.AAAA.String()
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 // Update replaces all zones and their records
 func (d *Resolver) Update(customZones []nbdns.CustomZone) {
 	d.mu.Lock()
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/local/local_test.go b/client/internal/dns/local/local_test.go
index 2c6b7dbc3..fdf7f2659 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/local/local_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/local/local_test.go
@@ -30,6 +30,21 @@ func (m *mockResolver) LookupNetIP(ctx context.Context, network, host string) ([
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
+// mockPeerConnectivity returns canned (known, connected) results per IP.
+// Used by the disconnected-peer filter tests below. IPs not in the map
+// are reported as unknown so the filter leaves them alone.
+type mockPeerConnectivity struct {
+	byIP map[string]struct{ known, connected bool }
+}
+
+func (m mockPeerConnectivity) IsConnectedByIP(ip string) (known, connected bool) {
+	v, ok := m.byIP[ip]
+	if !ok {
+		return false, false
+	}
+	return v.known, v.connected
+}
+
 func TestLocalResolver_ServeDNS(t *testing.T) {
 	recordA := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
 		Name:  "peera.netbird.cloud.",
@@ -2652,3 +2667,114 @@ func BenchmarkIsInManagedZone_ManyZones(b *testing.B) {
 		resolver.isInManagedZone(qname)
 	}
 }
+
+// TestLocalResolver_FilterDisconnectedPeerAnswers verifies the
+// connectivity-aware filtering layered on top of lookupRecords:
+// when an A record's IP belongs to a known peer that's disconnected,
+// the record is dropped from the answer. Records for unknown IPs pass
+// through. If filtering would empty the answer entirely and at least
+// one record was dropped, the original list is restored (escape hatch
+// for the "all proxies offline" case).
+func TestLocalResolver_FilterDisconnectedPeerAnswers(t *testing.T) {
+	zone := "svc.cluster.netbird."
+	connectedRec := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name:  zone,
+		Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
+		Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+		TTL:   5,
+		RData: "100.64.0.10",
+	}
+	disconnectedRec := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name:  zone,
+		Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
+		Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+		TTL:   5,
+		RData: "100.64.0.11",
+	}
+	unknownRec := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name:  zone,
+		Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
+		Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+		TTL:   5,
+		RData: "203.0.113.5",
+	}
+
+	type ipState struct{ known, connected bool }
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		records     []nbdns.SimpleRecord
+		connByIP    map[string]ipState
+		wantInOrder []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "drops disconnected peer, keeps connected",
+			records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{connectedRec, disconnectedRec},
+			connByIP: map[string]ipState{
+				"100.64.0.10": {known: true, connected: true},
+				"100.64.0.11": {known: true, connected: false},
+			},
+			wantInOrder: []string{"100.64.0.10"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "unknown IPs pass through untouched",
+			records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{unknownRec, disconnectedRec},
+			connByIP: map[string]ipState{
+				"100.64.0.11": {known: true, connected: false},
+			},
+			wantInOrder: []string{"203.0.113.5"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "all disconnected falls back to original list",
+			records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{disconnectedRec, connectedRec},
+			connByIP: map[string]ipState{
+				"100.64.0.10": {known: true, connected: false},
+				"100.64.0.11": {known: true, connected: false},
+			},
+			wantInOrder: []string{"100.64.0.11", "100.64.0.10"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "no checker wired returns all records",
+			records:     []nbdns.SimpleRecord{connectedRec, disconnectedRec},
+			connByIP:    nil,
+			wantInOrder: []string{"100.64.0.10", "100.64.0.11"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			resolver := NewResolver()
+			if tc.connByIP != nil {
+				cm := mockPeerConnectivity{byIP: make(map[string]struct{ known, connected bool }, len(tc.connByIP))}
+				for ip, st := range tc.connByIP {
+					cm.byIP[ip] = struct{ known, connected bool }{st.known, st.connected}
+				}
+				resolver.SetPeerConnectivity(cm)
+			}
+			resolver.Update([]nbdns.CustomZone{{
+				Domain:           strings.TrimSuffix(zone, "."),
+				Records:          tc.records,
+				NonAuthoritative: true,
+			}})
+
+			var got *dns.Msg
+			writer := &test.MockResponseWriter{
+				WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error {
+					got = m
+					return nil
+				},
+			}
+			req := new(dns.Msg).SetQuestion(zone, dns.TypeA)
+			resolver.ServeDNS(writer, req)
+
+			require.NotNil(t, got, "resolver must produce a response")
+			require.Len(t, got.Answer, len(tc.wantInOrder),
+				"answer count must match expected: %v", tc.wantInOrder)
+			for i, want := range tc.wantInOrder {
+				a, ok := got.Answer[i].(*dns.A)
+				require.True(t, ok, "answer[%d] must be an A record", i)
+				assert.Equal(t, want, a.A.String(),
+					"answer[%d] expected %s got %s", i, want, a.A.String())
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/server.go b/client/internal/dns/server.go
index e689f3586..7a35e56d8 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/server.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/server.go
@@ -301,6 +301,11 @@ func newDefaultServer(
 		warningDelayBase:  defaultWarningDelayBase,
 		healthRefresh:     make(chan struct{}, 1),
 	}
+	// Wire the local resolver against the peer status recorder so it can
+	// suppress A/AAAA answers that point at disconnected peers (typical
+	// case: synthesised private-service records pointing at an embedded
+	// proxy peer that just went offline).
+	defaultServer.localResolver.SetPeerConnectivity(localPeerConnectivity{statusRecorder})
 
 	// register with root zone, handler chain takes care of the routing
 	dnsService.RegisterMux(".", handlerChain)
@@ -1386,3 +1391,25 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) PopulateManagementDomain(mgmtURL *url.URL) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// localPeerConnectivity adapts *peer.Status to local.PeerConnectivity so
+// the local resolver can ask "is this IP a known peer and is it
+// connected?" without taking on the peer package as a dependency.
+// A nil status recorder always reports known=false so the resolver
+// short-circuits to the legacy "return everything" path.
+type localPeerConnectivity struct {
+	status *peer.Status
+}
+
+// IsConnectedByIP looks the IP up in the peerstore and surfaces both
+// the known and connected bits. Used by Resolver.filterDisconnectedPeerAnswers.
+func (l localPeerConnectivity) IsConnectedByIP(ip string) (known, connected bool) {
+	if l.status == nil {
+		return false, false
+	}
+	state, ok := l.status.PeerStateByIP(ip)
+	if !ok {
+		return false, false
+	}
+	return true, state.ConnStatus == peer.StatusConnected
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/engine.go b/client/internal/engine.go
index 3bd0d4621..048ff5fcc 100644
--- a/client/internal/engine.go
+++ b/client/internal/engine.go
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/netstack"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 
 	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall"
@@ -56,6 +55,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/systemops"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/syncstore"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updater"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/jobexec"
 	cProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
@@ -148,6 +148,10 @@ type EngineConfig struct {
 
 	LogPath string
 	TempDir string
+
+	// StateDir is the directory holding the state file. The sync response
+	// (network map) is serialized here on platforms that persist it to disk.
+	StateDir string
 }
 
 // EngineServices holds the external service dependencies required by the Engine.
@@ -226,10 +230,15 @@ type Engine struct {
 
 	afpacketCapture *capture.AFPacketCapture
 
-	// Sync response persistence (protected by syncRespMux)
-	syncRespMux         sync.RWMutex
-	persistSyncResponse bool
-	latestSyncResponse  *mgmProto.SyncResponse
+	// Sync response persistence (protected by syncRespMux).
+	// syncStore is nil unless persistence has been enabled; its presence is
+	// what marks persistence as active. The backend (disk or memory) is
+	// selected per-platform; see the syncstore package. syncStoreDir is where
+	// a disk-backed store serializes to.
+	syncRespMux  sync.RWMutex
+	syncStore    syncstore.Store
+	syncStoreDir string
+
 	flowManager         nftypes.FlowManager
 
 	// auto-update
@@ -292,6 +301,7 @@ func NewEngine(
 		jobExecutor:        jobexec.NewExecutor(),
 		clientMetrics:      services.ClientMetrics,
 		updateManager:      services.UpdateManager,
+		syncStoreDir:       config.StateDir,
 	}
 
 	log.Infof("I am: %s", config.WgPrivateKey.PublicKey().String())
@@ -913,19 +923,18 @@ func (e *Engine) handleSync(update *mgmProto.SyncResponse) error {
 	}
 
 	// Persist sync response under the dedicated lock (syncRespMux), not under syncMsgMux.
-	// Read the storage-enabled flag under the syncRespMux too.
+	// A non-nil syncStore is what marks persistence as enabled. Hold the lock for
+	// the whole Set so the store cannot be cleared (disabled / engine close)
+	// mid-call and have this write resurrect a file that was just removed.
 	e.syncRespMux.RLock()
-	enabled := e.persistSyncResponse
-	e.syncRespMux.RUnlock()
-
-	// Store sync response if persistence is enabled
-	if enabled {
-		e.syncRespMux.Lock()
-		e.latestSyncResponse = update
-		e.syncRespMux.Unlock()
-
-		log.Debugf("sync response persisted with serial %d", nm.GetSerial())
+	if e.syncStore != nil {
+		if err := e.syncStore.Set(update); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to persist sync response: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			log.Debugf("sync response persisted with serial %d", nm.GetSerial())
+		}
 	}
+	e.syncRespMux.RUnlock()
 
 	// only apply new changes and ignore old ones
 	if err := e.updateNetworkMap(nm); err != nil {
@@ -1813,6 +1822,18 @@ func (e *Engine) close() {
 	if err := e.portForwardManager.GracefullyStop(ctx); err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("failed to gracefully stop port forwarding manager: %s", err)
 	}
+
+	// Drop any persisted sync response so its network map does not linger on
+	// disk after the engine stops (and cannot leak into a later run).
+	e.syncRespMux.Lock()
+	store := e.syncStore
+	e.syncStore = nil
+	e.syncRespMux.Unlock()
+	if store != nil {
+		if err := store.Clear(); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to clear persisted sync response on close: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 func (e *Engine) readInitialSettings() ([]*route.Route, *nbdns.Config, bool, error) {
@@ -1967,6 +1988,29 @@ func (e *Engine) GetClientMetrics() *metrics.ClientMetrics {
 	return e.clientMetrics
 }
 
+// Performance bundles runtime-adjustable tunnel pool knobs.
+// See Engine.SetPerformance. Nil fields are ignored.
+type Performance struct {
+	PreallocatedBuffersPerPool *uint32
+}
+
+// SetPerformance applies the given tuning to this engine's live Device.
+func (e *Engine) SetPerformance(t Performance) error {
+	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
+	defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
+	if e.wgInterface == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("wg interface not initialized")
+	}
+	dev := e.wgInterface.GetWGDevice()
+	if dev == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("wg device not initialized")
+	}
+	if t.PreallocatedBuffersPerPool != nil {
+		dev.SetPreallocatedBuffersPerPool(*t.PreallocatedBuffersPerPool)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func findIPFromInterfaceName(ifaceName string) (net.IP, error) {
 	iface, err := net.InterfaceByName(ifaceName)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -2119,45 +2163,42 @@ func (e *Engine) stopDNSServer() {
 	e.statusRecorder.UpdateDNSStates(nsGroupStates)
 }
 
-// SetSyncResponsePersistence enables or disables sync response persistence
+// SetSyncResponsePersistence enables or disables sync response persistence.
+// The store is only instantiated while persistence is enabled; construction
+// itself drops any stale data left over from an earlier run (see syncstore).
 func (e *Engine) SetSyncResponsePersistence(enabled bool) {
 	e.syncRespMux.Lock()
 	defer e.syncRespMux.Unlock()
 
-	if enabled == e.persistSyncResponse {
+	if enabled == (e.syncStore != nil) {
 		return
 	}
-	e.persistSyncResponse = enabled
 	log.Debugf("Sync response persistence is set to %t", enabled)
 
 	if !enabled {
-		e.latestSyncResponse = nil
+		if err := e.syncStore.Clear(); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to clear persisted sync response: %v", err)
+		}
+		e.syncStore = nil
+		return
 	}
+
+	e.syncStore = syncstore.New(e.syncStoreDir)
 }
 
 // GetLatestSyncResponse returns the stored sync response if persistence is enabled
 func (e *Engine) GetLatestSyncResponse() (*mgmProto.SyncResponse, error) {
+	// Hold the lock for the whole Get so the store cannot be cleared
+	// (disabled / engine close) mid-call.
 	e.syncRespMux.RLock()
-	enabled := e.persistSyncResponse
-	latest := e.latestSyncResponse
-	e.syncRespMux.RUnlock()
+	defer e.syncRespMux.RUnlock()
 
-	if !enabled {
+	if e.syncStore == nil {
 		return nil, errors.New("sync response persistence is disabled")
 	}
 
-	if latest == nil {
-		//nolint:nilnil
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	log.Debugf("Retrieving latest sync response with size %d bytes", proto.Size(latest))
-	sr, ok := proto.Clone(latest).(*mgmProto.SyncResponse)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to clone sync response")
-	}
-
-	return sr, nil
+	//nolint:nilnil
+	return e.syncStore.Get()
 }
 
 // GetWgAddr returns the wireguard address
@@ -2193,7 +2234,7 @@ func (e *Engine) updateDNSForwarder(
 	enabled bool,
 	fwdEntries []*dnsfwd.ForwarderEntry,
 ) {
-	if e.config.DisableServerRoutes {
+	if e.config.DisableServerRoutes || e.config.BlockInbound {
 		return
 	}
 
diff --git a/client/internal/engine_test.go b/client/internal/engine_test.go
index 834a49a09..289f1906f 100644
--- a/client/internal/engine_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/engine_test.go
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/stdnet"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/job"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel"
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	mgmt "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client"
 	mgmtProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
-	relayClient "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/netiputil"
+	relayClient "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client"
 	signal "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/client"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/proto"
 	signalServer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/signal/server"
@@ -1641,7 +1641,7 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T, dataDir, testFile string) (*grpc.Server, stri
 		return nil, "", err
 	}
 
-	ia, _ := integrations.NewIntegratedValidator(context.Background(), peersManager, nil, eventStore, cacheStore)
+	ia, _ := validator.NewIntegratedValidator(context.Background(), peersManager, nil, eventStore, cacheStore)
 
 	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(context.Background())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
diff --git a/client/internal/lazyconn/support.go b/client/internal/lazyconn/support.go
index 5e765c2d6..cc0e95e53 100644
--- a/client/internal/lazyconn/support.go
+++ b/client/internal/lazyconn/support.go
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-version"
+
+	nbversion "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -11,7 +13,7 @@ var (
 )
 
 func IsSupported(agentVersion string) bool {
-	if agentVersion == "development" {
+	if nbversion.IsDevelopmentVersion(agentVersion) {
 		return true
 	}
 
diff --git a/client/internal/networkmonitor/check_change_common.go b/client/internal/networkmonitor/check_change_common.go
index a4a4f76ac..f693081a6 100644
--- a/client/internal/networkmonitor/check_change_common.go
+++ b/client/internal/networkmonitor/check_change_common.go
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func routeCheck(ctx context.Context, fd int, nexthopv4, nexthopv6 systemops.Next
 		switch msg.Type {
 		// handle route changes
 		case unix.RTM_ADD, syscall.RTM_DELETE:
-			route, err := parseRouteMessage(buf[:n])
+			route, flags, err := parseRouteMessage(buf[:n])
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Debugf("Network monitor: error parsing routing message: %v", err)
 				continue
@@ -66,6 +66,10 @@ func routeCheck(ctx context.Context, fd int, nexthopv4, nexthopv6 systemops.Next
 			}
 			switch msg.Type {
 			case unix.RTM_ADD:
+				if systemops.IgnoreAddedDefaultRoute(flags) {
+					log.Debugf("Network monitor: ignoring added default route via %s, interface %s, flags %#x", route.Gw, intf, flags)
+					continue
+				}
 				log.Infof("Network monitor: default route changed: via %s, interface %s", route.Gw, intf)
 				return nil
 			case unix.RTM_DELETE:
@@ -78,22 +82,26 @@ func routeCheck(ctx context.Context, fd int, nexthopv4, nexthopv6 systemops.Next
 	}
 }
 
-func parseRouteMessage(buf []byte) (*systemops.Route, error) {
+func parseRouteMessage(buf []byte) (*systemops.Route, int, error) {
 	msgs, err := route.ParseRIB(route.RIBTypeRoute, buf)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse RIB: %v", err)
+		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("parse RIB: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	if len(msgs) != 1 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected RIB message msgs: %v", msgs)
+		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("unexpected RIB message msgs: %v", msgs)
 	}
 
 	msg, ok := msgs[0].(*route.RouteMessage)
 	if !ok {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected RIB message type: %T", msgs[0])
+		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("unexpected RIB message type: %T", msgs[0])
 	}
 
-	return systemops.MsgToRoute(msg)
+	r, err := systemops.MsgToRoute(msg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	return r, msg.Flags, nil
 }
 
 // waitReadable blocks until fd has data to read, or ctx is cancelled.
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/conn.go b/client/internal/peer/conn.go
index 1e416bfe7..79a513956 100644
--- a/client/internal/peer/conn.go
+++ b/client/internal/peer/conn.go
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/id"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/worker"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/portforward"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/rosenpass"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/stdnet"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	relayClient "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client"
@@ -899,7 +900,7 @@ func (conn *Conn) presharedKey(remoteRosenpassKey []byte) *wgtypes.Key {
 	}
 
 	// Fallback to deterministic key if no NetBird PSK is configured
-	determKey, err := conn.rosenpassDetermKey()
+	determKey, err := rosenpass.DeterministicSeedKey(conn.config.LocalKey, conn.config.Key)
 	if err != nil {
 		conn.Log.Errorf("failed to generate Rosenpass initial key: %v", err)
 		return nil
@@ -908,26 +909,6 @@ func (conn *Conn) presharedKey(remoteRosenpassKey []byte) *wgtypes.Key {
 	return determKey
 }
 
-// todo: move this logic into Rosenpass package
-func (conn *Conn) rosenpassDetermKey() (*wgtypes.Key, error) {
-	lk := []byte(conn.config.LocalKey)
-	rk := []byte(conn.config.Key) // remote key
-	var keyInput []byte
-	if string(lk) > string(rk) {
-		//nolint:gocritic
-		keyInput = append(lk[:16], rk[:16]...)
-	} else {
-		//nolint:gocritic
-		keyInput = append(rk[:16], lk[:16]...)
-	}
-
-	key, err := wgtypes.NewKey(keyInput)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return &key, nil
-}
-
 func isController(config ConnConfig) bool {
 	return config.LocalKey > config.Key
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/status.go b/client/internal/peer/status.go
index df746fa13..c5fa4e9f9 100644
--- a/client/internal/peer/status.go
+++ b/client/internal/peer/status.go
@@ -185,9 +185,12 @@ func (s *StatusChangeSubscription) Events() chan map[string]RouterState {
 	return s.eventsChan
 }
 
-// Status holds a state of peers, signal, management connections and relays
+// Status holds a state of peers, signal, management connections and relays.
+// mux is an RWMutex so hot read paths (notably PeerStateByIP, called for
+// every private-service request) don't contend against each other.
+// Pure read methods take RLock; anything that mutates state takes Lock.
 type Status struct {
-	mux                   sync.Mutex
+	mux                   sync.RWMutex
 	peers                 map[string]State
 	changeNotify          map[string]map[string]*StatusChangeSubscription // map[peerID]map[subscriptionID]*StatusChangeSubscription
 	signalState           bool
@@ -283,8 +286,8 @@ func (d *Status) AddPeer(peerPubKey string, fqdn string, ip string, ipv6 string)
 
 // GetPeer adds peer to Daemon status map
 func (d *Status) GetPeer(peerPubKey string) (State, error) {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 
 	state, ok := d.peers[peerPubKey]
 	if !ok {
@@ -294,8 +297,8 @@ func (d *Status) GetPeer(peerPubKey string) (State, error) {
 }
 
 func (d *Status) PeerByIP(ip string) (string, bool) {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 
 	for _, state := range d.peers {
 		if state.IP == ip {
@@ -305,6 +308,34 @@ func (d *Status) PeerByIP(ip string) (string, bool) {
 	return "", false
 }
 
+// PeerStateByIP returns the full peer State for the given tunnel IP.
+// Matches against either the IPv4 (State.IP) or IPv6 (State.IPv6) tunnel
+// address so dual-stack peers are reachable on either family. Searches
+// both d.peers and d.offlinePeers — peers that have been moved into
+// the offline slice by ReplaceOfflinePeers are still part of the
+// account's roster and callers (DNS filter, embed.Client.IdentityForIP)
+// need to recognise them rather than treating them as unknown. Returns
+// the zero State and false when no peer matches or the input is empty.
+func (d *Status) PeerStateByIP(ip string) (State, bool) {
+	if ip == "" {
+		return State{}, false
+	}
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
+
+	for _, state := range d.peers {
+		if (state.IP != "" && state.IP == ip) || (state.IPv6 != "" && state.IPv6 == ip) {
+			return state, true
+		}
+	}
+	for _, state := range d.offlinePeers {
+		if (state.IP != "" && state.IP == ip) || (state.IPv6 != "" && state.IPv6 == ip) {
+			return state, true
+		}
+	}
+	return State{}, false
+}
+
 // RemovePeer removes peer from Daemon status map
 func (d *Status) RemovePeer(peerPubKey string) error {
 	d.mux.Lock()
@@ -702,8 +733,8 @@ func (d *Status) UnsubscribePeerStateChanges(subscription *StatusChangeSubscript
 
 // GetLocalPeerState returns the local peer state
 func (d *Status) GetLocalPeerState() LocalPeerState {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 	return d.localPeer.Clone()
 }
 
@@ -909,8 +940,8 @@ func (d *Status) DeleteResolvedDomainsStates(domain domain.Domain) {
 }
 
 func (d *Status) GetRosenpassState() RosenpassState {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 	return RosenpassState{
 		d.rosenpassEnabled,
 		d.rosenpassPermissive,
@@ -918,14 +949,14 @@ func (d *Status) GetRosenpassState() RosenpassState {
 }
 
 func (d *Status) GetLazyConnection() bool {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 	return d.lazyConnectionEnabled
 }
 
 func (d *Status) GetManagementState() ManagementState {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 	return ManagementState{
 		d.mgmAddress,
 		d.managementState,
@@ -951,8 +982,8 @@ func (d *Status) UpdateLatency(pubKey string, latency time.Duration) error {
 
 // IsLoginRequired determines if a peer's login has expired.
 func (d *Status) IsLoginRequired() bool {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 
 	// if peer is connected to the management then login is not expired
 	if d.managementState {
@@ -967,8 +998,8 @@ func (d *Status) IsLoginRequired() bool {
 }
 
 func (d *Status) GetSignalState() SignalState {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 	return SignalState{
 		d.signalAddress,
 		d.signalState,
@@ -978,8 +1009,8 @@ func (d *Status) GetSignalState() SignalState {
 
 // GetRelayStates returns the stun/turn/permanent relay states
 func (d *Status) GetRelayStates() []relay.ProbeResult {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 	if d.relayMgr == nil {
 		return d.relayStates
 	}
@@ -1008,8 +1039,8 @@ func (d *Status) GetRelayStates() []relay.ProbeResult {
 }
 
 func (d *Status) ForwardingRules() []firewall.ForwardRule {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 	if d.ingressGwMgr == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -1018,16 +1049,16 @@ func (d *Status) ForwardingRules() []firewall.ForwardRule {
 }
 
 func (d *Status) GetDNSStates() []NSGroupState {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 
 	// shallow copy is good enough, as slices fields are currently not updated
 	return slices.Clone(d.nsGroupStates)
 }
 
 func (d *Status) GetResolvedDomainsStates() map[domain.Domain]ResolvedDomainInfo {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 	return maps.Clone(d.resolvedDomainsStates)
 }
 
@@ -1043,8 +1074,8 @@ func (d *Status) GetFullStatus() FullStatus {
 		LazyConnectionEnabled: d.GetLazyConnection(),
 	}
 
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 
 	fullStatus.LocalPeerState = d.localPeer
 
@@ -1219,8 +1250,8 @@ func (d *Status) SetWgIface(wgInterface WGIfaceStatus) {
 }
 
 func (d *Status) PeersStatus() (*configurer.Stats, error) {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 	if d.wgIface == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wgInterface is nil, cannot retrieve peers status")
 	}
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/status_test.go b/client/internal/peer/status_test.go
index 9bafca55a..97fb32c03 100644
--- a/client/internal/peer/status_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/peer/status_test.go
@@ -63,6 +63,55 @@ func TestUpdatePeerState(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, ip, state.IP, "ip should be equal")
 }
 
+func TestStatus_PeerStateByIP(t *testing.T) {
+	status := NewRecorder("https://mgm")
+	req := require.New(t)
+
+	req.NoError(status.AddPeer("pk-1", "peer-1.netbird", "100.64.0.10", ""))
+	req.NoError(status.AddPeer("pk-2", "peer-2.netbird", "100.64.0.11", ""))
+
+	state, ok := status.PeerStateByIP("100.64.0.10")
+	req.True(ok, "known tunnel IP should resolve to a peer state")
+	req.Equal("pk-1", state.PubKey, "matching state must carry the right pub key")
+	req.Equal("peer-1.netbird", state.FQDN, "matching state must carry the right FQDN")
+
+	_, ok = status.PeerStateByIP("100.64.0.99")
+	req.False(ok, "unknown IP must report ok=false")
+}
+
+func TestStatus_PeerStateByIP_MatchesIPv6(t *testing.T) {
+	status := NewRecorder("https://mgm")
+	req := require.New(t)
+
+	req.NoError(status.AddPeer("pk-1", "peer-1.netbird", "100.64.0.10", "fd00::1"))
+
+	state, ok := status.PeerStateByIP("fd00::1")
+	req.True(ok, "IPv6-only match must resolve to the peer state")
+	req.Equal("pk-1", state.PubKey, "matching state must carry the right pub key")
+}
+
+// TestStatus_PeerStateByIP_MatchesOfflinePeers covers peers that have
+// been moved into the offline slice via ReplaceOfflinePeers. Callers
+// (DNS filter, embed.Client.IdentityForIP) need to treat them as known
+// rather than unknown — otherwise authentication / DNS filtering treats
+// known-but-offline peers as foreign IPs.
+func TestStatus_PeerStateByIP_MatchesOfflinePeers(t *testing.T) {
+	status := NewRecorder("https://mgm")
+	req := require.New(t)
+
+	status.ReplaceOfflinePeers([]State{
+		{PubKey: "pk-offline", FQDN: "offline.netbird", IP: "100.64.0.20", IPv6: "fd00::20"},
+	})
+
+	state, ok := status.PeerStateByIP("100.64.0.20")
+	req.True(ok, "offline peer must resolve by IPv4 tunnel address")
+	req.Equal("pk-offline", state.PubKey, "matching state must carry the offline peer's pub key")
+
+	state, ok = status.PeerStateByIP("fd00::20")
+	req.True(ok, "offline peer must resolve by IPv6 tunnel address")
+	req.Equal("pk-offline", state.PubKey, "IPv6 match must carry the offline peer's pub key")
+}
+
 func TestStatus_UpdatePeerFQDN(t *testing.T) {
 	key := "abc"
 	fqdn := "peer-a.netbird.local"
diff --git a/client/internal/portforward/pcp/nat.go b/client/internal/portforward/pcp/nat.go
index 6491e7367..0e635b6c8 100644
--- a/client/internal/portforward/pcp/nat.go
+++ b/client/internal/portforward/pcp/nat.go
@@ -179,8 +179,10 @@ func getDefaultGateway() (gateway net.IP, localIP net.IP, err error) {
 	}
 
 	dst := net.IPv4zero
-	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
-		// go-netroute v0.4.0 rejects unspecified destinations client-side on Linux.
+	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" || runtime.GOOS == "android" {
+		// go-netroute v0.4.0 rejects unspecified destinations client-side on Linux/Android.
+		// TODO: on android/ios, use platform APIs (ConnectivityManager.getLinkProperties /
+		// NWPathMonitor) when netlink-based lookup is restricted or unavailable.
 		dst = net.IPv4(0, 0, 0, 1)
 	}
 	_, gateway, localIP, err = router.Route(dst)
@@ -203,7 +205,7 @@ func getDefaultGateway6() (gateway net.IP, localIP net.IP, err error) {
 	}
 
 	dst := net.IPv6zero
-	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" || runtime.GOOS == "android" {
 		// ::2
 		dst = net.IP{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2}
 	}
diff --git a/client/internal/rosenpass/manager.go b/client/internal/rosenpass/manager.go
index 11cda8dbc..903753753 100644
--- a/client/internal/rosenpass/manager.go
+++ b/client/internal/rosenpass/manager.go
@@ -28,6 +28,15 @@ func hashRosenpassKey(key []byte) string {
 	return hex.EncodeToString(hasher.Sum(nil))
 }
 
+// rpServer is the subset of rp.Server used by Manager. Defined as an interface
+// so tests can substitute a mock without spinning up a real UDP server.
+type rpServer interface {
+	AddPeer(rp.PeerConfig) (rp.PeerID, error)
+	RemovePeer(rp.PeerID) error
+	Run() error
+	Close() error
+}
+
 type Manager struct {
 	ifaceName    string
 	spk          []byte
@@ -36,7 +45,7 @@ type Manager struct {
 	preSharedKey *[32]byte
 	rpPeerIDs    map[string]*rp.PeerID
 	rpWgHandler  *NetbirdHandler
-	server       *rp.Server
+	server       rpServer
 	lock         sync.Mutex
 	port         int
 	wgIface      PresharedKeySetter
@@ -51,7 +60,22 @@ func NewManager(preSharedKey *wgtypes.Key, wgIfaceName string) (*Manager, error)
 
 	rpKeyHash := hashRosenpassKey(public)
 	log.Tracef("generated new rosenpass key pair with public key %s", rpKeyHash)
-	return &Manager{ifaceName: wgIfaceName, rpKeyHash: rpKeyHash, spk: public, ssk: secret, preSharedKey: (*[32]byte)(preSharedKey), rpPeerIDs: make(map[string]*rp.PeerID), lock: sync.Mutex{}}, nil
+	return &Manager{
+		ifaceName:    wgIfaceName,
+		rpKeyHash:    rpKeyHash,
+		spk:          public,
+		ssk:          secret,
+		preSharedKey: (*[32]byte)(preSharedKey),
+		rpPeerIDs:    make(map[string]*rp.PeerID),
+		// rpWgHandler is created here (instead of only in generateConfig) so it
+		// is never nil between NewManager and Run(). Otherwise an early
+		// OnConnected call (race observed on Android, issue #4341) panics on
+		// nil receiver in addPeer -> m.rpWgHandler.AddPeer. generateConfig will
+		// replace it with a fresh handler on each Run() to clear stale peer
+		// state from previous engine sessions.
+		rpWgHandler: NewNetbirdHandler(),
+		lock:        sync.Mutex{},
+	}, nil
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) GetPubKey() []byte {
@@ -65,6 +89,16 @@ func (m *Manager) GetAddress() *net.UDPAddr {
 
 // addPeer adds a new peer to the Rosenpass server
 func (m *Manager) addPeer(rosenpassPubKey []byte, rosenpassAddr string, wireGuardIP string, wireGuardPubKey string) error {
+	// Defense in depth against issue #4341 (Android crash): if Run() has not
+	// completed yet, m.server / m.rpWgHandler may be nil. Return an explicit
+	// error instead of panicking on nil-receiver dereference.
+	if m.server == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("rosenpass server not initialized")
+	}
+	if m.rpWgHandler == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("rosenpass wg handler not initialized")
+	}
+
 	var err error
 	pcfg := rp.PeerConfig{PublicKey: rosenpassPubKey}
 	if m.preSharedKey != nil {
@@ -79,6 +113,16 @@ func (m *Manager) addPeer(rosenpassPubKey []byte, rosenpassAddr string, wireGuar
 		if pcfg.Endpoint, err = net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", peerAddr); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to resolve peer endpoint address: %w", err)
 		}
+		// Our local Rosenpass UDP server binds on the IPv6 wildcard ([::]) — see
+		// GetAddress(). The remote peer's endpoint (pcfg.Endpoint) is the destination
+		// our server will sendto when initiating handshakes. ResolveUDPAddr returns a
+		// 4-byte IPv4 for IPv4 hosts, which the kernel rejects (EDESTADDRREQ) when
+		// sent from an AF_INET6 socket. Normalize the remote endpoint to IPv4-mapped
+		// IPv6 so its address family matches our listening socket.
+		// TODO: maybe bind the Rosenpass UDP server to the peer wg IP addr
+		if v4 := pcfg.Endpoint.IP.To4(); v4 != nil {
+			pcfg.Endpoint.IP = v4.To16()
+		}
 	}
 	peerID, err := m.server.AddPeer(pcfg)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -182,24 +226,31 @@ func (m *Manager) Run() error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	m.server, err = rp.NewUDPServer(conf)
+	server, err := rp.NewUDPServer(conf)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	m.lock.Lock()
+	m.server = server
+	m.lock.Unlock()
+
 	log.Infof("starting rosenpass server on port %d", m.port)
 
-	return m.server.Run()
+	return server.Run()
 }
 
 // Close closes the Rosenpass server
 func (m *Manager) Close() error {
-	if m.server != nil {
-		err := m.server.Close()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed closing local rosenpass server")
-		}
-		m.server = nil
+	m.lock.Lock()
+	server := m.server
+	m.server = nil
+	m.lock.Unlock()
+	if server == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := server.Close(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed closing local rosenpass server: %v", err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/rosenpass/manager_test.go b/client/internal/rosenpass/manager_test.go
index 90bbdda59..ace6f88da 100644
--- a/client/internal/rosenpass/manager_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/rosenpass/manager_test.go
@@ -1,14 +1,412 @@
 package rosenpass
 
 import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
+	rp "cunicu.li/go-rosenpass"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
 )
 
+// --- test doubles -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+type addPeerCall struct {
+	cfg rp.PeerConfig
+}
+
+type removePeerCall struct {
+	id rp.PeerID
+}
+
+type mockServer struct {
+	mu         sync.Mutex
+	addCalls   []addPeerCall
+	removed    []removePeerCall
+	nextID     rp.PeerID
+	addErr     error
+	removeErr  error
+	closed     bool
+	ran        bool
+}
+
+func (m *mockServer) AddPeer(cfg rp.PeerConfig) (rp.PeerID, error) {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.addCalls = append(m.addCalls, addPeerCall{cfg: cfg})
+	if m.addErr != nil {
+		return rp.PeerID{}, m.addErr
+	}
+	// Increment a byte in nextID so distinct peers get distinct IDs.
+	m.nextID[0]++
+	return m.nextID, nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockServer) RemovePeer(id rp.PeerID) error {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.removed = append(m.removed, removePeerCall{id: id})
+	return m.removeErr
+}
+
+func (m *mockServer) Run() error  { m.ran = true; return nil }
+func (m *mockServer) Close() error { m.closed = true; return nil }
+
+type setPSKCall struct {
+	peerKey    string
+	psk        wgtypes.Key
+	updateOnly bool
+}
+
+type mockIface struct {
+	mu    sync.Mutex
+	calls []setPSKCall
+	err   error
+}
+
+func (m *mockIface) SetPresharedKey(peerKey string, psk wgtypes.Key, updateOnly bool) error {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.calls = append(m.calls, setPSKCall{peerKey: peerKey, psk: psk, updateOnly: updateOnly})
+	return m.err
+}
+
+// newTestManager builds a Manager with deterministic spk so tie-break
+// against a peer pubkey is controllable from tests. The provided spk byte
+// becomes the first byte; remaining bytes are zero.
+func newTestManager(spkFirstByte byte, mock *mockServer) *Manager {
+	spk := make([]byte, 32)
+	spk[0] = spkFirstByte
+	return &Manager{
+		ifaceName:   "wt0",
+		spk:         spk,
+		ssk:         make([]byte, 32),
+		rpKeyHash:   "test-hash",
+		rpPeerIDs:   make(map[string]*rp.PeerID),
+		rpWgHandler: NewNetbirdHandler(),
+		server:      mock,
+	}
+}
+
+// validWGKey returns a deterministic 32-byte wireguard public key (base64).
+func validWGKey(t *testing.T, lastByte byte) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	var k wgtypes.Key
+	k[31] = lastByte
+	return k.String()
+}
+
+// --- pure helpers ----------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestHashRosenpassKey_Deterministic(t *testing.T) {
+	key := []byte("hello-rosenpass")
+	require.Equal(t, hashRosenpassKey(key), hashRosenpassKey(key))
+	require.Len(t, hashRosenpassKey(key), 64) // sha256 hex
+}
+
+func TestHashRosenpassKey_DifferentInputsDifferOutputs(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NotEqual(t, hashRosenpassKey([]byte("a")), hashRosenpassKey([]byte("b")))
+}
+
+func TestGetLogLevel_DefaultWhenUnset(t *testing.T) {
+	// Snapshot + unset to exercise the LookupEnv ok=false branch. t.Setenv
+	// can only set, not delete, so do it manually with restore via t.Cleanup.
+	prev, hadPrev := os.LookupEnv(defaultLogLevelVar)
+	require.NoError(t, os.Unsetenv(defaultLogLevelVar))
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if hadPrev {
+			_ = os.Setenv(defaultLogLevelVar, prev)
+		} else {
+			_ = os.Unsetenv(defaultLogLevelVar)
+		}
+	})
+	require.Equal(t, defaultLog.String(), getLogLevel().String())
+}
+
+func TestGetLogLevel_Cases(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		"debug":   "DEBUG",
+		"info":    "INFO",
+		"warn":    "WARN",
+		"error":   "ERROR",
+		"unknown": "INFO", // default fallback
+	}
+	for input, wantStr := range cases {
+		input, wantStr := input, wantStr
+		t.Run(input, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv(defaultLogLevelVar, input)
+			require.Equal(t, wantStr, getLogLevel().String())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestFindRandomAvailableUDPPort(t *testing.T) {
 	port, err := findRandomAvailableUDPPort()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Greater(t, port, 0)
 	require.LessOrEqual(t, port, 65535)
 }
+
+// --- addPeer ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestAddPeer_HigherLocalPubkey_SetsEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv) // local spk lexicographically larger
+
+	remotePubKey := make([]byte, 32) // remote spk = all zeros (smaller)
+	err := m.addPeer(remotePubKey, "rosenpass-host:7000", "100.1.1.1", validWGKey(t, 1))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, srv.addCalls, 1)
+
+	ep := srv.addCalls[0].cfg.Endpoint
+	require.NotNil(t, ep, "initiator side must set Endpoint")
+	require.Equal(t, 7000, ep.Port)
+	require.Equal(t, "100.1.1.1", ep.IP.String())
+}
+
+func TestAddPeer_HigherLocalPubkey_EndpointIPIsIPv4Mapped(t *testing.T) {
+	// Regression guard for the EDESTADDRREQ fix: Endpoint.IP must be 16-byte
+	// (IPv4-mapped IPv6) so it matches the AF_INET6 listening socket family.
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+
+	err := m.addPeer(make([]byte, 32), "rp:5000", "100.1.1.1", validWGKey(t, 1))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ep := srv.addCalls[0].cfg.Endpoint
+	require.NotNil(t, ep)
+	require.Len(t, ep.IP, 16, "IPv4 endpoint must be normalized to 16-byte v4-mapped form")
+	require.True(t, ep.IP.To4() != nil, "Endpoint must still be detected as IPv4")
+}
+
+func TestAddPeer_LowerLocalPubkey_LeavesEndpointNil(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0x00, srv) // local spk smaller
+
+	remotePubKey := make([]byte, 32)
+	remotePubKey[0] = 0xFF
+	err := m.addPeer(remotePubKey, "rp:5000", "100.1.1.1", validWGKey(t, 2))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Nil(t, srv.addCalls[0].cfg.Endpoint, "responder side must NOT set Endpoint")
+}
+
+func TestAddPeer_PresharedKeyPropagated(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	psk := &wgtypes.Key{0x42}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+	m.preSharedKey = (*[32]byte)(psk)
+
+	err := m.addPeer(make([]byte, 32), "rp:5000", "100.1.1.1", validWGKey(t, 3))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, [32]byte(*psk), [32]byte(srv.addCalls[0].cfg.PresharedKey))
+}
+
+func TestAddPeer_InvalidRosenpassAddr_ReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv) // initiator path → parses rosenpassAddr
+
+	err := m.addPeer(make([]byte, 32), "not-a-host-port", "100.1.1.1", validWGKey(t, 1))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Empty(t, srv.addCalls, "server.AddPeer must not run when address parse fails")
+}
+
+func TestAddPeer_InvalidWireGuardPubKey_ReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+
+	err := m.addPeer(make([]byte, 32), "rp:5000", "100.1.1.1", "not-a-valid-key")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestAddPeer_ServerError_Propagates(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{addErr: errors.New("boom")}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+
+	err := m.addPeer(make([]byte, 32), "rp:5000", "100.1.1.1", validWGKey(t, 1))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+// Regression guard for issue #4341 (Android crash). If Run() has not completed
+// before OnConnected fires, m.rpWgHandler or m.server may be nil. Without the
+// nil guards, m.rpWgHandler.AddPeer panics on nil receiver.
+func TestAddPeer_NilHandler_ReturnsErrorNoCrash(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+	m.rpWgHandler = nil // simulate Run() not yet completed
+
+	err := m.addPeer(make([]byte, 32), "rp:5000", "100.1.1.1", validWGKey(t, 1))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "wg handler not initialized")
+}
+
+func TestAddPeer_NilServer_ReturnsErrorNoCrash(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, nil)
+	m.server = nil // simulate Run() not yet completed
+
+	err := m.addPeer(make([]byte, 32), "rp:5000", "100.1.1.1", validWGKey(t, 1))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "server not initialized")
+}
+
+// NewManager must pre-initialize rpWgHandler so the nil-receiver crash from
+// issue #4341 cannot occur in the window between NewManager and Run().
+func TestNewManager_PreInitializesHandler(t *testing.T) {
+	psk := wgtypes.Key{}
+	m, err := NewManager(&psk, "wt0")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, m.rpWgHandler, "rpWgHandler must be initialized in NewManager")
+}
+
+func TestAddPeer_RecordsPeerID(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+
+	wgKey := validWGKey(t, 5)
+	err := m.addPeer(make([]byte, 32), "rp:5000", "100.1.1.1", wgKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, m.rpPeerIDs, wgKey)
+}
+
+// --- OnConnected / OnDisconnected ------------------------------------------
+
+func TestOnConnected_NilRemotePubKey_NoAddPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+
+	m.OnConnected(validWGKey(t, 1), nil, "100.1.1.1", "rp:5000")
+	require.Empty(t, srv.addCalls, "nil remote rosenpass pubkey must skip AddPeer")
+	require.Empty(t, m.rpPeerIDs)
+}
+
+func TestOnConnected_ValidPubKey_CallsAddPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+
+	wgKey := validWGKey(t, 1)
+	m.OnConnected(wgKey, make([]byte, 32), "100.1.1.1", "rp:5000")
+	require.Len(t, srv.addCalls, 1)
+	require.Contains(t, m.rpPeerIDs, wgKey)
+}
+
+func TestOnDisconnected_UnknownPeer_NoOp(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+
+	m.OnDisconnected(validWGKey(t, 99))
+	require.Empty(t, srv.removed, "unknown peer key must not call RemovePeer")
+}
+
+func TestOnDisconnected_KnownPeer_CallsRemoveAndForgets(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+
+	wgKey := validWGKey(t, 1)
+	require.NoError(t, m.addPeer(make([]byte, 32), "rp:5000", "100.1.1.1", wgKey))
+	require.Contains(t, m.rpPeerIDs, wgKey)
+
+	m.OnDisconnected(wgKey)
+	require.Len(t, srv.removed, 1)
+	require.NotContains(t, m.rpPeerIDs, wgKey, "peer must be forgotten after disconnect")
+}
+
+// --- IsPresharedKeyInitialized ---------------------------------------------
+
+func TestIsPresharedKeyInitialized_UnknownPeer_ReturnsFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+	require.False(t, m.IsPresharedKeyInitialized(validWGKey(t, 1)))
+}
+
+func TestIsPresharedKeyInitialized_AddedButNotHandshaken_ReturnsFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+
+	wgKey := validWGKey(t, 2)
+	require.NoError(t, m.addPeer(make([]byte, 32), "rp:5000", "100.1.1.1", wgKey))
+	require.False(t, m.IsPresharedKeyInitialized(wgKey))
+}
+
+// --- NetbirdHandler.outputKey ----------------------------------------------
+
+func TestHandler_OutputKey_FirstCallUsesUpdateOnlyFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewNetbirdHandler()
+	iface := &mockIface{}
+	h.SetInterface(iface)
+
+	pid := rp.PeerID{0x01}
+	wgKey := wgtypes.Key{0xAA}
+	h.AddPeer(pid, "wt0", rp.Key(wgKey))
+
+	psk := rp.Key{0xBB}
+	h.HandshakeCompleted(pid, psk)
+
+	require.Len(t, iface.calls, 1)
+	require.False(t, iface.calls[0].updateOnly, "first PSK rotation must use updateOnly=false")
+	require.Equal(t, wgKey.String(), iface.calls[0].peerKey)
+}
+
+func TestHandler_OutputKey_SubsequentCallsUseUpdateOnlyTrue(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewNetbirdHandler()
+	iface := &mockIface{}
+	h.SetInterface(iface)
+
+	pid := rp.PeerID{0x02}
+	h.AddPeer(pid, "wt0", rp.Key(wgtypes.Key{0xCC}))
+
+	h.HandshakeCompleted(pid, rp.Key{0x01}) // first
+	h.HandshakeCompleted(pid, rp.Key{0x02}) // second
+
+	require.Len(t, iface.calls, 2)
+	require.False(t, iface.calls[0].updateOnly)
+	require.True(t, iface.calls[1].updateOnly, "subsequent rotations must use updateOnly=true")
+}
+
+func TestHandler_OutputKey_NilInterface_NoCrashNoCall(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewNetbirdHandler()
+	// no SetInterface — iface remains nil
+	pid := rp.PeerID{0x03}
+	h.AddPeer(pid, "wt0", rp.Key(wgtypes.Key{}))
+
+	// Must not panic.
+	h.HandshakeCompleted(pid, rp.Key{})
+}
+
+func TestHandler_OutputKey_UnknownPeer_NoCall(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewNetbirdHandler()
+	iface := &mockIface{}
+	h.SetInterface(iface)
+
+	h.HandshakeCompleted(rp.PeerID{0xFF}, rp.Key{})
+	require.Empty(t, iface.calls, "unknown peer id must not trigger SetPresharedKey")
+}
+
+func TestHandler_RemovePeer_ClearsInitializedState(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewNetbirdHandler()
+	iface := &mockIface{}
+	h.SetInterface(iface)
+
+	pid := rp.PeerID{0x04}
+	h.AddPeer(pid, "wt0", rp.Key(wgtypes.Key{0xDD}))
+	h.HandshakeCompleted(pid, rp.Key{0x01})
+	require.True(t, h.IsPeerInitialized(pid))
+
+	h.RemovePeer(pid)
+	require.False(t, h.IsPeerInitialized(pid), "RemovePeer must clear initialized flag")
+}
+
+func TestHandler_SetInterfaceAfterAddPeer_StillReceivesKey(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewNetbirdHandler()
+	pid := rp.PeerID{0x05}
+	wgKey := wgtypes.Key{0xEE}
+	h.AddPeer(pid, "wt0", rp.Key(wgKey))
+
+	iface := &mockIface{}
+	h.SetInterface(iface) // set after AddPeer
+
+	h.HandshakeCompleted(pid, rp.Key{0x42})
+	require.Len(t, iface.calls, 1)
+	require.Equal(t, wgKey.String(), iface.calls[0].peerKey)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/rosenpass/seed.go b/client/internal/rosenpass/seed.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83aba1e0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/rosenpass/seed.go
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package rosenpass
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
+)
+
+// DeterministicSeedKey derives a 32-byte WireGuard preshared key from a pair
+// of peer public keys. Both peers, given the same key pair, produce the same
+// output regardless of which side runs the function: the inputs are ordered
+// lexicographically before concatenation.
+//
+// NetBird uses this value as the initial Rosenpass-side preshared key when no
+// explicit account-level PSK is configured, so both peers converge on the same
+// PSK before the first post-quantum handshake completes.
+//
+// The resulting key MUST NOT be treated as quantum-safe: it is deterministic
+// from public keys and exists only to seed WireGuard until Rosenpass rotates
+// in a real post-quantum PSK.
+func DeterministicSeedKey(localKey, remoteKey string) (*wgtypes.Key, error) {
+	lk := []byte(localKey)
+	rk := []byte(remoteKey)
+	if len(lk) < 16 || len(rk) < 16 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("rosenpass: peer keys must be at least 16 bytes (got local=%d, remote=%d)", len(lk), len(rk))
+	}
+
+	var keyInput []byte
+	if localKey > remoteKey {
+		keyInput = append(keyInput, lk[:16]...)
+		keyInput = append(keyInput, rk[:16]...)
+	} else {
+		keyInput = append(keyInput, rk[:16]...)
+		keyInput = append(keyInput, lk[:16]...)
+	}
+
+	key, err := wgtypes.NewKey(keyInput)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("rosenpass: deterministic seed key: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &key, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/rosenpass/seed_test.go b/client/internal/rosenpass/seed_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0dfa478c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/rosenpass/seed_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package rosenpass
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestDeterministicSeedKey_SameForBothSides(t *testing.T) {
+	// Peer A and peer B must derive the same PSK regardless of which side
+	// computes it: the function orders inputs internally.
+	a := strings.Repeat("a", 32)
+	b := strings.Repeat("b", 32)
+
+	keyAB, err := DeterministicSeedKey(a, b)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	keyBA, err := DeterministicSeedKey(b, a)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, keyAB.String(), keyBA.String(), "swapping arguments must yield identical key")
+}
+
+func TestDeterministicSeedKey_ChangesWithKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	a := strings.Repeat("a", 32)
+	b := strings.Repeat("b", 32)
+	c := strings.Repeat("c", 32)
+
+	keyAB, err := DeterministicSeedKey(a, b)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	keyAC, err := DeterministicSeedKey(a, c)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEqual(t, keyAB.String(), keyAC.String(), "different peer pair must yield different key")
+}
+
+func TestDeterministicSeedKey_TooShortKey_ReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
+	short := "short" // < 16 bytes
+	long := strings.Repeat("x", 32)
+
+	_, err := DeterministicSeedKey(short, long)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	_, err = DeterministicSeedKey(long, short)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/routeflags_addfilter_bsd.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/routeflags_addfilter_bsd.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45a1bfceb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/routeflags_addfilter_bsd.go
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build dragonfly || freebsd || netbsd || openbsd
+
+package systemops
+
+// IgnoreAddedDefaultRoute reports whether an RTM_ADD default route with the
+// given flags should be ignored by the network monitor.
+func IgnoreAddedDefaultRoute(flags int) bool {
+	return filterRoutesByFlags(flags)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/routeflags_addfilter_darwin.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/routeflags_addfilter_darwin.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e8f655387
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/routeflags_addfilter_darwin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//go:build darwin
+
+package systemops
+
+import "golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+
+// IgnoreAddedDefaultRoute reports whether an RTM_ADD default route with the
+// given flags should be ignored by the network monitor. Scoped routes
+// (RTF_IFSCOPE) are tied to a specific interface index and cannot replace the
+// unscoped default the kernel uses for general egress, so flapping ones (e.g.
+// Wi-Fi calling IMS tunnels on ipsec0, Docker bridges, scoped utun defaults)
+// must not trigger an engine restart.
+func IgnoreAddedDefaultRoute(flags int) bool {
+	if filterRoutesByFlags(flags) {
+		return true
+	}
+	if flags&unix.RTF_IFSCOPE != 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/statemanager/manager.go b/client/internal/statemanager/manager.go
index 2c9e46290..566905985 100644
--- a/client/internal/statemanager/manager.go
+++ b/client/internal/statemanager/manager.go
@@ -96,17 +96,19 @@ func (m *Manager) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 
 	m.mu.Lock()
-	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	cancel := m.cancel
+	done := m.done
+	m.mu.Unlock()
 
-	if m.cancel == nil {
+	if cancel == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	m.cancel()
+	cancel()
 
 	select {
 	case <-ctx.Done():
 		return ctx.Err()
-	case <-m.done:
+	case <-done:
 	}
 
 	return nil
diff --git a/client/internal/syncstore/disk.go b/client/internal/syncstore/disk.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb24e87a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/syncstore/disk.go
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+package syncstore
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
+
+	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+)
+
+// syncResponseFileName is the name of the file the sync response is serialized
+// to, placed inside the configured directory (the state directory).
+const syncResponseFileName = "networkmap.pb"
+
+// diskStore serializes the latest sync response to a file on disk instead of
+// keeping it in memory. This trades disk I/O for a much smaller memory
+// footprint, which matters on memory-constrained platforms (iOS).
+type diskStore struct {
+	mu   sync.Mutex
+	path string
+}
+
+// NewDiskStore returns a Store that serializes the sync response to a file in
+// the given directory. If dir is empty it falls back to the OS temp directory.
+//
+// Any file left over from a previous run is removed on construction so a fresh
+// store never reads stale data (e.g. another profile's network map).
+func NewDiskStore(dir string) Store {
+	if dir == "" {
+		dir = os.TempDir()
+	}
+	s := &diskStore{
+		path: filepath.Join(dir, syncResponseFileName),
+	}
+	if err := s.Clear(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to clear stale sync response file: %v", err)
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+func (s *diskStore) Set(resp *mgmProto.SyncResponse) error {
+	if resp == nil {
+		return s.Clear()
+	}
+
+	bs, err := proto.Marshal(resp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("marshal sync response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if err := util.WriteBytesWithRestrictedPermission(context.Background(), s.path, bs); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write sync response to %s: %w", s.path, err)
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("sync response persisted to %s (%d bytes)", s.path, len(bs))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *diskStore) Get() (*mgmProto.SyncResponse, error) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	bs, err := os.ReadFile(s.path)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			//nolint:nilnil // nil,nil means "nothing stored", per the Store contract; preserve the original behaviour
+			return nil, nil
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read sync response from %s: %w", s.path, err)
+	}
+
+	resp := &mgmProto.SyncResponse{}
+	if err := proto.Unmarshal(bs, resp); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal sync response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("retrieving latest sync response from %s (%d bytes)", s.path, len(bs))
+	return resp, nil
+}
+
+func (s *diskStore) Clear() error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if err := os.Remove(s.path); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("remove sync response file %s: %w", s.path, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/syncstore/factory_ios.go b/client/internal/syncstore/factory_ios.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f19ab5e5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/syncstore/factory_ios.go
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build ios
+
+package syncstore
+
+// New returns the platform default store. On iOS the sync response is
+// serialized to disk (in dir) to keep it out of the constrained process memory.
+func New(dir string) Store {
+	return NewDiskStore(dir)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/syncstore/factory_other.go b/client/internal/syncstore/factory_other.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79ea46116
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/syncstore/factory_other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build !ios
+
+package syncstore
+
+// New returns the platform default store. On all non-iOS platforms the sync
+// response is kept in memory; dir is unused.
+func New(_ string) Store {
+	return NewMemoryStore()
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/syncstore/memory.go b/client/internal/syncstore/memory.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fc069069
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/syncstore/memory.go
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package syncstore
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
+
+	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// memoryStore keeps the latest sync response in memory.
+type memoryStore struct {
+	mu     sync.RWMutex
+	latest *mgmProto.SyncResponse
+}
+
+// NewMemoryStore returns a Store that keeps the sync response in memory.
+func NewMemoryStore() Store {
+	return &memoryStore{}
+}
+
+func (s *memoryStore) Set(resp *mgmProto.SyncResponse) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	s.latest = resp
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *memoryStore) Get() (*mgmProto.SyncResponse, error) {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	latest := s.latest
+	s.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	if latest == nil {
+		//nolint:nilnil // nil,nil means "nothing stored", per the Store contract; preserve the original behaviour
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("retrieving latest sync response with size %d bytes", proto.Size(latest))
+	sr, ok := proto.Clone(latest).(*mgmProto.SyncResponse)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("clone sync response")
+	}
+	return sr, nil
+}
+
+func (s *memoryStore) Clear() error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	s.latest = nil
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/syncstore/syncstore.go b/client/internal/syncstore/syncstore.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba24b9c57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/syncstore/syncstore.go
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Package syncstore stores the latest Management sync response (which carries
+// the network map) for debug bundle generation.
+//
+// The storage backend is selected at build time per operating system: on iOS
+// the response is serialized to disk to keep it out of the (tightly
+// constrained) process memory, while on all other platforms it is kept in
+// memory. The backend is chosen by the New constructor; see factory_ios.go and
+// factory_other.go.
+package syncstore
+
+import (
+	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// Store persists the latest sync response and returns it on demand.
+//
+// Implementations must be safe for concurrent use.
+type Store interface {
+	// Set stores the given sync response, replacing any previously stored one.
+	Set(resp *mgmProto.SyncResponse) error
+
+	// Get returns the stored sync response, or nil if none is stored.
+	// The returned value is an independent copy that the caller may retain.
+	Get() (*mgmProto.SyncResponse, error)
+
+	// Clear removes any stored sync response. It is safe to call when nothing
+	// is stored.
+	Clear() error
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/updater/manager.go b/client/internal/updater/manager.go
index dfcb93177..7fc300739 100644
--- a/client/internal/updater/manager.go
+++ b/client/internal/updater/manager.go
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ import (
 
 const (
 	latestVersion = "latest"
-	// this version will be ignored
-	developmentVersion = "development"
 )
 
 var errNoUpdateState = errors.New("no update state found")
@@ -483,7 +481,7 @@ func (m *Manager) loadAndDeleteUpdateState(ctx context.Context) (*UpdateState, e
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) shouldUpdate(updateVersion *v.Version, forceUpdate bool) bool {
-	if m.currentVersion == developmentVersion {
+	if version.IsDevelopmentVersion(m.currentVersion) {
 		log.Debugf("skipping auto-update, running development version")
 		return false
 	}
diff --git a/client/server/server_test.go b/client/server/server_test.go
index 641cd85fe..66e0fcc4c 100644
--- a/client/server/server_test.go
+++ b/client/server/server_test.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel"
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T, signalAddr string, counter *int) (*grpc.Serve
 		return nil, "", err
 	}
 
-	ia, _ := integrations.NewIntegratedValidator(context.Background(), peersManager, settingsManagerMock, eventStore, cacheStore)
+	ia, _ := validator.NewIntegratedValidator(context.Background(), peersManager, settingsManagerMock, eventStore, cacheStore)
 
 	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(context.Background())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
diff --git a/client/system/info_linux.go b/client/system/info_linux.go
index 6c7a23b95..de37a9f5b 100644
--- a/client/system/info_linux.go
+++ b/client/system/info_linux.go
@@ -3,15 +3,14 @@
 package system
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"os"
-	"os/exec"
 	"regexp"
 	"runtime"
-	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/zcalusic/sysinfo"
 
@@ -29,19 +28,11 @@ func UpdateStaticInfoAsync() {
 
 // GetInfo retrieves and parses the system information
 func GetInfo(ctx context.Context) *Info {
-	info := _getInfo()
-	for strings.Contains(info, "broken pipe") {
-		info = _getInfo()
-		time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
-	}
-
-	osStr := strings.ReplaceAll(info, "\n", "")
-	osStr = strings.ReplaceAll(osStr, "\r\n", "")
-	osInfo := strings.Split(osStr, " ")
+	kernelName, kernelVersion, kernelPlatform := kernelInfo()
 
 	osName, osVersion := readOsReleaseFile()
 	if osName == "" {
-		osName = osInfo[3]
+		osName = kernelName
 	}
 
 	systemHostname, _ := os.Hostname()
@@ -58,8 +49,8 @@ func GetInfo(ctx context.Context) *Info {
 	}
 
 	gio := &Info{
-		Kernel:             osInfo[0],
-		Platform:           osInfo[2],
+		Kernel:             kernelName,
+		Platform:           kernelPlatform,
 		OS:                 osName,
 		OSVersion:          osVersion,
 		Hostname:           extractDeviceName(ctx, systemHostname),
@@ -67,7 +58,7 @@ func GetInfo(ctx context.Context) *Info {
 		CPUs:               runtime.NumCPU(),
 		NetbirdVersion:     version.NetbirdVersion(),
 		UIVersion:          extractUserAgent(ctx),
-		KernelVersion:      osInfo[1],
+		KernelVersion:      kernelVersion,
 		NetworkAddresses:   addrs,
 		SystemSerialNumber: si.SystemSerialNumber,
 		SystemProductName:  si.SystemProductName,
@@ -78,18 +69,12 @@ func GetInfo(ctx context.Context) *Info {
 	return gio
 }
 
-func _getInfo() string {
-	cmd := exec.Command("uname", "-srio")
-	cmd.Stdin = strings.NewReader("some")
-	var out bytes.Buffer
-	var stderr bytes.Buffer
-	cmd.Stdout = &out
-	cmd.Stderr = &stderr
-	err := cmd.Run()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("getInfo: %s", err)
+func kernelInfo() (string, string, string) {
+	var uts unix.Utsname
+	if err := unix.Uname(&uts); err != nil {
+		return "", "", ""
 	}
-	return out.String()
+	return unix.ByteSliceToString(uts.Sysname[:]), unix.ByteSliceToString(uts.Release[:]), unix.ByteSliceToString(uts.Machine[:])
 }
 
 func sysInfo() (string, string, string) {
diff --git a/client/wasm/internal/rdp/cert_validation.go b/client/wasm/internal/rdp/cert_validation.go
index 1678c3996..47e30b6e6 100644
--- a/client/wasm/internal/rdp/cert_validation.go
+++ b/client/wasm/internal/rdp/cert_validation.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"crypto/x509"
 	"fmt"
+	"sync"
 	"syscall/js"
 	"time"
 
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	certValidationTimeout = 60 * time.Second
+	certValidationTimeout = 5 * time.Minute
 )
 
 func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) validateCertificateWithJS(conn *proxyConnection, certChain [][]byte) (bool, error) {
@@ -46,17 +47,31 @@ func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) validateCertificateWithJS(conn *proxyConnection, cert
 
 	promise := conn.wsHandlers.Call("onCertificateRequest", certInfo)
 
-	resultChan := make(chan bool)
-	errorChan := make(chan error)
+	resultChan := make(chan bool, 1)
+	errorChan := make(chan error, 1)
 
-	promise.Call("then", js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
-		result := args[0].Bool()
-		resultChan <- result
+	// Release from inside the callbacks so a post-timeout promise resolution
+	// does not invoke an already-released func.
+	var thenFn, catchFn js.Func
+	var releaseOnce sync.Once
+	release := func() {
+		releaseOnce.Do(func() {
+			thenFn.Release()
+			catchFn.Release()
+		})
+	}
+	thenFn = js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
+		defer release()
+		resultChan <- args[0].Bool()
 		return nil
-	})).Call("catch", js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
+	})
+	catchFn = js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
+		defer release()
 		errorChan <- fmt.Errorf("certificate validation failed")
 		return nil
-	}))
+	})
+
+	promise.Call("then", thenFn).Call("catch", catchFn)
 
 	select {
 	case result := <-resultChan:
diff --git a/client/wasm/internal/rdp/rdcleanpath.go b/client/wasm/internal/rdp/rdcleanpath.go
index 6c36fdec6..ee420dca4 100644
--- a/client/wasm/internal/rdp/rdcleanpath.go
+++ b/client/wasm/internal/rdp/rdcleanpath.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall/js"
 	"time"
 
@@ -57,6 +58,8 @@ type RDCleanPathProxy struct {
 	}
 	activeConnections map[string]*proxyConnection
 	destinations      map[string]string
+	pendingHandlers   map[string]js.Func
+	nextID            atomic.Uint64
 	mu                sync.Mutex
 }
 
@@ -66,8 +69,15 @@ type proxyConnection struct {
 	rdpConn     net.Conn
 	tlsConn     *tls.Conn
 	wsHandlers  js.Value
-	ctx         context.Context
-	cancel      context.CancelFunc
+	// Go-side callbacks exposed to JS. js.FuncOf pins the Go closure in a
+	// global handle map and MUST be released, otherwise every connection
+	// leaks the Go memory the closure captures.
+	wsHandlerFn  js.Func
+	onMessageFn  js.Func
+	onCloseFn    js.Func
+	cleanupOnce  sync.Once
+	ctx          context.Context
+	cancel       context.CancelFunc
 }
 
 // NewRDCleanPathProxy creates a new RDCleanPath proxy
@@ -80,7 +90,11 @@ func NewRDCleanPathProxy(client interface {
 	}
 }
 
-// CreateProxy creates a new proxy endpoint for the given destination
+// CreateProxy creates a new proxy endpoint for the given destination.
+// The registered handler fn and its destinations/pendingHandlers entries are
+// only released once a connection is established and cleanupConnection runs.
+// If a caller invokes CreateProxy but never connects to the returned URL,
+// those entries stay pinned for the lifetime of the page.
 func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) CreateProxy(hostname, port string) js.Value {
 	destination := net.JoinHostPort(hostname, port)
 
@@ -88,7 +102,7 @@ func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) CreateProxy(hostname, port string) js.Value {
 		resolve := args[0]
 
 		go func() {
-			proxyID := fmt.Sprintf("proxy_%d", len(p.activeConnections))
+			proxyID := fmt.Sprintf("proxy_%d", p.nextID.Add(1))
 
 			p.mu.Lock()
 			if p.destinations == nil {
@@ -100,7 +114,7 @@ func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) CreateProxy(hostname, port string) js.Value {
 			proxyURL := fmt.Sprintf("%s://%s/%s", RDCleanPathProxyScheme, RDCleanPathProxyHost, proxyID)
 
 			// Register the WebSocket handler for this specific proxy
-			js.Global().Set(fmt.Sprintf("handleRDCleanPathWebSocket_%s", proxyID), js.FuncOf(func(_ js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
+			handlerFn := js.FuncOf(func(_ js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
 				if len(args) < 1 {
 					return js.ValueOf("error: requires WebSocket argument")
 				}
@@ -108,7 +122,14 @@ func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) CreateProxy(hostname, port string) js.Value {
 				ws := args[0]
 				p.HandleWebSocketConnection(ws, proxyID)
 				return nil
-			}))
+			})
+			p.mu.Lock()
+			if p.pendingHandlers == nil {
+				p.pendingHandlers = make(map[string]js.Func)
+			}
+			p.pendingHandlers[proxyID] = handlerFn
+			p.mu.Unlock()
+			js.Global().Set(fmt.Sprintf("handleRDCleanPathWebSocket_%s", proxyID), handlerFn)
 
 			log.Infof("Created RDCleanPath proxy endpoint: %s for destination: %s", proxyURL, destination)
 			resolve.Invoke(proxyURL)
@@ -142,6 +163,10 @@ func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) HandleWebSocketConnection(ws js.Value, proxyID string
 
 	p.mu.Lock()
 	p.activeConnections[proxyID] = conn
+	if fn, ok := p.pendingHandlers[proxyID]; ok {
+		conn.wsHandlerFn = fn
+		delete(p.pendingHandlers, proxyID)
+	}
 	p.mu.Unlock()
 
 	p.setupWebSocketHandlers(ws, conn)
@@ -150,7 +175,7 @@ func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) HandleWebSocketConnection(ws js.Value, proxyID string
 }
 
 func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) setupWebSocketHandlers(ws js.Value, conn *proxyConnection) {
-	ws.Set("onGoMessage", js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
+	conn.onMessageFn = js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
 		if len(args) < 1 {
 			return nil
 		}
@@ -158,13 +183,15 @@ func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) setupWebSocketHandlers(ws js.Value, conn *proxyConnec
 		data := args[0]
 		go p.handleWebSocketMessage(conn, data)
 		return nil
-	}))
+	})
+	ws.Set("onGoMessage", conn.onMessageFn)
 
-	ws.Set("onGoClose", js.FuncOf(func(_ js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
+	conn.onCloseFn = js.FuncOf(func(_ js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
 		log.Debug("WebSocket closed by JavaScript")
 		conn.cancel()
 		return nil
-	}))
+	})
+	ws.Set("onGoClose", conn.onCloseFn)
 }
 
 func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) handleWebSocketMessage(conn *proxyConnection, data js.Value) {
@@ -261,25 +288,49 @@ func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) handleDirectRDP(conn *proxyConnection, firstPacket []
 }
 
 func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) cleanupConnection(conn *proxyConnection) {
-	log.Debugf("Cleaning up connection %s", conn.id)
-	conn.cancel()
-	if conn.tlsConn != nil {
-		log.Debug("Closing TLS connection")
-		if err := conn.tlsConn.Close(); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("Error closing TLS connection: %v", err)
+	conn.cleanupOnce.Do(func() {
+		log.Debugf("Cleaning up connection %s", conn.id)
+		conn.cancel()
+		if conn.tlsConn != nil {
+			log.Debug("Closing TLS connection")
+			if err := conn.tlsConn.Close(); err != nil {
+				log.Debugf("Error closing TLS connection: %v", err)
+			}
+			conn.tlsConn = nil
 		}
-		conn.tlsConn = nil
-	}
-	if conn.rdpConn != nil {
-		log.Debug("Closing TCP connection")
-		if err := conn.rdpConn.Close(); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("Error closing TCP connection: %v", err)
+		if conn.rdpConn != nil {
+			log.Debug("Closing TCP connection")
+			if err := conn.rdpConn.Close(); err != nil {
+				log.Debugf("Error closing TCP connection: %v", err)
+			}
+			conn.rdpConn = nil
 		}
-		conn.rdpConn = nil
-	}
-	p.mu.Lock()
-	delete(p.activeConnections, conn.id)
-	p.mu.Unlock()
+		js.Global().Delete(fmt.Sprintf("handleRDCleanPathWebSocket_%s", conn.id))
+
+		// Detach before releasing so late JS calls surface as TypeError instead
+		// of silent "call to released function".
+		if conn.wsHandlers.Truthy() {
+			conn.wsHandlers.Set("onGoMessage", js.Undefined())
+			conn.wsHandlers.Set("onGoClose", js.Undefined())
+		}
+
+		// wsHandlerFn may be zero-value if the pending handler lookup missed.
+		if conn.wsHandlerFn.Truthy() {
+			conn.wsHandlerFn.Release()
+		}
+		if conn.onMessageFn.Truthy() {
+			conn.onMessageFn.Release()
+		}
+		if conn.onCloseFn.Truthy() {
+			conn.onCloseFn.Release()
+		}
+
+		p.mu.Lock()
+		delete(p.activeConnections, conn.id)
+		delete(p.destinations, conn.id)
+		delete(p.pendingHandlers, conn.id)
+		p.mu.Unlock()
+	})
 }
 
 func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) sendToWebSocket(conn *proxyConnection, data []byte) {
diff --git a/client/wasm/internal/ssh/handlers.go b/client/wasm/internal/ssh/handlers.go
index ea64eb0aa..6d33916a5 100644
--- a/client/wasm/internal/ssh/handlers.go
+++ b/client/wasm/internal/ssh/handlers.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 func CreateJSInterface(client *Client) js.Value {
 	jsInterface := js.Global().Get("Object").Call("create", js.Null())
 
-	jsInterface.Set("write", js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
+	writeFunc := js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
 		if len(args) < 1 {
 			return js.ValueOf(false)
 		}
@@ -32,9 +32,10 @@ func CreateJSInterface(client *Client) js.Value {
 
 		_, err := client.Write(bytes)
 		return js.ValueOf(err == nil)
-	}))
+	})
+	jsInterface.Set("write", writeFunc)
 
-	jsInterface.Set("resize", js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
+	resizeFunc := js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
 		if len(args) < 2 {
 			return js.ValueOf(false)
 		}
@@ -42,14 +43,26 @@ func CreateJSInterface(client *Client) js.Value {
 		rows := args[1].Int()
 		err := client.Resize(cols, rows)
 		return js.ValueOf(err == nil)
-	}))
+	})
+	jsInterface.Set("resize", resizeFunc)
 
-	jsInterface.Set("close", js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
+	closeFunc := js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
 		client.Close()
 		return js.Undefined()
-	}))
+	})
+	jsInterface.Set("close", closeFunc)
 
-	go readLoop(client, jsInterface)
+	go func() {
+		readLoop(client, jsInterface)
+		// Detach before releasing so late JS calls surface as TypeError instead
+		// of silent "call to released function".
+		jsInterface.Set("write", js.Undefined())
+		jsInterface.Set("resize", js.Undefined())
+		jsInterface.Set("close", js.Undefined())
+		writeFunc.Release()
+		resizeFunc.Release()
+		closeFunc.Release()
+	}()
 
 	return jsInterface
 }
diff --git a/combined/cmd/root.go b/combined/cmd/root.go
index db986b4d4..31e0580fb 100644
--- a/combined/cmd/root.go
+++ b/combined/cmd/root.go
@@ -67,6 +67,10 @@ func init() {
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(newTokenCommands())
 }
 
+func RootCmd() *cobra.Command {
+	return rootCmd
+}
+
 func Execute() error {
 	return rootCmd.Execute()
 }
@@ -168,7 +172,7 @@ func initializeConfig() error {
 // serverInstances holds all server instances created during startup.
 type serverInstances struct {
 	relaySrv      *relayServer.Server
-	mgmtSrv       *mgmtServer.BaseServer
+	mgmtSrv       mgmtServer.Server
 	signalSrv     *signalServer.Server
 	healthcheck   *healthcheck.Server
 	stunServer    *stun.Server
@@ -324,19 +328,24 @@ func setupServerHooks(servers *serverInstances, cfg *CombinedConfig) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	servers.mgmtSrv.AfterInit(func(s *mgmtServer.BaseServer) {
-		grpcSrv := s.GRPCServer()
+	if s, ok := servers.mgmtSrv.GetContainer(mgmtServer.ContainerKeyBaseServer); ok {
+		if baseServer, ok := s.(*mgmtServer.BaseServer); ok {
+			baseServer.AfterInit(func(s *mgmtServer.BaseServer) {
+				grpcSrv := s.GRPCServer()
 
-		if servers.signalSrv != nil {
-			proto.RegisterSignalExchangeServer(grpcSrv, servers.signalSrv)
-			log.Infof("Signal server registered on port %s", cfg.Server.ListenAddress)
-		}
+				if servers.signalSrv != nil {
+					proto.RegisterSignalExchangeServer(grpcSrv, servers.signalSrv)
+					log.Infof("Signal server registered on port %s", cfg.Server.ListenAddress)
+				}
 
-		s.SetHandlerFunc(createCombinedHandler(grpcSrv, s.APIHandler(), servers.relaySrv, servers.metricsServer.Meter, cfg))
-		if servers.relaySrv != nil {
-			log.Infof("Relay WebSocket handler added (path: /relay)")
+				s.SetHandlerFunc(createCombinedHandler(grpcSrv, s.APIHandler(), s.IDPHandler(), servers.relaySrv, servers.metricsServer.Meter, cfg))
+				if servers.relaySrv != nil {
+					log.Infof("Relay WebSocket handler added (path: /relay)")
+				}
+			})
 		}
-	})
+	}
+
 }
 
 func startServers(wg *sync.WaitGroup, srv *relayServer.Server, httpHealthcheck *healthcheck.Server, stunServer *stun.Server, metricsServer *sharedMetrics.Metrics) {
@@ -346,38 +355,32 @@ func startServers(wg *sync.WaitGroup, srv *relayServer.Server, httpHealthcheck *
 		log.Infof("Relay WebSocket multiplexed on management port (no separate relay listener)")
 	}
 
-	wg.Add(1)
-	go func() {
-		defer wg.Done()
+	wg.Go(func() {
 		log.Infof("running metrics server: %s%s", metricsServer.Addr, metricsServer.Endpoint)
 		if err := metricsServer.ListenAndServe(); !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
 			log.Fatalf("failed to start metrics server: %v", err)
 		}
-	}()
+	})
 
-	wg.Add(1)
-	go func() {
-		defer wg.Done()
+	wg.Go(func() {
 		if err := httpHealthcheck.ListenAndServe(); !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
 			log.Fatalf("failed to start healthcheck server: %v", err)
 		}
-	}()
+	})
 
 	if stunServer != nil {
-		wg.Add(1)
-		go func() {
-			defer wg.Done()
+		wg.Go(func() {
 			if err := stunServer.Listen(); err != nil {
 				if errors.Is(err, stun.ErrServerClosed) {
 					return
 				}
 				log.Errorf("STUN server error: %v", err)
 			}
-		}()
+		})
 	}
 }
 
-func shutdownServers(ctx context.Context, srv *relayServer.Server, httpHealthcheck *healthcheck.Server, stunServer *stun.Server, mgmtSrv *mgmtServer.BaseServer, metricsServer *sharedMetrics.Metrics) error {
+func shutdownServers(ctx context.Context, srv *relayServer.Server, httpHealthcheck *healthcheck.Server, stunServer *stun.Server, mgmtSrv mgmtServer.Server, metricsServer *sharedMetrics.Metrics) error {
 	var errs error
 
 	if err := httpHealthcheck.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
@@ -491,7 +494,7 @@ func handleTLSConfig(cfg *CombinedConfig) (*tls.Config, bool, error) {
 	return nil, false, nil
 }
 
-func createManagementServer(cfg *CombinedConfig, mgmtConfig *nbconfig.Config) (*mgmtServer.BaseServer, error) {
+func createManagementServer(cfg *CombinedConfig, mgmtConfig *nbconfig.Config) (mgmtServer.Server, error) {
 	mgmt := cfg.Management
 
 	// Extract port from listen address
@@ -502,7 +505,7 @@ func createManagementServer(cfg *CombinedConfig, mgmtConfig *nbconfig.Config) (*
 	}
 	mgmtPort, _ := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
 
-	mgmtSrv := mgmtServer.NewServer(
+	mgmtSrv := newServer(
 		&mgmtServer.Config{
 			NbConfig:                mgmtConfig,
 			DNSDomain:               "",
@@ -521,7 +524,7 @@ func createManagementServer(cfg *CombinedConfig, mgmtConfig *nbconfig.Config) (*
 }
 
 // createCombinedHandler creates an HTTP handler that multiplexes Management, Signal (via wsproxy), and Relay WebSocket traffic
-func createCombinedHandler(grpcServer *grpc.Server, httpHandler http.Handler, relaySrv *relayServer.Server, meter metric.Meter, cfg *CombinedConfig) http.Handler {
+func createCombinedHandler(grpcServer *grpc.Server, httpHandler http.Handler, idpHandler http.Handler, relaySrv *relayServer.Server, meter metric.Meter, cfg *CombinedConfig) http.Handler {
 	wsProxy := wsproxyserver.New(grpcServer, wsproxyserver.WithOTelMeter(meter))
 
 	var relayAcceptFn func(conn listener.Conn)
@@ -556,6 +559,10 @@ func createCombinedHandler(grpcServer *grpc.Server, httpHandler http.Handler, re
 				http.Error(w, "Relay service not enabled", http.StatusNotFound)
 			}
 
+		// Embedded IdP (Dex)
+		case idpHandler != nil && strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/oauth2"):
+			idpHandler.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+
 		// Management HTTP API (default)
 		default:
 			httpHandler.ServeHTTP(w, r)
diff --git a/combined/cmd/server.go b/combined/cmd/server.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f9384dfb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/combined/cmd/server.go
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	mgmtServer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server"
+)
+
+var newServer = func(cfg *mgmtServer.Config) mgmtServer.Server {
+	return mgmtServer.NewServer(cfg)
+}
+
+func SetNewServer(fn func(*mgmtServer.Config) mgmtServer.Server) {
+	newServer = fn
+}
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 7c1a95e79..caf9cb689 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ module github.com/netbirdio/netbird
 go 1.25.5
 
 require (
-	cunicu.li/go-rosenpass v0.4.0
+	cunicu.li/go-rosenpass v0.5.42
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0
 	github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.3.3 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ require (
 	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.50.0
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.43.0
-	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20230704135630-469159ecf7d1
-	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6
+	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20231211153847-12269c276173
+	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20241231184526-a9ab2273dd10
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.5.3
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.80.0
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3 v1.87.3
 	github.com/c-robinson/iplib v1.0.3
 	github.com/caddyserver/certmagic v0.21.3
-	github.com/cilium/ebpf v0.15.0
+	github.com/cilium/ebpf v0.19.0
 	github.com/coder/websocket v1.8.14
 	github.com/coreos/go-iptables v0.7.0
 	github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.18.0
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0
 	github.com/google/gopacket v1.1.19
 	github.com/google/nftables v0.3.0
-	github.com/gopacket/gopacket v1.1.1
+	github.com/gopacket/gopacket v1.4.0
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware/v2 v2.0.2-0.20240212192251-757544f21357
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/base62 v0.1.2
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ replace github.com/kardianos/service => github.com/netbirdio/service v0.0.0-2024
 
 replace github.com/getlantern/systray => github.com/netbirdio/systray v0.0.0-20231030152038-ef1ed2a27949
 
-replace golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard => github.com/netbirdio/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20260107100953-33b7c9d03db0
+replace golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard => github.com/netbirdio/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20260523085312-4b4a4e36017f
 
 replace github.com/cloudflare/circl => codeberg.org/cunicu/circl v0.0.0-20230801113412-fec58fc7b5f6
 
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 53789f49d..7f0081425 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.9.0 h1:pDUj4QMoPejqq20dK0Pg2N4yG9zIkYGdB
 cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.9.0/go.mod h1:E0bWwX5wTnLPedCKqk3pJmVgCBSM6qQI1yTBdEb3C10=
 codeberg.org/cunicu/circl v0.0.0-20230801113412-fec58fc7b5f6 h1:b8xUw3004wk+3ipBhu0VU4RtUJsegMIiqjxSK4++lzA=
 codeberg.org/cunicu/circl v0.0.0-20230801113412-fec58fc7b5f6/go.mod h1:+CauBF6R70Jqcyl8N2hC8pAXYbWkGIezuSbuGLtRhnw=
-cunicu.li/go-rosenpass v0.4.0 h1:LtPtBgFWY/9emfgC4glKLEqS0MJTylzV6+ChRhiZERw=
-cunicu.li/go-rosenpass v0.4.0/go.mod h1:MPbjH9nxV4l3vEagKVdFNwHOketqgS5/To1VYJplf/M=
+cunicu.li/go-rosenpass v0.5.42 h1:fRDsGwCxd7DhDgZI1Pxeo8GtNyq8BESZJ7w2/BGGJtU=
+cunicu.li/go-rosenpass v0.5.42/go.mod h1:YRBeyKOe/gWpSX2kpDUec5p9t0XOLsshTguId5gTGVg=
 dario.cat/mergo v1.0.1 h1:Ra4+bf83h2ztPIQYNP99R6m+Y7KfnARDfID+a+vLl4s=
 dario.cat/mergo v1.0.1/go.mod h1:uNxQE+84aUszobStD9th8a29P2fMDhsBdgRYvZOxGmk=
 filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.1 h1:YpjwWWlNmGIDyXOn8zLzqiD+9TyIlPhGFG96P39uBpw=
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3 h1:ZN+IMa753KfX5hd8vVaMixjnqRZ3y8CuJKRKj1x
 github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3/go.mod h1:rkhZdG3JZukswDf7f0cwqPNk4K0sa+F97BxZthm/crw=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
-github.com/cilium/ebpf v0.15.0 h1:7NxJhNiBT3NG8pZJ3c+yfrVdHY8ScgKD27sScgjLMMk=
-github.com/cilium/ebpf v0.15.0/go.mod h1:DHp1WyrLeiBh19Cf/tfiSMhqheEiK8fXFZ4No0P1Hso=
+github.com/cilium/ebpf v0.19.0 h1:Ro/rE64RmFBeA9FGjcTc+KmCeY6jXmryu6FfnzPRIao=
+github.com/cilium/ebpf v0.19.0/go.mod h1:fLCgMo3l8tZmAdM3B2XqdFzXBpwkcSTroaVqN08OWVY=
 github.com/coder/websocket v1.8.14 h1:9L0p0iKiNOibykf283eHkKUHHrpG7f65OE3BhhO7v9g=
 github.com/coder/websocket v1.8.14/go.mod h1:NX3SzP+inril6yawo5CQXx8+fk145lPDC6pumgx0mVg=
 github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 h1:TCJt7ioM2cr/tfR8GPbGf9/VRAX8D2B4PjzCpfX540I=
@@ -225,8 +225,8 @@ github.com/go-openapi/validate v0.24.0 h1:LdfDKwNbpB6Vn40xhTdNZAnfLECL81w+VX3Bum
 github.com/go-openapi/validate v0.24.0/go.mod h1:iyeX1sEufmv3nPbBdX3ieNviWnOZaJ1+zquzJEf2BAQ=
 github.com/go-playground/locales v0.12.1/go.mod h1:IUMDtCfWo/w/mtMfIE/IG2K+Ey3ygWanZIBtBW0W2TM=
 github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.16.0/go.mod h1:1AnU7NaIRDWWzGEKwgtJRd2xk99HeFyHw3yid4rvQIY=
-github.com/go-quicktest/qt v1.101.0 h1:O1K29Txy5P2OK0dGo59b7b0LR6wKfIhttaAhHUyn7eI=
-github.com/go-quicktest/qt v1.101.0/go.mod h1:14Bz/f7NwaXPtdYEgzsx46kqSxVwTbzVZsDC26tQJow=
+github.com/go-quicktest/qt v1.101.1-0.20240301121107-c6c8733fa1e6 h1:teYtXy9B7y5lHTp8V9KPxpYRAVA7dozigQcMiBust1s=
+github.com/go-quicktest/qt v1.101.1-0.20240301121107-c6c8733fa1e6/go.mod h1:p4lGIVX+8Wa6ZPNDvqcxq36XpUDLh42FLetFU7odllI=
 github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.7.0/go.mod h1:OXbVy3sEdcQ2Doequ6Z5BW6fXNQTmx+9S1MCJN5yJMI=
 github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.9.3 h1:U/N249h2WzJ3Ukj8SowVFjdtZKfu9vlLZxjPXV1aweo=
 github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.9.3/go.mod h1:qn46aNg1333BRMNU69Lq93t8du/dwxI64Gl8i5p1WMU=
@@ -307,8 +307,8 @@ github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.14 h1:yh8ncqsbUY4shRD5dA
 github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.14/go.mod h1:vqVt9yG9480NtzREnTlmGSBmFrA+bzb0yl0TxoBQXOg=
 github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.21.0 h1:h45NjjzEO3faG9Lg/cFrBh2PgegVVgzqKzuZl/wMbiI=
 github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.21.0/go.mod h1:But/NJU6TnZsrLai/xBAQLLz+Hc7fHZJt/hsCz3Fih4=
-github.com/gopacket/gopacket v1.1.1 h1:zbx9F9d6A7sWNkFKrvMBZTfGgxFoY4NgUudFVVHMfcw=
-github.com/gopacket/gopacket v1.1.1/go.mod h1:HavMeONEl7W9036of9LbSWoonqhH7HA1+ZRO+rMIvFs=
+github.com/gopacket/gopacket v1.4.0 h1:cr1OlFpzksCkZHNO0eLjaSSOrMQnpPXg0j6qHIY3y2U=
+github.com/gopacket/gopacket v1.4.0/go.mod h1:EpvsxINeehp5qj4YMKMLf2/dekdhKn2IIAO/ZOifS7o=
 github.com/gorilla/handlers v1.5.2 h1:cLTUSsNkgcwhgRqvCNmdbRWG0A3N4F+M2nWKdScwyEE=
 github.com/gorilla/handlers v1.5.2/go.mod h1:dX+xVpaxdSw+q0Qek8SSsl3dfMk3jNddUkMzo0GtH0w=
 github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1 h1:TuBL49tXwgrFYWhqrNgrUNEY92u81SPhu7sTdzQEiWY=
@@ -390,6 +390,8 @@ github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.5.0 h1:Hyh9A8u51kptdkR+cqRpT1EebBwTn1oK9YfGYbd
 github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.5.0/go.mod h1:3mZlmanh0g2NDKO5TWZVJAfofYk64M7XN3SzBPjZF60=
 github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 h1:vlS4z54oSdjm0bgjRigI+G1HpF+tI+9rE5LLzOg8HmY=
 github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0/go.mod h1:5DoeVV0s6jJacbCEi61lwdGj/aVlrQvzHFFd8Hwg//Y=
+github.com/jsimonetti/rtnetlink/v2 v2.0.1 h1:xda7qaHDSVOsADNouv7ukSuicKZO7GgVUCXxpaIEIlM=
+github.com/jsimonetti/rtnetlink/v2 v2.0.1/go.mod h1:7MoNYNbb3UaDHtF8udiJo/RH6VsTKP1pqKLUTVCvToE=
 github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.7/go.mod h1:KdQUCv79m/52Kvf8AW2vK1V8akMuk1QjK/uOdHXbAo4=
 github.com/jsummers/gobmp v0.0.0-20230614200233-a9de23ed2e25 h1:YLvr1eE6cdCqjOe972w/cYF+FjW34v27+9Vo5106B4M=
 github.com/jsummers/gobmp v0.0.0-20230614200233-a9de23ed2e25/go.mod h1:kLgvv7o6UM+0QSf0QjAse3wReFDsb9qbZJdfexWlrQw=
@@ -499,8 +501,8 @@ github.com/netbirdio/service v0.0.0-20240911161631-f62744f42502 h1:3tHlFmhTdX9ax
 github.com/netbirdio/service v0.0.0-20240911161631-f62744f42502/go.mod h1:CIMRFEJVL+0DS1a3Nx06NaMn4Dz63Ng6O7dl0qH0zVM=
 github.com/netbirdio/signal-dispatcher/dispatcher v0.0.0-20250805121659-6b4ac470ca45 h1:ujgviVYmx243Ksy7NdSwrdGPSRNE3pb8kEDSpH0QuAQ=
 github.com/netbirdio/signal-dispatcher/dispatcher v0.0.0-20250805121659-6b4ac470ca45/go.mod h1:5/sjFmLb8O96B5737VCqhHyGRzNFIaN/Bu7ZodXc3qQ=
-github.com/netbirdio/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20260107100953-33b7c9d03db0 h1:h/QnNzm7xzHPm+gajcblYUOclrW2FeNeDlUNj6tTWKQ=
-github.com/netbirdio/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20260107100953-33b7c9d03db0/go.mod h1:rpwXGsirqLqN2L0JDJQlwOboGHmptD5ZD6T2VmcqhTw=
+github.com/netbirdio/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20260523085312-4b4a4e36017f h1:ff2D57RBjWtyQ2wVwJOxOgXAXOe/J2lJWtSX0Bz/BRk=
+github.com/netbirdio/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20260523085312-4b4a4e36017f/go.mod h1:rpwXGsirqLqN2L0JDJQlwOboGHmptD5ZD6T2VmcqhTw=
 github.com/nfnt/resize v0.0.0-20180221191011-83c6a9932646 h1:zYyBkD/k9seD2A7fsi6Oo2LfFZAehjjQMERAvZLEDnQ=
 github.com/nfnt/resize v0.0.0-20180221191011-83c6a9932646/go.mod h1:jpp1/29i3P1S/RLdc7JQKbRpFeM1dOBd8T9ki5s+AY8=
 github.com/nicksnyder/go-i18n/v2 v2.5.1 h1:IxtPxYsR9Gp60cGXjfuR/llTqV8aYMsC472zD0D1vHk=
@@ -900,8 +902,8 @@ golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8T
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 h1:B82qJJgjvYKsXS9jeunTOisW56dUokqW/FOteYJJ/yg=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2/go.mod h1:deeaetjYA+DHMHg+sMSMI58GrEteJUUzzw7en6TJQcI=
-golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6 h1:CawjfCvYQH2OU3/TnxLx97WDSUDRABfT18pCOYwc2GE=
-golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6/go.mod h1:3rxYc4HtVcSG9gVaTs2GEBdehh+sYPOwKtyUWEOTb80=
+golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20241231184526-a9ab2273dd10 h1:3GDAcqdIg1ozBNLgPy4SLT84nfcBjr6rhGtXYtrkWLU=
+golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20241231184526-a9ab2273dd10/go.mod h1:T97yPqesLiNrOYxkwmhMI0ZIlJDm+p0PMR8eRVeR5tQ=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.5.3 h1:On6j2Rpn3OEMXqBq00QEDC7bWSZrPIHKIus8eIuExIE=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.5.3/go.mod h1:9TEe8TJmtwyQebdFwAkEWOPr3prrtqm+REGFifP60hI=
 gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.17.0 h1:VbpOemQlsSMrYmn7T2OUvQ4dqxQXU+ouZFQsZOx50z4=
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/controller.go b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/controller.go
index 590773dda..2b81cd6e5 100644
--- a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/controller.go
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/controller.go
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
 )
 
 type Controller struct {
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ func (c *Controller) CountStreams() int {
 	return c.peersUpdateManager.CountStreams()
 }
 
-func (c *Controller) sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) error {
+func (c *Controller) sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, reason types.UpdateReason) error {
 	log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("updating peers for account %s from %s", accountID, util.GetCallerName())
 	account, err := c.requestBuffer.GetAccountWithBackpressure(ctx, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -175,6 +176,10 @@ func (c *Controller) sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID strin
 			continue
 		}
 
+		if c.accountManagerMetrics != nil {
+			c.accountManagerMetrics.CountNmapTriggered(string(reason.Resource), string(reason.Operation))
+		}
+
 		wg.Add(1)
 		semaphore <- struct{}{}
 		go func(p *nbpeer.Peer) {
@@ -242,14 +247,14 @@ func (c *Controller) bufferSendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID
 
 	go func() {
 		defer b.mu.Unlock()
-		_ = c.sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+		_ = c.sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, reason)
 		if !b.update.Load() {
 			return
 		}
 		b.update.Store(false)
 		if b.next == nil {
 			b.next = time.AfterFunc(time.Duration(c.updateAccountPeersBufferInterval.Load()), func() {
-				_ = c.sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+				_ = c.sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, reason)
 			})
 			return
 		}
@@ -265,7 +270,7 @@ func (c *Controller) UpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, r
 	if c.accountManagerMetrics != nil {
 		c.accountManagerMetrics.CountUpdateAccountPeersTriggered(string(reason.Resource), string(reason.Operation))
 	}
-	return c.sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+	return c.sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, reason)
 }
 
 func (c *Controller) UpdateAccountPeer(ctx context.Context, accountId string, peerId string) error {
@@ -359,14 +364,14 @@ func (c *Controller) BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID str
 
 	go func() {
 		defer b.mu.Unlock()
-		_ = c.sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+		_ = c.sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, reason)
 		if !b.update.Load() {
 			return
 		}
 		b.update.Store(false)
 		if b.next == nil {
 			b.next = time.AfterFunc(time.Duration(c.updateAccountPeersBufferInterval.Load()), func() {
-				_ = c.sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+				_ = c.sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, reason)
 			})
 			return
 		}
@@ -510,7 +515,7 @@ func computeForwarderPort(peers []*nbpeer.Peer, requiredVersion string) int64 {
 	for _, peer := range peers {
 
 		// Development version is always supported
-		if peer.Meta.WtVersion == "development" {
+		if version.IsDevelopmentVersion(peer.Meta.WtVersion) {
 			continue
 		}
 		peerVersion := semver.Canonical("v" + peer.Meta.WtVersion)
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel/updatechannel.go b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel/updatechannel.go
index 5f7db5300..91627bf15 100644
--- a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel/updatechannel.go
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel/updatechannel.go
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func (p *PeersUpdateManager) SendUpdate(ctx context.Context, peerID string, upda
 		found = true
 		select {
 		case channel <- update:
-			log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("update was sent to channel for peer %s", peerID)
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("update was sent to channel for peer %s", peerID)
 		default:
 			dropped = true
 			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("channel for peer %s is %d full or closed", peerID, len(channel))
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/peers/manager.go b/management/internals/modules/peers/manager.go
index c913efb92..8f3253063 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/peers/manager.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/peers/manager.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package peers
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/rs/xid"
@@ -35,6 +36,14 @@ type Manager interface {
 	SetAccountManager(accountManager account.Manager)
 	GetPeerID(ctx context.Context, peerKey string) (string, error)
 	CreateProxyPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerKey string, cluster string) error
+	// GetPeerByTunnelIP looks up a peer in accountID by its WireGuard tunnel IP.
+	// Returns nil with an error when no match exists. No permission check;
+	// callers (the proxy's ValidateTunnelPeer RPC) are trusted server components.
+	GetPeerByTunnelIP(ctx context.Context, accountID string, ip net.IP) (*peer.Peer, error)
+	// GetPeerWithGroups returns the peer and the list of *types.Group it belongs
+	// to. Used by the proxy's auth path to authorise a request by the calling
+	// peer's group memberships.
+	GetPeerWithGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string) (*peer.Peer, []*types.Group, error)
 }
 
 type managerImpl struct {
@@ -66,7 +75,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) SetAccountManager(accountManager account.Manager) {
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) GetPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, peerID string) (*peer.Peer, error) {
-	allowed, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Peers, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Peers, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to validate user permissions: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -79,7 +88,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, peerID str
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) GetAllPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*peer.Peer, error) {
-	allowed, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Peers, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Peers, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to validate user permissions: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -99,6 +108,26 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetPeersByGroupIDs(ctx context.Context, accountID string,
 	return m.store.GetPeersByGroupIDs(ctx, accountID, groupsIDs)
 }
 
+// GetPeerByTunnelIP delegates to the store's indexed lookup.
+func (m *managerImpl) GetPeerByTunnelIP(ctx context.Context, accountID string, ip net.IP) (*peer.Peer, error) {
+	return m.store.GetPeerByIP(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, ip)
+}
+
+// GetPeerWithGroups returns the peer plus its group memberships. Any store
+// error returns (nil, nil, err) so callers never receive a valid peer
+// alongside a non-nil error.
+func (m *managerImpl) GetPeerWithGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string) (*peer.Peer, []*types.Group, error) {
+	p, err := m.store.GetPeerByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, peerID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	groups, err := m.store.GetPeerGroups(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, peerID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return p, groups, nil
+}
+
 func (m *managerImpl) DeletePeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string, userID string, checkConnected bool) error {
 	settings, err := m.store.GetAccountSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/peers/manager_mock.go b/management/internals/modules/peers/manager_mock.go
index d6c9ebacc..3836ac909 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/peers/manager_mock.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/peers/manager_mock.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package peers
 
 import (
 	context "context"
+	net "net"
 	reflect "reflect"
 
 	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	account "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
 	integrated_validator "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator"
 	peer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	types "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 )
 
 // MockManager is a mock of Manager interface.
@@ -38,6 +40,20 @@ func (m *MockManager) EXPECT() *MockManagerMockRecorder {
 	return m.recorder
 }
 
+// CreateProxyPeer mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) CreateProxyPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerKey, cluster string) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CreateProxyPeer", ctx, accountID, peerKey, cluster)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// CreateProxyPeer indicates an expected call of CreateProxyPeer.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateProxyPeer(ctx, accountID, peerKey, cluster interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateProxyPeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).CreateProxyPeer), ctx, accountID, peerKey, cluster)
+}
+
 // DeletePeers mocks base method.
 func (m *MockManager) DeletePeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string, userID string, checkConnected bool) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -97,6 +113,21 @@ func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeerAccountID(ctx, peerID interface{}) *go
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerAccountID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetPeerAccountID), ctx, peerID)
 }
 
+// GetPeerByTunnelIP mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) GetPeerByTunnelIP(ctx context.Context, accountID string, ip net.IP) (*peer.Peer, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetPeerByTunnelIP", ctx, accountID, ip)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*peer.Peer)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetPeerByTunnelIP indicates an expected call of GetPeerByTunnelIP.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeerByTunnelIP(ctx, accountID, ip interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerByTunnelIP", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetPeerByTunnelIP), ctx, accountID, ip)
+}
+
 // GetPeerID mocks base method.
 func (m *MockManager) GetPeerID(ctx context.Context, peerKey string) (string, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -112,6 +143,22 @@ func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeerID(ctx, peerKey interface{}) *gomock.C
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetPeerID), ctx, peerKey)
 }
 
+// GetPeerWithGroups mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) GetPeerWithGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string) (*peer.Peer, []*types.Group, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetPeerWithGroups", ctx, accountID, peerID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*peer.Peer)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].([]*types.Group)
+	ret2, _ := ret[2].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1, ret2
+}
+
+// GetPeerWithGroups indicates an expected call of GetPeerWithGroups.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeerWithGroups(ctx, accountID, peerID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerWithGroups", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetPeerWithGroups), ctx, accountID, peerID)
+}
+
 // GetPeersByGroupIDs mocks base method.
 func (m *MockManager) GetPeersByGroupIDs(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groupsIDs []string) ([]*peer.Peer, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -162,17 +209,3 @@ func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SetNetworkMapController(networkMapController
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SetNetworkMapController", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SetNetworkMapController), networkMapController)
 }
-
-// CreateProxyPeer mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) CreateProxyPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerKey string, cluster string) error {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CreateProxyPeer", ctx, accountID, peerKey, cluster)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
-	return ret0
-}
-
-// CreateProxyPeer indicates an expected call of CreateProxyPeer.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateProxyPeer(ctx, accountID, peerKey, cluster interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateProxyPeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).CreateProxyPeer), ctx, accountID, peerKey, cluster)
-}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs/manager/manager.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs/manager/manager.go
index 59d7704eb..ced2ec4d1 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs/manager/manager.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs/manager/manager.go
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) SaveAccessLog(ctx context.Context, logEntry *accesslogs.Ac
 
 // GetAllAccessLogs retrieves access logs for an account with pagination and filtering
 func (m *managerImpl) GetAllAccessLogs(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, filter *accesslogs.AccessLogFilter) ([]*accesslogs.AccessLogEntry, int64, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/domain.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/domain.go
index f65e31a07..08d7ad19b 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/domain.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/domain.go
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ type Domain struct {
 	// SupportsCrowdSec is populated at query time from proxy cluster capabilities.
 	// Not persisted.
 	SupportsCrowdSec *bool `gorm:"-"`
+	// SupportsPrivate is populated at query time from proxy cluster capabilities. Not persisted.
+	SupportsPrivate *bool `gorm:"-"`
 }
 
 // EventMeta returns activity event metadata for a domain
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/api.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/api.go
index 4493ef0ad..f01329010 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/api.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/api.go
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ func domainToApi(d *domain.Domain) api.ReverseProxyDomain {
 		SupportsCustomPorts: d.SupportsCustomPorts,
 		RequireSubdomain:    d.RequireSubdomain,
 		SupportsCrowdsec:    d.SupportsCrowdSec,
+		SupportsPrivate:     d.SupportsPrivate,
 	}
 	if d.TargetCluster != "" {
 		resp.TargetCluster = &d.TargetCluster
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/manager.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/manager.go
index 2790b5f20..3c0f0d73b 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/manager.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/manager.go
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ type proxyManager interface {
 	ClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	ClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
+	ClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 }
 
 type Manager struct {
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ func NewManager(store store, proxyMgr proxyManager, permissionsManager permissio
 }
 
 func (m Manager) GetDomains(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*domain.Domain, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -93,6 +94,7 @@ func (m Manager) GetDomains(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*d
 		d.SupportsCustomPorts = m.proxyManager.ClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx, cluster)
 		d.RequireSubdomain = m.proxyManager.ClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx, cluster)
 		d.SupportsCrowdSec = m.proxyManager.ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx, cluster)
+		d.SupportsPrivate = m.proxyManager.ClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx, cluster)
 		ret = append(ret, d)
 	}
 
@@ -109,6 +111,7 @@ func (m Manager) GetDomains(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*d
 		if d.TargetCluster != "" {
 			cd.SupportsCustomPorts = m.proxyManager.ClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx, d.TargetCluster)
 			cd.SupportsCrowdSec = m.proxyManager.ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx, d.TargetCluster)
+			cd.SupportsPrivate = m.proxyManager.ClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx, d.TargetCluster)
 		}
 		// Custom domains never require a subdomain by default since
 		// the account owns them and should be able to use the bare domain.
@@ -119,7 +122,7 @@ func (m Manager) GetDomains(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*d
 }
 
 func (m Manager) CreateDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, domainName, targetCluster string) (*domain.Domain, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Create)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Create)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -160,7 +163,7 @@ func (m Manager) CreateDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, domainName
 }
 
 func (m Manager) DeleteDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, domainID string) error {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Delete)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -184,7 +187,7 @@ func (m Manager) DeleteDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, domainID s
 }
 
 func (m Manager) ValidateDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, domainID string) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Create)
+	ok, _, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Create)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
 			"accountID": accountID,
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/manager_test.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/manager_test.go
index 5e7bbfc36..53a8dedae 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/manager_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/manager_test.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 type mockProxyManager struct {
-	getActiveClusterAddressesFunc          func(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error)
+	getActiveClusterAddressesFunc           func(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error)
 	getActiveClusterAddressesForAccountFunc func(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]string, error)
 }
 
@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ func (m *mockProxyManager) ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(_ context.Context, _ string)
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (m *mockProxyManager) ClusterSupportsPrivate(_ context.Context, _ string) *bool {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func TestGetClusterAllowList_BYOPMergedWithPublic(t *testing.T) {
 	pm := &mockProxyManager{
 		getActiveClusterAddressesForAccountFunc: func(_ context.Context, accID string) ([]string, error) {
@@ -151,4 +155,3 @@ func TestGetClusterAllowList_PublicEmpty_BYOPOnly(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, []string{"byop.example.com"}, result)
 }
-
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager.go
index 07ea6f0ab..22f1007ec 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ type Manager interface {
 	ClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	ClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
+	ClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	CleanupStale(ctx context.Context, inactivityDuration time.Duration) error
 	GetAccountProxy(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*Proxy, error)
 	CountAccountProxies(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (int64, error)
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/manager.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/manager.go
index 510500e0c..943766004 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/manager.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/manager.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ type store interface {
 	GetClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	GetClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
+	GetClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	CleanupStaleProxies(ctx context.Context, inactivityDuration time.Duration) error
 	GetProxyByAccountID(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*proxy.Proxy, error)
 	CountProxiesByAccountID(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (int64, error)
@@ -137,6 +138,11 @@ func (m Manager) ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string
 	return m.store.GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx, clusterAddr)
 }
 
+// ClusterSupportsPrivate reports whether any active proxy claims the private capability (nil = unreported).
+func (m Manager) ClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool {
+	return m.store.GetClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx, clusterAddr)
+}
+
 // CleanupStale removes proxies that haven't sent heartbeat in the specified duration
 func (m *Manager) CleanupStale(ctx context.Context, inactivityDuration time.Duration) error {
 	if err := m.store.CleanupStaleProxies(ctx, inactivityDuration); err != nil {
@@ -178,4 +184,3 @@ func (m *Manager) DeleteAccountCluster(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, acco
 	}
 	return nil
 }
-
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/manager_test.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/manager_test.go
index 3436216b4..5c44470a3 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/manager_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/manager_test.go
@@ -15,16 +15,16 @@ import (
 )
 
 type mockStore struct {
-	saveProxyFunc                              func(ctx context.Context, p *proxy.Proxy) error
-	disconnectProxyFunc                        func(ctx context.Context, proxyID, sessionID string) error
-	updateProxyHeartbeatFunc                   func(ctx context.Context, p *proxy.Proxy) error
-	getActiveProxyClusterAddressesFunc         func(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error)
-	getActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccFunc   func(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]string, error)
-	cleanupStaleProxiesFunc                    func(ctx context.Context, d time.Duration) error
-	getProxyByAccountIDFunc                    func(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*proxy.Proxy, error)
-	countProxiesByAccountIDFunc                func(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (int64, error)
-	isClusterAddressConflictingFunc            func(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) (bool, error)
-	deleteAccountClusterFunc                   func(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) error
+	saveProxyFunc                            func(ctx context.Context, p *proxy.Proxy) error
+	disconnectProxyFunc                      func(ctx context.Context, proxyID, sessionID string) error
+	updateProxyHeartbeatFunc                 func(ctx context.Context, p *proxy.Proxy) error
+	getActiveProxyClusterAddressesFunc       func(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error)
+	getActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccFunc func(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]string, error)
+	cleanupStaleProxiesFunc                  func(ctx context.Context, d time.Duration) error
+	getProxyByAccountIDFunc                  func(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*proxy.Proxy, error)
+	countProxiesByAccountIDFunc              func(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (int64, error)
+	isClusterAddressConflictingFunc          func(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) (bool, error)
+	deleteAccountClusterFunc                 func(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) error
 }
 
 func (m *mockStore) SaveProxy(ctx context.Context, p *proxy.Proxy) error {
@@ -99,6 +99,9 @@ func (m *mockStore) GetClusterRequireSubdomain(_ context.Context, _ string) *boo
 func (m *mockStore) GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec(_ context.Context, _ string) *bool {
 	return nil
 }
+func (m *mockStore) GetClusterSupportsPrivate(_ context.Context, _ string) *bool {
+	return nil
+}
 
 func newTestManager(s store) *Manager {
 	meter := noop.NewMeterProvider().Meter("test")
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager_mock.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager_mock.go
index a0e360a1b..d2be46c9f 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager_mock.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager_mock.go
@@ -92,6 +92,20 @@ func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx, clusterAddr inte
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ClusterSupportsCrowdSec", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ClusterSupportsCrowdSec), ctx, clusterAddr)
 }
 
+// ClusterSupportsPrivate mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) ClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "ClusterSupportsPrivate", ctx, clusterAddr)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*bool)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// ClusterSupportsPrivate indicates an expected call of ClusterSupportsPrivate.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx, clusterAddr interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ClusterSupportsPrivate", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ClusterSupportsPrivate), ctx, clusterAddr)
+}
+
 // Connect mocks base method.
 func (m *MockManager) Connect(ctx context.Context, proxyID, sessionID, clusterAddress, ipAddress string, accountID *string, capabilities *Capabilities) (*Proxy, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/proxy.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/proxy.go
index 9da7910df..4404b0d24 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/proxy.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/proxy.go
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ type Capabilities struct {
 	RequireSubdomain *bool
 	// SupportsCrowdsec indicates whether this proxy has CrowdSec configured.
 	SupportsCrowdsec *bool
+	// Private indicates whether this proxy supports inbound access via Wireguard
+	// tunnel and netbird-only authentication policies
+	Private *bool
 }
 
 // Proxy represents a reverse proxy instance
@@ -67,10 +70,9 @@ type Cluster struct {
 	Type             ClusterType
 	Online           bool
 	ConnectedProxies int
-	// Capability flags. *bool because nil means "no proxy reported a
-	// capability for this cluster" — the dashboard renders these as
-	// unknown rather than false.
+	// *bool: nil = no proxy reported the capability; the dashboard renders that as unknown.
 	SupportsCustomPorts *bool
 	RequireSubdomain    *bool
 	SupportsCrowdSec    *bool
+	Private             *bool
 }
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxytoken/handler.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxytoken/handler.go
index 728cdf723..ed098a6dd 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxytoken/handler.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxytoken/handler.go
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func (h *handler) createToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	ok, err := h.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, modules.Services, operations.Create)
+	ok, ctx, err := h.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, modules.Services, operations.Create)
 	if err != nil {
 		util.WriteErrorResponse("failed to validate permissions", http.StatusInternalServerError, w)
 		return
@@ -76,13 +76,13 @@ func (h *handler) createToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := h.store.SaveProxyAccessToken(r.Context(), &generated.ProxyAccessToken); err != nil {
+	if err := h.store.SaveProxyAccessToken(ctx, &generated.ProxyAccessToken); err != nil {
 		util.WriteErrorResponse("failed to save token", http.StatusInternalServerError, w)
 		return
 	}
 
 	resp := toProxyTokenCreatedResponse(generated)
-	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, resp)
+	util.WriteJSONObject(ctx, w, resp)
 }
 
 func (h *handler) listTokens(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ func (h *handler) listTokens(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	ok, err := h.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, modules.Services, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := h.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, modules.Services, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		util.WriteErrorResponse("failed to validate permissions", http.StatusInternalServerError, w)
 		return
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func (h *handler) listTokens(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	tokens, err := h.store.GetProxyAccessTokensByAccountID(r.Context(), store.LockingStrengthNone, userAuth.AccountId)
+	tokens, err := h.store.GetProxyAccessTokensByAccountID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, userAuth.AccountId)
 	if err != nil {
 		util.WriteErrorResponse("failed to list tokens", http.StatusInternalServerError, w)
 		return
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ func (h *handler) listTokens(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		resp = append(resp, toProxyTokenResponse(token))
 	}
 
-	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, resp)
+	util.WriteJSONObject(ctx, w, resp)
 }
 
 func (h *handler) revokeToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ func (h *handler) revokeToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	ok, err := h.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, modules.Services, operations.Delete)
+	ok, ctx, err := h.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, modules.Services, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		util.WriteErrorResponse("failed to validate permissions", http.StatusInternalServerError, w)
 		return
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ func (h *handler) revokeToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	token, err := h.store.GetProxyAccessTokenByID(r.Context(), store.LockingStrengthNone, tokenID)
+	token, err := h.store.GetProxyAccessTokenByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, tokenID)
 	if err != nil {
 		if s, ok := status.FromError(err); ok && s.ErrorType == status.NotFound {
 			util.WriteErrorResponse("token not found", http.StatusNotFound, w)
@@ -154,12 +154,12 @@ func (h *handler) revokeToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := h.store.RevokeProxyAccessToken(r.Context(), tokenID); err != nil {
+	if err := h.store.RevokeProxyAccessToken(ctx, tokenID); err != nil {
 		util.WriteErrorResponse("failed to revoke token", http.StatusInternalServerError, w)
 		return
 	}
 
-	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, util.EmptyObject{})
+	util.WriteJSONObject(ctx, w, util.EmptyObject{})
 }
 
 func toProxyTokenResponse(token *types.ProxyAccessToken) api.ProxyToken {
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxytoken/handler_test.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxytoken/handler_test.go
index a28752909..a5b5713c6 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxytoken/handler_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxytoken/handler_test.go
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func TestCreateToken_AccountScoped(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 
 	permsMgr := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
-	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), accountID, "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Create).Return(true, nil)
+	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), accountID, "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Create).Return(true, context.Background(), nil)
 
 	h := &handler{
 		store:              mockStore,
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ func TestCreateToken_WithExpiration(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 
 	permsMgr := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
-	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), "acc-123", "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Create).Return(true, nil)
+	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), "acc-123", "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Create).Return(true, context.Background(), nil)
 
 	h := &handler{
 		store:              mockStore,
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ func TestCreateToken_EmptyName(t *testing.T) {
 	defer ctrl.Finish()
 
 	permsMgr := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
-	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), "acc-123", "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Create).Return(true, nil)
+	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), "acc-123", "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Create).Return(true, context.Background(), nil)
 
 	h := &handler{
 		permissionsManager: permsMgr,
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ func TestCreateToken_PermissionDenied(t *testing.T) {
 	defer ctrl.Finish()
 
 	permsMgr := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
-	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), "acc-123", "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Create).Return(false, nil)
+	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), "acc-123", "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Create).Return(false, context.Background(), nil)
 
 	h := &handler{
 		permissionsManager: permsMgr,
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ func TestListTokens(t *testing.T) {
 	}, nil)
 
 	permsMgr := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
-	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), accountID, "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Read).Return(true, nil)
+	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), accountID, "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Read).Return(true, context.Background(), nil)
 
 	h := &handler{
 		store:              mockStore,
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ func TestRevokeToken_Success(t *testing.T) {
 	mockStore.EXPECT().RevokeProxyAccessToken(gomock.Any(), "tok-1").Return(nil)
 
 	permsMgr := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
-	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), accountID, "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Delete).Return(true, nil)
+	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), accountID, "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Delete).Return(true, context.Background(), nil)
 
 	h := &handler{
 		store:              mockStore,
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ func TestRevokeToken_WrongAccount(t *testing.T) {
 	}, nil)
 
 	permsMgr := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
-	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), "acc-123", "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Delete).Return(true, nil)
+	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), "acc-123", "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Delete).Return(true, context.Background(), nil)
 
 	h := &handler{
 		store:              mockStore,
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ func TestRevokeToken_ManagementWideToken(t *testing.T) {
 	}, nil)
 
 	permsMgr := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
-	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), "acc-123", "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Delete).Return(true, nil)
+	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), "acc-123", "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Delete).Return(true, context.Background(), nil)
 
 	h := &handler{
 		store:              mockStore,
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/api.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/api.go
index 9d93d52ee..7298b4261 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/api.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/api.go
@@ -204,6 +204,7 @@ func (h *handler) getClusters(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			SupportsCustomPorts: c.SupportsCustomPorts,
 			RequireSubdomain:    c.RequireSubdomain,
 			SupportsCrowdsec:    c.SupportsCrowdSec,
+			Private:             c.Private,
 		})
 	}
 
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/manager.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/manager.go
index ca0c5540f..c8ab4f955 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/manager.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/manager.go
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ type CapabilityProvider interface {
 	ClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	ClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
+	ClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 }
 
 type Manager struct {
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ func (m *Manager) StartExposeReaper(ctx context.Context) {
 // capability flags reported by its active proxies so the dashboard can
 // render feature support without a second round-trip.
 func (m *Manager) GetClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -136,6 +137,7 @@ func (m *Manager) GetClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]
 		clusters[i].SupportsCustomPorts = m.capabilities.ClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx, clusters[i].Address)
 		clusters[i].RequireSubdomain = m.capabilities.ClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx, clusters[i].Address)
 		clusters[i].SupportsCrowdSec = m.capabilities.ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx, clusters[i].Address)
+		clusters[i].Private = m.capabilities.ClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx, clusters[i].Address)
 	}
 
 	return clusters, nil
@@ -144,7 +146,7 @@ func (m *Manager) GetClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]
 // DeleteAccountCluster removes all proxy registrations for the given cluster address
 // owned by the account.
 func (m *Manager) DeleteAccountCluster(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, clusterAddress string) error {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Delete)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -156,7 +158,7 @@ func (m *Manager) DeleteAccountCluster(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, c
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) GetAllServices(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*service.Service, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -208,6 +210,9 @@ func (m *Manager) replaceHostByLookup(ctx context.Context, accountID string, s *
 			target.Host = resource.Domain
 		case service.TargetTypeSubnet:
 			// For subnets we do not do any lookups on the resource
+		case service.TargetTypeCluster:
+			// Cluster targets carry the upstream address on target_id; the
+			// proxy resolves the destination at request time.
 		default:
 			return fmt.Errorf("unknown target type: %s", target.TargetType)
 		}
@@ -217,7 +222,7 @@ func (m *Manager) replaceHostByLookup(ctx context.Context, accountID string, s *
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) GetService(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, serviceID string) (*service.Service, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -238,7 +243,7 @@ func (m *Manager) GetService(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, serviceID s
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) CreateService(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, s *service.Service) (*service.Service, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Create)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Create)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -523,7 +528,7 @@ func (m *Manager) checkDomainAvailable(ctx context.Context, transaction store.St
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) UpdateService(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, service *service.Service) (*service.Service, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Update)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Update)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -779,6 +784,10 @@ func validateTargetReferences(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, acco
 			if err := validateResourceTarget(ctx, transaction, accountID, target); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
+		case service.TargetTypeCluster:
+			if err := validateClusterTarget(target); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 		default:
 			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "unknown target type %q for target %q", target.TargetType, target.TargetId)
 		}
@@ -786,6 +795,13 @@ func validateTargetReferences(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, acco
 	return nil
 }
 
+func validateClusterTarget(target *service.Target) error {
+	if !target.Options.DirectUpstream {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "cluster target %s has direct upstream disabled", target.Host)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func validatePeerTarget(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, target *service.Target) error {
 	if _, err := transaction.GetPeerByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthShare, accountID, target.TargetId); err != nil {
 		if sErr, ok := status.FromError(err); ok && sErr.Type() == status.NotFound {
@@ -820,7 +836,7 @@ func validateResourceTargetType(target *service.Target, resource *resourcetypes.
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) DeleteService(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, serviceID string) error {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Delete)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -860,7 +876,7 @@ func (m *Manager) DeleteService(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, serviceI
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) DeleteAllServices(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) error {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Delete)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -962,12 +978,14 @@ func (m *Manager) ReloadAllServicesForAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID str
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get services: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	oidcCfg := m.proxyController.GetOIDCValidationConfig()
+
 	for _, s := range services {
 		err = m.replaceHostByLookup(ctx, accountID, s)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to replace host by lookup for service %s: %w", s.ID, err)
 		}
-		m.proxyController.SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx, accountID, s.ToProtoMapping(service.Update, "", m.proxyController.GetOIDCValidationConfig()), s.ProxyCluster)
+		m.proxyController.SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx, accountID, s.ToProtoMapping(service.Update, "", oidcCfg), s.ProxyCluster)
 	}
 
 	return nil
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/manager_test.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/manager_test.go
index 47b8b3865..0497415b7 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/manager_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/manager_test.go
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ func TestDeleteService_DeletesTargets(t *testing.T) {
 
 	mockPerms.EXPECT().
 		ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Services, operations.Delete).
-		Return(true, nil)
+		Return(true, ctx, nil)
 	mockAcct.EXPECT().
 		StoreEvent(ctx, userID, service.ID, accountID, activity.ServiceDeleted, gomock.Any())
 	mockAcct.EXPECT().
@@ -1344,3 +1344,66 @@ func TestValidateSubdomainRequirement(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestValidateTargetReferences_ClusterTargetSkipsLookup(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+	accountID := "test-account"
+
+	// No peer or resource lookups must be issued for cluster targets.
+	targets := []*rpservice.Target{
+		{
+			TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+			TargetType: rpservice.TargetTypeCluster,
+			Options:    rpservice.TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true},
+		},
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, validateTargetReferences(ctx, mockStore, accountID, targets), "cluster target must validate without store lookups")
+}
+
+// TestValidateTargetReferences_ClusterTargetRequiresDirectUpstream pins the
+// store-side check that cluster targets must opt into the host-stack dial
+// path. Without DirectUpstream the proxy would route this target through
+// the embedded NetBird client and fail on every request.
+func TestValidateTargetReferences_ClusterTargetRequiresDirectUpstream(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+	accountID := "test-account"
+
+	targets := []*rpservice.Target{
+		{
+			TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+			TargetType: rpservice.TargetTypeCluster,
+			Host:       "backend.lan",
+		},
+	}
+	err := validateTargetReferences(ctx, mockStore, accountID, targets)
+	require.Error(t, err, "cluster target without direct_upstream must be rejected")
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "direct upstream disabled")
+}
+
+func TestReplaceHostByLookup_SkipsClusterTarget(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+	accountID := "test-account"
+
+	mgr := &Manager{store: mockStore}
+
+	svc := &rpservice.Service{
+		ID:        "svc-1",
+		AccountID: accountID,
+		Targets: []*rpservice.Target{
+			{
+				TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+				TargetType: rpservice.TargetTypeCluster,
+				Host:       "127.0.0.1",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, mgr.replaceHostByLookup(ctx, accountID, svc), "cluster target must not trigger peer/resource lookup")
+	assert.Equal(t, "127.0.0.1", svc.Targets[0].Host, "operator-supplied host must be preserved for cluster target")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/service.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/service.go
index 166a66a5f..ee1e3c8b2 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/service.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/service.go
@@ -45,10 +45,11 @@ const (
 	StatusCertificateFailed  Status = "certificate_failed"
 	StatusError              Status = "error"
 
-	TargetTypePeer   TargetType = "peer"
-	TargetTypeHost   TargetType = "host"
-	TargetTypeDomain TargetType = "domain"
-	TargetTypeSubnet TargetType = "subnet"
+	TargetTypePeer    TargetType = "peer"
+	TargetTypeHost    TargetType = "host"
+	TargetTypeDomain  TargetType = "domain"
+	TargetTypeSubnet  TargetType = "subnet"
+	TargetTypeCluster TargetType = "cluster"
 
 	SourcePermanent = "permanent"
 	SourceEphemeral = "ephemeral"
@@ -60,6 +61,11 @@ type TargetOptions struct {
 	SessionIdleTimeout time.Duration     `json:"session_idle_timeout,omitempty"`
 	PathRewrite        PathRewriteMode   `json:"path_rewrite,omitempty"`
 	CustomHeaders      map[string]string `gorm:"serializer:json" json:"custom_headers,omitempty"`
+	// DirectUpstream bypasses the proxy's embedded NetBird client and dials
+	// the target via the proxy host's network stack. Useful for upstreams
+	// reachable without WireGuard (public APIs, LAN services, localhost
+	// sidecars). Default false.
+	DirectUpstream bool `json:"direct_upstream,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type Target struct {
@@ -67,7 +73,7 @@ type Target struct {
 	AccountID     string        `gorm:"index:idx_target_account;not null" json:"-"`
 	ServiceID     string        `gorm:"index:idx_service_targets;not null" json:"-"`
 	Path          *string       `json:"path,omitempty"`
-	Host          string        `json:"host"` // the Host field is only used for subnet targets, otherwise ignored
+	Host          string        `json:"host"`
 	Port          uint16        `gorm:"index:idx_target_port" json:"port"`
 	Protocol      string        `gorm:"index:idx_target_protocol" json:"protocol"`
 	TargetId      string        `gorm:"index:idx_target_id" json:"target_id"`
@@ -200,6 +206,10 @@ type Service struct {
 	Mode             string `gorm:"default:'http'"`
 	ListenPort       uint16
 	PortAutoAssigned bool
+	// Private marks the service as NetBird-only: auth via ValidateTunnelPeer against AccessGroups instead of SSO. HTTP-only.
+	Private bool
+	// AccessGroups is the group ID allowlist for inbound peers on private services. Mutually exclusive with bearer SSO.
+	AccessGroups []string `json:"access_groups,omitempty" gorm:"serializer:json"`
 }
 
 // InitNewRecord generates a new unique ID and resets metadata for a newly created
@@ -299,6 +309,12 @@ func (s *Service) ToAPIResponse() *api.Service {
 		Mode:               &mode,
 		ListenPort:         &listenPort,
 		PortAutoAssigned:   &s.PortAutoAssigned,
+		Private:            &s.Private,
+	}
+
+	if len(s.AccessGroups) > 0 {
+		groups := append([]string(nil), s.AccessGroups...)
+		resp.AccessGroups = &groups
 	}
 
 	if s.ProxyCluster != "" {
@@ -308,6 +324,7 @@ func (s *Service) ToAPIResponse() *api.Service {
 	return resp
 }
 
+// ToProtoMapping converts the service into the wire format the proxy consumes.
 func (s *Service) ToProtoMapping(operation Operation, authToken string, oidcConfig proxy.OIDCValidationConfig) *proto.ProxyMapping {
 	pathMappings := s.buildPathMappings()
 
@@ -349,6 +366,7 @@ func (s *Service) ToProtoMapping(operation Operation, authToken string, oidcConf
 		RewriteRedirects: s.RewriteRedirects,
 		Mode:             s.Mode,
 		ListenPort:       int32(s.ListenPort), //nolint:gosec
+		Private:          s.Private,
 	}
 
 	if r := restrictionsToProto(s.Restrictions); r != nil {
@@ -455,7 +473,8 @@ func pathRewriteToProto(mode PathRewriteMode) proto.PathRewriteMode {
 }
 
 func targetOptionsToAPI(opts TargetOptions) *api.ServiceTargetOptions {
-	if !opts.SkipTLSVerify && opts.RequestTimeout == 0 && opts.SessionIdleTimeout == 0 && opts.PathRewrite == "" && len(opts.CustomHeaders) == 0 {
+	if !opts.SkipTLSVerify && opts.RequestTimeout == 0 && opts.SessionIdleTimeout == 0 &&
+		opts.PathRewrite == "" && len(opts.CustomHeaders) == 0 && !opts.DirectUpstream {
 		return nil
 	}
 	apiOpts := &api.ServiceTargetOptions{}
@@ -477,17 +496,22 @@ func targetOptionsToAPI(opts TargetOptions) *api.ServiceTargetOptions {
 	if len(opts.CustomHeaders) > 0 {
 		apiOpts.CustomHeaders = &opts.CustomHeaders
 	}
+	if opts.DirectUpstream {
+		apiOpts.DirectUpstream = &opts.DirectUpstream
+	}
 	return apiOpts
 }
 
 func targetOptionsToProto(opts TargetOptions) *proto.PathTargetOptions {
-	if !opts.SkipTLSVerify && opts.PathRewrite == "" && opts.RequestTimeout == 0 && len(opts.CustomHeaders) == 0 {
+	if !opts.SkipTLSVerify && opts.PathRewrite == "" && opts.RequestTimeout == 0 &&
+		len(opts.CustomHeaders) == 0 && !opts.DirectUpstream {
 		return nil
 	}
 	popts := &proto.PathTargetOptions{
-		SkipTlsVerify: opts.SkipTLSVerify,
-		PathRewrite:   pathRewriteToProto(opts.PathRewrite),
-		CustomHeaders: opts.CustomHeaders,
+		SkipTlsVerify:  opts.SkipTLSVerify,
+		PathRewrite:    pathRewriteToProto(opts.PathRewrite),
+		CustomHeaders:  opts.CustomHeaders,
+		DirectUpstream: opts.DirectUpstream,
 	}
 	if opts.RequestTimeout != 0 {
 		popts.RequestTimeout = durationpb.New(opts.RequestTimeout)
@@ -537,6 +561,9 @@ func targetOptionsFromAPI(idx int, o *api.ServiceTargetOptions) (TargetOptions,
 	if o.CustomHeaders != nil {
 		opts.CustomHeaders = *o.CustomHeaders
 	}
+	if o.DirectUpstream != nil {
+		opts.DirectUpstream = *o.DirectUpstream
+	}
 	return opts, nil
 }
 
@@ -551,6 +578,14 @@ func (s *Service) FromAPIRequest(req *api.ServiceRequest, accountID string) erro
 	if req.ListenPort != nil {
 		s.ListenPort = uint16(*req.ListenPort) //nolint:gosec
 	}
+	if req.Private != nil {
+		s.Private = *req.Private
+	}
+	if req.AccessGroups != nil {
+		s.AccessGroups = append([]string(nil), *req.AccessGroups...)
+	} else {
+		s.AccessGroups = nil
+	}
 
 	targets, err := targetsFromAPI(accountID, req.Targets)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -740,6 +775,9 @@ func (s *Service) Validate() error {
 	if err := validateAccessRestrictions(&s.Restrictions); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	if err := s.validatePrivateRequirements(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	switch s.Mode {
 	case ModeHTTP:
@@ -753,6 +791,23 @@ func (s *Service) Validate() error {
 	}
 }
 
+// validatePrivateRequirements enforces the private-service contract: HTTP mode, ≥1 access group, no bearer auth.
+func (s *Service) validatePrivateRequirements() error {
+	if !s.Private {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if s.Mode != "" && s.Mode != ModeHTTP {
+		return fmt.Errorf("private services only support HTTP mode, got %q", s.Mode)
+	}
+	if len(s.AccessGroups) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("private services require at least one access group")
+	}
+	if s.Auth.BearerAuth != nil && s.Auth.BearerAuth.Enabled {
+		return errors.New("private services cannot enable bearer auth (SSO): NetBird-only access and SSO are mutually exclusive")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (s *Service) validateHTTPMode() error {
 	if s.Domain == "" {
 		return errors.New("service domain is required")
@@ -799,11 +854,21 @@ func (s *Service) validateHTTPTargets() error {
 	for i, target := range s.Targets {
 		switch target.TargetType {
 		case TargetTypePeer, TargetTypeHost, TargetTypeDomain:
-			// host field will be ignored
+			// Host is normally overwritten by replaceHostByLookup with the
+			// resolved peer IP / resource address; operator-supplied values
+			// are honored only when DirectUpstream is set. Validate the
+			// override here so misconfigured hosts fail fast at API time.
+			if err := validateDirectUpstreamHost(i, target); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 		case TargetTypeSubnet:
 			if target.Host == "" {
 				return fmt.Errorf("target %d has empty host but target_type is %q", i, target.TargetType)
 			}
+		case TargetTypeCluster:
+			if err := validateClusterTarget(i, target); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 		default:
 			return fmt.Errorf("target %d has invalid target_type %q", i, target.TargetType)
 		}
@@ -821,25 +886,71 @@ func (s *Service) validateHTTPTargets() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// validateClusterTarget cluster targets should not have empty hosts and should have direct upstream enabled.
+func validateClusterTarget(idx int, target *Target) error {
+	host := strings.TrimSpace(target.Host)
+	if host == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("target %d: has empty host", idx)
+	}
+	if !target.Options.DirectUpstream {
+		return fmt.Errorf("target %d: %s has direct upstream disabled", idx, target.Host)
+	}
+	return validateDirectUpstreamHost(idx, target)
+}
+
+// validateDirectUpstreamHost validates the operator-supplied Host on a
+// peer/host/domain target when DirectUpstream is set. Empty Host is
+// allowed — the lookup fills in the default peer IP / resource address.
+// Without DirectUpstream the Host value is silently overwritten by
+// replaceHostByLookup, so we don't validate it (preserves the historical
+// behaviour where APIs accepted any value and dropped it). Non-empty
+// Host with DirectUpstream must look like a hostname or IP and must
+// not carry a port (port lives on Target.Port).
+func validateDirectUpstreamHost(idx int, target *Target) error {
+	if !target.Options.DirectUpstream {
+		return nil
+	}
+	host := strings.TrimSpace(target.Host)
+	if host == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if strings.ContainsAny(host, " \t/") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("target %d: host %q contains invalid characters", idx, host)
+	}
+	if _, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(host); err == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("target %d: host %q must not include a port (set target.port instead)", idx, host)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (s *Service) validateL4Target(target *Target) error {
 	// L4 services have a single target; per-target disable is meaningless
 	// (use the service-level Enabled flag instead). Force it on so that
 	// buildPathMappings always includes the target in the proto.
 	target.Enabled = true
 
-	if target.Port == 0 {
-		return errors.New("target port is required for L4 services")
-	}
 	if target.TargetId == "" {
 		return errors.New("target_id is required for L4 services")
 	}
+	// Cluster targets resolve their upstream host:port from the target's
+	// own Host/Port fields just like the other L4 types — buildPathMappings
+	// emits net.JoinHostPort(target.Host, target.Port) for every L4
+	// target, so allowing port=0 here would let ":0" reach the proxy.
+	if target.Port == 0 {
+		return errors.New("target port is required for L4 services")
+	}
 	switch target.TargetType {
 	case TargetTypePeer, TargetTypeHost, TargetTypeDomain:
-		// OK
+		if err := validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, target); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	case TargetTypeSubnet:
 		if target.Host == "" {
 			return errors.New("target host is required for subnet targets")
 		}
+	case TargetTypeCluster:
+		// target_id carries the cluster address; the proxy resolves
+		// the upstream at request time.
 	default:
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid target_type %q for L4 service", target.TargetType)
 	}
@@ -1174,6 +1285,11 @@ func (s *Service) Copy() *Service {
 		}
 	}
 
+	var accessGroups []string
+	if len(s.AccessGroups) > 0 {
+		accessGroups = append([]string(nil), s.AccessGroups...)
+	}
+
 	return &Service{
 		ID:                s.ID,
 		AccountID:         s.AccountID,
@@ -1195,6 +1311,8 @@ func (s *Service) Copy() *Service {
 		Mode:              s.Mode,
 		ListenPort:        s.ListenPort,
 		PortAutoAssigned:  s.PortAutoAssigned,
+		Private:           s.Private,
+		AccessGroups:      accessGroups,
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/service_test.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/service_test.go
index f1349ff65..a149ac609 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/service_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/service_test.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/hash/argon2id"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 )
 
@@ -1116,3 +1117,201 @@ func TestValidate_HeaderAuths(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "exceeds maximum length")
 	})
 }
+
+func TestValidate_HTTPClusterTarget(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := validProxy()
+	rp.Targets = []*Target{{
+		TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		TargetType: TargetTypeCluster,
+		Protocol:   "http",
+		Host:       "backend.lan",
+		Options:    TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true},
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}}
+	require.NoError(t, rp.Validate(), "HTTP cluster target with target_id, host, and direct_upstream must validate")
+}
+
+func TestValidate_HTTPClusterTarget_RequiresTargetId(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := validProxy()
+	rp.Targets = []*Target{{
+		TargetType: TargetTypeCluster,
+		Protocol:   "http",
+		Host:       "backend.lan",
+		Options:    TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true},
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}}
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, rp.Validate(), "empty target_id", "cluster target must reject empty target_id")
+}
+
+// TestValidate_HTTPClusterTarget_RequiresHost pins the new cluster-target
+// rule that operator-supplied Host is mandatory: cluster targets dial the
+// upstream via the host network stack (direct_upstream is implied), so an
+// empty Host leaves the proxy with nothing to dial.
+func TestValidate_HTTPClusterTarget_RequiresHost(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := validProxy()
+	rp.Targets = []*Target{{
+		TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		TargetType: TargetTypeCluster,
+		Protocol:   "http",
+		Options:    TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true},
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}}
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, rp.Validate(), "empty host", "cluster target must reject empty host")
+}
+
+// TestValidate_HTTPClusterTarget_RequiresDirectUpstream pins the second
+// half of the cluster-target rule: DirectUpstream must be true so the
+// stdlib transport branch in MultiTransport is taken. Without it the
+// embedded NetBird client would try to dial the cluster address through
+// the WG tunnel, which is the wrong network for a cluster upstream.
+func TestValidate_HTTPClusterTarget_RequiresDirectUpstream(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := validProxy()
+	rp.Targets = []*Target{{
+		TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		TargetType: TargetTypeCluster,
+		Protocol:   "http",
+		Host:       "backend.lan",
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}}
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, rp.Validate(), "direct upstream disabled", "cluster target must reject direct_upstream=false")
+}
+
+// TestValidate_L4ClusterTarget_RequiresPort confirms that an L4 cluster
+// target without an explicit port is rejected. buildPathMappings emits
+// net.JoinHostPort(target.Host, target.Port) for every L4 target — so
+// allowing port=0 would let the proxy ship ":0" upstreams. The port
+// requirement is the same as every other L4 target type.
+func TestValidate_L4ClusterTarget_RequiresPort(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := validProxy()
+	rp.Mode = ModeTCP
+	rp.ListenPort = 9000
+	rp.Targets = []*Target{{
+		TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		TargetType: TargetTypeCluster,
+		Protocol:   "tcp",
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}}
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, rp.Validate(), "port is required",
+		"L4 cluster target must require an explicit port like other L4 target types")
+
+	rp.Targets[0].Port = 5432
+	rp.Targets[0].Host = "db.lan"
+	require.NoError(t, rp.Validate(), "L4 cluster target with host:port must validate")
+}
+
+func TestService_Copy_RoundtripsPrivate(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := validProxy()
+	svc.Private = true
+	svc.AccessGroups = []string{"grp-admins", "grp-ops"}
+	cp := svc.Copy()
+	require.NotNil(t, cp)
+	assert.True(t, cp.Private)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-admins", "grp-ops"}, cp.AccessGroups)
+
+	cp.Private = false
+	assert.True(t, svc.Private)
+
+	cp.AccessGroups[0] = "grp-other"
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-admins", "grp-ops"}, svc.AccessGroups)
+}
+
+func TestService_APIRoundtrip_Private(t *testing.T) {
+	enabled := true
+	private := true
+	accessGroups := []string{"grp-admins"}
+	targets := []api.ServiceTarget{{
+		TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		TargetType: api.ServiceTargetTargetType("cluster"),
+		Protocol:   "http",
+		Port:       80,
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}}
+	req := &api.ServiceRequest{
+		Name:         "svc-private",
+		Domain:       "myapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		Enabled:      enabled,
+		Private:      &private,
+		AccessGroups: &accessGroups,
+		Targets:      &targets,
+	}
+
+	svc := &Service{}
+	require.NoError(t, svc.FromAPIRequest(req, "acc-1"))
+	assert.True(t, svc.Private)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-admins"}, svc.AccessGroups)
+
+	resp := svc.ToAPIResponse()
+	require.NotNil(t, resp.Private)
+	assert.True(t, *resp.Private)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp.AccessGroups)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-admins"}, *resp.AccessGroups)
+}
+
+func TestValidate_Private_RequiresAccessGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := validProxy()
+	rp.Private = true
+	rp.Targets = []*Target{{
+		TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		TargetType: TargetTypeCluster,
+		Protocol:   "http",
+		Host:       "backend.lan",
+		Options:    TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true},
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}}
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, rp.Validate(), "access group")
+}
+
+func TestValidate_Private_RejectsBearerAuth(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := validProxy()
+	rp.Private = true
+	rp.AccessGroups = []string{"grp-admins"}
+	rp.Auth.BearerAuth = &BearerAuthConfig{
+		Enabled:            true,
+		DistributionGroups: []string{"grp-sso"},
+	}
+	rp.Targets = []*Target{{
+		TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		TargetType: TargetTypeCluster,
+		Protocol:   "http",
+		Host:       "backend.lan",
+		Options:    TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true},
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}}
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, rp.Validate(), "mutually exclusive")
+}
+
+func TestValidate_Private_AcceptsNonClusterTargets(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := validProxy()
+	rp.Private = true
+	rp.AccessGroups = []string{"grp-admins"}
+	require.NoError(t, rp.Validate())
+}
+
+func TestValidate_Private_AcceptsClusterTargetWithAccessGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := validProxy()
+	rp.Private = true
+	rp.AccessGroups = []string{"grp-admins"}
+	rp.Targets = []*Target{{
+		TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		TargetType: TargetTypeCluster,
+		Protocol:   "http",
+		Host:       "backend.lan",
+		Options:    TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true},
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}}
+	require.NoError(t, rp.Validate())
+}
+
+func TestValidate_Private_RejectsNonHTTPMode(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := validProxy()
+	rp.Private = true
+	rp.AccessGroups = []string{"grp-admins"}
+	rp.Mode = ModeTCP
+	rp.Targets = []*Target{{
+		TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		TargetType: TargetTypeCluster,
+		Protocol:   "tcp",
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}}
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, rp.Validate(), "HTTP")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/sessionkey/sessionkey.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/sessionkey/sessionkey.go
index aacbe5dca..1fb6a323d 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/sessionkey/sessionkey.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/sessionkey/sessionkey.go
@@ -20,6 +20,20 @@ type KeyPair struct {
 type Claims struct {
 	jwt.RegisteredClaims
 	Method auth.Method `json:"method"`
+	// Email is the calling user's email address. Carried so the
+	// proxy can stamp identity on upstream requests (e.g.
+	// x-litellm-end-user-id) without an extra management
+	// round-trip on every cookie-bearing request.
+	Email string `json:"email,omitempty"`
+	// Groups carries the user's group IDs so the proxy can stamp them
+	// onto upstream requests (X-NetBird-Groups) from the cookie path
+	// without an extra management round-trip.
+	Groups []string `json:"groups,omitempty"`
+	// GroupNames carries the human-readable display names for the ids
+	// in Groups, ordered identically (positional pairing). Slice may be
+	// shorter than Groups for tokens minted before names were
+	// resolvable; the consumer falls back to ids for missing positions.
+	GroupNames []string `json:"group_names,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func GenerateKeyPair() (*KeyPair, error) {
@@ -34,7 +48,13 @@ func GenerateKeyPair() (*KeyPair, error) {
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func SignToken(privKeyB64, userID, domain string, method auth.Method, expiration time.Duration) (string, error) {
+// SignToken mints a session JWT for the given user and domain. email,
+// groups, and groupNames, when non-empty, are embedded so the proxy can
+// authorise and stamp identity for policy-aware middlewares without a
+// management round-trip on every cookie-bearing request. groupNames
+// pairs positionally with groups; pass nil when names couldn't be
+// resolved.
+func SignToken(privKeyB64, userID, email, domain string, method auth.Method, groups, groupNames []string, expiration time.Duration) (string, error) {
 	privKeyBytes, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(privKeyB64)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("decode private key: %w", err)
@@ -56,7 +76,10 @@ func SignToken(privKeyB64, userID, domain string, method auth.Method, expiration
 			IssuedAt:  jwt.NewNumericDate(now),
 			NotBefore: jwt.NewNumericDate(now),
 		},
-		Method: method,
+		Method:     method,
+		Email:      email,
+		Groups:     append([]string(nil), groups...),
+		GroupNames: append([]string(nil), groupNames...),
 	}
 
 	token := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodEdDSA, claims)
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/zones/manager/manager.go b/management/internals/modules/zones/manager/manager.go
index 439671e65..d5348d3d0 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/zones/manager/manager.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/zones/manager/manager.go
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func NewManager(store store.Store, accountManager account.Manager, permissionsMa
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) GetAllZones(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*zones.Zone, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetAllZones(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string)
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) GetZone(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, zoneID string) (*zones.Zone, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetZone(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, zoneID str
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) CreateZone(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, zone *zones.Zone) (*zones.Zone, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Create)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Create)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) CreateZone(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string,
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) UpdateZone(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, updatedZone *zones.Zone) (*zones.Zone, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Update)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Update)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) UpdateZone(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string,
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) DeleteZone(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, zoneID string) error {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Delete)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/zones/manager/manager_test.go b/management/internals/modules/zones/manager/manager_test.go
index b45ec7874..29e7e8677 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/zones/manager/manager_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/zones/manager/manager_test.go
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_GetAllZones(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Read).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.GetAllZones(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_GetAllZones(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Read).
-			Return(false, nil)
+			Return(false, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.GetAllZones(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_GetAllZones(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Read).
-			Return(false, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "permission check failed"))
+			Return(false, ctx, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "permission check failed"))
 
 		result, err := manager.GetAllZones(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_GetZone(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Read).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.GetZone(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, zone.ID)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_GetZone(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Read).
-			Return(false, nil)
+			Return(false, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.GetZone(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, testZoneID)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_CreateZone(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Create).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		mockAccountManager.StoreEventFunc = func(ctx context.Context, initiatorID, targetID, accountID string, activityID activity.ActivityDescriber, meta map[string]any) {
 			assert.Equal(t, testUserID, initiatorID)
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_CreateZone(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Create).
-			Return(false, nil)
+			Return(false, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.CreateZone(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, inputZone)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_CreateZone(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Create).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.CreateZone(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, inputZone)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_CreateZone(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Create).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.CreateZone(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, inputZone)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_CreateZone(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Create).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.CreateZone(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, inputZone)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_CreateZone(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Create).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.CreateZone(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, inputZone)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_UpdateZone(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Update).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		storeEventCalled := false
 		mockAccountManager.StoreEventFunc = func(ctx context.Context, initiatorID, targetID, accountID string, activityID activity.ActivityDescriber, meta map[string]any) {
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_UpdateZone(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Update).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.UpdateZone(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, updatedZone)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_UpdateZone(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Update).
-			Return(false, nil)
+			Return(false, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.UpdateZone(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, updatedZone)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_UpdateZone(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Update).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.UpdateZone(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, updatedZone)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_DeleteZone(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Delete).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		storeEventCallCount := 0
 		mockAccountManager.StoreEventFunc = func(ctx context.Context, initiatorID, targetID, accountID string, activityID activity.ActivityDescriber, meta map[string]any) {
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_DeleteZone(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Delete).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		storeEventCalled := false
 		mockAccountManager.StoreEventFunc = func(ctx context.Context, initiatorID, targetID, accountID string, activityID activity.ActivityDescriber, meta map[string]any) {
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_DeleteZone(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Delete).
-			Return(false, nil)
+			Return(false, ctx, nil)
 
 		err := manager.DeleteZone(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, testZoneID)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_DeleteZone(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Delete).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		err := manager.DeleteZone(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, "non-existent-zone")
 		require.Error(t, err)
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/zones/records/manager/manager.go b/management/internals/modules/zones/records/manager/manager.go
index 7458b41db..b041aca30 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/zones/records/manager/manager.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/zones/records/manager/manager.go
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func NewManager(store store.Store, accountManager account.Manager, permissionsMa
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) GetAllRecords(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, zoneID string) ([]*records.Record, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetAllRecords(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, zone
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) GetRecord(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, zoneID, recordID string) (*records.Record, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetRecord(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, zoneID,
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) CreateRecord(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, zoneID string, record *records.Record) (*records.Record, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Create)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Create)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) CreateRecord(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, zoneI
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) UpdateRecord(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, zoneID string, updatedRecord *records.Record) (*records.Record, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Update)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Update)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) UpdateRecord(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, zoneI
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) DeleteRecord(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, zoneID, recordID string) error {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Delete)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/zones/records/manager/manager_test.go b/management/internals/modules/zones/records/manager/manager_test.go
index 0a962e0f4..a5f48c4a9 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/zones/records/manager/manager_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/zones/records/manager/manager_test.go
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_GetAllRecords(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Read).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.GetAllRecords(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, zone.ID)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_GetAllRecords(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Read).
-			Return(false, nil)
+			Return(false, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.GetAllRecords(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, zone.ID)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_GetAllRecords(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Read).
-			Return(false, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "permission check failed"))
+			Return(false, ctx, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "permission check failed"))
 
 		result, err := manager.GetAllRecords(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, zone.ID)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_GetRecord(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Read).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.GetRecord(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, zone.ID, record.ID)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_GetRecord(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Read).
-			Return(false, nil)
+			Return(false, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.GetRecord(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, zone.ID, testRecordID)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_CreateRecord(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Create).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		mockAccountManager.StoreEventFunc = func(ctx context.Context, initiatorID, targetID, accountID string, activityID activity.ActivityDescriber, meta map[string]any) {
 			assert.Equal(t, testUserID, initiatorID)
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_CreateRecord(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Create).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		mockAccountManager.StoreEventFunc = func(ctx context.Context, initiatorID, targetID, accountID string, activityID activity.ActivityDescriber, meta map[string]any) {
 			assert.Equal(t, testUserID, initiatorID)
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_CreateRecord(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Create).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		mockAccountManager.StoreEventFunc = func(ctx context.Context, initiatorID, targetID, accountID string, activityID activity.ActivityDescriber, meta map[string]any) {
 			assert.Equal(t, testUserID, initiatorID)
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_CreateRecord(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Create).
-			Return(false, nil)
+			Return(false, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.CreateRecord(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, zone.ID, inputRecord)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_CreateRecord(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Create).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.CreateRecord(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, zone.ID, inputRecord)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_CreateRecord(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Create).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.CreateRecord(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, zone.ID, inputRecord)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_CreateRecord(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Create).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.CreateRecord(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, zone.ID, inputRecord)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_UpdateRecord(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Update).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		storeEventCalled := false
 		mockAccountManager.StoreEventFunc = func(ctx context.Context, initiatorID, targetID, accountID string, activityID activity.ActivityDescriber, meta map[string]any) {
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_UpdateRecord(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Update).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		mockAccountManager.StoreEventFunc = func(ctx context.Context, initiatorID, targetID, accountID string, activityID activity.ActivityDescriber, meta map[string]any) {
 			// Event should be stored
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_UpdateRecord(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Update).
-			Return(false, nil)
+			Return(false, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.UpdateRecord(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, zone.ID, updatedRecord)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_UpdateRecord(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Update).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.UpdateRecord(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, zone.ID, updatedRecord)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_UpdateRecord(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Update).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		result, err := manager.UpdateRecord(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, zone.ID, updatedRecord)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_DeleteRecord(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Delete).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		storeEventCalled := false
 		mockAccountManager.StoreEventFunc = func(ctx context.Context, initiatorID, targetID, accountID string, activityID activity.ActivityDescriber, meta map[string]any) {
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_DeleteRecord(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Delete).
-			Return(false, nil)
+			Return(false, ctx, nil)
 
 		err := manager.DeleteRecord(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, zone.ID, testRecordID)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ func TestManagerImpl_DeleteRecord(t *testing.T) {
 
 		mockPermissionsManager.EXPECT().
 			ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, modules.Dns, operations.Delete).
-			Return(true, nil)
+			Return(true, ctx, nil)
 
 		err := manager.DeleteRecord(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, zone.ID, "non-existent-record")
 		require.Error(t, err)
diff --git a/management/internals/server/boot.go b/management/internals/server/boot.go
index 7c655f020..46e475143 100644
--- a/management/internals/server/boot.go
+++ b/management/internals/server/boot.go
@@ -10,8 +10,10 @@ import (
 	"slices"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 	grpcMiddleware "github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware/v2"
 	"github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware/v2/interceptors/realip"
+	"github.com/rs/cors"
 	"github.com/rs/xid"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
@@ -19,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
 
 	cachestore "github.com/eko/gocache/lib/v4/store"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/encryption"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/formatter/hook"
@@ -27,16 +28,20 @@ import (
 	accesslogsmanager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs/manager"
 	nbgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	activitystore "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity/store"
 	nbcache "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
 	nbContext "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/context"
 	nbhttp "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/http"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/http/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
 	mgmtProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/crypt"
 )
 
+const apiPrefix = "/api"
+
 var (
 	kaep = keepalive.EnforcementPolicy{
 		MinTime:             15 * time.Second,
@@ -94,12 +99,17 @@ func (s *BaseServer) Store() store.Store {
 
 func (s *BaseServer) EventStore() activity.Store {
 	return Create(s, func() activity.Store {
-		integrationMetrics, err := integrations.InitIntegrationMetrics(context.Background(), s.Metrics())
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("failed to initialize integration metrics: %v", err)
+		var err error
+		key := s.Config.DataStoreEncryptionKey
+		if key == "" {
+			log.Debugf("generate new activity store encryption key")
+			key, err = crypt.GenerateKey()
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Fatalf("failed to generate event store encryption key: %v", err)
+			}
 		}
 
-		eventStore, _, err := integrations.InitEventStore(context.Background(), s.Config.Datadir, s.Config.DataStoreEncryptionKey, integrationMetrics)
+		eventStore, err := activitystore.NewSqlStore(context.Background(), s.Config.Datadir, key)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Fatalf("failed to initialize event store: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -110,7 +120,7 @@ func (s *BaseServer) EventStore() activity.Store {
 
 func (s *BaseServer) APIHandler() http.Handler {
 	return Create(s, func() http.Handler {
-		httpAPIHandler, err := nbhttp.NewAPIHandler(context.Background(), s.AccountManager(), s.NetworksManager(), s.ResourcesManager(), s.RoutesManager(), s.GroupsManager(), s.GeoLocationManager(), s.AuthManager(), s.Metrics(), s.IntegratedValidator(), s.ProxyController(), s.PermissionsManager(), s.PeersManager(), s.SettingsManager(), s.ZonesManager(), s.RecordsManager(), s.NetworkMapController(), s.IdpManager(), s.ServiceManager(), s.ReverseProxyDomainManager(), s.AccessLogsManager(), s.ReverseProxyGRPCServer(), s.Config.ReverseProxy.TrustedHTTPProxies, s.RateLimiter())
+		httpAPIHandler, err := nbhttp.NewAPIHandler(context.Background(), s.Router(), s.AccountManager(), s.NetworksManager(), s.ResourcesManager(), s.RoutesManager(), s.GroupsManager(), s.GeoLocationManager(), s.AuthManager(), s.Metrics(), s.PermissionsManager(), s.SettingsManager(), s.ZonesManager(), s.RecordsManager(), s.NetworkMapController(), s.IdpManager(), s.ServiceManager(), s.ReverseProxyDomainManager(), s.AccessLogsManager(), s.ReverseProxyGRPCServer(), s.Config.ReverseProxy.TrustedHTTPProxies, s.RateLimiter(), s.IsValidChildAccount)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Fatalf("failed to create API handler: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -118,6 +128,22 @@ func (s *BaseServer) APIHandler() http.Handler {
 	})
 }
 
+// IDPHandler returns the HTTP handler for the embedded IdP (Dex), or nil if
+// the deployment isn't using the embedded variant.
+func (s *BaseServer) IDPHandler() http.Handler {
+	embeddedIdP, ok := s.IdpManager().(*idp.EmbeddedIdPManager)
+	if !ok || embeddedIdP == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return cors.AllowAll().Handler(embeddedIdP.Handler())
+}
+
+func (s *BaseServer) Router() *mux.Router {
+	return Create(s, func() *mux.Router {
+		return mux.NewRouter().PathPrefix(apiPrefix).Subrouter()
+	})
+}
+
 func (s *BaseServer) RateLimiter() *middleware.APIRateLimiter {
 	return Create(s, func() *middleware.APIRateLimiter {
 		cfg, enabled := middleware.RateLimiterConfigFromEnv()
diff --git a/management/internals/server/controllers.go b/management/internals/server/controllers.go
index 794c3ebe0..1b2556809 100644
--- a/management/internals/server/controllers.go
+++ b/management/internals/server/controllers.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/port_forwarding"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/job"
 	nbjwt "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth/jwt"
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ func (s *BaseServer) JobManager() *job.Manager {
 
 func (s *BaseServer) IntegratedValidator() integrated_validator.IntegratedValidator {
 	return Create(s, func() integrated_validator.IntegratedValidator {
-		integratedPeerValidator, err := integrations.NewIntegratedValidator(
+		integratedPeerValidator, err := validator.NewIntegratedValidator(
 			context.Background(),
 			s.PeersManager(),
 			s.SettingsManager(),
diff --git a/management/internals/server/modules.go b/management/internals/server/modules.go
index ea94245d5..a70da855a 100644
--- a/management/internals/server/modules.go
+++ b/management/internals/server/modules.go
@@ -57,13 +57,7 @@ func (s *BaseServer) GeoLocationManager() geolocation.Geolocation {
 
 func (s *BaseServer) PermissionsManager() permissions.Manager {
 	return Create(s, func() permissions.Manager {
-		manager := integrations.InitPermissionsManager(s.Store(), s.Metrics().GetMeter())
-
-		s.AfterInit(func(s *BaseServer) {
-			manager.SetAccountManager(s.AccountManager())
-		})
-
-		return manager
+		return permissions.NewManager(s.Store())
 	})
 }
 
@@ -153,7 +147,6 @@ func (s *BaseServer) IdpManager() idp.Manager {
 			return idpManager
 		}
 
-
 		return nil
 	})
 }
@@ -235,3 +228,7 @@ func (s *BaseServer) ReverseProxyDomainManager() *manager.Manager {
 		return &m
 	})
 }
+
+func (s *BaseServer) IsValidChildAccount(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) bool {
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/server/server.go b/management/internals/server/server.go
index 9b8716da1..43ee2126d 100644
--- a/management/internals/server/server.go
+++ b/management/internals/server/server.go
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ const (
 	ManagementLegacyPort = 33073
 	// DefaultSelfHostedDomain is the default domain used for self-hosted fresh installs.
 	DefaultSelfHostedDomain = "netbird.selfhosted"
+
+	ContainerKeyBaseServer = "baseServer"
 )
 
 type Server interface {
@@ -91,7 +93,7 @@ type Config struct {
 
 // NewServer initializes and configures a new Server instance
 func NewServer(cfg *Config) *BaseServer {
-	return &BaseServer{
+	s := &BaseServer{
 		Config:                      cfg.NbConfig,
 		container:                   make(map[string]any),
 		dnsDomain:                   cfg.DNSDomain,
@@ -104,6 +106,9 @@ func NewServer(cfg *Config) *BaseServer {
 		mgmtMetricsPort:             cfg.MgmtMetricsPort,
 		autoResolveDomains:          cfg.AutoResolveDomains,
 	}
+	s.container[ContainerKeyBaseServer] = s
+
+	return s
 }
 
 func (s *BaseServer) AfterInit(fn func(s *BaseServer)) {
@@ -188,7 +193,7 @@ func (s *BaseServer) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 		log.WithContext(srvCtx).Infof("running gRPC backward compatibility server: %s", compatListener.Addr().String())
 	}
 
-	rootHandler := s.handlerFunc(srvCtx, s.GRPCServer(), s.APIHandler(), s.Metrics().GetMeter())
+	rootHandler := s.handlerFunc(srvCtx, s.GRPCServer(), s.APIHandler(), s.IDPHandler(), s.Metrics().GetMeter())
 	switch {
 	case s.certManager != nil:
 		// a call to certManager.Listener() always creates a new listener so we do it once
@@ -299,7 +304,7 @@ func (s *BaseServer) SetHandlerFunc(handler http.Handler) {
 	log.Tracef("custom handler set successfully")
 }
 
-func (s *BaseServer) handlerFunc(_ context.Context, gRPCHandler *grpc.Server, httpHandler http.Handler, meter metric.Meter) http.Handler {
+func (s *BaseServer) handlerFunc(_ context.Context, gRPCHandler *grpc.Server, httpHandler http.Handler, idpHandler http.Handler, meter metric.Meter) http.Handler {
 	// Check if a custom handler was set (for multiplexing additional services)
 	if customHandler, ok := s.GetContainer("customHandler"); ok {
 		if handler, ok := customHandler.(http.Handler); ok {
@@ -318,6 +323,8 @@ func (s *BaseServer) handlerFunc(_ context.Context, gRPCHandler *grpc.Server, ht
 			gRPCHandler.ServeHTTP(writer, request)
 		case request.URL.Path == wsproxy.ProxyPath+wsproxy.ManagementComponent:
 			wsProxy.Handler().ServeHTTP(writer, request)
+		case idpHandler != nil && strings.HasPrefix(request.URL.Path, "/oauth2"):
+			idpHandler.ServeHTTP(writer, request)
 		default:
 			httpHandler.ServeHTTP(writer, request)
 		}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/conversion.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/conversion.go
index 12402b420..b4a0d8b28 100644
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/conversion.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/conversion.go
@@ -6,9 +6,11 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"net/url"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	goproto "google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
 
 	integrationsConfig "github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations/config"
 
@@ -185,9 +187,38 @@ func ToSyncResponse(ctx context.Context, config *nbconfig.Config, httpConfig *nb
 		response.NetworkMap.SshAuth = &proto.SSHAuth{AuthorizedUsers: hashedUsers, MachineUsers: machineUsers, UserIDClaim: userIDClaim}
 	}
 
+	// settings == nil → field stays nil → "no info in this snapshot", client
+	// preserves the deadline it already had. settings non-nil → emit either a
+	// valid deadline or the explicit-zero "disabled" sentinel via
+	// encodeSessionExpiresAt.
+	if settings != nil {
+		response.SessionExpiresAt = encodeSessionExpiresAt(
+			peer.SessionExpiresAt(settings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled, settings.PeerLoginExpiration),
+		)
+	}
+
 	return response
 }
 
+// encodeSessionExpiresAt encodes a server-side deadline into the 3-state wire
+// representation used on LoginResponse, SyncResponse and
+// ExtendAuthSessionResponse. See the proto comments on those messages.
+//
+//   - deadline.IsZero() → returns &Timestamp{} (seconds=0, nanos=0): the
+//     "expiry disabled or peer is not SSO-tracked" sentinel; the client clears
+//     its anchor.
+//   - deadline non-zero → returns timestamppb.New(deadline): the new absolute
+//     UTC deadline.
+//
+// Returning nil ("no info, preserve client's anchor") is the caller's job —
+// only meaningful on Sync builds where settings were not resolved.
+func encodeSessionExpiresAt(deadline time.Time) *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if deadline.IsZero() {
+		return &timestamppb.Timestamp{}
+	}
+	return timestamppb.New(deadline)
+}
+
 func buildAuthorizedUsersProto(ctx context.Context, authorizedUsers map[string]map[string]struct{}) ([][]byte, map[string]*proto.MachineUserIndexes) {
 	userIDToIndex := make(map[string]uint32)
 	var hashedUsers [][]byte
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/conversion_test.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/conversion_test.go
index 1e75caf95..5efb24319 100644
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/conversion_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/conversion_test.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 
@@ -200,3 +201,29 @@ func TestBuildJWTConfig_Audiences(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+// TestEncodeSessionExpiresAt pins the wire encoding the client's
+// applySessionDeadline depends on:
+//
+//   - zero deadline  → &Timestamp{} (seconds=0, nanos=0): the explicit
+//     "expiry disabled or peer is not SSO-tracked" sentinel.
+//   - non-zero       → timestamppb.New(deadline): the absolute UTC deadline.
+//
+// The third state (nil pointer = "no info in this snapshot") is the caller's
+// responsibility on the Sync path when settings could not be resolved; the
+// helper itself never returns nil.
+func TestEncodeSessionExpiresAt(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("zero deadline encodes as explicit-zero sentinel", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got := encodeSessionExpiresAt(time.Time{})
+		assert.NotNil(t, got, "must not return nil; nil means 'no info', not 'disabled'")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(0), got.GetSeconds())
+		assert.Equal(t, int32(0), got.GetNanos())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-zero deadline round-trips", func(t *testing.T) {
+		deadline := time.Date(2030, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC)
+		got := encodeSessionExpiresAt(deadline)
+		assert.NotNil(t, got)
+		assert.True(t, got.AsTime().Equal(deadline))
+	})
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy.go
index 4abeb8e7c..e7155ae09 100644
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy.go
@@ -351,6 +351,7 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) registerProxyConnection(ctx context.Context, params
 			SupportsCustomPorts: c.SupportsCustomPorts,
 			RequireSubdomain:    c.RequireSubdomain,
 			SupportsCrowdsec:    c.SupportsCrowdsec,
+			Private:             c.Private,
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -754,6 +755,11 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) SendServiceUpdate(update *proto.GetMappingUpdateRes
 				InitialSyncComplete: update.InitialSyncComplete,
 			}
 		}
+		// Drop mappings the proxy lacks capability for (e.g. private without SupportsPrivateService).
+		connUpdate = filterMappingsForProxy(conn, connUpdate)
+		if connUpdate == nil || len(connUpdate.Mapping) == 0 {
+			return true
+		}
 		resp := s.perProxyMessage(connUpdate, conn.proxyID)
 		if resp == nil {
 			log.Warnf("Token generation failed for proxy %s, disconnecting to force resync", conn.proxyID)
@@ -882,16 +888,20 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx context.Context, upd
 	}
 }
 
-// proxyAcceptsMapping returns whether the proxy should receive this mapping.
-// Old proxies that never reported capabilities are skipped for non-TLS L4
-// mappings with a custom listen port, since they don't understand the
-// protocol. Proxies that report capabilities (even SupportsCustomPorts=false)
-// are new enough to handle the mapping. TLS uses SNI routing and works on
-// any proxy. Delete operations are always sent so proxies can clean up.
+// proxyAcceptsMapping returns whether the proxy can receive this mapping.
+// Private mappings require SupportsPrivateService; custom-port L4 mappings
+// require SupportsCustomPorts. Remove operations always pass so proxies can
+// clean up.
 func proxyAcceptsMapping(conn *proxyConnection, mapping *proto.ProxyMapping) bool {
 	if mapping.Type == proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_REMOVED {
 		return true
 	}
+	if mapping.GetPrivate() {
+		caps := conn.capabilities
+		if caps == nil || caps.SupportsPrivateService == nil || !*caps.SupportsPrivateService {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
 	if mapping.ListenPort == 0 || mapping.Mode == "tls" {
 		return true
 	}
@@ -900,6 +910,29 @@ func proxyAcceptsMapping(conn *proxyConnection, mapping *proto.ProxyMapping) boo
 	return conn.capabilities != nil && conn.capabilities.SupportsCustomPorts != nil
 }
 
+// filterMappingsForProxy drops mappings the proxy cannot safely receive
+// (e.g. private mappings to a proxy without SupportsPrivateService).
+// Returns the input unchanged when no filtering is needed.
+func filterMappingsForProxy(conn *proxyConnection, update *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse) *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse {
+	if update == nil || len(update.Mapping) == 0 {
+		return update
+	}
+	kept := make([]*proto.ProxyMapping, 0, len(update.Mapping))
+	for _, m := range update.Mapping {
+		if !proxyAcceptsMapping(conn, m) {
+			continue
+		}
+		kept = append(kept, m)
+	}
+	if len(kept) == len(update.Mapping) {
+		return update
+	}
+	return &proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
+		Mapping:             kept,
+		InitialSyncComplete: update.InitialSyncComplete,
+	}
+}
+
 // perProxyMessage returns a copy of update with a fresh one-time token for
 // create/update operations. For delete operations the original mapping is
 // used unchanged because proxies do not need to authenticate for removal.
@@ -961,7 +994,10 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) Authenticate(ctx context.Context, req *proto.Authen
 
 	authenticated, userId, method := s.authenticateRequest(ctx, req, service)
 
-	token, err := s.generateSessionToken(ctx, authenticated, service, userId, method)
+	// Non-OIDC schemes (PIN/Password/Header) authenticate against per-service
+	// secrets and have no user-level group context, so groups stay nil. Email
+	// is also empty — these schemes don't resolve a user record at sign time.
+	token, err := s.generateSessionToken(ctx, authenticated, service, userId, "", method, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -1050,7 +1086,7 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) logAuthenticationError(ctx context.Context, err err
 	}
 }
 
-func (s *ProxyServiceServer) generateSessionToken(ctx context.Context, authenticated bool, service *rpservice.Service, userId string, method proxyauth.Method) (string, error) {
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) generateSessionToken(ctx context.Context, authenticated bool, service *rpservice.Service, userId, userEmail string, method proxyauth.Method, groupIDs, groupNames []string) (string, error) {
 	if !authenticated || service.SessionPrivateKey == "" {
 		return "", nil
 	}
@@ -1058,8 +1094,11 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) generateSessionToken(ctx context.Context, authentic
 	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(
 		service.SessionPrivateKey,
 		userId,
+		userEmail,
 		service.Domain,
 		method,
+		groupIDs,
+		groupNames,
 		proxyauth.DefaultSessionExpiry,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1070,6 +1109,26 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) generateSessionToken(ctx context.Context, authentic
 	return token, nil
 }
 
+// pairGroupIDsAndNames splits a slice of resolved *types.Group records
+// into parallel id and name slices. ids[i] and names[i] always pair to
+// the same group. nil entries (orphan ids the manager couldn't resolve)
+// are skipped so the consumer can rely on positional pairing.
+func pairGroupIDsAndNames(groups []*types.Group) (ids, names []string) {
+	if len(groups) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	ids = make([]string, 0, len(groups))
+	names = make([]string, 0, len(groups))
+	for _, g := range groups {
+		if g == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		ids = append(ids, g.ID)
+		names = append(names, g.Name)
+	}
+	return ids, names
+}
+
 // SendStatusUpdate handles status updates from proxy clients.
 func (s *ProxyServiceServer) SendStatusUpdate(ctx context.Context, req *proto.SendStatusUpdateRequest) (*proto.SendStatusUpdateResponse, error) {
 	if err := enforceAccountScope(ctx, req.GetAccountId()); err != nil {
@@ -1334,7 +1393,9 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) ValidateState(state string) (verifier, redirectURL
 	return verifier, redirectURL, nil
 }
 
-// GenerateSessionToken creates a signed session JWT for the given domain and user.
+// GenerateSessionToken creates a signed session JWT for the given domain and
+// user. The user's group memberships are embedded in the token so policy-aware
+// middlewares on the proxy can authorise without an extra management round-trip.
 func (s *ProxyServiceServer) GenerateSessionToken(ctx context.Context, domain, userID string, method proxyauth.Method) (string, error) {
 	service, err := s.getServiceByDomain(ctx, domain)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1345,11 +1406,29 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) GenerateSessionToken(ctx context.Context, domain, u
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("no session key configured for domain: %s", domain)
 	}
 
+	var (
+		email      string
+		groupIDs   []string
+		groupNames []string
+	)
+	if s.usersManager != nil {
+		user, userGroups, uerr := s.usersManager.GetUserWithGroups(ctx, userID)
+		if uerr != nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("session token mint: lookup user %s: %v", userID, uerr)
+		} else if user != nil {
+			email = user.Email
+			groupIDs, groupNames = pairGroupIDsAndNames(userGroups)
+		}
+	}
+
 	return sessionkey.SignToken(
 		service.SessionPrivateKey,
 		userID,
+		email,
 		domain,
 		method,
+		groupIDs,
+		groupNames,
 		proxyauth.DefaultSessionExpiry,
 	)
 }
@@ -1453,7 +1532,7 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) ValidateSession(ctx context.Context, req *proto.Val
 		}, nil
 	}
 
-	userID, _, err := proxyauth.ValidateSessionJWT(sessionToken, domain, pubKeyBytes)
+	userID, _, _, _, _, err := proxyauth.ValidateSessionJWT(sessionToken, domain, pubKeyBytes)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
 			"domain": domain,
@@ -1466,7 +1545,7 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) ValidateSession(ctx context.Context, req *proto.Val
 		}, nil
 	}
 
-	user, err := s.usersManager.GetUser(ctx, userID)
+	user, userGroups, err := s.usersManager.GetUserWithGroups(ctx, userID)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
 			"domain":  domain,
@@ -1500,12 +1579,15 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) ValidateSession(ctx context.Context, req *proto.Val
 			"user_id": userID,
 			"error":   err.Error(),
 		}).Debug("ValidateSession: access denied")
+		groupIDs, groupNames := pairGroupIDsAndNames(userGroups)
 		//nolint:nilerr
 		return &proto.ValidateSessionResponse{
-			Valid:        false,
-			UserId:       user.Id,
-			UserEmail:    user.Email,
-			DeniedReason: "not_in_group",
+			Valid:          false,
+			UserId:         user.Id,
+			UserEmail:      user.Email,
+			DeniedReason:   "not_in_group",
+			PeerGroupIds:   groupIDs,
+			PeerGroupNames: groupNames,
 		}, nil
 	}
 
@@ -1515,10 +1597,13 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) ValidateSession(ctx context.Context, req *proto.Val
 		"email":   user.Email,
 	}).Debug("ValidateSession: access granted")
 
+	groupIDs, groupNames := pairGroupIDsAndNames(userGroups)
 	return &proto.ValidateSessionResponse{
-		Valid:     true,
-		UserId:    user.Id,
-		UserEmail: user.Email,
+		Valid:          true,
+		UserId:         user.Id,
+		UserEmail:      user.Email,
+		PeerGroupIds:   groupIDs,
+		PeerGroupNames: groupNames,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -1551,3 +1636,154 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) checkGroupAccess(service *rpservice.Service, user *
 }
 
 func ptr[T any](v T) *T { return &v }
+
+// ValidateTunnelPeer resolves an inbound peer by its WireGuard tunnel IP and
+// checks the peer's group membership against the service's access groups.
+// Peers without a user (machine agents, automation workloads) are first-class
+// callers; authorisation runs off peer-group memberships rather than the
+// optional owning user's auto-groups. On success a session JWT is minted so
+// the proxy can install a cookie and skip subsequent management round-trips.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) ValidateTunnelPeer(ctx context.Context, req *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+	domain := req.GetDomain()
+	tunnelIPStr := req.GetTunnelIp()
+
+	if domain == "" || tunnelIPStr == "" {
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+			Valid:        false,
+			DeniedReason: "missing domain or tunnel_ip",
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	tunnelIP := net.ParseIP(tunnelIPStr)
+	if tunnelIP == nil {
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+			Valid:        false,
+			DeniedReason: "invalid_tunnel_ip",
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	service, err := s.getServiceByDomain(ctx, domain)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithFields(log.Fields{"domain": domain, "error": err.Error()}).Debug("ValidateTunnelPeer: service not found")
+		//nolint:nilerr
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+			Valid:        false,
+			DeniedReason: "service_not_found",
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	// Mirror ValidateSession: account-scoped (BYOP) proxy tokens may only
+	// validate and mint session cookies for their own account's domains.
+	if err := enforceAccountScope(ctx, service.AccountID); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	peer, err := s.peersManager.GetPeerByTunnelIP(ctx, service.AccountID, tunnelIP)
+	if err != nil || peer == nil {
+		log.WithFields(log.Fields{"domain": domain, "tunnel_ip": tunnelIPStr}).Debug("ValidateTunnelPeer: peer not found")
+		//nolint:nilerr
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+			Valid:        false,
+			DeniedReason: "peer_not_found",
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	_, peerGroups, err := s.peersManager.GetPeerWithGroups(ctx, service.AccountID, peer.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithFields(log.Fields{"domain": domain, "peer_id": peer.ID, "error": err.Error()}).Debug("ValidateTunnelPeer: peer groups lookup failed")
+		//nolint:nilerr
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+			Valid:        false,
+			DeniedReason: "peer_not_found",
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	groupIDs, groupNames := pairGroupIDsAndNames(peerGroups)
+
+	// Resolve the principal: when the peer is linked to a user, the human
+	// is the principal so multiple peers owned by the same user share a
+	// single identity. Unlinked peers (machine agents) are their own
+	// principal keyed on peer.ID. displayIdentity is what upstream gateways
+	// tag spend with — user.Email when linked, peer.Name when not.
+	principalID := peer.ID
+	displayIdentity := peer.Name
+	if peer.UserID != "" {
+		if user, uerr := s.usersManager.GetUser(ctx, peer.UserID); uerr == nil && user != nil {
+			principalID = user.Id
+			if user.Email != "" {
+				displayIdentity = user.Email
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := checkPeerGroupAccess(service, groupIDs); err != nil {
+		log.WithFields(log.Fields{"domain": domain, "peer_id": peer.ID, "error": err.Error()}).Debug("ValidateTunnelPeer: access denied")
+		//nolint:nilerr
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+			Valid:          false,
+			UserId:         principalID,
+			UserEmail:      displayIdentity,
+			DeniedReason:   "not_in_group",
+			PeerGroupIds:   groupIDs,
+			PeerGroupNames: groupNames,
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	token, err := s.generateSessionToken(ctx, true, service, principalID, displayIdentity, proxyauth.MethodOIDC, groupIDs, groupNames)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	log.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"domain":       domain,
+		"tunnel_ip":    tunnelIPStr,
+		"peer_id":      peer.ID,
+		"principal_id": principalID,
+	}).Debug("ValidateTunnelPeer: access granted")
+
+	return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+		Valid:          true,
+		UserId:         principalID,
+		UserEmail:      displayIdentity,
+		SessionToken:   token,
+		PeerGroupIds:   groupIDs,
+		PeerGroupNames: groupNames,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// checkPeerGroupAccess gates ValidateTunnelPeer by the service's required
+// groups. Private services authorise against AccessGroups (empty list fails
+// closed — Validate() rejects that at save time but the RPC is the security
+// boundary and must not trust upstream state). Bearer-auth services authorise
+// against DistributionGroups when populated. Non-private non-bearer services
+// are open.
+func checkPeerGroupAccess(service *rpservice.Service, peerGroupIDs []string) error {
+	if service.Private {
+		if len(service.AccessGroups) == 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("private service has no access groups")
+		}
+		return matchAnyGroup(service.AccessGroups, peerGroupIDs)
+	}
+	if service.Auth.BearerAuth != nil && service.Auth.BearerAuth.Enabled && len(service.Auth.BearerAuth.DistributionGroups) > 0 {
+		return matchAnyGroup(service.Auth.BearerAuth.DistributionGroups, peerGroupIDs)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// matchAnyGroup returns nil when peerGroupIDs intersects allowedGroups,
+// else a non-nil error.
+func matchAnyGroup(allowedGroups, peerGroupIDs []string) error {
+	if len(allowedGroups) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no allowed groups configured")
+	}
+	allowed := make(map[string]struct{}, len(allowedGroups))
+	for _, g := range allowedGroups {
+		allowed[g] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	for _, g := range peerGroupIDs {
+		if _, ok := allowed[g]; ok {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("peer not in allowed groups")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_group_access_test.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_group_access_test.go
index 5980f8a30..76da7ddbc 100644
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_group_access_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_group_access_test.go
@@ -129,6 +129,14 @@ func (m *mockUsersManager) GetUser(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types.U
 	return user, nil
 }
 
+func (m *mockUsersManager) GetUserWithGroups(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types.User, []*types.Group, error) {
+	user, err := m.GetUser(ctx, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return user, nil, nil
+}
+
 func TestValidateUserGroupAccess(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name             string
@@ -420,3 +428,46 @@ func TestGetAccountProxyByDomain(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestCheckPeerGroupAccess(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("private with empty AccessGroups denies", func(t *testing.T) {
+		svc := &service.Service{Private: true, AccessGroups: nil}
+		err := checkPeerGroupAccess(svc, []string{"grp-admins"})
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "no access groups")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("private with peer in AccessGroups allows", func(t *testing.T) {
+		svc := &service.Service{Private: true, AccessGroups: []string{"grp-admins", "grp-ops"}}
+		assert.NoError(t, checkPeerGroupAccess(svc, []string{"grp-other", "grp-ops"}))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("private with peer outside AccessGroups denies", func(t *testing.T) {
+		svc := &service.Service{Private: true, AccessGroups: []string{"grp-admins"}}
+		assert.Error(t, checkPeerGroupAccess(svc, []string{"grp-other"}))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("bearer enabled with empty DistributionGroups allows", func(t *testing.T) {
+		svc := &service.Service{
+			Auth: service.AuthConfig{BearerAuth: &service.BearerAuthConfig{Enabled: true}},
+		}
+		assert.NoError(t, checkPeerGroupAccess(svc, []string{"grp-anyone"}))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("bearer enabled gates on DistributionGroups", func(t *testing.T) {
+		svc := &service.Service{
+			Auth: service.AuthConfig{
+				BearerAuth: &service.BearerAuthConfig{
+					Enabled:            true,
+					DistributionGroups: []string{"grp-allowed"},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		assert.NoError(t, checkPeerGroupAccess(svc, []string{"grp-allowed"}))
+		assert.Error(t, checkPeerGroupAccess(svc, []string{"grp-other"}))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-private non-bearer is open", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.NoError(t, checkPeerGroupAccess(&service.Service{}, nil))
+	})
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/server.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/server.go
index 1d8234304..2d19ca32b 100644
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/server.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/server.go
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleUpdates(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerKey wg
 				return nil
 			}
 
-			log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("received an update for peer %s", peerKey.String())
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("received an update for peer %s", peerKey.String())
 			if debouncer.ProcessUpdate(update) {
 				// Send immediately (first update or after quiet period)
 				if err := s.sendUpdate(ctx, accountID, peerKey, peer, update, srv, streamStartTime); err != nil {
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ func (s *Server) sendUpdate(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerKey wgtyp
 		s.cancelPeerRoutines(ctx, accountID, peer, streamStartTime)
 		return status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "failed sending update message")
 	}
-	log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("sent an update to peer %s", peerKey.String())
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("sent an update to peer %s", peerKey.String())
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -821,6 +821,80 @@ func (s *Server) Login(ctx context.Context, req *proto.EncryptedMessage) (*proto
 	}, nil
 }
 
+// ExtendAuthSession refreshes the peer's SSO session expiry deadline using a
+// fresh JWT. The same JWT validation pipeline as Login is used. The tunnel
+// stays up; no network map sync is performed. The new deadline is returned
+// in ExtendAuthSessionResponse.SessionExpiresAt.
+func (s *Server) ExtendAuthSession(ctx context.Context, req *proto.EncryptedMessage) (*proto.EncryptedMessage, error) {
+	extendReq := &proto.ExtendAuthSessionRequest{}
+	peerKey, err := s.parseRequest(ctx, req, extendReq)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	//nolint
+	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, nbContext.PeerIDKey, peerKey.String())
+	if accountID, accErr := s.accountManager.GetAccountIDForPeerKey(ctx, peerKey.String()); accErr == nil {
+		//nolint
+		ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, nbContext.AccountIDKey, accountID)
+	}
+
+	jwt := extendReq.GetJwtToken()
+	if jwt == "" {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "jwt token is required")
+	}
+
+	var userID string
+	const attempts = 3
+	for i := 0; i < attempts; i++ {
+		userID, err = s.validateToken(ctx, peerKey.String(), jwt)
+		if err == nil {
+			break
+		}
+		if i == attempts-1 {
+			break
+		}
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed validating JWT token while extending session for peer %s: %v. Retrying (idP cache).", peerKey.String(), err)
+		select {
+		case <-time.After(200 * time.Millisecond):
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		}
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if userID == "" {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unauthenticated, "jwt token did not yield a user id")
+	}
+
+	deadline, err := s.accountManager.ExtendPeerSession(ctx, peerKey.String(), userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed extending session for peer %s: %v", peerKey.String(), err)
+		return nil, mapError(ctx, err)
+	}
+
+	// Success path normally returns a non-zero deadline. A defensive zero
+	// would still encode as the explicit "disabled" sentinel rather than nil,
+	// so the client clears any stale anchor instead of preserving it.
+	resp := &proto.ExtendAuthSessionResponse{
+		SessionExpiresAt: encodeSessionExpiresAt(deadline),
+	}
+
+	wgKey, err := s.secretsManager.GetWGKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "failed processing request")
+	}
+	encrypted, err := encryption.EncryptMessage(peerKey, wgKey, resp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "failed encrypting response")
+	}
+	return &proto.EncryptedMessage{
+		WgPubKey: wgKey.PublicKey().String(),
+		Body:     encrypted,
+	}, nil
+}
+
 func (s *Server) prepareLoginResponse(ctx context.Context, peer *nbpeer.Peer, netMap *types.NetworkMap, postureChecks []*posture.Checks) (*proto.LoginResponse, error) {
 	var relayToken *Token
 	var err error
@@ -844,6 +918,12 @@ func (s *Server) prepareLoginResponse(ctx context.Context, peer *nbpeer.Peer, ne
 		Checks:        toProtocolChecks(ctx, postureChecks),
 	}
 
+	// settings is always non-nil here, so we never emit nil — encoder returns
+	// either a valid deadline or the explicit-zero "disabled" sentinel.
+	loginResp.SessionExpiresAt = encodeSessionExpiresAt(
+		peer.SessionExpiresAt(settings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled, settings.PeerLoginExpiration),
+	)
+
 	return loginResp, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/validate_session_test.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/validate_session_test.go
index 774c5d1d3..27d9a65e7 100644
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/validate_session_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/validate_session_test.go
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func generateSessionKeyPair(t *testing.T) (string, string) {
 
 func createSessionToken(t *testing.T, privKeyB64, userID, domain string) string {
 	t.Helper()
-	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(privKeyB64, userID, domain, auth.MethodOIDC, time.Hour)
+	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(privKeyB64, userID, "", domain, auth.MethodOIDC, nil, nil, time.Hour)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	return token
 }
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ func TestValidateSession_UserAllowed(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.True(t, resp.Valid, "User should be allowed access")
 	assert.Equal(t, "allowedUserId", resp.UserId)
 	assert.Empty(t, resp.DeniedReason)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"allowedGroupId"}, resp.GetPeerGroupIds(), "PeerGroupIds must mirror the resolved user's group memberships")
 }
 
 func TestValidateSession_UserNotInAllowedGroup(t *testing.T) {
@@ -145,6 +146,7 @@ func TestValidateSession_UserNotInAllowedGroup(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.False(t, resp.Valid, "User not in group should be denied")
 	assert.Equal(t, "not_in_group", resp.DeniedReason)
 	assert.Equal(t, "nonGroupUserId", resp.UserId)
+	assert.Empty(t, resp.GetPeerGroupIds(), "PeerGroupIds must mirror the resolved user's actual (empty) memberships on denial")
 }
 
 func TestValidateSession_UserInDifferentAccount(t *testing.T) {
@@ -392,6 +394,10 @@ func (m *testValidateSessionProxyManager) ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(_ context.Cont
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (m *testValidateSessionProxyManager) ClusterSupportsPrivate(_ context.Context, _ string) *bool {
+	return nil
+}
+
 type testValidateSessionUsersManager struct {
 	store store.Store
 }
@@ -399,3 +405,24 @@ type testValidateSessionUsersManager struct {
 func (m *testValidateSessionUsersManager) GetUser(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types.User, error) {
 	return m.store.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, userID)
 }
+
+func (m *testValidateSessionUsersManager) GetUserWithGroups(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types.User, []*types.Group, error) {
+	user, err := m.store.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if len(user.AutoGroups) == 0 {
+		return user, nil, nil
+	}
+	groupsMap, err := m.store.GetGroupsByIDs(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, user.AccountID, user.AutoGroups)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	groups := make([]*types.Group, 0, len(user.AutoGroups))
+	for _, id := range user.AutoGroups {
+		if g, ok := groupsMap[id]; ok && g != nil {
+			groups = append(groups, g)
+		}
+	}
+	return user, groups, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/server/account.go b/management/server/account.go
index 8e4e595f0..f16717857 100644
--- a/management/server/account.go
+++ b/management/server/account.go
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetIdpManager() idp.Manager {
 // User that performs the update has to belong to the account.
 // Returns an updated Settings
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, newSettings *types.Settings) (*types.Settings, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Settings, operations.Update)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Settings, operations.Update)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to validate user permissions: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -355,7 +355,17 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, acco
 			oldSettings.LazyConnectionEnabled != newSettings.LazyConnectionEnabled ||
 			oldSettings.DNSDomain != newSettings.DNSDomain ||
 			oldSettings.AutoUpdateVersion != newSettings.AutoUpdateVersion ||
-			oldSettings.AutoUpdateAlways != newSettings.AutoUpdateAlways {
+			oldSettings.AutoUpdateAlways != newSettings.AutoUpdateAlways ||
+			oldSettings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled != newSettings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled ||
+			oldSettings.PeerLoginExpiration != newSettings.PeerLoginExpiration {
+			// Session deadline is derived from LastLogin + PeerLoginExpiration
+			// on every Login/Sync response. Without a fan-out push, connected
+			// peers keep the deadline they received at login time and only see
+			// the new value after the next unrelated NetworkMap change. Add
+			// these two fields to the trigger list so admin-side expiry tweaks
+			// (e.g. shortening from 24h to 1h) reach every connected peer
+			// within seconds, which is what the proactive-warning feature
+			// relies on (see client/internal/auth/sessionwatch).
 			updateAccountPeers = true
 		}
 
@@ -845,7 +855,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID, u
 		return err
 	}
 
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Accounts, operations.Delete)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Accounts, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to validate user permissions: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -1412,7 +1422,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID strin
 
 // GetAccountByID returns an account associated with this account ID.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetAccountByID(ctx context.Context, accountID string, userID string) (*types.Account, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Accounts, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Accounts, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -1425,7 +1435,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetAccountByID(ctx context.Context, accountID s
 
 // GetAccountMeta returns the account metadata associated with this account ID.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetAccountMeta(ctx context.Context, accountID string, userID string) (*types.AccountMeta, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Accounts, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Accounts, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -1438,7 +1448,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetAccountMeta(ctx context.Context, accountID s
 
 // GetAccountOnboarding retrieves the onboarding information for a specific account.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetAccountOnboarding(ctx context.Context, accountID string, userID string) (*types.AccountOnboarding, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Accounts, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Accounts, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -1463,7 +1473,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetAccountOnboarding(ctx context.Context, accou
 }
 
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateAccountOnboarding(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, newOnboarding *types.AccountOnboarding) (*types.AccountOnboarding, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Settings, operations.Update)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Settings, operations.Update)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to validate user permissions: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -1530,7 +1540,8 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetAccountIDFromUserAuth(ctx context.Context, u
 		return accountID, user.Id, nil
 	}
 
-	if err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateAccountAccess(ctx, accountID, user, false); err != nil {
+	ctx, err = am.permissionsManager.ValidateAccountAccess(ctx, accountID, user, false)
+	if err != nil {
 		return "", "", err
 	}
 
@@ -1976,7 +1987,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) handleUserPeer(ctx context.Context, transaction
 }
 
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID string, userID string) (*types.Settings, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Settings, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Settings, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -2544,7 +2555,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) validateIPForUpdate(account *types.Account, pee
 }
 
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdatePeerIP(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, peerID string, newIP netip.Addr) error {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Peers, operations.Update)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Peers, operations.Update)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("validate user permissions: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -2634,7 +2645,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) savePeerIPUpdate(ctx context.Context, transacti
 // UpdatePeerIPv6 updates the IPv6 overlay address of a peer, validating it's
 // within the account's v6 network range and not already taken.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdatePeerIPv6(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, peerID string, newIPv6 netip.Addr) error {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Peers, operations.Update)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Peers, operations.Update)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("validate user permissions: %w", err)
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/account/manager.go b/management/server/account/manager.go
index ae3de8d79..b7b159915 100644
--- a/management/server/account/manager.go
+++ b/management/server/account/manager.go
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ type Manager interface {
 	UpdateAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, newSettings *types.Settings) (*types.Settings, error)
 	UpdateAccountOnboarding(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, newOnboarding *types.AccountOnboarding) (*types.AccountOnboarding, error)
 	LoginPeer(ctx context.Context, login types.PeerLogin) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, error)                       // used by peer gRPC API
+	ExtendPeerSession(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey, userID string) (time.Time, error)                                                   // used by peer gRPC API for ExtendAuthSession
 	SyncPeer(ctx context.Context, sync types.PeerSync, accountID string) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, int64, error) // used by peer gRPC API
 	GetExternalCacheManager() ExternalCacheManager
 	GetPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountID, postureChecksID, userID string) (*posture.Checks, error)
diff --git a/management/server/account/manager_mock.go b/management/server/account/manager_mock.go
index 0486e63ec..81127a6b4 100644
--- a/management/server/account/manager_mock.go
+++ b/management/server/account/manager_mock.go
@@ -1304,6 +1304,21 @@ func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) LoginPeer(ctx, login interface{}) *gomock.Cal
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "LoginPeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).LoginPeer), ctx, login)
 }
 
+// ExtendPeerSession mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) ExtendPeerSession(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey, userID string) (time.Time, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "ExtendPeerSession", ctx, peerPubKey, userID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(time.Time)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// ExtendPeerSession indicates an expected call of ExtendPeerSession.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ExtendPeerSession(ctx, peerPubKey, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ExtendPeerSession", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ExtendPeerSession), ctx, peerPubKey, userID)
+}
+
 // MarkPeerConnected mocks base method.
 func (m *MockManager) MarkPeerConnected(ctx context.Context, peerKey string, realIP net.IP, accountID string, sessionStartedAt int64) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
diff --git a/management/server/activity/codes.go b/management/server/activity/codes.go
index 6c781a952..852193a3b 100644
--- a/management/server/activity/codes.go
+++ b/management/server/activity/codes.go
@@ -240,6 +240,10 @@ const (
 	AccountLocalMfaEnabled Activity = 123
 	// AccountLocalMfaDisabled indicates that a user disabled TOTP MFA for local users
 	AccountLocalMfaDisabled Activity = 124
+	// UserExtendedPeerSession indicates that a user refreshed their peer's
+	// SSO session deadline via ExtendAuthSession without re-establishing the
+	// tunnel. Distinct from UserLoggedInPeer (full interactive login).
+	UserExtendedPeerSession Activity = 125
 
 	AccountDeleted Activity = 99999
 )
@@ -394,6 +398,8 @@ var activityMap = map[Activity]Code{
 	AccountLocalMfaEnabled:  {"Account local MFA enabled", "account.setting.local.mfa.enable"},
 	AccountLocalMfaDisabled: {"Account local MFA disabled", "account.setting.local.mfa.disable"},
 
+	UserExtendedPeerSession: {"User extended peer session", "user.peer.session.extend"},
+
 	DomainAdded:     {"Domain added", "domain.add"},
 	DomainDeleted:   {"Domain deleted", "domain.delete"},
 	DomainValidated: {"Domain validated", "domain.validate"},
diff --git a/management/server/context/keys.go b/management/server/context/keys.go
index 9697997a8..7a65afbbd 100644
--- a/management/server/context/keys.go
+++ b/management/server/context/keys.go
@@ -1,10 +1,27 @@
 package context
 
-import "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/context"
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	nbcontext "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/context"
+)
 
 const (
-	RequestIDKey = context.RequestIDKey
-	AccountIDKey = context.AccountIDKey
-	UserIDKey    = context.UserIDKey
-	PeerIDKey    = context.PeerIDKey
+	RequestIDKey = nbcontext.RequestIDKey
+	AccountIDKey = nbcontext.AccountIDKey
+	RoleKey      = nbcontext.RoleKey
+	UserIDKey    = nbcontext.UserIDKey
+	PeerIDKey    = nbcontext.PeerIDKey
 )
+
+// RoleFromContext returns the role stored in ctx, or empty string and false if absent.
+func RoleFromContext(ctx context.Context) (string, bool) {
+	role, ok := ctx.Value(RoleKey).(string)
+	return role, ok
+}
+
+// WithRole returns a new context carrying the given role.
+func WithRole(ctx context.Context, role string) context.Context {
+	//nolint
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, RoleKey, role)
+}
diff --git a/management/server/dns.go b/management/server/dns.go
index c62fa5185..dcc3f21c7 100644
--- a/management/server/dns.go
+++ b/management/server/dns.go
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ const (
 
 // GetDNSSettings validates a user role and returns the DNS settings for the provided account ID
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetDNSSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID string, userID string) (*types.DNSSettings, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveDNSSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID
 		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "the dns settings provided are nil")
 	}
 
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Update)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Dns, operations.Update)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/event.go b/management/server/event.go
index d26c569ae..4211f2dda 100644
--- a/management/server/event.go
+++ b/management/server/event.go
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func isEnabled() bool {
 
 // GetEvents returns a list of activity events of an account
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetEvents(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*activity.Event, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Events, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Events, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/group.go b/management/server/group.go
index 870a441ac..7e02af245 100644
--- a/management/server/group.go
+++ b/management/server/group.go
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func (e *GroupLinkError) Error() string {
 
 // CheckGroupPermissions validates if a user has the necessary permissions to view groups
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CheckGroupPermissions(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) error {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Groups, operations.Read)
+	allowed, _, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Groups, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetGroupByName(ctx context.Context, groupName,
 
 // CreateGroup object of the peers
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, newGroup *types.Group) error {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Groups, operations.Create)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Groups, operations.Create)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, use
 
 // UpdateGroup object of the peers
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, newGroup *types.Group) error {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Groups, operations.Update)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Groups, operations.Update)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, use
 // It is the caller's responsibility to ensure proper locking is in place before invoking this method.
 // This method will not create group peer membership relations. Use AddPeerToGroup or RemovePeerFromGroup methods for that.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, groups []*types.Group) error {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Groups, operations.Create)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Groups, operations.Create)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, us
 // It is the caller's responsibility to ensure proper locking is in place before invoking this method.
 // This method will not create group peer membership relations. Use AddPeerToGroup or RemovePeerFromGroup methods for that.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, groups []*types.Group) error {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Groups, operations.Update)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Groups, operations.Update)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, use
 // If an error occurs while deleting a group, the function skips it and continues deleting other groups.
 // Errors are collected and returned at the end.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, groupIDs []string) error {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Groups, operations.Delete)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Groups, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/groups/manager.go b/management/server/groups/manager.go
index d110ab564..c9a877d6f 100644
--- a/management/server/groups/manager.go
+++ b/management/server/groups/manager.go
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func NewManager(store store.Store, permissionsManager permissions.Manager, accou
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) GetAllGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*types.Group, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Groups, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Groups, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetAllGroupsMap(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID str
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) AddResourceToGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, groupID string, resource *types.Resource) error {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Groups, operations.Update)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Groups, operations.Update)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/http/handler.go b/management/server/http/handler.go
index 1e2c710db..0abdb854d 100644
--- a/management/server/http/handler.go
+++ b/management/server/http/handler.go
@@ -15,15 +15,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxytoken"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
 	reverseproxymanager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager"
 
 	nbgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
 	idpmanager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations"
-
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones"
 	zonesManager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones/manager"
@@ -32,12 +30,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/port_forwarding"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/permissions"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/http/handlers/proxy"
 
-	nbpeers "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/geolocation"
 	nbgroups "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/groups"
@@ -56,17 +52,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/http/middleware"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/http/middleware/bypass"
 	nbinstance "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/instance"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator"
 	nbnetworks "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
 )
 
-const apiPrefix = "/api"
-
 // NewAPIHandler creates the Management service HTTP API handler registering all the available endpoints.
-func NewAPIHandler(ctx context.Context, accountManager account.Manager, networksManager nbnetworks.Manager, resourceManager resources.Manager, routerManager routers.Manager, groupsManager nbgroups.Manager, LocationManager geolocation.Geolocation, authManager auth.Manager, appMetrics telemetry.AppMetrics, integratedValidator integrated_validator.IntegratedValidator, proxyController port_forwarding.Controller, permissionsManager permissions.Manager, peersManager nbpeers.Manager, settingsManager settings.Manager, zManager zones.Manager, rManager records.Manager, networkMapController network_map.Controller, idpManager idpmanager.Manager, serviceManager service.Manager, reverseProxyDomainManager *manager.Manager, reverseProxyAccessLogsManager accesslogs.Manager, proxyGRPCServer *nbgrpc.ProxyServiceServer, trustedHTTPProxies []netip.Prefix, rateLimiter *middleware.APIRateLimiter) (http.Handler, error) {
+func NewAPIHandler(ctx context.Context, router *mux.Router, accountManager account.Manager, networksManager nbnetworks.Manager, resourceManager resources.Manager, routerManager routers.Manager, groupsManager nbgroups.Manager, LocationManager geolocation.Geolocation, authManager auth.Manager, appMetrics telemetry.AppMetrics, permissionsManager permissions.Manager, settingsManager settings.Manager, zManager zones.Manager, rManager records.Manager, networkMapController network_map.Controller, idpManager idpmanager.Manager, serviceManager service.Manager, reverseProxyDomainManager *manager.Manager, reverseProxyAccessLogsManager accesslogs.Manager, proxyGRPCServer *nbgrpc.ProxyServiceServer, trustedHTTPProxies []netip.Prefix, rateLimiter *middleware.APIRateLimiter, isValidChildAccount middleware.IsValidChildAccountFunc) (http.Handler, error) {
 
 	// Register bypass paths for unauthenticated endpoints
 	if err := bypass.AddBypassPath("/api/instance"); err != nil {
@@ -100,25 +93,16 @@ func NewAPIHandler(ctx context.Context, accountManager account.Manager, networks
 		accountManager.GetUserFromUserAuth,
 		rateLimiter,
 		appMetrics.GetMeter(),
+		isValidChildAccount,
 	)
 
 	corsMiddleware := cors.AllowAll()
 
-	rootRouter := mux.NewRouter()
 	metricsMiddleware := appMetrics.HTTPMiddleware()
 
-	prefix := apiPrefix
-	router := rootRouter.PathPrefix(prefix).Subrouter()
-
 	router.Use(metricsMiddleware.Handler, corsMiddleware.Handler, authMiddleware.Handler)
 
-	if _, err := integrations.RegisterHandlers(ctx, prefix, router, accountManager, integratedValidator, appMetrics.GetMeter(), permissionsManager, peersManager, proxyController, settingsManager); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("register integrations endpoints: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Check if embedded IdP is enabled for instance manager
-	embeddedIdP, embeddedIdpEnabled := idpManager.(*idpmanager.EmbeddedIdPManager)
-	instanceManager, err := nbinstance.NewManager(ctx, accountManager.GetStore(), embeddedIdP)
+	instanceManager, err := nbinstance.NewManager(ctx, accountManager.GetStore(), idpManager)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create instance manager: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -154,10 +138,5 @@ func NewAPIHandler(ctx context.Context, accountManager account.Manager, networks
 		oauthHandler.RegisterEndpoints(router)
 	}
 
-	// Mount embedded IdP handler at /oauth2 path if configured
-	if embeddedIdpEnabled {
-		rootRouter.PathPrefix("/oauth2").Handler(corsMiddleware.Handler(embeddedIdP.Handler()))
-	}
-
-	return rootRouter, nil
+	return router, nil
 }
diff --git a/management/server/http/handlers/peers/peers_handler.go b/management/server/http/handlers/peers/peers_handler.go
index 91026a374..1d4af95e9 100644
--- a/management/server/http/handlers/peers/peers_handler.go
+++ b/management/server/http/handlers/peers/peers_handler.go
@@ -405,48 +405,48 @@ func (h *Handler) GetAccessiblePeers(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	allowed, err := h.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(r.Context(), accountID, userID, modules.Peers, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := h.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(r.Context(), accountID, userID, modules.Peers, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
-		util.WriteError(r.Context(), status.NewPermissionValidationError(err), w)
+		util.WriteError(ctx, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err), w)
 		return
 	}
 
-	account, err := h.accountManager.GetAccountByID(r.Context(), accountID, activity.SystemInitiator)
+	account, err := h.accountManager.GetAccountByID(ctx, accountID, activity.SystemInitiator)
 	if err != nil {
-		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		util.WriteError(ctx, err, w)
 		return
 	}
 
 	if !allowed && !userAuth.IsChild {
 		if account.Settings.RegularUsersViewBlocked {
-			util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, []api.AccessiblePeer{})
+			util.WriteJSONObject(ctx, w, []api.AccessiblePeer{})
 			return
 		}
 
 		peer, ok := account.Peers[peerID]
 		if !ok {
-			util.WriteError(r.Context(), status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "peer not found"), w)
+			util.WriteError(ctx, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "peer not found"), w)
 			return
 		}
 
 		if peer.UserID != user.Id {
-			util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, []api.AccessiblePeer{})
+			util.WriteJSONObject(ctx, w, []api.AccessiblePeer{})
 			return
 		}
 	}
 
-	validPeers, _, err := h.accountManager.GetValidatedPeers(r.Context(), accountID)
+	validPeers, _, err := h.accountManager.GetValidatedPeers(ctx, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.WithContext(r.Context()).Errorf("failed to list approved peers: %v", err)
-		util.WriteError(r.Context(), fmt.Errorf("internal error"), w)
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to list approved peers: %v", err)
+		util.WriteError(ctx, fmt.Errorf("internal error"), w)
 		return
 	}
 
 	dnsDomain := h.networkMapController.GetDNSDomain(account.Settings)
 
-	netMap := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(r.Context(), peerID, dns.CustomZone{}, nil, validPeers, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap(), nil, account.GetActiveGroupUsers())
+	netMap := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, peerID, dns.CustomZone{}, nil, validPeers, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap(), nil, account.GetActiveGroupUsers())
 
-	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, toAccessiblePeers(netMap, dnsDomain))
+	util.WriteJSONObject(ctx, w, toAccessiblePeers(netMap, dnsDomain))
 }
 
 func (h *Handler) CreateTemporaryAccess(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
diff --git a/management/server/http/handlers/peers/peers_handler_test.go b/management/server/http/handlers/peers/peers_handler_test.go
index 9db095c8d..047213879 100644
--- a/management/server/http/handlers/peers/peers_handler_test.go
+++ b/management/server/http/handlers/peers/peers_handler_test.go
@@ -116,15 +116,15 @@ func initTestMetaData(t *testing.T, peers ...*nbpeer.Peer) *Handler {
 
 	ctrl2 := gomock.NewController(t)
 	permissionsManager := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl2)
-	permissionsManager.EXPECT().ValidateAccountAccess(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).AnyTimes()
+	permissionsManager.EXPECT().ValidateAccountAccess(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return(context.Background(), nil).AnyTimes()
 	permissionsManager.EXPECT().
 		ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Eq(modules.Peers), gomock.Eq(operations.Read)).
-		DoAndReturn(func(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, module modules.Module, operation operations.Operation) (bool, error) {
+		DoAndReturn(func(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, module modules.Module, operation operations.Operation) (bool, context.Context, error) {
 			user, ok := account.Users[userID]
 			if !ok {
-				return false, fmt.Errorf("user not found")
+				return false, ctx, fmt.Errorf("user not found")
 			}
-			return user.HasAdminPower() || user.IsServiceUser, nil
+			return user.HasAdminPower() || user.IsServiceUser, ctx, nil
 		}).
 		AnyTimes()
 
diff --git a/management/server/http/handlers/policies/geolocation_handler_test.go b/management/server/http/handlers/policies/geolocation_handler_test.go
index 094a36e38..f5723b8fc 100644
--- a/management/server/http/handlers/policies/geolocation_handler_test.go
+++ b/management/server/http/handlers/policies/geolocation_handler_test.go
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func initGeolocationTestData(t *testing.T) *geolocationsHandler {
 	permissionsManagerMock.
 		EXPECT().
 		ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), modules.Policies, operations.Read).
-		Return(true, nil).
+		Return(true, context.Background(), nil).
 		AnyTimes()
 
 	return &geolocationsHandler{
diff --git a/management/server/http/middleware/auth_middleware.go b/management/server/http/middleware/auth_middleware.go
index 6d075d9c2..34df0de23 100644
--- a/management/server/http/middleware/auth_middleware.go
+++ b/management/server/http/middleware/auth_middleware.go
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations"
-
 	serverauth "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/auth"
 	nbcontext "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/context"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/http/middleware/bypass"
@@ -27,6 +25,8 @@ type SyncUserJWTGroupsFunc func(ctx context.Context, userAuth auth.UserAuth) err
 
 type GetUserFromUserAuthFunc func(ctx context.Context, userAuth auth.UserAuth) (*types.User, error)
 
+type IsValidChildAccountFunc func(ctx context.Context, userID, accountID, childAccountID string) bool
+
 // AuthMiddleware middleware to verify personal access tokens (PAT) and JWT tokens
 type AuthMiddleware struct {
 	authManager         serverauth.Manager
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ type AuthMiddleware struct {
 	syncUserJWTGroups   SyncUserJWTGroupsFunc
 	rateLimiter         *APIRateLimiter
 	patUsageTracker     *PATUsageTracker
+	isValidChildAccount IsValidChildAccountFunc
 }
 
 // NewAuthMiddleware instance constructor
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ func NewAuthMiddleware(
 	getUserFromUserAuth GetUserFromUserAuthFunc,
 	rateLimiter *APIRateLimiter,
 	meter metric.Meter,
+	isValidChildAccount IsValidChildAccountFunc,
 ) *AuthMiddleware {
 	var patUsageTracker *PATUsageTracker
 	if meter != nil {
@@ -62,6 +64,7 @@ func NewAuthMiddleware(
 		getUserFromUserAuth: getUserFromUserAuth,
 		rateLimiter:         rateLimiter,
 		patUsageTracker:     patUsageTracker,
+		isValidChildAccount: isValidChildAccount,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ func (m *AuthMiddleware) checkJWTFromRequest(r *http.Request, authHeaderParts []
 	}
 
 	if impersonate, ok := r.URL.Query()["account"]; ok && len(impersonate) == 1 {
-		if integrations.IsValidChildAccount(ctx, userAuth.UserId, userAuth.AccountId, impersonate[0]) {
+		if m.isValidChildAccount(ctx, userAuth.UserId, userAuth.AccountId, impersonate[0]) {
 			userAuth.AccountId = impersonate[0]
 			userAuth.IsChild = true
 		}
@@ -203,7 +206,7 @@ func (m *AuthMiddleware) checkPATFromRequest(r *http.Request, authHeaderParts []
 	}
 
 	if impersonate, ok := r.URL.Query()["account"]; ok && len(impersonate) == 1 {
-		if integrations.IsValidChildAccount(r.Context(), userAuth.UserId, userAuth.AccountId, impersonate[0]) {
+		if m.isValidChildAccount(r.Context(), userAuth.UserId, userAuth.AccountId, impersonate[0]) {
 			userAuth.AccountId = impersonate[0]
 			userAuth.IsChild = true
 		}
diff --git a/management/server/http/middleware/auth_middleware_test.go b/management/server/http/middleware/auth_middleware_test.go
index 8f736fbfd..24cf8fce5 100644
--- a/management/server/http/middleware/auth_middleware_test.go
+++ b/management/server/http/middleware/auth_middleware_test.go
@@ -211,6 +211,7 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_Handler(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		disabledLimiter,
 		nil,
+		func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) bool { return false },
 	)
 
 	handlerToTest := authMiddleware.Handler(nextHandler)
@@ -270,6 +271,7 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_RateLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			NewAPIRateLimiter(rateLimitConfig),
 			nil,
+			func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) bool { return false },
 		)
 
 		handler := authMiddleware.Handler(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -322,6 +324,7 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_RateLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			NewAPIRateLimiter(rateLimitConfig),
 			nil,
+			func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) bool { return false },
 		)
 
 		handler := authMiddleware.Handler(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -365,6 +368,7 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_RateLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			NewAPIRateLimiter(rateLimitConfig),
 			nil,
+			func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) bool { return false },
 		)
 
 		handler := authMiddleware.Handler(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -409,6 +413,7 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_RateLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			NewAPIRateLimiter(rateLimitConfig),
 			nil,
+			func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) bool { return false },
 		)
 
 		handler := authMiddleware.Handler(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -473,6 +478,7 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_RateLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			NewAPIRateLimiter(rateLimitConfig),
 			nil,
+			func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) bool { return false },
 		)
 
 		handler := authMiddleware.Handler(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -532,6 +538,7 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_RateLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			NewAPIRateLimiter(rateLimitConfig),
 			nil,
+			func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) bool { return false },
 		)
 
 		handler := authMiddleware.Handler(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -587,6 +594,7 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_RateLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			NewAPIRateLimiter(rateLimitConfig),
 			nil,
+			func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) bool { return false },
 		)
 
 		handler := authMiddleware.Handler(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -687,6 +695,7 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_Handler_Child(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		disabledLimiter,
 		nil,
+		func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) bool { return false },
 	)
 
 	for _, tc := range tt {
diff --git a/management/server/http/testing/testing_tools/channel/channel.go b/management/server/http/testing/testing_tools/channel/channel.go
index 3c4ea98d0..8da9c7ad4 100644
--- a/management/server/http/testing/testing_tools/channel/channel.go
+++ b/management/server/http/testing/testing_tools/channel/channel.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5"
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/noop"
@@ -135,7 +136,8 @@ func BuildApiBlackBoxWithDBState(t testing_tools.TB, sqlFile string, expectedPee
 	customZonesManager := zonesManager.NewManager(store, am, permissionsManager, "")
 	zoneRecordsManager := recordsManager.NewManager(store, am, permissionsManager)
 
-	apiHandler, err := http2.NewAPIHandler(context.Background(), am, networksManager, resourcesManager, routersManager, groupsManager, geoMock, authManagerMock, metrics, validatorMock, proxyController, permissionsManager, peersManager, settingsManager, customZonesManager, zoneRecordsManager, networkMapController, nil, serviceManager, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+	apiRouter := mux.NewRouter().PathPrefix("/api").Subrouter()
+	apiHandler, err := http2.NewAPIHandler(context.Background(), apiRouter, am, networksManager, resourcesManager, routersManager, groupsManager, geoMock, authManagerMock, metrics, permissionsManager, settingsManager, customZonesManager, zoneRecordsManager, networkMapController, nil, serviceManager, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create API handler: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -264,7 +266,8 @@ func BuildApiBlackBoxWithDBStateAndPeerChannel(t testing_tools.TB, sqlFile strin
 	customZonesManager := zonesManager.NewManager(store, am, permissionsManager, "")
 	zoneRecordsManager := recordsManager.NewManager(store, am, permissionsManager)
 
-	apiHandler, err := http2.NewAPIHandler(context.Background(), am, networksManager, resourcesManager, routersManager, groupsManager, geoMock, authManagerMock, metrics, validatorMock, proxyController, permissionsManager, peersManager, settingsManager, customZonesManager, zoneRecordsManager, networkMapController, nil, serviceManager, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+	apiRouter := mux.NewRouter().PathPrefix("/api").Subrouter()
+	apiHandler, err := http2.NewAPIHandler(context.Background(), apiRouter, am, networksManager, resourcesManager, routersManager, groupsManager, geoMock, authManagerMock, metrics, permissionsManager, settingsManager, customZonesManager, zoneRecordsManager, networkMapController, nil, serviceManager, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create API handler: %v", err)
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/identity_provider.go b/management/server/identity_provider.go
index f965f36b8..86bbcd893 100644
--- a/management/server/identity_provider.go
+++ b/management/server/identity_provider.go
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func validateIdentityProviderConfig(ctx context.Context, idpConfig *types.Identi
 
 // GetIdentityProviders returns all identity providers for an account
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetIdentityProviders(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*types.IdentityProvider, error) {
-	ok, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.IdentityProviders, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.IdentityProviders, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetIdentityProviders(ctx context.Context, accou
 
 // GetIdentityProvider returns a specific identity provider by ID
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetIdentityProvider(ctx context.Context, accountID, idpID, userID string) (*types.IdentityProvider, error) {
-	ok, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.IdentityProviders, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.IdentityProviders, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetIdentityProvider(ctx context.Context, accoun
 
 // CreateIdentityProvider creates a new identity provider
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateIdentityProvider(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, idpConfig *types.IdentityProvider) (*types.IdentityProvider, error) {
-	ok, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.IdentityProviders, operations.Create)
+	ok, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.IdentityProviders, operations.Create)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateIdentityProvider(ctx context.Context, acc
 
 // UpdateIdentityProvider updates an existing identity provider
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateIdentityProvider(ctx context.Context, accountID, idpID, userID string, idpConfig *types.IdentityProvider) (*types.IdentityProvider, error) {
-	ok, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.IdentityProviders, operations.Update)
+	ok, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.IdentityProviders, operations.Update)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateIdentityProvider(ctx context.Context, acc
 
 // DeleteIdentityProvider deletes an identity provider
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteIdentityProvider(ctx context.Context, accountID, idpID, userID string) error {
-	ok, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.IdentityProviders, operations.Delete)
+	ok, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.IdentityProviders, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator/validator.go b/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator/validator.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db1d34373
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator/validator.go
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package validator
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	cachestore "github.com/eko/gocache/lib/v4/store"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+type IntegratedValidatorImpl struct{}
+
+func NewIntegratedValidator(_ context.Context, _ peers.Manager, _ settings.Manager, _ activity.Store, _ cachestore.StoreInterface) (*IntegratedValidatorImpl, error) {
+	return &IntegratedValidatorImpl{}, nil
+}
+
+func (v *IntegratedValidatorImpl) ValidateExtraSettings(context.Context, *types.ExtraSettings, *types.ExtraSettings, string, string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (v *IntegratedValidatorImpl) ValidatePeer(_ context.Context, update *nbpeer.Peer, _ *nbpeer.Peer, _ string, _ string, _ string, _ []string, _ *types.ExtraSettings) (*nbpeer.Peer, bool, error) {
+	return update, false, nil
+}
+
+func (v *IntegratedValidatorImpl) PreparePeer(_ context.Context, _ string, peer *nbpeer.Peer, _ []string, _ *types.ExtraSettings, _ bool) *nbpeer.Peer {
+	return peer.Copy()
+}
+
+func (v *IntegratedValidatorImpl) IsNotValidPeer(_ context.Context, _ string, _ *nbpeer.Peer, _ []string, _ *types.ExtraSettings) (bool, bool, error) {
+	return false, false, nil
+}
+
+func (v *IntegratedValidatorImpl) GetValidatedPeers(_ context.Context, _ string, _ []*types.Group, peers []*nbpeer.Peer, _ *types.ExtraSettings) (map[string]struct{}, error) {
+	validatedPeers := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, p := range peers {
+		validatedPeers[p.ID] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	return validatedPeers, nil
+}
+
+func (v *IntegratedValidatorImpl) GetInvalidPeers(_ context.Context, _ string, _ *types.ExtraSettings) (map[string]string, error) {
+	return make(map[string]string), nil
+}
+
+func (v *IntegratedValidatorImpl) PeerDeleted(_ context.Context, _, _ string, _ *types.ExtraSettings) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (v *IntegratedValidatorImpl) SetPeerInvalidationListener(_ func(accountID string, peerIDs []string)) {
+}
+
+func (v *IntegratedValidatorImpl) Stop(_ context.Context) {
+}
+
+func (v *IntegratedValidatorImpl) ValidateFlowResponse(_ context.Context, _ string, flowResponse *proto.PKCEAuthorizationFlow) *proto.PKCEAuthorizationFlow {
+	return flowResponse
+}
diff --git a/management/server/metrics/selfhosted.go b/management/server/metrics/selfhosted.go
index 8732cf89f..efe50c88f 100644
--- a/management/server/metrics/selfhosted.go
+++ b/management/server/metrics/selfhosted.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	nbversion "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
 )
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ type DataSource interface {
 	GetAllAccounts(ctx context.Context) []*types.Account
 	GetStoreEngine() types.Engine
 	GetCustomDomainsCounts(ctx context.Context) (total int64, validated int64, err error)
+	GetProxyMetrics(ctx context.Context) (store.ProxyMetrics, error)
 }
 
 // ConnManager peer connection manager that holds state for current active connections
@@ -223,6 +225,12 @@ func (w *Worker) generateProperties(ctx context.Context) properties {
 		servicesAuthPassword      int
 		servicesAuthPin           int
 		servicesAuthOIDC          int
+		// Private-service signals — track adoption of NetBird-only mode
+		// (services backed by an embedded proxy peer + access groups).
+		servicesPrivate                int
+		servicesPrivateWithGroups      int
+		servicesPrivateAccessGroupsSum int
+		servicesWithDirectUpstream     int
 	)
 	start := time.Now()
 	metricsProperties := make(properties)
@@ -380,9 +388,31 @@ func (w *Worker) generateProperties(ctx context.Context) properties {
 			if service.Auth.BearerAuth != nil && service.Auth.BearerAuth.Enabled {
 				servicesAuthOIDC++
 			}
+
+			if service.Private {
+				servicesPrivate++
+				if len(service.AccessGroups) > 0 {
+					servicesPrivateWithGroups++
+				}
+				servicesPrivateAccessGroupsSum += len(service.AccessGroups)
+			}
+
+			for _, target := range service.Targets {
+				if target.Options.DirectUpstream {
+					servicesWithDirectUpstream++
+					break
+				}
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Proxy / BYOP cluster signals come from the proxies table aggregated
+	// across all accounts in a single store query; nil on FileStore.
+	proxyMetrics, err := w.dataSource.GetProxyMetrics(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("collect proxy metrics: %v", err)
+	}
+
 	minActivePeerVersion, maxActivePeerVersion := getMinMaxVersion(peerActiveVersions)
 	metricsProperties["uptime"] = uptime
 	metricsProperties["accounts"] = accounts
@@ -430,6 +460,15 @@ func (w *Worker) generateProperties(ctx context.Context) properties {
 	metricsProperties["services_auth_password"] = servicesAuthPassword
 	metricsProperties["services_auth_pin"] = servicesAuthPin
 	metricsProperties["services_auth_oidc"] = servicesAuthOIDC
+	metricsProperties["services_private"] = servicesPrivate
+	metricsProperties["services_private_with_access_groups"] = servicesPrivateWithGroups
+	metricsProperties["services_private_access_groups_sum"] = servicesPrivateAccessGroupsSum
+	metricsProperties["services_with_direct_upstream"] = servicesWithDirectUpstream
+	metricsProperties["proxy_clusters"] = proxyMetrics.Clusters
+	metricsProperties["proxy_clusters_byop"] = proxyMetrics.ClustersBYOP
+	metricsProperties["proxy_clusters_private"] = proxyMetrics.ClustersPrivate
+	metricsProperties["proxies"] = proxyMetrics.Proxies
+	metricsProperties["proxies_connected"] = proxyMetrics.ProxiesConnected
 	metricsProperties["custom_domains"] = customDomains
 	metricsProperties["custom_domains_validated"] = customDomainsValidated
 
diff --git a/management/server/metrics/selfhosted_test.go b/management/server/metrics/selfhosted_test.go
index 78f5c53be..ca9e10262 100644
--- a/management/server/metrics/selfhosted_test.go
+++ b/management/server/metrics/selfhosted_test.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	networkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/types"
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 )
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ func (mockDatasource) GetAllAccounts(_ context.Context) []*types.Account {
 					Enabled: true,
 					Targets: []*rpservice.Target{
 						{TargetType: "peer"},
-						{TargetType: "host"},
+						{TargetType: "host", Options: rpservice.TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}},
 					},
 					Auth: rpservice.AuthConfig{
 						PasswordAuth: &rpservice.PasswordAuthConfig{Enabled: true},
@@ -141,6 +142,16 @@ func (mockDatasource) GetAllAccounts(_ context.Context) []*types.Account {
 					},
 					Meta: rpservice.Meta{Status: string(rpservice.StatusPending)},
 				},
+				{
+					ID:           "svc3-private",
+					Enabled:      true,
+					Private:      true,
+					AccessGroups: []string{"grp-eng", "grp-ops"},
+					Targets: []*rpservice.Target{
+						{TargetType: "cluster", Options: rpservice.TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}},
+					},
+					Meta: rpservice.Meta{Status: string(rpservice.StatusActive)},
+				},
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -254,6 +265,18 @@ func (mockDatasource) GetCustomDomainsCounts(_ context.Context) (int64, int64, e
 	return 3, 2, nil
 }
 
+// GetProxyMetrics returns canned proxy/cluster counts so the
+// generateProperties test can assert the BYOP signals end-to-end.
+func (mockDatasource) GetProxyMetrics(_ context.Context) (store.ProxyMetrics, error) {
+	return store.ProxyMetrics{
+		Clusters:         3,
+		ClustersBYOP:     1,
+		ClustersPrivate:  1,
+		Proxies:          4,
+		ProxiesConnected: 2,
+	}, nil
+}
+
 // TestGenerateProperties tests and validate the properties generation by using the mockDatasource for the Worker.generateProperties
 func TestGenerateProperties(t *testing.T) {
 	ds := mockDatasource{}
@@ -393,17 +416,17 @@ func TestGenerateProperties(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("expected 3 embedded_idp_count, got %v", properties["embedded_idp_count"])
 	}
 
-	if properties["services"] != 2 {
-		t.Errorf("expected 2 services, got %v", properties["services"])
+	if properties["services"] != 3 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 3 services, got %v", properties["services"])
 	}
-	if properties["services_enabled"] != 1 {
-		t.Errorf("expected 1 services_enabled, got %v", properties["services_enabled"])
+	if properties["services_enabled"] != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 2 services_enabled, got %v", properties["services_enabled"])
 	}
-	if properties["services_targets"] != 3 {
-		t.Errorf("expected 3 services_targets, got %v", properties["services_targets"])
+	if properties["services_targets"] != 4 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 4 services_targets, got %v", properties["services_targets"])
 	}
-	if properties["services_status_active"] != 1 {
-		t.Errorf("expected 1 services_status_active, got %v", properties["services_status_active"])
+	if properties["services_status_active"] != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 2 services_status_active, got %v", properties["services_status_active"])
 	}
 	if properties["services_status_pending"] != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("expected 1 services_status_pending, got %v", properties["services_status_pending"])
@@ -420,6 +443,9 @@ func TestGenerateProperties(t *testing.T) {
 	if properties["services_target_type_domain"] != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("expected 1 services_target_type_domain, got %v", properties["services_target_type_domain"])
 	}
+	if properties["services_target_type_cluster"] != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 services_target_type_cluster, got %v", properties["services_target_type_cluster"])
+	}
 	if properties["services_auth_password"] != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("expected 1 services_auth_password, got %v", properties["services_auth_password"])
 	}
@@ -429,6 +455,33 @@ func TestGenerateProperties(t *testing.T) {
 	if properties["services_auth_pin"] != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("expected 0 services_auth_pin, got %v", properties["services_auth_pin"])
 	}
+	if properties["services_private"] != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 services_private, got %v", properties["services_private"])
+	}
+	if properties["services_private_with_access_groups"] != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 services_private_with_access_groups, got %v", properties["services_private_with_access_groups"])
+	}
+	if properties["services_private_access_groups_sum"] != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 2 services_private_access_groups_sum, got %v", properties["services_private_access_groups_sum"])
+	}
+	if properties["services_with_direct_upstream"] != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 2 services_with_direct_upstream, got %v", properties["services_with_direct_upstream"])
+	}
+	if properties["proxy_clusters"] != int64(3) {
+		t.Errorf("expected 3 proxy_clusters, got %v", properties["proxy_clusters"])
+	}
+	if properties["proxy_clusters_byop"] != int64(1) {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 proxy_clusters_byop, got %v", properties["proxy_clusters_byop"])
+	}
+	if properties["proxy_clusters_private"] != int64(1) {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 proxy_clusters_private, got %v", properties["proxy_clusters_private"])
+	}
+	if properties["proxies"] != int64(4) {
+		t.Errorf("expected 4 proxies, got %v", properties["proxies"])
+	}
+	if properties["proxies_connected"] != int64(2) {
+		t.Errorf("expected 2 proxies_connected, got %v", properties["proxies_connected"])
+	}
 	if properties["custom_domains"] != int64(3) {
 		t.Errorf("expected 3 custom_domains, got %v", properties["custom_domains"])
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/mock_server/account_mock.go b/management/server/mock_server/account_mock.go
index aba408184..32549a521 100644
--- a/management/server/mock_server/account_mock.go
+++ b/management/server/mock_server/account_mock.go
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ type MockAccountManager struct {
 	GetPeerFunc                           func(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID, userID string) (*nbpeer.Peer, error)
 	UpdateAccountSettingsFunc             func(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, newSettings *types.Settings) (*types.Settings, error)
 	LoginPeerFunc                         func(ctx context.Context, login types.PeerLogin) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, error)
+	ExtendPeerSessionFunc                 func(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey, userID string) (time.Time, error)
 	SyncPeerFunc                          func(ctx context.Context, sync types.PeerSync, accountID string) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, int64, error)
 	InviteUserFunc                        func(ctx context.Context, accountID string, initiatorUserID string, targetUserEmail string) error
 	ApproveUserFunc                       func(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID string) (*types.UserInfo, error)
@@ -860,6 +861,14 @@ func (am *MockAccountManager) LoginPeer(ctx context.Context, login types.PeerLog
 	return nil, nil, nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method LoginPeer is not implemented")
 }
 
+// ExtendPeerSession mocks ExtendPeerSession of the AccountManager interface
+func (am *MockAccountManager) ExtendPeerSession(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey, userID string) (time.Time, error) {
+	if am.ExtendPeerSessionFunc != nil {
+		return am.ExtendPeerSessionFunc(ctx, peerPubKey, userID)
+	}
+	return time.Time{}, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ExtendPeerSession is not implemented")
+}
+
 // SyncPeer mocks SyncPeer of the AccountManager interface
 func (am *MockAccountManager) SyncPeer(ctx context.Context, sync types.PeerSync, accountID string) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, int64, error) {
 	if am.SyncPeerFunc != nil {
diff --git a/management/server/nameserver.go b/management/server/nameserver.go
index 5859bfb0d..c836fefeb 100644
--- a/management/server/nameserver.go
+++ b/management/server/nameserver.go
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ var errInvalidDomainName = errors.New("invalid domain name")
 
 // GetNameServerGroup gets a nameserver group object from account and nameserver group IDs
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, nsGroupID string) (*nbdns.NameServerGroup, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Nameservers, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Nameservers, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, account
 
 // CreateNameServerGroup creates and saves a new nameserver group
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID string, name, description string, nameServerList []nbdns.NameServer, groups []string, primary bool, domains []string, enabled bool, userID string, searchDomainEnabled bool) (*nbdns.NameServerGroup, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Nameservers, operations.Create)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Nameservers, operations.Create)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, accoun
 		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "nameserver group provided is nil")
 	}
 
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Nameservers, operations.Update)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Nameservers, operations.Update)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, accoun
 
 // DeleteNameServerGroup deletes nameserver group with nsGroupID
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, nsGroupID, userID string) error {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Nameservers, operations.Delete)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Nameservers, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, acco
 
 // ListNameServerGroups returns a list of nameserver groups from account
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) ListNameServerGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string, userID string) ([]*nbdns.NameServerGroup, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Nameservers, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Nameservers, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/networks/manager.go b/management/server/networks/manager.go
index c96b60bb2..f825ae015 100644
--- a/management/server/networks/manager.go
+++ b/management/server/networks/manager.go
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ func NewManager(store store.Store, permissionsManager permissions.Manager, resou
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) GetAllNetworks(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*types.Network, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetAllNetworks(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID stri
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) CreateNetwork(ctx context.Context, userID string, network *types.Network) (*types.Network, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, network.AccountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Create)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, network.AccountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Create)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) CreateNetwork(ctx context.Context, userID string, network
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) GetNetwork(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, networkID string) (*types.Network, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetNetwork(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, network
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) UpdateNetwork(ctx context.Context, userID string, network *types.Network) (*types.Network, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, network.AccountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Update)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, network.AccountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Update)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) UpdateNetwork(ctx context.Context, userID string, network
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) DeleteNetwork(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, networkID string) error {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Delete)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/networks/resources/manager.go b/management/server/networks/resources/manager.go
index 5a0e26533..51a269163 100644
--- a/management/server/networks/resources/manager.go
+++ b/management/server/networks/resources/manager.go
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func NewManager(store store.Store, permissionsManager permissions.Manager, group
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) GetAllResourcesInNetwork(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, networkID string) ([]*types.NetworkResource, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetAllResourcesInNetwork(ctx context.Context, accountID, u
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) GetAllResourcesInAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*types.NetworkResource, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetAllResourcesInAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID, u
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) GetAllResourceIDsInAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) (map[string][]string, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetAllResourceIDsInAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID,
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) CreateResource(ctx context.Context, userID string, resource *types.NetworkResource) (*types.NetworkResource, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, resource.AccountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Create)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, resource.AccountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Create)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) CreateResource(ctx context.Context, userID string, resourc
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) GetResource(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, networkID, resourceID string) (*types.NetworkResource, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetResource(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, networ
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) UpdateResource(ctx context.Context, userID string, resource *types.NetworkResource) (*types.NetworkResource, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, resource.AccountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Update)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, resource.AccountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Update)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) updateResourceGroups(ctx context.Context, transaction stor
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) DeleteResource(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, networkID, resourceID string) error {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Delete)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/networks/routers/manager.go b/management/server/networks/routers/manager.go
index ed5b0e558..9fa2b95f7 100644
--- a/management/server/networks/routers/manager.go
+++ b/management/server/networks/routers/manager.go
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func NewManager(store store.Store, permissionsManager permissions.Manager, accou
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) GetAllRoutersInNetwork(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, networkID string) ([]*types.NetworkRouter, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetAllRoutersInNetwork(ctx context.Context, accountID, use
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) GetAllRoutersInAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) (map[string][]*types.NetworkRouter, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetAllRoutersInAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID, use
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) CreateRouter(ctx context.Context, userID string, router *types.NetworkRouter) (*types.NetworkRouter, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, router.AccountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Create)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, router.AccountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Create)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) CreateRouter(ctx context.Context, userID string, router *t
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) GetRouter(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, networkID, routerID string) (*types.NetworkRouter, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Read)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetRouter(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, networkI
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) UpdateRouter(ctx context.Context, userID string, router *types.NetworkRouter) (*types.NetworkRouter, error) {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, router.AccountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Update)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, router.AccountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Update)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) UpdateRouter(ctx context.Context, userID string, router *t
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) DeleteRouter(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, networkID, routerID string) error {
-	ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Delete)
+	ok, ctx, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Networks, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/peer.go b/management/server/peer.go
index 34b681f51..d4e3ebb49 100644
--- a/management/server/peer.go
+++ b/management/server/peer.go
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import (
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
 )
 
 const remoteJobsMinVer = "0.64.0"
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Peers, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Peers, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -125,6 +126,18 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) MarkPeerConnected(ctx context.Context, peerPubK
 		}
 	}
 
+	// An embedded proxy peer flipping to connected is the trigger for
+	// SynthesizePrivateServiceZones to emit DNS A records pointing at its
+	// tunnel IP. Without an account-wide netmap recompute, user peers keep
+	// the stale synth (or no synth at all on first connect) until some
+	// other change pokes the controller. Fire OnPeersUpdated so the
+	// buffered recompute fans the new state out to every peer.
+	if peer.ProxyMeta.Embedded {
+		if err := am.networkMapController.OnPeersUpdated(ctx, accountID, []string{peer.ID}); err != nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("notify network map controller of embedded proxy %s connect: %v", peer.ID, err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -160,6 +173,17 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) MarkPeerDisconnected(ctx context.Context, peerP
 		return nil
 	}
 	am.metrics.AccountManagerMetrics().CountPeerStatusUpdate(telemetry.PeerStatusDisconnect, telemetry.PeerStatusApplied)
+
+	// Symmetric with MarkPeerConnected: when an embedded proxy peer goes
+	// offline, drive an account-wide netmap recompute so the synthesized
+	// DNS records that pointed at it are pulled. Without this the records
+	// linger client-side at TTL until something else triggers a refresh.
+	if peer.ProxyMeta.Embedded {
+		if err := am.networkMapController.OnPeersUpdated(ctx, accountID, []string{peer.ID}); err != nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("notify network map controller of embedded proxy %s disconnect: %v", peer.ID, err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -186,7 +210,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) updatePeerLocationIfChanged(ctx context.Context
 
 // UpdatePeer updates peer. Only Peer.Name, Peer.SSHEnabled, Peer.LoginExpirationEnabled and Peer.InactivityExpirationEnabled can be updated.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdatePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, update *nbpeer.Peer) (*nbpeer.Peer, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Peers, operations.Update)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Peers, operations.Update)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -331,7 +355,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdatePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, user
 }
 
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreatePeerJob(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID, userID string, job *types.Job) error {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.RemoteJobs, operations.Create)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.RemoteJobs, operations.Create)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -349,7 +373,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreatePeerJob(ctx context.Context, accountID, p
 	}
 
 	meetMinVer, err := posture.MeetsMinVersion(remoteJobsMinVer, p.Meta.WtVersion)
-	if !strings.Contains(p.Meta.WtVersion, "dev") && (!meetMinVer || err != nil) {
+	if !version.IsDevelopmentVersion(p.Meta.WtVersion) && (!meetMinVer || err != nil) {
 		return status.Errorf(status.PreconditionFailed, "peer version %s does not meet the minimum required version %s for remote jobs", p.Meta.WtVersion, remoteJobsMinVer)
 	}
 
@@ -407,7 +431,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreatePeerJob(ctx context.Context, accountID, p
 
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetAllPeerJobs(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, peerID string) ([]*types.Job, error) {
 	// todo: Create permissions for job
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.RemoteJobs, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.RemoteJobs, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -433,7 +457,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetAllPeerJobs(ctx context.Context, accountID,
 }
 
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetPeerJobByID(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, peerID, jobID string) (*types.Job, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.RemoteJobs, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.RemoteJobs, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -460,7 +484,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetPeerJobByID(ctx context.Context, accountID,
 
 // DeletePeer removes peer from the account by its IP
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeletePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID, userID string) error {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Peers, operations.Delete)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Peers, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -620,7 +644,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) handleUserAddedPeer(ctx context.Context, accoun
 	}
 
 	if temporary {
-		allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Peers, operations.Create)
+		allowed, _, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Peers, operations.Create)
 		if err != nil {
 			return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 		}
@@ -1128,6 +1152,79 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) LoginPeer(ctx context.Context, login types.Peer
 	return p, nmap, pc, err
 }
 
+// ExtendPeerSession refreshes the peer's SSO session deadline by updating
+// LastLogin after a successful JWT validation. The tunnel is untouched: no
+// network map sync, no peer reconnect.
+//
+// Preconditions enforced here:
+//   - userID must be present (caller validated the JWT and extracted the user ID).
+//   - The peer must exist and be SSO-registered (AddedWithSSOLogin) with
+//     LoginExpirationEnabled.
+//   - Account-level PeerLoginExpirationEnabled must be true.
+//   - The JWT user must match peer.UserID (mirrors LoginPeer at peer.go ~1028).
+//
+// Returns the new absolute UTC deadline.
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) ExtendPeerSession(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey, userID string) (time.Time, error) {
+	if userID == "" {
+		return time.Time{}, status.Errorf(status.PermissionDenied, "session extend requires a JWT")
+	}
+
+	accountID, err := am.Store.GetAccountIDByPeerPubKey(ctx, peerPubKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return time.Time{}, err
+	}
+
+	settings, err := am.Store.GetAccountSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return time.Time{}, err
+	}
+	if !settings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled {
+		return time.Time{}, status.Errorf(status.PreconditionFailed, "peer login expiration is disabled for the account")
+	}
+
+	var refreshed *nbpeer.Peer
+	err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
+		peer, err := transaction.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, peerPubKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if !peer.AddedWithSSOLogin() || !peer.LoginExpirationEnabled {
+			return status.Errorf(status.PreconditionFailed, "peer is not eligible for session extension")
+		}
+
+		if peer.UserID != userID {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("user mismatch when extending session for peer %s: peer user %s, jwt user %s", peer.ID, peer.UserID, userID)
+			return status.NewPeerLoginMismatchError()
+		}
+
+		peer = peer.UpdateLastLogin()
+		if err := transaction.SavePeer(ctx, accountID, peer); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if err := transaction.SaveUserLastLogin(ctx, accountID, userID, peer.GetLastLogin()); err != nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("failed to update user last login during session extend: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, peer.ID, accountID, activity.UserExtendedPeerSession, peer.EventMeta(am.networkMapController.GetDNSDomain(settings)))
+		refreshed = peer
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return time.Time{}, err
+	}
+
+	// Reschedule the per-account expiration job. schedulePeerLoginExpiration
+	// is a no-op when a job is already running, but the running job will pick
+	// up the new LastLogin on its next tick. Calling it here is harmless and
+	// guarantees a job is in flight even if a prior one ended right before
+	// the extend.
+	am.schedulePeerLoginExpiration(ctx, accountID)
+
+	return refreshed.SessionExpiresAt(settings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled, settings.PeerLoginExpiration), nil
+}
+
 // getPeerPostureChecks returns the posture checks for the peer.
 func getPeerPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID, peerID string) ([]*posture.Checks, error) {
 	policies, err := transaction.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
@@ -1283,7 +1380,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID,
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Peers, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Peers, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/peer/peer.go b/management/server/peer/peer.go
index 6294d1c0a..e5475c07d 100644
--- a/management/server/peer/peer.go
+++ b/management/server/peer/peer.go
@@ -367,6 +367,22 @@ func (p *Peer) LoginExpired(expiresIn time.Duration) (bool, time.Duration) {
 	return timeLeft <= 0, timeLeft
 }
 
+// SessionExpiresAt returns the absolute UTC instant at which the peer's SSO
+// session expires, derived from LastLogin and the account-level
+// PeerLoginExpiration setting. Returns the zero value when login expiration
+// does not apply (peer not SSO-registered, peer-level toggle off, or account
+// expiry disabled). Callers should treat the zero value as "no deadline".
+func (p *Peer) SessionExpiresAt(accountExpirationEnabled bool, expiresIn time.Duration) time.Time {
+	if !accountExpirationEnabled || !p.AddedWithSSOLogin() || !p.LoginExpirationEnabled {
+		return time.Time{}
+	}
+	last := p.GetLastLogin()
+	if last.IsZero() {
+		return time.Time{}
+	}
+	return last.Add(expiresIn).UTC()
+}
+
 // FQDN returns peers FQDN combined of the peer's DNS label and the system's DNS domain
 func (p *Peer) FQDN(dnsDomain string) string {
 	if dnsDomain == "" {
diff --git a/management/server/permissions/manager.go b/management/server/permissions/manager.go
index e6bdd2025..995f234d8 100644
--- a/management/server/permissions/manager.go
+++ b/management/server/permissions/manager.go
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	nbcontext "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/context"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/permissions/modules"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/permissions/operations"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/permissions/roles"
@@ -18,9 +19,9 @@ import (
 )
 
 type Manager interface {
-	ValidateUserPermissions(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, module modules.Module, operation operations.Operation) (bool, error)
+	ValidateUserPermissions(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, module modules.Module, operation operations.Operation) (bool, context.Context, error)
 	ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx context.Context, accountID string, role roles.RolePermissions, module modules.Module, operation operations.Operation) bool
-	ValidateAccountAccess(ctx context.Context, accountID string, user *types.User, allowOwnerAndAdmin bool) error
+	ValidateAccountAccess(ctx context.Context, accountID string, user *types.User, allowOwnerAndAdmin bool) (context.Context, error)
 
 	GetPermissionsByRole(ctx context.Context, role types.UserRole) (roles.Permissions, error)
 	SetAccountManager(accountManager account.Manager)
@@ -42,42 +43,43 @@ func (m *managerImpl) ValidateUserPermissions(
 	userID string,
 	module modules.Module,
 	operation operations.Operation,
-) (bool, error) {
+) (bool, context.Context, error) {
 	if userID == activity.SystemInitiator {
-		return true, nil
+		return true, ctx, nil
 	}
 
 	user, err := m.store.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, userID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
+		return false, ctx, err
 	}
 
 	if user == nil {
-		return false, status.NewUserNotFoundError(userID)
+		return false, ctx, status.NewUserNotFoundError(userID)
 	}
 
 	if user.IsBlocked() && !user.PendingApproval {
-		return false, status.NewUserBlockedError()
+		return false, ctx, status.NewUserBlockedError()
 	}
 
 	if user.IsBlocked() && user.PendingApproval {
-		return false, status.NewUserPendingApprovalError()
+		return false, ctx, status.NewUserPendingApprovalError()
 	}
 
-	if err := m.ValidateAccountAccess(ctx, accountID, user, false); err != nil {
-		return false, err
+	ctxEnriched, err := m.ValidateAccountAccess(ctx, accountID, user, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, ctx, err
 	}
 
 	if operation == operations.Read && user.IsServiceUser {
-		return true, nil // this should be replaced by proper granular access role
+		return true, ctxEnriched, nil // this should be replaced by proper granular access role
 	}
 
 	role, ok := roles.RolesMap[user.Role]
 	if !ok {
-		return false, status.NewUserRoleNotFoundError(string(user.Role))
+		return false, ctxEnriched, status.NewUserRoleNotFoundError(string(user.Role))
 	}
 
-	return m.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, accountID, role, module, operation), nil
+	return m.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, accountID, role, module, operation), ctxEnriched, nil
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) ValidateRoleModuleAccess(
@@ -98,11 +100,14 @@ func (m *managerImpl) ValidateRoleModuleAccess(
 	return role.AutoAllowNew[operation]
 }
 
-func (m *managerImpl) ValidateAccountAccess(ctx context.Context, accountID string, user *types.User, allowOwnerAndAdmin bool) error {
+func (m *managerImpl) ValidateAccountAccess(ctx context.Context, accountID string, user *types.User, allowOwnerAndAdmin bool) (context.Context, error) {
 	if user.AccountID != accountID {
-		return status.NewUserNotPartOfAccountError()
+		return ctx, status.NewUserNotPartOfAccountError()
 	}
-	return nil
+
+	ctx = nbcontext.WithRole(ctx, string(user.Role))
+
+	return ctx, nil
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) GetPermissionsByRole(ctx context.Context, role types.UserRole) (roles.Permissions, error) {
diff --git a/management/server/permissions/manager_mock.go b/management/server/permissions/manager_mock.go
index ec9f263f9..934e33398 100644
--- a/management/server/permissions/manager_mock.go
+++ b/management/server/permissions/manager_mock.go
@@ -67,11 +67,12 @@ func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SetAccountManager(accountManager interface{})
 }
 
 // ValidateAccountAccess mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) ValidateAccountAccess(ctx context.Context, accountID string, user *types.User, allowOwnerAndAdmin bool) error {
+func (m *MockManager) ValidateAccountAccess(ctx context.Context, accountID string, user *types.User, allowOwnerAndAdmin bool) (context.Context, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "ValidateAccountAccess", ctx, accountID, user, allowOwnerAndAdmin)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
-	return ret0
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(context.Context)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // ValidateAccountAccess indicates an expected call of ValidateAccountAccess.
@@ -95,12 +96,13 @@ func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, accountID, role
 }
 
 // ValidateUserPermissions mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) ValidateUserPermissions(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, module modules.Module, operation operations.Operation) (bool, error) {
+func (m *MockManager) ValidateUserPermissions(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, module modules.Module, operation operations.Operation) (bool, context.Context, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "ValidateUserPermissions", ctx, accountID, userID, module, operation)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(bool)
-	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
-	return ret0, ret1
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(context.Context)
+	ret2, _ := ret[2].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1, ret2
 }
 
 // ValidateUserPermissions indicates an expected call of ValidateUserPermissions.
diff --git a/management/server/policy.go b/management/server/policy.go
index 40f3908e3..d67b3206e 100644
--- a/management/server/policy.go
+++ b/management/server/policy.go
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import (
 
 // GetPolicy from the store
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetPolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, policyID, userID string) (*types.Policy, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Policies, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Policies, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SavePolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, user
 	if !create {
 		operation = operations.Update
 	}
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Policies, operation)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Policies, operation)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SavePolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, user
 
 // DeletePolicy from the store
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeletePolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, policyID, userID string) error {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Policies, operations.Delete)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Policies, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeletePolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, po
 
 // ListPolicies from the store.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) ListPolicies(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*types.Policy, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Policies, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Policies, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/posture/nb_version.go b/management/server/posture/nb_version.go
index 33bf01ad1..6e4757021 100644
--- a/management/server/posture/nb_version.go
+++ b/management/server/posture/nb_version.go
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-version"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 )
@@ -33,9 +32,6 @@ func (n *NBVersionCheck) Check(ctx context.Context, peer nbpeer.Peer) (bool, err
 		return true, nil
 	}
 
-	log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("peer %s NB version %s is older than minimum allowed version %s",
-		peer.ID, peer.Meta.WtVersion, n.MinVersion)
-
 	return false, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/management/server/posture/os_version.go b/management/server/posture/os_version.go
index 2ef97a066..724bebfcc 100644
--- a/management/server/posture/os_version.go
+++ b/management/server/posture/os_version.go
@@ -100,8 +100,6 @@ func checkMinVersion(ctx context.Context, peerGoOS, peerVersion string, check *M
 		return true, nil
 	}
 
-	log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("peer %s OS version %s is older than minimum allowed version %s", peerGoOS, peerVersion, check.MinVersion)
-
 	return false, nil
 }
 
@@ -125,7 +123,5 @@ func checkMinKernelVersion(ctx context.Context, peerGoOS, peerVersion string, ch
 		return true, nil
 	}
 
-	log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("peer %s kernel version %s is older than minimum allowed version %s", peerGoOS, peerVersion, check.MinKernelVersion)
-
 	return false, nil
 }
diff --git a/management/server/posture_checks.go b/management/server/posture_checks.go
index 1e3ce4b8a..56a732bf5 100644
--- a/management/server/posture_checks.go
+++ b/management/server/posture_checks.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountID, postureChecksID, userID string) (*posture.Checks, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Policies, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Policies, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SavePostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountI
 	if !create {
 		operation = operations.Update
 	}
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Policies, operation)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Policies, operation)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SavePostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountI
 
 // DeletePostureChecks deletes a posture check by ID.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeletePostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountID, postureChecksID, userID string) error {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Policies, operations.Delete)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Policies, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeletePostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accoun
 
 // ListPostureChecks returns a list of posture checks.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) ListPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*posture.Checks, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Policies, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Policies, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/route.go b/management/server/route.go
index a9561faf0..8fd1cb02a 100644
--- a/management/server/route.go
+++ b/management/server/route.go
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 
 // GetRoute gets a route object from account and route IDs
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID string, routeID route.ID, userID string) (*route.Route, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Routes, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Routes, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ func getRouteDescriptor(prefix netip.Prefix, domains domain.List) string {
 
 // CreateRoute creates and saves a new route
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID string, prefix netip.Prefix, networkType route.NetworkType, domains domain.List, peerID string, peerGroupIDs []string, description string, netID route.NetID, masquerade bool, metric int, groups, accessControlGroupIDs []string, enabled bool, userID string, keepRoute bool, skipAutoApply bool) (*route.Route, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Routes, operations.Create)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Routes, operations.Create)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID stri
 
 // SaveRoute saves route
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, routeToSave *route.Route) error {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Routes, operations.Update)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Routes, operations.Update)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID, userI
 
 // DeleteRoute deletes route with routeID
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID string, routeID route.ID, userID string) error {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Routes, operations.Delete)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Routes, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID stri
 
 // ListRoutes returns a list of routes from account
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) ListRoutes(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*route.Route, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Routes, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Routes, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/settings/manager.go b/management/server/settings/manager.go
index 345d857f9..f84739193 100644
--- a/management/server/settings/manager.go
+++ b/management/server/settings/manager.go
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetExtraSettingsManager() extra_settings.Manager {
 
 func (m *managerImpl) GetSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) (*types.Settings, error) {
 	if userID != activity.SystemInitiator {
-		ok, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Settings, operations.Read)
+		ok, _, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Settings, operations.Read)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 		}
diff --git a/management/server/setupkey.go b/management/server/setupkey.go
index 8d0509871..cfc44377d 100644
--- a/management/server/setupkey.go
+++ b/management/server/setupkey.go
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ type SetupKeyUpdateOperation struct {
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateSetupKey(ctx context.Context, accountID string, keyName string, keyType types.SetupKeyType,
 	expiresIn time.Duration, autoGroups []string, usageLimit int, userID string, ephemeral bool, allowExtraDNSLabels bool) (*types.SetupKey, error) {
 
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.SetupKeys, operations.Create)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.SetupKeys, operations.Create)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveSetupKey(ctx context.Context, accountID str
 		return nil, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "provided setup key to update is nil")
 	}
 
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.SetupKeys, operations.Update)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.SetupKeys, operations.Update)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveSetupKey(ctx context.Context, accountID str
 
 // ListSetupKeys returns a list of all setup keys of the account
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) ListSetupKeys(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*types.SetupKey, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.SetupKeys, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.SetupKeys, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) ListSetupKeys(ctx context.Context, accountID, u
 
 // GetSetupKey looks up a SetupKey by KeyID, returns NotFound error if not found.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetSetupKey(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, keyID string) (*types.SetupKey, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.SetupKeys, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.SetupKeys, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetSetupKey(ctx context.Context, accountID, use
 
 // DeleteSetupKey removes the setup key from the account
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteSetupKey(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, keyID string) error {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.SetupKeys, operations.Delete)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.SetupKeys, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/store/file_store.go b/management/server/store/file_store.go
index 81185b020..bcf563cd0 100644
--- a/management/server/store/file_store.go
+++ b/management/server/store/file_store.go
@@ -274,3 +274,9 @@ func (s *FileStore) SetFieldEncrypt(_ *crypt.FieldEncrypt) {
 func (s *FileStore) GetCustomDomainsCounts(_ context.Context) (int64, int64, error) {
 	return 0, 0, nil
 }
+
+// GetProxyMetrics is a no-op for FileStore — proxy/cluster state isn't
+// persisted in the JSON file format.
+func (s *FileStore) GetProxyMetrics(_ context.Context) (ProxyMetrics, error) {
+	return ProxyMetrics{}, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/server/store/sql_store.go b/management/server/store/sql_store.go
index 279c0e21f..b6691ac79 100644
--- a/management/server/store/sql_store.go
+++ b/management/server/store/sql_store.go
@@ -1090,6 +1090,38 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetCustomDomainsCounts(ctx context.Context) (int64, int64, er
 	return total, validated, nil
 }
 
+// GetProxyMetrics aggregates per-cluster + per-proxy counts for the
+// self-hosted telemetry payload. Single round-trip via conditional
+// aggregations so a large proxies table doesn't fan out into multiple
+// queries.
+func (s *SqlStore) GetProxyMetrics(ctx context.Context) (ProxyMetrics, error) {
+	var m ProxyMetrics
+	activeCutoff := time.Now().Add(-proxyActiveThreshold)
+
+	// COUNT(DISTINCT ... CASE WHEN ...) is portable across sqlite/postgres
+	// (MySQL too) and keeps the round-trip to one. proxy.StatusConnected
+	// is the same string the cluster-capability queries use; the active
+	// window matches the cluster-capability semantics (only proxies
+	// heartbeating within ~2 * heartbeat interval count as connected).
+	row := s.db.WithContext(ctx).
+		Model(&proxy.Proxy{}).
+		Select(
+			"COUNT(DISTINCT cluster_address) AS clusters, "+
+				"COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN account_id IS NOT NULL THEN cluster_address END) AS clusters_byop, "+
+				"COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN private = ? THEN cluster_address END) AS clusters_private, "+
+				"COUNT(*) AS proxies, "+
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN status = ? AND last_seen > ? THEN 1 END) AS proxies_connected",
+			true,
+			proxy.StatusConnected,
+			activeCutoff,
+		).
+		Row()
+	if err := row.Scan(&m.Clusters, &m.ClustersBYOP, &m.ClustersPrivate, &m.Proxies, &m.ProxiesConnected); err != nil {
+		return ProxyMetrics{}, fmt.Errorf("scan proxy metrics: %w", err)
+	}
+	return m, nil
+}
+
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAllAccounts(ctx context.Context) (all []*types.Account) {
 	var accounts []types.Account
 	result := s.db.Find(&accounts)
@@ -2178,7 +2210,8 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getServices(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*rpserv
 	const serviceQuery = `SELECT id, account_id, name, domain, enabled, auth,
 		meta_created_at, meta_certificate_issued_at, meta_status, proxy_cluster,
 		pass_host_header, rewrite_redirects, session_private_key, session_public_key,
-		mode, listen_port, port_auto_assigned, source, source_peer, terminated
+		mode, listen_port, port_auto_assigned, source, source_peer, terminated,
+		private, access_groups
 		FROM services WHERE account_id = $1`
 
 	const targetsQuery = `SELECT id, account_id, service_id, path, host, port, protocol,
@@ -2193,10 +2226,11 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getServices(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*rpserv
 	services, err := pgx.CollectRows(serviceRows, func(row pgx.CollectableRow) (*rpservice.Service, error) {
 		var s rpservice.Service
 		var auth []byte
+		var accessGroups []byte
 		var createdAt, certIssuedAt sql.NullTime
 		var status, proxyCluster, sessionPrivateKey, sessionPublicKey sql.NullString
 		var mode, source, sourcePeer sql.NullString
-		var terminated, portAutoAssigned sql.NullBool
+		var terminated, portAutoAssigned, private sql.NullBool
 		var listenPort sql.NullInt64
 		err := row.Scan(
 			&s.ID,
@@ -2219,6 +2253,8 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getServices(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*rpserv
 			&source,
 			&sourcePeer,
 			&terminated,
+			&private,
+			&accessGroups,
 		)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
@@ -2230,6 +2266,16 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getServices(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*rpserv
 			}
 		}
 
+		if len(accessGroups) > 0 {
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(accessGroups, &s.AccessGroups); err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal access_groups: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if private.Valid {
+			s.Private = private.Bool
+		}
+
 		s.Meta = rpservice.Meta{}
 		if createdAt.Valid {
 			s.Meta.CreatedAt = createdAt.Time
@@ -4688,7 +4734,13 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetPeerByIP(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength
 	result := tx.
 		Take(&peer, fmt.Sprintf("account_id = ? AND %s = ?", column), accountID, jsonValue)
 	if result.Error != nil {
-		// no logging here
+		// A tunnel-IP miss is an expected outcome (e.g. the proxy's
+		// ValidateTunnelPeer probing an address that isn't in the
+		// account roster); surface it as NotFound so callers can tell
+		// it apart from a real store failure.
+		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "peer with ip %s not found", ip.String())
+		}
 		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get peer from store")
 	}
 
@@ -5826,6 +5878,7 @@ var validCapabilityColumns = map[string]struct{}{
 	"supports_custom_ports": {},
 	"require_subdomain":     {},
 	"supports_crowdsec":     {},
+	"private":               {},
 }
 
 // GetClusterSupportsCustomPorts returns whether any active proxy in the cluster
@@ -5840,6 +5893,12 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr s
 	return s.getClusterCapability(ctx, clusterAddr, "require_subdomain")
 }
 
+// GetClusterSupportsPrivate reports whether any active proxy in the cluster
+// has the private capability (nil = unreported).
+func (s *SqlStore) GetClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool {
+	return s.getClusterCapability(ctx, clusterAddr, "private")
+}
+
 // GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec returns whether all active proxies in the cluster
 // have CrowdSec configured. Returns nil when no proxy reported the capability.
 // Unlike other capabilities that use ANY-true (for rolling upgrades), CrowdSec
@@ -5909,6 +5968,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getClusterCapability(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr, column
 	}
 
 	err := s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
 		Model(&proxy.Proxy{}).
 		Select("COUNT(CASE WHEN "+column+" IS NOT NULL THEN 1 END) > 0 AS has_capability, "+
 			"COALESCE(MAX(CASE WHEN "+column+" = true THEN 1 ELSE 0 END), 0) = 1 AS any_true").
diff --git a/management/server/store/sql_store_service_test.go b/management/server/store/sql_store_service_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34999da4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/store/sql_store_service_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+)
+
+func TestSqlStore_GetAccount_PrivateServiceRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
+	if os.Getenv("CI") == "true" && (runtime.GOOS == "darwin" || runtime.GOOS == "windows") {
+		t.Skip("skip CI tests on darwin and windows")
+	}
+
+	runTestForAllEngines(t, "", func(t *testing.T, store Store) {
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		account := newAccountWithId(ctx, "account_private_svc", "testuser", "")
+		require.NoError(t, store.SaveAccount(ctx, account))
+
+		svc := &rpservice.Service{
+			ID:           "svc-private",
+			AccountID:    account.Id,
+			Name:         "private-svc",
+			Domain:       "private.example",
+			ProxyCluster: "cluster.example",
+			Enabled:      true,
+			Mode:         rpservice.ModeHTTP,
+			Private:      true,
+			AccessGroups: []string{"grp-admins", "grp-ops"},
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, store.CreateService(ctx, svc))
+
+		loaded, err := store.GetAccount(ctx, account.Id)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, loaded.Services, 1)
+
+		got := loaded.Services[0]
+		assert.True(t, got.Private)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-admins", "grp-ops"}, got.AccessGroups)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/management/server/store/sql_store_test.go b/management/server/store/sql_store_test.go
index 41e3290b6..0c90eaf5f 100644
--- a/management/server/store/sql_store_test.go
+++ b/management/server/store/sql_store_test.go
@@ -491,6 +491,27 @@ func Test_GetAccount(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+// TestSqlStore_GetPeerByIP_NotFound pins the not-found semantics the
+// proxy's ValidateTunnelPeer relies on: a tunnel-IP that isn't in the
+// account roster must surface as a NotFound error (not a generic
+// Internal) so callers can distinguish an expected miss from a real
+// store failure. A known IP still resolves.
+func TestSqlStore_GetPeerByIP_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	runTestForAllEngines(t, "../testdata/store.sql", func(t *testing.T, store Store) {
+		const accountID = "bf1c8084-ba50-4ce7-9439-34653001fc3b"
+
+		peer, err := store.GetPeerByIP(context.Background(), LockingStrengthNone, accountID, net.ParseIP("192.168.0.0"))
+		require.NoError(t, err, "known tunnel IP must resolve")
+		require.NotNil(t, peer)
+
+		_, err = store.GetPeerByIP(context.Background(), LockingStrengthNone, accountID, net.ParseIP("100.65.0.99"))
+		require.Error(t, err, "unknown tunnel IP must error")
+		parsedErr, ok := status.FromError(err)
+		require.True(t, ok, "error must be a status error")
+		require.Equal(t, status.NotFound, parsedErr.Type(), "tunnel-IP miss must be NotFound, not Internal")
+	})
+}
+
 func TestSqlStore_SavePeer(t *testing.T) {
 	store, cleanUp, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../testdata/store.sql", t.TempDir())
 	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
diff --git a/management/server/store/store.go b/management/server/store/store.go
index 39b1c0ed3..746207f27 100644
--- a/management/server/store/store.go
+++ b/management/server/store/store.go
@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@ type Store interface {
 	GetClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	GetClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
+	GetClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	CleanupStaleProxies(ctx context.Context, inactivityDuration time.Duration) error
 	GetProxyByAccountID(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*proxy.Proxy, error)
 	CountProxiesByAccountID(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (int64, error)
@@ -320,9 +321,38 @@ type Store interface {
 
 	GetCustomDomainsCounts(ctx context.Context) (total int64, validated int64, err error)
 
+	// GetProxyMetrics returns aggregated proxy / cluster counts for the
+	// self-hosted metrics worker. Self-hosted only — file-based stores
+	// return a zero-valued struct.
+	GetProxyMetrics(ctx context.Context) (ProxyMetrics, error)
+
 	GetRoutingPeerNetworks(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string) ([]string, error)
 }
 
+// ProxyMetrics aggregates self-hosted proxy + cluster usage signals
+// surfaced to the telemetry payload. Each field is best-effort: when a
+// store cannot answer (e.g. FileStore) all fields are zero.
+type ProxyMetrics struct {
+	// Clusters counts distinct cluster_address values across the proxies
+	// table — every cluster the management server has heard from, online or not.
+	Clusters int64
+	// ClustersBYOP counts distinct cluster_address values that are owned
+	// by an account (account_id IS NOT NULL). These are bring-your-own-proxy
+	// installations as opposed to NetBird-operated shared clusters.
+	ClustersBYOP int64
+	// ClustersPrivate counts distinct cluster_address values where at
+	// least one proxy reported the private capability (embedded
+	// `netbird proxy` running inside a client).
+	ClustersPrivate int64
+	// Proxies is the total number of proxy rows currently persisted.
+	Proxies int64
+	// ProxiesConnected is the subset of proxies whose status is
+	// "connected" AND last_seen falls within the active heartbeat window
+	// (~2 * heartbeat interval). Proxies the controller hasn't pruned
+	// yet but that are visibly stale don't count.
+	ProxiesConnected int64
+}
+
 const (
 	postgresDsnEnv       = "NB_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN"
 	postgresDsnEnvLegacy = "NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN"
diff --git a/management/server/store/store_mock.go b/management/server/store/store_mock.go
index c7e86c2db..dfd5af78d 100644
--- a/management/server/store/store_mock.go
+++ b/management/server/store/store_mock.go
@@ -1461,6 +1461,20 @@ func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx, clusterAddr
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetClusterSupportsCustomPorts", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetClusterSupportsCustomPorts), ctx, clusterAddr)
 }
 
+// GetClusterSupportsPrivate mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetClusterSupportsPrivate", ctx, clusterAddr)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*bool)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// GetClusterSupportsPrivate indicates an expected call of GetClusterSupportsPrivate.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx, clusterAddr interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetClusterSupportsPrivate", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetClusterSupportsPrivate), ctx, clusterAddr)
+}
+
 // GetCustomDomain mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) GetCustomDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID, domainID string) (*domain.Domain, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -2076,6 +2090,21 @@ func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetProxyClusters(ctx, accountID interface{}) *g
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetProxyClusters", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetProxyClusters), ctx, accountID)
 }
 
+// GetProxyMetrics mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetProxyMetrics(ctx context.Context) (ProxyMetrics, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetProxyMetrics", ctx)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(ProxyMetrics)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetProxyMetrics indicates an expected call of GetProxyMetrics.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetProxyMetrics(ctx interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetProxyMetrics", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetProxyMetrics), ctx)
+}
+
 // GetResourceGroups mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) GetResourceGroups(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, resourceID string) ([]*types2.Group, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
diff --git a/management/server/telemetry/accountmanager_metrics.go b/management/server/telemetry/accountmanager_metrics.go
index bb6fb7e12..4b370bde3 100644
--- a/management/server/telemetry/accountmanager_metrics.go
+++ b/management/server/telemetry/accountmanager_metrics.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ type AccountManagerMetrics struct {
 	ctx                          context.Context
 	updateAccountPeersDurationMs metric.Float64Histogram
 	updateAccountPeersCounter    metric.Int64Counter
+	nmapCounter                  metric.Int64Counter
 	getPeerNetworkMapDurationMs  metric.Float64Histogram
 	networkMapObjectCount        metric.Int64Histogram
 	peerMetaUpdateCount          metric.Int64Counter
@@ -59,6 +60,13 @@ func NewAccountManagerMetrics(ctx context.Context, meter metric.Meter) (*Account
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	nmapCounter, err := meter.Int64Counter("management.network.map.counter",
+		metric.WithUnit("1"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Number of network maps computed, labeled by resource and operation trigger"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	peerMetaUpdateCount, err := meter.Int64Counter("management.account.peer.meta.update.counter",
 		metric.WithUnit("1"),
 		metric.WithDescription("Number of updates with new meta data from the peers"))
@@ -93,6 +101,7 @@ func NewAccountManagerMetrics(ctx context.Context, meter metric.Meter) (*Account
 		peerMetaUpdateCount:          peerMetaUpdateCount,
 		peerStatusUpdateCounter:      peerStatusUpdateCounter,
 		peerStatusUpdateDurationMs:   peerStatusUpdateDurationMs,
+		nmapCounter:                  nmapCounter,
 	}, nil
 
 }
@@ -145,6 +154,16 @@ func (metrics *AccountManagerMetrics) CountUpdateAccountPeersTriggered(resource,
 	)
 }
 
+// CountNmapTriggered increments the counter for calculated network maps with resource and operation labels.
+func (metrics *AccountManagerMetrics) CountNmapTriggered(resource, operation string) {
+	metrics.nmapCounter.Add(metrics.ctx, 1,
+		metric.WithAttributes(
+			attribute.String("resource", resource),
+			attribute.String("operation", operation),
+		),
+	)
+}
+
 // CountPeerMetUpdate counts the number of peer meta updates
 func (metrics *AccountManagerMetrics) CountPeerMetUpdate() {
 	metrics.peerMetaUpdateCount.Add(metrics.ctx, 1)
diff --git a/management/server/types/account.go b/management/server/types/account.go
index 870333a60..0d0893e28 100644
--- a/management/server/types/account.go
+++ b/management/server/types/account.go
@@ -29,10 +29,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
 )
 
 const (
-	defaultTTL                      = 300
+	defaultTTL = 300
+	// privateServiceDNSRecordTTL is short so proxy-peer changes propagate quickly to clients.
+	privateServiceDNSRecordTTL      = 5
 	DefaultPeerLoginExpiration      = 24 * time.Hour
 	DefaultPeerInactivityExpiration = 10 * time.Minute
 
@@ -254,6 +257,117 @@ func getUniqueHostLabel(name string, peerLabels LookupMap) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+// SynthesizePrivateServiceZones returns in-memory CustomZones with A records pointing each enabled private service the peer can reach at the cluster's proxy-peer IPs. One zone per cluster (multiple services share); records gated by AccessGroups.
+func (a *Account) SynthesizePrivateServiceZones(peerID string) []nbdns.CustomZone {
+	peer, ok := a.Peers[peerID]
+	if !ok || peer == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if len(a.Services) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	proxyPeersByCluster := a.GetProxyPeers()
+	if len(proxyPeersByCluster) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	peerGroups := a.GetPeerGroups(peerID)
+	zonesByCluster := map[string]*nbdns.CustomZone{}
+
+	for _, svc := range a.Services {
+		if svc == nil || !svc.Enabled || !svc.Private {
+			continue
+		}
+		if len(svc.AccessGroups) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !peerInDistributionGroups(peerGroups, svc.AccessGroups) {
+			continue
+		}
+		proxyPeers := proxyPeersByCluster[svc.ProxyCluster]
+		if len(proxyPeers) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		zone, exists := zonesByCluster[svc.ProxyCluster]
+		if !exists {
+			// NonAuthoritative makes this a match-only zone: queries for
+			// names without an explicit record fall through to the
+			// upstream resolver instead of returning NXDOMAIN. Without
+			// it, adding a single private service would black-hole every
+			// other name under the cluster apex.
+			zone = &nbdns.CustomZone{
+				Domain:           dns.Fqdn(svc.ProxyCluster),
+				Records:          []nbdns.SimpleRecord{},
+				NonAuthoritative: true,
+			}
+			zonesByCluster[svc.ProxyCluster] = zone
+		}
+
+		emitted := 0
+		skippedDisconnected := 0
+		for _, p := range proxyPeers {
+			if p == nil || !p.IP.IsValid() {
+				continue
+			}
+			// Only emit a record when the proxy peer is actually
+			// connected. A disconnected proxy peer's tunnel IP won't
+			// answer; pointing DNS at it would produce a black hole
+			// for as long as the record is cached client-side.
+			if p.Status == nil || !p.Status.Connected {
+				skippedDisconnected++
+				continue
+			}
+			zone.Records = append(zone.Records, nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+				Name:  dns.Fqdn(svc.Domain),
+				Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
+				Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+				TTL:   privateServiceDNSRecordTTL,
+				RData: p.IP.String(),
+			})
+			emitted++
+		}
+		// Disagreement with the firewall path is the typical
+		// "domain doesn't reach client but firewall rules do"
+		// symptom: the synth service is otherwise fine, only the
+		// proxy peer's persisted Connected flag is wrong (most
+		// likely the connection reaper marked it disconnected even
+		// though the gRPC stream is alive).
+		if emitted == 0 && skippedDisconnected > 0 {
+			log.Debugf("private-zone synth: svc %s domain=%s cluster=%s emitted_zero proxy_peers=%d all_disconnected=%d (firewall would still fire)",
+				svc.ID, svc.Domain, svc.ProxyCluster, len(proxyPeers), skippedDisconnected)
+		}
+	}
+
+	out := make([]nbdns.CustomZone, 0, len(zonesByCluster))
+	for _, zone := range zonesByCluster {
+		if len(zone.Records) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, *zone)
+	}
+	if len(out) == 0 && len(a.Services) > 0 {
+		// Targeted diagnostic for the "firewall yes, DNS no" divergence —
+		// fires only when services exist but synth returns zero zones,
+		// so accounts without private services produce no noise.
+		log.Debugf("private-zone synth: peer %s account %s returned 0 zones from %d candidate service(s)",
+			peerID, a.Id, len(a.Services))
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// peerInDistributionGroups reports whether any of the peer's groups
+// matches the service's bearer-auth distribution_groups.
+func peerInDistributionGroups(peerGroups LookupMap, distributionGroups []string) bool {
+	for _, gid := range distributionGroups {
+		if _, ok := peerGroups[gid]; ok {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func (a *Account) GetPeersCustomZone(ctx context.Context, dnsDomain string) nbdns.CustomZone {
 	var merr *multierror.Error
 
@@ -1498,6 +1612,53 @@ func (a *Account) injectServiceProxyPolicies(ctx context.Context, service *servi
 		a.injectTargetProxyPolicies(ctx, service, target, proxyPeers)
 	}
 
+	a.injectPrivateServicePolicies(service, proxyPeers)
+}
+
+// injectPrivateServicePolicies synthesises an in-memory ACL: AccessGroups → cluster proxy peers on TCP 80/443.
+func (a *Account) injectPrivateServicePolicies(svc *service.Service, proxyPeers []*nbpeer.Peer) {
+	if !svc.Private {
+		return
+	}
+	if len(svc.AccessGroups) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	if len(proxyPeers) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, proxyPeer := range proxyPeers {
+		a.Policies = append(a.Policies, a.createPrivateServicePolicy(svc, proxyPeer))
+	}
+}
+
+func (a *Account) createPrivateServicePolicy(svc *service.Service, proxyPeer *nbpeer.Peer) *Policy {
+	policyID := fmt.Sprintf("private-access-%s-%s", svc.ID, proxyPeer.ID)
+	sources := append([]string(nil), svc.AccessGroups...)
+	return &Policy{
+		ID:      policyID,
+		Name:    fmt.Sprintf("Private Access to %s", svc.Name),
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*PolicyRule{
+			{
+				ID:       policyID,
+				PolicyID: policyID,
+				Name:     fmt.Sprintf("Allow access groups to reach %s", svc.Name),
+				Enabled:  true,
+				Sources:  sources,
+				DestinationResource: Resource{
+					ID:   proxyPeer.ID,
+					Type: ResourceTypePeer,
+				},
+				Bidirectional: false,
+				Protocol:      PolicyRuleProtocolTCP,
+				Action:        PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+				PortRanges: []RulePortRange{
+					{Start: 80, End: 80},
+					{Start: 443, End: 443},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
 }
 
 func (a *Account) injectTargetProxyPolicies(ctx context.Context, service *service.Service, target *service.Target, proxyPeers []*nbpeer.Peer) {
@@ -1644,7 +1805,7 @@ func shouldCheckRulesForNativeSSH(supportsNative bool, rule *PolicyRule, peer *n
 
 // peerSupportedFirewallFeatures checks if the peer version supports port ranges.
 func peerSupportedFirewallFeatures(peerVer string) supportedFeatures {
-	if strings.Contains(peerVer, "dev") {
+	if version.IsDevelopmentVersion(peerVer) {
 		return supportedFeatures{true, true}
 	}
 
diff --git a/management/server/types/account_components.go b/management/server/types/account_components.go
index 2b4f7e051..a42028351 100644
--- a/management/server/types/account_components.go
+++ b/management/server/types/account_components.go
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ func (a *Account) GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(
 
 	peerGroups := a.GetPeerGroups(peerID)
 	components.AccountZones = filterPeerAppliedZones(ctx, accountZones, peerGroups)
+	components.AccountZones = append(components.AccountZones, a.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones(peerID)...)
 
 	for _, nsGroup := range a.NameServerGroups {
 		if nsGroup.Enabled {
diff --git a/management/server/types/account_private_netmap_test.go b/management/server/types/account_private_netmap_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dc097ce26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/account_private_netmap_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+)
+
+func TestPrivateService_NetworkMap_UserPeer_AndProxyPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Peers["user-peer"].Meta.WtVersion = "0.50.0"
+	account.Peers["proxy-peer"].Meta.WtVersion = "0.50.0"
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	account.InjectProxyPolicies(ctx)
+
+	validated := map[string]struct{}{
+		"user-peer":  {},
+		"proxy-peer": {},
+	}
+
+	t.Run("user-peer update", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nm := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, "user-peer", nbdns.CustomZone{}, nil, validated, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+		require.NotNil(t, nm)
+
+		zone, ok := findCustomZone(nm.DNSConfig.CustomZones, "eu.proxy.netbird.io")
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		require.Len(t, zone.Records, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, "myapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io.", zone.Records[0].Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, int(dns.TypeA), zone.Records[0].Type)
+		assert.Equal(t, "100.64.0.99", zone.Records[0].RData)
+
+		assert.Contains(t, netmapPeerIDs(nm.Peers), "proxy-peer")
+		assertPrivateServiceFirewallRules(t, nm.FirewallRules, "100.64.0.99", FirewallRuleDirectionOUT)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("proxy-peer update", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nm := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, "proxy-peer", nbdns.CustomZone{}, nil, validated, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+		require.NotNil(t, nm)
+
+		assert.Contains(t, netmapPeerIDs(nm.Peers), "user-peer")
+		assertPrivateServiceFirewallRules(t, nm.FirewallRules, "100.64.0.10", FirewallRuleDirectionIN)
+	})
+}
+
+func netmapPeerIDs(peers []*nbpeer.Peer) []string {
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(peers))
+	for _, p := range peers {
+		if p == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		ids = append(ids, p.ID)
+	}
+	return ids
+}
+
+func assertPrivateServiceFirewallRules(t *testing.T, rules []*FirewallRule, peerIP string, direction int) {
+	t.Helper()
+	wantPorts := map[uint16]bool{80: false, 443: false}
+	for _, r := range rules {
+		if r == nil || r.PeerIP != peerIP || r.Direction != direction {
+			continue
+		}
+		if r.Protocol != string(PolicyRuleProtocolTCP) || r.Action != string(PolicyTrafficActionAccept) {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch {
+		case r.PortRange.Start == r.PortRange.End && r.PortRange.Start != 0:
+			wantPorts[r.PortRange.Start] = true
+		case r.Port == "80":
+			wantPorts[80] = true
+		case r.Port == "443":
+			wantPorts[443] = true
+		}
+	}
+	for port, found := range wantPorts {
+		assert.Truef(t, found, "missing TCP accept rule on port %d for peer %s direction %d", port, peerIP, direction)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/account_private_zones_test.go b/management/server/types/account_private_zones_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d4f720b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/account_private_zones_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+)
+
+func privateZoneTestAccount(t *testing.T) *Account {
+	t.Helper()
+	return &Account{
+		Id:       "acct-1",
+		Settings: &Settings{},
+		Network: &Network{
+			Identifier: "net-1",
+			Net:        net.IPNet{IP: net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"), Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32)},
+		},
+		Peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
+			"user-peer": {
+				ID:        "user-peer",
+				AccountID: "acct-1",
+				Key:       "user-peer-key",
+				IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10"),
+				Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true},
+			},
+			"proxy-peer": {
+				ID:        "proxy-peer",
+				AccountID: "acct-1",
+				Key:       "proxy-peer-key",
+				IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.99"),
+				Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true},
+				ProxyMeta: nbpeer.ProxyMeta{
+					Embedded: true,
+					Cluster:  "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		Groups: map[string]*Group{
+			"grp-admins": {
+				ID:    "grp-admins",
+				Name:  "admins",
+				Peers: []string{"user-peer"},
+			},
+		},
+		Services: []*service.Service{
+			{
+				ID:           "svc-1",
+				AccountID:    "acct-1",
+				Name:         "myapp",
+				Domain:       "myapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+				ProxyCluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+				Enabled:      true,
+				Private:      true,
+				Mode:         service.ModeHTTP,
+				AccessGroups: []string{"grp-admins"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_PeerInGroup_GetsRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	require.Len(t, zones, 1, "one cluster should produce one zone")
+	zone := zones[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "eu.proxy.netbird.io.", zone.Domain, "zone apex must be the cluster FQDN")
+	assert.True(t, zone.NonAuthoritative, "synth zone must be match-only so unrelated sibling names fall through to the upstream resolver")
+	require.Len(t, zone.Records, 1, "one private service yields one A record")
+	rec := zone.Records[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "myapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io.", rec.Name, "record name is the service FQDN")
+	assert.Equal(t, int(dns.TypeA), rec.Type, "record type must be A")
+	assert.Equal(t, "100.64.0.99", rec.RData, "record points at the embedded proxy peer's tunnel IP")
+	assert.Equal(t, privateServiceDNSRecordTTL, rec.TTL, "TTL must match the synth-records constant")
+	assert.Equal(t, nbdns.DefaultClass, rec.Class, "record class must be the package default")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_PeerNotInGroup_NoRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Groups["grp-admins"].Peers = nil
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	assert.Empty(t, zones, "peer outside distribution_groups must not see private-service records")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_NotPrivate_NoRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Services[0].Private = false
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	assert.Empty(t, zones, "non-private service must not produce DNS records")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_NoAccessGroups_NoRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Services[0].AccessGroups = nil
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	assert.Empty(t, zones, "private service without bearer auth must not produce DNS records")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_NoProxyPeers_NoRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	delete(account.Peers, "proxy-peer")
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	assert.Empty(t, zones, "no embedded proxy peer in cluster means no record to emit")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_DisabledService_NoRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Services[0].Enabled = false
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	assert.Empty(t, zones, "disabled service must not produce DNS records")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_DisconnectedProxyPeer_NoRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Peers["proxy-peer"].Status = &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: false}
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	assert.Empty(t, zones, "disconnected proxy peer must not produce a DNS record (would be a black hole)")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_PartiallyDisconnectedProxyPeers_OnlyConnectedSurface(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Peers["proxy-peer-2"] = &nbpeer.Peer{
+		ID:        "proxy-peer-2",
+		AccountID: "acct-1",
+		Key:       "proxy-peer-2-key",
+		IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.100"),
+		Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: false},
+		ProxyMeta: nbpeer.ProxyMeta{Embedded: true, Cluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io"},
+	}
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	require.Len(t, zones, 1)
+	require.Len(t, zones[0].Records, 1, "only the connected proxy peer must surface")
+	assert.Equal(t, "100.64.0.99", zones[0].Records[0].RData)
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_MultipleProxyPeers_RoundRobin(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Peers["proxy-peer-2"] = &nbpeer.Peer{
+		ID:        "proxy-peer-2",
+		AccountID: "acct-1",
+		Key:       "proxy-peer-2-key",
+		IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.100"),
+		Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true},
+		ProxyMeta: nbpeer.ProxyMeta{Embedded: true, Cluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io"},
+	}
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	require.Len(t, zones, 1, "still one cluster yields one zone")
+	require.Len(t, zones[0].Records, 2, "two proxy peers must produce two A records on the same name")
+	rdata := []string{zones[0].Records[0].RData, zones[0].Records[1].RData}
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"100.64.0.99", "100.64.0.100"}, rdata, "both proxy peer IPs must surface")
+}
+
+// findCustomZone returns the CustomZone whose Domain equals the FQDN
+// of want, or a zero value when not found. Tests use it to assert
+// that the synth zone reaches dnsUpdate.CustomZones end-to-end.
+func findCustomZone(zones []nbdns.CustomZone, want string) (nbdns.CustomZone, bool) {
+	wantFqdn := dns.Fqdn(want)
+	for _, z := range zones {
+		if z.Domain == wantFqdn {
+			return z, true
+		}
+	}
+	return nbdns.CustomZone{}, false
+}
+
+// TestPrivateZone_GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents_ShipsSynthZone
+// covers the components-based builder path. The components builder
+// appends SynthesizePrivateServiceZones to AccountZones; the
+// CalculateNetworkMapFromComponents step then merges AccountZones
+// into dnsUpdate.CustomZones.
+func TestPrivateZone_GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents_ShipsSynthZone(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	validated := map[string]struct{}{
+		"user-peer":  {},
+		"proxy-peer": {},
+	}
+
+	nm := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, "user-peer", nbdns.CustomZone{}, nil, validated, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+	require.NotNil(t, nm, "network map must be produced for an in-account peer")
+
+	zone, ok := findCustomZone(nm.DNSConfig.CustomZones, "eu.proxy.netbird.io")
+	require.True(t, ok, "shipped CustomZones must include the synth zone for the cluster")
+	require.Len(t, zone.Records, 1, "exactly one record per private service per connected proxy peer")
+	rec := zone.Records[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "myapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io.", rec.Name, "record name is the service FQDN")
+	assert.Equal(t, "100.64.0.99", rec.RData, "record points at the embedded proxy peer's tunnel IP")
+}
+
+// TestPrivateZone_GetPeerNetworkMap_PeerOutsideGroups_OmitsSynthZone
+// confirms the negative case the user encountered: a peer whose
+// groups don't overlap the policy's distribution_groups gets a
+// network map with no synth zone (and the wildcard / peer zones still
+// flow through). This is the test mirror of the runtime confusion
+// where the user looked at a non-distribution-group peer and assumed
+// the synth path was broken.
+func TestPrivateZone_GetPeerNetworkMap_PeerOutsideGroups_OmitsSynthZone(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Peers["outsider"] = &nbpeer.Peer{
+		ID:        "outsider",
+		AccountID: "acct-1",
+		Key:       "outsider-key",
+		IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.20"),
+		Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true},
+	}
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	validated := map[string]struct{}{
+		"user-peer":  {},
+		"proxy-peer": {},
+		"outsider":   {},
+	}
+
+	nm := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, "outsider", nbdns.CustomZone{}, nil, validated, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+	require.NotNil(t, nm)
+
+	_, ok := findCustomZone(nm.DNSConfig.CustomZones, "eu.proxy.netbird.io")
+	assert.False(t, ok, "peer outside the distribution_groups must not see the synth zone")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_TwoServicesSameCluster_OneZone(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Services = append(account.Services, &service.Service{
+		ID:           "svc-2",
+		AccountID:    "acct-1",
+		Name:         "anotherapp",
+		Domain:       "anotherapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		ProxyCluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		Enabled:      true,
+		Private:      true,
+		Mode:         service.ModeHTTP,
+		AccessGroups: []string{"grp-admins"},
+	})
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	require.Len(t, zones, 1, "two services on the same cluster must collapse into one zone")
+	require.Len(t, zones[0].Records, 2, "two services yield two A records")
+	names := []string{zones[0].Records[0].Name, zones[0].Records[1].Name}
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"myapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io.", "anotherapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io."}, names, "both service domains must surface")
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/account_test.go b/management/server/types/account_test.go
index a1a616882..d8e2e1f8c 100644
--- a/management/server/types/account_test.go
+++ b/management/server/types/account_test.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package types
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones/records"
 	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
@@ -82,9 +84,9 @@ func setupTestAccount() *Account {
 		},
 		Groups: map[string]*Group{
 			"groupAll": {
-				ID:    "groupAll",
-				Name:  "All",
-				Peers: []string{"peer1", "peer2", "peer3", "peer11", "peer12", "peer21", "peer31", "peer32", "peer41", "peer51", "peer61"},
+				ID:     "groupAll",
+				Name:   "All",
+				Peers:  []string{"peer1", "peer2", "peer3", "peer11", "peer12", "peer21", "peer31", "peer32", "peer41", "peer51", "peer61"},
 				Issued: GroupIssuedAPI,
 			},
 			"group1": {
@@ -644,41 +646,7 @@ func Test_ExpandPortsAndRanges_SSHRuleExpansion(t *testing.T) {
 			expectedPorts: []string{"20-25", "10-100", "22022"},
 		},
 		{
-			name: "dev suffix version supports all features",
-			peer: &nbpeer.Peer{
-				ID:         "peer1",
-				SSHEnabled: true,
-				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
-					WtVersion: "0.50.0-dev",
-					Flags:     nbpeer.Flags{ServerSSHAllowed: true},
-				},
-			},
-			rule: &PolicyRule{
-				Protocol: PolicyRuleProtocolTCP,
-				Ports:    []string{"22"},
-			},
-			base:          FirewallRule{PeerIP: "10.0.0.1", Direction: 0, Action: "accept", Protocol: "tcp"},
-			expectedPorts: []string{"22", "22022"},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "dev suffix version supports all features",
-			peer: &nbpeer.Peer{
-				ID:         "peer1",
-				SSHEnabled: true,
-				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
-					WtVersion: "dev",
-					Flags:     nbpeer.Flags{ServerSSHAllowed: true},
-				},
-			},
-			rule: &PolicyRule{
-				Protocol: PolicyRuleProtocolTCP,
-				Ports:    []string{"22"},
-			},
-			base:          FirewallRule{PeerIP: "10.0.0.1", Direction: 0, Action: "accept", Protocol: "tcp"},
-			expectedPorts: []string{"22", "22022"},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "development suffix version supports all features",
+			name: "development version supports all features",
 			peer: &nbpeer.Peer{
 				ID:         "peer1",
 				SSHEnabled: true,
@@ -1583,3 +1551,203 @@ func Test_filterPeerAppliedZones(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestInjectPrivateServicePolicies_ProxyPeerGetsInboundRule(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	userPeerIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10")
+	proxyPeerIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.99")
+
+	account := &Account{
+		Id: "acct-1",
+		Network: &Network{
+			Identifier: "net-1",
+			Net:        net.IPNet{IP: net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"), Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32)},
+		},
+		Peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
+			"user-peer": {
+				ID:        "user-peer",
+				AccountID: "acct-1",
+				Key:       "user-peer-key",
+				IP:        userPeerIP,
+			},
+			"proxy-peer": {
+				ID:        "proxy-peer",
+				AccountID: "acct-1",
+				Key:       "proxy-peer-key",
+				IP:        proxyPeerIP,
+				ProxyMeta: nbpeer.ProxyMeta{
+					Embedded: true,
+					Cluster:  "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		Groups: map[string]*Group{
+			"grp-admins": {
+				ID:    "grp-admins",
+				Name:  "admins",
+				Peers: []string{"user-peer"},
+			},
+		},
+		Services: []*service.Service{
+			{
+				ID:           "svc-1",
+				AccountID:    "acct-1",
+				Name:         "myapp",
+				Domain:       "myapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+				ProxyCluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+				Enabled:      true,
+				Private:      true,
+				Mode:         service.ModeHTTP,
+				AccessGroups: []string{"grp-admins"},
+				Targets: []*service.Target{
+					{
+						TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+						TargetType: service.TargetTypeCluster,
+						Protocol:   "http",
+						Host:       "127.0.0.1",
+						Port:       8080,
+						Enabled:    true,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	account.InjectProxyPolicies(ctx)
+
+	var found *Policy
+	for _, p := range account.Policies {
+		if p != nil && p.ID == "private-access-svc-1-proxy-peer" {
+			found = p
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.NotNil(t, found, "expected synthesised private-access policy in account.Policies")
+	require.Len(t, found.Rules, 1, "policy should have exactly one rule")
+	rule := found.Rules[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-admins"}, rule.Sources, "sources should be group IDs verbatim")
+	assert.Equal(t, "proxy-peer", rule.DestinationResource.ID, "destination resource should be the proxy peer ID")
+	assert.Equal(t, ResourceTypePeer, rule.DestinationResource.Type, "destination resource type should be peer")
+
+	validatedPeersMap := map[string]struct{}{
+		"user-peer":  {},
+		"proxy-peer": {},
+	}
+
+	proxyPeer := account.Peers["proxy-peer"]
+	aclPeers, firewallRules, _, _ := account.GetPeerConnectionResources(ctx, proxyPeer, validatedPeersMap, nil)
+
+	var sawUserAsAclPeer bool
+	for _, p := range aclPeers {
+		if p.ID == "user-peer" {
+			sawUserAsAclPeer = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	assert.True(t, sawUserAsAclPeer, "proxy peer should see the user peer as an ACL peer")
+
+	var inboundRules []*FirewallRule
+	for _, r := range firewallRules {
+		if r.Direction == FirewallRuleDirectionIN && r.PeerIP == userPeerIP.String() {
+			inboundRules = append(inboundRules, r)
+		}
+	}
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, inboundRules, "proxy peer should have inbound firewall rules from the user peer")
+}
+
+func TestInjectPrivateServicePolicies_NotPrivate_NoPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	account := privateServiceTestAccount(t)
+	account.Services[0].Private = false
+
+	account.InjectProxyPolicies(ctx)
+	assert.False(t, hasPrivateAccessPolicy(account, "svc-1"), "non-private service must not synthesise an access policy")
+}
+
+func TestInjectPrivateServicePolicies_EmptyAccessGroups_NoPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	account := privateServiceTestAccount(t)
+	account.Services[0].AccessGroups = nil
+
+	account.InjectProxyPolicies(ctx)
+	assert.False(t, hasPrivateAccessPolicy(account, "svc-1"), "private service with no access groups must not synthesise a policy")
+}
+
+func TestInjectPrivateServicePolicies_NoProxyPeers_NoPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	account := privateServiceTestAccount(t)
+	delete(account.Peers, "proxy-peer")
+
+	account.InjectProxyPolicies(ctx)
+	assert.False(t, hasPrivateAccessPolicy(account, "svc-1"), "policy must not synthesise when the cluster has no proxy peers")
+}
+
+func privateServiceTestAccount(t *testing.T) *Account {
+	t.Helper()
+	return &Account{
+		Id: "acct-1",
+		Network: &Network{
+			Identifier: "net-1",
+			Net:        net.IPNet{IP: net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"), Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32)},
+		},
+		Peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
+			"user-peer": {
+				ID:        "user-peer",
+				AccountID: "acct-1",
+				Key:       "user-peer-key",
+				IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10"),
+			},
+			"proxy-peer": {
+				ID:        "proxy-peer",
+				AccountID: "acct-1",
+				Key:       "proxy-peer-key",
+				IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.99"),
+				ProxyMeta: nbpeer.ProxyMeta{
+					Embedded: true,
+					Cluster:  "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		Groups: map[string]*Group{
+			"grp-admins": {
+				ID:    "grp-admins",
+				Name:  "admins",
+				Peers: []string{"user-peer"},
+			},
+		},
+		Services: []*service.Service{
+			{
+				ID:           "svc-1",
+				AccountID:    "acct-1",
+				Name:         "myapp",
+				Domain:       "myapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+				ProxyCluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+				Enabled:      true,
+				Private:      true,
+				Mode:         service.ModeHTTP,
+				AccessGroups: []string{"grp-admins"},
+				Targets: []*service.Target{
+					{
+						TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+						TargetType: service.TargetTypeCluster,
+						Protocol:   "http",
+						Host:       "127.0.0.1",
+						Port:       8080,
+						Enabled:    true,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func hasPrivateAccessPolicy(account *Account, serviceID string) bool {
+	prefix := "private-access-" + serviceID + "-"
+	for _, p := range account.Policies {
+		if p != nil && len(p.ID) > len(prefix) && p.ID[:len(prefix)] == prefix {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/management/server/user.go b/management/server/user.go
index 892d982e7..7cd955000 100644
--- a/management/server/user.go
+++ b/management/server/user.go
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import (
 
 // createServiceUser creates a new service user under the given account.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) createServiceUser(ctx context.Context, accountID string, initiatorUserID string, role types.UserRole, serviceUserName string, nonDeletable bool, autoGroups []string) (*types.UserInfo, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Create)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Create)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) inviteNewUser(ctx context.Context, accountID, u
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Users, operations.Create)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Users, operations.Create)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteUser(ctx context.Context, accountID, init
 		return err
 	}
 
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Delete)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) InviteUser(ctx context.Context, accountID strin
 		return status.Errorf(status.PreconditionFailed, "IdP manager must be enabled to send user invites")
 	}
 
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Create)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Create)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreatePAT(ctx context.Context, accountID string
 		return nil, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "expiration has to be between %d and %d", account.PATMinExpireDays, account.PATMaxExpireDays)
 	}
 
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Pats, operations.Create)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Pats, operations.Create)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreatePAT(ctx context.Context, accountID string
 
 // DeletePAT deletes a specific PAT from a user
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeletePAT(ctx context.Context, accountID string, initiatorUserID string, targetUserID string, tokenID string) error {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Pats, operations.Delete)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Pats, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeletePAT(ctx context.Context, accountID string
 
 // GetPAT returns a specific PAT from a user
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetPAT(ctx context.Context, accountID string, initiatorUserID string, targetUserID string, tokenID string) (*types.PersonalAccessToken, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Pats, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Pats, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetPAT(ctx context.Context, accountID string, i
 
 // GetAllPATs returns all PATs for a user
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetAllPATs(ctx context.Context, accountID string, initiatorUserID string, targetUserID string) ([]*types.PersonalAccessToken, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Pats, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Pats, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveOrAddUsers(ctx context.Context, accountID,
 		return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil
 	}
 
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Create) // TODO: split by Create and Update
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Create) // TODO: split by Create and Update
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -610,6 +610,11 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveOrAddUsers(ctx context.Context, accountID,
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		initiatorUser = result
+		role, ok := nbcontext.RoleFromContext(ctx)
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get user role from context")
+		}
+		initiatorUser.Role = types.UserRole(role)
 	}
 
 	var globalErr error
@@ -755,19 +760,6 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) processUserUpdate(ctx context.Context, transact
 		return false, nil, nil, nil, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "provided user update is nil")
 	}
 
-	if initiatorUserId != activity.SystemInitiator {
-		freshInitiator, err := transaction.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, initiatorUserId)
-		if err != nil {
-			return false, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to re-read initiator user in transaction: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		// Ensure the initiator still has admin privileges
-		if initiatorUser.HasAdminPower() && !freshInitiator.HasAdminPower() {
-			return false, nil, nil, nil, status.Errorf(status.PermissionDenied, "initiator role was changed during request processing")
-		}
-		initiatorUser = freshInitiator
-	}
-
 	oldUser, isNewUser, err := getUserOrCreateIfNotExists(ctx, transaction, accountID, update, addIfNotExists)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, nil, nil, nil, err
@@ -906,19 +898,23 @@ func validateUserUpdate(groupsMap map[string]*types.Group, initiatorUser, oldUse
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	if !initiatorUser.HasAdminPower() {
+		return status.Errorf(status.PermissionDenied, "only admins and owners can update users")
+	}
+
 	if initiatorUser.HasAdminPower() && initiatorUser.Id == update.Id && oldUser.Blocked != update.Blocked {
 		return status.Errorf(status.PermissionDenied, "admins can't block or unblock themselves")
 	}
 	if initiatorUser.HasAdminPower() && initiatorUser.Id == update.Id && update.Role != initiatorUser.Role {
 		return status.Errorf(status.PermissionDenied, "admins can't change their role")
 	}
-	if initiatorUser.Role == types.UserRoleAdmin && oldUser.Role == types.UserRoleOwner && update.Role != oldUser.Role {
+	if initiatorUser.Role != types.UserRoleOwner && oldUser.Role == types.UserRoleOwner && update.Role != oldUser.Role {
 		return status.Errorf(status.PermissionDenied, "only owners can remove owner role from their user")
 	}
-	if initiatorUser.Role == types.UserRoleAdmin && oldUser.Role == types.UserRoleOwner && update.IsBlocked() && !oldUser.IsBlocked() {
+	if oldUser.Role == types.UserRoleOwner && update.IsBlocked() && !oldUser.IsBlocked() {
 		return status.Errorf(status.PermissionDenied, "unable to block owner user")
 	}
-	if initiatorUser.Role == types.UserRoleAdmin && update.Role == types.UserRoleOwner && update.Role != oldUser.Role {
+	if initiatorUser.Role != types.UserRoleOwner && update.Role == types.UserRoleOwner && update.Role != oldUser.Role {
 		return status.Errorf(status.PermissionDenied, "only owners can add owner role to other users")
 	}
 	if oldUser.IsServiceUser && update.Role == types.UserRoleOwner {
@@ -984,7 +980,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetOrCreateAccountByUser(ctx context.Context, u
 // GetUsersFromAccount performs a batched request for users from IDP by account ID apply filter on what data to return
 // based on provided user role.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetUsersFromAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorUserID string) (map[string]*types.UserInfo, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -1201,7 +1197,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) deleteUserFromIDP(ctx context.Context, targetUs
 // If an error occurs while deleting the user, the function skips it and continues deleting other users.
 // Errors are collected and returned at the end.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteRegularUsers(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorUserID string, targetUserIDs []string, userInfos map[string]*types.UserInfo) error {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Delete)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -1399,7 +1395,8 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetCurrentUserInfo(ctx context.Context, userAut
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionDeniedError()
 	}
 
-	if err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateAccountAccess(ctx, accountID, user, false); err != nil {
+	ctx, err = am.permissionsManager.ValidateAccountAccess(ctx, accountID, user, false)
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
@@ -1428,7 +1425,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetCurrentUserInfo(ctx context.Context, userAut
 
 // ApproveUser approves a user that is pending approval
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) ApproveUser(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID string) (*types.UserInfo, error) {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Update)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Update)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -1469,7 +1466,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) ApproveUser(ctx context.Context, accountID, ini
 
 // RejectUser rejects a user that is pending approval by deleting them
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) RejectUser(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID string) error {
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Delete)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -1515,7 +1512,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateUserInvite(ctx context.Context, accountID
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Create)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Create)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -1633,7 +1630,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) ListUserInvites(ctx context.Context, accountID,
 		return nil, status.Errorf(status.PreconditionFailed, "invite links are only available with embedded identity provider")
 	}
 
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Read)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Read)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -1747,7 +1744,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) RegenerateUserInvite(ctx context.Context, accou
 		return nil, status.Errorf(status.PreconditionFailed, "invite links are only available with embedded identity provider")
 	}
 
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Update)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Update)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
@@ -1809,7 +1806,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteUserInvite(ctx context.Context, accountID
 		return status.Errorf(status.PreconditionFailed, "invite links are only available with embedded identity provider")
 	}
 
-	allowed, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Delete)
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, modules.Users, operations.Delete)
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/user_test.go b/management/server/user_test.go
index c77ea53d1..2a2d7857d 100644
--- a/management/server/user_test.go
+++ b/management/server/user_test.go
@@ -2129,66 +2129,3 @@ func TestUser_Operations_WithEmbeddedIDP(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Logf("Duplicate email error: %v", err)
 	})
 }
-
-func TestProcessUserUpdate_RejectsStaleInitiatorRole(t *testing.T) {
-	s, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", t.TempDir())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
-
-	account := newAccountWithId(context.Background(), "account1", "owner1", "", "", "", false)
-
-	adminID := "admin1"
-	account.Users[adminID] = types.NewAdminUser(adminID)
-
-	targetID := "target1"
-	account.Users[targetID] = types.NewRegularUser(targetID, "", "")
-
-	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAccount(context.Background(), account))
-
-	demotedAdmin, err := s.GetUserByUserID(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, adminID)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	demotedAdmin.Role = types.UserRoleUser
-	require.NoError(t, s.SaveUser(context.Background(), demotedAdmin))
-
-	staleInitiator := &types.User{
-		Id:        adminID,
-		AccountID: account.Id,
-		Role:      types.UserRoleAdmin,
-	}
-
-	permissionsManager := permissions.NewManager(s)
-	am := DefaultAccountManager{
-		Store:              s,
-		eventStore:         &activity.InMemoryEventStore{},
-		permissionsManager: permissionsManager,
-	}
-
-	settings, err := s.GetAccountSettings(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, account.Id)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	groups, err := s.GetAccountGroups(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, account.Id)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	groupsMap := make(map[string]*types.Group, len(groups))
-	for _, g := range groups {
-		groupsMap[g.ID] = g
-	}
-
-	update := &types.User{
-		Id:   targetID,
-		Role: types.UserRoleAdmin,
-	}
-
-	err = s.ExecuteInTransaction(context.Background(), func(tx store.Store) error {
-		_, _, _, _, txErr := am.processUserUpdate(
-			context.Background(), tx, groupsMap, account.Id, adminID, staleInitiator, update, false, settings,
-		)
-		return txErr
-	})
-
-	require.Error(t, err, "processUserUpdate should reject stale initiator whose role was demoted")
-	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "initiator role was changed during request processing")
-
-	targetUser, err := s.GetUserByUserID(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, targetID)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, types.UserRoleUser, targetUser.Role)
-}
diff --git a/management/server/users/manager.go b/management/server/users/manager.go
index e07f28706..1a05b1a7c 100644
--- a/management/server/users/manager.go
+++ b/management/server/users/manager.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 
 type Manager interface {
 	GetUser(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types.User, error)
+	GetUserWithGroups(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types.User, []*types.Group, error)
 }
 
 type managerImpl struct {
@@ -29,6 +30,31 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetUser(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types.User,
 	return m.store.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, userID)
 }
 
+// GetUserWithGroups returns the user and the *types.Group records for the user's AutoGroups, in the same order as
+// AutoGroups. Group ids that don't resolve to a stored group are skipped from the returned slice (the parallel id list is
+// derivable from the returned User). Wraps two store calls today; can be optimised to a single JOIN later if needed.
+// Any store error returns (nil, nil, err) so callers never receive a valid user alongside a non-nil error.
+func (m *managerImpl) GetUserWithGroups(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types.User, []*types.Group, error) {
+	user, err := m.store.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if len(user.AutoGroups) == 0 {
+		return user, nil, nil
+	}
+	groupsMap, err := m.store.GetGroupsByIDs(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, user.AccountID, user.AutoGroups)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	groups := make([]*types.Group, 0, len(user.AutoGroups))
+	for _, id := range user.AutoGroups {
+		if g, ok := groupsMap[id]; ok && g != nil {
+			groups = append(groups, g)
+		}
+	}
+	return user, groups, nil
+}
+
 func NewManagerMock() Manager {
 	return &managerMock{}
 }
@@ -47,3 +73,11 @@ func (m *managerMock) GetUser(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types.User,
 		return nil, errors.New("user not found")
 	}
 }
+
+func (m *managerMock) GetUserWithGroups(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types.User, []*types.Group, error) {
+	user, err := m.GetUser(ctx, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return user, nil, nil
+}
diff --git a/proxy/auth/auth.go b/proxy/auth/auth.go
index ca9c260b7..78f0097d5 100644
--- a/proxy/auth/auth.go
+++ b/proxy/auth/auth.go
@@ -45,10 +45,14 @@ func ResolveProto(forwardedProto string, conn *tls.ConnectionState) string {
 	}
 }
 
-// ValidateSessionJWT validates a session JWT and returns the user ID and method.
-func ValidateSessionJWT(tokenString, domain string, publicKey ed25519.PublicKey) (userID, method string, err error) {
+// ValidateSessionJWT validates a session JWT and returns the user ID, the
+// user's email (when carried), the authentication method, any embedded
+// group memberships, and the parallel group display names. email,
+// groups, and groupNames may be empty for tokens minted before those
+// claims were introduced. groupNames pairs positionally with groups.
+func ValidateSessionJWT(tokenString, domain string, publicKey ed25519.PublicKey) (userID, email, method string, groups, groupNames []string, err error) {
 	if publicKey == nil {
-		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("no public key configured for domain")
+		return "", "", "", nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("no public key configured for domain")
 	}
 
 	token, err := jwt.Parse(tokenString, func(t *jwt.Token) (interface{}, error) {
@@ -58,20 +62,46 @@ func ValidateSessionJWT(tokenString, domain string, publicKey ed25519.PublicKey)
 		return publicKey, nil
 	}, jwt.WithAudience(domain), jwt.WithIssuer(SessionJWTIssuer))
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("parse token: %w", err)
+		return "", "", "", nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("parse token: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	claims, ok := token.Claims.(jwt.MapClaims)
 	if !ok || !token.Valid {
-		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("invalid token claims")
+		return "", "", "", nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid token claims")
 	}
 
 	sub, _ := claims.GetSubject()
 	if sub == "" {
-		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("missing subject claim")
+		return "", "", "", nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("missing subject claim")
 	}
 
 	methodClaim, _ := claims["method"].(string)
+	emailClaim, _ := claims["email"].(string)
+	groups = extractGroupsClaim(claims["groups"])
+	groupNames = extractGroupsClaim(claims["group_names"])
 
-	return sub, methodClaim, nil
+	return sub, emailClaim, methodClaim, groups, groupNames, nil
+}
+
+// extractGroupsClaim decodes the "groups" claim into a string slice. The JWT
+// library decodes JSON arrays as []interface{}, so we coerce element-wise
+// and skip non-string entries silently.
+func extractGroupsClaim(claim interface{}) []string {
+	raw, ok := claim.([]interface{})
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if len(raw) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	groups := make([]string, 0, len(raw))
+	for _, v := range raw {
+		if s, ok := v.(string); ok && s != "" {
+			groups = append(groups, s)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(groups) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return groups
 }
diff --git a/proxy/cmd/proxy/cmd/debug.go b/proxy/cmd/proxy/cmd/debug.go
index 49afc7638..360c7a516 100644
--- a/proxy/cmd/proxy/cmd/debug.go
+++ b/proxy/cmd/proxy/cmd/debug.go
@@ -109,6 +109,22 @@ var debugStopCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	SilenceUsage: true,
 }
 
+var debugPerfCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:          "perf <pool-cap>",
+	Short:        "Live-retune the tunnel buffer pool cap on all running clients",
+	Args:         cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+	RunE:         runDebugPerfSet,
+	SilenceUsage: true,
+}
+
+var debugRuntimeCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:          "runtime",
+	Short:        "Show runtime stats (heap, goroutines, RSS)",
+	Args:         cobra.NoArgs,
+	RunE:         runDebugRuntime,
+	SilenceUsage: true,
+}
+
 var debugCaptureCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "capture <account-id> [filter expression]",
 	Short: "Capture packets on a client's WireGuard interface",
@@ -159,6 +175,8 @@ func init() {
 	debugCmd.AddCommand(debugLogCmd)
 	debugCmd.AddCommand(debugStartCmd)
 	debugCmd.AddCommand(debugStopCmd)
+	debugCmd.AddCommand(debugPerfCmd)
+	debugCmd.AddCommand(debugRuntimeCmd)
 	debugCmd.AddCommand(debugCaptureCmd)
 
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(debugCmd)
@@ -220,6 +238,18 @@ func runDebugStop(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	return getDebugClient(cmd).StopClient(cmd.Context(), args[0])
 }
 
+func runDebugPerfSet(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	n, err := strconv.ParseUint(args[0], 10, 32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid value %q: %w", args[0], err)
+	}
+	return getDebugClient(cmd).PerfSet(cmd.Context(), uint32(n))
+}
+
+func runDebugRuntime(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+	return getDebugClient(cmd).Runtime(cmd.Context())
+}
+
 func runDebugCapture(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	duration, _ := cmd.Flags().GetDuration("duration")
 	forcePcap, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("pcap")
diff --git a/proxy/cmd/proxy/cmd/root.go b/proxy/cmd/proxy/cmd/root.go
index ec8980ad9..d0e11517e 100644
--- a/proxy/cmd/proxy/cmd/root.go
+++ b/proxy/cmd/proxy/cmd/root.go
@@ -15,11 +15,22 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/embed"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy"
 	nbacme "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/acme"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 )
 
+const (
+	// envPreallocatedBuffers caps the per-tunnel buffer pool. Zero (unset)
+	// keeps the upstream uncapped default.
+	envPreallocatedBuffers = "NB_PROXY_PREALLOCATED_BUFFERS"
+	// envMaxBatchSize overrides the per-tunnel batch size, which controls
+	// how many buffers each receive/TUN worker eagerly allocates. Zero
+	// (unset) keeps the platform default.
+	envMaxBatchSize = "NB_PROXY_MAX_BATCH_SIZE"
+)
+
 const DefaultManagementURL = "https://api.netbird.io:443"
 
 // envProxyToken is the environment variable name for the proxy access token.
@@ -63,6 +74,7 @@ var (
 	preSharedKey          string
 	supportsCustomPorts   bool
 	requireSubdomain      bool
+	private               bool
 	geoDataDir            string
 	crowdsecAPIURL        string
 	crowdsecAPIKey        string
@@ -105,6 +117,8 @@ func init() {
 	rootCmd.Flags().StringVar(&preSharedKey, "preshared-key", envStringOrDefault("NB_PROXY_PRESHARED_KEY", ""), "Define a pre-shared key for the tunnel between proxy and peers")
 	rootCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&supportsCustomPorts, "supports-custom-ports", envBoolOrDefault("NB_PROXY_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_PORTS", true), "Whether the proxy can bind arbitrary ports for UDP/TCP passthrough")
 	rootCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&requireSubdomain, "require-subdomain", envBoolOrDefault("NB_PROXY_REQUIRE_SUBDOMAIN", false), "Require a subdomain label in front of the cluster domain")
+	rootCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&private, "private", envBoolOrDefault("NB_PROXY_PRIVATE", false), "Enable private services accessible with NetBird-Only authentication mode.")
+	_ = rootCmd.Flags().MarkHidden("private")
 	rootCmd.Flags().DurationVar(&maxDialTimeout, "max-dial-timeout", envDurationOrDefault("NB_PROXY_MAX_DIAL_TIMEOUT", 0), "Cap per-service backend dial timeout (0 = no cap)")
 	rootCmd.Flags().DurationVar(&maxSessionIdleTimeout, "max-session-idle-timeout", envDurationOrDefault("NB_PROXY_MAX_SESSION_IDLE_TIMEOUT", 0), "Cap per-service session idle timeout (0 = no cap)")
 	rootCmd.Flags().StringVar(&geoDataDir, "geo-data-dir", envStringOrDefault("NB_PROXY_GEO_DATA_DIR", "/var/lib/netbird/geolocation"), "Directory for the GeoLite2 MMDB file (auto-downloaded if missing)")
@@ -145,6 +159,45 @@ func runServer(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 
 	logger.Infof("configured log level: %s", level)
 
+	var wgPool, wgBatch uint64
+	var perf embed.Performance
+	if raw := os.Getenv(envPreallocatedBuffers); raw != "" {
+		n, err := strconv.ParseUint(raw, 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid %s %q: %w", envPreallocatedBuffers, raw, err)
+		}
+		wgPool = n
+		v := uint32(n)
+		perf.PreallocatedBuffersPerPool = &v
+		logger.Infof("tunnel preallocated buffers per pool: %d", n)
+	}
+	if raw := os.Getenv(envMaxBatchSize); raw != "" {
+		n, err := strconv.ParseUint(raw, 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid %s %q: %w", envMaxBatchSize, raw, err)
+		}
+		wgBatch = n
+		v := uint32(n)
+		perf.MaxBatchSize = &v
+		logger.Infof("tunnel max batch size override: %d", n)
+	}
+	if wgPool > 0 {
+		// Each bind recv goroutine (IPv4 + IPv6 + ICE relay) plus
+		// RoutineReadFromTUN eagerly reserves `batch` message buffers for
+		// the lifetime of the Device. A pool cap below that floor blocks
+		// the receive pipeline at startup.
+		batch := wgBatch
+		if batch == 0 {
+			batch = 128
+		}
+		const recvGoroutines = 4
+		floor := batch * recvGoroutines
+		if wgPool < floor {
+			logger.Warnf("%s=%d is below the eager-allocation floor (~%d for batch=%d); startup may deadlock",
+				envPreallocatedBuffers, wgPool, floor, batch)
+		}
+	}
+
 	switch forwardedProto {
 	case "auto", "http", "https":
 	default:
@@ -161,7 +214,11 @@ func runServer(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid --trusted-proxies: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	srv := proxy.Server{
+	ctx, stop := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), syscall.SIGTERM, syscall.SIGINT)
+	defer stop()
+
+	srv := proxy.New(ctx, proxy.Config{
+		ListenAddr:               addr,
 		Logger:                   logger,
 		Version:                  Version,
 		ManagementAddress:        mgmtAddr,
@@ -178,25 +235,24 @@ func runServer(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		ACMEChallengeType:        acmeChallengeType,
 		DebugEndpointEnabled:     debugEndpoint,
 		DebugEndpointAddress:     debugEndpointAddr,
-		HealthAddress:            healthAddr,
+		HealthAddr:               healthAddr,
 		ForwardedProto:           forwardedProto,
 		TrustedProxies:           parsedTrustedProxies,
 		CertLockMethod:           nbacme.CertLockMethod(certLockMethod),
 		WildcardCertDir:          wildcardCertDir,
 		WireguardPort:            wgPort,
+		Performance:              perf,
 		ProxyProtocol:            proxyProtocol,
 		PreSharedKey:             preSharedKey,
 		SupportsCustomPorts:      supportsCustomPorts,
 		RequireSubdomain:         requireSubdomain,
+		Private:                  private,
 		MaxDialTimeout:           maxDialTimeout,
 		MaxSessionIdleTimeout:    maxSessionIdleTimeout,
 		GeoDataDir:               geoDataDir,
 		CrowdSecAPIURL:           crowdsecAPIURL,
 		CrowdSecAPIKey:           crowdsecAPIKey,
-	}
-
-	ctx, stop := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), syscall.SIGTERM, syscall.SIGINT)
-	defer stop()
+	})
 
 	return srv.ListenAndServe(ctx, addr)
 }
diff --git a/proxy/inbound.go b/proxy/inbound.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d729ba9ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/inbound.go
@@ -0,0 +1,567 @@
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	stdlog "log"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/netip"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/embed"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/auth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/debug"
+	nbtcp "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/tcp"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
+)
+
+// httpInboundReadHeaderTimeout matches the host-listener read header timeout
+// so per-account http.Servers don't leak idle connections.
+const httpInboundReadHeaderTimeout = 30 * time.Second
+
+// httpInboundIdleTimeout caps idle keep-alive on per-account inbound HTTP
+// servers; matches the host listener.
+const httpInboundIdleTimeout = 90 * time.Second
+
+// inboundShutdownTimeout caps how long a per-account http.Server gets to
+// drain in-flight requests during teardown.
+const inboundShutdownTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+
+// privateInboundPortHTTPS is the WG-side TLS port. Each account's
+// embedded netstack binds independently, so a fixed port is fine.
+const privateInboundPortHTTPS = 443
+
+// privateInboundPortHTTP is the WG-side plain-HTTP port.
+const privateInboundPortHTTP = 80
+
+// inboundManager wires per-account inbound listeners into the proxy
+// pipeline when --private is enabled. When disabled the manager
+// is nil and every method on *Server that touches it short-circuits.
+type inboundManager struct {
+	logger    *log.Logger
+	handler   http.Handler
+	tlsConfig *tls.Config
+	// muxLock guards entries and pendingRoutes.
+	muxLock       sync.Mutex
+	entries       map[types.AccountID]*inboundEntry
+	pendingRoutes map[types.AccountID][]pendingInboundRoute
+}
+
+// inboundEntry owns the listeners, router and HTTP servers for a single
+// account's embedded netstack. errorLogWriters retain the logrus pipe
+// writers backing each http.Server's ErrorLog so tearDown can close
+// them — otherwise the pipe + its scanner goroutine leak per account.
+type inboundEntry struct {
+	router          *nbtcp.Router
+	tlsListener     net.Listener
+	plainListener   net.Listener
+	httpsServer     *http.Server
+	httpServer      *http.Server
+	errorLogWriters []*io.PipeWriter
+	cancel          context.CancelFunc
+	wg              sync.WaitGroup
+}
+
+// pendingInboundRoute holds a route that arrived before the account's
+// listener finished starting.
+type pendingInboundRoute struct {
+	host  nbtcp.SNIHost
+	route nbtcp.Route
+}
+
+// newInboundManager constructs a manager bound to the proxy's HTTP
+// handler chain and TLS config.
+func newInboundManager(logger *log.Logger, handler http.Handler, tlsConfig *tls.Config) *inboundManager {
+	return &inboundManager{
+		logger:        logger,
+		handler:       handler,
+		tlsConfig:     tlsConfig,
+		entries:       make(map[types.AccountID]*inboundEntry),
+		pendingRoutes: make(map[types.AccountID][]pendingInboundRoute),
+	}
+}
+
+// onClientReady is registered with NetBird.SetClientLifecycle so the
+// listener pair comes up exactly when the embedded client reports ready.
+// The returned value is opaque to the roundtrip package; it is handed
+// back verbatim to onClientStop on teardown.
+func (m *inboundManager) onClientReady(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, client *embed.Client) any {
+	if m == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	entry, err := m.bringUp(ctx, accountID, client)
+	if err != nil {
+		m.logger.WithField("account_id", accountID).WithError(err).Warn("failed to start per-account inbound listener; continuing without inbound")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	m.flushPending(accountID, entry)
+
+	m.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"account_id": accountID,
+		"https":      entry.tlsListener.Addr().String(),
+		"http":       entry.plainListener.Addr().String(),
+	}).Info("per-account inbound listeners up")
+	return entry
+}
+
+// onClientStop tears down a per-account listener bundle. State is the
+// opaque value previously returned by onClientReady.
+func (m *inboundManager) onClientStop(accountID types.AccountID, state any) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	entry, ok := state.(*inboundEntry)
+	if !ok || entry == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	m.tearDown(accountID, entry)
+}
+
+// bringUp opens both listeners on the account's netstack, builds the
+// router, and starts the parallel HTTP servers.
+func (m *inboundManager) bringUp(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, client *embed.Client) (*inboundEntry, error) {
+	tlsListener, err := client.ListenTCP(fmt.Sprintf(":%d", privateInboundPortHTTPS))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listen tls on netstack: %w", err)
+	}
+	plainListener, err := client.ListenTCP(fmt.Sprintf(":%d", privateInboundPortHTTP))
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = tlsListener.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listen plain on netstack: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	router := nbtcp.NewRouter(m.logger, accountDialResolver(accountID, client), tlsListener.Addr(), nbtcp.WithPlainHTTP(plainListener.Addr()))
+
+	scopedHandler := withTunnelLookup(m.handler, accountTunnelLookup(client))
+
+	// markOverlayOrigin stamps every connection accepted by an inbound
+	// listener with a context value middlewares can read to skip
+	// geo/CrowdSec checks (the source address is always inside the
+	// NetBird CGNAT range and won't match either dataset).
+	markOverlayOrigin := func(ctx context.Context, _ net.Conn) context.Context {
+		return types.WithOverlayOrigin(ctx)
+	}
+
+	httpsErrLog, httpsErrW := newInboundErrorLog(m.logger, "https", accountID)
+	httpErrLog, httpErrW := newInboundErrorLog(m.logger, "http", accountID)
+
+	httpsServer := &http.Server{
+		Handler:           scopedHandler,
+		TLSConfig:         m.tlsConfig,
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: httpInboundReadHeaderTimeout,
+		IdleTimeout:       httpInboundIdleTimeout,
+		ErrorLog:          httpsErrLog,
+		ConnContext:       markOverlayOrigin,
+	}
+	httpServer := &http.Server{
+		Handler:           scopedHandler,
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: httpInboundReadHeaderTimeout,
+		IdleTimeout:       httpInboundIdleTimeout,
+		ErrorLog:          httpErrLog,
+		ConnContext:       markOverlayOrigin,
+	}
+
+	runCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	entry := &inboundEntry{
+		router:          router,
+		tlsListener:     tlsListener,
+		plainListener:   plainListener,
+		httpsServer:     httpsServer,
+		httpServer:      httpServer,
+		errorLogWriters: []*io.PipeWriter{httpsErrW, httpErrW},
+		cancel:          cancel,
+	}
+
+	entry.wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer entry.wg.Done()
+		if err := router.Serve(runCtx, tlsListener); err != nil {
+			m.logger.WithField("account_id", accountID).Debugf("per-account router stopped: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	entry.wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer entry.wg.Done()
+		if err := httpsServer.ServeTLS(router.HTTPListener(), "", ""); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
+			m.logger.WithField("account_id", accountID).Debugf("per-account https server stopped: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	entry.wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer entry.wg.Done()
+		if err := httpServer.Serve(router.HTTPListenerPlain()); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
+			m.logger.WithField("account_id", accountID).Debugf("per-account http server stopped: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	entry.wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer entry.wg.Done()
+		feedRouterFromListener(runCtx, plainListener, router, m.logger, accountID)
+	}()
+
+	m.muxLock.Lock()
+	m.entries[accountID] = entry
+	m.muxLock.Unlock()
+
+	return entry, nil
+}
+
+// tearDown shuts every goroutine down and closes the netstack listeners.
+func (m *inboundManager) tearDown(accountID types.AccountID, entry *inboundEntry) {
+	m.muxLock.Lock()
+	if m.entries[accountID] == entry {
+		delete(m.entries, accountID)
+		delete(m.pendingRoutes, accountID)
+	}
+	m.muxLock.Unlock()
+
+	entry.cancel()
+
+	shutdownCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), inboundShutdownTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if err := entry.httpsServer.Shutdown(shutdownCtx); err != nil {
+		m.logger.Debugf("per-account https shutdown: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := entry.httpServer.Shutdown(shutdownCtx); err != nil {
+		m.logger.Debugf("per-account http shutdown: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := entry.tlsListener.Close(); err != nil {
+		m.logger.Debugf("close per-account tls listener: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := entry.plainListener.Close(); err != nil {
+		m.logger.Debugf("close per-account plain listener: %v", err)
+	}
+	entry.wg.Wait()
+	// Close the ErrorLog pipes only after the http.Servers have fully
+	// stopped so any straggling stdlib write doesn't race with the
+	// close. Each writer also tears down the logrus scanner goroutine.
+	for _, w := range entry.errorLogWriters {
+		if err := w.Close(); err != nil {
+			m.logger.Debugf("close per-account inbound error log writer: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// AddRoute records an SNI/host route on the account's per-account router.
+// Routes registered before the listener is up are queued and replayed
+// once startup completes.
+func (m *inboundManager) AddRoute(accountID types.AccountID, host nbtcp.SNIHost, route nbtcp.Route) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	m.muxLock.Lock()
+	entry, ok := m.entries[accountID]
+	if !ok {
+		m.queuePendingLocked(accountID, host, route)
+		m.muxLock.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	router := entry.router
+	m.muxLock.Unlock()
+
+	router.AddRoute(host, route)
+}
+
+// RemoveRoute drops a previously registered route. Safe to call when the
+// listener is not yet up; queued copies are pruned in that case.
+func (m *inboundManager) RemoveRoute(accountID types.AccountID, host nbtcp.SNIHost, svcID types.ServiceID) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	m.muxLock.Lock()
+	m.dropPendingLocked(accountID, host, svcID)
+	entry, ok := m.entries[accountID]
+	if !ok {
+		m.muxLock.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	router := entry.router
+	m.muxLock.Unlock()
+
+	router.RemoveRoute(host, svcID)
+}
+
+// queuePendingLocked stores or upserts a pending route. Caller holds muxLock.
+func (m *inboundManager) queuePendingLocked(accountID types.AccountID, host nbtcp.SNIHost, route nbtcp.Route) {
+	queued := m.pendingRoutes[accountID]
+	for i, pr := range queued {
+		if pr.host == host && pr.route.ServiceID == route.ServiceID {
+			queued[i] = pendingInboundRoute{host: host, route: route}
+			m.pendingRoutes[accountID] = queued
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	m.pendingRoutes[accountID] = append(queued, pendingInboundRoute{host: host, route: route})
+}
+
+// dropPendingLocked removes any queued route matching host/svcID.
+// Caller holds muxLock.
+func (m *inboundManager) dropPendingLocked(accountID types.AccountID, host nbtcp.SNIHost, svcID types.ServiceID) {
+	queued, ok := m.pendingRoutes[accountID]
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	filtered := queued[:0]
+	for _, pr := range queued {
+		if pr.host == host && pr.route.ServiceID == svcID {
+			continue
+		}
+		filtered = append(filtered, pr)
+	}
+	if len(filtered) == 0 {
+		delete(m.pendingRoutes, accountID)
+		return
+	}
+	m.pendingRoutes[accountID] = filtered
+}
+
+// flushPending applies all queued routes to a freshly-up router.
+func (m *inboundManager) flushPending(accountID types.AccountID, entry *inboundEntry) {
+	m.muxLock.Lock()
+	queued := m.pendingRoutes[accountID]
+	delete(m.pendingRoutes, accountID)
+	m.muxLock.Unlock()
+
+	for _, pr := range queued {
+		entry.router.AddRoute(pr.host, pr.route)
+	}
+}
+
+// HasInbound reports whether the manager has a live listener for the account.
+// Used by tests.
+func (m *inboundManager) HasInbound(accountID types.AccountID) bool {
+	if m == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	m.muxLock.Lock()
+	defer m.muxLock.Unlock()
+	_, ok := m.entries[accountID]
+	return ok
+}
+
+// PendingRouteCount reports the number of queued routes for the account.
+// Used by tests.
+func (m *inboundManager) PendingRouteCount(accountID types.AccountID) int {
+	if m == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	m.muxLock.Lock()
+	defer m.muxLock.Unlock()
+	return len(m.pendingRoutes[accountID])
+}
+
+// InboundListenerInfo describes the bound addresses of a single
+// per-account inbound listener. Both addresses live on the embedded
+// netstack of the account's WireGuard client and share the same tunnel IP.
+type InboundListenerInfo struct {
+	TunnelIP  string
+	HTTPSPort uint16
+	HTTPPort  uint16
+}
+
+// ListenerInfo returns the inbound listener addresses for the given
+// account, or ok=false when the account has no live listener. Used by
+// the status-update RPC and the debug HTTP handler to surface inbound
+// reachability to operators.
+func (m *inboundManager) ListenerInfo(accountID types.AccountID) (InboundListenerInfo, bool) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return InboundListenerInfo{}, false
+	}
+	m.muxLock.Lock()
+	defer m.muxLock.Unlock()
+	entry, ok := m.entries[accountID]
+	if !ok || entry == nil {
+		return InboundListenerInfo{}, false
+	}
+	return listenerInfoFromEntry(entry), true
+}
+
+// Snapshot returns the inbound listener state for every account that has
+// a live listener at call time. Empty when --private is off or
+// no accounts have come up yet.
+func (m *inboundManager) Snapshot() map[types.AccountID]InboundListenerInfo {
+	if m == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	m.muxLock.Lock()
+	defer m.muxLock.Unlock()
+	if len(m.entries) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(map[types.AccountID]InboundListenerInfo, len(m.entries))
+	for id, entry := range m.entries {
+		if entry == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out[id] = listenerInfoFromEntry(entry)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// listenerInfoFromEntry extracts the tunnel IP and ports from a live
+// per-account entry. Both listeners are bound on the same netstack so
+// their host components match; we still pull the TLS host as the
+// authoritative source.
+func listenerInfoFromEntry(entry *inboundEntry) InboundListenerInfo {
+	info := InboundListenerInfo{HTTPSPort: privateInboundPortHTTPS, HTTPPort: privateInboundPortHTTP}
+	if entry.tlsListener != nil {
+		host, port := splitHostPort(entry.tlsListener.Addr())
+		info.TunnelIP = host
+		if port != 0 {
+			info.HTTPSPort = port
+		}
+	}
+	if entry.plainListener != nil {
+		host, port := splitHostPort(entry.plainListener.Addr())
+		if info.TunnelIP == "" {
+			info.TunnelIP = host
+		}
+		if port != 0 {
+			info.HTTPPort = port
+		}
+	}
+	return info
+}
+
+// splitHostPort extracts host and port from a net.Addr, returning the
+// zero values when the address is missing or malformed.
+func splitHostPort(addr net.Addr) (string, uint16) {
+	if addr == nil {
+		return "", 0
+	}
+	host, portStr, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", 0
+	}
+	if portStr == "" {
+		return host, 0
+	}
+	port, err := strconv.ParseUint(portStr, 10, 16)
+	if err != nil {
+		return host, 0
+	}
+	return host, uint16(port)
+}
+
+// feedRouterFromListener accepts on the plain-HTTP netstack listener and
+// hands every connection to the account's router. The router peeks the
+// first byte and dispatches to the plain-HTTP channel for non-TLS
+// streams or the TLS channel for ClientHellos that arrive on :80.
+func feedRouterFromListener(ctx context.Context, ln net.Listener, router *nbtcp.Router, logger *log.Logger, accountID types.AccountID) {
+	go func() {
+		<-ctx.Done()
+		_ = ln.Close()
+	}()
+
+	for {
+		conn, err := ln.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			if ctx.Err() != nil || errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed) {
+				return
+			}
+			logger.WithField("account_id", accountID).Debugf("plain inbound accept: %v", err)
+			continue
+		}
+		router.HandleConn(ctx, conn)
+	}
+}
+
+// accountDialResolver returns a DialResolver bound to a single account's
+// embedded client. The router only ever serves traffic for that account
+// so the supplied accountID is ignored at dial time.
+func accountDialResolver(_ types.AccountID, client *embed.Client) nbtcp.DialResolver {
+	return func(_ types.AccountID) (types.DialContextFunc, error) {
+		return client.DialContext, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// accountTunnelLookup returns a TunnelLookupFunc backed by the embedded
+// client's peerstore for a single account. Phase 3 uses the result to
+// short-circuit ValidateTunnelPeer when the source IP is not in the
+// account's roster and to seed the cached identity for known peers.
+func accountTunnelLookup(client *embed.Client) auth.TunnelLookupFunc {
+	if client == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return func(ip netip.Addr) (auth.PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		pubKey, fqdn, ok := client.IdentityForIP(ip)
+		if !ok {
+			return auth.PeerIdentity{}, false
+		}
+		return auth.PeerIdentity{
+			PubKey:   pubKey,
+			TunnelIP: ip,
+			FQDN:     fqdn,
+		}, true
+	}
+}
+
+// withTunnelLookup returns an http.Handler that attaches the per-account
+// peerstore lookup to every request's context before delegating to next.
+// Calling on the host-level listener is a no-op because that path never
+// installs this wrapper, so the existing behaviour stays byte-for-byte
+// identical when --private is off or the request didn't arrive
+// on a per-account listener.
+func withTunnelLookup(next http.Handler, lookup auth.TunnelLookupFunc) http.Handler {
+	if lookup == nil {
+		return next
+	}
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		ctx := auth.WithTunnelLookup(r.Context(), lookup)
+		next.ServeHTTP(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
+	})
+}
+
+// inboundDebugAdapter adapts *inboundManager to the debug.InboundProvider
+// interface so the debug HTTP handler can render per-account inbound
+// listener state without importing the proxy package.
+type inboundDebugAdapter struct {
+	mgr *inboundManager
+}
+
+// InboundListeners returns a snapshot of the live per-account inbound
+// listeners formatted for the debug surface.
+func (a inboundDebugAdapter) InboundListeners() map[types.AccountID]debug.InboundListenerInfo {
+	if a.mgr == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	snap := a.mgr.Snapshot()
+	if len(snap) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(map[types.AccountID]debug.InboundListenerInfo, len(snap))
+	for id, info := range snap {
+		out[id] = debug.InboundListenerInfo{
+			TunnelIP:  info.TunnelIP,
+			HTTPSPort: info.HTTPSPort,
+			HTTPPort:  info.HTTPPort,
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// newInboundErrorLog routes a per-account http.Server's stdlib error
+// stream through logrus at warn level. The returned PipeWriter must be
+// closed by the caller (tearDown) once the http.Server has shut down —
+// otherwise the pipe and its scanner goroutine leak per account, see
+// logrus.Entry.WriterLevel.
+func newInboundErrorLog(logger *log.Logger, scheme string, accountID types.AccountID) (*stdlog.Logger, *io.PipeWriter) {
+	w := logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"inbound-http": scheme,
+		"account_id":   accountID,
+	}).WriterLevel(log.WarnLevel)
+	return stdlog.New(w, "", 0), w
+}
diff --git a/proxy/inbound_test.go b/proxy/inbound_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..584a04238
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/inbound_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,535 @@
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/netip"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/auth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/roundtrip"
+	nbtcp "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/tcp"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// bufioReader wraps the connection in a buffered reader so http.ReadResponse
+// can parse the response line + headers off the wire.
+func bufioReader(conn net.Conn) *bufio.Reader {
+	return bufio.NewReader(conn)
+}
+
+// quietLogger returns a logger that emits nothing — keeps test output tidy.
+func quietLogger() *log.Logger {
+	logger := log.New()
+	logger.SetLevel(log.PanicLevel)
+	return logger
+}
+
+func TestInboundManager_RouteScopedToAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := newInboundManager(quietLogger(), http.NotFoundHandler(), nil)
+
+	accountA := types.AccountID("acct-a")
+	accountB := types.AccountID("acct-b")
+
+	mgr.AddRoute(accountA, "shared.example", nbtcp.Route{Type: nbtcp.RouteHTTP, AccountID: accountA, ServiceID: "svc-a", Domain: "shared.example"})
+	mgr.AddRoute(accountB, "other.example", nbtcp.Route{Type: nbtcp.RouteHTTP, AccountID: accountB, ServiceID: "svc-b", Domain: "other.example"})
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, mgr.PendingRouteCount(accountA), "account A should have one queued route")
+	require.Equal(t, 1, mgr.PendingRouteCount(accountB), "account B should have one queued route")
+
+	mgr.RemoveRoute(accountA, "shared.example", "svc-a")
+	mgr.RemoveRoute(accountB, "other.example", "svc-b")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, mgr.PendingRouteCount(accountA), "queue should drain on remove")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, mgr.PendingRouteCount(accountB), "queue should drain on remove")
+}
+
+func TestInboundManager_PendingThenFlush(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := newInboundManager(quietLogger(), http.NotFoundHandler(), nil)
+
+	accountID := types.AccountID("acct-1")
+	host := nbtcp.SNIHost("example.test")
+	route := nbtcp.Route{Type: nbtcp.RouteHTTP, AccountID: accountID, ServiceID: "svc-1", Domain: "example.test"}
+
+	mgr.AddRoute(accountID, host, route)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, mgr.PendingRouteCount(accountID), "pending count before listener is up")
+
+	// Simulate listener up by registering a fake entry, then flushing.
+	router := nbtcp.NewRouter(quietLogger(), nil, &fakeAddr{addr: "127.0.0.1:0"})
+	entry := &inboundEntry{router: router}
+	mgr.muxLock.Lock()
+	mgr.entries[accountID] = entry
+	mgr.muxLock.Unlock()
+
+	mgr.flushPending(accountID, entry)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, mgr.PendingRouteCount(accountID), "queue should be empty after flush")
+}
+
+// fakeAddr is a stub net.Addr for tests that don't actually bind sockets.
+type fakeAddr struct {
+	addr string
+}
+
+func (a *fakeAddr) Network() string { return "tcp" }
+func (a *fakeAddr) String() string  { return a.addr }
+
+// fakeMgmtClient implements roundtrip.managementClient for tests.
+type fakeMgmtClient struct{}
+
+func (fakeMgmtClient) CreateProxyPeer(_ context.Context, _ *proto.CreateProxyPeerRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.CreateProxyPeerResponse, error) {
+	return &proto.CreateProxyPeerResponse{Success: true}, nil
+}
+
+// TestServer_PrivateInbound_NotEnabled_NoManager confirms that with
+// --private off the inbound manager is nil and the standalone proxy
+// keeps its zero-overhead default path.
+func TestServer_PrivateInbound_NotEnabled_NoManager(t *testing.T) {
+	s := &Server{Logger: quietLogger(), Private: false}
+	s.initPrivateInbound(http.NotFoundHandler(), nil)
+	assert.Nil(t, s.inbound, "manager should remain nil when --private is off")
+}
+
+// TestServer_PrivateInbound_Enabled_WiresLifecycle confirms that
+// --private alone wires the manager into the NetBird transport, so
+// AddPeer / RemovePeer drive the lifecycle.
+func TestServer_PrivateInbound_Enabled_WiresLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
+	s := &Server{Logger: quietLogger(), Private: true}
+	// Construct a NetBird transport. We can't actually start the embedded
+	// client here (that needs a real management server), but we can
+	// confirm that the lifecycle callbacks are registered.
+	s.netbird = roundtrip.NewNetBird(t.Context(), "test", "test", roundtrip.ClientConfig{
+		MgmtAddr: "http://invalid.test",
+	}, quietLogger(), nil, fakeMgmtClient{})
+
+	s.initPrivateInbound(http.NotFoundHandler(), &tls.Config{}) //nolint:gosec
+	require.NotNil(t, s.inbound, "manager should be set when --private is on")
+	assert.NotNil(t, s.inbound.handler, "handler should be set on manager")
+	assert.NotNil(t, s.inbound.tlsConfig, "tls config should be set on manager")
+}
+
+// TestInboundManager_AddRouteAfterReady_RegistersDirectly verifies that
+// when the listener is already up, AddRoute writes straight to the
+// router without queueing.
+func TestInboundManager_AddRouteAfterReady_RegistersDirectly(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := newInboundManager(quietLogger(), http.NotFoundHandler(), nil)
+	accountID := types.AccountID("acct-1")
+	router := nbtcp.NewRouter(quietLogger(), nil, &fakeAddr{addr: "127.0.0.1:0"})
+
+	mgr.muxLock.Lock()
+	mgr.entries[accountID] = &inboundEntry{router: router}
+	mgr.muxLock.Unlock()
+
+	host := nbtcp.SNIHost("ready.example")
+	mgr.AddRoute(accountID, host, nbtcp.Route{Type: nbtcp.RouteHTTP, AccountID: accountID, ServiceID: "svc-ready", Domain: string(host)})
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, mgr.PendingRouteCount(accountID), "no pending entries when listener is up")
+}
+
+// TestPrivateCapability_DerivedFromPrivateOnly tests that the capability
+// bit reported upstream tracks --private exclusively. The previous
+// --private flag has been folded into --private.
+func TestPrivateCapability_DerivedFromPrivateOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		private  bool
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{"off", false, false},
+		{"on", true, true},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			s := &Server{Private: tt.private}
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, s.Private, "private capability bit should match --private")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestInboundManager_RouteScopedToAccountB_DoesNotMatchA verifies that a
+// service registered for account B is invisible to a router serving
+// account A. We exercise the path through real per-account routers.
+func TestInboundManager_RouteScopedToAccountB_DoesNotMatchA(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := newInboundManager(quietLogger(), http.NotFoundHandler(), nil)
+
+	accountA := types.AccountID("acct-a")
+	accountB := types.AccountID("acct-b")
+	routerA := nbtcp.NewRouter(quietLogger(), nil, &fakeAddr{addr: "127.0.0.1:0"})
+	routerB := nbtcp.NewRouter(quietLogger(), nil, &fakeAddr{addr: "127.0.0.1:0"})
+
+	mgr.muxLock.Lock()
+	mgr.entries[accountA] = &inboundEntry{router: routerA}
+	mgr.entries[accountB] = &inboundEntry{router: routerB}
+	mgr.muxLock.Unlock()
+
+	host := nbtcp.SNIHost("shared.example")
+	mgr.AddRoute(accountB, host, nbtcp.Route{Type: nbtcp.RouteHTTP, AccountID: accountB, ServiceID: "svc-b", Domain: string(host)})
+
+	// Account A's router should have no routes; account B's should have one.
+	// We check via IsEmpty — true means no routes and no fallback.
+	assert.True(t, routerA.IsEmpty(), "account A router must not see account B's mappings")
+	assert.False(t, routerB.IsEmpty(), "account B router should hold its own mapping")
+}
+
+// TestInboundEntry_ShutdownIdempotent ensures that tearDown can run twice
+// without panicking — callers may invoke it from RemovePeer + StopAll.
+func TestInboundEntry_ShutdownIdempotent(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Skip("teardown requires real netstack listeners; covered by integration tests")
+}
+
+// TestRouter_PlainHTTP_ForwardedProtoIsHTTP exercises the full per-account
+// router pipeline against a loopback listener (proxy of a netstack
+// listener for test purposes): a plain HTTP request lands on the plain
+// http.Server and the inner handler observes a nil r.TLS, which is what
+// auth.ResolveProto translates to "http" in the real pipeline.
+func TestRouter_PlainHTTP_ForwardedProtoIsHTTP(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := quietLogger()
+
+	var captured atomic.Value
+	captured.Store("")
+
+	handler := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.TLS == nil {
+			captured.Store("http")
+		} else {
+			captured.Store("https")
+		}
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte("ok"))
+	})
+
+	hostListener, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "loopback listener bind must succeed")
+	defer hostListener.Close()
+
+	router := nbtcp.NewRouter(logger, nil, hostListener.Addr(), nbtcp.WithPlainHTTP(hostListener.Addr()))
+	httpServer := &http.Server{Handler: handler, ReadHeaderTimeout: time.Second}
+	defer func() { _ = httpServer.Close() }()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	go func() { _ = httpServer.Serve(router.HTTPListenerPlain()) }()
+	go func() { _ = router.Serve(ctx, hostListener) }()
+
+	conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", hostListener.Addr().String(), 2*time.Second)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "plain HTTP dial must succeed")
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	_, err = conn.Write([]byte("GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: example.com\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n"))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "write must succeed")
+
+	resp, err := http.ReadResponse(bufioReader(conn), nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "must read response")
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode)
+	assert.Equal(t, "http", captured.Load(), "ForwardedProto must be http on plain path")
+}
+
+// TestWithTunnelLookup_AttachesLookupToContext verifies that requests
+// flowing through the per-account handler wrapper carry the peerstore
+// lookup function. Phase 3's local-first deny path depends on this.
+func TestWithTunnelLookup_AttachesLookupToContext(t *testing.T) {
+	expected := auth.PeerIdentity{TunnelIP: netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10"), FQDN: "peer.netbird"}
+	lookup := auth.TunnelLookupFunc(func(_ netip.Addr) (auth.PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		return expected, true
+	})
+
+	var observed auth.TunnelLookupFunc
+	inner := http.HandlerFunc(func(_ http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		observed = auth.TunnelLookupFromContext(r.Context())
+	})
+
+	handler := withTunnelLookup(inner, lookup)
+	r := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://svc.example/", nil)
+	handler.ServeHTTP(httptest.NewRecorder(), r)
+
+	require.NotNil(t, observed, "wrapper must inject the lookup into the request context")
+	got, ok := observed(netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10"))
+	assert.True(t, ok, "lookup must round-trip through context")
+	assert.Equal(t, expected.FQDN, got.FQDN, "lookup must return the same identity it was constructed with")
+}
+
+// TestWithTunnelLookup_NilLookupIsNoop confirms the wrapper is a pure
+// pass-through when no lookup is provided. Required for the host-level
+// listener path to keep its byte-for-byte previous behaviour.
+func TestWithTunnelLookup_NilLookupIsNoop(t *testing.T) {
+	var called bool
+	inner := http.HandlerFunc(func(_ http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		called = true
+		assert.Nil(t, auth.TunnelLookupFromContext(r.Context()), "host-level path must not see a lookup function")
+	})
+
+	handler := withTunnelLookup(inner, nil)
+	r := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://svc.example/", nil)
+	handler.ServeHTTP(httptest.NewRecorder(), r)
+	assert.True(t, called, "wrapper without lookup must still invoke next")
+}
+
+// fakeListener satisfies net.Listener for snapshot tests without binding
+// a real socket on the netstack.
+type fakeListener struct {
+	addr net.Addr
+}
+
+func (f *fakeListener) Accept() (net.Conn, error) { return nil, net.ErrClosed }
+func (f *fakeListener) Close() error              { return nil }
+func (f *fakeListener) Addr() net.Addr            { return f.addr }
+
+// TestInboundManager_ListenerInfo confirms ListenerInfo and Snapshot
+// surface the bound tunnel-IP and ports for live entries.
+func TestInboundManager_ListenerInfo(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := newInboundManager(quietLogger(), http.NotFoundHandler(), nil)
+	accountID := types.AccountID("acct-info")
+
+	tlsAddr := &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("100.64.0.5"), Port: privateInboundPortHTTPS}
+	plainAddr := &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("100.64.0.5"), Port: privateInboundPortHTTP}
+	mgr.muxLock.Lock()
+	mgr.entries[accountID] = &inboundEntry{
+		tlsListener:   &fakeListener{addr: tlsAddr},
+		plainListener: &fakeListener{addr: plainAddr},
+	}
+	mgr.muxLock.Unlock()
+
+	info, ok := mgr.ListenerInfo(accountID)
+	require.True(t, ok, "ListenerInfo must report ok for live entry")
+	assert.Equal(t, "100.64.0.5", info.TunnelIP, "tunnel IP must come from listener address")
+	assert.Equal(t, uint16(privateInboundPortHTTPS), info.HTTPSPort, "TLS port must match bound port")
+	assert.Equal(t, uint16(privateInboundPortHTTP), info.HTTPPort, "HTTP port must match bound port")
+
+	snap := mgr.Snapshot()
+	require.Len(t, snap, 1, "snapshot must contain exactly one entry")
+	assert.Equal(t, info, snap[accountID], "snapshot entry must equal direct lookup")
+
+	_, ok = mgr.ListenerInfo(types.AccountID("missing"))
+	assert.False(t, ok, "ListenerInfo must report ok=false for unknown accounts")
+}
+
+// TestInboundManager_NilManagerSafe ensures the observability accessors
+// are safe to call when --private is off (nil manager).
+func TestInboundManager_NilManagerSafe(t *testing.T) {
+	var mgr *inboundManager
+	_, ok := mgr.ListenerInfo("anything")
+	assert.False(t, ok, "nil manager must return ok=false")
+	assert.Nil(t, mgr.Snapshot(), "nil manager must return nil snapshot")
+}
+
+// TestInboundManager_ConcurrentAddRemove pounds AddRoute / RemoveRoute
+// from multiple goroutines to expose any locking gaps.
+func TestInboundManager_ConcurrentAddRemove(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := newInboundManager(quietLogger(), http.NotFoundHandler(), nil)
+	accountID := types.AccountID("acct-1")
+	const workers = 32
+	const iterations = 50
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(workers)
+	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
+		go func(idx int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			host := nbtcp.SNIHost("example.test")
+			svc := types.ServiceID("svc")
+			route := nbtcp.Route{Type: nbtcp.RouteHTTP, AccountID: accountID, ServiceID: svc, Domain: "example.test"}
+			for j := 0; j < iterations; j++ {
+				mgr.AddRoute(accountID, host, route)
+				mgr.RemoveRoute(accountID, host, svc)
+			}
+		}(i)
+	}
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		wg.Wait()
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("concurrent add/remove timed out")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFeedRouterFromListener_DeliversConnectionToHandler validates the
+// per-account inbound chain end-to-end with a loopback listener
+// substituted for the embedded netstack: a TCP connection arriving at
+// the plain listener flows through feedRouterFromListener, the router's
+// peek-and-dispatch, the wrapped HTTP server, and reaches the user
+// handler. If the embedded netstack is delivering connections at all,
+// this is the path they take. Failures localise to wiring bugs in the
+// proxy, not the netstack.
+func TestFeedRouterFromListener_DeliversConnectionToHandler(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := quietLogger()
+
+	hits := make(chan string, 1)
+	handler := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		hits <- r.Host
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte("served"))
+	})
+
+	plainLn, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "plain loopback bind must succeed")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = plainLn.Close() })
+
+	router := nbtcp.NewRouter(logger, nil, &fakeAddr{addr: "127.0.0.1:0"}, nbtcp.WithPlainHTTP(plainLn.Addr()))
+
+	httpServer := &http.Server{Handler: handler, ReadHeaderTimeout: time.Second}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = httpServer.Close() })
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+
+	go func() { _ = httpServer.Serve(router.HTTPListenerPlain()) }()
+	go feedRouterFromListener(ctx, plainLn, router, logger, types.AccountID("acct-1"))
+
+	conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", plainLn.Addr().String(), 2*time.Second)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "must connect to the plain listener")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = conn.Close() })
+
+	_, err = conn.Write([]byte("GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: app.example\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n"))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "request write must succeed")
+
+	resp, err := http.ReadResponse(bufioReader(conn), nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "must read response from server")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() })
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode, "handler must be reached")
+
+	select {
+	case host := <-hits:
+		assert.Equal(t, "app.example", host, "handler must observe the request Host")
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("handler was not invoked — connection did not flow through router → http server")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFeedRouterFromListener_DispatchesTLSToTLSChannel verifies that a
+// TLS ClientHello arriving on the plain listener is detected by the
+// router peek and re-dispatched to the TLS channel — the cross-channel
+// fallback the inbound stack relies on for HTTPS-on-:80 testing.
+func TestFeedRouterFromListener_DispatchesTLSToTLSChannel(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := quietLogger()
+
+	hits := make(chan string, 1)
+	tlsHandler := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		hits <- r.Host
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte("served-tls"))
+	})
+
+	plainLn, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "plain loopback bind must succeed")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = plainLn.Close() })
+
+	tlsLn, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "tls loopback bind must succeed")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = tlsLn.Close() })
+
+	router := nbtcp.NewRouter(logger, nil, tlsLn.Addr(), nbtcp.WithPlainHTTP(plainLn.Addr()))
+
+	tlsConfig := selfSignedTLSConfig(t)
+	httpsServer := &http.Server{
+		Handler:           tlsHandler,
+		TLSConfig:         tlsConfig,
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: time.Second,
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = httpsServer.Close() })
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+
+	go func() { _ = httpsServer.ServeTLS(router.HTTPListener(), "", "") }()
+	go feedRouterFromListener(ctx, plainLn, router, logger, types.AccountID("acct-tls"))
+
+	tlsConn, err := tls.Dial("tcp", plainLn.Addr().String(), &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true}) //nolint:gosec
+	require.NoError(t, err, "TLS dial against the plain listener must succeed (cross-channel)")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = tlsConn.Close() })
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://app.example/", nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, req.Write(tlsConn), "TLS request write must succeed")
+
+	resp, err := http.ReadResponse(bufioReader(tlsConn), req)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "must read TLS response")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() })
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode, "TLS handler must be reached")
+
+	select {
+	case host := <-hits:
+		assert.Equal(t, "app.example", host, "TLS handler must observe the request Host")
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("TLS handler was not invoked — peek/dispatch path is broken")
+	}
+}
+
+func selfSignedTLSConfig(t *testing.T) *tls.Config {
+	t.Helper()
+	cert, err := tls.X509KeyPair(testCertPEM, testKeyPEM)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "load static self-signed cert")
+	return &tls.Config{Certificates: []tls.Certificate{cert}, MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12} //nolint:gosec
+}
+
+// TestNewInboundErrorLog_WriterIsCloseable guards the close path on the
+// logrus PipeWriter that backs each per-account http.Server's ErrorLog.
+// logrus.Entry.WriterLevel returns an *io.PipeWriter that owns a pipe +
+// scanner goroutine; the caller must Close() it on teardown or the
+// resources leak per account. The contract is verified two ways:
+//
+//   - the constructor returns a non-nil writer the caller can keep,
+//   - writing to the writer after Close() fails with io.ErrClosedPipe,
+//     which is the only externally observable sign that Close was wired.
+//
+// A leaking refactor (forgetting to thread the writer to tearDown, or
+// dropping the Close call) would still pass this test individually but
+// fail an integration goleak check; this unit test is the cheap first
+// line of defence.
+func TestNewInboundErrorLog_WriterIsCloseable(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := quietLogger()
+	stdLog, writer := newInboundErrorLog(logger, "https", types.AccountID("acct-1"))
+
+	require.NotNil(t, stdLog, "newInboundErrorLog must return a non-nil *log.Logger")
+	require.NotNil(t, writer, "newInboundErrorLog must return the underlying PipeWriter so tearDown can Close it")
+
+	// First Close succeeds.
+	require.NoError(t, writer.Close(), "PipeWriter.Close should succeed the first time")
+
+	// After Close, the writer must refuse new writes — that's the only
+	// behavioural signal that the pipe (and its scanner goroutine) has
+	// shut down.
+	_, err := writer.Write([]byte("post-close write\n"))
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, io.ErrClosedPipe,
+		"writes after Close must surface io.ErrClosedPipe so callers know the writer is gone")
+}
+
+// testCertPEM / testKeyPEM are a minimal RSA self-signed cert for
+// 127.0.0.1 — only used by tests that need a working TLS handshake.
+var testCertPEM = []byte(`-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----`)
+var testKeyPEM = []byte(`-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----
+MHcCAQEEIIrYSSNQFaA2Hwf1duRSxKtLYX5CB04fSeQ6tF1aY/PuoAoGCCqGSM49
+AwEHoUQDQgAEPR3tU2Fta9ktY+6P9G0cWO+0kETA6SFs38GecTyudlHz6xvCdz8q
+EKTcWGekdmdDPsHloRNtsiCa697B2O9IFA==
+-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----`)
diff --git a/proxy/internal/auth/identity.go b/proxy/internal/auth/identity.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c49e0caa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/auth/identity.go
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+)
+
+// PeerIdentity describes the locally-known facts about a peer reachable on
+// the proxy's per-account WireGuard listener. Phase 3 fills PubKey, TunnelIP
+// and FQDN from the embedded client's peerstore. UserID, Email and Groups
+// stay zero in V1 — full identity still travels through ValidateTunnelPeer.
+// Phase V2 will populate them once RemotePeerConfig carries user identity.
+type PeerIdentity struct {
+	PubKey   string
+	TunnelIP netip.Addr
+	FQDN     string
+
+	// V2 fields (zero in V1).
+	UserID string
+	Email  string
+	Groups []string
+}
+
+// TunnelLookupFunc resolves a tunnel IP to a peer identity using locally
+// available peerstore data. ok=false means the IP is not in the calling
+// account's roster.
+type TunnelLookupFunc func(ip netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool)
+
+type tunnelLookupContextKey struct{}
+
+// WithTunnelLookup attaches a per-account peerstore lookup function to
+// the request context. The auth middleware calls this lookup before
+// hitting management's ValidateTunnelPeer to short-circuit unknown IPs
+// and to skip the RPC for already-cached identities.
+func WithTunnelLookup(ctx context.Context, lookup TunnelLookupFunc) context.Context {
+	if lookup == nil {
+		return ctx
+	}
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, tunnelLookupContextKey{}, lookup)
+}
+
+// TunnelLookupFromContext returns the peerstore lookup attached to ctx,
+// or nil when the request did not arrive on a per-account listener.
+func TunnelLookupFromContext(ctx context.Context) TunnelLookupFunc {
+	v, _ := ctx.Value(tunnelLookupContextKey{}).(TunnelLookupFunc)
+	return v
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/auth/middleware.go b/proxy/internal/auth/middleware.go
index 3b383f8b4..72630b085 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/auth/middleware.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/auth/middleware.go
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ type authenticator interface {
 // SessionValidator validates session tokens and checks user access permissions.
 type SessionValidator interface {
 	ValidateSession(ctx context.Context, in *proto.ValidateSessionRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.ValidateSessionResponse, error)
+	ValidateTunnelPeer(ctx context.Context, in *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error)
 }
 
 // Scheme defines an authentication mechanism for a domain.
@@ -56,12 +57,21 @@ type DomainConfig struct {
 	AccountID         types.AccountID
 	ServiceID         types.ServiceID
 	IPRestrictions    *restrict.Filter
+	// Private routes the domain through ValidateTunnelPeer; failure → 403.
+	Private bool
 }
 
 type validationResult struct {
 	UserID       string
+	UserEmail    string
 	Valid        bool
 	DeniedReason string
+	Groups       []string
+	// GroupNames carries the human-readable display names for Groups,
+	// ordered identically (positional pairing). May be shorter than
+	// Groups for tokens minted before names were embedded; the consumer
+	// falls back to ids for missing positions.
+	GroupNames []string
 }
 
 // Middleware applies per-domain authentication and IP restriction checks.
@@ -71,6 +81,7 @@ type Middleware struct {
 	logger           *log.Logger
 	sessionValidator SessionValidator
 	geo              restrict.GeoResolver
+	tunnelCache      *tunnelValidationCache
 }
 
 // NewMiddleware creates a new authentication middleware. The sessionValidator is
@@ -84,6 +95,7 @@ func NewMiddleware(logger *log.Logger, sessionValidator SessionValidator, geo re
 		logger:           logger,
 		sessionValidator: sessionValidator,
 		geo:              geo,
+		tunnelCache:      newTunnelValidationCache(),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -111,6 +123,15 @@ func (mw *Middleware) Protect(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 			return
 		}
 
+		// Private services bypass operator schemes and gate on tunnel peer.
+		if config.Private {
+			if mw.forwardWithTunnelPeer(w, r, host, config, next) {
+				return
+			}
+			http.Error(w, "Forbidden", http.StatusForbidden)
+			return
+		}
+
 		// Domains with no authentication schemes pass through after IP checks.
 		if len(config.Schemes) == 0 {
 			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
@@ -129,10 +150,54 @@ func (mw *Middleware) Protect(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 			return
 		}
 
+		if mw.forwardWithTunnelPeer(w, r, host, config, next) {
+			return
+		}
+
+		if mw.blockOIDCOnPlainHTTP(w, r, config) {
+			return
+		}
+
 		mw.authenticateWithSchemes(w, r, host, config)
 	})
 }
 
+// requestIsPlainHTTP reports whether the request arrived without TLS.
+// Used to gate cookie-on-plain warnings and the OIDC plain-HTTP block.
+func requestIsPlainHTTP(r *http.Request) bool {
+	return r.TLS == nil
+}
+
+// hasOIDCScheme reports whether any of the configured schemes requires
+// TLS to round-trip safely with an external IdP.
+func hasOIDCScheme(schemes []Scheme) bool {
+	for _, s := range schemes {
+		if s.Type() == auth.MethodOIDC {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// blockOIDCOnPlainHTTP fails fast when an OIDC-configured domain is hit
+// over plain HTTP. Most IdPs reject http:// redirect URIs, so surfacing
+// the misconfiguration here yields a clearer error than the IdP's
+// "invalid redirect_uri" round-trip.
+func (mw *Middleware) blockOIDCOnPlainHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, config DomainConfig) bool {
+	if !requestIsPlainHTTP(r) {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !hasOIDCScheme(config.Schemes) {
+		return false
+	}
+	mw.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"host":   r.Host,
+		"remote": r.RemoteAddr,
+	}).Warn("OIDC scheme reached on plain HTTP path; rejecting with 400 — use port 443")
+	http.Error(w, "OIDC requires TLS — use port 443", http.StatusBadRequest)
+	return true
+}
+
 func (mw *Middleware) getDomainConfig(host string) (DomainConfig, bool) {
 	mw.domainsMux.RLock()
 	defer mw.domainsMux.RUnlock()
@@ -162,7 +227,17 @@ func (mw *Middleware) checkIPRestrictions(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request
 		return false
 	}
 
-	verdict := config.IPRestrictions.Check(clientIP, mw.geo)
+	var verdict restrict.Verdict
+	if types.IsOverlayOrigin(r.Context()) {
+		// Geo/CrowdSec checks don't apply over the WireGuard overlay:
+		// the source address is always inside the NetBird CGNAT range,
+		// which is never in a GeoIP database or a CrowdSec decision
+		// list. Enforcing them here would either no-op (best case) or
+		// fail-closed when the geo database is missing.
+		verdict = config.IPRestrictions.CheckCIDR(clientIP)
+	} else {
+		verdict = config.IPRestrictions.Check(clientIP, mw.geo)
+	}
 	if verdict == restrict.Allow {
 		return true
 	}
@@ -246,18 +321,119 @@ func (mw *Middleware) forwardWithSessionCookie(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Re
 	if err != nil {
 		return false
 	}
-	userID, method, err := auth.ValidateSessionJWT(cookie.Value, host, config.SessionPublicKey)
+	userID, email, method, groups, groupNames, err := auth.ValidateSessionJWT(cookie.Value, host, config.SessionPublicKey)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false
 	}
 	if cd := proxy.CapturedDataFromContext(r.Context()); cd != nil {
 		cd.SetUserID(userID)
+		cd.SetUserEmail(email)
+		cd.SetUserGroups(groups)
+		cd.SetUserGroupNames(groupNames)
 		cd.SetAuthMethod(method)
 	}
 	next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
 	return true
 }
 
+// forwardWithTunnelPeer is the OIDC fast-path for requests originating on the
+// netbird mesh. When the source IP belongs to a private/CGNAT range the proxy
+// asks management to resolve it to a peer/user and to gate by the service's
+// distribution_groups. On success the proxy installs the freshly minted JWT
+// as a session cookie, sets UserID + Method=oidc on the captured data, and
+// forwards directly — operators see the same access-log shape as if the user
+// had completed an OIDC redirect. Any failure (private-range mismatch,
+// management unreachable, peer unknown, user not in group) returns false so
+// the caller falls back to the existing OIDC scheme dispatch.
+//
+// The fast-path is gated on TunnelLookupFromContext(r.Context()) being
+// present — that context value is attached only by the per-account
+// inbound (overlay) listener. The host listener never sets it, so a
+// public client whose source IP happens to fall inside an RFC1918 / ULA
+// / CGNAT range can't impersonate a mesh peer by colliding with a
+// tunnel-IP. Once we know the request arrived over WireGuard the
+// per-account peerstore lookup is consulted: a miss denies fast (no
+// management round-trip), a hit gates the cached ValidateTunnelPeer RPC
+// that mints the session JWT.
+func (mw *Middleware) forwardWithTunnelPeer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, host string, config DomainConfig, next http.Handler) bool {
+	if mw.sessionValidator == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	clientIP := mw.resolveClientIP(r)
+	if !clientIP.IsValid() {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Anti-spoof: only honour the tunnel-peer fast-path on requests that
+	// were stamped by an overlay listener. Without that marker an
+	// attacker could send a request from a colliding RFC1918 / CGNAT
+	// source on the public listener and bypass operator auth.
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFromContext(r.Context())
+	if lookup == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !isTunnelSourceIP(clientIP) {
+		return false
+	}
+	if _, ok := lookup(clientIP); !ok {
+		mw.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+			"host":   host,
+			"remote": clientIP,
+		}).Debug("local peerstore: tunnel IP not in account roster; denying without RPC")
+		return false
+	}
+
+	resp, _, err := mw.tunnelCache.fetch(r.Context(), tunnelCacheKey{
+		accountID: config.AccountID,
+		tunnelIP:  clientIP,
+		domain:    host,
+	}, mw.validateTunnelPeer)
+	if err != nil {
+		mw.logger.WithError(err).Debug("ValidateTunnelPeer failed; falling back to OIDC")
+		return false
+	}
+	if !resp.GetValid() || resp.GetSessionToken() == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	setSessionCookie(w, resp.GetSessionToken(), config.SessionExpiration)
+	if cd := proxy.CapturedDataFromContext(r.Context()); cd != nil {
+		cd.SetOrigin(proxy.OriginAuth)
+		cd.SetUserID(resp.GetUserId())
+		cd.SetUserEmail(resp.GetUserEmail())
+		cd.SetUserGroups(resp.GetPeerGroupIds())
+		cd.SetUserGroupNames(resp.GetPeerGroupNames())
+		cd.SetAuthMethod(auth.MethodOIDC.String())
+	}
+	next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	return true
+}
+
+// validateTunnelPeer adapts the SessionValidator interface to the cache's
+// validateTunnelPeerFn signature.
+func (mw *Middleware) validateTunnelPeer(ctx context.Context, req *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+	return mw.sessionValidator.ValidateTunnelPeer(ctx, req)
+}
+
+// cgnatPrefix covers RFC 6598 100.64.0.0/10, the CGNAT block NetBird
+// allocates tunnel addresses from by default. IsPrivate() doesn't include
+// it, so we check it explicitly.
+var cgnatPrefix = netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/10")
+
+// isTunnelSourceIP reports whether ip falls within an address range typical
+// of NetBird tunnels: RFC1918 private space, IPv6 ULA, or CGNAT 100.64/10
+// (NetBird's default range). Loopback and link-local are excluded — the
+// fast-path is meant for peer-to-peer mesh traffic, not localhost.
+func isTunnelSourceIP(ip netip.Addr) bool {
+	if !ip.IsValid() || ip.IsLoopback() || ip.IsLinkLocalUnicast() {
+		return false
+	}
+	if ip.IsPrivate() {
+		return true
+	}
+	return cgnatPrefix.Contains(ip)
+}
+
 // forwardWithHeaderAuth checks for a Header auth scheme. If the header validates,
 // the request is forwarded directly (no redirect), which is important for API clients.
 func (mw *Middleware) forwardWithHeaderAuth(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, host string, config DomainConfig, next http.Handler) bool {
@@ -286,7 +462,7 @@ func (mw *Middleware) tryHeaderScheme(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ho
 
 	result, err := mw.validateSessionToken(r.Context(), host, token, config.SessionPublicKey, auth.MethodHeader)
 	if err != nil {
-		setHeaderCapturedData(r.Context(), "")
+		setHeaderCapturedData(r.Context(), "", "", nil, nil)
 		status := http.StatusBadRequest
 		msg := "invalid session token"
 		if errors.Is(err, errValidationUnavailable) {
@@ -298,7 +474,7 @@ func (mw *Middleware) tryHeaderScheme(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ho
 	}
 
 	if !result.Valid {
-		setHeaderCapturedData(r.Context(), result.UserID)
+		setHeaderCapturedData(r.Context(), result.UserID, result.UserEmail, result.Groups, result.GroupNames)
 		http.Error(w, "Unauthorized", http.StatusUnauthorized)
 		return true
 	}
@@ -306,6 +482,9 @@ func (mw *Middleware) tryHeaderScheme(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ho
 	setSessionCookie(w, token, config.SessionExpiration)
 	if cd := proxy.CapturedDataFromContext(r.Context()); cd != nil {
 		cd.SetUserID(result.UserID)
+		cd.SetUserEmail(result.UserEmail)
+		cd.SetUserGroups(result.Groups)
+		cd.SetUserGroupNames(result.GroupNames)
 		cd.SetAuthMethod(auth.MethodHeader.String())
 	}
 
@@ -315,7 +494,7 @@ func (mw *Middleware) tryHeaderScheme(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ho
 
 func (mw *Middleware) handleHeaderAuthError(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, err error) bool {
 	if errors.Is(err, ErrHeaderAuthFailed) {
-		setHeaderCapturedData(r.Context(), "")
+		setHeaderCapturedData(r.Context(), "", "", nil, nil)
 		http.Error(w, "Unauthorized", http.StatusUnauthorized)
 		return true
 	}
@@ -327,7 +506,7 @@ func (mw *Middleware) handleHeaderAuthError(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Reque
 	return true
 }
 
-func setHeaderCapturedData(ctx context.Context, userID string) {
+func setHeaderCapturedData(ctx context.Context, userID, userEmail string, groups, groupNames []string) {
 	cd := proxy.CapturedDataFromContext(ctx)
 	if cd == nil {
 		return
@@ -335,6 +514,9 @@ func setHeaderCapturedData(ctx context.Context, userID string) {
 	cd.SetOrigin(proxy.OriginAuth)
 	cd.SetAuthMethod(auth.MethodHeader.String())
 	cd.SetUserID(userID)
+	cd.SetUserEmail(userEmail)
+	cd.SetUserGroups(groups)
+	cd.SetUserGroupNames(groupNames)
 }
 
 // authenticateWithSchemes tries each configured auth scheme in order.
@@ -405,6 +587,9 @@ func (mw *Middleware) handleAuthenticatedToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Re
 		if cd := proxy.CapturedDataFromContext(r.Context()); cd != nil {
 			cd.SetOrigin(proxy.OriginAuth)
 			cd.SetUserID(result.UserID)
+			cd.SetUserEmail(result.UserEmail)
+			cd.SetUserGroups(result.Groups)
+			cd.SetUserGroupNames(result.GroupNames)
 			cd.SetAuthMethod(scheme.Type().String())
 			requestID = cd.GetRequestID()
 		}
@@ -419,6 +604,9 @@ func (mw *Middleware) handleAuthenticatedToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Re
 	if cd := proxy.CapturedDataFromContext(r.Context()); cd != nil {
 		cd.SetOrigin(proxy.OriginAuth)
 		cd.SetUserID(result.UserID)
+		cd.SetUserEmail(result.UserEmail)
+		cd.SetUserGroups(result.Groups)
+		cd.SetUserGroupNames(result.GroupNames)
 		cd.SetAuthMethod(scheme.Type().String())
 	}
 	redirectURL := stripSessionTokenParam(r.URL)
@@ -454,12 +642,9 @@ func wasCredentialSubmitted(r *http.Request, method auth.Method) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-// AddDomain registers authentication schemes for the given domain.
-// If schemes are provided, a valid session public key is required to sign/verify
-// session JWTs. Returns an error if the key is missing or invalid.
-// Callers must not serve the domain if this returns an error, to avoid
-// exposing an unauthenticated service.
-func (mw *Middleware) AddDomain(domain string, schemes []Scheme, publicKeyB64 string, expiration time.Duration, accountID types.AccountID, serviceID types.ServiceID, ipRestrictions *restrict.Filter) error {
+// AddDomain registers authentication schemes for the given domain. With schemes a valid session public key is required.
+// private=true forces ValidateTunnelPeer enforcement (403 on failure) regardless of the schemes list.
+func (mw *Middleware) AddDomain(domain string, schemes []Scheme, publicKeyB64 string, expiration time.Duration, accountID types.AccountID, serviceID types.ServiceID, ipRestrictions *restrict.Filter, private bool) error {
 	if len(schemes) == 0 {
 		mw.domainsMux.Lock()
 		defer mw.domainsMux.Unlock()
@@ -467,6 +652,7 @@ func (mw *Middleware) AddDomain(domain string, schemes []Scheme, publicKeyB64 st
 			AccountID:      accountID,
 			ServiceID:      serviceID,
 			IPRestrictions: ipRestrictions,
+			Private:        private,
 		}
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -488,6 +674,7 @@ func (mw *Middleware) AddDomain(domain string, schemes []Scheme, publicKeyB64 st
 		AccountID:         accountID,
 		ServiceID:         serviceID,
 		IPRestrictions:    ipRestrictions,
+		Private:           private,
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -518,18 +705,25 @@ func (mw *Middleware) validateSessionToken(ctx context.Context, host, token stri
 			}).Debug("Session validation denied")
 			return &validationResult{
 				UserID:       resp.UserId,
+				UserEmail:    resp.GetUserEmail(),
 				Valid:        false,
 				DeniedReason: resp.DeniedReason,
 			}, nil
 		}
-		return &validationResult{UserID: resp.UserId, Valid: true}, nil
+		return &validationResult{
+			UserID:     resp.UserId,
+			UserEmail:  resp.GetUserEmail(),
+			Valid:      true,
+			Groups:     resp.GetPeerGroupIds(),
+			GroupNames: resp.GetPeerGroupNames(),
+		}, nil
 	}
 
-	userID, _, err := auth.ValidateSessionJWT(token, host, publicKey)
+	userID, email, _, groups, groupNames, err := auth.ValidateSessionJWT(token, host, publicKey)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return &validationResult{UserID: userID, Valid: true}, nil
+	return &validationResult{UserID: userID, UserEmail: email, Valid: true, Groups: groups, GroupNames: groupNames}, nil
 }
 
 // stripSessionTokenParam returns the request URI with the session_token query
diff --git a/proxy/internal/auth/middleware_test.go b/proxy/internal/auth/middleware_test.go
index 2c93d7912..c0ec5c94c 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/auth/middleware_test.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/auth/middleware_test.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/ed25519"
 	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/tls"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"errors"
 	"net/http"
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/proxy"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/restrict"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 )
 
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ func TestAddDomain_ValidKey(t *testing.T) {
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil)
+	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	mw.domainsMux.RLock()
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ func TestAddDomain_EmptyKey(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, "", time.Hour, "", "", nil)
+	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, "", time.Hour, "", "", nil, false)
 	require.Error(t, err)
 	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "invalid session public key size")
 
@@ -93,7 +95,7 @@ func TestAddDomain_InvalidBase64(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, "not-valid-base64!!!", time.Hour, "", "", nil)
+	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, "not-valid-base64!!!", time.Hour, "", "", nil, false)
 	require.Error(t, err)
 	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "decode session public key")
 
@@ -108,7 +110,7 @@ func TestAddDomain_WrongKeySize(t *testing.T) {
 
 	shortKey := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("tooshort"))
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, shortKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil)
+	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, shortKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false)
 	require.Error(t, err)
 	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "invalid session public key size")
 
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ func TestAddDomain_WrongKeySize(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAddDomain_NoSchemes_NoKeyRequired(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 
-	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", nil, "", time.Hour, "", "", nil)
+	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", nil, "", time.Hour, "", "", nil, false)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "domains with no auth schemes should not require a key")
 
 	mw.domainsMux.RLock()
@@ -137,8 +139,8 @@ func TestAddDomain_OverwritesPreviousConfig(t *testing.T) {
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
 
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp1.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp2.PublicKey, 2*time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp1.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp2.PublicKey, 2*time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
 
 	mw.domainsMux.RLock()
 	config := mw.domains["example.com"]
@@ -154,7 +156,7 @@ func TestRemoveDomain(t *testing.T) {
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
 
 	mw.RemoveDomain("example.com")
 
@@ -178,7 +180,7 @@ func TestProtect_UnknownDomainPassesThrough(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestProtect_DomainWithNoSchemesPassesThrough(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", nil, "", time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", nil, "", time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
 
 	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
 
@@ -195,7 +197,7 @@ func TestProtect_UnauthenticatedRequestIsBlocked(t *testing.T) {
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
 
 	var backendCalled bool
 	backend := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
@@ -216,7 +218,7 @@ func TestProtect_HostWithPortIsMatched(t *testing.T) {
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
 
 	var backendCalled bool
 	backend := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
@@ -237,9 +239,9 @@ func TestProtect_ValidSessionCookiePassesThrough(t *testing.T) {
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
 
-	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "test-user", "example.com", auth.MethodPIN, time.Hour)
+	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "test-user", "", "example.com", auth.MethodPIN, nil, nil, time.Hour)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	capturedData := proxy.NewCapturedData("")
@@ -262,15 +264,48 @@ func TestProtect_ValidSessionCookiePassesThrough(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "authenticated", rec.Body.String())
 }
 
+// TestProtect_SessionCookieGroupsPropagate verifies the cookie path lifts the
+// JWT's groups claim into CapturedData so policy-aware middlewares can
+// authorise without an extra management round-trip.
+func TestProtect_SessionCookieGroupsPropagate(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
+	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
+
+	groups := []string{"engineering", "sre"}
+	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "test-user", "", "example.com", auth.MethodPIN, groups, nil, time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	capturedData := proxy.NewCapturedData("")
+	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		cd := proxy.CapturedDataFromContext(r.Context())
+		require.NotNil(t, cd, "captured data must be present in request context")
+		assert.Equal(t, "test-user", cd.GetUserID())
+		assert.Equal(t, groups, cd.GetUserGroups(), "JWT groups claim must propagate to CapturedData")
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	req = req.WithContext(proxy.WithCapturedData(req.Context(), capturedData))
+	req.AddCookie(&http.Cookie{Name: auth.SessionCookieName, Value: token})
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "request with valid groups-bearing cookie must succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, groups, capturedData.GetUserGroups(), "CapturedData groups must be retained after handler completes")
+}
+
 func TestProtect_ExpiredSessionCookieIsRejected(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
 
 	// Sign a token that expired 1 second ago.
-	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "test-user", "example.com", auth.MethodPIN, -time.Second)
+	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "test-user", "", "example.com", auth.MethodPIN, nil, nil, -time.Second)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	var backendCalled bool
@@ -293,10 +328,10 @@ func TestProtect_WrongDomainCookieIsRejected(t *testing.T) {
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
 
 	// Token signed for a different domain audience.
-	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "test-user", "other.com", auth.MethodPIN, time.Hour)
+	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "test-user", "", "other.com", auth.MethodPIN, nil, nil, time.Hour)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	var backendCalled bool
@@ -320,10 +355,10 @@ func TestProtect_WrongKeyCookieIsRejected(t *testing.T) {
 	kp2 := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp1.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp1.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
 
 	// Token signed with a different private key.
-	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp2.PrivateKey, "test-user", "example.com", auth.MethodPIN, time.Hour)
+	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp2.PrivateKey, "test-user", "", "example.com", auth.MethodPIN, nil, nil, time.Hour)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	var backendCalled bool
@@ -345,7 +380,7 @@ func TestProtect_SchemeAuthRedirectsWithCookie(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
-	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "pin-user", "example.com", auth.MethodPIN, time.Hour)
+	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "pin-user", "", "example.com", auth.MethodPIN, nil, nil, time.Hour)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{
@@ -357,7 +392,7 @@ func TestProtect_SchemeAuthRedirectsWithCookie(t *testing.T) {
 			return "", "pin", nil
 		},
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
 
 	var backendCalled bool
 	backend := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
@@ -410,7 +445,7 @@ func TestProtect_FailedAuthDoesNotSetCookie(t *testing.T) {
 			return "", "pin", nil
 		},
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
 
 	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
 
@@ -427,7 +462,7 @@ func TestProtect_MultipleSchemes(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
-	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "password-user", "example.com", auth.MethodPassword, time.Hour)
+	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "password-user", "", "example.com", auth.MethodPassword, nil, nil, time.Hour)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// First scheme (PIN) always fails, second scheme (password) succeeds.
@@ -446,7 +481,7 @@ func TestProtect_MultipleSchemes(t *testing.T) {
 			return "", "password", nil
 		},
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{pinScheme, passwordScheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{pinScheme, passwordScheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
 
 	var backendCalled bool
 	backend := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
@@ -476,7 +511,7 @@ func TestProtect_InvalidTokenFromSchemeReturns400(t *testing.T) {
 			return "invalid-jwt-token", "", nil
 		},
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
 
 	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
 
@@ -500,7 +535,7 @@ func TestAddDomain_RandomBytes32NotEd25519(t *testing.T) {
 	key := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(randomBytes)
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
 
-	err = mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, key, time.Hour, "", "", nil)
+	err = mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, key, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "any 32-byte key should be accepted at registration time")
 }
 
@@ -509,10 +544,10 @@ func TestAddDomain_InvalidKeyDoesNotCorruptExistingConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
 
 	// Attempt to overwrite with an invalid key.
-	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, "bad", time.Hour, "", "", nil)
+	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, "bad", time.Hour, "", "", nil, false)
 	require.Error(t, err)
 
 	// The original valid config should still be intact.
@@ -536,7 +571,7 @@ func TestProtect_FailedPinAuthCapturesAuthMethod(t *testing.T) {
 			return "", "pin", nil
 		},
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
 
 	capturedData := proxy.NewCapturedData("")
 	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
@@ -563,7 +598,7 @@ func TestProtect_FailedPasswordAuthCapturesAuthMethod(t *testing.T) {
 			return "", "password", nil
 		},
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
 
 	capturedData := proxy.NewCapturedData("")
 	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
@@ -590,7 +625,7 @@ func TestProtect_NoCredentialsDoesNotCaptureAuthMethod(t *testing.T) {
 			return "", "pin", nil
 		},
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
 
 	capturedData := proxy.NewCapturedData("")
 	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
@@ -678,7 +713,7 @@ func TestCheckIPRestrictions_UnparseableAddress(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 
 	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", nil, "", 0, "acc1", "svc1",
-		restrict.ParseFilter(restrict.FilterConfig{AllowedCIDRs: []string{"10.0.0.0/8"}}))
+		restrict.ParseFilter(restrict.FilterConfig{AllowedCIDRs: []string{"10.0.0.0/8"}}), false)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -714,7 +749,7 @@ func TestCheckIPRestrictions_UsesCapturedDataClientIP(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 
 	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", nil, "", 0, "acc1", "svc1",
-		restrict.ParseFilter(restrict.FilterConfig{AllowedCIDRs: []string{"203.0.113.0/24"}}))
+		restrict.ParseFilter(restrict.FilterConfig{AllowedCIDRs: []string{"203.0.113.0/24"}}), false)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -755,7 +790,7 @@ func TestCheckIPRestrictions_NilGeoWithCountryRules(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 
 	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", nil, "", 0, "acc1", "svc1",
-		restrict.ParseFilter(restrict.FilterConfig{AllowedCountries: []string{"US"}}))
+		restrict.ParseFilter(restrict.FilterConfig{AllowedCountries: []string{"US"}}), false)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -770,6 +805,69 @@ func TestCheckIPRestrictions_NilGeoWithCountryRules(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, rr.Code, "country restrictions with nil geo must deny")
 }
 
+// TestCheckIPRestrictions_OverlayOriginSkipsCountryRules covers the
+// inbound (WG) listener path: requests stamped with WithOverlayOrigin
+// must skip country lookups, even when no geo database is configured.
+// Without this short-circuit the inbound flow would fail-closed for
+// every overlay request whenever country rules are configured.
+func TestCheckIPRestrictions_OverlayOriginSkipsCountryRules(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
+
+	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", nil, "", 0, "acc1", "svc1",
+		restrict.ParseFilter(restrict.FilterConfig{
+			AllowedCIDRs:     []string{"100.64.0.0/10"},
+			AllowedCountries: []string{"US"},
+		}), false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	req.RemoteAddr = "100.64.5.6:5000"
+	req.Host = "example.com"
+	req = req.WithContext(types.WithOverlayOrigin(req.Context()))
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rr.Code,
+		"overlay-origin requests must not be denied by country rules they would fail without geo data")
+
+	// Sanity check: the same filter without the overlay flag denies (no geo,
+	// country allowlist active → DenyGeoUnavailable).
+	req2 := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	req2.RemoteAddr = "100.64.5.6:5000"
+	req2.Host = "example.com"
+	rr2 := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rr2, req2)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, rr2.Code,
+		"WAN-origin requests must still hit the full Check path and be denied without geo data")
+}
+
+// TestCheckIPRestrictions_OverlayOriginRespectsCIDR confirms CIDR
+// rules still apply on the overlay path so operators retain a way to
+// scope private services to specific peer subnets.
+func TestCheckIPRestrictions_OverlayOriginRespectsCIDR(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
+
+	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", nil, "", 0, "acc1", "svc1",
+		restrict.ParseFilter(restrict.FilterConfig{AllowedCIDRs: []string{"100.64.0.0/16"}}), false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	req.RemoteAddr = "100.65.5.6:5000" // outside 100.64.0.0/16
+	req.Host = "example.com"
+	req = req.WithContext(types.WithOverlayOrigin(req.Context()))
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, rr.Code,
+		"CIDR rules must still apply on the overlay path")
+}
+
 func TestProtect_OIDCOnlyRedirectsDirectly(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
@@ -781,11 +879,12 @@ func TestProtect_OIDCOnlyRedirectsDirectly(t *testing.T) {
 			return "", oidcURL, nil
 		},
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
 
 	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
 
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://example.com/", nil)
+	req.TLS = &tls.ConnectionState{}
 	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
 
@@ -809,11 +908,12 @@ func TestProtect_OIDCWithOtherMethodShowsLoginPage(t *testing.T) {
 			return "", "pin", nil
 		},
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{oidcScheme, pinScheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{oidcScheme, pinScheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
 
 	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
 
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://example.com/", nil)
+	req.TLS = &tls.ConnectionState{}
 	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
 
@@ -834,7 +934,7 @@ func (m *mockAuthenticator) Authenticate(ctx context.Context, in *proto.Authenti
 // returns a signed session token when the expected header value is provided.
 func newHeaderSchemeWithToken(t *testing.T, kp *sessionkey.KeyPair, headerName, expectedValue string) Header {
 	t.Helper()
-	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "header-user", "example.com", auth.MethodHeader, time.Hour)
+	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "header-user", "", "example.com", auth.MethodHeader, nil, nil, time.Hour)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	mock := &mockAuthenticator{fn: func(_ context.Context, req *proto.AuthenticateRequest) (*proto.AuthenticateResponse, error) {
@@ -852,7 +952,7 @@ func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_ForwardsOnSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
 	hdr := newHeaderSchemeWithToken(t, kp, "X-API-Key", "secret-key")
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil, false))
 
 	var backendCalled bool
 	capturedData := proxy.NewCapturedData("")
@@ -895,7 +995,7 @@ func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_MissingHeaderFallsThrough(t *testing.T) {
 	hdr := newHeaderSchemeWithToken(t, kp, "X-API-Key", "secret-key")
 	// Also add a PIN scheme so we can verify fallthrough behavior.
 	pinScheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr, pinScheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr, pinScheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil, false))
 
 	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
 
@@ -915,7 +1015,7 @@ func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_WrongValueReturns401(t *testing.T) {
 		return &proto.AuthenticateResponse{Success: false}, nil
 	}}
 	hdr := NewHeader(mock, "svc1", "acc1", "X-API-Key")
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil, false))
 
 	capturedData := proxy.NewCapturedData("")
 	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
@@ -938,7 +1038,7 @@ func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_InfraErrorReturns502(t *testing.T) {
 		return nil, errors.New("gRPC unavailable")
 	}}
 	hdr := NewHeader(mock, "svc1", "acc1", "X-API-Key")
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil, false))
 
 	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
 
@@ -955,7 +1055,7 @@ func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_SubsequentRequestUsesSessionCookie(t *testing.T) {
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
 	hdr := newHeaderSchemeWithToken(t, kp, "X-API-Key", "secret-key")
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil, false))
 
 	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
@@ -1006,7 +1106,7 @@ func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_MultipleValuesSameHeader(t *testing.T) {
 	mock := &mockAuthenticator{fn: func(_ context.Context, req *proto.AuthenticateRequest) (*proto.AuthenticateResponse, error) {
 		ha := req.GetHeaderAuth()
 		if ha != nil && accepted[ha.GetHeaderValue()] {
-			token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "header-user", "example.com", auth.MethodHeader, time.Hour)
+			token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "header-user", "", "example.com", auth.MethodHeader, nil, nil, time.Hour)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			return &proto.AuthenticateResponse{Success: true, SessionToken: token}, nil
 		}
@@ -1015,7 +1115,7 @@ func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_MultipleValuesSameHeader(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Single Header scheme (as if one entry existed), but the mock checks both values.
 	hdr := NewHeader(mock, "svc1", "acc1", "Authorization")
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil, false))
 
 	var backendCalled bool
 	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
@@ -1059,3 +1159,161 @@ func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_MultipleValuesSameHeader(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.False(t, backendCalled, "unknown token should be rejected")
 	})
 }
+
+// TestProtect_OIDCOnPlainHTTP_BlockedWith400 verifies that when an OIDC
+// scheme is configured and the request arrived without TLS, the middleware
+// short-circuits with a 400 instead of dispatching to the IdP redirect.
+func TestProtect_OIDCOnPlainHTTP_BlockedWith400(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
+	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+	scheme := &stubScheme{
+		method: auth.MethodOIDC,
+		authFn: func(_ *http.Request) (string, string, error) {
+			return "", "https://idp.example.com/authorize", nil
+		},
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
+
+	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, rec.Code, "OIDC over plain HTTP should be rejected")
+	assert.Contains(t, rec.Body.String(), "OIDC requires TLS", "response body should explain the rejection")
+}
+
+// TestProtect_OIDCOverTLS_NotBlocked confirms the same configuration works
+// over TLS — the block only fires on plain HTTP.
+func TestProtect_OIDCOverTLS_NotBlocked(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
+	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+	scheme := &stubScheme{
+		method: auth.MethodOIDC,
+		authFn: func(_ *http.Request) (string, string, error) {
+			return "", "https://idp.example.com/authorize", nil
+		},
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
+
+	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://example.com/", nil)
+	req.TLS = &tls.ConnectionState{}
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusFound, rec.Code, "OIDC over TLS should redirect to IdP")
+}
+
+// TestProtect_NonOIDCSchemes_PlainHTTP_NotBlocked confirms that the OIDC
+// block only fires when an OIDC scheme is configured. PIN-only domains
+// pass through normally on plain HTTP.
+func TestProtect_NonOIDCSchemes_PlainHTTP_NotBlocked(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
+	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
+
+	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, rec.Code, "PIN-only domain should serve the login page on plain HTTP")
+}
+
+// stubTunnelValidator records ValidateTunnelPeer calls so a test can
+// assert whether the fast-path reached management.
+type stubTunnelValidator struct {
+	called bool
+	resp   *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse
+}
+
+func (s *stubTunnelValidator) ValidateSession(context.Context, *proto.ValidateSessionRequest, ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.ValidateSessionResponse, error) {
+	return nil, errors.New("not used in this test")
+}
+
+func (s *stubTunnelValidator) ValidateTunnelPeer(context.Context, *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest, ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+	s.called = true
+	return s.resp, nil
+}
+
+// TestProtect_TunnelPeerFastPath_RequiresInboundMarker guards the
+// anti-spoof gate: a request with an RFC1918 source IP arriving on the
+// public listener (no TunnelLookupFromContext attached) must not be
+// allowed to take the tunnel-peer fast-path. Without this gate a public
+// client whose source IP happens to fall inside an RFC1918 range could
+// bypass the configured auth scheme by colliding with a known tunnel
+// IP.
+func TestProtect_TunnelPeerFastPath_RequiresInboundMarker(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &stubTunnelValidator{
+		resp: &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+			Valid:        true,
+			SessionToken: "should-not-be-used",
+			UserId:       "user-1",
+		},
+	}
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), validator, nil)
+	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
+
+	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
+
+	// Request from an RFC1918 source IP on the public listener — no
+	// TunnelLookupFromContext attached. The fast-path must reject this
+	// and fall through to the PIN scheme (which renders 401 on plain
+	// HTTP for a non-authenticated request).
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	req.RemoteAddr = "100.64.0.5:5000"
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.False(t, validator.called,
+		"ValidateTunnelPeer must not be invoked when the request lacks the inbound TunnelLookup marker")
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, rec.Code,
+		"without the inbound marker the request must fall through to the operator auth scheme")
+}
+
+// TestProtect_TunnelPeerFastPath_TakesPathWithInboundMarker verifies
+// the positive side: a request marked as overlay-origin (carrying the
+// TunnelLookup context value) and matching a tunnel-IP range does take
+// the fast-path and reach management.
+func TestProtect_TunnelPeerFastPath_TakesPathWithInboundMarker(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &stubTunnelValidator{
+		resp: &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+			Valid:        true,
+			SessionToken: "tunnel-session-token",
+			UserId:       "user-1",
+		},
+	}
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), validator, nil)
+	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false))
+
+	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
+
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFunc(func(_ netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		return PeerIdentity{}, true
+	})
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	req.RemoteAddr = "100.64.0.5:5000"
+	req = req.WithContext(WithTunnelLookup(req.Context(), lookup))
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.True(t, validator.called,
+		"ValidateTunnelPeer must run when the request carries the inbound TunnelLookup marker")
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code,
+		"a successful tunnel-peer validation must forward to the next handler")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/auth/tunnel_cache.go b/proxy/internal/auth/tunnel_cache.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..10b671d82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/auth/tunnel_cache.go
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sync/singleflight"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// tunnelCacheTTL caps how long a positive ValidateTunnelPeer result is
+// reused before re-fetching from management. 5 minutes balances freshness
+// against management load on busy mesh networks.
+const tunnelCacheTTL = 300 * time.Second
+
+// tunnelCachePerAccount caps the number of cached identities per account.
+// Bounded eviction avoids memory growth in pathological cases (huge peer
+// roster, brief request bursts) while staying generous for normal use.
+const tunnelCachePerAccount = 1024
+
+// tunnelCacheKey identifies a cached entry by tunnel IP and originating
+// account. Domain is part of the value, not the key, because the
+// management response is per (account, IP) — domain only gates whether a
+// re-fetch is needed if the operator is accessing a different service.
+type tunnelCacheKey struct {
+	accountID types.AccountID
+	tunnelIP  netip.Addr
+	domain    string
+}
+
+// tunnelCacheEntry stores a positive validation response with the time it
+// was minted. Entries past tunnelCacheTTL are treated as misses.
+type tunnelCacheEntry struct {
+	resp     *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse
+	cachedAt time.Time
+}
+
+// tunnelValidationCache memoizes ValidateTunnelPeer responses keyed by
+// (accountID, tunnelIP, domain). Only successful, valid responses are
+// cached — denials skip the cache so policy changes apply immediately.
+// Single-flight de-duplicates concurrent fetches for the same key so a
+// burst of cold requests collapses into a single RPC.
+type tunnelValidationCache struct {
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	entries map[types.AccountID]*accountBucket
+	flight  singleflight.Group
+	ttl     time.Duration
+	maxSize int
+	now     func() time.Time
+}
+
+// accountBucket holds the cached entries for a single account, with a
+// FIFO eviction queue used when the bucket exceeds maxSize.
+type accountBucket struct {
+	items map[tunnelCacheKey]tunnelCacheEntry
+	order []tunnelCacheKey
+}
+
+// newTunnelValidationCache constructs a cache with default TTL and bounds.
+func newTunnelValidationCache() *tunnelValidationCache {
+	return &tunnelValidationCache{
+		entries: make(map[types.AccountID]*accountBucket),
+		ttl:     tunnelCacheTTL,
+		maxSize: tunnelCachePerAccount,
+		now:     time.Now,
+	}
+}
+
+// get returns a cached response for the key, or nil when missing or
+// expired. Expired entries are evicted lazily on read.
+func (c *tunnelValidationCache) get(key tunnelCacheKey) *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+
+	bucket, ok := c.entries[key.accountID]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	entry, ok := bucket.items[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if c.now().Sub(entry.cachedAt) > c.ttl {
+		delete(bucket.items, key)
+		bucket.order = removeKey(bucket.order, key)
+		return nil
+	}
+	return entry.resp
+}
+
+// put records a positive response under the key. Evicts the oldest entry
+// in the account's bucket when the bound is exceeded.
+func (c *tunnelValidationCache) put(key tunnelCacheKey, resp *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+
+	bucket, ok := c.entries[key.accountID]
+	if !ok {
+		bucket = &accountBucket{items: make(map[tunnelCacheKey]tunnelCacheEntry)}
+		c.entries[key.accountID] = bucket
+	}
+	if _, exists := bucket.items[key]; !exists {
+		bucket.order = append(bucket.order, key)
+	}
+	bucket.items[key] = tunnelCacheEntry{resp: resp, cachedAt: c.now()}
+
+	for len(bucket.order) > c.maxSize {
+		oldest := bucket.order[0]
+		bucket.order = bucket.order[1:]
+		delete(bucket.items, oldest)
+	}
+}
+
+// removeKey drops the first occurrence of needle from order. The cache
+// uses small slices so a linear scan is cheaper than a map+slice combo.
+func removeKey(order []tunnelCacheKey, needle tunnelCacheKey) []tunnelCacheKey {
+	for i, k := range order {
+		if k == needle {
+			return append(order[:i], order[i+1:]...)
+		}
+	}
+	return order
+}
+
+// flightKey turns a cache key into a single-flight string. AccountID and
+// IP isolation by themselves are insufficient because different domains
+// for the same peer/account may have different group access.
+func flightKey(key tunnelCacheKey) string {
+	return string(key.accountID) + "|" + key.tunnelIP.String() + "|" + key.domain
+}
+
+// validateTunnelPeerFn is the RPC entry point the cache wraps. It matches
+// the SessionValidator.ValidateTunnelPeer signature without exposing the
+// gRPC option variadic, since callers don't need it on the cache hot path.
+type validateTunnelPeerFn func(ctx context.Context, req *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error)
+
+// fetch returns a cached response when present, otherwise calls validate
+// under single-flight and caches the result. Denied responses pass
+// through but are not cached so policy changes apply immediately.
+func (c *tunnelValidationCache) fetch(ctx context.Context, key tunnelCacheKey, validate validateTunnelPeerFn) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, bool, error) {
+	if resp := c.get(key); resp != nil {
+		return resp, true, nil
+	}
+
+	flight := flightKey(key)
+	res, err, _ := c.flight.Do(flight, func() (any, error) {
+		if cached := c.get(key); cached != nil {
+			return cached, nil
+		}
+		resp, err := validate(ctx, &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest{
+			TunnelIp: key.tunnelIP.String(),
+			Domain:   key.domain,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if resp.GetValid() && resp.GetSessionToken() != "" {
+			c.put(key, resp)
+		}
+		return resp, nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, false, err
+	}
+	resp, _ := res.(*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse)
+	return resp, false, nil
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/auth/tunnel_cache_test.go b/proxy/internal/auth/tunnel_cache_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a63dc107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/auth/tunnel_cache_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+func newTestKey(account types.AccountID, ip string, domain string) tunnelCacheKey {
+	return tunnelCacheKey{
+		accountID: account,
+		tunnelIP:  netip.MustParseAddr(ip),
+		domain:    domain,
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTunnelCache_HitSkipsRPC(t *testing.T) {
+	cache := newTunnelValidationCache()
+	key := newTestKey("acct-1", "100.64.0.10", "svc.example")
+
+	var calls int32
+	validate := func(_ context.Context, req *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+		atomic.AddInt32(&calls, 1)
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok", UserId: "user-1"}, nil
+	}
+
+	resp, fromCache, err := cache.fetch(context.Background(), key, validate)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp, "first fetch returns RPC response")
+	assert.False(t, fromCache, "first fetch must not be cached")
+
+	resp2, fromCache2, err := cache.fetch(context.Background(), key, validate)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp2, "second fetch returns cached response")
+	assert.True(t, fromCache2, "second fetch must be served from cache")
+	assert.Equal(t, "user-1", resp2.GetUserId(), "cached response should preserve user identity")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), atomic.LoadInt32(&calls), "validate should run exactly once with one cache hit")
+}
+
+func TestTunnelCache_ExpiredEntryRefetches(t *testing.T) {
+	cache := newTunnelValidationCache()
+	clock := time.Now()
+	cache.now = func() time.Time { return clock }
+
+	key := newTestKey("acct-1", "100.64.0.10", "svc.example")
+	var calls int32
+	validate := func(_ context.Context, _ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+		atomic.AddInt32(&calls, 1)
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok"}, nil
+	}
+
+	_, _, err := cache.fetch(context.Background(), key, validate)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), atomic.LoadInt32(&calls), "first fetch issues one RPC")
+
+	clock = clock.Add(tunnelCacheTTL + time.Second)
+
+	_, fromCache, err := cache.fetch(context.Background(), key, validate)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, fromCache, "expired entry must miss the cache")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(2), atomic.LoadInt32(&calls), "expired entry forces a re-fetch")
+}
+
+func TestTunnelCache_DeniedResponseNotCached(t *testing.T) {
+	cache := newTunnelValidationCache()
+	key := newTestKey("acct-1", "100.64.0.10", "svc.example")
+
+	var calls int32
+	validate := func(_ context.Context, _ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+		atomic.AddInt32(&calls, 1)
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: false, DeniedReason: "not_in_group"}, nil
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		_, _, err := cache.fetch(context.Background(), key, validate)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "fetch must not error on denied response")
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(3), atomic.LoadInt32(&calls), "denied responses bypass the cache so policy changes apply immediately")
+}
+
+func TestTunnelCache_ConcurrentColdHitsCoalesce(t *testing.T) {
+	cache := newTunnelValidationCache()
+	key := newTestKey("acct-1", "100.64.0.10", "svc.example")
+
+	gate := make(chan struct{})
+	var calls int32
+	validate := func(_ context.Context, _ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+		atomic.AddInt32(&calls, 1)
+		<-gate
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok"}, nil
+	}
+
+	const workers = 16
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(workers)
+	results := make([]bool, workers)
+	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
+		go func(idx int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			resp, _, err := cache.fetch(context.Background(), key, validate)
+			results[idx] = err == nil && resp.GetValid()
+		}(i)
+	}
+
+	time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+	close(gate)
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	for i, ok := range results {
+		assert.Truef(t, ok, "worker %d should observe a successful response", i)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), atomic.LoadInt32(&calls), "single-flight must collapse concurrent cold fetches into one RPC")
+}
+
+func TestTunnelCache_PerAccountIsolation(t *testing.T) {
+	cache := newTunnelValidationCache()
+	keyA := newTestKey("acct-a", "100.64.0.10", "svc.example")
+	keyB := newTestKey("acct-b", "100.64.0.10", "svc.example")
+
+	var callsA, callsB int32
+	validateA := func(_ context.Context, _ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+		atomic.AddInt32(&callsA, 1)
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok-a", UserId: "user-a"}, nil
+	}
+	validateB := func(_ context.Context, _ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+		atomic.AddInt32(&callsB, 1)
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok-b", UserId: "user-b"}, nil
+	}
+
+	respA, _, err := cache.fetch(context.Background(), keyA, validateA)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	respB, _, err := cache.fetch(context.Background(), keyB, validateB)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "user-a", respA.GetUserId(), "account A response should belong to user-a")
+	assert.Equal(t, "user-b", respB.GetUserId(), "account B response must not be served from account A's cache")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), atomic.LoadInt32(&callsA), "validateA called exactly once")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), atomic.LoadInt32(&callsB), "validateB called exactly once")
+}
+
+func TestTunnelCache_BoundedSizeEvictsOldest(t *testing.T) {
+	cache := newTunnelValidationCache()
+	cache.maxSize = 2
+
+	validate := func(_ context.Context, req *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok-" + req.GetTunnelIp()}, nil
+	}
+
+	keys := []tunnelCacheKey{
+		newTestKey("acct-1", "100.64.0.10", "svc"),
+		newTestKey("acct-1", "100.64.0.11", "svc"),
+		newTestKey("acct-1", "100.64.0.12", "svc"),
+	}
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		_, _, err := cache.fetch(context.Background(), k, validate)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	assert.Nil(t, cache.get(keys[0]), "oldest key should be evicted past maxSize")
+	assert.NotNil(t, cache.get(keys[1]), "second-newest must remain cached")
+	assert.NotNil(t, cache.get(keys[2]), "newest must remain cached")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/auth/tunnel_lookup_test.go b/proxy/internal/auth/tunnel_lookup_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..808aa8b41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/auth/tunnel_lookup_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/netip"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/proxy"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// stubSessionValidator records ValidateTunnelPeer calls and returns the
+// pre-canned response. Counts let tests assert RPC traffic.
+type stubSessionValidator struct {
+	respFn      func(req *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse
+	respErr     error
+	tunnelCalls atomic.Int32
+}
+
+func (s *stubSessionValidator) ValidateSession(_ context.Context, _ *proto.ValidateSessionRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.ValidateSessionResponse, error) {
+	return &proto.ValidateSessionResponse{Valid: false}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *stubSessionValidator) ValidateTunnelPeer(_ context.Context, in *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+	s.tunnelCalls.Add(1)
+	if s.respErr != nil {
+		return nil, s.respErr
+	}
+	if s.respFn != nil {
+		return s.respFn(in), nil
+	}
+	return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: false}, nil
+}
+
+func newTunnelMiddleware(t *testing.T, validator SessionValidator) *Middleware {
+	t.Helper()
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.New(), validator, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("svc.example", nil, "", 0, "acct-1", "svc-1", nil, false))
+	return mw
+}
+
+func newTunnelRequest(remoteAddr string) (*httptest.ResponseRecorder, *http.Request) {
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://svc.example/", nil)
+	r.Host = "svc.example"
+	r.RemoteAddr = remoteAddr
+	return w, r
+}
+
+// TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_LocalLookupUnknownIPDeniesFast verifies the
+// short-circuit: a tunnel IP not in the account's roster never reaches
+// management's ValidateTunnelPeer.
+func TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_LocalLookupUnknownIPDeniesFast(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &stubSessionValidator{}
+	mw := newTunnelMiddleware(t, validator)
+
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFunc(func(_ netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		return PeerIdentity{}, false
+	})
+
+	w, r := newTunnelRequest("100.64.0.99:55555")
+	r = r.WithContext(WithTunnelLookup(r.Context(), lookup))
+
+	called := false
+	next := http.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) { called = true })
+
+	config, _ := mw.getDomainConfig("svc.example")
+	handled := mw.forwardWithTunnelPeer(w, r, "svc.example", config, next)
+
+	assert.False(t, handled, "unknown peer must fall through, not forward")
+	assert.False(t, called, "next handler must not run for unknown peer")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(0), validator.tunnelCalls.Load(), "ValidateTunnelPeer must be skipped on local-lookup miss")
+}
+
+// TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_GroupsPropagateToCapturedData verifies the proxy
+// surfaces the calling peer's group memberships from ValidateTunnelPeerResponse
+// onto CapturedData so policy-aware middlewares can authorise without an
+// extra management round-trip.
+func TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_GroupsPropagateToCapturedData(t *testing.T) {
+	groups := []string{"engineering", "sre"}
+	validator := &stubSessionValidator{
+		respFn: func(_ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse {
+			return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+				Valid:        true,
+				SessionToken: "tok",
+				UserId:       "user-1",
+				PeerGroupIds: groups,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	mw := newTunnelMiddleware(t, validator)
+
+	w, r := newTunnelRequest("100.64.0.10:55555")
+	cd := proxy.NewCapturedData("")
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFunc(func(_ netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		return PeerIdentity{}, true
+	})
+	r = r.WithContext(proxy.WithCapturedData(WithTunnelLookup(r.Context(), lookup), cd))
+
+	called := false
+	next := http.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) { called = true })
+
+	config, _ := mw.getDomainConfig("svc.example")
+	handled := mw.forwardWithTunnelPeer(w, r, "svc.example", config, next)
+
+	require.True(t, handled, "valid tunnel-peer response must forward")
+	require.True(t, called, "next handler must run")
+	assert.Equal(t, "user-1", cd.GetUserID(), "user id must propagate from tunnel-peer response")
+	assert.Equal(t, groups, cd.GetUserGroups(), "peer group IDs must propagate from tunnel-peer response")
+}
+
+// TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_LocalLookupKnownPeerStillRPCs verifies that a
+// known tunnel IP still triggers ValidateTunnelPeer for the user-identity
+// tail (UserID + group access). Phase 3 only short-circuits the deny path.
+func TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_LocalLookupKnownPeerStillRPCs(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &stubSessionValidator{
+		respFn: func(_ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse {
+			return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok", UserId: "user-1"}
+		},
+	}
+	mw := newTunnelMiddleware(t, validator)
+
+	knownIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10")
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFunc(func(ip netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		if ip == knownIP {
+			return PeerIdentity{PubKey: "pk", TunnelIP: ip, FQDN: "peer.netbird.cloud"}, true
+		}
+		return PeerIdentity{}, false
+	})
+
+	w, r := newTunnelRequest(knownIP.String() + ":55555")
+	r = r.WithContext(WithTunnelLookup(r.Context(), lookup))
+
+	called := false
+	next := http.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) { called = true })
+
+	config, _ := mw.getDomainConfig("svc.example")
+	handled := mw.forwardWithTunnelPeer(w, r, "svc.example", config, next)
+
+	assert.True(t, handled, "known peer with valid RPC response must forward")
+	assert.True(t, called, "next handler must run on success")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), validator.tunnelCalls.Load(), "RPC must run for the user-identity tail when local lookup confirms the peer")
+}
+
+// TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_NoLookupRefusesFastPath guards the
+// anti-spoof gate: requests that didn't arrive on the per-account
+// inbound listener (no TunnelLookup attached) must never reach
+// management's ValidateTunnelPeer, even when the source IP looks like
+// a tunnel address. A colliding RFC1918 / CGNAT source on the public
+// listener would otherwise impersonate a mesh peer.
+func TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_NoLookupRefusesFastPath(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &stubSessionValidator{
+		respFn: func(_ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse {
+			return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok", UserId: "user-1"}
+		},
+	}
+	mw := newTunnelMiddleware(t, validator)
+
+	w, r := newTunnelRequest("100.64.0.10:55555")
+	called := false
+	next := http.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) { called = true })
+
+	config, _ := mw.getDomainConfig("svc.example")
+	handled := mw.forwardWithTunnelPeer(w, r, "svc.example", config, next)
+
+	assert.False(t, handled, "fast-path must refuse without the inbound marker")
+	assert.False(t, called, "next handler must not run")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(0), validator.tunnelCalls.Load(), "ValidateTunnelPeer must not be invoked without the inbound marker")
+}
+
+// TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_RPCErrorFallsThrough validates that an RPC
+// failure still falls through to the next scheme (no false positive).
+func TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_RPCErrorFallsThrough(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &stubSessionValidator{respErr: errors.New("management down")}
+	mw := newTunnelMiddleware(t, validator)
+
+	knownIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10")
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFunc(func(ip netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		return PeerIdentity{TunnelIP: ip}, true
+	})
+
+	w, r := newTunnelRequest(knownIP.String() + ":55555")
+	r = r.WithContext(WithTunnelLookup(r.Context(), lookup))
+
+	config, _ := mw.getDomainConfig("svc.example")
+	handled := mw.forwardWithTunnelPeer(w, r, "svc.example", config, http.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {}))
+
+	assert.False(t, handled, "RPC error must let the caller try other schemes")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), validator.tunnelCalls.Load(), "RPC was attempted exactly once")
+}
+
+// TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_CacheReusesPositiveResponse confirms the
+// (account, IP, domain) cache prevents repeated RPCs for the same peer.
+func TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_CacheReusesPositiveResponse(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &stubSessionValidator{
+		respFn: func(_ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse {
+			return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok", UserId: "user-1"}
+		},
+	}
+	mw := newTunnelMiddleware(t, validator)
+
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFunc(func(_ netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		return PeerIdentity{}, true
+	})
+
+	for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
+		w, r := newTunnelRequest("100.64.0.10:55555")
+		r = r.WithContext(WithTunnelLookup(r.Context(), lookup))
+		next := http.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {})
+		config, _ := mw.getDomainConfig("svc.example")
+		handled := mw.forwardWithTunnelPeer(w, r, "svc.example", config, next)
+		require.True(t, handled, "iteration %d should forward", i)
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), validator.tunnelCalls.Load(), "subsequent forwards must hit the cache, not management")
+}
+
+// TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_RoutesAccountIDIntoCacheKey ensures cache keys
+// honour account scoping — same tunnel IP on different accounts must not
+// collide.
+func TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_RoutesAccountIDIntoCacheKey(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &stubSessionValidator{
+		respFn: func(req *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse {
+			return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok", UserId: "user"}
+		},
+	}
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.New(), validator, nil)
+
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("svc-a.example", nil, "", 0, "acct-a", "svc-a", nil, false))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("svc-b.example", nil, "", 0, "acct-b", "svc-b", nil, false))
+
+	// The fast-path requires the inbound-listener marker on the context.
+	// The peerstore lookup itself is account-agnostic at this level
+	// (one TunnelLookupFunc per account is attached by inbound.go); a
+	// trivial "always hit" lookup is enough to exercise the cache-key
+	// branch this test covers.
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFunc(func(_ netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		return PeerIdentity{}, true
+	})
+
+	for _, host := range []string{"svc-a.example", "svc-b.example"} {
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://"+host+"/", nil)
+		r.Host = host
+		r.RemoteAddr = "100.64.0.10:55555"
+		r = r.WithContext(WithTunnelLookup(r.Context(), lookup))
+		config, _ := mw.getDomainConfig(host)
+		handled := mw.forwardWithTunnelPeer(w, r, host, config, http.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {}))
+		require.True(t, handled, "host %s should forward", host)
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(2), validator.tunnelCalls.Load(), "cache must not collide across accounts even when tunnel IPs match")
+}
+
+// TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_LocalLookupShortCircuitDoesNotPopulateCache
+// guarantees that the deny-fast path leaves the cache untouched, so a
+// subsequent request from the same IP after the peerstore catches up
+// goes through the normal RPC flow.
+func TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_LocalLookupShortCircuitDoesNotPopulateCache(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &stubSessionValidator{
+		respFn: func(_ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse {
+			return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok"}
+		},
+	}
+	mw := newTunnelMiddleware(t, validator)
+
+	knownIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10")
+	known := false
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFunc(func(ip netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		if known && ip == knownIP {
+			return PeerIdentity{TunnelIP: ip}, true
+		}
+		return PeerIdentity{}, false
+	})
+
+	doRequest := func() bool {
+		w, r := newTunnelRequest(knownIP.String() + ":55555")
+		r = r.WithContext(WithTunnelLookup(r.Context(), lookup))
+		config, _ := mw.getDomainConfig("svc.example")
+		return mw.forwardWithTunnelPeer(w, r, "svc.example", config, http.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {}))
+	}
+
+	require.False(t, doRequest(), "first request must short-circuit")
+	require.Equal(t, int32(0), validator.tunnelCalls.Load(), "short-circuit must not populate the cache")
+
+	known = true
+	require.True(t, doRequest(), "second request with peer in roster must forward via RPC")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), validator.tunnelCalls.Load(), "RPC runs once after peerstore catches up")
+}
+
+func TestPrivateService_FailsClosedOnTunnelPeerFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.New(), nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("private.svc", nil, "", 0, "acct-1", "svc-1", nil, true))
+
+	called := false
+	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		called = true
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://private.svc/", nil)
+	req.Host = "private.svc"
+	req.RemoteAddr = "100.64.0.10:55555"
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, w.Code)
+	assert.False(t, called)
+}
+
+func TestPrivateService_ForwardsOnTunnelPeerSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &stubSessionValidator{
+		respFn: func(_ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse {
+			return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+				Valid:        true,
+				SessionToken: "tok",
+				UserId:       "user-1",
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.New(), validator, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("private.svc", nil, "", 0, "acct-1", "svc-1", nil, true))
+
+	called := false
+	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		called = true
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+
+	// Per-account inbound listener attaches WithTunnelLookup; without it
+	// forwardWithTunnelPeer refuses to take the fast-path. Mirror the
+	// real flow so this test exercises the post-gating success branch.
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFunc(func(_ netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		return PeerIdentity{}, true
+	})
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://private.svc/", nil)
+	req.Host = "private.svc"
+	req.RemoteAddr = "100.64.0.10:55555"
+	req = req.WithContext(WithTunnelLookup(req.Context(), lookup))
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+	assert.True(t, called)
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/debug/client.go b/proxy/internal/debug/client.go
index 09c25afb2..77772637c 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/debug/client.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/debug/client.go
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
-
 )
 
 // StatusFilters contains filter options for status queries.
@@ -160,6 +159,49 @@ func (c *Client) printClients(data map[string]any) {
 	for _, item := range clients {
 		c.printClientRow(item)
 	}
+
+	c.printInboundListeners(clients)
+}
+
+func (c *Client) printInboundListeners(clients []any) {
+	type row struct {
+		accountID string
+		tunnelIP  string
+		httpsPort int
+		httpPort  int
+	}
+	var rows []row
+	for _, item := range clients {
+		client, ok := item.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		inbound, ok := client["inbound_listener"].(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		tunnelIP, _ := inbound["tunnel_ip"].(string)
+		httpsPort, _ := inbound["https_port"].(float64)
+		httpPort, _ := inbound["http_port"].(float64)
+		accountID, _ := client["account_id"].(string)
+		rows = append(rows, row{
+			accountID: accountID,
+			tunnelIP:  tunnelIP,
+			httpsPort: int(httpsPort),
+			httpPort:  int(httpPort),
+		})
+	}
+	if len(rows) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(c.out)
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(c.out, "Inbound listeners (per-account):")
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  %-38s %-20s %-7s %s\n", "ACCOUNT ID", "TUNNEL IP", "HTTPS", "HTTP")
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(c.out, "  "+strings.Repeat("-", 78))
+	for _, r := range rows {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  %-38s %-20s %-7d %d\n", r.accountID, r.tunnelIP, r.httpsPort, r.httpPort)
+	}
 }
 
 func (c *Client) printClientRow(item any) {
@@ -219,7 +261,14 @@ func (c *Client) ClientStatus(ctx context.Context, accountID string, filters Sta
 }
 
 func (c *Client) printClientStatus(data map[string]any) {
-	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Account: %v\n\n", data["account_id"])
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Account: %v\n", data["account_id"])
+	if inbound, ok := data["inbound_listener"].(map[string]any); ok {
+		tunnelIP, _ := inbound["tunnel_ip"].(string)
+		httpsPort, _ := inbound["https_port"].(float64)
+		httpPort, _ := inbound["http_port"].(float64)
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Inbound listener: %s (https=%d, http=%d)\n", tunnelIP, int(httpsPort), int(httpPort))
+	}
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(c.out)
 	if status, ok := data["status"].(string); ok {
 		_, _ = fmt.Fprint(c.out, status)
 	}
@@ -284,6 +333,63 @@ func (c *Client) printLogLevelResult(data map[string]any) {
 	}
 }
 
+// PerfSet live-retunes the tunnel buffer pool cap on all running embedded
+// clients. Batch size is not live-tunable; configure it at proxy startup.
+func (c *Client) PerfSet(ctx context.Context, value uint32) error {
+	path := fmt.Sprintf("/debug/perf?value=%d", value)
+	return c.fetchAndPrint(ctx, path, c.printPerfSet)
+}
+
+func (c *Client) printPerfSet(data map[string]any) {
+	if errMsg, ok := data["error"].(string); ok && errMsg != "" {
+		c.printError(data)
+		return
+	}
+	val, _ := data["value"].(float64)
+	applied, _ := data["applied"].(float64)
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Pool cap set to: %d\n", uint32(val))
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Applied to %d live clients\n", int(applied))
+	if failed, ok := data["failed"].(map[string]any); ok && len(failed) > 0 {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(c.out, "Failed:")
+		for k, v := range failed {
+			_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  %s: %v\n", k, v)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Runtime fetches runtime stats (heap, goroutines, RSS).
+func (c *Client) Runtime(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return c.fetchAndPrint(ctx, "/debug/runtime", c.printRuntime)
+}
+
+func (c *Client) printRuntime(data map[string]any) {
+	i := func(k string) uint64 {
+		v, _ := data[k].(float64)
+		return uint64(v)
+	}
+	mb := func(n uint64) string { return fmt.Sprintf("%.1f MB", float64(n)/(1<<20)) }
+
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Uptime:       %v\n", data["uptime"])
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Go:           %v on %d CPU (GOMAXPROCS=%d)\n", data["go_version"], uint32(i("num_cpu")), uint32(i("gomaxprocs")))
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Goroutines:   %d\n", i("goroutines"))
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Live objects: %d\n", i("live_objects"))
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "GC:           %d cycles, %v pause total\n", i("num_gc"), time.Duration(i("pause_total_ns")))
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(c.out, "Heap:")
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  alloc:      %s\n", mb(i("heap_alloc")))
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  in-use:     %s\n", mb(i("heap_inuse")))
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  idle:       %s\n", mb(i("heap_idle")))
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  released:   %s\n", mb(i("heap_released")))
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  sys:        %s\n", mb(i("heap_sys")))
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Total sys:    %s\n", mb(i("sys")))
+	if _, ok := data["vm_rss"]; ok {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(c.out, "Process:")
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  VmRSS:      %s\n", mb(i("vm_rss")))
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  VmSize:     %s\n", mb(i("vm_size")))
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  VmData:     %s\n", mb(i("vm_data")))
+	}
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Clients:      %d (%d started)\n", i("clients"), i("started"))
+}
+
 // StartClient starts a specific client.
 func (c *Client) StartClient(ctx context.Context, accountID string) error {
 	path := "/debug/clients/" + url.PathEscape(accountID) + "/start"
diff --git a/proxy/internal/debug/handler.go b/proxy/internal/debug/handler.go
index 23ca4adbb..6300228d7 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/debug/handler.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/debug/handler.go
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ import (
 	"maps"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -59,6 +61,24 @@ func sortedAccountIDs(m map[types.AccountID]roundtrip.ClientDebugInfo) []types.A
 type clientProvider interface {
 	GetClient(accountID types.AccountID) (*nbembed.Client, bool)
 	ListClientsForDebug() map[types.AccountID]roundtrip.ClientDebugInfo
+	ListClientsForStartup() map[types.AccountID]*nbembed.Client
+}
+
+// InboundListenerInfo describes a per-account inbound listener as
+// surfaced through the debug HTTP handler. Mirrors the proto sub-message
+// emitted with SendStatusUpdate so dashboards and CLI tooling see the
+// same shape.
+type InboundListenerInfo struct {
+	TunnelIP  string `json:"tunnel_ip"`
+	HTTPSPort uint16 `json:"https_port"`
+	HTTPPort  uint16 `json:"http_port"`
+}
+
+// InboundProvider exposes per-account inbound listener state. Optional;
+// when nil the debug endpoint omits the inbound section entirely so the
+// existing JSON shape stays additive.
+type InboundProvider interface {
+	InboundListeners() map[types.AccountID]InboundListenerInfo
 }
 
 // healthChecker provides health probe state.
@@ -80,6 +100,7 @@ type Handler struct {
 	provider   clientProvider
 	health     healthChecker
 	certStatus certStatus
+	inbound    InboundProvider
 	logger     *log.Logger
 	startTime  time.Time
 	templates  *template.Template
@@ -108,6 +129,13 @@ func (h *Handler) SetCertStatus(cs certStatus) {
 	h.certStatus = cs
 }
 
+// SetInboundProvider wires per-account inbound listener observability.
+// Pass nil (or skip the call) to keep the inbound section out of debug
+// responses on proxies that don't run --private.
+func (h *Handler) SetInboundProvider(p InboundProvider) {
+	h.inbound = p
+}
+
 func (h *Handler) loadTemplates() error {
 	tmpl, err := template.ParseFS(templateFS, "templates/*.html")
 	if err != nil {
@@ -140,6 +168,10 @@ func (h *Handler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		h.handleListClients(w, r, wantJSON)
 	case "/debug/health":
 		h.handleHealth(w, r, wantJSON)
+	case "/debug/perf":
+		h.handlePerf(w, r)
+	case "/debug/runtime":
+		h.handleRuntime(w, r)
 	default:
 		if h.handleClientRoutes(w, r, path, wantJSON) {
 			return
@@ -233,10 +265,10 @@ func (h *Handler) handleIndex(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, wantJSON b
 	}
 
 	if wantJSON {
-		clientsJSON := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0, len(clients))
+		clientsJSON := make([]map[string]any, 0, len(clients))
 		for _, id := range sortedIDs {
 			info := clients[id]
-			clientsJSON = append(clientsJSON, map[string]interface{}{
+			clientsJSON = append(clientsJSON, map[string]any{
 				"account_id":    info.AccountID,
 				"service_count": info.ServiceCount,
 				"service_keys":  info.ServiceKeys,
@@ -245,7 +277,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleIndex(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, wantJSON b
 				"age":           time.Since(info.CreatedAt).Round(time.Second).String(),
 			})
 		}
-		resp := map[string]interface{}{
+		resp := map[string]any{
 			"version":        version.NetbirdVersion(),
 			"uptime":         time.Since(h.startTime).Round(time.Second).String(),
 			"client_count":   len(clients),
@@ -323,23 +355,35 @@ func (h *Handler) handleListClients(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, want
 	sortedIDs := sortedAccountIDs(clients)
 
 	if wantJSON {
-		clientsJSON := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0, len(clients))
+		var inboundAll map[types.AccountID]InboundListenerInfo
+		if h.inbound != nil {
+			inboundAll = h.inbound.InboundListeners()
+		}
+		clientsJSON := make([]map[string]any, 0, len(clients))
 		for _, id := range sortedIDs {
 			info := clients[id]
-			clientsJSON = append(clientsJSON, map[string]interface{}{
+			row := map[string]any{
 				"account_id":    info.AccountID,
 				"service_count": info.ServiceCount,
 				"service_keys":  info.ServiceKeys,
 				"has_client":    info.HasClient,
 				"created_at":    info.CreatedAt,
 				"age":           time.Since(info.CreatedAt).Round(time.Second).String(),
-			})
+			}
+			if inb, ok := inboundAll[id]; ok {
+				row["inbound_listener"] = inb
+			}
+			clientsJSON = append(clientsJSON, row)
 		}
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{
+		resp := map[string]any{
 			"uptime":       time.Since(h.startTime).Round(time.Second).String(),
 			"client_count": len(clients),
 			"clients":      clientsJSON,
-		})
+		}
+		if len(inboundAll) > 0 {
+			resp["inbound_listener_count"] = len(inboundAll)
+		}
+		h.writeJSON(w, resp)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -421,10 +465,14 @@ func (h *Handler) handleClientStatus(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, acc
 	})
 
 	if wantJSON {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{
+		resp := map[string]any{
 			"account_id": accountID,
 			"status":     overview.FullDetailSummary(),
-		})
+		}
+		if info, ok := h.inboundInfoFor(accountID); ok {
+			resp["inbound_listener"] = info
+		}
+		h.writeJSON(w, resp)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -437,6 +485,18 @@ func (h *Handler) handleClientStatus(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, acc
 	h.renderTemplate(w, "clientDetail", data)
 }
 
+// inboundInfoFor returns the inbound listener info for an account, or
+// ok=false when no inbound provider is wired or the account has no live
+// listener.
+func (h *Handler) inboundInfoFor(accountID types.AccountID) (InboundListenerInfo, bool) {
+	if h.inbound == nil {
+		return InboundListenerInfo{}, false
+	}
+	all := h.inbound.InboundListeners()
+	info, ok := all[accountID]
+	return info, ok
+}
+
 func (h *Handler) handleClientSyncResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, accountID types.AccountID, wantJSON bool) {
 	client, ok := h.provider.GetClient(accountID)
 	if !ok {
@@ -504,20 +564,20 @@ func (h *Handler) handleClientTools(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, acco
 func (h *Handler) handlePingTCP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, accountID types.AccountID) {
 	client, ok := h.provider.GetClient(accountID)
 	if !ok {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{"error": "client not found"})
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{"error": "client not found"})
 		return
 	}
 
 	host := r.URL.Query().Get("host")
 	portStr := r.URL.Query().Get("port")
 	if host == "" || portStr == "" {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{"error": "host and port parameters required"})
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{"error": "host and port parameters required"})
 		return
 	}
 
 	port, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
 	if err != nil || port < 1 || port > 65535 {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{"error": "invalid port"})
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{"error": "invalid port"})
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -541,7 +601,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handlePingTCP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, accountI
 
 	conn, err := client.Dial(ctx, network, address)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{
 			"success": false,
 			"host":    host,
 			"port":    port,
@@ -556,39 +616,38 @@ func (h *Handler) handlePingTCP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, accountI
 	}
 
 	latency := time.Since(start)
-	resp := map[string]interface{}{
+	h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{
 		"success":    true,
 		"host":       host,
 		"port":       port,
 		"remote":     remote,
 		"latency_ms": latency.Milliseconds(),
 		"latency":    formatDuration(latency),
-	}
-	h.writeJSON(w, resp)
+	})
 }
 
 func (h *Handler) handleLogLevel(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, accountID types.AccountID) {
 	client, ok := h.provider.GetClient(accountID)
 	if !ok {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{"error": "client not found"})
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{"error": "client not found"})
 		return
 	}
 
 	level := r.URL.Query().Get("level")
 	if level == "" {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{"error": "level parameter required (trace, debug, info, warn, error)"})
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{"error": "level parameter required (trace, debug, info, warn, error)"})
 		return
 	}
 
 	if err := client.SetLogLevel(level); err != nil {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{
 			"success": false,
 			"error":   err.Error(),
 		})
 		return
 	}
 
-	h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{
+	h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{
 		"success": true,
 		"level":   level,
 	})
@@ -599,7 +658,7 @@ const clientActionTimeout = 30 * time.Second
 func (h *Handler) handleClientStart(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, accountID types.AccountID) {
 	client, ok := h.provider.GetClient(accountID)
 	if !ok {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{"error": "client not found"})
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{"error": "client not found"})
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -607,14 +666,14 @@ func (h *Handler) handleClientStart(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, acco
 	defer cancel()
 
 	if err := client.Start(ctx); err != nil {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{
 			"success": false,
 			"error":   err.Error(),
 		})
 		return
 	}
 
-	h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{
+	h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{
 		"success": true,
 		"message": "client started",
 	})
@@ -623,7 +682,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleClientStart(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, acco
 func (h *Handler) handleClientStop(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, accountID types.AccountID) {
 	client, ok := h.provider.GetClient(accountID)
 	if !ok {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{"error": "client not found"})
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{"error": "client not found"})
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -631,19 +690,125 @@ func (h *Handler) handleClientStop(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, accou
 	defer cancel()
 
 	if err := client.Stop(ctx); err != nil {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{
 			"success": false,
 			"error":   err.Error(),
 		})
 		return
 	}
 
-	h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{
+	h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{
 		"success": true,
 		"message": "client stopped",
 	})
 }
 
+func (h *Handler) handlePerf(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	raw := r.URL.Query().Get("value")
+	if raw == "" {
+		http.Error(w, "value parameter is required", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	n, err := strconv.ParseUint(raw, 10, 32)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("invalid value %q: %v", raw, err), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	capN := uint32(n)
+	applied := 0
+	failed := map[string]string{}
+	for accountID, client := range h.provider.ListClientsForStartup() {
+		if err := client.SetPerformance(nbembed.Performance{PreallocatedBuffersPerPool: &capN}); err != nil {
+			failed[string(accountID)] = err.Error()
+			continue
+		}
+		applied++
+	}
+
+	resp := map[string]any{
+		"success": true,
+		"value":   capN,
+		"applied": applied,
+	}
+	if len(failed) > 0 {
+		resp["failed"] = failed
+	}
+	h.writeJSON(w, resp)
+}
+
+// handleRuntime returns cheap runtime and process stats. Safe to hit on a
+// running proxy; does not read pprof profiles.
+func (h *Handler) handleRuntime(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+	var m runtime.MemStats
+	runtime.ReadMemStats(&m)
+
+	clients := h.provider.ListClientsForDebug()
+	started := 0
+	for _, c := range clients {
+		if c.HasClient {
+			started++
+		}
+	}
+
+	resp := map[string]any{
+		"uptime":         time.Since(h.startTime).Round(time.Second).String(),
+		"goroutines":     runtime.NumGoroutine(),
+		"num_cpu":        runtime.NumCPU(),
+		"gomaxprocs":     runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0),
+		"go_version":     runtime.Version(),
+		"heap_alloc":     m.HeapAlloc,
+		"heap_inuse":     m.HeapInuse,
+		"heap_idle":      m.HeapIdle,
+		"heap_released":  m.HeapReleased,
+		"heap_sys":       m.HeapSys,
+		"sys":            m.Sys,
+		"live_objects":   m.Mallocs - m.Frees,
+		"num_gc":         m.NumGC,
+		"pause_total_ns": m.PauseTotalNs,
+		"clients":        len(clients),
+		"started":        started,
+	}
+
+	if proc := readProcStatus(); proc != nil {
+		resp["vm_rss"] = proc["VmRSS"]
+		resp["vm_size"] = proc["VmSize"]
+		resp["vm_data"] = proc["VmData"]
+	}
+
+	h.writeJSON(w, resp)
+}
+
+// readProcStatus parses /proc/self/status on Linux and returns size fields
+// in bytes. Returns nil on non-Linux or read failure.
+func readProcStatus() map[string]uint64 {
+	raw, err := os.ReadFile("/proc/self/status")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := map[string]uint64{}
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(string(raw), "\n") {
+		k, v, ok := strings.Cut(line, ":")
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if k != "VmRSS" && k != "VmSize" && k != "VmData" {
+			continue
+		}
+		fields := strings.Fields(v)
+		if len(fields) < 1 {
+			continue
+		}
+		n, err := strconv.ParseUint(fields[0], 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		// Values are reported in kB.
+		out[k] = n * 1024
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
 const maxCaptureDuration = 30 * time.Minute
 
 // handleCapture streams a pcap or text packet capture for the given client.
@@ -772,7 +937,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleHealth(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, wantJSON
 	h.writeJSON(w, resp)
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, name string, data interface{}) {
+func (h *Handler) renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, name string, data any) {
 	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
 	tmpl := h.getTemplates()
 	if tmpl == nil {
@@ -785,7 +950,7 @@ func (h *Handler) renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, name string, data interf
 	}
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) writeJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, v interface{}) {
+func (h *Handler) writeJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, v any) {
 	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 	enc := json.NewEncoder(w)
 	enc.SetIndent("", "  ")
diff --git a/proxy/internal/proxy/context.go b/proxy/internal/proxy/context.go
index a888ad9ed..e05ec78aa 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/proxy/context.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/proxy/context.go
@@ -52,8 +52,15 @@ type CapturedData struct {
 	origin     ResponseOrigin
 	clientIP   netip.Addr
 	userID     string
-	authMethod string
-	metadata   map[string]string
+	userEmail  string
+	userGroups []string
+	// userGroupNames pairs positionally with userGroups; populated from
+	// the JWT's group_names claim or from ValidateSession/Tunnel
+	// responses. Slice may be shorter than userGroups for tokens minted
+	// before names were resolvable.
+	userGroupNames []string
+	authMethod     string
+	metadata       map[string]string
 }
 
 // NewCapturedData creates a CapturedData with the given request ID.
@@ -138,6 +145,81 @@ func (c *CapturedData) GetUserID() string {
 	return c.userID
 }
 
+// SetUserEmail records the authenticated user's email address. Used by
+// policy-aware middlewares to stamp identity onto upstream requests
+// (e.g. x-litellm-end-user-id) without a management round-trip.
+func (c *CapturedData) SetUserEmail(email string) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	c.userEmail = email
+}
+
+// GetUserEmail returns the authenticated user's email address. Returns
+// the empty string when the auth path didn't carry an email (e.g.
+// non-OIDC schemes or legacy JWTs minted before the email claim).
+func (c *CapturedData) GetUserEmail() string {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+	return c.userEmail
+}
+
+// SetUserGroups records the authenticated user's group memberships so
+// downstream policy-aware middlewares can authorise the request without
+// an additional management round-trip. The auth middleware populates this
+// from ValidateSessionResponse / ValidateTunnelPeerResponse and from the
+// session JWT's groups claim on cookie-bearing requests.
+func (c *CapturedData) SetUserGroups(groups []string) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	if len(groups) == 0 {
+		c.userGroups = nil
+		return
+	}
+	c.userGroups = append(c.userGroups[:0], groups...)
+}
+
+// GetUserGroups returns a copy of the authenticated user's group
+// memberships.
+func (c *CapturedData) GetUserGroups() []string {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+	if len(c.userGroups) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]string, len(c.userGroups))
+	copy(out, c.userGroups)
+	return out
+}
+
+// SetUserGroupNames records the human-readable display names for the
+// user's groups, ordered identically to UserGroups (positional
+// pairing). Stamped onto upstream requests as X-NetBird-Groups so
+// downstream services can read names rather than opaque ids.
+func (c *CapturedData) SetUserGroupNames(names []string) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	if len(names) == 0 {
+		c.userGroupNames = nil
+		return
+	}
+	c.userGroupNames = append(c.userGroupNames[:0], names...)
+}
+
+// GetUserGroupNames returns a copy of the authenticated user's group
+// display names. Position i pairs with UserGroups[i]. May be shorter
+// than UserGroups for tokens minted before names were resolvable; the
+// consumer should fall back to ids for missing positions.
+func (c *CapturedData) GetUserGroupNames() []string {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+	if len(c.userGroupNames) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]string, len(c.userGroupNames))
+	copy(out, c.userGroupNames)
+	return out
+}
+
 // SetAuthMethod sets the authentication method used.
 func (c *CapturedData) SetAuthMethod(method string) {
 	c.mu.Lock()
diff --git a/proxy/internal/proxy/reverseproxy.go b/proxy/internal/proxy/reverseproxy.go
index 246851d24..da0bf6552 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/proxy/reverseproxy.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/proxy/reverseproxy.go
@@ -66,6 +66,22 @@ func (p *ReverseProxy) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// Loop guard for private services: a peer that hosts the target
+	// dialing its own service URL would round-trip its own traffic
+	// through the proxy and back over WG to itself. Refuse the request
+	// with 421 (Misdirected Request) so the caller sees an explicit
+	// error instead of silently doubling tunnel traffic.
+	if p.isSelfTargetLoop(r, result.target.URL) {
+		if cd := CapturedDataFromContext(r.Context()); cd != nil {
+			cd.SetOrigin(OriginNoRoute)
+		}
+		requestID := getRequestID(r)
+		web.ServeErrorPage(w, r, http.StatusMisdirectedRequest, "Loop Detected",
+			"This peer is the target of the requested service. Reach the backend directly instead of dialing the public service URL from the same machine.",
+			requestID, web.ErrorStatus{Proxy: true, Destination: false})
+		return
+	}
+
 	ctx := r.Context()
 	// Set the account ID in the context for the roundtripper to use.
 	ctx = roundtrip.WithAccountID(ctx, result.accountID)
@@ -86,6 +102,9 @@ func (p *ReverseProxy) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	if pt.RequestTimeout > 0 {
 		ctx = types.WithDialTimeout(ctx, pt.RequestTimeout)
 	}
+	if pt.DirectUpstream {
+		ctx = roundtrip.WithDirectUpstream(ctx)
+	}
 
 	rewriteMatchedPath := result.matchedPath
 	if pt.PathRewrite == PathRewritePreserve {
@@ -104,6 +123,32 @@ func (p *ReverseProxy) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	rp.ServeHTTP(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
 }
 
+// isSelfTargetLoop reports whether an overlay-origin request is about to
+// be forwarded back to the very peer that initiated it. The detection
+// is intentionally narrow: it only fires when the request arrived on
+// the per-account inbound (overlay) listener (so we're confident the
+// source address is the caller's tunnel IP), and only when the resolved
+// target host matches that tunnel IP. Catching this here returns 421 to
+// the caller instead of letting the proxy round-trip its own traffic
+// over WG twice.
+func (p *ReverseProxy) isSelfTargetLoop(r *http.Request, target *url.URL) bool {
+	if target == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !types.IsOverlayOrigin(r.Context()) {
+		return false
+	}
+	srcIP := extractHostIP(r.RemoteAddr)
+	if !srcIP.IsValid() {
+		return false
+	}
+	targetIP, err := netip.ParseAddr(target.Hostname())
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return srcIP.Unmap() == targetIP.Unmap()
+}
+
 // rewriteFunc returns a Rewrite function for httputil.ReverseProxy that rewrites
 // inbound requests to target the backend service while setting security-relevant
 // forwarding headers and stripping proxy authentication credentials.
@@ -142,6 +187,8 @@ func (p *ReverseProxy) rewriteFunc(target *url.URL, matchedPath string, passHost
 			r.Out.Header.Set(k, v)
 		}
 
+		stampNetBirdIdentity(r)
+
 		clientIP := extractHostIP(r.In.RemoteAddr)
 
 		if isTrustedAddr(clientIP, p.trustedProxies) {
@@ -426,3 +473,70 @@ func opErrorContains(err error, substr string) bool {
 	}
 	return false
 }
+
+const (
+	// headerNetBirdUser carries the authenticated user's display identity
+	// (email when the peer is attached to a user, else peer name) onto
+	// upstream requests. Stripped from inbound requests before stamping
+	// so a client can't spoof identity by setting the header themselves.
+	headerNetBirdUser = "X-NetBird-User"
+	// headerNetBirdGroups carries the user's group display names as a
+	// comma-separated list. Falls back to group IDs at positions where a
+	// name wasn't available at session-mint time. Labels containing a
+	// comma or any non-printable byte are dropped at stamp time so the
+	// list is unambiguously splittable by consumers.
+	headerNetBirdGroups = "X-NetBird-Groups"
+)
+
+// isHeaderValueSafe reports whether v is a valid RFC 7230 field-value:
+// VCHAR (0x21-0x7E), SP (0x20), or HTAB (0x09). Empty values are
+// rejected; the caller decides whether to omit the header entirely.
+func isHeaderValueSafe(v string) bool {
+	if v == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < len(v); i++ {
+		c := v[i]
+		if c == '\t' || (c >= 0x20 && c <= 0x7E) {
+			continue
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// stampNetBirdIdentity injects authenticated identity onto outbound
+// requests as X-NetBird-User and X-NetBird-Groups. Always strips any
+// client-sent values first (anti-spoof). Skips when the request didn't
+// carry CapturedData (early-path errors, internal endpoints).
+func stampNetBirdIdentity(r *httputil.ProxyRequest) {
+	r.Out.Header.Del(headerNetBirdUser)
+	r.Out.Header.Del(headerNetBirdGroups)
+
+	cd := CapturedDataFromContext(r.In.Context())
+	if cd == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if email := cd.GetUserEmail(); isHeaderValueSafe(email) {
+		r.Out.Header.Set(headerNetBirdUser, email)
+	}
+	groupIDs := cd.GetUserGroups()
+	if len(groupIDs) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	groupNames := cd.GetUserGroupNames()
+	labels := make([]string, 0, len(groupIDs))
+	for i, id := range groupIDs {
+		label := id
+		if i < len(groupNames) && groupNames[i] != "" {
+			label = groupNames[i]
+		}
+		if !isHeaderValueSafe(label) || strings.ContainsRune(label, ',') {
+			continue
+		}
+		labels = append(labels, label)
+	}
+	if len(labels) > 0 {
+		r.Out.Header.Set(headerNetBirdGroups, strings.Join(labels, ","))
+	}
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/proxy/reverseproxy_test.go b/proxy/internal/proxy/reverseproxy_test.go
index c53307837..a8244fa56 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/proxy/reverseproxy_test.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/proxy/reverseproxy_test.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/roundtrip"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/web"
 )
 
@@ -1067,3 +1068,342 @@ func TestClassifyProxyError(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestStampNetBirdIdentity_NoCapturedData_StripsOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	target, _ := url.Parse("http://backend.internal:8080")
+	p := &ReverseProxy{forwardedProto: "auto"}
+	rewrite := p.rewriteFunc(target, "", false, PathRewriteDefault, nil, nil)
+
+	pr := newProxyRequest(t, "http://example.com/", "203.0.113.50:9999")
+	pr.In.Header.Set(headerNetBirdUser, "spoofed@evil.io")
+	pr.In.Header.Set(headerNetBirdGroups, "admin")
+	pr.Out.Header = pr.In.Header.Clone()
+
+	rewrite(pr)
+
+	assert.Empty(t, pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdUser),
+		"client-supplied X-NetBird-User must be stripped when no captured identity is present")
+	assert.Empty(t, pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdGroups),
+		"client-supplied X-NetBird-Groups must be stripped when no captured identity is present")
+}
+
+func TestStampNetBirdIdentity_StampsFromCapturedData(t *testing.T) {
+	target, _ := url.Parse("http://backend.internal:8080")
+	p := &ReverseProxy{forwardedProto: "auto"}
+	rewrite := p.rewriteFunc(target, "", false, PathRewriteDefault, nil, nil)
+
+	pr := newProxyRequest(t, "http://example.com/", "203.0.113.50:9999")
+	pr.In.Header.Set(headerNetBirdUser, "spoofed@evil.io")
+	pr.Out.Header = pr.In.Header.Clone()
+
+	cd := NewCapturedData("req-1")
+	cd.SetUserEmail("alice@netbird.io")
+	cd.SetUserGroups([]string{"grp-eng", "grp-ops"})
+	cd.SetUserGroupNames([]string{"engineering", "operations"})
+
+	pr.In = pr.In.WithContext(WithCapturedData(pr.In.Context(), cd))
+
+	rewrite(pr)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "alice@netbird.io", pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdUser),
+		"captured email must overwrite any spoofed value")
+	assert.Equal(t, "engineering,operations", pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdGroups),
+		"group display names must be CSV-joined in positional order")
+}
+
+// TestStampNetBirdIdentity_GroupsOnlyWhenEmailEmpty covers the
+// tunnel-peer-without-user case (machine agents, unattached proxy peers).
+// The proxy must still stamp the peer's groups so downstream services can
+// authorise, but X-NetBird-User stays unset — only its inbound stripping
+// must happen.
+func TestStampNetBirdIdentity_GroupsOnlyWhenEmailEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	target, _ := url.Parse("http://backend.internal:8080")
+	p := &ReverseProxy{forwardedProto: "auto"}
+	rewrite := p.rewriteFunc(target, "", false, PathRewriteDefault, nil, nil)
+
+	pr := newProxyRequest(t, "http://example.com/", "203.0.113.50:9999")
+	pr.In.Header.Set(headerNetBirdUser, "spoofed@evil.io")
+	pr.Out.Header = pr.In.Header.Clone()
+
+	cd := NewCapturedData("req-1")
+	cd.SetUserGroups([]string{"grp-machines"})
+	cd.SetUserGroupNames([]string{"machines"})
+
+	pr.In = pr.In.WithContext(WithCapturedData(pr.In.Context(), cd))
+
+	rewrite(pr)
+
+	assert.Empty(t, pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdUser),
+		"X-NetBird-User must remain unset when CapturedData carries no email")
+	assert.Equal(t, "machines", pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdGroups),
+		"groups must still be stamped for peers without a user identity")
+}
+
+// TestStampNetBirdIdentity_EmailOnlyWhenGroupsEmpty covers the symmetric
+// case: identity-resolved user without resolved group memberships.
+func TestStampNetBirdIdentity_EmailOnlyWhenGroupsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	target, _ := url.Parse("http://backend.internal:8080")
+	p := &ReverseProxy{forwardedProto: "auto"}
+	rewrite := p.rewriteFunc(target, "", false, PathRewriteDefault, nil, nil)
+
+	pr := newProxyRequest(t, "http://example.com/", "203.0.113.50:9999")
+	pr.In.Header.Set(headerNetBirdGroups, "spoofed-admin")
+	pr.Out.Header = pr.In.Header.Clone()
+
+	cd := NewCapturedData("req-1")
+	cd.SetUserEmail("carol@netbird.io")
+
+	pr.In = pr.In.WithContext(WithCapturedData(pr.In.Context(), cd))
+
+	rewrite(pr)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "carol@netbird.io", pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdUser),
+		"email must be stamped even when no groups are captured")
+	assert.Empty(t, pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdGroups),
+		"X-NetBird-Groups must remain unset when CapturedData carries no groups")
+}
+
+func TestStampNetBirdIdentity_FallsBackToGroupIDsWhenNameMissing(t *testing.T) {
+	target, _ := url.Parse("http://backend.internal:8080")
+	p := &ReverseProxy{forwardedProto: "auto"}
+	rewrite := p.rewriteFunc(target, "", false, PathRewriteDefault, nil, nil)
+
+	pr := newProxyRequest(t, "http://example.com/", "203.0.113.50:9999")
+
+	cd := NewCapturedData("req-1")
+	cd.SetUserEmail("bob@netbird.io")
+	cd.SetUserGroups([]string{"grp-a", "grp-b", "grp-c"})
+	// "grp-b" gets an explicit empty-string display name (not just a
+	// shorter slice). Both gap shapes must fall back to the id.
+	cd.SetUserGroupNames([]string{"alpha", "", ""})
+
+	pr.In = pr.In.WithContext(WithCapturedData(pr.In.Context(), cd))
+
+	rewrite(pr)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "alpha,grp-b,grp-c", pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdGroups),
+		"empty-string and out-of-range name slots must both fall back to the group id")
+}
+
+// TestStampNetBirdIdentity_DropsLabelsWithComma covers the
+// comma-separator constraint: a group display name that itself contains
+// a comma is dropped from the header (rather than corrupting the list),
+// and the remaining labels are stamped.
+func TestStampNetBirdIdentity_DropsLabelsWithComma(t *testing.T) {
+	target, _ := url.Parse("http://backend.internal:8080")
+	p := &ReverseProxy{forwardedProto: "auto"}
+	rewrite := p.rewriteFunc(target, "", false, PathRewriteDefault, nil, nil)
+
+	pr := newProxyRequest(t, "http://example.com/", "203.0.113.50:9999")
+
+	cd := NewCapturedData("req-1")
+	cd.SetUserEmail("alice@netbird.io")
+	cd.SetUserGroups([]string{"grp-a", "grp-b", "grp-c"})
+	cd.SetUserGroupNames([]string{"engineering", "EU, EMEA", "operations"})
+
+	pr.In = pr.In.WithContext(WithCapturedData(pr.In.Context(), cd))
+
+	rewrite(pr)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "engineering,operations", pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdGroups),
+		"group label with embedded comma must be dropped, remaining labels stamped")
+}
+
+// TestStampNetBirdIdentity_RejectsControlCharsInEmail covers the
+// header-injection defence: an email value containing CR/LF/control
+// chars is omitted entirely (not partially stamped) so the upstream
+// request stays well-formed and no header injection is possible.
+func TestStampNetBirdIdentity_RejectsControlCharsInEmail(t *testing.T) {
+	target, _ := url.Parse("http://backend.internal:8080")
+	p := &ReverseProxy{forwardedProto: "auto"}
+	rewrite := p.rewriteFunc(target, "", false, PathRewriteDefault, nil, nil)
+
+	pr := newProxyRequest(t, "http://example.com/", "203.0.113.50:9999")
+	pr.In.Header.Set(headerNetBirdUser, "spoofed@evil.io")
+	pr.Out.Header = pr.In.Header.Clone()
+
+	cd := NewCapturedData("req-1")
+	cd.SetUserEmail("alice@netbird.io\r\nX-Admin: yes")
+	cd.SetUserGroups([]string{"grp-a"})
+	cd.SetUserGroupNames([]string{"engineering"})
+
+	pr.In = pr.In.WithContext(WithCapturedData(pr.In.Context(), cd))
+
+	rewrite(pr)
+
+	assert.Empty(t, pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdUser),
+		"email with CR/LF must be dropped, not partially stamped")
+	assert.Equal(t, "engineering", pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdGroups),
+		"groups remain stampable even when email is invalid")
+}
+
+// TestStampNetBirdIdentity_RejectsControlCharsInGroup covers the
+// per-label defence: a group name with a control char is silently
+// dropped, the rest are stamped.
+func TestStampNetBirdIdentity_RejectsControlCharsInGroup(t *testing.T) {
+	target, _ := url.Parse("http://backend.internal:8080")
+	p := &ReverseProxy{forwardedProto: "auto"}
+	rewrite := p.rewriteFunc(target, "", false, PathRewriteDefault, nil, nil)
+
+	pr := newProxyRequest(t, "http://example.com/", "203.0.113.50:9999")
+
+	cd := NewCapturedData("req-1")
+	cd.SetUserEmail("alice@netbird.io")
+	cd.SetUserGroups([]string{"grp-a", "grp-b"})
+	cd.SetUserGroupNames([]string{"engineering\r\nsneaky", "operations"})
+
+	pr.In = pr.In.WithContext(WithCapturedData(pr.In.Context(), cd))
+
+	rewrite(pr)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "operations", pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdGroups),
+		"group label with control char must be dropped, valid ones kept")
+}
+
+// TestStampNetBirdIdentity_OmitsGroupsHeaderWhenAllInvalid covers the
+// edge case where every group label is rejected: the header must not be
+// set at all (rather than set to an empty string).
+func TestStampNetBirdIdentity_OmitsGroupsHeaderWhenAllInvalid(t *testing.T) {
+	target, _ := url.Parse("http://backend.internal:8080")
+	p := &ReverseProxy{forwardedProto: "auto"}
+	rewrite := p.rewriteFunc(target, "", false, PathRewriteDefault, nil, nil)
+
+	pr := newProxyRequest(t, "http://example.com/", "203.0.113.50:9999")
+	pr.In.Header.Set(headerNetBirdGroups, "spoofed-admin")
+	pr.Out.Header = pr.In.Header.Clone()
+
+	cd := NewCapturedData("req-1")
+	cd.SetUserEmail("alice@netbird.io")
+	cd.SetUserGroups([]string{"grp-a", "grp-b"})
+	cd.SetUserGroupNames([]string{"with,comma", "with\nbreak"})
+
+	pr.In = pr.In.WithContext(WithCapturedData(pr.In.Context(), cd))
+
+	rewrite(pr)
+
+	_, present := pr.Out.Header[http.CanonicalHeaderKey(headerNetBirdGroups)]
+	assert.False(t, present,
+		"X-NetBird-Groups must not be set when every group label is rejected")
+}
+
+// nopOKTransport returns 200 for every request without dialing — used
+// by the self-target-loop tests so the non-loop cases don't pay a real
+// TCP-dial timeout.
+type nopOKTransport struct{}
+
+func (nopOKTransport) RoundTrip(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return &http.Response{StatusCode: http.StatusOK, Body: http.NoBody, Header: http.Header{}}, nil
+}
+
+// TestServeHTTP_SelfTargetLoopReturns421 covers the loop guard for
+// private services: when a peer dials a service whose only target is
+// the peer itself, the proxy must refuse with 421 (Misdirected
+// Request) rather than round-tripping the request back over WG to
+// the same peer.
+func TestServeHTTP_SelfTargetLoopReturns421(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := NewReverseProxy(nopOKTransport{}, "auto", nil, nil)
+	rp.AddMapping(Mapping{
+		ID:        "svc-1",
+		AccountID: "acct-1",
+		Host:      "private.svc",
+		Paths: map[string]*PathTarget{
+			"/": {
+				URL: &url.URL{Scheme: "http", Host: "100.64.0.5:8080"},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://private.svc/", nil)
+	req.Host = "private.svc"
+	req.RemoteAddr = "100.64.0.5:55555"
+	req = req.WithContext(types.WithOverlayOrigin(req.Context()))
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	rp.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMisdirectedRequest, rec.Code,
+		"a peer dialing a service whose target is itself must get 421")
+}
+
+// TestServeHTTP_SelfTargetLoop_NonOverlayRequestPassesThrough verifies
+// the guard is scoped to overlay-origin requests. A public-listener
+// request that happens to share a source IP with the target host must
+// not be misinterpreted as a loop — the gating relies on the inbound
+// marker being attached only by the per-account overlay listener.
+func TestServeHTTP_SelfTargetLoop_NonOverlayRequestPassesThrough(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := NewReverseProxy(nopOKTransport{}, "auto", nil, nil)
+	rp.AddMapping(Mapping{
+		ID:        "svc-1",
+		AccountID: "acct-1",
+		Host:      "public.svc",
+		Paths: map[string]*PathTarget{
+			"/": {
+				URL: &url.URL{Scheme: "http", Host: "100.64.0.5:8080"},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://public.svc/", nil)
+	req.Host = "public.svc"
+	req.RemoteAddr = "100.64.0.5:55555"
+	// No WithOverlayOrigin → the guard must not fire.
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	rp.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.NotEqual(t, http.StatusMisdirectedRequest, rec.Code,
+		"a non-overlay request with a colliding source IP must not be flagged as a loop")
+}
+
+// TestServeHTTP_SelfTargetLoop_OverlayDifferentIPPassesThrough confirms
+// that overlay-origin requests with a source IP that does *not* match
+// the target host are forwarded normally.
+func TestServeHTTP_SelfTargetLoop_OverlayDifferentIPPassesThrough(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := NewReverseProxy(nopOKTransport{}, "auto", nil, nil)
+	rp.AddMapping(Mapping{
+		ID:        "svc-1",
+		AccountID: "acct-1",
+		Host:      "private.svc",
+		Paths: map[string]*PathTarget{
+			"/": {
+				URL: &url.URL{Scheme: "http", Host: "100.64.0.5:8080"},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://private.svc/", nil)
+	req.Host = "private.svc"
+	req.RemoteAddr = "100.64.0.99:55555" // different from the target
+	req = req.WithContext(types.WithOverlayOrigin(req.Context()))
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	rp.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.NotEqual(t, http.StatusMisdirectedRequest, rec.Code,
+		"overlay request with a non-matching source IP must not be flagged as a loop")
+}
+
+// TestStampNetBirdIdentity_CapturedDataPresentButEmpty covers requests
+// that carry CapturedData with no identity fields populated (e.g. the
+// auth middleware ran but the request didn't authenticate). Both
+// headers must be cleared and neither stamped.
+func TestStampNetBirdIdentity_CapturedDataPresentButEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	target, _ := url.Parse("http://backend.internal:8080")
+	p := &ReverseProxy{forwardedProto: "auto"}
+	rewrite := p.rewriteFunc(target, "", false, PathRewriteDefault, nil, nil)
+
+	pr := newProxyRequest(t, "http://example.com/", "203.0.113.50:9999")
+	pr.In.Header.Set(headerNetBirdUser, "spoofed@evil.io")
+	pr.In.Header.Set(headerNetBirdGroups, "spoofed-admin")
+	pr.Out.Header = pr.In.Header.Clone()
+
+	cd := NewCapturedData("req-1")
+	pr.In = pr.In.WithContext(WithCapturedData(pr.In.Context(), cd))
+
+	rewrite(pr)
+
+	assert.Empty(t, pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdUser),
+		"X-NetBird-User must be stripped when CapturedData has no email")
+	assert.Empty(t, pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdGroups),
+		"X-NetBird-Groups must be stripped when CapturedData has no groups")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/proxy/servicemapping.go b/proxy/internal/proxy/servicemapping.go
index fe470cf01..46b4d2e8d 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/proxy/servicemapping.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/proxy/servicemapping.go
@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ type PathTarget struct {
 	RequestTimeout time.Duration
 	PathRewrite    PathRewriteMode
 	CustomHeaders  map[string]string
+	// DirectUpstream selects the stdlib HTTP transport (host network stack)
+	// over the embedded NetBird WireGuard client when forwarding requests
+	// to this target. Default false → embedded client (existing behaviour).
+	DirectUpstream bool
 }
 
 // Mapping describes how a domain is routed by the HTTP reverse proxy.
diff --git a/proxy/internal/restrict/restrict.go b/proxy/internal/restrict/restrict.go
index f3e0fa695..67756b88b 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/restrict/restrict.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/restrict/restrict.go
@@ -191,6 +191,18 @@ func (f *Filter) IsObserveOnly(v Verdict) bool {
 	return v.IsCrowdSec() && f.CrowdSecMode == CrowdSecObserve
 }
 
+// CheckCIDR runs only the CIDR allow/block evaluation. Use this when
+// country and CrowdSec checks don't apply — e.g. requests arriving
+// from the WireGuard overlay, whose source addresses live in the
+// CGNAT range and have no meaningful geolocation or IP-reputation
+// data.
+func (f *Filter) CheckCIDR(addr netip.Addr) Verdict {
+	if f == nil {
+		return Allow
+	}
+	return f.checkCIDR(addr.Unmap())
+}
+
 // Check evaluates whether addr is permitted. CIDR rules are evaluated
 // first because they are O(n) prefix comparisons. Country rules run
 // only when CIDR checks pass and require a geo lookup. CrowdSec checks
diff --git a/proxy/internal/restrict/restrict_test.go b/proxy/internal/restrict/restrict_test.go
index abaa1afdc..16aa1e139 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/restrict/restrict_test.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/restrict/restrict_test.go
@@ -514,6 +514,34 @@ func TestFilter_CrowdSec_Observe_NilChecker(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, Allow, f.Check(netip.MustParseAddr("1.2.3.4"), nil))
 }
 
+func TestFilter_CheckCIDR_AllowsWithoutCountryOrCrowdSec(t *testing.T) {
+	cs := &mockCrowdSec{ready: true, decisions: map[string]*CrowdSecDecision{
+		"100.64.5.6": {Type: DecisionBan},
+	}}
+	f := ParseFilter(FilterConfig{
+		AllowedCIDRs:     []string{"100.64.0.0/10"},
+		AllowedCountries: []string{"US"},
+		CrowdSec:         cs,
+		CrowdSecMode:     CrowdSecEnforce,
+	})
+
+	// CheckCIDR skips country + CrowdSec evaluation: an address inside
+	// the allowed CIDR passes even when it would be denied by CrowdSec
+	// or by the country allowlist (CGNAT addresses have no geo data).
+	assert.Equal(t, Allow, f.CheckCIDR(netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.5.6")),
+		"CheckCIDR must not run CrowdSec lookups on overlay traffic")
+
+	// CIDR denials still fire.
+	assert.Equal(t, DenyCIDR, f.CheckCIDR(netip.MustParseAddr("198.51.100.1")),
+		"CheckCIDR must still reject addresses outside the allow list")
+}
+
+func TestFilter_CheckCIDR_NilFilter(t *testing.T) {
+	var f *Filter
+	assert.Equal(t, Allow, f.CheckCIDR(netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.5.6")),
+		"CheckCIDR on a nil filter must allow")
+}
+
 func TestFilter_HasRestrictions_CrowdSec(t *testing.T) {
 	cs := &mockCrowdSec{ready: true}
 	f := ParseFilter(FilterConfig{CrowdSec: cs, CrowdSecMode: CrowdSecEnforce})
diff --git a/proxy/internal/roundtrip/multi.go b/proxy/internal/roundtrip/multi.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..567249437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/roundtrip/multi.go
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+package roundtrip
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// MultiTransport dispatches each request to either the embedded NetBird
+// http.RoundTripper or a stdlib http.Transport based on a per-request
+// context flag set by the reverse-proxy rewrite step. When the flag is
+// absent (the default for every existing target), requests follow the
+// embedded NetBird path — current behaviour, preserved.
+//
+// The stdlib branch is used when a target was configured with
+// direct_upstream=true. It dials via the host's network stack, which is
+// what private (`netbird proxy`) deployments and centralised proxies
+// fronting host-reachable upstreams (public APIs, LAN services,
+// localhost sidecars) want.
+//
+// An embedded roundtripper is required. To run direct-only (no WG
+// branch at all), construct the MultiTransport via NewDirectOnly.
+type MultiTransport struct {
+	embedded http.RoundTripper
+	direct   *http.Transport
+	insecure *http.Transport
+}
+
+// errNoEmbeddedTransport is returned when a request reaches the
+// embedded branch on a MultiTransport that wasn't given one. Surfaces
+// the misconfiguration to the caller instead of silently routing to
+// the direct branch, which would bypass the WG tunnel.
+var errNoEmbeddedTransport = errors.New("multitransport: embedded roundtripper not configured")
+
+// NewMultiTransport wires both branches. embedded is the existing NetBird
+// roundtripper and must not be nil — pass to NewDirectOnly for a
+// MultiTransport that only ever uses the direct branch. The direct
+// branches honour the same NB_PROXY_* tuning env vars as the embedded
+// transport (see loadTransportConfig) plus a dial-timeout wrapper that
+// respects types.WithDialTimeout.
+func NewMultiTransport(embedded http.RoundTripper, logger *log.Logger) *MultiTransport {
+	if logger == nil {
+		logger = log.StandardLogger()
+	}
+	cfg := loadTransportConfig(logger)
+	dialer := &net.Dialer{
+		Timeout:   30 * time.Second,
+		KeepAlive: 30 * time.Second,
+	}
+	direct := &http.Transport{
+		DialContext:           dialWithTimeout(dialer.DialContext),
+		ForceAttemptHTTP2:     true,
+		MaxIdleConns:          cfg.maxIdleConns,
+		MaxIdleConnsPerHost:   cfg.maxIdleConnsPerHost,
+		MaxConnsPerHost:       cfg.maxConnsPerHost,
+		IdleConnTimeout:       cfg.idleConnTimeout,
+		TLSHandshakeTimeout:   cfg.tlsHandshakeTimeout,
+		ExpectContinueTimeout: cfg.expectContinueTimeout,
+		ResponseHeaderTimeout: cfg.responseHeaderTimeout,
+		WriteBufferSize:       cfg.writeBufferSize,
+		ReadBufferSize:        cfg.readBufferSize,
+		DisableCompression:    cfg.disableCompression,
+	}
+	insecure := direct.Clone()
+	insecure.TLSClientConfig = &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true} //nolint:gosec // matches the embedded NetBird transport's per-target opt-in
+
+	return &MultiTransport{
+		embedded: embedded,
+		direct:   direct,
+		insecure: insecure,
+	}
+}
+
+// NewDirectOnly returns a MultiTransport with no embedded branch.
+// Every request goes through the direct branch regardless of the
+// per-request flag, so the embedded path can never be reached
+// silently — wiring code that needs WG must use NewMultiTransport.
+func NewDirectOnly(logger *log.Logger) *MultiTransport {
+	return NewMultiTransport(noEmbeddedRoundTripper{}, logger)
+}
+
+// noEmbeddedRoundTripper is the sentinel embedded transport for
+// direct-only MultiTransports. RoundTrip is never called in practice
+// because the direct branch matches every request, but if anything
+// ever did reach this path it would fail loudly instead of falling
+// back to direct.
+type noEmbeddedRoundTripper struct{}
+
+func (noEmbeddedRoundTripper) RoundTrip(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return nil, errNoEmbeddedTransport
+}
+
+// RoundTrip dispatches by reading the direct-upstream flag from the request
+// context. When set, the request is forwarded via the stdlib transport,
+// honouring the existing per-request skip-TLS-verify flag. Otherwise it
+// goes through the embedded NetBird roundtripper.
+func (m *MultiTransport) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	if DirectUpstreamFromContext(req.Context()) {
+		if skipTLSVerifyFromContext(req.Context()) {
+			return m.insecure.RoundTrip(req)
+		}
+		return m.direct.RoundTrip(req)
+	}
+	if m.embedded == nil {
+		return nil, errNoEmbeddedTransport
+	}
+	return m.embedded.RoundTrip(req)
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/roundtrip/multi_test.go b/proxy/internal/roundtrip/multi_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c6cf1c97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/roundtrip/multi_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+package roundtrip
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// stubRoundTripper records whether RoundTrip was called and returns a
+// canned response so tests can assert the dispatch decision without
+// running a real network.
+type stubRoundTripper struct {
+	called bool
+	body   string
+}
+
+func (s *stubRoundTripper) RoundTrip(_ *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	s.called = true
+	return &http.Response{
+		StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+		Body:       io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(s.body)),
+		Header:     http.Header{},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func TestMultiTransport_DispatchesByContextFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	embedded := &stubRoundTripper{body: "embedded"}
+	mt := NewMultiTransport(embedded, nil)
+
+	t.Run("default routes to embedded", func(t *testing.T) {
+		embedded.called = false
+		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.invalid", nil)
+		resp, err := mt.RoundTrip(req)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "embedded path must not error on stubbed transport")
+		require.NotNil(t, resp)
+		_ = resp.Body.Close()
+		assert.True(t, embedded.called, "request without WithDirectUpstream must hit the embedded transport")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("WithDirectUpstream skips embedded", func(t *testing.T) {
+		embedded.called = false
+		// Hit a server we control to verify the stdlib transport is used.
+		srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+			_, _ = io.WriteString(w, "direct")
+		}))
+		defer srv.Close()
+
+		req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(WithDirectUpstream(context.Background()), http.MethodGet, srv.URL, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		resp, err := mt.RoundTrip(req)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "direct path must dial via stdlib transport")
+		body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		_ = resp.Body.Close()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "direct", string(body), "stdlib transport must reach the test server")
+		assert.False(t, embedded.called, "WithDirectUpstream must bypass the embedded transport")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestMultiTransport_AppliesEnvOverridesToDirect verifies that the
+// NB_PROXY_* env vars consumed by loadTransportConfig flow into the
+// direct branches (previously they only applied to the embedded
+// roundtripper, so direct-upstream traffic ignored operator tuning).
+func TestMultiTransport_AppliesEnvOverridesToDirect(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(EnvMaxIdleConns, "42")
+	t.Setenv(EnvIdleConnTimeout, "11s")
+	t.Setenv(EnvTLSHandshakeTimeout, "7s")
+
+	mt := NewMultiTransport(&stubRoundTripper{body: "embedded"}, nil)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, mt.direct.MaxIdleConns,
+		"NB_PROXY_MAX_IDLE_CONNS must propagate to the direct transport")
+	assert.Equal(t, 11*time.Second, mt.direct.IdleConnTimeout,
+		"NB_PROXY_IDLE_CONN_TIMEOUT must propagate to the direct transport")
+	assert.Equal(t, 7*time.Second, mt.direct.TLSHandshakeTimeout,
+		"NB_PROXY_TLS_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT must propagate to the direct transport")
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, mt.insecure.MaxIdleConns,
+		"env tuning must also apply to the insecure-skip-verify direct transport")
+}
+
+// TestMultiTransport_NilEmbeddedErrorsWhenWGPathRequested guards
+// against the previous silent fallback: a MultiTransport constructed
+// without an embedded transport must reject requests that don't
+// explicitly opt into the direct branch, rather than routing them
+// over the host stack and bypassing WireGuard.
+func TestMultiTransport_NilEmbeddedErrorsWhenWGPathRequested(t *testing.T) {
+	mt := NewMultiTransport(nil, nil)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.invalid", nil)
+	resp, err := mt.RoundTrip(req)
+	if resp != nil {
+		_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	require.Error(t, err, "nil embedded must surface as an explicit error, not a silent direct dispatch")
+	assert.Nil(t, resp)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, errNoEmbeddedTransport,
+		"the error must be the sentinel so callers can distinguish misconfiguration from network failures")
+}
+
+// TestMultiTransport_DirectOnlyServesDirectBranch verifies NewDirectOnly
+// constructs a MultiTransport whose direct branch handles requests with
+// the direct-upstream flag set, and surfaces the explicit sentinel
+// when the embedded path is reached.
+func TestMultiTransport_DirectOnlyServesDirectBranch(t *testing.T) {
+	mt := NewDirectOnly(nil)
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		_, _ = io.WriteString(w, "ok")
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(WithDirectUpstream(context.Background()), http.MethodGet, srv.URL, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	resp, err := mt.RoundTrip(req)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "direct-only must serve requests that opt into the direct branch")
+	_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode)
+
+	wgReq := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.invalid", nil)
+	resp, err = mt.RoundTrip(wgReq)
+	if resp != nil {
+		_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	require.Error(t, err, "direct-only must refuse requests that didn't opt into the direct branch")
+	assert.Nil(t, resp)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, errNoEmbeddedTransport)
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/roundtrip/netbird.go b/proxy/internal/roundtrip/netbird.go
index 28eba7810..1d1e68f4a 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/roundtrip/netbird.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/roundtrip/netbird.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/netip"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -76,11 +77,11 @@ type clientEntry struct {
 	services          map[ServiceKey]serviceInfo
 	createdAt         time.Time
 	started           bool
-	// ready is closed once the client has been fully initialized.
-	// Callers that find a pending entry wait on this channel before
-	// accessing the client. A nil initErr means success.
-	ready   chan struct{}
-	initErr error
+	// inbound is opaque per-account state owned by the NetBird parent's
+	// ReadyHandler. The roundtrip package never inspects this value; it
+	// only stores it so RemovePeer / StopAll can hand it back to the
+	// matching StopHandler. Nil when no inbound integration is active.
+	inbound any
 	// Per-backend in-flight limiting keyed by target host:port.
 	// TODO: clean up stale entries when backend targets change.
 	inflightMu  sync.Mutex
@@ -88,6 +89,19 @@ type clientEntry struct {
 	maxInflight int
 }
 
+// IdentityForIP resolves a tunnel IP to the peer identity locally known by
+// this account's embedded client. Returns (pubKey, fqdn) on success.
+// ok=false means the IP is not in the account's roster — callers can use
+// that as a fast deny without round-tripping management. The returned
+// strings carry only what the embedded peerstore exposes; user identity
+// (UserID / Email / Groups) still flows through ValidateTunnelPeer.
+func (e *clientEntry) IdentityForIP(ip netip.Addr) (pubKey, fqdn string, ok bool) {
+	if e == nil || e.client == nil || !ip.IsValid() {
+		return "", "", false
+	}
+	return e.client.IdentityForIP(ip)
+}
+
 // acquireInflight attempts to acquire an in-flight slot for the given backend.
 // It returns a release function that must always be called, and true on success.
 func (e *clientEntry) acquireInflight(backend backendKey) (release func(), ok bool) {
@@ -117,6 +131,13 @@ type ClientConfig struct {
 	MgmtAddr     string
 	WGPort       uint16
 	PreSharedKey string
+	Performance  embed.Performance
+	// BlockInbound mirrors embed.Options.BlockInbound. Set to true on the
+	// standalone proxy where the embedded client never accepts inbound;
+	// set to false on the private/embedded proxy so the engine creates
+	// the ACL manager and applies management's per-policy firewall rules
+	// (which is what gates per-account inbound listeners on the netstack).
+	BlockInbound bool
 }
 
 type statusNotifier interface {
@@ -131,6 +152,7 @@ type managementClient interface {
 // backed by underlying NetBird connections.
 // Clients are keyed by AccountID, allowing multiple services to share the same connection.
 type NetBird struct {
+	ctx          context.Context
 	proxyID      string
 	proxyAddr    string
 	clientCfg    ClientConfig
@@ -142,6 +164,14 @@ type NetBird struct {
 	clients        map[types.AccountID]*clientEntry
 	initLogOnce    sync.Once
 	statusNotifier statusNotifier
+	// readyHandler runs after the embedded client for an account reports
+	// Ready. The opaque return value is stored on clientEntry and handed
+	// back to stopHandler when the entry is torn down. Nil disables the
+	// hook entirely (default for the standalone proxy).
+	readyHandler func(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, client *embed.Client) any
+	// stopHandler runs when an account's last service is removed (or the
+	// transport is shutting down). Receives whatever readyHandler returned.
+	stopHandler func(accountID types.AccountID, state any)
 
 	// OnAddPeer, when set, is called after AddPeer completes for a new account
 	// (i.e. when a new client was actually created, not when an existing one
@@ -167,9 +197,6 @@ type skipTLSVerifyContextKey struct{}
 // AddPeer registers a service for an account. If the account doesn't have a client yet,
 // one is created by authenticating with the management server using the provided token.
 // Multiple services can share the same client.
-//
-// Client creation (WG keygen, gRPC, embed.New) runs without holding clientsMux
-// so that concurrent AddPeer calls for different accounts execute in parallel.
 func (n *NetBird) AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, key ServiceKey, authToken string, serviceID types.ServiceID) error {
 	si := serviceInfo{serviceID: serviceID}
 
@@ -177,30 +204,21 @@ func (n *NetBird) AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, key Se
 
 	entry, exists := n.clients[accountID]
 	if exists {
-		ready := entry.ready
 		entry.services[key] = si
 		started := entry.started
 		n.clientsMux.Unlock()
 
-		// If the entry is still being initialized by another goroutine, wait.
-		if ready != nil {
-			select {
-			case <-ready:
-			case <-ctx.Done():
-				return ctx.Err()
-			}
-			if entry.initErr != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("peer initialization failed: %w", entry.initErr)
-			}
-		}
-
 		n.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
 			"account_id":  accountID,
 			"service_key": key,
 		}).Debug("registered service with existing client")
 
 		if started && n.statusNotifier != nil {
-			if err := n.statusNotifier.NotifyStatus(ctx, accountID, serviceID, true); err != nil {
+			// Use a background context, not the caller's: the management
+			// connection notification must land even if the request /
+			// stream that triggered this registration is cancelled.
+			// Mirrors the async runClientStartup path.
+			if err := n.statusNotifier.NotifyStatus(context.Background(), accountID, serviceID, true); err != nil {
 				n.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
 					"account_id":  accountID,
 					"service_key": key,
@@ -210,57 +228,35 @@ func (n *NetBird) AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, key Se
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	// Insert a placeholder so other goroutines calling AddPeer for the same
-	// account will wait on the ready channel instead of starting a second
-	// client creation.
-	entry = &clientEntry{
-		services: map[ServiceKey]serviceInfo{key: si},
-		ready:    make(chan struct{}),
-	}
-	n.clients[accountID] = entry
-	n.clientsMux.Unlock()
-
 	createStart := time.Now()
-	created, err := n.createClientEntry(ctx, accountID, key, authToken, si)
+	entry, err := n.createClientEntry(ctx, accountID, key, authToken, si)
 	if n.OnAddPeer != nil {
 		n.OnAddPeer(time.Since(createStart), err)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		entry.initErr = err
-		close(entry.ready)
-
-		n.clientsMux.Lock()
-		delete(n.clients, accountID)
 		n.clientsMux.Unlock()
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// Transfer any services that were registered by concurrent AddPeer calls
-	// while we were creating the client.
-	n.clientsMux.Lock()
-	for k, v := range entry.services {
-		created.services[k] = v
-	}
-	created.ready = nil
-	n.clients[accountID] = created
+	n.clients[accountID] = entry
 	n.clientsMux.Unlock()
 
-	close(entry.ready)
-
 	n.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
 		"account_id":  accountID,
 		"service_key": key,
 	}).Info("created new client for account")
 
 	// Attempt to start the client in the background; if this fails we will
-	// retry on the first request via RoundTrip.
-	go n.runClientStartup(ctx, accountID, created.client)
+	// retry on the first request via RoundTrip. runClientStartup uses its
+	// own background context so the caller's request-scoped ctx can't
+	// cancel the inbound bring-up.
+	go n.runClientStartup(accountID, entry.client)
 
 	return nil
 }
 
 // createClientEntry generates a WireGuard keypair, authenticates with management,
-// and creates an embedded NetBird client.
+// and creates an embedded NetBird client. Must be called with clientsMux held.
 func (n *NetBird) createClientEntry(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, key ServiceKey, authToken string, si serviceInfo) (*clientEntry, error) {
 	serviceID := si.serviceID
 	n.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
@@ -318,9 +314,16 @@ func (n *NetBird) createClientEntry(ctx context.Context, accountID types.Account
 		ManagementURL: n.clientCfg.MgmtAddr,
 		PrivateKey:    privateKey.String(),
 		LogLevel:      log.WarnLevel.String(),
-		BlockInbound:  true,
-		WireguardPort: &wgPort,
-		PreSharedKey:  n.clientCfg.PreSharedKey,
+		BlockInbound:  n.clientCfg.BlockInbound,
+		// The embedded proxy peer must never be a stepping stone into
+		// the proxy host's LAN: it only exists to reach NetBird mesh
+		// targets or, when direct_upstream is set, the host network
+		// stack via the MultiTransport's direct branch (which bypasses
+		// the engine routing entirely).
+		BlockLANAccess: true,
+		WireguardPort:  &wgPort,
+		PreSharedKey:   n.clientCfg.PreSharedKey,
+		Performance:    n.clientCfg.Performance,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create netbird client: %w", err)
@@ -359,8 +362,14 @@ func (n *NetBird) createClientEntry(ctx context.Context, accountID types.Account
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// runClientStartup starts the client and notifies registered services on success.
-func (n *NetBird) runClientStartup(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, client *embed.Client) {
+// runClientStartup starts the client and notifies registered services on
+// success. This function runs in a goroutine launched from AddPeer, so it
+// must never inherit the caller's request-scoped context — a canceled
+// request must not abort the inbound listener bring-up or the management
+// status notification. The embedded client.Start gets its own bounded
+// startCtx; once Start succeeds, notifyClientReady takes over with a
+// fresh context.Background() (see that function for the contract).
+func (n *NetBird) runClientStartup(accountID types.AccountID, client *embed.Client) {
 	startCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
 
@@ -373,7 +382,17 @@ func (n *NetBird) runClientStartup(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountI
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Mark client as started and collect services to notify outside the lock.
+	n.notifyClientReady(accountID, client)
+}
+
+// notifyClientReady marks the account's client as started, fires the
+// readyHandler hook, and notifies management of the new tunnel
+// connection for every registered service. It is split out of
+// runClientStartup so a regression test can drive the post-Start tail
+// without needing a live embedded client. The contract that the
+// hooks/notifier see context.Background() — never the AddPeer caller's
+// ctx — lives here.
+func (n *NetBird) notifyClientReady(accountID types.AccountID, client *embed.Client) {
 	n.clientsMux.Lock()
 	entry, exists := n.clients[accountID]
 	if exists {
@@ -385,13 +404,30 @@ func (n *NetBird) runClientStartup(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountI
 			toNotify = append(toNotify, serviceNotification{key: key, serviceID: info.serviceID})
 		}
 	}
+	readyHandler := n.readyHandler
 	n.clientsMux.Unlock()
 
+	if readyHandler != nil {
+		state := readyHandler(n.ctx, accountID, client)
+		n.clientsMux.Lock()
+		if e, ok := n.clients[accountID]; ok {
+			e.inbound = state
+		} else if state != nil && n.stopHandler != nil {
+			// Account was removed while readyHandler ran; tear down the
+			// resources it just brought up.
+			stop := n.stopHandler
+			n.clientsMux.Unlock()
+			stop(accountID, state)
+			n.clientsMux.Lock()
+		}
+		n.clientsMux.Unlock()
+	}
+
 	if n.statusNotifier == nil {
 		return
 	}
 	for _, sn := range toNotify {
-		if err := n.statusNotifier.NotifyStatus(ctx, accountID, sn.serviceID, true); err != nil {
+		if err := n.statusNotifier.NotifyStatus(n.ctx, accountID, sn.serviceID, true); err != nil {
 			n.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
 				"account_id":  accountID,
 				"service_key": sn.key,
@@ -432,11 +468,15 @@ func (n *NetBird) RemovePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, key
 	stopClient := len(entry.services) == 0
 	var client *embed.Client
 	var transport, insecureTransport *http.Transport
+	var inbound any
+	var stopHandler func(types.AccountID, any)
 	if stopClient {
 		n.logger.WithField("account_id", accountID).Info("stopping client, no more services")
 		client = entry.client
 		transport = entry.transport
 		insecureTransport = entry.insecureTransport
+		inbound = entry.inbound
+		stopHandler = n.stopHandler
 		delete(n.clients, accountID)
 	} else {
 		n.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
@@ -450,6 +490,9 @@ func (n *NetBird) RemovePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, key
 	n.notifyDisconnect(ctx, accountID, key, si.serviceID)
 
 	if stopClient {
+		if inbound != nil && stopHandler != nil {
+			stopHandler(accountID, inbound)
+		}
 		transport.CloseIdleConnections()
 		insecureTransport.CloseIdleConnections()
 		if err := client.Stop(ctx); err != nil {
@@ -536,8 +579,12 @@ func (n *NetBird) StopAll(ctx context.Context) error {
 	n.clientsMux.Lock()
 	defer n.clientsMux.Unlock()
 
+	stopHandler := n.stopHandler
 	var merr *multierror.Error
 	for accountID, entry := range n.clients {
+		if entry.inbound != nil && stopHandler != nil {
+			stopHandler(accountID, entry.inbound)
+		}
 		entry.transport.CloseIdleConnections()
 		entry.insecureTransport.CloseIdleConnections()
 		if err := entry.client.Stop(ctx); err != nil {
@@ -590,6 +637,19 @@ func (n *NetBird) GetClient(accountID types.AccountID) (*embed.Client, bool) {
 	return entry.client, true
 }
 
+// IdentityForIP resolves a tunnel IP to a peer identity local to the given
+// account. Delegates to clientEntry.IdentityForIP. Returns ok=false when
+// the account has no client or the IP is not in its peerstore.
+func (n *NetBird) IdentityForIP(accountID types.AccountID, ip netip.Addr) (pubKey, fqdn string, ok bool) {
+	n.clientsMux.RLock()
+	entry, exists := n.clients[accountID]
+	n.clientsMux.RUnlock()
+	if !exists {
+		return "", "", false
+	}
+	return entry.IdentityForIP(ip)
+}
+
 // ListClientsForDebug returns information about all clients for debug purposes.
 func (n *NetBird) ListClientsForDebug() map[types.AccountID]ClientDebugInfo {
 	n.clientsMux.RLock()
@@ -629,11 +689,12 @@ func (n *NetBird) ListClientsForStartup() map[types.AccountID]*embed.Client {
 // NewNetBird creates a new NetBird transport. Set clientCfg.WGPort to 0 for a random
 // OS-assigned port. A fixed port only works with single-account deployments;
 // multiple accounts will fail to bind the same port.
-func NewNetBird(proxyID, proxyAddr string, clientCfg ClientConfig, logger *log.Logger, notifier statusNotifier, mgmtClient managementClient) *NetBird {
+func NewNetBird(ctx context.Context, proxyID, proxyAddr string, clientCfg ClientConfig, logger *log.Logger, notifier statusNotifier, mgmtClient managementClient) *NetBird {
 	if logger == nil {
 		logger = log.StandardLogger()
 	}
 	return &NetBird{
+		ctx:            ctx,
 		proxyID:        proxyID,
 		proxyAddr:      proxyAddr,
 		clientCfg:      clientCfg,
@@ -645,6 +706,18 @@ func NewNetBird(proxyID, proxyAddr string, clientCfg ClientConfig, logger *log.L
 	}
 }
 
+// SetClientLifecycle registers callbacks that run when an embedded
+// client becomes ready and when its entry is torn down. The opaque value
+// returned by ready is stored on the entry and handed back to stop on
+// cleanup. Must be called before AddPeer. A nil pair leaves the
+// outbound-only behaviour intact.
+func (n *NetBird) SetClientLifecycle(ready func(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, client *embed.Client) any, stop func(accountID types.AccountID, state any)) {
+	n.clientsMux.Lock()
+	defer n.clientsMux.Unlock()
+	n.readyHandler = ready
+	n.stopHandler = stop
+}
+
 // dialWithTimeout wraps a DialContext function so that any dial timeout
 // stored in the context (via types.WithDialTimeout) is applied only to
 // the connection establishment phase, not the full request lifetime.
@@ -687,3 +760,22 @@ func skipTLSVerifyFromContext(ctx context.Context) bool {
 	v, _ := ctx.Value(skipTLSVerifyContextKey{}).(bool)
 	return v
 }
+
+// directUpstreamContextKey signals that the request should bypass the embedded
+// NetBird WireGuard client and dial via the host's network stack instead.
+// Set by the reverse-proxy rewrite step when the matched target carries
+// PathTarget.DirectUpstream; consumed by MultiTransport.
+type directUpstreamContextKey struct{}
+
+// WithDirectUpstream marks the context so MultiTransport routes the request
+// through its stdlib transport instead of the embedded NetBird roundtripper.
+func WithDirectUpstream(ctx context.Context) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, directUpstreamContextKey{}, true)
+}
+
+// DirectUpstreamFromContext reports whether the context has been marked to
+// bypass the embedded NetBird client.
+func DirectUpstreamFromContext(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	v, _ := ctx.Value(directUpstreamContextKey{}).(bool)
+	return v
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/roundtrip/netbird_test.go b/proxy/internal/roundtrip/netbird_test.go
index 5444f6c11..b1c36b465 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/roundtrip/netbird_test.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/roundtrip/netbird_test.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package roundtrip
 import (
 	"context"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/netip"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/embed"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 )
@@ -29,12 +31,15 @@ type statusCall struct {
 	accountID types.AccountID
 	serviceID types.ServiceID
 	connected bool
+	// ctx is captured so tests can assert the notifier received a
+	// fresh background context rather than an inherited request ctx.
+	ctx context.Context
 }
 
-func (m *mockStatusNotifier) NotifyStatus(_ context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, serviceID types.ServiceID, connected bool) error {
+func (m *mockStatusNotifier) NotifyStatus(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, serviceID types.ServiceID, connected bool) error {
 	m.mu.Lock()
 	defer m.mu.Unlock()
-	m.statuses = append(m.statuses, statusCall{accountID, serviceID, connected})
+	m.statuses = append(m.statuses, statusCall{accountID, serviceID, connected, ctx})
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -47,7 +52,7 @@ func (m *mockStatusNotifier) calls() []statusCall {
 // mockNetBird creates a NetBird instance for testing without actually connecting.
 // It uses an invalid management URL to prevent real connections.
 func mockNetBird() *NetBird {
-	return NewNetBird("test-proxy", "invalid.test", ClientConfig{
+	return NewNetBird(context.Background(), "test-proxy", "invalid.test", ClientConfig{
 		MgmtAddr:     "http://invalid.test:9999",
 		WGPort:       0,
 		PreSharedKey: "",
@@ -278,7 +283,7 @@ func TestNetBird_RoundTrip_RequiresExistingClient(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestNetBird_AddPeer_ExistingStartedClient_NotifiesStatus(t *testing.T) {
 	notifier := &mockStatusNotifier{}
-	nb := NewNetBird("test-proxy", "invalid.test", ClientConfig{
+	nb := NewNetBird(context.Background(), "test-proxy", "invalid.test", ClientConfig{
 		MgmtAddr:     "http://invalid.test:9999",
 		WGPort:       0,
 		PreSharedKey: "",
@@ -294,8 +299,12 @@ func TestNetBird_AddPeer_ExistingStartedClient_NotifiesStatus(t *testing.T) {
 	nb.clients[accountID].started = true
 	nb.clientsMux.Unlock()
 
-	// Add second service — should notify immediately since client is already started.
-	err = nb.AddPeer(context.Background(), accountID, "domain2.test", "key-1", types.ServiceID("svc-2"))
+	// Add second service with an already-cancelled caller context —
+	// should notify immediately (client is started) AND the notification
+	// must not inherit the cancelled ctx.
+	cancelledCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+	err = nb.AddPeer(cancelledCtx, accountID, "domain2.test", "key-1", types.ServiceID("svc-2"))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	calls := notifier.calls()
@@ -303,11 +312,44 @@ func TestNetBird_AddPeer_ExistingStartedClient_NotifiesStatus(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, accountID, calls[0].accountID)
 	assert.Equal(t, types.ServiceID("svc-2"), calls[0].serviceID)
 	assert.True(t, calls[0].connected)
+	require.NotNil(t, calls[0].ctx, "NotifyStatus must receive a context")
+	require.NoError(t, calls[0].ctx.Err(),
+		"already-started NotifyStatus must use a background ctx, not the cancelled caller ctx")
+}
+
+// TestNetBird_IdentityForIP_UnknownAccountReturnsFalse confirms that the
+// public lookup short-circuits when no client has been registered for
+// the queried account. The auth middleware uses ok=false as a fast deny.
+func TestNetBird_IdentityForIP_UnknownAccountReturnsFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	nb := mockNetBird()
+	_, _, ok := nb.IdentityForIP("acct-missing", netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10"))
+	assert.False(t, ok, "unknown account must yield ok=false")
+}
+
+// TestClientEntry_IdentityForIP_NilClientGuard ensures the receiver
+// methods stay safe when called on partially-initialized state, which
+// can happen briefly during AddPeer setup or test fixtures.
+func TestClientEntry_IdentityForIP_NilClientGuard(t *testing.T) {
+	var e *clientEntry
+	_, _, ok := e.IdentityForIP(netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10"))
+	assert.False(t, ok, "nil clientEntry must yield ok=false")
+
+	e = &clientEntry{}
+	_, _, ok = e.IdentityForIP(netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10"))
+	assert.False(t, ok, "clientEntry with nil embed.Client must yield ok=false")
+}
+
+// TestClientEntry_IdentityForIP_InvalidIPReturnsFalse covers the input
+// guard so callers don't have to repeat the check.
+func TestClientEntry_IdentityForIP_InvalidIPReturnsFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	e := &clientEntry{}
+	_, _, ok := e.IdentityForIP(netip.Addr{})
+	assert.False(t, ok, "invalid IP must yield ok=false")
 }
 
 func TestNetBird_RemovePeer_NotifiesDisconnection(t *testing.T) {
 	notifier := &mockStatusNotifier{}
-	nb := NewNetBird("test-proxy", "invalid.test", ClientConfig{
+	nb := NewNetBird(context.Background(), "test-proxy", "invalid.test", ClientConfig{
 		MgmtAddr:     "http://invalid.test:9999",
 		WGPort:       0,
 		PreSharedKey: "",
@@ -329,3 +371,53 @@ func TestNetBird_RemovePeer_NotifiesDisconnection(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, types.ServiceID("svc-1"), calls[0].serviceID)
 	assert.False(t, calls[0].connected)
 }
+
+// TestNotifyClientReady_UsesBackgroundCtx pins the contract that the
+// post-Start hooks (readyHandler + statusNotifier.NotifyStatus) run on
+// a fresh context.Background() rather than inheriting the AddPeer
+// caller's request- or stream-scoped ctx. Without this, a cancelled
+// caller ctx could abort the inbound listener bring-up or cause the
+// management status notification to fail spuriously and leave the
+// account in a half-connected state.
+func TestNotifyClientReady_UsesBackgroundCtx(t *testing.T) {
+	notifier := &mockStatusNotifier{}
+	nb := NewNetBird(context.Background(), "test-proxy", "invalid.test", ClientConfig{
+		MgmtAddr: "http://invalid.test:9999",
+	}, nil, notifier, &mockMgmtClient{})
+
+	accountID := types.AccountID("acct-async")
+	// Pre-populate a client entry so notifyClientReady has something
+	// to mark started + something to enumerate for NotifyStatus.
+	nb.clientsMux.Lock()
+	nb.clients[accountID] = &clientEntry{
+		services: map[ServiceKey]serviceInfo{
+			DomainServiceKey("svc.example"): {serviceID: types.ServiceID("svc-1")},
+		},
+	}
+	nb.clientsMux.Unlock()
+
+	var capturedReadyCtx context.Context
+	nb.SetClientLifecycle(
+		func(ctx context.Context, _ types.AccountID, _ *embed.Client) any {
+			capturedReadyCtx = ctx
+			return nil
+		},
+		nil,
+	)
+
+	// Drive the post-Start path directly; a real client.Start would
+	// need a working management URL.
+	nb.notifyClientReady(accountID, nil)
+
+	require.NotNil(t, capturedReadyCtx, "readyHandler must have been invoked")
+	require.NoError(t, capturedReadyCtx.Err(),
+		"readyHandler must receive a background context, not an inherited cancelled one")
+	deadline, ok := capturedReadyCtx.Deadline()
+	assert.False(t, ok, "readyHandler ctx must have no deadline (background); got %v", deadline)
+
+	calls := notifier.calls()
+	require.Len(t, calls, 1, "NotifyStatus must be invoked once per registered service")
+	require.NotNil(t, calls[0].ctx, "NotifyStatus must receive a context")
+	require.NoError(t, calls[0].ctx.Err(),
+		"NotifyStatus must receive a background context, not an inherited cancelled one")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/tcp/bench_test.go b/proxy/internal/tcp/bench_test.go
index 049f8395d..6c0b1eea7 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/tcp/bench_test.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/tcp/bench_test.go
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func BenchmarkPeekClientHello_TLS(b *testing.B) {
 	for b.Loop() {
 		r := bytes.NewReader(hello)
 		conn := &readerConn{Reader: r}
-		sni, wrapped, err := PeekClientHello(conn)
+		sni, wrapped, _, err := PeekClientHello(conn)
 		if err != nil {
 			b.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func BenchmarkPeekClientHello_NonTLS(b *testing.B) {
 	for b.Loop() {
 		r := bytes.NewReader(httpReq)
 		conn := &readerConn{Reader: r}
-		_, wrapped, err := PeekClientHello(conn)
+		_, wrapped, _, err := PeekClientHello(conn)
 		if err != nil {
 			b.Fatal(err)
 		}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/tcp/router.go b/proxy/internal/tcp/router.go
index 05beb658b..15c5022b0 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/tcp/router.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/tcp/router.go
@@ -100,28 +100,50 @@ type Router struct {
 	// httpCh is immutable after construction: set only in NewRouter, nil in NewPortRouter.
 	httpCh       chan net.Conn
 	httpListener *chanListener
-	mu           sync.RWMutex
-	routes       map[SNIHost][]Route
-	fallback     *Route
-	draining     bool
-	dialResolve  DialResolver
-	activeConns  sync.WaitGroup
-	activeRelays sync.WaitGroup
-	relaySem     chan struct{}
-	drainDone    chan struct{}
-	observer     RelayObserver
-	accessLog    l4Logger
-	geo          restrict.GeoResolver
+	// httpPlainCh feeds non-TLS HTTP connections to a parallel http.Server.
+	// Set only when NewRouter is called with WithPlainHTTP option (used by
+	// per-account inbound listeners that accept both :80 and :443 traffic).
+	// Nil for the host SNI router and for port routers.
+	httpPlainCh       chan net.Conn
+	httpPlainListener *chanListener
+	mu                sync.RWMutex
+	routes            map[SNIHost][]Route
+	fallback          *Route
+	draining          bool
+	dialResolve       DialResolver
+	activeConns       sync.WaitGroup
+	activeRelays      sync.WaitGroup
+	relaySem          chan struct{}
+	drainDone         chan struct{}
+	observer          RelayObserver
+	accessLog         l4Logger
+	geo               restrict.GeoResolver
 	// svcCtxs tracks a context per service ID. All relay goroutines for a
 	// service derive from its context; canceling it kills them immediately.
 	svcCtxs    map[types.ServiceID]context.Context
 	svcCancels map[types.ServiceID]context.CancelFunc
 }
 
+// RouterOption customises Router construction.
+type RouterOption func(*Router)
+
+// WithPlainHTTP enables a parallel plain-HTTP channel on the router. When
+// set, connections whose first byte is not a TLS handshake are forwarded
+// to the plain channel returned by HTTPListenerPlain instead of the TLS
+// channel. Used by per-account inbound listeners that share both :80 and
+// :443 traffic on the same router.
+func WithPlainHTTP(addr net.Addr) RouterOption {
+	return func(r *Router) {
+		ch := make(chan net.Conn, httpChannelBuffer)
+		r.httpPlainCh = ch
+		r.httpPlainListener = newChanListener(ch, addr)
+	}
+}
+
 // NewRouter creates a new SNI-based connection router.
-func NewRouter(logger *log.Logger, dialResolve DialResolver, addr net.Addr) *Router {
+func NewRouter(logger *log.Logger, dialResolve DialResolver, addr net.Addr, opts ...RouterOption) *Router {
 	httpCh := make(chan net.Conn, httpChannelBuffer)
-	return &Router{
+	r := &Router{
 		logger:       logger,
 		httpCh:       httpCh,
 		httpListener: newChanListener(httpCh, addr),
@@ -131,6 +153,10 @@ func NewRouter(logger *log.Logger, dialResolve DialResolver, addr net.Addr) *Rou
 		svcCtxs:      make(map[types.ServiceID]context.Context),
 		svcCancels:   make(map[types.ServiceID]context.CancelFunc),
 	}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(r)
+	}
+	return r
 }
 
 // NewPortRouter creates a Router for a dedicated port without an HTTP
@@ -153,6 +179,16 @@ func (r *Router) HTTPListener() net.Listener {
 	return r.httpListener
 }
 
+// HTTPListenerPlain returns a net.Listener yielding non-TLS connections
+// for use with a parallel plain http.Server. Returns nil when the router
+// was not constructed with WithPlainHTTP.
+func (r *Router) HTTPListenerPlain() net.Listener {
+	if r.httpPlainListener == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return r.httpPlainListener
+}
+
 // AddRoute registers an SNI route. Multiple routes for the same host are
 // stored and resolved by priority at lookup time (HTTP > TCP).
 // Empty host is ignored to prevent conflicts with ECH/ESNI fallback.
@@ -254,6 +290,9 @@ func (r *Router) Serve(ctx context.Context, ln net.Listener) error {
 			if r.httpListener != nil {
 				r.httpListener.Close()
 			}
+			if r.httpPlainListener != nil {
+				r.httpPlainListener.Close()
+			}
 		case <-done:
 		}
 	}()
@@ -270,6 +309,7 @@ func (r *Router) Serve(ctx context.Context, ln net.Listener) error {
 			r.logger.Debugf("SNI router accept: %v", err)
 			continue
 		}
+		r.logger.Debugf("SNI router accepted conn from %s on %s", conn.RemoteAddr(), conn.LocalAddr())
 		r.activeConns.Add(1)
 		go func() {
 			defer r.activeConns.Done()
@@ -278,13 +318,24 @@ func (r *Router) Serve(ctx context.Context, ln net.Listener) error {
 	}
 }
 
+// HandleConn lets external accept loops feed a connection through the
+// router's peek-and-dispatch logic. Use this when the same router serves
+// a secondary listener (for example, a per-account inbound :80 socket
+// alongside its :443 socket).
+func (r *Router) HandleConn(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) {
+	r.activeConns.Add(1)
+	defer r.activeConns.Done()
+	r.handleConn(ctx, conn)
+}
+
 // handleConn peeks at the TLS ClientHello and routes the connection.
 func (r *Router) handleConn(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) {
 	// Fast path: when no SNI routes and no HTTP channel exist (pure TCP
 	// fallback port), skip the TLS peek entirely to avoid read errors on
 	// non-TLS connections and reduce latency.
 	if r.isFallbackOnly() {
-		r.handleUnmatched(ctx, conn)
+		r.logger.Debugf("SNI router fallback-only mode for conn from %s; skipping ClientHello peek", conn.RemoteAddr())
+		r.handleUnmatched(ctx, conn, false)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -294,11 +345,11 @@ func (r *Router) handleConn(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	sni, wrapped, err := PeekClientHello(conn)
+	sni, wrapped, isTLS, err := PeekClientHello(conn)
 	if err != nil {
-		r.logger.Debugf("SNI peek: %v", err)
+		r.logger.Debugf("SNI peek failed for conn from %s: %v", conn.RemoteAddr(), err)
 		if wrapped != nil {
-			r.handleUnmatched(ctx, wrapped)
+			r.handleUnmatched(ctx, wrapped, isTLS)
 		} else {
 			_ = conn.Close()
 		}
@@ -313,13 +364,20 @@ func (r *Router) handleConn(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) {
 
 	host := SNIHost(strings.ToLower(sni))
 	route, ok := r.lookupRoute(host)
+	r.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"remote": wrapped.RemoteAddr().String(),
+		"sni":    string(host),
+		"match":  ok,
+		"tls":    isTLS,
+	}).Debug("SNI route lookup")
 	if !ok {
-		r.handleUnmatched(ctx, wrapped)
+		r.handleUnmatched(ctx, wrapped, isTLS)
 		return
 	}
 
 	if route.Type == RouteHTTP {
-		r.sendToHTTP(wrapped)
+		r.logger.Debugf("SNI %q routed to HTTP handler (service_id=%s)", host, route.ServiceID)
+		r.sendToHTTP(wrapped, isTLS)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -344,15 +402,17 @@ func (r *Router) isFallbackOnly() bool {
 }
 
 // handleUnmatched routes a connection that didn't match any SNI route.
-// This includes ECH/ESNI connections where the cleartext SNI is empty.
+// This includes ECH/ESNI connections where the cleartext SNI is empty,
+// and plain (non-TLS) HTTP connections when isTLS is false.
 // It tries the fallback relay first, then the HTTP channel, and closes
 // the connection if neither is available.
-func (r *Router) handleUnmatched(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) {
+func (r *Router) handleUnmatched(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, isTLS bool) {
 	r.mu.RLock()
 	fb := r.fallback
 	r.mu.RUnlock()
 
 	if fb != nil {
+		r.logger.Debugf("unmatched conn from %s relayed to TCP fallback (service_id=%s, target=%s)", conn.RemoteAddr(), fb.ServiceID, fb.Target)
 		if err := r.relayTCP(ctx, conn, SNIHost("fallback"), *fb); err != nil {
 			if !errors.Is(err, errAccessRestricted) {
 				r.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
@@ -364,7 +424,8 @@ func (r *Router) handleUnmatched(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) {
 		}
 		return
 	}
-	r.sendToHTTP(conn)
+	r.logger.Debugf("unmatched conn from %s sent to HTTP channel (no TCP fallback configured)", conn.RemoteAddr())
+	r.sendToHTTP(conn, isTLS)
 }
 
 // lookupRoute returns the highest-priority route for the given SNI host.
@@ -386,10 +447,20 @@ func (r *Router) lookupRoute(host SNIHost) (Route, bool) {
 }
 
 // sendToHTTP feeds the connection to the HTTP handler via the channel.
-// If no HTTP channel is configured (port router), the router is
-// draining, or the channel is full, the connection is closed.
-func (r *Router) sendToHTTP(conn net.Conn) {
-	if r.httpCh == nil {
+// When isTLS is false and a plain channel is configured the connection
+// is forwarded to the plain channel; otherwise it lands on the TLS
+// channel. If no usable channel exists, the router is draining, or the
+// channel is full, the connection is closed.
+func (r *Router) sendToHTTP(conn net.Conn, isTLS bool) {
+	ch := r.httpCh
+	chanName := "HTTP"
+	if !isTLS && r.httpPlainCh != nil {
+		ch = r.httpPlainCh
+		chanName = "HTTP-plain"
+	}
+
+	if ch == nil {
+		r.logger.Debugf("%s channel nil; dropping conn from %s", chanName, conn.RemoteAddr())
 		_ = conn.Close()
 		return
 	}
@@ -399,14 +470,15 @@ func (r *Router) sendToHTTP(conn net.Conn) {
 	r.mu.RUnlock()
 
 	if draining {
+		r.logger.Debugf("router draining; dropping conn from %s", conn.RemoteAddr())
 		_ = conn.Close()
 		return
 	}
 
 	select {
-	case r.httpCh <- conn:
+	case ch <- conn:
 	default:
-		r.logger.Warnf("HTTP channel full, dropping connection from %s", conn.RemoteAddr())
+		r.logger.Warnf("%s channel full, dropping connection from %s", chanName, conn.RemoteAddr())
 		_ = conn.Close()
 	}
 }
diff --git a/proxy/internal/tcp/router_test.go b/proxy/internal/tcp/router_test.go
index 93b6560f4..ea1b418f5 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/tcp/router_test.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/tcp/router_test.go
@@ -1739,3 +1739,100 @@ func TestCheckRestrictions_IPv4MappedIPv6(t *testing.T) {
 	connOutside := &fakeConn{remote: fakeAddr("[::ffff:192.168.1.1]:5678")}
 	assert.NotEqual(t, restrict.Allow, router.checkRestrictions(connOutside, route), "::ffff:192.168.1.1 not in v4 CIDR")
 }
+
+// TestRouter_PlainHTTP_RoutesToPlainChannel verifies that a plain (non-TLS)
+// connection lands on the plain HTTP channel when the router was built
+// with WithPlainHTTP, leaving the TLS channel untouched.
+func TestRouter_PlainHTTP_RoutesToPlainChannel(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := log.StandardLogger()
+	addr := &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 443}
+
+	router := NewRouter(logger, nil, addr, WithPlainHTTP(addr))
+	router.AddRoute("example.com", Route{Type: RouteHTTP})
+
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "test listener bind must succeed")
+	defer ln.Close()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	go func() {
+		_ = router.Serve(ctx, ln)
+	}()
+
+	// Plain HTTP request (no TLS handshake byte).
+	go func() {
+		conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", ln.Addr().String(), 2*time.Second)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		_, _ = conn.Write([]byte("GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: example.com\r\n\r\n"))
+	}()
+
+	plainListener := router.HTTPListenerPlain()
+	require.NotNil(t, plainListener, "plain listener must be exposed when WithPlainHTTP is set")
+
+	acceptDone := make(chan net.Conn, 1)
+	go func() {
+		conn, err := plainListener.Accept()
+		if err == nil {
+			acceptDone <- conn
+		}
+	}()
+
+	tlsListener, ok := router.HTTPListener().(*chanListener)
+	require.True(t, ok, "router.HTTPListener() must be the test's chanListener; the test relies on observing its channel directly")
+
+	select {
+	case conn := <-acceptDone:
+		require.NotNil(t, conn)
+		_ = conn.Close()
+	case <-tlsListener.ch:
+		t.Fatal("plain HTTP request leaked into TLS channel")
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("plain HTTP connection never reached plain channel")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRouter_TLS_StaysOnTLSChannel_WhenPlainEnabled verifies that the
+// presence of a plain channel does not divert TLS traffic — TLS still
+// goes to the TLS channel as before.
+func TestRouter_TLS_StaysOnTLSChannel_WhenPlainEnabled(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := log.StandardLogger()
+	addr := &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 443}
+
+	router := NewRouter(logger, nil, addr, WithPlainHTTP(addr))
+	router.AddRoute("example.com", Route{Type: RouteHTTP})
+
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "test listener bind must succeed")
+	defer ln.Close()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	go func() { _ = router.Serve(ctx, ln) }()
+
+	// Send a TLS ClientHello.
+	go func() {
+		conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", ln.Addr().String(), 2*time.Second)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		tlsConn := tls.Client(conn, &tls.Config{
+			ServerName:         "example.com",
+			InsecureSkipVerify: true, //nolint:gosec
+		})
+		_ = tlsConn.Handshake()
+		_ = tlsConn.Close()
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case conn := <-router.httpCh:
+		require.NotNil(t, conn, "TLS conn should land on the TLS channel")
+		_ = conn.Close()
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("TLS conn never reached the TLS channel")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/tcp/snipeek.go b/proxy/internal/tcp/snipeek.go
index 25ab8e5ef..dc3c96498 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/tcp/snipeek.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/tcp/snipeek.go
@@ -30,26 +30,30 @@ const (
 // bytes transparently. If the data is not a valid TLS ClientHello or
 // contains no SNI extension, sni is empty and err is nil.
 //
+// isTLS reports whether the first byte indicated a TLS handshake record.
+// Callers can use this to distinguish plain (non-TLS) traffic from a TLS
+// stream that simply lacked an SNI extension or used ECH.
+//
 // ECH/ESNI: When the client uses Encrypted Client Hello (TLS 1.3), the
 // real server name is encrypted inside the encrypted_client_hello
 // extension. This parser only reads the cleartext server_name extension
 // (type 0x0000), so ECH connections return sni="" and are routed through
 // the fallback path (or HTTP channel), which is the correct behavior
 // for a transparent proxy that does not terminate TLS.
-func PeekClientHello(conn net.Conn) (sni string, wrapped net.Conn, err error) {
+func PeekClientHello(conn net.Conn) (sni string, wrapped net.Conn, isTLS bool, err error) {
 	// Read the 5-byte TLS record header into a small stack-friendly buffer.
 	var header [tlsRecordHeaderLen]byte
 	if _, err := io.ReadFull(conn, header[:]); err != nil {
-		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("read TLS record header: %w", err)
+		return "", nil, false, fmt.Errorf("read TLS record header: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if header[0] != contentTypeHandshake {
-		return "", newPeekedConn(conn, header[:]), nil
+		return "", newPeekedConn(conn, header[:]), false, nil
 	}
 
 	recordLen := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(header[3:5]))
 	if recordLen == 0 || recordLen > maxClientHelloLen {
-		return "", newPeekedConn(conn, header[:]), nil
+		return "", newPeekedConn(conn, header[:]), true, nil
 	}
 
 	// Single allocation for header + payload. The peekedConn takes
@@ -59,11 +63,11 @@ func PeekClientHello(conn net.Conn) (sni string, wrapped net.Conn, err error) {
 
 	n, err := io.ReadFull(conn, buf[tlsRecordHeaderLen:])
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", newPeekedConn(conn, buf[:tlsRecordHeaderLen+n]), fmt.Errorf("read TLS handshake payload: %w", err)
+		return "", newPeekedConn(conn, buf[:tlsRecordHeaderLen+n]), true, fmt.Errorf("read TLS handshake payload: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	sni = extractSNI(buf[tlsRecordHeaderLen:])
-	return sni, newPeekedConn(conn, buf), nil
+	return sni, newPeekedConn(conn, buf), true, nil
 }
 
 // extractSNI parses a TLS handshake payload to find the SNI extension.
diff --git a/proxy/internal/tcp/snipeek_test.go b/proxy/internal/tcp/snipeek_test.go
index 9afe6261d..85dee15c1 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/tcp/snipeek_test.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/tcp/snipeek_test.go
@@ -29,10 +29,11 @@ func TestPeekClientHello_ValidSNI(t *testing.T) {
 		_ = tlsConn.Handshake()
 	}()
 
-	sni, wrapped, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
+	sni, wrapped, isTLS, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, expectedSNI, sni, "should extract SNI from ClientHello")
 	assert.NotNil(t, wrapped, "wrapped connection should not be nil")
+	assert.True(t, isTLS, "TLS ClientHello should be flagged as TLS")
 
 	// Verify the wrapped connection replays the peeked bytes.
 	// Read the first 5 bytes (TLS record header) to confirm replay.
@@ -83,10 +84,11 @@ func TestPeekClientHello_MultipleSNIs(t *testing.T) {
 				_ = tlsConn.Handshake()
 			}()
 
-			sni, wrapped, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
+			sni, wrapped, isTLS, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedSNI, sni)
 			assert.NotNil(t, wrapped)
+			assert.True(t, isTLS, "TLS handshake should be flagged as TLS")
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -102,10 +104,11 @@ func TestPeekClientHello_NonTLSData(t *testing.T) {
 		_, _ = clientConn.Write(httpData)
 	}()
 
-	sni, wrapped, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
+	sni, wrapped, isTLS, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Empty(t, sni, "should return empty SNI for non-TLS data")
 	assert.NotNil(t, wrapped)
+	assert.False(t, isTLS, "plain HTTP data should not be flagged as TLS")
 
 	// Verify the wrapped connection still provides the original data.
 	buf := make([]byte, len(httpData))
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ func TestPeekClientHello_TruncatedHeader(t *testing.T) {
 		clientConn.Close()
 	}()
 
-	_, _, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
+	_, _, _, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
 	assert.Error(t, err, "should error on truncated header")
 }
 
@@ -140,7 +143,7 @@ func TestPeekClientHello_TruncatedPayload(t *testing.T) {
 		clientConn.Close()
 	}()
 
-	_, _, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
+	_, _, _, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
 	assert.Error(t, err, "should error on truncated payload")
 }
 
@@ -154,10 +157,11 @@ func TestPeekClientHello_ZeroLengthRecord(t *testing.T) {
 		_, _ = clientConn.Write([]byte{0x16, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00})
 	}()
 
-	sni, wrapped, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
+	sni, wrapped, isTLS, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Empty(t, sni)
 	assert.NotNil(t, wrapped)
+	assert.True(t, isTLS, "zero-length record should still be a TLS handshake byte")
 }
 
 func TestExtractSNI_InvalidPayload(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/proxy/internal/types/types.go b/proxy/internal/types/types.go
index bf3731803..ffdbf2301 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/types/types.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/types/types.go
@@ -54,3 +54,23 @@ func DialTimeoutFromContext(ctx context.Context) (time.Duration, bool) {
 	d, ok := ctx.Value(dialTimeoutKey{}).(time.Duration)
 	return d, ok && d > 0
 }
+
+// overlayOriginKey is the context key set by per-account inbound
+// listeners to mark a request as originating from the WireGuard
+// overlay rather than the public-facing host listener.
+type overlayOriginKey struct{}
+
+// WithOverlayOrigin marks the context as originating from the
+// embedded NetBird overlay (tunnel-side inbound listener).
+func WithOverlayOrigin(ctx context.Context) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, overlayOriginKey{}, true)
+}
+
+// IsOverlayOrigin reports whether the request reached the proxy via
+// the overlay listener. Middlewares that only make sense for WAN
+// traffic (geolocation, CrowdSec IP reputation) should short-circuit
+// when this is true.
+func IsOverlayOrigin(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	v, _ := ctx.Value(overlayOriginKey{}).(bool)
+	return v
+}
diff --git a/proxy/lifecycle.go b/proxy/lifecycle.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41d4bc496
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/lifecycle.go
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/embed"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/acme"
+)
+
+// Config bundles every knob the proxy reads at construction time. It mirrors
+// the public fields on Server so library callers don't have to learn the
+// internal struct layout. Zero values mean "feature off" or "fall back to the
+// internal default" depending on the field — see the per-field doc.
+//
+// The standalone binary continues to populate Server fields directly, so
+// adding fields here must not change the zero-value behaviour of Server.
+type Config struct {
+	// ListenAddr is the TCP address the main listener binds. Required.
+	ListenAddr string
+	// ID identifies this proxy instance to management. Empty values are
+	// replaced with a timestamped default at Server.Start time (see
+	// initDefaults), not in New.
+	ID string
+	// Logger is the logrus logger used everywhere. Empty values fall
+	// back to log.StandardLogger() at Server.Start time (see
+	// initDefaults), not in New.
+	Logger *log.Logger
+	// Version is the build version string reported to management. Empty
+	// values are replaced with "dev" at Server.Start time (see
+	// initDefaults), not in New.
+	Version string
+	// ProxyURL is the public address operators use to reach this proxy.
+	ProxyURL string
+	// ManagementAddress is the gRPC URL of the management server.
+	ManagementAddress string
+	// ProxyToken authenticates this proxy with the management server.
+	ProxyToken string
+
+	// CertificateDirectory is the directory holding TLS certificate
+	// material (static or ACME-provisioned).
+	CertificateDirectory string
+	// CertificateFile is the certificate filename within
+	// CertificateDirectory.
+	CertificateFile string
+	// CertificateKeyFile is the private key filename within
+	// CertificateDirectory.
+	CertificateKeyFile string
+	// GenerateACMECertificates toggles ACME certificate provisioning.
+	GenerateACMECertificates bool
+	// ACMEChallengeAddress is the listen address for HTTP-01 challenges.
+	ACMEChallengeAddress string
+	// ACMEDirectory is the ACME directory URL (Let's Encrypt by default).
+	ACMEDirectory string
+	// ACMEEABKID is the External Account Binding Key ID for CAs that
+	// require EAB (e.g. ZeroSSL).
+	ACMEEABKID string
+	// ACMEEABHMACKey is the External Account Binding HMAC key for CAs
+	// that require EAB.
+	ACMEEABHMACKey string
+	// ACMEChallengeType is the ACME challenge type ("tls-alpn-01" or
+	// "http-01"). Empty defaults to "tls-alpn-01".
+	ACMEChallengeType string
+	// CertLockMethod controls how ACME certificate locks are coordinated
+	// across replicas.
+	CertLockMethod acme.CertLockMethod
+	// WildcardCertDir is an optional directory containing static wildcard
+	// certificates that override ACME for matching domains.
+	WildcardCertDir string
+
+	// DebugEndpointEnabled toggles the debug HTTP endpoint.
+	DebugEndpointEnabled bool
+	// DebugEndpointAddress is the bind address for the debug endpoint.
+	DebugEndpointAddress string
+	// HealthAddr is the bind address for the health probe and metrics
+	// surface. Empty disables the health probe entirely (library callers
+	// can attach their own).
+	HealthAddr string
+
+	// ForwardedProto overrides the X-Forwarded-Proto value sent to
+	// backends. Valid values: "auto", "http", "https".
+	ForwardedProto string
+	// TrustedProxies is a list of IP prefixes for trusted upstream
+	// proxies that may set forwarding headers.
+	TrustedProxies []netip.Prefix
+	// WireguardPort is the UDP port for the embedded NetBird tunnel.
+	// Zero asks the OS for a random port.
+	WireguardPort uint16
+	// ProxyProtocol enables PROXY protocol (v1/v2) on TCP listeners.
+	ProxyProtocol bool
+	// PreSharedKey is the WireGuard pre-shared key used between the
+	// proxy's embedded clients and peers.
+	PreSharedKey string
+	// Performance configures the tunnel pool/batch sizes for every
+	// embedded client this proxy creates. Zero values fall back to
+	// upstream defaults.
+	Performance embed.Performance
+
+	// SupportsCustomPorts indicates whether the proxy can bind arbitrary
+	// ports for TCP/UDP/TLS services.
+	SupportsCustomPorts bool
+	// RequireSubdomain forces accounts to use a subdomain in front of
+	// the proxy's cluster domain.
+	RequireSubdomain bool
+	// Private flags this proxy as embedded in a netbird client and
+	// serving exclusively over the WireGuard tunnel. Also enables
+	// per-account inbound listeners on each embedded client's netstack.
+	Private bool
+
+	// MaxDialTimeout caps the per-service backend dial timeout.
+	MaxDialTimeout time.Duration
+	// MaxSessionIdleTimeout caps the per-service session idle timeout.
+	MaxSessionIdleTimeout time.Duration
+
+	// GeoDataDir is the directory containing GeoLite2 MMDB files.
+	GeoDataDir string
+	// CrowdSecAPIURL is the CrowdSec LAPI URL. Empty disables CrowdSec.
+	CrowdSecAPIURL string
+	// CrowdSecAPIKey is the CrowdSec bouncer API key. Empty disables
+	// CrowdSec.
+	CrowdSecAPIKey string
+}
+
+// New builds a Server from cfg without performing any I/O. No goroutines
+// are spawned, no network connections are dialed, and no listeners are
+// bound — call Start to bring the proxy up. Returning a fully-formed
+// Server keeps the standalone code path (which still constructs Server
+// directly) byte-for-byte equivalent.
+func New(ctx context.Context, cfg Config) *Server {
+	return &Server{
+		ctx:                      ctx,
+		ListenAddr:               cfg.ListenAddr,
+		ID:                       cfg.ID,
+		Logger:                   cfg.Logger,
+		Version:                  cfg.Version,
+		ProxyURL:                 cfg.ProxyURL,
+		ManagementAddress:        cfg.ManagementAddress,
+		ProxyToken:               cfg.ProxyToken,
+		CertificateDirectory:     cfg.CertificateDirectory,
+		CertificateFile:          cfg.CertificateFile,
+		CertificateKeyFile:       cfg.CertificateKeyFile,
+		GenerateACMECertificates: cfg.GenerateACMECertificates,
+		ACMEChallengeAddress:     cfg.ACMEChallengeAddress,
+		ACMEDirectory:            cfg.ACMEDirectory,
+		ACMEEABKID:               cfg.ACMEEABKID,
+		ACMEEABHMACKey:           cfg.ACMEEABHMACKey,
+		ACMEChallengeType:        cfg.ACMEChallengeType,
+		CertLockMethod:           cfg.CertLockMethod,
+		WildcardCertDir:          cfg.WildcardCertDir,
+		DebugEndpointEnabled:     cfg.DebugEndpointEnabled,
+		DebugEndpointAddress:     cfg.DebugEndpointAddress,
+		HealthAddress:            cfg.HealthAddr,
+		ForwardedProto:           cfg.ForwardedProto,
+		TrustedProxies:           cfg.TrustedProxies,
+		WireguardPort:            cfg.WireguardPort,
+		ProxyProtocol:            cfg.ProxyProtocol,
+		PreSharedKey:             cfg.PreSharedKey,
+		Performance:              cfg.Performance,
+		SupportsCustomPorts:      cfg.SupportsCustomPorts,
+		RequireSubdomain:         cfg.RequireSubdomain,
+		Private:                  cfg.Private,
+		MaxDialTimeout:           cfg.MaxDialTimeout,
+		MaxSessionIdleTimeout:    cfg.MaxSessionIdleTimeout,
+		GeoDataDir:               cfg.GeoDataDir,
+		CrowdSecAPIURL:           cfg.CrowdSecAPIURL,
+		CrowdSecAPIKey:           cfg.CrowdSecAPIKey,
+	}
+}
diff --git a/proxy/management_integration_test.go b/proxy/management_integration_test.go
index d7e891801..bf5067b85 100644
--- a/proxy/management_integration_test.go
+++ b/proxy/management_integration_test.go
@@ -239,6 +239,10 @@ func (m *testProxyManager) ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(_ context.Context, _ string)
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (m *testProxyManager) ClusterSupportsPrivate(_ context.Context, _ string) *bool {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (m *testProxyManager) CleanupStale(_ context.Context, _ time.Duration) error {
 	return nil
 }
@@ -565,6 +569,7 @@ func TestIntegration_ProxyConnection_ReconnectDoesNotDuplicateState(t *testing.T
 					proxytypes.AccountID(mapping.GetAccountId()),
 					proxytypes.ServiceID(mapping.GetId()),
 					nil,
+					mapping.GetPrivate(),
 				)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 
diff --git a/proxy/process_mappings_bench_test.go b/proxy/process_mappings_bench_test.go
index ca0792590..919cab95c 100644
--- a/proxy/process_mappings_bench_test.go
+++ b/proxy/process_mappings_bench_test.go
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ func benchServerWithLatency(b *testing.B, createPeerDelay, statusDelay time.Dura
 		statusUpdateDelay: statusDelay,
 	}
 
-	nb := roundtrip.NewNetBird("bench-proxy", "bench.test",
+	nb := roundtrip.NewNetBird(b.Context(), "bench-proxy", "bench.test",
 		roundtrip.ClientConfig{MgmtAddr: "http://bench.test:9999"},
 		logger, nil, mgmtClient)
 
diff --git a/proxy/server.go b/proxy/server.go
index 6ccfa3e9a..1f5e0abd6 100644
--- a/proxy/server.go
+++ b/proxy/server.go
@@ -37,8 +37,11 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
 	grpcstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/encoding/protojson"
+	goproto "google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/embed"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/accesslog"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/acme"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/auth"
@@ -72,6 +75,7 @@ type portRouter struct {
 }
 
 type Server struct {
+	ctx           context.Context
 	mgmtClient    proto.ProxyServiceClient
 	proxy         *proxy.ReverseProxy
 	netbird       *roundtrip.NetBird
@@ -114,9 +118,28 @@ type Server struct {
 	// The mapping worker waits on this before processing updates.
 	routerReady chan struct{}
 
+	// inbound, when non-nil, manages per-account inbound listeners. Set by
+	// initPrivateInbound only when Private is true so the standalone
+	// proxy keeps its zero-overhead default path.
+	inbound *inboundManager
+
+	// Lifecycle state — populated by Start, consumed by Stop. The fields
+	// stay zero on a fresh Server until Start runs so direct struct
+	// construction (`&Server{...}`) used by tests still works.
+	runCancel context.CancelFunc
+	mgmtConn  *grpc.ClientConn
+	runErr    error
+	runErrCh  chan struct{}
+	startMu   sync.Mutex
+	started   bool
+	stopOnce  sync.Once
+
 	// Mostly used for debugging on management.
 	startTime time.Time
 
+	// ListenAddr is the address the main TCP listener binds. Populated by
+	// New from Config or by ListenAndServe from its addr argument.
+	ListenAddr               string
 	ID                       string
 	Logger                   *log.Logger
 	Version                  string
@@ -164,6 +187,9 @@ type Server struct {
 	// single-account deployments; multiple accounts will fail to bind
 	// the same port.
 	WireguardPort uint16
+	// Performance configures the tunnel pool/batch sizes for every
+	// embedded client this proxy spawns.
+	Performance embed.Performance
 	// ProxyProtocol enables PROXY protocol (v1/v2) on TCP listeners.
 	// When enabled, the real client IP is extracted from the PROXY header
 	// sent by upstream L4 proxies that support PROXY protocol.
@@ -177,6 +203,14 @@ type Server struct {
 	// in front of this proxy's cluster domain. When true, accounts cannot
 	// create services on the bare cluster domain.
 	RequireSubdomain bool
+	// Private flags this proxy as embedded in a netbird client and serving
+	// exclusively over the WireGuard tunnel (i.e. `netbird proxy`). Reported
+	// upstream as a capability so dashboards can distinguish per-peer
+	// clusters from centralised ones, and turns on per-account inbound
+	// listeners on each embedded client's netstack: every account that
+	// registers a service exposes :80 + :443 inside its own WG tunnel,
+	// scoped to that account's services only.
+	Private bool
 	// MaxDialTimeout caps the per-service backend dial timeout.
 	// When the API sends a timeout, it is clamped to this value.
 	// When the API sends no timeout, this value is used as the default.
@@ -222,12 +256,16 @@ func (s *Server) NotifyStatus(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, se
 		status = proto.ProxyStatus_PROXY_STATUS_ACTIVE
 	}
 
-	_, err := s.mgmtClient.SendStatusUpdate(ctx, &proto.SendStatusUpdateRequest{
+	req := &proto.SendStatusUpdateRequest{
 		ServiceId:         string(serviceID),
 		AccountId:         string(accountID),
 		Status:            status,
 		CertificateIssued: false,
-	})
+	}
+	if connected {
+		req.InboundListener = s.inboundListenerProto(accountID)
+	}
+	_, err := s.mgmtClient.SendStatusUpdate(ctx, req)
 	return err
 }
 
@@ -238,54 +276,68 @@ func (s *Server) NotifyCertificateIssued(ctx context.Context, accountID types.Ac
 		AccountId:         string(accountID),
 		Status:            proto.ProxyStatus_PROXY_STATUS_ACTIVE,
 		CertificateIssued: true,
+		InboundListener:   s.inboundListenerProto(accountID),
 	})
 	return err
 }
 
-func (s *Server) ListenAndServe(ctx context.Context, addr string) (err error) {
-	s.initDefaults()
-	s.routerReady = make(chan struct{})
-	s.udpRelays = make(map[types.ServiceID]*udprelay.Relay)
-	s.portRouters = make(map[uint16]*portRouter)
-	s.svcPorts = make(map[types.ServiceID][]uint16)
-	s.lastMappings = make(map[types.ServiceID]*proto.ProxyMapping)
-
-	exporter, err := prometheus.New()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create prometheus exporter: %w", err)
+// inboundListenerProto resolves the per-account inbound listener state for
+// the SendStatusUpdate payload. Returns nil when --private is off
+// or the account has no live listener so management treats the field as
+// absent.
+func (s *Server) inboundListenerProto(accountID types.AccountID) *proto.ProxyInboundListener {
+	if s.inbound == nil {
+		return nil
 	}
-
-	provider := metric.NewMeterProvider(metric.WithReader(exporter))
-	pkg := reflect.TypeOf(Server{}).PkgPath()
-	meter := provider.Meter(pkg)
-
-	s.meter, err = proxymetrics.New(ctx, meter)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create metrics: %w", err)
+	info, ok := s.inbound.ListenerInfo(accountID)
+	if !ok || info.TunnelIP == "" {
+		return nil
 	}
+	return &proto.ProxyInboundListener{
+		TunnelIp:  info.TunnelIP,
+		HttpsPort: uint32(info.HTTPSPort),
+		HttpPort:  uint32(info.HTTPPort),
+	}
+}
 
-	mgmtConn, err := s.dialManagement()
-	if err != nil {
+// ListenAndServe is the standalone entrypoint. It binds the listener, runs
+// the proxy until ctx is cancelled or a background goroutine fails, then
+// drains and stops. Library callers should prefer New + Start + Stop and
+// own their own shutdown signalling.
+func (s *Server) ListenAndServe(ctx context.Context, addr string) error {
+	s.ListenAddr = addr
+	if err := s.Start(ctx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	defer func() {
-		if err := mgmtConn.Close(); err != nil {
-			s.Logger.Debugf("management connection close: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-	s.mgmtClient = proto.NewProxyServiceClient(mgmtConn)
+	return s.waitAndStop(ctx)
+}
+
+// Start brings the proxy up: dials management, configures TLS, binds the
+// main listener, and spawns the SNI router and HTTPS server goroutines. It
+// returns once the listener is bound; background errors are surfaced
+// through Stop's return value. Start is not safe to call twice.
+func (s *Server) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
+	s.startMu.Lock()
+	if s.started {
+		s.startMu.Unlock()
+		return errors.New("proxy already started")
+	}
+	s.started = true
+	s.startMu.Unlock()
+
+	s.initLifecycleState()
+	if err := s.initMetrics(ctx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := s.initManagementClient(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	runCtx, runCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	defer runCancel()
-
-	// Initialize the netbird client, this is required to build peer connections
-	// to proxy over.
-	s.netbird = roundtrip.NewNetBird(s.ID, s.ProxyURL, roundtrip.ClientConfig{
-		MgmtAddr:     s.ManagementAddress,
-		WGPort:       s.WireguardPort,
-		PreSharedKey: s.PreSharedKey,
-	}, s.Logger, s, s.mgmtClient)
-	s.netbird.OnAddPeer = s.meter.RecordAddPeerDuration
+	s.runCancel = runCancel
 
+	s.initNetBirdClient()
 	// Create health checker before the mapping worker so it can track
 	// management connectivity from the first stream connection.
 	s.healthChecker = health.NewChecker(s.Logger, s.netbird)
@@ -300,34 +352,25 @@ func (s *Server) ListenAndServe(ctx context.Context, addr string) (err error) {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// Configure the reverse proxy using NetBird's HTTP Client Transport for proxying.
-	s.proxy = proxy.NewReverseProxy(s.meter.RoundTripper(s.netbird), s.ForwardedProto, s.TrustedProxies, s.Logger)
+	s.initReverseProxy()
 
-	geoLookup, err := geolocation.NewLookup(s.Logger, s.GeoDataDir)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("initialize geolocation: %w", err)
-	}
-	s.geoRaw = geoLookup
-	if geoLookup != nil {
-		s.geo = geoLookup
+	if err := s.initGeoLookup(); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	var startupOK bool
+	startupOK := false
 	defer func() {
 		if startupOK {
 			return
 		}
 		if s.geoRaw != nil {
-			if err := s.geoRaw.Close(); err != nil {
-				s.Logger.Debugf("close geolocation on startup failure: %v", err)
+			if closeErr := s.geoRaw.Close(); closeErr != nil {
+				s.Logger.Debugf("close geolocation on startup failure: %v", closeErr)
 			}
 		}
 	}()
 
-	// Configure the authentication middleware with session validator for OIDC group checks.
 	s.auth = auth.NewMiddleware(s.Logger, s.mgmtClient, s.geo)
-
-	// Configure Access logs to management server.
 	s.accessLog = accesslog.NewLogger(s.mgmtClient, s.Logger, s.TrustedProxies)
 
 	s.startDebugEndpoint()
@@ -336,35 +379,21 @@ func (s *Server) ListenAndServe(ctx context.Context, addr string) (err error) {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// Build the handler chain from inside out.
-	handler := http.Handler(s.proxy)
-	handler = s.auth.Protect(handler)
-	handler = web.AssetHandler(handler)
-	handler = s.accessLog.Middleware(handler)
-	handler = s.meter.Middleware(handler)
-	handler = s.hijackTracker.Middleware(handler)
+	handler := s.buildHandlerChain()
+	s.initPrivateInbound(handler, tlsConfig)
 
-	// Start a raw TCP listener; the SNI router peeks at ClientHello
-	// and routes to either the HTTP handler or a TCP relay.
-	lc := net.ListenConfig{}
-	ln, err := lc.Listen(ctx, "tcp", addr)
+	ln, err := s.bindMainListener(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("listen on %s: %w", addr, err)
+		return err
 	}
-	if s.ProxyProtocol {
-		ln = s.wrapProxyProtocol(ln)
-	}
-	s.mainPort = uint16(ln.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr).Port) //nolint:gosec // port from OS is always valid
 
-	// Set up the SNI router for TCP/HTTP multiplexing on the main port.
 	s.mainRouter = nbtcp.NewRouter(s.Logger, s.resolveDialFunc, ln.Addr())
 	s.mainRouter.SetObserver(s.meter)
 	s.mainRouter.SetAccessLogger(s.accessLog)
 	close(s.routerReady)
 
-	// The HTTP server uses the chanListener fed by the SNI router.
 	s.https = &http.Server{
-		Addr:              addr,
+		Addr:              s.ListenAddr,
 		Handler:           handler,
 		TLSConfig:         tlsConfig,
 		ReadHeaderTimeout: httpReadHeaderTimeout,
@@ -374,35 +403,202 @@ func (s *Server) ListenAndServe(ctx context.Context, addr string) (err error) {
 
 	startupOK = true
 
-	httpsErr := make(chan error, 1)
 	go func() {
 		s.Logger.Debug("starting HTTPS server on SNI router HTTP channel")
-		httpsErr <- s.https.ServeTLS(s.mainRouter.HTTPListener(), "", "")
+		if serveErr := s.https.ServeTLS(s.mainRouter.HTTPListener(), "", ""); serveErr != nil && !errors.Is(serveErr, http.ErrServerClosed) {
+			s.recordRunErr(fmt.Errorf("https server: %w", serveErr))
+		}
 	}()
 
-	routerErr := make(chan error, 1)
 	go func() {
-		s.Logger.Debugf("starting SNI router on %s", addr)
-		routerErr <- s.mainRouter.Serve(runCtx, ln)
+		s.Logger.Debugf("starting SNI router on %s", s.ListenAddr)
+		if serveErr := s.mainRouter.Serve(runCtx, ln); serveErr != nil {
+			s.recordRunErr(fmt.Errorf("SNI router: %w", serveErr))
+		}
 	}()
 
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Stop drains in-flight connections, shuts down all background services,
+// and releases resources. Idempotent; calling it before Start is a no-op.
+// Returns the first fatal error reported by a background goroutine, if
+// any. The provided ctx bounds the total wait time; once it is cancelled
+// Stop returns even if drain is still in flight.
+func (s *Server) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
+	s.stopOnce.Do(func() {
+		s.startMu.Lock()
+		started := s.started
+		s.startMu.Unlock()
+		if !started {
+			return
+		}
+
+		done := make(chan struct{})
+		go func() {
+			defer close(done)
+			s.gracefulShutdown()
+			if s.runCancel != nil {
+				s.runCancel()
+			}
+			if s.mgmtConn != nil {
+				if err := s.mgmtConn.Close(); err != nil {
+					s.Logger.Debugf("management connection close: %v", err)
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			s.Logger.Warnf("proxy stop deadline exceeded: %v", ctx.Err())
+		}
+	})
+
+	s.startMu.Lock()
+	defer s.startMu.Unlock()
+	return s.runErr
+}
+
+// waitAndStop blocks until ctx is cancelled or a background goroutine
+// reports a fatal error, then drains and stops. Used by ListenAndServe.
+func (s *Server) waitAndStop(ctx context.Context) error {
 	select {
-	case err := <-httpsErr:
-		s.shutdownServices()
-		if !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("https server: %w", err)
-		}
-		return nil
-	case err := <-routerErr:
-		s.shutdownServices()
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("SNI router: %w", err)
-		}
-		return nil
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		s.gracefulShutdown()
-		return nil
+	case <-s.runErrCh:
 	}
+	stopCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), shutdownDrainTimeout+shutdownServiceTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+	return s.Stop(stopCtx)
+}
+
+// recordRunErr stores the first fatal background error and signals
+// waitAndStop. Subsequent errors are logged at debug level so the first
+// cause is preserved.
+func (s *Server) recordRunErr(err error) {
+	s.startMu.Lock()
+	defer s.startMu.Unlock()
+	if s.runErr != nil {
+		s.Logger.Debugf("background error after first failure: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	s.runErr = err
+	if s.runErrCh != nil {
+		close(s.runErrCh)
+	}
+}
+
+// initLifecycleState seeds the maps and channels Start needs to wire up
+// background goroutines. Called once at the top of Start.
+func (s *Server) initLifecycleState() {
+	s.initDefaults()
+	s.routerReady = make(chan struct{})
+	s.runErrCh = make(chan struct{})
+	s.udpRelays = make(map[types.ServiceID]*udprelay.Relay)
+	s.portRouters = make(map[uint16]*portRouter)
+	s.svcPorts = make(map[types.ServiceID][]uint16)
+	s.lastMappings = make(map[types.ServiceID]*proto.ProxyMapping)
+}
+
+// initMetrics builds the prometheus exporter and meter bundle.
+func (s *Server) initMetrics(ctx context.Context) error {
+	exporter, err := prometheus.New()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create prometheus exporter: %w", err)
+	}
+	provider := metric.NewMeterProvider(metric.WithReader(exporter))
+	pkg := reflect.TypeOf(Server{}).PkgPath()
+	meter := provider.Meter(pkg)
+	s.meter, err = proxymetrics.New(ctx, meter)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create metrics: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// initManagementClient dials management and stashes the connection so
+// Stop can close it deterministically.
+func (s *Server) initManagementClient() error {
+	conn, err := s.dialManagement()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	s.mgmtConn = conn
+	s.mgmtClient = proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// initNetBirdClient builds the multi-tenant embedded NetBird client used
+// for outbound RoundTripping and (when --private is on) per-account
+// inbound listeners.
+func (s *Server) initNetBirdClient() {
+	s.netbird = roundtrip.NewNetBird(s.ctx, s.ID, s.ProxyURL, roundtrip.ClientConfig{
+		MgmtAddr:     s.ManagementAddress,
+		WGPort:       s.WireguardPort,
+		PreSharedKey: s.PreSharedKey,
+		Performance:  s.Performance,
+		// On --private the embedded client serves per-account inbound
+		// listeners and must apply management's ACL: keep BlockInbound off
+		// so the engine creates the ACL manager. On the standalone proxy
+		// the embedded client never accepts inbound, so block.
+		BlockInbound: !s.Private,
+	}, s.Logger, s, s.mgmtClient)
+	s.netbird.OnAddPeer = s.meter.RecordAddPeerDuration
+}
+
+// initReverseProxy builds the meter-instrumented reverse proxy. MultiTransport
+// routes targets opted into direct_upstream through the host's network stack
+// (stdlib transport); everything else falls through to the embedded NetBird
+// client. The split is needed so direct_upstream targets resolve DNS via the
+// proxy host's resolver instead of the tunnel's DNS.
+func (s *Server) initReverseProxy() {
+	upstreamRT := roundtrip.NewMultiTransport(s.netbird, s.Logger)
+	s.proxy = proxy.NewReverseProxy(s.meter.RoundTripper(upstreamRT), s.ForwardedProto, s.TrustedProxies, s.Logger)
+}
+
+// initGeoLookup configures the GeoLite2 lookup used for country-based
+// access restrictions and access-log enrichment.
+func (s *Server) initGeoLookup() error {
+	geoLookup, err := geolocation.NewLookup(s.Logger, s.GeoDataDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("initialize geolocation: %w", err)
+	}
+	s.geoRaw = geoLookup
+	if geoLookup != nil {
+		s.geo = geoLookup
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// buildHandlerChain wires the request middlewares from inside out.
+func (s *Server) buildHandlerChain() http.Handler {
+	handler := http.Handler(s.proxy)
+	handler = s.auth.Protect(handler)
+	handler = web.AssetHandler(handler)
+	handler = s.accessLog.Middleware(handler)
+	handler = s.meter.Middleware(handler)
+	return s.hijackTracker.Middleware(handler)
+}
+
+// bindMainListener binds the main TCP listener and wraps it with PROXY
+// protocol when configured.
+func (s *Server) bindMainListener(ctx context.Context) (net.Listener, error) {
+	lc := net.ListenConfig{}
+	ln, err := lc.Listen(ctx, "tcp", s.ListenAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listen on %s: %w", s.ListenAddr, err)
+	}
+	if s.ProxyProtocol {
+		ln = s.wrapProxyProtocol(ln)
+	}
+	s.mainPort = uint16(ln.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr).Port) //nolint:gosec // port from OS is always valid
+	s.Logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"requested_addr": s.ListenAddr,
+		"bound_addr":     ln.Addr().String(),
+		"private":        s.Private,
+		"proxy_protocol": s.ProxyProtocol,
+	}).Info("proxy main listener bound")
+	return ln, nil
 }
 
 // initDefaults sets fallback values for optional Server fields.
@@ -434,6 +630,9 @@ func (s *Server) startDebugEndpoint() {
 	if s.acme != nil {
 		debugHandler.SetCertStatus(s.acme)
 	}
+	if s.inbound != nil {
+		debugHandler.SetInboundProvider(inboundDebugAdapter{mgr: s.inbound})
+	}
 	s.debug = &http.Server{
 		Addr:     debugAddr,
 		Handler:  debugHandler,
@@ -447,16 +646,18 @@ func (s *Server) startDebugEndpoint() {
 	}()
 }
 
-// startHealthServer launches the health probe and metrics server.
+// startHealthServer launches the health probe and metrics server. Empty
+// HealthAddress disables the probe entirely (intended for library callers
+// that want to manage their own health surface).
 func (s *Server) startHealthServer() error {
-	healthAddr := s.HealthAddress
-	if healthAddr == "" {
-		healthAddr = defaultHealthAddr
+	if s.HealthAddress == "" {
+		s.Logger.Debug("health probe disabled (empty HealthAddress)")
+		return nil
 	}
-	s.healthServer = health.NewServer(healthAddr, s.healthChecker, s.Logger, promhttp.HandlerFor(prometheus2.DefaultGatherer, promhttp.HandlerOpts{EnableOpenMetrics: true}))
-	healthListener, err := net.Listen("tcp", healthAddr)
+	s.healthServer = health.NewServer(s.HealthAddress, s.healthChecker, s.Logger, promhttp.HandlerFor(prometheus2.DefaultGatherer, promhttp.HandlerOpts{EnableOpenMetrics: true}))
+	healthListener, err := net.Listen("tcp", s.HealthAddress)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("health probe server listen on %s: %w", healthAddr, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("health probe server listen on %s: %w", s.HealthAddress, err)
 	}
 	go func() {
 		if err := s.healthServer.Serve(healthListener); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
@@ -507,8 +708,9 @@ func (s *Server) proxyProtocolPolicy(opts proxyproto.ConnPolicyOptions) (proxypr
 }
 
 const (
-	defaultHealthAddr = "localhost:8080"
-	defaultDebugAddr  = "localhost:8444"
+	// defaultDebugAddr is the localhost-bound fallback for the debug endpoint
+	// when DebugEndpointAddress is empty.
+	defaultDebugAddr = "localhost:8444"
 
 	// proxyProtoHeaderTimeout is the deadline for reading the PROXY protocol
 	// header after accepting a connection.
@@ -661,8 +863,10 @@ func (s *Server) gracefulShutdown() {
 	defer drainCancel()
 
 	s.Logger.Info("draining in-flight connections")
-	if err := s.https.Shutdown(drainCtx); err != nil {
-		s.Logger.Warnf("https server drain: %v", err)
+	if s.https != nil {
+		if err := s.https.Shutdown(drainCtx); err != nil {
+			s.Logger.Warnf("https server drain: %v", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Step 4: Close hijacked connections (WebSocket) that Shutdown does not handle.
@@ -809,6 +1013,18 @@ func (s *Server) resolveDialFunc(accountID types.AccountID) (types.DialContextFu
 	return client.DialContext, nil
 }
 
+// initPrivateInbound wires per-account inbound listeners when --private
+// is set. When the flag is off this is a no-op and the standalone proxy keeps
+// its byte-for-byte previous behaviour.
+func (s *Server) initPrivateInbound(handler http.Handler, tlsConfig *tls.Config) {
+	if !s.Private {
+		return
+	}
+	s.inbound = newInboundManager(s.Logger, handler, tlsConfig)
+	s.netbird.SetClientLifecycle(s.inbound.onClientReady, s.inbound.onClientStop)
+	s.Logger.Info("private inbound listeners enabled (per-account :80 + :443)")
+}
+
 // notifyError reports a resource error back to management so it can be
 // surfaced to the user (e.g. port bind failure, dialer resolution error).
 func (s *Server) notifyError(ctx context.Context, mapping *proto.ProxyMapping, err error) {
@@ -942,7 +1158,8 @@ func (s *Server) newManagementMappingWorker(ctx context.Context, client proto.Pr
 	}
 
 	// syncSupported tracks whether management supports SyncMappings.
-	// Starts true; set to false on first Unimplemented error.
+	// Starts true; set to false on the first Unimplemented error so
+	// subsequent retries skip straight to GetMappingUpdate.
 	syncSupported := true
 	initialSyncDone := false
 
@@ -992,10 +1209,15 @@ func (s *Server) newManagementMappingWorker(ctx context.Context, client proto.Pr
 
 func (s *Server) proxyCapabilities() *proto.ProxyCapabilities {
 	supportsCrowdSec := s.crowdsecRegistry.Available()
+	privateCapability := s.Private
+	// Always true: this build enforces ProxyMapping.private via the auth middleware.
+	supportsPrivateService := true
 	return &proto.ProxyCapabilities{
-		SupportsCustomPorts: &s.SupportsCustomPorts,
-		RequireSubdomain:    &s.RequireSubdomain,
-		SupportsCrowdsec:    &supportsCrowdSec,
+		SupportsCustomPorts:    &s.SupportsCustomPorts,
+		RequireSubdomain:       &s.RequireSubdomain,
+		SupportsCrowdsec:       &supportsCrowdSec,
+		Private:                &privateCapability,
+		SupportsPrivateService: &supportsPrivateService,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1027,7 +1249,6 @@ func (s *Server) trySyncMappings(ctx context.Context, client proto.ProxyServiceC
 		return fmt.Errorf("create sync stream: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Send init message.
 	if err := stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
 		Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Init{
 			Init: &proto.SyncMappingsInit{
@@ -1058,6 +1279,10 @@ func isSyncUnimplemented(err error) bool {
 	return ok && st.Code() == codes.Unimplemented
 }
 
+// handleSyncMappingsStream consumes batches from a bidirectional SyncMappings
+// stream, sending an ack after each batch is fully processed. Management waits
+// for the ack before sending the next batch, providing application-level
+// back-pressure.
 func (s *Server) handleSyncMappingsStream(ctx context.Context, stream proto.ProxyService_SyncMappingsClient, initialSyncDone *bool, connectTime time.Time) error {
 	select {
 	case <-s.routerReady:
@@ -1095,39 +1320,10 @@ func (s *Server) handleSyncMappingsStream(ctx context.Context, stream proto.Prox
 	}
 }
 
-func (s *Server) handleMappingStream(ctx context.Context, mappingClient proto.ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateClient, initialSyncDone *bool, connectTime time.Time) error {
-	select {
-	case <-s.routerReady:
-	case <-ctx.Done():
-		return ctx.Err()
-	}
-
-	tracker := s.newSnapshotTracker(initialSyncDone, connectTime)
-
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return ctx.Err()
-		default:
-			msg, err := mappingClient.Recv()
-			switch {
-			case errors.Is(err, io.EOF):
-				return nil
-			case err != nil:
-				return fmt.Errorf("receive msg: %w", err)
-			}
-
-			batchStart := time.Now()
-			s.Logger.Debug("Received mapping update, starting processing")
-			s.processMappings(ctx, msg.GetMapping())
-			s.Logger.Debug("Processing mapping update completed")
-			tracker.recordBatch(ctx, s, msg.GetMapping(), msg.GetInitialSyncComplete(), batchStart)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 // snapshotTracker accumulates service IDs during the initial snapshot and
-// finalises sync state when the complete flag arrives.
+// finalises sync state when the complete flag arrives. Used by both
+// handleMappingStream and handleSyncMappingsStream so metric emission and
+// reconciliation behave identically on either RPC.
 type snapshotTracker struct {
 	done        *bool
 	connectTime time.Time
@@ -1171,6 +1367,37 @@ func (t *snapshotTracker) recordBatch(ctx context.Context, s *Server, mappings [
 	s.Logger.Info("Initial mapping sync complete")
 }
 
+func (s *Server) handleMappingStream(ctx context.Context, mappingClient proto.ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateClient, initialSyncDone *bool, connectTime time.Time) error {
+	select {
+	case <-s.routerReady:
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	}
+
+	tracker := s.newSnapshotTracker(initialSyncDone, connectTime)
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ctx.Err()
+		default:
+			msg, err := mappingClient.Recv()
+			switch {
+			case errors.Is(err, io.EOF):
+				return nil
+			case err != nil:
+				return fmt.Errorf("receive msg: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			batchStart := time.Now()
+			s.Logger.Debug("Received mapping update, starting processing")
+			s.processMappings(ctx, msg.GetMapping())
+			s.Logger.Debug("Processing mapping update completed")
+			tracker.recordBatch(ctx, s, msg.GetMapping(), msg.GetInitialSyncComplete(), batchStart)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // reconcileSnapshot removes local mappings that are absent from the snapshot.
 // This ensures services deleted while the proxy was disconnected get cleaned up.
 func (s *Server) reconcileSnapshot(ctx context.Context, snapshotIDs map[types.ServiceID]struct{}) {
@@ -1192,17 +1419,58 @@ func (s *Server) reconcileSnapshot(ctx context.Context, snapshotIDs map[types.Se
 	}
 }
 
-func (s *Server) processMappings(ctx context.Context, mappings []*proto.ProxyMapping) {
-	s.ensurePeers(ctx, mappings)
+// mappingJSONMarshal dumps mappings on one line with zero-value fields visible for debug logs.
+var mappingJSONMarshal = protojson.MarshalOptions{
+	Multiline:       false,
+	EmitUnpopulated: true,
+	UseProtoNames:   true,
+}
 
+// redactMappingForLog returns a deep copy of the mapping with sensitive fields
+// (auth_token, header-auth hashed values, custom upstream headers) replaced so
+// debug logs never carry credentials.
+func redactMappingForLog(m *proto.ProxyMapping) *proto.ProxyMapping {
+	const placeholder = "[REDACTED]"
+	c := goproto.Clone(m).(*proto.ProxyMapping)
+	if c.GetAuthToken() != "" {
+		c.AuthToken = placeholder
+	}
+	if c.Auth != nil {
+		for _, h := range c.Auth.GetHeaderAuths() {
+			if h.GetHashedValue() != "" {
+				h.HashedValue = placeholder
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	for _, p := range c.GetPath() {
+		opts := p.GetOptions()
+		if opts == nil || len(opts.CustomHeaders) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		redacted := make(map[string]string, len(opts.CustomHeaders))
+		for k := range opts.CustomHeaders {
+			redacted[k] = placeholder
+		}
+		opts.CustomHeaders = redacted
+	}
+	return c
+}
+
+func (s *Server) processMappings(ctx context.Context, mappings []*proto.ProxyMapping) {
+	debug := s.Logger != nil && s.Logger.IsLevelEnabled(log.DebugLevel)
 	for _, mapping := range mappings {
-		s.Logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
-			"type":   mapping.GetType(),
-			"domain": mapping.GetDomain(),
-			"mode":   mapping.GetMode(),
-			"port":   mapping.GetListenPort(),
-			"id":     mapping.GetId(),
-		}).Debug("Processing mapping update")
+		if debug {
+			raw, err := mappingJSONMarshal.Marshal(redactMappingForLog(mapping))
+			if err != nil {
+				raw = []byte(fmt.Sprintf("<marshal error: %v>", err))
+			}
+			s.Logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+				"type":    mapping.GetType(),
+				"domain":  mapping.GetDomain(),
+				"id":      mapping.GetId(),
+				"mapping": string(raw),
+			}).Debug("Processing mapping update")
+		}
 		switch mapping.GetType() {
 		case proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED:
 			if err := s.addMapping(ctx, mapping); err != nil {
@@ -1228,60 +1496,6 @@ func (s *Server) processMappings(ctx context.Context, mappings []*proto.ProxyMap
 	}
 }
 
-// ensurePeers pre-creates NetBird peers for all unique accounts referenced by
-// CREATED mappings. Peers for different accounts are created concurrently,
-// which avoids serializing N×100ms gRPC round-trips during large initial syncs.
-func (s *Server) ensurePeers(ctx context.Context, mappings []*proto.ProxyMapping) {
-	// Collect one representative mapping per account that needs a new peer.
-	type peerReq struct {
-		accountID types.AccountID
-		svcKey    roundtrip.ServiceKey
-		authToken string
-		svcID     types.ServiceID
-	}
-	seen := make(map[types.AccountID]struct{})
-	var reqs []peerReq
-	for _, m := range mappings {
-		if m.GetType() != proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED {
-			continue
-		}
-		accountID := types.AccountID(m.GetAccountId())
-		if _, ok := seen[accountID]; ok {
-			continue
-		}
-		seen[accountID] = struct{}{}
-		if s.netbird.HasClient(accountID) {
-			continue
-		}
-		reqs = append(reqs, peerReq{
-			accountID: accountID,
-			svcKey:    s.serviceKeyForMapping(m),
-			authToken: m.GetAuthToken(),
-			svcID:     types.ServiceID(m.GetId()),
-		})
-	}
-
-	if len(reqs) <= 1 {
-		return
-	}
-
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	wg.Add(len(reqs))
-	for _, r := range reqs {
-		go func() {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			if err := s.netbird.AddPeer(ctx, r.accountID, r.svcKey, r.authToken, r.svcID); err != nil {
-				s.Logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
-					"account_id": r.accountID,
-					"service_id": r.svcID,
-					"error":      err,
-				}).Warn("failed to pre-create peer for account")
-			}
-		}()
-	}
-	wg.Wait()
-}
-
 // addMapping registers a service mapping and starts the appropriate relay or routes.
 func (s *Server) addMapping(ctx context.Context, mapping *proto.ProxyMapping) error {
 	accountID := types.AccountID(mapping.GetAccountId())
@@ -1353,12 +1567,16 @@ func (s *Server) setupHTTPMapping(ctx context.Context, mapping *proto.ProxyMappi
 	if s.acme != nil {
 		wildcardHit = s.acme.AddDomain(d, accountID, svcID)
 	}
-	s.mainRouter.AddRoute(nbtcp.SNIHost(mapping.GetDomain()), nbtcp.Route{
+	httpRoute := nbtcp.Route{
 		Type:      nbtcp.RouteHTTP,
 		AccountID: accountID,
 		ServiceID: svcID,
 		Domain:    mapping.GetDomain(),
-	})
+	}
+	s.mainRouter.AddRoute(nbtcp.SNIHost(mapping.GetDomain()), httpRoute)
+	if s.inbound != nil {
+		s.inbound.AddRoute(accountID, nbtcp.SNIHost(mapping.GetDomain()), httpRoute)
+	}
 	if err := s.updateMapping(ctx, mapping); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("update mapping for domain %q: %w", d, err)
 	}
@@ -1718,7 +1936,7 @@ func (s *Server) updateMapping(ctx context.Context, mapping *proto.ProxyMapping)
 	s.warnIfGeoUnavailable(mapping.GetDomain(), mapping.GetAccessRestrictions())
 
 	maxSessionAge := time.Duration(mapping.GetAuth().GetMaxSessionAgeSeconds()) * time.Second
-	if err := s.auth.AddDomain(mapping.GetDomain(), schemes, mapping.GetAuth().GetSessionKey(), maxSessionAge, accountID, svcID, ipRestrictions); err != nil {
+	if err := s.auth.AddDomain(mapping.GetDomain(), schemes, mapping.GetAuth().GetSessionKey(), maxSessionAge, accountID, svcID, ipRestrictions, mapping.GetPrivate()); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("auth setup for domain %s: %w", mapping.GetDomain(), err)
 	}
 	m := s.protoToMapping(ctx, mapping)
@@ -1774,6 +1992,9 @@ func (s *Server) cleanupMappingRoutes(mapping *proto.ProxyMapping) {
 		}
 		// Remove SNI route from the main router (covers both HTTP and main-port TLS).
 		s.mainRouter.RemoveRoute(nbtcp.SNIHost(host), svcID)
+		if s.inbound != nil {
+			s.inbound.RemoveRoute(types.AccountID(mapping.GetAccountId()), nbtcp.SNIHost(host), svcID)
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Extract and delete tracked custom-port entries atomically.
@@ -1861,6 +2082,7 @@ func (s *Server) protoToMapping(ctx context.Context, mapping *proto.ProxyMapping
 			if d := opts.GetRequestTimeout(); d != nil {
 				pt.RequestTimeout = d.AsDuration()
 			}
+			pt.DirectUpstream = opts.GetDirectUpstream()
 		}
 		pt.RequestTimeout = s.clampDialTimeout(pt.RequestTimeout)
 		paths[pathMapping.GetPath()] = pt
diff --git a/proxy/server_test.go b/proxy/server_test.go
index b4fb4f8ba..aa4892201 100644
--- a/proxy/server_test.go
+++ b/proxy/server_test.go
@@ -1,9 +1,17 @@
 package proxy
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 )
 
 func TestDebugEndpointDisabledByDefault(t *testing.T) {
@@ -46,3 +54,151 @@ func TestDebugEndpointAddr(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+// quietLifecycleLogger keeps lifecycle tests from spamming the test output.
+func quietLifecycleLogger() *log.Logger {
+	l := log.New()
+	l.SetOutput(io.Discard)
+	l.SetLevel(log.PanicLevel)
+	return l
+}
+
+func TestStopBeforeStartIsNoOp(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := New(t.Context(), Config{Logger: quietLifecycleLogger()})
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	err := srv.Stop(ctx)
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "Stop on an unstarted server must succeed without error")
+
+	err = srv.Stop(ctx)
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "Stop must remain idempotent across repeated calls")
+}
+
+func TestStartFailsWithoutManagement(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := New(t.Context(), Config{
+		Logger:            quietLifecycleLogger(),
+		ListenAddr:        "127.0.0.1:0",
+		ManagementAddress: "://broken-url",
+	})
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	err := srv.Start(ctx)
+	require.Error(t, err, "Start must surface management dial failures")
+
+	assert.True(t, srv.started, "started flag is set before any dial attempt so a second Start fails fast")
+
+	err = srv.Start(ctx)
+	require.Error(t, err, "second Start must reject")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "already started", "error must explain why the call was rejected")
+}
+
+func TestStopIsIdempotent(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &Server{
+		Logger:    quietLifecycleLogger(),
+		started:   true,
+		runErrCh:  make(chan struct{}),
+		runCancel: func() {},
+	}
+	srv.recordRunErr(errors.New("synthetic"))
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	err := srv.Stop(ctx)
+	require.Error(t, err, "Stop must surface the recorded background error")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "synthetic", "error must round-trip recordRunErr's value")
+
+	err = srv.Stop(ctx)
+	require.Error(t, err, "second Stop must still report the same error")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "synthetic", "idempotent Stop must return the cached error")
+}
+
+func TestRecordRunErrPreservesFirstFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &Server{
+		Logger:   quietLifecycleLogger(),
+		runErrCh: make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+
+	srv.recordRunErr(errors.New("first"))
+	srv.recordRunErr(errors.New("second"))
+
+	require.Error(t, srv.runErr, "first failure must be retained")
+	assert.Contains(t, srv.runErr.Error(), "first", "second call must not overwrite the cached error")
+
+	select {
+	case <-srv.runErrCh:
+	default:
+		t.Fatal("recordRunErr must close runErrCh so waitAndStop unblocks")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStopSkipsShutdownWhenNeverStarted(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := New(t.Context(), Config{Logger: quietLifecycleLogger()})
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	err := srv.Stop(ctx)
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "Stop on an unstarted server should not block on the cancelled ctx")
+}
+
+func TestRedactMappingForLog_ScrubsSensitiveFields(t *testing.T) {
+	original := &proto.ProxyMapping{
+		Id:        "svc-1",
+		Domain:    "example.com",
+		AuthToken: "super-secret-token",
+		Auth: &proto.Authentication{
+			SessionKey: "pubkey-not-secret",
+			HeaderAuths: []*proto.HeaderAuth{
+				{Header: "Authorization", HashedValue: "argon2-hash-1"},
+				{Header: "X-Api-Key", HashedValue: "argon2-hash-2"},
+			},
+		},
+		Path: []*proto.PathMapping{
+			{
+				Path:   "/api",
+				Target: "10.0.0.1:8080",
+				Options: &proto.PathTargetOptions{
+					CustomHeaders: map[string]string{
+						"Authorization": "Bearer upstream-token",
+						"X-Tenant":      "acme",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	redacted := redactMappingForLog(original)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "super-secret-token", original.AuthToken, "original must not be mutated")
+	assert.Equal(t, "argon2-hash-1", original.Auth.HeaderAuths[0].HashedValue, "original header hash must not be mutated")
+	assert.Equal(t, "Bearer upstream-token", original.Path[0].Options.CustomHeaders["Authorization"], "original custom header must not be mutated")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "[REDACTED]", redacted.AuthToken, "auth_token must be redacted")
+	require.Len(t, redacted.Auth.HeaderAuths, 2, "header auths must be preserved in count")
+	assert.Equal(t, "Authorization", redacted.Auth.HeaderAuths[0].Header, "header name must be preserved")
+	assert.Equal(t, "[REDACTED]", redacted.Auth.HeaderAuths[0].HashedValue, "hashed_value must be redacted")
+	assert.Equal(t, "[REDACTED]", redacted.Auth.HeaderAuths[1].HashedValue, "hashed_value must be redacted for every header auth")
+	assert.Equal(t, "pubkey-not-secret", redacted.Auth.SessionKey, "session_key (public) must be preserved")
+
+	headers := redacted.Path[0].Options.CustomHeaders
+	require.Len(t, headers, 2, "custom header keys must be preserved")
+	assert.Equal(t, "[REDACTED]", headers["Authorization"], "custom header values must be redacted")
+	assert.Equal(t, "[REDACTED]", headers["X-Tenant"], "every custom header value must be redacted")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "svc-1", redacted.Id, "non-sensitive fields must round-trip")
+	assert.Equal(t, "example.com", redacted.Domain, "non-sensitive fields must round-trip")
+}
+
+func TestRedactMappingForLog_HandlesEmptyOrNilFields(t *testing.T) {
+	empty := &proto.ProxyMapping{Id: "svc-empty"}
+	redacted := redactMappingForLog(empty)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "", redacted.AuthToken, "empty auth_token must remain empty (no placeholder)")
+	assert.Nil(t, redacted.Auth, "nil Auth must remain nil")
+	assert.Empty(t, redacted.Path, "empty Path must remain empty")
+}
diff --git a/shared/context/keys.go b/shared/context/keys.go
index c5b5da044..ca56be67e 100644
--- a/shared/context/keys.go
+++ b/shared/context/keys.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package context
 const (
 	RequestIDKey = "requestID"
 	AccountIDKey = "accountID"
+	RoleKey      = "role"
 	UserIDKey    = "userID"
 	PeerIDKey    = "peerID"
 )
diff --git a/shared/management/client/client.go b/shared/management/client/client.go
index 18efba87b..8205e3a4f 100644
--- a/shared/management/client/client.go
+++ b/shared/management/client/client.go
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ type Client interface {
 	Job(ctx context.Context, msgHandler func(msg *proto.JobRequest) *proto.JobResponse) error
 	Register(setupKey string, jwtToken string, sysInfo *system.Info, sshKey []byte, dnsLabels domain.List) (*proto.LoginResponse, error)
 	Login(sysInfo *system.Info, sshKey []byte, dnsLabels domain.List) (*proto.LoginResponse, error)
+	// ExtendAuthSession refreshes the peer's SSO session deadline using a fresh JWT.
+	// Returns the new absolute deadline; zero time when the server reports the peer
+	// is not eligible for session extension.
+	ExtendAuthSession(sysInfo *system.Info, jwtToken string) (*proto.ExtendAuthSessionResponse, error)
 	GetDeviceAuthorizationFlow() (*proto.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, error)
 	GetPKCEAuthorizationFlow() (*proto.PKCEAuthorizationFlow, error)
 	GetNetworkMap(sysInfo *system.Info) (*proto.NetworkMap, error)
diff --git a/shared/management/client/client_test.go b/shared/management/client/client_test.go
index a8e8172dc..53f3a262d 100644
--- a/shared/management/client/client_test.go
+++ b/shared/management/client/client_test.go
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations"
 	ephemeral_manager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel"
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T) (*grpc.Server, net.Listener) {
 			gomock.Any(),
 			gomock.Any(),
 		).
-		Return(true, nil).
+		Return(true, context.Background(), nil).
 		AnyTimes()
 
 	peersManger := peers.NewManager(store, permissionsManagerMock)
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T) (*grpc.Server, net.Listener) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	ia, _ := integrations.NewIntegratedValidator(ctx, peersManger, settingsManagerMock, eventStore, cacheStore)
+	ia, _ := validator.NewIntegratedValidator(ctx, peersManger, settingsManagerMock, eventStore, cacheStore)
 
 	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(ctx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
diff --git a/shared/management/client/grpc.go b/shared/management/client/grpc.go
index 58895b7c2..016cde68a 100644
--- a/shared/management/client/grpc.go
+++ b/shared/management/client/grpc.go
@@ -607,6 +607,61 @@ func (c *GrpcClient) Login(sysInfo *system.Info, pubSSHKey []byte, dnsLabels dom
 	return c.login(&proto.LoginRequest{Meta: infoToMetaData(sysInfo), PeerKeys: keys, DnsLabels: dnsLabels.ToPunycodeList()})
 }
 
+// ExtendAuthSession refreshes the peer's SSO session deadline on the management
+// server using a freshly issued JWT. The tunnel is untouched: no network map
+// sync, no peer reconnect. Returns the new absolute UTC deadline (zero time
+// when the server reports the field empty).
+func (c *GrpcClient) ExtendAuthSession(sysInfo *system.Info, jwtToken string) (*proto.ExtendAuthSessionResponse, error) {
+	if !c.ready() {
+		return nil, errors.New(errMsgNoMgmtConnection)
+	}
+
+	serverKey, err := c.getServerPublicKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	reqBody, err := encryption.EncryptMessage(*serverKey, c.key, &proto.ExtendAuthSessionRequest{
+		JwtToken: jwtToken,
+		Meta:     infoToMetaData(sysInfo),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to encrypt extend auth session message: %s", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var resp *proto.EncryptedMessage
+	operation := func() error {
+		mgmCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), ConnectTimeout)
+		defer cancel()
+
+		var err error
+		resp, err = c.realClient.ExtendAuthSession(mgmCtx, &proto.EncryptedMessage{
+			WgPubKey: c.key.PublicKey().String(),
+			Body:     reqBody,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			if s, ok := gstatus.FromError(err); ok && s.Code() == codes.Canceled {
+				return err
+			}
+			return backoff.Permanent(err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := backoff.Retry(operation, nbgrpc.Backoff(c.ctx)); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to extend auth session on Management Service: %v", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	out := &proto.ExtendAuthSessionResponse{}
+	if err := encryption.DecryptMessage(*serverKey, c.key, resp.Body, out); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to decrypt extend auth session response: %s", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
 // GetDeviceAuthorizationFlow returns a device authorization flow information.
 // It also takes care of encrypting and decrypting messages.
 func (c *GrpcClient) GetDeviceAuthorizationFlow() (*proto.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, error) {
diff --git a/shared/management/client/mock.go b/shared/management/client/mock.go
index 361e8ffad..ba156a225 100644
--- a/shared/management/client/mock.go
+++ b/shared/management/client/mock.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ type MockClient struct {
 	SyncFunc                       func(ctx context.Context, sysInfo *system.Info, msgHandler func(msg *proto.SyncResponse) error) error
 	RegisterFunc                   func(setupKey string, jwtToken string, info *system.Info, sshKey []byte, dnsLabels domain.List) (*proto.LoginResponse, error)
 	LoginFunc                      func(info *system.Info, sshKey []byte, dnsLabels domain.List) (*proto.LoginResponse, error)
+	ExtendAuthSessionFunc          func(info *system.Info, jwtToken string) (*proto.ExtendAuthSessionResponse, error)
 	GetDeviceAuthorizationFlowFunc func() (*proto.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, error)
 	GetPKCEAuthorizationFlowFunc   func() (*proto.PKCEAuthorizationFlow, error)
 	GetServerURLFunc               func() string
@@ -65,6 +66,13 @@ func (m *MockClient) Login(info *system.Info, sshKey []byte, dnsLabels domain.Li
 	return m.LoginFunc(info, sshKey, dnsLabels)
 }
 
+func (m *MockClient) ExtendAuthSession(info *system.Info, jwtToken string) (*proto.ExtendAuthSessionResponse, error) {
+	if m.ExtendAuthSessionFunc == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return m.ExtendAuthSessionFunc(info, jwtToken)
+}
+
 func (m *MockClient) GetDeviceAuthorizationFlow() (*proto.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, error) {
 	if m.GetDeviceAuthorizationFlowFunc == nil {
 		return nil, nil
diff --git a/shared/management/client/rest/client.go b/shared/management/client/rest/client.go
index f0cb4d2d1..43312b9e6 100644
--- a/shared/management/client/rest/client.go
+++ b/shared/management/client/rest/client.go
@@ -143,6 +143,10 @@ type Client struct {
 
 	// ReverseProxyDomains NetBird reverse proxy domains APIs
 	ReverseProxyDomains *ReverseProxyDomainsAPI
+
+	// ReverseProxyTokens account-scoped proxy access tokens used to register
+	// self-hosted (bring-your-own-proxy) `netbird proxy` instances.
+	ReverseProxyTokens *ReverseProxyTokensAPI
 }
 
 // New initialize new Client instance using PAT token
@@ -204,6 +208,7 @@ func (c *Client) initialize() {
 	c.ReverseProxyServices = &ReverseProxyServicesAPI{c}
 	c.ReverseProxyClusters = &ReverseProxyClustersAPI{c}
 	c.ReverseProxyDomains = &ReverseProxyDomainsAPI{c}
+	c.ReverseProxyTokens = &ReverseProxyTokensAPI{c}
 }
 
 // NewRequest creates and executes new management API request
diff --git a/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_clusters.go b/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_clusters.go
index b55cd35a3..ca9714dc0 100644
--- a/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_clusters.go
+++ b/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_clusters.go
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package rest
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net/url"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
 )
@@ -11,7 +13,10 @@ type ReverseProxyClustersAPI struct {
 	c *Client
 }
 
-// List lists all available proxy clusters
+// List lists all available proxy clusters. Each cluster is enriched with the
+// capability flags reported by its connected proxies (supports_custom_ports,
+// supports_crowdsec, private, etc.), so callers can render UX gates without
+// a follow-up round-trip.
 func (a *ReverseProxyClustersAPI) List(ctx context.Context) ([]api.ProxyCluster, error) {
 	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "GET", "/api/reverse-proxies/clusters", nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -23,3 +28,24 @@ func (a *ReverseProxyClustersAPI) List(ctx context.Context) ([]api.ProxyCluster,
 	ret, err := parseResponse[[]api.ProxyCluster](resp)
 	return ret, err
 }
+
+// Delete removes every self-hosted (BYOP) proxy registration for the given
+// cluster address owned by the calling account. Shared clusters operated by
+// NetBird cannot be deleted via this endpoint; the server returns 404 / 400
+// for cluster addresses the account does not own.
+func (a *ReverseProxyClustersAPI) Delete(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress string) error {
+	// Guard against the empty input: url.PathEscape("") returns "" which
+	// would collapse the request URL onto the collection endpoint and
+	// silently delete nothing (or 405 depending on routing).
+	if clusterAddress == "" {
+		return errors.New("clusterAddress is required")
+	}
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "DELETE", "/api/reverse-proxies/clusters/"+url.PathEscape(clusterAddress), nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_clusters_test.go b/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_clusters_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16f955d5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_clusters_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package rest_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client/rest"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/util"
+)
+
+func boolPtr(b bool) *bool { return &b }
+
+var testCluster = api.ProxyCluster{
+	Id:                  "cluster-1",
+	Address:             "proxy.netbird.local",
+	Type:                "shared",
+	Online:              true,
+	ConnectedProxies:    2,
+	SupportsCustomPorts: boolPtr(true),
+	RequireSubdomain:    boolPtr(false),
+	SupportsCrowdsec:    boolPtr(false),
+	Private:             boolPtr(true),
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxyClusters_List_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/clusters", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "GET", r.Method, "List must use GET")
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal([]api.ProxyCluster{testCluster})
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.ReverseProxyClusters.List(context.Background())
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, ret, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, testCluster.Id, ret[0].Id)
+		assert.Equal(t, testCluster.Address, ret[0].Address)
+		require.NotNil(t, ret[0].Private, "private capability must round-trip through the client")
+		assert.True(t, *ret[0].Private, "private capability must reflect the server value")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxyClusters_List_Err(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/clusters", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(util.ErrorResponse{Message: "No", Code: 500})
+			w.WriteHeader(500)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.ReverseProxyClusters.List(context.Background())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Empty(t, ret)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxyClusters_Delete_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		// PathEscape on "proxy.netbird.local" leaves it intact; the route mux
+		// matches the unescaped form. Sanity-check both the method and that
+		// path-escaping doesn't double-encode the dotted address.
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/clusters/proxy.netbird.local", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "DELETE", r.Method, "Delete must use DELETE")
+			w.WriteHeader(200)
+		})
+		err := c.ReverseProxyClusters.Delete(context.Background(), "proxy.netbird.local")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxyClusters_Delete_Err(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/clusters/proxy.netbird.local", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(util.ErrorResponse{Message: "Not found", Code: 404})
+			w.WriteHeader(404)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		err := c.ReverseProxyClusters.Delete(context.Background(), "proxy.netbird.local")
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestReverseProxyClusters_Delete_EmptyAddress guards against an empty
+// clusterAddress reaching the wire — that would collapse the URL onto
+// the collection endpoint instead of a specific cluster. The client
+// must short-circuit with a typed error before any request is issued.
+func TestReverseProxyClusters_Delete_EmptyAddress(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/clusters/", func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {
+			t.Fatal("empty clusterAddress must be rejected client-side; no request should reach the server")
+		})
+		err := c.ReverseProxyClusters.Delete(context.Background(), "")
+		assert.Error(t, err, "empty clusterAddress must surface as an error")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_services_test.go b/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_services_test.go
index 164563e97..1a93472db 100644
--- a/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_services_test.go
+++ b/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_services_test.go
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ func TestReverseProxyServices_Create_200(t *testing.T) {
 			Name:    "test-service",
 			Domain:  "test.example.com",
 			Enabled: true,
-			Auth:    api.ServiceAuthConfig{},
-			Targets: []api.ServiceTarget{testServiceTarget},
+			Auth:    &api.ServiceAuthConfig{},
+			Targets: &[]api.ServiceTarget{testServiceTarget},
 		})
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, testService.Id, ret.Id)
@@ -136,8 +136,8 @@ func TestReverseProxyServices_Create_Err(t *testing.T) {
 			Name:    "test-service",
 			Domain:  "test.example.com",
 			Enabled: true,
-			Auth:    api.ServiceAuthConfig{},
-			Targets: []api.ServiceTarget{testServiceTarget},
+			Auth:    &api.ServiceAuthConfig{},
+			Targets: &[]api.ServiceTarget{testServiceTarget},
 		})
 		assert.Error(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, "No", err.Error())
@@ -154,8 +154,9 @@ func TestReverseProxyServices_Create_WithPerTargetOptions(t *testing.T) {
 			var req api.ServiceRequest
 			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(reqBytes, &req))
 
-			require.Len(t, req.Targets, 1)
-			target := req.Targets[0]
+			require.NotNil(t, req.Targets, "targets must be set on the request")
+			require.Len(t, *req.Targets, 1)
+			target := (*req.Targets)[0]
 			require.NotNil(t, target.Options, "options should be present")
 			opts := target.Options
 			require.NotNil(t, opts.SkipTlsVerify, "skip_tls_verify should be present")
@@ -177,8 +178,8 @@ func TestReverseProxyServices_Create_WithPerTargetOptions(t *testing.T) {
 			Name:    "test-service",
 			Domain:  "test.example.com",
 			Enabled: true,
-			Auth:    api.ServiceAuthConfig{},
-			Targets: []api.ServiceTarget{
+			Auth:    &api.ServiceAuthConfig{},
+			Targets: &[]api.ServiceTarget{
 				{
 					TargetId:   "peer-123",
 					TargetType: "peer",
@@ -216,8 +217,8 @@ func TestReverseProxyServices_Update_200(t *testing.T) {
 			Name:    "updated-service",
 			Domain:  "test.example.com",
 			Enabled: true,
-			Auth:    api.ServiceAuthConfig{},
-			Targets: []api.ServiceTarget{testServiceTarget},
+			Auth:    &api.ServiceAuthConfig{},
+			Targets: &[]api.ServiceTarget{testServiceTarget},
 		})
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, testService.Id, ret.Id)
@@ -236,8 +237,8 @@ func TestReverseProxyServices_Update_Err(t *testing.T) {
 			Name:    "updated-service",
 			Domain:  "test.example.com",
 			Enabled: true,
-			Auth:    api.ServiceAuthConfig{},
-			Targets: []api.ServiceTarget{testServiceTarget},
+			Auth:    &api.ServiceAuthConfig{},
+			Targets: &[]api.ServiceTarget{testServiceTarget},
 		})
 		assert.Error(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, "No", err.Error())
diff --git a/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_tokens.go b/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_tokens.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..caa240395
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_tokens.go
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package rest
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"net/url"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// ReverseProxyTokensAPI exposes the account-scoped proxy access tokens that
+// self-hosted (bring-your-own-proxy) deployments use to register a
+// `netbird proxy` instance with management. Tokens are bound to the
+// calling account; revoking a token disconnects every proxy that
+// authenticated with it.
+type ReverseProxyTokensAPI struct {
+	c *Client
+}
+
+// List returns every proxy token the calling account has minted, including
+// already-revoked entries. The plain token is never returned — only the
+// metadata (id, name, created_at, last_used, revoked).
+func (a *ReverseProxyTokensAPI) List(ctx context.Context) ([]api.ProxyToken, error) {
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "GET", "/api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens", nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[[]api.ProxyToken](resp)
+	return ret, err
+}
+
+// Create mints a fresh account-scoped proxy token. The returned
+// ProxyTokenCreated.PlainToken is shown only once — callers must persist
+// it immediately. Subsequent reads will only expose the token metadata,
+// not the secret material.
+func (a *ReverseProxyTokensAPI) Create(ctx context.Context, request api.ProxyTokenRequest) (*api.ProxyTokenCreated, error) {
+	requestBytes, err := json.Marshal(request)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "POST", "/api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens", bytes.NewReader(requestBytes), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[api.ProxyTokenCreated](resp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &ret, nil
+}
+
+// Delete revokes a previously-issued proxy token by ID. Revoked tokens
+// remain in List output (with revoked=true) so operators can audit which
+// credentials existed; the plain secret can no longer authenticate any
+// new proxy registration.
+func (a *ReverseProxyTokensAPI) Delete(ctx context.Context, tokenID string) error {
+	// Guard against the empty input: url.PathEscape("") returns "" which
+	// would collapse the request URL onto the collection endpoint and
+	// silently delete nothing (or 405 depending on routing).
+	if tokenID == "" {
+		return errors.New("tokenID is required")
+	}
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "DELETE", "/api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens/"+url.PathEscape(tokenID), nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_tokens_test.go b/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_tokens_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ecd80bd1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_tokens_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package rest_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client/rest"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/util"
+)
+
+func intPtr(v int) *int { return &v }
+
+var testProxyToken = api.ProxyToken{
+	Id:        "tok-1",
+	Name:      "ci-runner",
+	CreatedAt: time.Date(2026, 5, 21, 9, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+	Revoked:   false,
+}
+
+var testProxyTokenCreated = api.ProxyTokenCreated{
+	Id:         "tok-1",
+	Name:       "ci-runner",
+	CreatedAt:  time.Date(2026, 5, 21, 9, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+	PlainToken: "nbproxy_abcdef0123456789",
+	Revoked:    false,
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxyTokens_List_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "GET", r.Method, "List must use GET")
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal([]api.ProxyToken{testProxyToken})
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.ReverseProxyTokens.List(context.Background())
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, ret, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, testProxyToken.Id, ret[0].Id)
+		assert.Equal(t, testProxyToken.Name, ret[0].Name)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxyTokens_List_Err(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(util.ErrorResponse{Message: "No", Code: 500})
+			w.WriteHeader(500)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.ReverseProxyTokens.List(context.Background())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Empty(t, ret)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxyTokens_Create_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "POST", r.Method, "Create must use POST")
+			body, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			var req api.ProxyTokenRequest
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &req), "server must receive a valid ProxyTokenRequest body")
+			assert.Equal(t, "ci-runner", req.Name, "name must round-trip through the client")
+			require.NotNil(t, req.ExpiresIn, "expires_in must be sent when provided")
+			assert.Equal(t, 3600, *req.ExpiresIn, "expires_in value must round-trip unchanged")
+
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(testProxyTokenCreated)
+			_, err = w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.ReverseProxyTokens.Create(context.Background(), api.ProxyTokenRequest{
+			Name:      "ci-runner",
+			ExpiresIn: intPtr(3600),
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, testProxyTokenCreated.Id, ret.Id)
+		assert.Equal(t, testProxyTokenCreated.PlainToken, ret.PlainToken,
+			"PlainToken must be returned to the caller — it's the one-shot secret")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxyTokens_Create_Err(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(util.ErrorResponse{Message: "Bad", Code: 400})
+			w.WriteHeader(400)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.ReverseProxyTokens.Create(context.Background(), api.ProxyTokenRequest{Name: ""})
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Nil(t, ret)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxyTokens_Delete_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens/tok-1", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "DELETE", r.Method, "Delete must use DELETE")
+			w.WriteHeader(200)
+		})
+		err := c.ReverseProxyTokens.Delete(context.Background(), "tok-1")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxyTokens_Delete_Err(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens/tok-1", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(util.ErrorResponse{Message: "Not found", Code: 404})
+			w.WriteHeader(404)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		err := c.ReverseProxyTokens.Delete(context.Background(), "tok-1")
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestReverseProxyTokens_Delete_EmptyID guards against an empty tokenID
+// reaching the wire — url.PathEscape("") would collapse the URL onto
+// the collection endpoint.
+func TestReverseProxyTokens_Delete_EmptyID(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens/", func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {
+			t.Fatal("empty tokenID must be rejected client-side; no request should reach the server")
+		})
+		err := c.ReverseProxyTokens.Delete(context.Background(), "")
+		assert.Error(t, err, "empty tokenID must surface as an error")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/http/api/openapi.yml b/shared/management/http/api/openapi.yml
index 353aff72d..03e30e6b7 100644
--- a/shared/management/http/api/openapi.yml
+++ b/shared/management/http/api/openapi.yml
@@ -3067,6 +3067,17 @@ components:
           $ref: '#/components/schemas/AccessRestrictions'
         meta:
           $ref: '#/components/schemas/ServiceMeta'
+        private:
+          type: boolean
+          description: When true, the service is NetBird-only — its target points at a proxy cluster, inbound peers authenticate via their WireGuard tunnel identity (no OIDC), and an ACL policy is auto-generated from access_groups to the cluster's proxy-peer group. Requires mode=http.
+          default: false
+          example: false
+        access_groups:
+          type: array
+          items:
+            type: string
+          description: NetBird group IDs whose peers may reach this private service over the tunnel. Required when private=true; ignored otherwise. Mutually exclusive with bearer auth (SSO).
+          example: ["group-engineering"]
       required:
         - id
         - name
@@ -3075,6 +3086,24 @@ components:
         - enabled
         - auth
         - meta
+      allOf:
+        # When private=true, access_groups must be present and non-empty,
+        # and the service mode must be "http". The bearer-auth mutex is
+        # enforced at the service-validation layer
+        # (validatePrivateRequirements) because it sits in a nested
+        # ServiceAuthConfig and isn't cleanly expressible here.
+        - if:
+            required: [private]
+            properties:
+              private:
+                const: true
+          then:
+            required: [access_groups]
+            properties:
+              access_groups:
+                minItems: 1
+              mode:
+                const: http
     ServiceMeta:
       type: object
       properties:
@@ -3147,10 +3176,38 @@ components:
           $ref: '#/components/schemas/ServiceAuthConfig'
         access_restrictions:
           $ref: '#/components/schemas/AccessRestrictions'
+        private:
+          type: boolean
+          description: When true, the service is NetBird-only — its target points at a proxy cluster, inbound peers authenticate via their WireGuard tunnel identity (no OIDC), and an ACL policy is auto-generated from access_groups to the cluster's proxy-peer group. Requires mode=http.
+          default: false
+          example: false
+        access_groups:
+          type: array
+          items:
+            type: string
+          description: NetBird group IDs whose peers may reach this private service over the tunnel. Required when private=true; ignored otherwise. Mutually exclusive with bearer auth (SSO).
+          example: ["group-engineering"]
       required:
         - name
         - domain
         - enabled
+      allOf:
+        # Mirror of the Service conditional: when private=true the
+        # request must carry a non-empty access_groups list and the
+        # mode must be "http". The bearer-auth mutex is enforced at the
+        # service-validation layer (validatePrivateRequirements).
+        - if:
+            required: [private]
+            properties:
+              private:
+                const: true
+          then:
+            required: [access_groups]
+            properties:
+              access_groups:
+                minItems: 1
+              mode:
+                const: http
     ServiceTargetOptions:
       type: object
       properties:
@@ -3185,6 +3242,15 @@ components:
           type: string
           description: Idle timeout before a UDP session is reaped, as a Go duration string (e.g. "30s", "2m").
           example: "2m"
+        direct_upstream:
+          type: boolean
+          description: |
+            When true, the proxy dials this target via the host's network stack
+            instead of through its embedded NetBird client. Use for upstreams
+            reachable without WireGuard (public APIs, LAN services, localhost
+            sidecars).
+          default: false
+          example: false
     ServiceTarget:
       type: object
       properties:
@@ -3195,7 +3261,7 @@ components:
         target_type:
           type: string
           description: Target type
-          enum: [peer, host, domain, subnet]
+          enum: [peer, host, domain, subnet, cluster]
           example: "subnet"
         path:
           type: string
@@ -3439,6 +3505,10 @@ components:
           type: boolean
           description: Whether all active proxies in the cluster have CrowdSec configured
           example: false
+        private:
+          type: boolean
+          description: True when at least one connected proxy in this cluster is running embedded in a netbird client (`netbird proxy`) and serving over a WireGuard tunnel. Lets the dashboard distinguish per-peer / private clusters from centralised ones.
+          example: false
       required:
         - id
         - address
@@ -3494,6 +3564,10 @@ components:
           type: boolean
           description: Whether the proxy cluster has CrowdSec configured
           example: false
+        supports_private:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether the proxy cluster supports private (NetBird-only) services. True when at least one connected proxy in the cluster runs embedded in a netbird client.
+          example: false
       required:
         - id
         - domain
diff --git a/shared/management/http/api/types.gen.go b/shared/management/http/api/types.gen.go
index 16e765f8c..d7945e448 100644
--- a/shared/management/http/api/types.gen.go
+++ b/shared/management/http/api/types.gen.go
@@ -1063,15 +1063,18 @@ func (e ServiceTargetProtocol) Valid() bool {
 
 // Defines values for ServiceTargetTargetType.
 const (
-	ServiceTargetTargetTypeDomain ServiceTargetTargetType = "domain"
-	ServiceTargetTargetTypeHost   ServiceTargetTargetType = "host"
-	ServiceTargetTargetTypePeer   ServiceTargetTargetType = "peer"
-	ServiceTargetTargetTypeSubnet ServiceTargetTargetType = "subnet"
+	ServiceTargetTargetTypeCluster ServiceTargetTargetType = "cluster"
+	ServiceTargetTargetTypeDomain  ServiceTargetTargetType = "domain"
+	ServiceTargetTargetTypeHost    ServiceTargetTargetType = "host"
+	ServiceTargetTargetTypePeer    ServiceTargetTargetType = "peer"
+	ServiceTargetTargetTypeSubnet  ServiceTargetTargetType = "subnet"
 )
 
 // Valid indicates whether the value is a known member of the ServiceTargetTargetType enum.
 func (e ServiceTargetTargetType) Valid() bool {
 	switch e {
+	case ServiceTargetTargetTypeCluster:
+		return true
 	case ServiceTargetTargetTypeDomain:
 		return true
 	case ServiceTargetTargetTypeHost:
@@ -3819,6 +3822,9 @@ type ProxyCluster struct {
 	// Online Whether at least one proxy in the cluster has heartbeated within the active window
 	Online bool `json:"online"`
 
+	// Private True when at least one connected proxy in this cluster is running embedded in a netbird client (`netbird proxy`) and serving over a WireGuard tunnel. Lets the dashboard distinguish per-peer / private clusters from centralised ones.
+	Private *bool `json:"private,omitempty"`
+
 	// RequireSubdomain Whether services on this cluster must include a subdomain label
 	RequireSubdomain *bool `json:"require_subdomain,omitempty"`
 
@@ -3896,6 +3902,9 @@ type ReverseProxyDomain struct {
 	// SupportsCustomPorts Whether the cluster supports binding arbitrary TCP/UDP ports
 	SupportsCustomPorts *bool `json:"supports_custom_ports,omitempty"`
 
+	// SupportsPrivate Whether the proxy cluster supports private (NetBird-only) services. True when at least one connected proxy in the cluster runs embedded in a netbird client.
+	SupportsPrivate *bool `json:"supports_private,omitempty"`
+
 	// TargetCluster The proxy cluster this domain is validated against (only for custom domains)
 	TargetCluster *string `json:"target_cluster,omitempty"`
 
@@ -4085,6 +4094,9 @@ type SentinelOneMatchAttributesNetworkStatus string
 
 // Service defines model for Service.
 type Service struct {
+	// AccessGroups NetBird group IDs whose peers may reach this private service over the tunnel. Required when private=true; ignored otherwise. Mutually exclusive with bearer auth (SSO).
+	AccessGroups *[]string `json:"access_groups,omitempty"`
+
 	// AccessRestrictions Connection-level access restrictions based on IP address or geography. Applies to both HTTP and L4 services.
 	AccessRestrictions *AccessRestrictions `json:"access_restrictions,omitempty"`
 	Auth               ServiceAuthConfig   `json:"auth"`
@@ -4114,6 +4126,9 @@ type Service struct {
 	// PortAutoAssigned Whether the listen port was auto-assigned
 	PortAutoAssigned *bool `json:"port_auto_assigned,omitempty"`
 
+	// Private When true, the service is NetBird-only — its target points at a proxy cluster, inbound peers authenticate via their WireGuard tunnel identity (no OIDC), and an ACL policy is auto-generated from access_groups to the cluster's proxy-peer group. Requires mode=http.
+	Private *bool `json:"private,omitempty"`
+
 	// ProxyCluster The proxy cluster handling this service (derived from domain)
 	ProxyCluster *string `json:"proxy_cluster,omitempty"`
 
@@ -4156,6 +4171,9 @@ type ServiceMetaStatus string
 
 // ServiceRequest defines model for ServiceRequest.
 type ServiceRequest struct {
+	// AccessGroups NetBird group IDs whose peers may reach this private service over the tunnel. Required when private=true; ignored otherwise. Mutually exclusive with bearer auth (SSO).
+	AccessGroups *[]string `json:"access_groups,omitempty"`
+
 	// AccessRestrictions Connection-level access restrictions based on IP address or geography. Applies to both HTTP and L4 services.
 	AccessRestrictions *AccessRestrictions `json:"access_restrictions,omitempty"`
 	Auth               *ServiceAuthConfig  `json:"auth,omitempty"`
@@ -4178,6 +4196,9 @@ type ServiceRequest struct {
 	// PassHostHeader When true, the original client Host header is passed through to the backend instead of being rewritten to the backend's address
 	PassHostHeader *bool `json:"pass_host_header,omitempty"`
 
+	// Private When true, the service is NetBird-only — its target points at a proxy cluster, inbound peers authenticate via their WireGuard tunnel identity (no OIDC), and an ACL policy is auto-generated from access_groups to the cluster's proxy-peer group. Requires mode=http.
+	Private *bool `json:"private,omitempty"`
+
 	// RewriteRedirects When true, Location headers in backend responses are rewritten to replace the backend address with the public-facing domain
 	RewriteRedirects *bool `json:"rewrite_redirects,omitempty"`
 
@@ -4224,6 +4245,12 @@ type ServiceTargetOptions struct {
 	// CustomHeaders Extra headers sent to the backend. Hop-by-hop and proxy-managed headers (Host, Connection, Transfer-Encoding, etc.) are rejected.
 	CustomHeaders *map[string]string `json:"custom_headers,omitempty"`
 
+	// DirectUpstream When true, the proxy dials this target via the host's network stack
+	// instead of through its embedded NetBird client. Use for upstreams
+	// reachable without WireGuard (public APIs, LAN services, localhost
+	// sidecars).
+	DirectUpstream *bool `json:"direct_upstream,omitempty"`
+
 	// PathRewrite Controls how the request path is rewritten before forwarding to the backend. Default strips the matched prefix. "preserve" keeps the full original request path.
 	PathRewrite *ServiceTargetOptionsPathRewrite `json:"path_rewrite,omitempty"`
 
diff --git a/shared/management/proto/management.pb.go b/shared/management/proto/management.pb.go
index 13f4fbc8d..5dd529407 100644
--- a/shared/management/proto/management.pb.go
+++ b/shared/management/proto/management.pb.go
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ func (x HostConfig_Protocol) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
 
 // Deprecated: Use HostConfig_Protocol.Descriptor instead.
 func (HostConfig_Protocol) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{18, 0}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{20, 0}
 }
 
 type DeviceAuthorizationFlowProvider int32
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ func (x DeviceAuthorizationFlowProvider) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
 
 // Deprecated: Use DeviceAuthorizationFlowProvider.Descriptor instead.
 func (DeviceAuthorizationFlowProvider) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{31, 0}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{33, 0}
 }
 
 type EncryptedMessage struct {
@@ -843,6 +843,11 @@ type SyncResponse struct {
 	NetworkMap         *NetworkMap `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=NetworkMap,proto3" json:"NetworkMap,omitempty"`
 	// Posture checks to be evaluated by client
 	Checks []*Checks `protobuf:"bytes,6,rep,name=Checks,proto3" json:"Checks,omitempty"`
+	// Absolute UTC instant at which the peer's SSO session expires.
+	// Unset when the peer is not SSO-registered or login expiration is disabled.
+	// Carried on every Sync snapshot so admin-side changes propagate live without
+	// a client reconnect.
+	SessionExpiresAt *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,7,opt,name=sessionExpiresAt,proto3" json:"sessionExpiresAt,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *SyncResponse) Reset() {
@@ -919,6 +924,13 @@ func (x *SyncResponse) GetChecks() []*Checks {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *SyncResponse) GetSessionExpiresAt() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SessionExpiresAt
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type SyncMetaRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -1596,6 +1608,9 @@ type LoginResponse struct {
 	PeerConfig *PeerConfig `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=peerConfig,proto3" json:"peerConfig,omitempty"`
 	// Posture checks to be evaluated by client
 	Checks []*Checks `protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=Checks,proto3" json:"Checks,omitempty"`
+	// Absolute UTC instant at which the peer's SSO session expires.
+	// Unset when the peer is not SSO-registered or login expiration is disabled.
+	SessionExpiresAt *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=sessionExpiresAt,proto3" json:"sessionExpiresAt,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *LoginResponse) Reset() {
@@ -1651,6 +1666,122 @@ func (x *LoginResponse) GetChecks() []*Checks {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *LoginResponse) GetSessionExpiresAt() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SessionExpiresAt
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ExtendAuthSessionRequest carries a fresh JWT to refresh the peer's session deadline.
+// The encrypted body of an EncryptedMessage with this payload is sent to the
+// ExtendAuthSession RPC.
+type ExtendAuthSessionRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// SSO token (must be a fresh, valid JWT for the peer's owning user)
+	JwtToken string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=jwtToken,proto3" json:"jwtToken,omitempty"`
+	// Meta data of the peer (used for IdP user info refresh consistent with Login)
+	Meta *PeerSystemMeta `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=meta,proto3" json:"meta,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *ExtendAuthSessionRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = ExtendAuthSessionRequest{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[15]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *ExtendAuthSessionRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*ExtendAuthSessionRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *ExtendAuthSessionRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[15]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use ExtendAuthSessionRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*ExtendAuthSessionRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{15}
+}
+
+func (x *ExtendAuthSessionRequest) GetJwtToken() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.JwtToken
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *ExtendAuthSessionRequest) GetMeta() *PeerSystemMeta {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Meta
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ExtendAuthSessionResponse contains the refreshed session deadline.
+type ExtendAuthSessionResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// Absolute UTC instant at which the peer's SSO session now expires.
+	SessionExpiresAt *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=sessionExpiresAt,proto3" json:"sessionExpiresAt,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *ExtendAuthSessionResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = ExtendAuthSessionResponse{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[16]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *ExtendAuthSessionResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*ExtendAuthSessionResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *ExtendAuthSessionResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[16]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use ExtendAuthSessionResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*ExtendAuthSessionResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{16}
+}
+
+func (x *ExtendAuthSessionResponse) GetSessionExpiresAt() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SessionExpiresAt
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type ServerKeyResponse struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -1667,7 +1798,7 @@ type ServerKeyResponse struct {
 func (x *ServerKeyResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = ServerKeyResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[15]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[17]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1680,7 +1811,7 @@ func (x *ServerKeyResponse) String() string {
 func (*ServerKeyResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ServerKeyResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[15]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[17]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1693,7 +1824,7 @@ func (x *ServerKeyResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ServerKeyResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ServerKeyResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{15}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{17}
 }
 
 func (x *ServerKeyResponse) GetKey() string {
@@ -1726,7 +1857,7 @@ type Empty struct {
 func (x *Empty) Reset() {
 	*x = Empty{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[16]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[18]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1739,7 +1870,7 @@ func (x *Empty) String() string {
 func (*Empty) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *Empty) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[16]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[18]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1752,7 +1883,7 @@ func (x *Empty) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use Empty.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*Empty) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{16}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{18}
 }
 
 // NetbirdConfig is a common configuration of any Netbird peer. It contains STUN, TURN, Signal and Management servers configurations
@@ -1774,7 +1905,7 @@ type NetbirdConfig struct {
 func (x *NetbirdConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = NetbirdConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[17]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[19]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1787,7 +1918,7 @@ func (x *NetbirdConfig) String() string {
 func (*NetbirdConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *NetbirdConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[17]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[19]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1800,7 +1931,7 @@ func (x *NetbirdConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use NetbirdConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*NetbirdConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{17}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{19}
 }
 
 func (x *NetbirdConfig) GetStuns() []*HostConfig {
@@ -1852,7 +1983,7 @@ type HostConfig struct {
 func (x *HostConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = HostConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[18]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[20]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1865,7 +1996,7 @@ func (x *HostConfig) String() string {
 func (*HostConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *HostConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[18]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[20]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1878,7 +2009,7 @@ func (x *HostConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use HostConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*HostConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{18}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{20}
 }
 
 func (x *HostConfig) GetUri() string {
@@ -1908,7 +2039,7 @@ type RelayConfig struct {
 func (x *RelayConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = RelayConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[19]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[21]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1921,7 +2052,7 @@ func (x *RelayConfig) String() string {
 func (*RelayConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *RelayConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[19]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[21]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1934,7 +2065,7 @@ func (x *RelayConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use RelayConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*RelayConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{19}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{21}
 }
 
 func (x *RelayConfig) GetUrls() []string {
@@ -1979,7 +2110,7 @@ type FlowConfig struct {
 func (x *FlowConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = FlowConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[20]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[22]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1992,7 +2123,7 @@ func (x *FlowConfig) String() string {
 func (*FlowConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *FlowConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[20]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[22]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2005,7 +2136,7 @@ func (x *FlowConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use FlowConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*FlowConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{20}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{22}
 }
 
 func (x *FlowConfig) GetUrl() string {
@@ -2083,7 +2214,7 @@ type JWTConfig struct {
 func (x *JWTConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = JWTConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[21]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[23]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2096,7 +2227,7 @@ func (x *JWTConfig) String() string {
 func (*JWTConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *JWTConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[21]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[23]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2109,7 +2240,7 @@ func (x *JWTConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use JWTConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*JWTConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{21}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{23}
 }
 
 func (x *JWTConfig) GetIssuer() string {
@@ -2162,7 +2293,7 @@ type ProtectedHostConfig struct {
 func (x *ProtectedHostConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = ProtectedHostConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[22]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[24]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2175,7 +2306,7 @@ func (x *ProtectedHostConfig) String() string {
 func (*ProtectedHostConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ProtectedHostConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[22]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[24]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2188,7 +2319,7 @@ func (x *ProtectedHostConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ProtectedHostConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ProtectedHostConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{22}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{24}
 }
 
 func (x *ProtectedHostConfig) GetHostConfig() *HostConfig {
@@ -2239,7 +2370,7 @@ type PeerConfig struct {
 func (x *PeerConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = PeerConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[23]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[25]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2252,7 +2383,7 @@ func (x *PeerConfig) String() string {
 func (*PeerConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *PeerConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[23]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[25]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2265,7 +2396,7 @@ func (x *PeerConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use PeerConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*PeerConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{23}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{25}
 }
 
 func (x *PeerConfig) GetAddress() string {
@@ -2345,7 +2476,7 @@ type AutoUpdateSettings struct {
 func (x *AutoUpdateSettings) Reset() {
 	*x = AutoUpdateSettings{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[24]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[26]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2358,7 +2489,7 @@ func (x *AutoUpdateSettings) String() string {
 func (*AutoUpdateSettings) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *AutoUpdateSettings) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[24]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[26]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2371,7 +2502,7 @@ func (x *AutoUpdateSettings) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use AutoUpdateSettings.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*AutoUpdateSettings) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{24}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{26}
 }
 
 func (x *AutoUpdateSettings) GetVersion() string {
@@ -2426,7 +2557,7 @@ type NetworkMap struct {
 func (x *NetworkMap) Reset() {
 	*x = NetworkMap{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[25]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[27]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2439,7 +2570,7 @@ func (x *NetworkMap) String() string {
 func (*NetworkMap) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *NetworkMap) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[25]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[27]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2452,7 +2583,7 @@ func (x *NetworkMap) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use NetworkMap.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*NetworkMap) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{25}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{27}
 }
 
 func (x *NetworkMap) GetSerial() uint64 {
@@ -2562,7 +2693,7 @@ type SSHAuth struct {
 func (x *SSHAuth) Reset() {
 	*x = SSHAuth{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[26]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[28]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2575,7 +2706,7 @@ func (x *SSHAuth) String() string {
 func (*SSHAuth) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SSHAuth) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[26]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[28]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2588,7 +2719,7 @@ func (x *SSHAuth) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SSHAuth.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SSHAuth) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{26}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{28}
 }
 
 func (x *SSHAuth) GetUserIDClaim() string {
@@ -2623,7 +2754,7 @@ type MachineUserIndexes struct {
 func (x *MachineUserIndexes) Reset() {
 	*x = MachineUserIndexes{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[27]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[29]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2636,7 +2767,7 @@ func (x *MachineUserIndexes) String() string {
 func (*MachineUserIndexes) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *MachineUserIndexes) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[27]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[29]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2649,7 +2780,7 @@ func (x *MachineUserIndexes) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use MachineUserIndexes.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*MachineUserIndexes) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{27}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{29}
 }
 
 func (x *MachineUserIndexes) GetIndexes() []uint32 {
@@ -2680,7 +2811,7 @@ type RemotePeerConfig struct {
 func (x *RemotePeerConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = RemotePeerConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[28]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[30]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2693,7 +2824,7 @@ func (x *RemotePeerConfig) String() string {
 func (*RemotePeerConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *RemotePeerConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[28]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[30]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2706,7 +2837,7 @@ func (x *RemotePeerConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use RemotePeerConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*RemotePeerConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{28}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{30}
 }
 
 func (x *RemotePeerConfig) GetWgPubKey() string {
@@ -2761,7 +2892,7 @@ type SSHConfig struct {
 func (x *SSHConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = SSHConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[29]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[31]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2774,7 +2905,7 @@ func (x *SSHConfig) String() string {
 func (*SSHConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SSHConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[29]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[31]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2787,7 +2918,7 @@ func (x *SSHConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SSHConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SSHConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{29}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{31}
 }
 
 func (x *SSHConfig) GetSshEnabled() bool {
@@ -2821,7 +2952,7 @@ type DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest struct {
 func (x *DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[30]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[32]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2834,7 +2965,7 @@ func (x *DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest) String() string {
 func (*DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[30]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[32]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2847,7 +2978,7 @@ func (x *DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{30}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{32}
 }
 
 // DeviceAuthorizationFlow represents Device Authorization Flow information
@@ -2866,7 +2997,7 @@ type DeviceAuthorizationFlow struct {
 func (x *DeviceAuthorizationFlow) Reset() {
 	*x = DeviceAuthorizationFlow{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[31]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[33]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2879,7 +3010,7 @@ func (x *DeviceAuthorizationFlow) String() string {
 func (*DeviceAuthorizationFlow) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *DeviceAuthorizationFlow) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[31]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[33]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2892,7 +3023,7 @@ func (x *DeviceAuthorizationFlow) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use DeviceAuthorizationFlow.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*DeviceAuthorizationFlow) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{31}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{33}
 }
 
 func (x *DeviceAuthorizationFlow) GetProvider() DeviceAuthorizationFlowProvider {
@@ -2919,7 +3050,7 @@ type PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest struct {
 func (x *PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[32]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[34]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2932,7 +3063,7 @@ func (x *PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest) String() string {
 func (*PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[32]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[34]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2945,7 +3076,7 @@ func (x *PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{32}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{34}
 }
 
 // PKCEAuthorizationFlow represents Authorization Code Flow information
@@ -2962,7 +3093,7 @@ type PKCEAuthorizationFlow struct {
 func (x *PKCEAuthorizationFlow) Reset() {
 	*x = PKCEAuthorizationFlow{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[33]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[35]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2975,7 +3106,7 @@ func (x *PKCEAuthorizationFlow) String() string {
 func (*PKCEAuthorizationFlow) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *PKCEAuthorizationFlow) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[33]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[35]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2988,7 +3119,7 @@ func (x *PKCEAuthorizationFlow) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use PKCEAuthorizationFlow.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*PKCEAuthorizationFlow) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{33}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{35}
 }
 
 func (x *PKCEAuthorizationFlow) GetProviderConfig() *ProviderConfig {
@@ -3036,7 +3167,7 @@ type ProviderConfig struct {
 func (x *ProviderConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = ProviderConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[34]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[36]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3049,7 +3180,7 @@ func (x *ProviderConfig) String() string {
 func (*ProviderConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ProviderConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[34]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[36]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3062,7 +3193,7 @@ func (x *ProviderConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ProviderConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ProviderConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{34}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{36}
 }
 
 func (x *ProviderConfig) GetClientID() string {
@@ -3171,7 +3302,7 @@ type Route struct {
 func (x *Route) Reset() {
 	*x = Route{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[35]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[37]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3184,7 +3315,7 @@ func (x *Route) String() string {
 func (*Route) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *Route) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[35]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[37]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3197,7 +3328,7 @@ func (x *Route) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use Route.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*Route) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{35}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{37}
 }
 
 func (x *Route) GetID() string {
@@ -3286,7 +3417,7 @@ type DNSConfig struct {
 func (x *DNSConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = DNSConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[36]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[38]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3299,7 +3430,7 @@ func (x *DNSConfig) String() string {
 func (*DNSConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *DNSConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[36]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[38]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3312,7 +3443,7 @@ func (x *DNSConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use DNSConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*DNSConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{36}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{38}
 }
 
 func (x *DNSConfig) GetServiceEnable() bool {
@@ -3361,7 +3492,7 @@ type CustomZone struct {
 func (x *CustomZone) Reset() {
 	*x = CustomZone{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[37]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[39]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3374,7 +3505,7 @@ func (x *CustomZone) String() string {
 func (*CustomZone) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *CustomZone) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[37]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[39]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3387,7 +3518,7 @@ func (x *CustomZone) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use CustomZone.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*CustomZone) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{37}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{39}
 }
 
 func (x *CustomZone) GetDomain() string {
@@ -3434,7 +3565,7 @@ type SimpleRecord struct {
 func (x *SimpleRecord) Reset() {
 	*x = SimpleRecord{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[38]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[40]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3447,7 +3578,7 @@ func (x *SimpleRecord) String() string {
 func (*SimpleRecord) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SimpleRecord) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[38]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[40]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3460,7 +3591,7 @@ func (x *SimpleRecord) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SimpleRecord.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SimpleRecord) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{38}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{40}
 }
 
 func (x *SimpleRecord) GetName() string {
@@ -3513,7 +3644,7 @@ type NameServerGroup struct {
 func (x *NameServerGroup) Reset() {
 	*x = NameServerGroup{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[39]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[41]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3526,7 +3657,7 @@ func (x *NameServerGroup) String() string {
 func (*NameServerGroup) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *NameServerGroup) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[39]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[41]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3539,7 +3670,7 @@ func (x *NameServerGroup) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use NameServerGroup.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*NameServerGroup) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{39}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{41}
 }
 
 func (x *NameServerGroup) GetNameServers() []*NameServer {
@@ -3584,7 +3715,7 @@ type NameServer struct {
 func (x *NameServer) Reset() {
 	*x = NameServer{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[40]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[42]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3597,7 +3728,7 @@ func (x *NameServer) String() string {
 func (*NameServer) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *NameServer) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[40]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[42]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3610,7 +3741,7 @@ func (x *NameServer) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use NameServer.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*NameServer) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{40}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{42}
 }
 
 func (x *NameServer) GetIP() string {
@@ -3661,7 +3792,7 @@ type FirewallRule struct {
 func (x *FirewallRule) Reset() {
 	*x = FirewallRule{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[41]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[43]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3674,7 +3805,7 @@ func (x *FirewallRule) String() string {
 func (*FirewallRule) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *FirewallRule) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[41]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[43]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3687,7 +3818,7 @@ func (x *FirewallRule) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use FirewallRule.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*FirewallRule) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{41}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{43}
 }
 
 // Deprecated: Do not use.
@@ -3766,7 +3897,7 @@ type NetworkAddress struct {
 func (x *NetworkAddress) Reset() {
 	*x = NetworkAddress{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[42]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[44]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3779,7 +3910,7 @@ func (x *NetworkAddress) String() string {
 func (*NetworkAddress) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *NetworkAddress) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[42]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[44]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3792,7 +3923,7 @@ func (x *NetworkAddress) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use NetworkAddress.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*NetworkAddress) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{42}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{44}
 }
 
 func (x *NetworkAddress) GetNetIP() string {
@@ -3820,7 +3951,7 @@ type Checks struct {
 func (x *Checks) Reset() {
 	*x = Checks{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[43]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[45]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3833,7 +3964,7 @@ func (x *Checks) String() string {
 func (*Checks) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *Checks) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[43]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[45]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3846,7 +3977,7 @@ func (x *Checks) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use Checks.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*Checks) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{43}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{45}
 }
 
 func (x *Checks) GetFiles() []string {
@@ -3871,7 +4002,7 @@ type PortInfo struct {
 func (x *PortInfo) Reset() {
 	*x = PortInfo{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[44]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[46]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3884,7 +4015,7 @@ func (x *PortInfo) String() string {
 func (*PortInfo) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *PortInfo) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[44]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[46]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3897,7 +4028,7 @@ func (x *PortInfo) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use PortInfo.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*PortInfo) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{44}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{46}
 }
 
 func (m *PortInfo) GetPortSelection() isPortInfo_PortSelection {
@@ -3968,7 +4099,7 @@ type RouteFirewallRule struct {
 func (x *RouteFirewallRule) Reset() {
 	*x = RouteFirewallRule{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[45]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[47]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3981,7 +4112,7 @@ func (x *RouteFirewallRule) String() string {
 func (*RouteFirewallRule) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *RouteFirewallRule) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[45]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[47]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3994,7 +4125,7 @@ func (x *RouteFirewallRule) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use RouteFirewallRule.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*RouteFirewallRule) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{45}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{47}
 }
 
 func (x *RouteFirewallRule) GetSourceRanges() []string {
@@ -4085,7 +4216,7 @@ type ForwardingRule struct {
 func (x *ForwardingRule) Reset() {
 	*x = ForwardingRule{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[46]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[48]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -4098,7 +4229,7 @@ func (x *ForwardingRule) String() string {
 func (*ForwardingRule) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ForwardingRule) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[46]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[48]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4111,7 +4242,7 @@ func (x *ForwardingRule) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ForwardingRule.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ForwardingRule) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{46}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{48}
 }
 
 func (x *ForwardingRule) GetProtocol() RuleProtocol {
@@ -4160,7 +4291,7 @@ type ExposeServiceRequest struct {
 func (x *ExposeServiceRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = ExposeServiceRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[47]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[49]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -4173,7 +4304,7 @@ func (x *ExposeServiceRequest) String() string {
 func (*ExposeServiceRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[47]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[49]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4186,7 +4317,7 @@ func (x *ExposeServiceRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ExposeServiceRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ExposeServiceRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{47}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{49}
 }
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceRequest) GetPort() uint32 {
@@ -4259,7 +4390,7 @@ type ExposeServiceResponse struct {
 func (x *ExposeServiceResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = ExposeServiceResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[48]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[50]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -4272,7 +4403,7 @@ func (x *ExposeServiceResponse) String() string {
 func (*ExposeServiceResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[48]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[50]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4285,7 +4416,7 @@ func (x *ExposeServiceResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ExposeServiceResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ExposeServiceResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{48}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{50}
 }
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceResponse) GetServiceName() string {
@@ -4327,7 +4458,7 @@ type RenewExposeRequest struct {
 func (x *RenewExposeRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = RenewExposeRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[49]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[51]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -4340,7 +4471,7 @@ func (x *RenewExposeRequest) String() string {
 func (*RenewExposeRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *RenewExposeRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[49]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[51]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4353,7 +4484,7 @@ func (x *RenewExposeRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use RenewExposeRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*RenewExposeRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{49}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{51}
 }
 
 func (x *RenewExposeRequest) GetDomain() string {
@@ -4372,7 +4503,7 @@ type RenewExposeResponse struct {
 func (x *RenewExposeResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = RenewExposeResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[50]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[52]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -4385,7 +4516,7 @@ func (x *RenewExposeResponse) String() string {
 func (*RenewExposeResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *RenewExposeResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[50]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[52]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4398,7 +4529,7 @@ func (x *RenewExposeResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use RenewExposeResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*RenewExposeResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{50}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{52}
 }
 
 type StopExposeRequest struct {
@@ -4412,7 +4543,7 @@ type StopExposeRequest struct {
 func (x *StopExposeRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = StopExposeRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[51]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[53]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -4425,7 +4556,7 @@ func (x *StopExposeRequest) String() string {
 func (*StopExposeRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *StopExposeRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[51]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[53]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4438,7 +4569,7 @@ func (x *StopExposeRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use StopExposeRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*StopExposeRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{51}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{53}
 }
 
 func (x *StopExposeRequest) GetDomain() string {
@@ -4457,7 +4588,7 @@ type StopExposeResponse struct {
 func (x *StopExposeResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = StopExposeResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[52]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[54]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -4470,7 +4601,7 @@ func (x *StopExposeResponse) String() string {
 func (*StopExposeResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *StopExposeResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[52]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[54]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4483,7 +4614,7 @@ func (x *StopExposeResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use StopExposeResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*StopExposeResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{52}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{54}
 }
 
 type PortInfo_Range struct {
@@ -4498,7 +4629,7 @@ type PortInfo_Range struct {
 func (x *PortInfo_Range) Reset() {
 	*x = PortInfo_Range{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[54]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[56]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -4511,7 +4642,7 @@ func (x *PortInfo_Range) String() string {
 func (*PortInfo_Range) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *PortInfo_Range) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[54]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[56]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4524,7 +4655,7 @@ func (x *PortInfo_Range) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use PortInfo_Range.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*PortInfo_Range) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{44, 0}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{46, 0}
 }
 
 func (x *PortInfo_Range) GetStart() uint32 {
@@ -4590,7 +4721,7 @@ var file_management_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
 	0x52, 0x65, 0x71, 0x75, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x12, 0x2e, 0x0a, 0x04, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x74, 0x61, 0x18,
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+	0x61, 0x52, 0x04, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x74, 0x61, 0x22, 0xa3, 0x03, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x53, 0x79, 0x6e, 0x63,
 	0x52, 0x65, 0x73, 0x70, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x65, 0x12, 0x3f, 0x0a, 0x0d, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x74, 0x62,
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@@ -4612,630 +4743,657 @@ var file_management_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
 	0x65, 0x74, 0x77, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6b, 0x4d, 0x61, 0x70, 0x12, 0x2a, 0x0a, 0x06, 0x43, 0x68, 0x65,
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@@ -5267,7 +5425,7 @@ func file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
 }
 
 var file_management_proto_enumTypes = make([]protoimpl.EnumInfo, 8)
-var file_management_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 55)
+var file_management_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 57)
 var file_management_proto_goTypes = []interface{}{
 	(JobStatus)(0),                         // 0: management.JobStatus
 	(PeerCapability)(0),                    // 1: management.PeerCapability
@@ -5292,142 +5450,150 @@ var file_management_proto_goTypes = []interface{}{
 	(*Flags)(nil),                          // 20: management.Flags
 	(*PeerSystemMeta)(nil),                 // 21: management.PeerSystemMeta
 	(*LoginResponse)(nil),                  // 22: management.LoginResponse
-	(*ServerKeyResponse)(nil),              // 23: management.ServerKeyResponse
-	(*Empty)(nil),                          // 24: management.Empty
-	(*NetbirdConfig)(nil),                  // 25: management.NetbirdConfig
-	(*HostConfig)(nil),                     // 26: management.HostConfig
-	(*RelayConfig)(nil),                    // 27: management.RelayConfig
-	(*FlowConfig)(nil),                     // 28: management.FlowConfig
-	(*JWTConfig)(nil),                      // 29: management.JWTConfig
-	(*ProtectedHostConfig)(nil),            // 30: management.ProtectedHostConfig
-	(*PeerConfig)(nil),                     // 31: management.PeerConfig
-	(*AutoUpdateSettings)(nil),             // 32: management.AutoUpdateSettings
-	(*NetworkMap)(nil),                     // 33: management.NetworkMap
-	(*SSHAuth)(nil),                        // 34: management.SSHAuth
-	(*MachineUserIndexes)(nil),             // 35: management.MachineUserIndexes
-	(*RemotePeerConfig)(nil),               // 36: management.RemotePeerConfig
-	(*SSHConfig)(nil),                      // 37: management.SSHConfig
-	(*DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest)(nil), // 38: management.DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest
-	(*DeviceAuthorizationFlow)(nil),        // 39: management.DeviceAuthorizationFlow
-	(*PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest)(nil),   // 40: management.PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest
-	(*PKCEAuthorizationFlow)(nil),          // 41: management.PKCEAuthorizationFlow
-	(*ProviderConfig)(nil),                 // 42: management.ProviderConfig
-	(*Route)(nil),                          // 43: management.Route
-	(*DNSConfig)(nil),                      // 44: management.DNSConfig
-	(*CustomZone)(nil),                     // 45: management.CustomZone
-	(*SimpleRecord)(nil),                   // 46: management.SimpleRecord
-	(*NameServerGroup)(nil),                // 47: management.NameServerGroup
-	(*NameServer)(nil),                     // 48: management.NameServer
-	(*FirewallRule)(nil),                   // 49: management.FirewallRule
-	(*NetworkAddress)(nil),                 // 50: management.NetworkAddress
-	(*Checks)(nil),                         // 51: management.Checks
-	(*PortInfo)(nil),                       // 52: management.PortInfo
-	(*RouteFirewallRule)(nil),              // 53: management.RouteFirewallRule
-	(*ForwardingRule)(nil),                 // 54: management.ForwardingRule
-	(*ExposeServiceRequest)(nil),           // 55: management.ExposeServiceRequest
-	(*ExposeServiceResponse)(nil),          // 56: management.ExposeServiceResponse
-	(*RenewExposeRequest)(nil),             // 57: management.RenewExposeRequest
-	(*RenewExposeResponse)(nil),            // 58: management.RenewExposeResponse
-	(*StopExposeRequest)(nil),              // 59: management.StopExposeRequest
-	(*StopExposeResponse)(nil),             // 60: management.StopExposeResponse
-	nil,                                    // 61: management.SSHAuth.MachineUsersEntry
-	(*PortInfo_Range)(nil),                 // 62: management.PortInfo.Range
-	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),          // 63: google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	(*durationpb.Duration)(nil),            // 64: google.protobuf.Duration
+	(*ExtendAuthSessionRequest)(nil),       // 23: management.ExtendAuthSessionRequest
+	(*ExtendAuthSessionResponse)(nil),      // 24: management.ExtendAuthSessionResponse
+	(*ServerKeyResponse)(nil),              // 25: management.ServerKeyResponse
+	(*Empty)(nil),                          // 26: management.Empty
+	(*NetbirdConfig)(nil),                  // 27: management.NetbirdConfig
+	(*HostConfig)(nil),                     // 28: management.HostConfig
+	(*RelayConfig)(nil),                    // 29: management.RelayConfig
+	(*FlowConfig)(nil),                     // 30: management.FlowConfig
+	(*JWTConfig)(nil),                      // 31: management.JWTConfig
+	(*ProtectedHostConfig)(nil),            // 32: management.ProtectedHostConfig
+	(*PeerConfig)(nil),                     // 33: management.PeerConfig
+	(*AutoUpdateSettings)(nil),             // 34: management.AutoUpdateSettings
+	(*NetworkMap)(nil),                     // 35: management.NetworkMap
+	(*SSHAuth)(nil),                        // 36: management.SSHAuth
+	(*MachineUserIndexes)(nil),             // 37: management.MachineUserIndexes
+	(*RemotePeerConfig)(nil),               // 38: management.RemotePeerConfig
+	(*SSHConfig)(nil),                      // 39: management.SSHConfig
+	(*DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest)(nil), // 40: management.DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest
+	(*DeviceAuthorizationFlow)(nil),        // 41: management.DeviceAuthorizationFlow
+	(*PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest)(nil),   // 42: management.PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest
+	(*PKCEAuthorizationFlow)(nil),          // 43: management.PKCEAuthorizationFlow
+	(*ProviderConfig)(nil),                 // 44: management.ProviderConfig
+	(*Route)(nil),                          // 45: management.Route
+	(*DNSConfig)(nil),                      // 46: management.DNSConfig
+	(*CustomZone)(nil),                     // 47: management.CustomZone
+	(*SimpleRecord)(nil),                   // 48: management.SimpleRecord
+	(*NameServerGroup)(nil),                // 49: management.NameServerGroup
+	(*NameServer)(nil),                     // 50: management.NameServer
+	(*FirewallRule)(nil),                   // 51: management.FirewallRule
+	(*NetworkAddress)(nil),                 // 52: management.NetworkAddress
+	(*Checks)(nil),                         // 53: management.Checks
+	(*PortInfo)(nil),                       // 54: management.PortInfo
+	(*RouteFirewallRule)(nil),              // 55: management.RouteFirewallRule
+	(*ForwardingRule)(nil),                 // 56: management.ForwardingRule
+	(*ExposeServiceRequest)(nil),           // 57: management.ExposeServiceRequest
+	(*ExposeServiceResponse)(nil),          // 58: management.ExposeServiceResponse
+	(*RenewExposeRequest)(nil),             // 59: management.RenewExposeRequest
+	(*RenewExposeResponse)(nil),            // 60: management.RenewExposeResponse
+	(*StopExposeRequest)(nil),              // 61: management.StopExposeRequest
+	(*StopExposeResponse)(nil),             // 62: management.StopExposeResponse
+	nil,                                    // 63: management.SSHAuth.MachineUsersEntry
+	(*PortInfo_Range)(nil),                 // 64: management.PortInfo.Range
+	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),          // 65: google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	(*durationpb.Duration)(nil),            // 66: google.protobuf.Duration
 }
 var file_management_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	11, // 0: management.JobRequest.bundle:type_name -> management.BundleParameters
 	0,  // 1: management.JobResponse.status:type_name -> management.JobStatus
 	12, // 2: management.JobResponse.bundle:type_name -> management.BundleResult
 	21, // 3: management.SyncRequest.meta:type_name -> management.PeerSystemMeta
-	25, // 4: management.SyncResponse.netbirdConfig:type_name -> management.NetbirdConfig
-	31, // 5: management.SyncResponse.peerConfig:type_name -> management.PeerConfig
-	36, // 6: management.SyncResponse.remotePeers:type_name -> management.RemotePeerConfig
-	33, // 7: management.SyncResponse.NetworkMap:type_name -> management.NetworkMap
-	51, // 8: management.SyncResponse.Checks:type_name -> management.Checks
-	21, // 9: management.SyncMetaRequest.meta:type_name -> management.PeerSystemMeta
-	21, // 10: management.LoginRequest.meta:type_name -> management.PeerSystemMeta
-	17, // 11: management.LoginRequest.peerKeys:type_name -> management.PeerKeys
-	50, // 12: management.PeerSystemMeta.networkAddresses:type_name -> management.NetworkAddress
-	18, // 13: management.PeerSystemMeta.environment:type_name -> management.Environment
-	19, // 14: management.PeerSystemMeta.files:type_name -> management.File
-	20, // 15: management.PeerSystemMeta.flags:type_name -> management.Flags
-	1,  // 16: management.PeerSystemMeta.capabilities:type_name -> management.PeerCapability
-	25, // 17: management.LoginResponse.netbirdConfig:type_name -> management.NetbirdConfig
-	31, // 18: management.LoginResponse.peerConfig:type_name -> management.PeerConfig
-	51, // 19: management.LoginResponse.Checks:type_name -> management.Checks
-	63, // 20: management.ServerKeyResponse.expiresAt:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	26, // 21: management.NetbirdConfig.stuns:type_name -> management.HostConfig
-	30, // 22: management.NetbirdConfig.turns:type_name -> management.ProtectedHostConfig
-	26, // 23: management.NetbirdConfig.signal:type_name -> management.HostConfig
-	27, // 24: management.NetbirdConfig.relay:type_name -> management.RelayConfig
-	28, // 25: management.NetbirdConfig.flow:type_name -> management.FlowConfig
-	6,  // 26: management.HostConfig.protocol:type_name -> management.HostConfig.Protocol
-	64, // 27: management.FlowConfig.interval:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
-	26, // 28: management.ProtectedHostConfig.hostConfig:type_name -> management.HostConfig
-	37, // 29: management.PeerConfig.sshConfig:type_name -> management.SSHConfig
-	32, // 30: management.PeerConfig.autoUpdate:type_name -> management.AutoUpdateSettings
-	31, // 31: management.NetworkMap.peerConfig:type_name -> management.PeerConfig
-	36, // 32: management.NetworkMap.remotePeers:type_name -> management.RemotePeerConfig
-	43, // 33: management.NetworkMap.Routes:type_name -> management.Route
-	44, // 34: management.NetworkMap.DNSConfig:type_name -> management.DNSConfig
-	36, // 35: management.NetworkMap.offlinePeers:type_name -> management.RemotePeerConfig
-	49, // 36: management.NetworkMap.FirewallRules:type_name -> management.FirewallRule
-	53, // 37: management.NetworkMap.routesFirewallRules:type_name -> management.RouteFirewallRule
-	54, // 38: management.NetworkMap.forwardingRules:type_name -> management.ForwardingRule
-	34, // 39: management.NetworkMap.sshAuth:type_name -> management.SSHAuth
-	61, // 40: management.SSHAuth.machine_users:type_name -> management.SSHAuth.MachineUsersEntry
-	37, // 41: management.RemotePeerConfig.sshConfig:type_name -> management.SSHConfig
-	29, // 42: management.SSHConfig.jwtConfig:type_name -> management.JWTConfig
-	7,  // 43: management.DeviceAuthorizationFlow.Provider:type_name -> management.DeviceAuthorizationFlow.provider
-	42, // 44: management.DeviceAuthorizationFlow.ProviderConfig:type_name -> management.ProviderConfig
-	42, // 45: management.PKCEAuthorizationFlow.ProviderConfig:type_name -> management.ProviderConfig
-	47, // 46: management.DNSConfig.NameServerGroups:type_name -> management.NameServerGroup
-	45, // 47: management.DNSConfig.CustomZones:type_name -> management.CustomZone
-	46, // 48: management.CustomZone.Records:type_name -> management.SimpleRecord
-	48, // 49: management.NameServerGroup.NameServers:type_name -> management.NameServer
-	3,  // 50: management.FirewallRule.Direction:type_name -> management.RuleDirection
-	4,  // 51: management.FirewallRule.Action:type_name -> management.RuleAction
-	2,  // 52: management.FirewallRule.Protocol:type_name -> management.RuleProtocol
-	52, // 53: management.FirewallRule.PortInfo:type_name -> management.PortInfo
-	62, // 54: management.PortInfo.range:type_name -> management.PortInfo.Range
-	4,  // 55: management.RouteFirewallRule.action:type_name -> management.RuleAction
-	2,  // 56: management.RouteFirewallRule.protocol:type_name -> management.RuleProtocol
-	52, // 57: management.RouteFirewallRule.portInfo:type_name -> management.PortInfo
-	2,  // 58: management.ForwardingRule.protocol:type_name -> management.RuleProtocol
-	52, // 59: management.ForwardingRule.destinationPort:type_name -> management.PortInfo
-	52, // 60: management.ForwardingRule.translatedPort:type_name -> management.PortInfo
-	5,  // 61: management.ExposeServiceRequest.protocol:type_name -> management.ExposeProtocol
-	35, // 62: management.SSHAuth.MachineUsersEntry.value:type_name -> management.MachineUserIndexes
-	8,  // 63: management.ManagementService.Login:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	8,  // 64: management.ManagementService.Sync:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	24, // 65: management.ManagementService.GetServerKey:input_type -> management.Empty
-	24, // 66: management.ManagementService.isHealthy:input_type -> management.Empty
-	8,  // 67: management.ManagementService.GetDeviceAuthorizationFlow:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	8,  // 68: management.ManagementService.GetPKCEAuthorizationFlow:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	8,  // 69: management.ManagementService.SyncMeta:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	8,  // 70: management.ManagementService.Logout:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	8,  // 71: management.ManagementService.Job:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	8,  // 72: management.ManagementService.CreateExpose:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	8,  // 73: management.ManagementService.RenewExpose:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	8,  // 74: management.ManagementService.StopExpose:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	8,  // 75: management.ManagementService.Login:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	8,  // 76: management.ManagementService.Sync:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	23, // 77: management.ManagementService.GetServerKey:output_type -> management.ServerKeyResponse
-	24, // 78: management.ManagementService.isHealthy:output_type -> management.Empty
-	8,  // 79: management.ManagementService.GetDeviceAuthorizationFlow:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	8,  // 80: management.ManagementService.GetPKCEAuthorizationFlow:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	24, // 81: management.ManagementService.SyncMeta:output_type -> management.Empty
-	24, // 82: management.ManagementService.Logout:output_type -> management.Empty
-	8,  // 83: management.ManagementService.Job:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	8,  // 84: management.ManagementService.CreateExpose:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	8,  // 85: management.ManagementService.RenewExpose:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	8,  // 86: management.ManagementService.StopExpose:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	75, // [75:87] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	63, // [63:75] is the sub-list for method input_type
-	63, // [63:63] is the sub-list for extension type_name
-	63, // [63:63] is the sub-list for extension extendee
-	0,  // [0:63] is the sub-list for field type_name
+	27, // 4: management.SyncResponse.netbirdConfig:type_name -> management.NetbirdConfig
+	33, // 5: management.SyncResponse.peerConfig:type_name -> management.PeerConfig
+	38, // 6: management.SyncResponse.remotePeers:type_name -> management.RemotePeerConfig
+	35, // 7: management.SyncResponse.NetworkMap:type_name -> management.NetworkMap
+	53, // 8: management.SyncResponse.Checks:type_name -> management.Checks
+	65, // 9: management.SyncResponse.sessionExpiresAt:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	21, // 10: management.SyncMetaRequest.meta:type_name -> management.PeerSystemMeta
+	21, // 11: management.LoginRequest.meta:type_name -> management.PeerSystemMeta
+	17, // 12: management.LoginRequest.peerKeys:type_name -> management.PeerKeys
+	52, // 13: management.PeerSystemMeta.networkAddresses:type_name -> management.NetworkAddress
+	18, // 14: management.PeerSystemMeta.environment:type_name -> management.Environment
+	19, // 15: management.PeerSystemMeta.files:type_name -> management.File
+	20, // 16: management.PeerSystemMeta.flags:type_name -> management.Flags
+	1,  // 17: management.PeerSystemMeta.capabilities:type_name -> management.PeerCapability
+	27, // 18: management.LoginResponse.netbirdConfig:type_name -> management.NetbirdConfig
+	33, // 19: management.LoginResponse.peerConfig:type_name -> management.PeerConfig
+	53, // 20: management.LoginResponse.Checks:type_name -> management.Checks
+	65, // 21: management.LoginResponse.sessionExpiresAt:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	21, // 22: management.ExtendAuthSessionRequest.meta:type_name -> management.PeerSystemMeta
+	65, // 23: management.ExtendAuthSessionResponse.sessionExpiresAt:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	65, // 24: management.ServerKeyResponse.expiresAt:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	28, // 25: management.NetbirdConfig.stuns:type_name -> management.HostConfig
+	32, // 26: management.NetbirdConfig.turns:type_name -> management.ProtectedHostConfig
+	28, // 27: management.NetbirdConfig.signal:type_name -> management.HostConfig
+	29, // 28: management.NetbirdConfig.relay:type_name -> management.RelayConfig
+	30, // 29: management.NetbirdConfig.flow:type_name -> management.FlowConfig
+	6,  // 30: management.HostConfig.protocol:type_name -> management.HostConfig.Protocol
+	66, // 31: management.FlowConfig.interval:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	28, // 32: management.ProtectedHostConfig.hostConfig:type_name -> management.HostConfig
+	39, // 33: management.PeerConfig.sshConfig:type_name -> management.SSHConfig
+	34, // 34: management.PeerConfig.autoUpdate:type_name -> management.AutoUpdateSettings
+	33, // 35: management.NetworkMap.peerConfig:type_name -> management.PeerConfig
+	38, // 36: management.NetworkMap.remotePeers:type_name -> management.RemotePeerConfig
+	45, // 37: management.NetworkMap.Routes:type_name -> management.Route
+	46, // 38: management.NetworkMap.DNSConfig:type_name -> management.DNSConfig
+	38, // 39: management.NetworkMap.offlinePeers:type_name -> management.RemotePeerConfig
+	51, // 40: management.NetworkMap.FirewallRules:type_name -> management.FirewallRule
+	55, // 41: management.NetworkMap.routesFirewallRules:type_name -> management.RouteFirewallRule
+	56, // 42: management.NetworkMap.forwardingRules:type_name -> management.ForwardingRule
+	36, // 43: management.NetworkMap.sshAuth:type_name -> management.SSHAuth
+	63, // 44: management.SSHAuth.machine_users:type_name -> management.SSHAuth.MachineUsersEntry
+	39, // 45: management.RemotePeerConfig.sshConfig:type_name -> management.SSHConfig
+	31, // 46: management.SSHConfig.jwtConfig:type_name -> management.JWTConfig
+	7,  // 47: management.DeviceAuthorizationFlow.Provider:type_name -> management.DeviceAuthorizationFlow.provider
+	44, // 48: management.DeviceAuthorizationFlow.ProviderConfig:type_name -> management.ProviderConfig
+	44, // 49: management.PKCEAuthorizationFlow.ProviderConfig:type_name -> management.ProviderConfig
+	49, // 50: management.DNSConfig.NameServerGroups:type_name -> management.NameServerGroup
+	47, // 51: management.DNSConfig.CustomZones:type_name -> management.CustomZone
+	48, // 52: management.CustomZone.Records:type_name -> management.SimpleRecord
+	50, // 53: management.NameServerGroup.NameServers:type_name -> management.NameServer
+	3,  // 54: management.FirewallRule.Direction:type_name -> management.RuleDirection
+	4,  // 55: management.FirewallRule.Action:type_name -> management.RuleAction
+	2,  // 56: management.FirewallRule.Protocol:type_name -> management.RuleProtocol
+	54, // 57: management.FirewallRule.PortInfo:type_name -> management.PortInfo
+	64, // 58: management.PortInfo.range:type_name -> management.PortInfo.Range
+	4,  // 59: management.RouteFirewallRule.action:type_name -> management.RuleAction
+	2,  // 60: management.RouteFirewallRule.protocol:type_name -> management.RuleProtocol
+	54, // 61: management.RouteFirewallRule.portInfo:type_name -> management.PortInfo
+	2,  // 62: management.ForwardingRule.protocol:type_name -> management.RuleProtocol
+	54, // 63: management.ForwardingRule.destinationPort:type_name -> management.PortInfo
+	54, // 64: management.ForwardingRule.translatedPort:type_name -> management.PortInfo
+	5,  // 65: management.ExposeServiceRequest.protocol:type_name -> management.ExposeProtocol
+	37, // 66: management.SSHAuth.MachineUsersEntry.value:type_name -> management.MachineUserIndexes
+	8,  // 67: management.ManagementService.Login:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	8,  // 68: management.ManagementService.Sync:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	26, // 69: management.ManagementService.GetServerKey:input_type -> management.Empty
+	26, // 70: management.ManagementService.isHealthy:input_type -> management.Empty
+	8,  // 71: management.ManagementService.GetDeviceAuthorizationFlow:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	8,  // 72: management.ManagementService.GetPKCEAuthorizationFlow:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	8,  // 73: management.ManagementService.SyncMeta:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	8,  // 74: management.ManagementService.Logout:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	8,  // 75: management.ManagementService.Job:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	8,  // 76: management.ManagementService.ExtendAuthSession:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	8,  // 77: management.ManagementService.CreateExpose:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	8,  // 78: management.ManagementService.RenewExpose:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	8,  // 79: management.ManagementService.StopExpose:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	8,  // 80: management.ManagementService.Login:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	8,  // 81: management.ManagementService.Sync:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	25, // 82: management.ManagementService.GetServerKey:output_type -> management.ServerKeyResponse
+	26, // 83: management.ManagementService.isHealthy:output_type -> management.Empty
+	8,  // 84: management.ManagementService.GetDeviceAuthorizationFlow:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	8,  // 85: management.ManagementService.GetPKCEAuthorizationFlow:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	26, // 86: management.ManagementService.SyncMeta:output_type -> management.Empty
+	26, // 87: management.ManagementService.Logout:output_type -> management.Empty
+	8,  // 88: management.ManagementService.Job:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	8,  // 89: management.ManagementService.ExtendAuthSession:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	8,  // 90: management.ManagementService.CreateExpose:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	8,  // 91: management.ManagementService.RenewExpose:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	8,  // 92: management.ManagementService.StopExpose:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	80, // [80:93] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	67, // [67:80] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	67, // [67:67] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	67, // [67:67] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0,  // [0:67] is the sub-list for field type_name
 }
 
 func init() { file_management_proto_init() }
@@ -5617,7 +5783,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[15].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*ServerKeyResponse); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ExtendAuthSessionRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5629,7 +5795,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[16].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*Empty); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ExtendAuthSessionResponse); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5641,7 +5807,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[17].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*NetbirdConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ServerKeyResponse); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5653,7 +5819,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[18].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*HostConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*Empty); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5665,7 +5831,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[19].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*RelayConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*NetbirdConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5677,7 +5843,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[20].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*FlowConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*HostConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5689,7 +5855,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[21].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*JWTConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*RelayConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5701,7 +5867,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[22].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*ProtectedHostConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*FlowConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5713,7 +5879,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[23].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*PeerConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*JWTConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5725,7 +5891,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[24].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*AutoUpdateSettings); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ProtectedHostConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5737,7 +5903,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[25].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*NetworkMap); i {
+			switch v := v.(*PeerConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5749,7 +5915,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[26].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*SSHAuth); i {
+			switch v := v.(*AutoUpdateSettings); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5761,7 +5927,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[27].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*MachineUserIndexes); i {
+			switch v := v.(*NetworkMap); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5773,7 +5939,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[28].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*RemotePeerConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*SSHAuth); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5785,7 +5951,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[29].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*SSHConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*MachineUserIndexes); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5797,7 +5963,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[30].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*RemotePeerConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5809,7 +5975,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[31].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*DeviceAuthorizationFlow); i {
+			switch v := v.(*SSHConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5821,7 +5987,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[32].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5833,7 +5999,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[33].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*PKCEAuthorizationFlow); i {
+			switch v := v.(*DeviceAuthorizationFlow); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5845,7 +6011,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[34].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*ProviderConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5857,7 +6023,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[35].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*Route); i {
+			switch v := v.(*PKCEAuthorizationFlow); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5869,7 +6035,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[36].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*DNSConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ProviderConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5881,7 +6047,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[37].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*CustomZone); i {
+			switch v := v.(*Route); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5893,7 +6059,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[38].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*SimpleRecord); i {
+			switch v := v.(*DNSConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5905,7 +6071,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[39].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*NameServerGroup); i {
+			switch v := v.(*CustomZone); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5917,7 +6083,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[40].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*NameServer); i {
+			switch v := v.(*SimpleRecord); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5929,7 +6095,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[41].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*FirewallRule); i {
+			switch v := v.(*NameServerGroup); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5941,7 +6107,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[42].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*NetworkAddress); i {
+			switch v := v.(*NameServer); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5953,7 +6119,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[43].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*Checks); i {
+			switch v := v.(*FirewallRule); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5965,7 +6131,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[44].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*PortInfo); i {
+			switch v := v.(*NetworkAddress); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5977,7 +6143,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[45].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*RouteFirewallRule); i {
+			switch v := v.(*Checks); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5989,7 +6155,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[46].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*ForwardingRule); i {
+			switch v := v.(*PortInfo); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -6001,7 +6167,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[47].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*ExposeServiceRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*RouteFirewallRule); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -6013,7 +6179,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[48].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*ExposeServiceResponse); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ForwardingRule); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -6025,7 +6191,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[49].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*RenewExposeRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ExposeServiceRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -6037,7 +6203,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[50].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*RenewExposeResponse); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ExposeServiceResponse); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -6049,7 +6215,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[51].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*StopExposeRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*RenewExposeRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -6061,7 +6227,19 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[52].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*StopExposeResponse); i {
+			switch v := v.(*RenewExposeResponse); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[53].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*StopExposeRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -6073,6 +6251,18 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[54].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*StopExposeResponse); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[56].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
 			switch v := v.(*PortInfo_Range); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
@@ -6091,7 +6281,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 	file_management_proto_msgTypes[2].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{
 		(*JobResponse_Bundle)(nil),
 	}
-	file_management_proto_msgTypes[44].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{
+	file_management_proto_msgTypes[46].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{
 		(*PortInfo_Port)(nil),
 		(*PortInfo_Range_)(nil),
 	}
@@ -6101,7 +6291,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
 			RawDescriptor: file_management_proto_rawDesc,
 			NumEnums:      8,
-			NumMessages:   55,
+			NumMessages:   57,
 			NumExtensions: 0,
 			NumServices:   1,
 		},
diff --git a/shared/management/proto/management.proto b/shared/management/proto/management.proto
index 461a614fe..990a72a63 100644
--- a/shared/management/proto/management.proto
+++ b/shared/management/proto/management.proto
@@ -52,6 +52,14 @@ service ManagementService {
   // Executes a job on a target peer (e.g., debug bundle)
   rpc Job(stream EncryptedMessage) returns (stream EncryptedMessage) {}
 
+  // ExtendAuthSession refreshes the peer's session expiry deadline using a fresh JWT.
+  // Same JWT validation pipeline as Login (including jwt.UserID == peer.UserID check),
+  // but does not redo the network-map sync. Only valid for SSO-registered peers where
+  // login expiration is enabled. The tunnel remains up.
+  // EncryptedMessage of the request has a body of ExtendAuthSessionRequest.
+  // EncryptedMessage of the response has a body of ExtendAuthSessionResponse.
+  rpc ExtendAuthSession(EncryptedMessage) returns (EncryptedMessage) {}
+
   // CreateExpose creates a temporary reverse proxy service for a peer
   rpc CreateExpose(EncryptedMessage) returns (EncryptedMessage) {}
 
@@ -133,6 +141,15 @@ message SyncResponse {
 
   // Posture checks to be evaluated by client
   repeated Checks Checks = 6;
+
+  // 3-state session deadline. Carried on every Sync snapshot so admin-side
+  // changes propagate live without a client reconnect.
+  //   field unset (nil)        → snapshot carries no info; client keeps the
+  //                              deadline it already had
+  //   set, seconds=0 nanos=0   → explicit "expiry disabled" or peer is not
+  //                              SSO-registered; client clears its anchor
+  //   set, valid timestamp     → new absolute UTC deadline
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp sessionExpiresAt = 7;
 }
 
 message  SyncMetaRequest {
@@ -244,6 +261,31 @@ message LoginResponse {
   PeerConfig peerConfig = 2;
   // Posture checks to be evaluated by client
   repeated Checks Checks = 3;
+
+  // 3-state session deadline; same encoding as SyncResponse.sessionExpiresAt.
+  //   field unset (nil)        → no info; client keeps any deadline it had
+  //   set, seconds=0 nanos=0   → explicit "expiry disabled" / non-SSO peer
+  //   set, valid timestamp     → new absolute UTC deadline
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp sessionExpiresAt = 4;
+}
+
+// ExtendAuthSessionRequest carries a fresh JWT to refresh the peer's session deadline.
+// The encrypted body of an EncryptedMessage with this payload is sent to the
+// ExtendAuthSession RPC.
+message ExtendAuthSessionRequest {
+  // SSO token (must be a fresh, valid JWT for the peer's owning user)
+  string jwtToken = 1;
+  // Meta data of the peer (used for IdP user info refresh consistent with Login)
+  PeerSystemMeta meta = 2;
+}
+
+// ExtendAuthSessionResponse contains the refreshed session deadline.
+message ExtendAuthSessionResponse {
+  // 3-state session deadline; same encoding as SyncResponse.sessionExpiresAt.
+  // In practice ExtendAuthSession only succeeds for SSO peers with expiry
+  // enabled, so this carries a valid timestamp on the success path. The
+  // 3-state encoding is documented here for symmetry with Login/Sync.
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp sessionExpiresAt = 1;
 }
 
 message ServerKeyResponse {
diff --git a/shared/management/proto/management_grpc.pb.go b/shared/management/proto/management_grpc.pb.go
index 39a342041..ce98e4019 100644
--- a/shared/management/proto/management_grpc.pb.go
+++ b/shared/management/proto/management_grpc.pb.go
@@ -52,6 +52,13 @@ type ManagementServiceClient interface {
 	Logout(ctx context.Context, in *EncryptedMessage, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*Empty, error)
 	// Executes a job on a target peer (e.g., debug bundle)
 	Job(ctx context.Context, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (ManagementService_JobClient, error)
+	// ExtendAuthSession refreshes the peer's session expiry deadline using a fresh JWT.
+	// Same JWT validation pipeline as Login (including jwt.UserID == peer.UserID check),
+	// but does not redo the network-map sync. Only valid for SSO-registered peers where
+	// login expiration is enabled. The tunnel remains up.
+	// EncryptedMessage of the request has a body of ExtendAuthSessionRequest.
+	// EncryptedMessage of the response has a body of ExtendAuthSessionResponse.
+	ExtendAuthSession(ctx context.Context, in *EncryptedMessage, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*EncryptedMessage, error)
 	// CreateExpose creates a temporary reverse proxy service for a peer
 	CreateExpose(ctx context.Context, in *EncryptedMessage, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*EncryptedMessage, error)
 	// RenewExpose extends the TTL of an active expose session
@@ -194,6 +201,15 @@ func (x *managementServiceJobClient) Recv() (*EncryptedMessage, error) {
 	return m, nil
 }
 
+func (c *managementServiceClient) ExtendAuthSession(ctx context.Context, in *EncryptedMessage, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*EncryptedMessage, error) {
+	out := new(EncryptedMessage)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/management.ManagementService/ExtendAuthSession", in, out, opts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
 func (c *managementServiceClient) CreateExpose(ctx context.Context, in *EncryptedMessage, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*EncryptedMessage, error) {
 	out := new(EncryptedMessage)
 	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/management.ManagementService/CreateExpose", in, out, opts...)
@@ -259,6 +275,13 @@ type ManagementServiceServer interface {
 	Logout(context.Context, *EncryptedMessage) (*Empty, error)
 	// Executes a job on a target peer (e.g., debug bundle)
 	Job(ManagementService_JobServer) error
+	// ExtendAuthSession refreshes the peer's session expiry deadline using a fresh JWT.
+	// Same JWT validation pipeline as Login (including jwt.UserID == peer.UserID check),
+	// but does not redo the network-map sync. Only valid for SSO-registered peers where
+	// login expiration is enabled. The tunnel remains up.
+	// EncryptedMessage of the request has a body of ExtendAuthSessionRequest.
+	// EncryptedMessage of the response has a body of ExtendAuthSessionResponse.
+	ExtendAuthSession(context.Context, *EncryptedMessage) (*EncryptedMessage, error)
 	// CreateExpose creates a temporary reverse proxy service for a peer
 	CreateExpose(context.Context, *EncryptedMessage) (*EncryptedMessage, error)
 	// RenewExpose extends the TTL of an active expose session
@@ -299,6 +322,9 @@ func (UnimplementedManagementServiceServer) Logout(context.Context, *EncryptedMe
 func (UnimplementedManagementServiceServer) Job(ManagementService_JobServer) error {
 	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method Job not implemented")
 }
+func (UnimplementedManagementServiceServer) ExtendAuthSession(context.Context, *EncryptedMessage) (*EncryptedMessage, error) {
+	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ExtendAuthSession not implemented")
+}
 func (UnimplementedManagementServiceServer) CreateExpose(context.Context, *EncryptedMessage) (*EncryptedMessage, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method CreateExpose not implemented")
 }
@@ -494,6 +520,24 @@ func (x *managementServiceJobServer) Recv() (*EncryptedMessage, error) {
 	return m, nil
 }
 
+func _ManagementService_ExtendAuthSession_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(EncryptedMessage)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(ManagementServiceServer).ExtendAuthSession(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: "/management.ManagementService/ExtendAuthSession",
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(ManagementServiceServer).ExtendAuthSession(ctx, req.(*EncryptedMessage))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
 func _ManagementService_CreateExpose_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
 	in := new(EncryptedMessage)
 	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
@@ -583,6 +627,10 @@ var ManagementService_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			MethodName: "Logout",
 			Handler:    _ManagementService_Logout_Handler,
 		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "ExtendAuthSession",
+			Handler:    _ManagementService_ExtendAuthSession_Handler,
+		},
 		{
 			MethodName: "CreateExpose",
 			Handler:    _ManagementService_CreateExpose_Handler,
diff --git a/shared/management/proto/proxy_service.pb.go b/shared/management/proto/proxy_service.pb.go
index a3a5e4588..22c215074 100644
--- a/shared/management/proto/proxy_service.pb.go
+++ b/shared/management/proto/proxy_service.pb.go
@@ -188,6 +188,13 @@ type ProxyCapabilities struct {
 	RequireSubdomain *bool `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=require_subdomain,json=requireSubdomain,proto3,oneof" json:"require_subdomain,omitempty"`
 	// Whether the proxy has CrowdSec configured and can enforce IP reputation checks.
 	SupportsCrowdsec *bool `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=supports_crowdsec,json=supportsCrowdsec,proto3,oneof" json:"supports_crowdsec,omitempty"`
+	// Whether the proxy is running embedded in the netbird client and serving
+	// exclusively over the WireGuard tunnel (i.e. `netbird proxy` rather than
+	// the standalone netbird-proxy binary). Surfaces upstream so dashboards can
+	// distinguish per-peer / private clusters from centralised ones.
+	Private *bool `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=private,proto3,oneof" json:"private,omitempty"`
+	// Whether the proxy enforces ProxyMapping.private (fails closed on ValidateTunnelPeer failure). Management MUST NOT stream private mappings to proxies that don't claim this.
+	SupportsPrivateService *bool `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=supports_private_service,json=supportsPrivateService,proto3,oneof" json:"supports_private_service,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *ProxyCapabilities) Reset() {
@@ -243,6 +250,20 @@ func (x *ProxyCapabilities) GetSupportsCrowdsec() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+func (x *ProxyCapabilities) GetPrivate() bool {
+	if x != nil && x.Private != nil {
+		return *x.Private
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *ProxyCapabilities) GetSupportsPrivateService() bool {
+	if x != nil && x.SupportsPrivateService != nil {
+		return *x.SupportsPrivateService
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // GetMappingUpdateRequest is sent to initialise a mapping stream.
 type GetMappingUpdateRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
@@ -396,6 +417,11 @@ type PathTargetOptions struct {
 	ProxyProtocol bool `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=proxy_protocol,json=proxyProtocol,proto3" json:"proxy_protocol,omitempty"`
 	// Idle timeout before a UDP session is reaped.
 	SessionIdleTimeout *durationpb.Duration `protobuf:"bytes,6,opt,name=session_idle_timeout,json=sessionIdleTimeout,proto3" json:"session_idle_timeout,omitempty"`
+	// When true, the proxy dials this target via the host's network stack
+	// instead of through the embedded NetBird client. Useful for upstreams
+	// reachable without WireGuard (public APIs, LAN services, localhost
+	// sidecars). Defaults to false — embedded client is the standard path.
+	DirectUpstream bool `protobuf:"varint,7,opt,name=direct_upstream,json=directUpstream,proto3" json:"direct_upstream,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *PathTargetOptions) Reset() {
@@ -472,6 +498,13 @@ func (x *PathTargetOptions) GetSessionIdleTimeout() *durationpb.Duration {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *PathTargetOptions) GetDirectUpstream() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.DirectUpstream
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 type PathMapping struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -782,6 +815,8 @@ type ProxyMapping struct {
 	// For L4/TLS: the port the proxy listens on.
 	ListenPort         int32               `protobuf:"varint,11,opt,name=listen_port,json=listenPort,proto3" json:"listen_port,omitempty"`
 	AccessRestrictions *AccessRestrictions `protobuf:"bytes,12,opt,name=access_restrictions,json=accessRestrictions,proto3" json:"access_restrictions,omitempty"`
+	// NetBird-only: the proxy MUST call ValidateTunnelPeer and fail closed; operator auth schemes are bypassed.
+	Private bool `protobuf:"varint,13,opt,name=private,proto3" json:"private,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *ProxyMapping) Reset() {
@@ -900,6 +935,13 @@ func (x *ProxyMapping) GetAccessRestrictions() *AccessRestrictions {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *ProxyMapping) GetPrivate() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Private
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // SendAccessLogRequest consists of one or more AccessLogs from a Proxy.
 type SendAccessLogRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
@@ -1489,6 +1531,11 @@ type SendStatusUpdateRequest struct {
 	Status            ProxyStatus `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=status,proto3,enum=management.ProxyStatus" json:"status,omitempty"`
 	CertificateIssued bool        `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=certificate_issued,json=certificateIssued,proto3" json:"certificate_issued,omitempty"`
 	ErrorMessage      *string     `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=error_message,json=errorMessage,proto3,oneof" json:"error_message,omitempty"`
+	// Per-account inbound listener state for the account that owns
+	// service_id. Populated only when --private-inbound is enabled and the
+	// embedded client for the account is up. Field numbers >=50 reserved
+	// for observability extensions.
+	InboundListener *ProxyInboundListener `protobuf:"bytes,50,opt,name=inbound_listener,json=inboundListener,proto3,oneof" json:"inbound_listener,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *SendStatusUpdateRequest) Reset() {
@@ -1558,6 +1605,84 @@ func (x *SendStatusUpdateRequest) GetErrorMessage() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (x *SendStatusUpdateRequest) GetInboundListener() *ProxyInboundListener {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.InboundListener
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ProxyInboundListener describes a per-account inbound listener that the
+// proxy has bound on the embedded netstack of the account's WireGuard
+// client. Surfaced so dashboards can render "this account is reachable
+// at <tunnel_ip>:<https_port> on this proxy".
+type ProxyInboundListener struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// Tunnel IP the embedded netstack listens on. Same address other peers
+	// in the account see for the proxy peer.
+	TunnelIp string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=tunnel_ip,json=tunnelIp,proto3" json:"tunnel_ip,omitempty"`
+	// TLS port served on tunnel_ip (auto-detected, default 443).
+	HttpsPort uint32 `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=https_port,json=httpsPort,proto3" json:"https_port,omitempty"`
+	// Plain-HTTP port served on tunnel_ip (auto-detected, default 80).
+	HttpPort uint32 `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=http_port,json=httpPort,proto3" json:"http_port,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *ProxyInboundListener) Reset() {
+	*x = ProxyInboundListener{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[18]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *ProxyInboundListener) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*ProxyInboundListener) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *ProxyInboundListener) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[18]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use ProxyInboundListener.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*ProxyInboundListener) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{18}
+}
+
+func (x *ProxyInboundListener) GetTunnelIp() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.TunnelIp
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *ProxyInboundListener) GetHttpsPort() uint32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.HttpsPort
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *ProxyInboundListener) GetHttpPort() uint32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.HttpPort
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
 // SendStatusUpdateResponse is intentionally empty to allow for future expansion
 type SendStatusUpdateResponse struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
@@ -1568,7 +1693,7 @@ type SendStatusUpdateResponse struct {
 func (x *SendStatusUpdateResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = SendStatusUpdateResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[18]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[19]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1581,7 +1706,7 @@ func (x *SendStatusUpdateResponse) String() string {
 func (*SendStatusUpdateResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SendStatusUpdateResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[18]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[19]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1594,7 +1719,7 @@ func (x *SendStatusUpdateResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SendStatusUpdateResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SendStatusUpdateResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{18}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{19}
 }
 
 // CreateProxyPeerRequest is sent by the proxy to create a peer connection
@@ -1614,7 +1739,7 @@ type CreateProxyPeerRequest struct {
 func (x *CreateProxyPeerRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = CreateProxyPeerRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[19]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[20]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1627,7 +1752,7 @@ func (x *CreateProxyPeerRequest) String() string {
 func (*CreateProxyPeerRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *CreateProxyPeerRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[19]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[20]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1640,7 +1765,7 @@ func (x *CreateProxyPeerRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use CreateProxyPeerRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*CreateProxyPeerRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{19}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{20}
 }
 
 func (x *CreateProxyPeerRequest) GetServiceId() string {
@@ -1691,7 +1816,7 @@ type CreateProxyPeerResponse struct {
 func (x *CreateProxyPeerResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = CreateProxyPeerResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[20]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[21]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1704,7 +1829,7 @@ func (x *CreateProxyPeerResponse) String() string {
 func (*CreateProxyPeerResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *CreateProxyPeerResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[20]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[21]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1717,7 +1842,7 @@ func (x *CreateProxyPeerResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use CreateProxyPeerResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*CreateProxyPeerResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{20}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{21}
 }
 
 func (x *CreateProxyPeerResponse) GetSuccess() bool {
@@ -1747,7 +1872,7 @@ type GetOIDCURLRequest struct {
 func (x *GetOIDCURLRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = GetOIDCURLRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[21]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[22]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1760,7 +1885,7 @@ func (x *GetOIDCURLRequest) String() string {
 func (*GetOIDCURLRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *GetOIDCURLRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[21]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[22]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1773,7 +1898,7 @@ func (x *GetOIDCURLRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use GetOIDCURLRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*GetOIDCURLRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{21}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{22}
 }
 
 func (x *GetOIDCURLRequest) GetId() string {
@@ -1808,7 +1933,7 @@ type GetOIDCURLResponse struct {
 func (x *GetOIDCURLResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = GetOIDCURLResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[22]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[23]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1821,7 +1946,7 @@ func (x *GetOIDCURLResponse) String() string {
 func (*GetOIDCURLResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *GetOIDCURLResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[22]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[23]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1834,7 +1959,7 @@ func (x *GetOIDCURLResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use GetOIDCURLResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*GetOIDCURLResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{22}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{23}
 }
 
 func (x *GetOIDCURLResponse) GetUrl() string {
@@ -1856,7 +1981,7 @@ type ValidateSessionRequest struct {
 func (x *ValidateSessionRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = ValidateSessionRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[23]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[24]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1869,7 +1994,7 @@ func (x *ValidateSessionRequest) String() string {
 func (*ValidateSessionRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ValidateSessionRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[23]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[24]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1882,7 +2007,7 @@ func (x *ValidateSessionRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ValidateSessionRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ValidateSessionRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{23}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{24}
 }
 
 func (x *ValidateSessionRequest) GetDomain() string {
@@ -1908,12 +2033,21 @@ type ValidateSessionResponse struct {
 	UserId       string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=user_id,json=userId,proto3" json:"user_id,omitempty"`
 	UserEmail    string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=user_email,json=userEmail,proto3" json:"user_email,omitempty"`
 	DeniedReason string `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=denied_reason,json=deniedReason,proto3" json:"denied_reason,omitempty"`
+	// peer_group_ids carries the calling user's group memberships so the
+	// proxy can authorise policy-aware middlewares without an additional
+	// management round-trip.
+	PeerGroupIds []string `protobuf:"bytes,5,rep,name=peer_group_ids,json=peerGroupIds,proto3" json:"peer_group_ids,omitempty"`
+	// peer_group_names carries the human-readable display names for the
+	// ids in peer_group_ids, ordered identically (positional pairing).
+	// Stamped onto upstream requests as X-NetBird-Groups so downstream
+	// services can read names rather than opaque ids.
+	PeerGroupNames []string `protobuf:"bytes,6,rep,name=peer_group_names,json=peerGroupNames,proto3" json:"peer_group_names,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *ValidateSessionResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = ValidateSessionResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[24]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[25]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1926,7 +2060,7 @@ func (x *ValidateSessionResponse) String() string {
 func (*ValidateSessionResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ValidateSessionResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[24]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[25]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1939,7 +2073,7 @@ func (x *ValidateSessionResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ValidateSessionResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ValidateSessionResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{24}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{25}
 }
 
 func (x *ValidateSessionResponse) GetValid() bool {
@@ -1970,6 +2104,193 @@ func (x *ValidateSessionResponse) GetDeniedReason() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (x *ValidateSessionResponse) GetPeerGroupIds() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PeerGroupIds
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateSessionResponse) GetPeerGroupNames() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PeerGroupNames
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ValidateTunnelPeerRequest carries the inbound peer's tunnel IP and the
+// service domain whose group requirements should gate access. The calling
+// account is inferred from the proxy's gRPC metadata (ProxyToken).
+type ValidateTunnelPeerRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	TunnelIp string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=tunnel_ip,json=tunnelIp,proto3" json:"tunnel_ip,omitempty"`
+	Domain   string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=domain,proto3" json:"domain,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = ValidateTunnelPeerRequest{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[26]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[26]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use ValidateTunnelPeerRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{26}
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) GetTunnelIp() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.TunnelIp
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) GetDomain() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Domain
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// ValidateTunnelPeerResponse mirrors ValidateSessionResponse plus a freshly
+// minted session_token: when valid is true, the proxy installs the token as
+// a session cookie so subsequent requests skip the management round-trip,
+// matching the OIDC flow's UX. denied_reason values:
+//
+//	"peer_not_found" — no peer with that tunnel IP in the calling account
+//	"no_user"        — peer exists but is not bound to a user
+//	"service_not_found"
+//	"account_mismatch"
+//	"not_in_group"   — peer resolved but not in service.access_groups
+type ValidateTunnelPeerResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	Valid        bool   `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=valid,proto3" json:"valid,omitempty"`
+	UserId       string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=user_id,json=userId,proto3" json:"user_id,omitempty"`
+	UserEmail    string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=user_email,json=userEmail,proto3" json:"user_email,omitempty"`
+	DeniedReason string `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=denied_reason,json=deniedReason,proto3" json:"denied_reason,omitempty"`
+	// session_token is set only when valid is true. Same shape as the JWT
+	// the OIDC flow produces — proxy installs it via setSessionCookie so the
+	// tunnel fast-path is indistinguishable from OIDC for subsequent requests.
+	SessionToken string `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=session_token,json=sessionToken,proto3" json:"session_token,omitempty"`
+	// peer_group_ids carries the resolved peer's user group memberships so
+	// the proxy can authorise policy-aware middlewares without an additional
+	// management round-trip.
+	PeerGroupIds []string `protobuf:"bytes,6,rep,name=peer_group_ids,json=peerGroupIds,proto3" json:"peer_group_ids,omitempty"`
+	// peer_group_names carries the human-readable display names for the
+	// ids in peer_group_ids, ordered identically (positional pairing).
+	// Stamped onto upstream requests as X-NetBird-Groups so downstream
+	// services can read names rather than opaque ids.
+	PeerGroupNames []string `protobuf:"bytes,7,rep,name=peer_group_names,json=peerGroupNames,proto3" json:"peer_group_names,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[27]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[27]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use ValidateTunnelPeerResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{27}
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) GetValid() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Valid
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) GetUserId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.UserId
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) GetUserEmail() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.UserEmail
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) GetDeniedReason() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.DeniedReason
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) GetSessionToken() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SessionToken
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) GetPeerGroupIds() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PeerGroupIds
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) GetPeerGroupNames() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PeerGroupNames
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // SyncMappingsRequest is sent by the proxy on the bidirectional SyncMappings
 // stream. The first message MUST be an init; all subsequent messages MUST be
 // acks.
@@ -1988,7 +2309,7 @@ type SyncMappingsRequest struct {
 func (x *SyncMappingsRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = SyncMappingsRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[25]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[28]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2001,7 +2322,7 @@ func (x *SyncMappingsRequest) String() string {
 func (*SyncMappingsRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SyncMappingsRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[25]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[28]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2014,7 +2335,7 @@ func (x *SyncMappingsRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SyncMappingsRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SyncMappingsRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{25}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{28}
 }
 
 func (m *SyncMappingsRequest) GetMsg() isSyncMappingsRequest_Msg {
@@ -2071,7 +2392,7 @@ type SyncMappingsInit struct {
 func (x *SyncMappingsInit) Reset() {
 	*x = SyncMappingsInit{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[26]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[29]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2084,7 +2405,7 @@ func (x *SyncMappingsInit) String() string {
 func (*SyncMappingsInit) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SyncMappingsInit) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[26]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[29]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2097,7 +2418,7 @@ func (x *SyncMappingsInit) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SyncMappingsInit.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SyncMappingsInit) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{26}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{29}
 }
 
 func (x *SyncMappingsInit) GetProxyId() string {
@@ -2146,7 +2467,7 @@ type SyncMappingsAck struct {
 func (x *SyncMappingsAck) Reset() {
 	*x = SyncMappingsAck{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[27]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[30]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2159,7 +2480,7 @@ func (x *SyncMappingsAck) String() string {
 func (*SyncMappingsAck) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SyncMappingsAck) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[27]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[30]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2172,7 +2493,7 @@ func (x *SyncMappingsAck) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SyncMappingsAck.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SyncMappingsAck) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{27}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{30}
 }
 
 // SyncMappingsResponse is a batch of mappings sent by management.
@@ -2190,7 +2511,7 @@ type SyncMappingsResponse struct {
 func (x *SyncMappingsResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = SyncMappingsResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[28]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[31]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2203,7 +2524,7 @@ func (x *SyncMappingsResponse) String() string {
 func (*SyncMappingsResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SyncMappingsResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[28]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[31]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2216,7 +2537,7 @@ func (x *SyncMappingsResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SyncMappingsResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SyncMappingsResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{28}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{31}
 }
 
 func (x *SyncMappingsResponse) GetMapping() []*ProxyMapping {
@@ -2242,7 +2563,7 @@ var file_proxy_service_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
 	0x75, 0x66, 0x2f, 0x64, 0x75, 0x72, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74,
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@@ -2253,59 +2574,70 @@ var file_proxy_service_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
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 }
 
@@ -2634,53 +3014,56 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
 }
 
 var file_proxy_service_proto_enumTypes = make([]protoimpl.EnumInfo, 3)
-var file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 31)
+var file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 34)
 var file_proxy_service_proto_goTypes = []interface{}{
-	(ProxyMappingUpdateType)(0),      // 0: management.ProxyMappingUpdateType
-	(PathRewriteMode)(0),             // 1: management.PathRewriteMode
-	(ProxyStatus)(0),                 // 2: management.ProxyStatus
-	(*ProxyCapabilities)(nil),        // 3: management.ProxyCapabilities
-	(*GetMappingUpdateRequest)(nil),  // 4: management.GetMappingUpdateRequest
-	(*GetMappingUpdateResponse)(nil), // 5: management.GetMappingUpdateResponse
-	(*PathTargetOptions)(nil),        // 6: management.PathTargetOptions
-	(*PathMapping)(nil),              // 7: management.PathMapping
-	(*HeaderAuth)(nil),               // 8: management.HeaderAuth
-	(*Authentication)(nil),           // 9: management.Authentication
-	(*AccessRestrictions)(nil),       // 10: management.AccessRestrictions
-	(*ProxyMapping)(nil),             // 11: management.ProxyMapping
-	(*SendAccessLogRequest)(nil),     // 12: management.SendAccessLogRequest
-	(*SendAccessLogResponse)(nil),    // 13: management.SendAccessLogResponse
-	(*AccessLog)(nil),                // 14: management.AccessLog
-	(*AuthenticateRequest)(nil),      // 15: management.AuthenticateRequest
-	(*HeaderAuthRequest)(nil),        // 16: management.HeaderAuthRequest
-	(*PasswordRequest)(nil),          // 17: management.PasswordRequest
-	(*PinRequest)(nil),               // 18: management.PinRequest
-	(*AuthenticateResponse)(nil),     // 19: management.AuthenticateResponse
-	(*SendStatusUpdateRequest)(nil),  // 20: management.SendStatusUpdateRequest
-	(*SendStatusUpdateResponse)(nil), // 21: management.SendStatusUpdateResponse
-	(*CreateProxyPeerRequest)(nil),   // 22: management.CreateProxyPeerRequest
-	(*CreateProxyPeerResponse)(nil),  // 23: management.CreateProxyPeerResponse
-	(*GetOIDCURLRequest)(nil),        // 24: management.GetOIDCURLRequest
-	(*GetOIDCURLResponse)(nil),       // 25: management.GetOIDCURLResponse
-	(*ValidateSessionRequest)(nil),   // 26: management.ValidateSessionRequest
-	(*ValidateSessionResponse)(nil),  // 27: management.ValidateSessionResponse
-	(*SyncMappingsRequest)(nil),      // 28: management.SyncMappingsRequest
-	(*SyncMappingsInit)(nil),         // 29: management.SyncMappingsInit
-	(*SyncMappingsAck)(nil),          // 30: management.SyncMappingsAck
-	(*SyncMappingsResponse)(nil),     // 31: management.SyncMappingsResponse
-	nil,                              // 32: management.PathTargetOptions.CustomHeadersEntry
-	nil,                              // 33: management.AccessLog.MetadataEntry
-	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),    // 34: google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	(*durationpb.Duration)(nil),      // 35: google.protobuf.Duration
+	(ProxyMappingUpdateType)(0),        // 0: management.ProxyMappingUpdateType
+	(PathRewriteMode)(0),               // 1: management.PathRewriteMode
+	(ProxyStatus)(0),                   // 2: management.ProxyStatus
+	(*ProxyCapabilities)(nil),          // 3: management.ProxyCapabilities
+	(*GetMappingUpdateRequest)(nil),    // 4: management.GetMappingUpdateRequest
+	(*GetMappingUpdateResponse)(nil),   // 5: management.GetMappingUpdateResponse
+	(*PathTargetOptions)(nil),          // 6: management.PathTargetOptions
+	(*PathMapping)(nil),                // 7: management.PathMapping
+	(*HeaderAuth)(nil),                 // 8: management.HeaderAuth
+	(*Authentication)(nil),             // 9: management.Authentication
+	(*AccessRestrictions)(nil),         // 10: management.AccessRestrictions
+	(*ProxyMapping)(nil),               // 11: management.ProxyMapping
+	(*SendAccessLogRequest)(nil),       // 12: management.SendAccessLogRequest
+	(*SendAccessLogResponse)(nil),      // 13: management.SendAccessLogResponse
+	(*AccessLog)(nil),                  // 14: management.AccessLog
+	(*AuthenticateRequest)(nil),        // 15: management.AuthenticateRequest
+	(*HeaderAuthRequest)(nil),          // 16: management.HeaderAuthRequest
+	(*PasswordRequest)(nil),            // 17: management.PasswordRequest
+	(*PinRequest)(nil),                 // 18: management.PinRequest
+	(*AuthenticateResponse)(nil),       // 19: management.AuthenticateResponse
+	(*SendStatusUpdateRequest)(nil),    // 20: management.SendStatusUpdateRequest
+	(*ProxyInboundListener)(nil),       // 21: management.ProxyInboundListener
+	(*SendStatusUpdateResponse)(nil),   // 22: management.SendStatusUpdateResponse
+	(*CreateProxyPeerRequest)(nil),     // 23: management.CreateProxyPeerRequest
+	(*CreateProxyPeerResponse)(nil),    // 24: management.CreateProxyPeerResponse
+	(*GetOIDCURLRequest)(nil),          // 25: management.GetOIDCURLRequest
+	(*GetOIDCURLResponse)(nil),         // 26: management.GetOIDCURLResponse
+	(*ValidateSessionRequest)(nil),     // 27: management.ValidateSessionRequest
+	(*ValidateSessionResponse)(nil),    // 28: management.ValidateSessionResponse
+	(*ValidateTunnelPeerRequest)(nil),  // 29: management.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest
+	(*ValidateTunnelPeerResponse)(nil), // 30: management.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse
+	(*SyncMappingsRequest)(nil),        // 31: management.SyncMappingsRequest
+	(*SyncMappingsInit)(nil),           // 32: management.SyncMappingsInit
+	(*SyncMappingsAck)(nil),            // 33: management.SyncMappingsAck
+	(*SyncMappingsResponse)(nil),       // 34: management.SyncMappingsResponse
+	nil,                                // 35: management.PathTargetOptions.CustomHeadersEntry
+	nil,                                // 36: management.AccessLog.MetadataEntry
+	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),      // 37: google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	(*durationpb.Duration)(nil),        // 38: google.protobuf.Duration
 }
 var file_proxy_service_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
-	34, // 0: management.GetMappingUpdateRequest.started_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	37, // 0: management.GetMappingUpdateRequest.started_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
 	3,  // 1: management.GetMappingUpdateRequest.capabilities:type_name -> management.ProxyCapabilities
 	11, // 2: management.GetMappingUpdateResponse.mapping:type_name -> management.ProxyMapping
-	35, // 3: management.PathTargetOptions.request_timeout:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	38, // 3: management.PathTargetOptions.request_timeout:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
 	1,  // 4: management.PathTargetOptions.path_rewrite:type_name -> management.PathRewriteMode
-	32, // 5: management.PathTargetOptions.custom_headers:type_name -> management.PathTargetOptions.CustomHeadersEntry
-	35, // 6: management.PathTargetOptions.session_idle_timeout:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	35, // 5: management.PathTargetOptions.custom_headers:type_name -> management.PathTargetOptions.CustomHeadersEntry
+	38, // 6: management.PathTargetOptions.session_idle_timeout:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
 	6,  // 7: management.PathMapping.options:type_name -> management.PathTargetOptions
 	8,  // 8: management.Authentication.header_auths:type_name -> management.HeaderAuth
 	0,  // 9: management.ProxyMapping.type:type_name -> management.ProxyMappingUpdateType
@@ -2688,38 +3071,41 @@ var file_proxy_service_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	9,  // 11: management.ProxyMapping.auth:type_name -> management.Authentication
 	10, // 12: management.ProxyMapping.access_restrictions:type_name -> management.AccessRestrictions
 	14, // 13: management.SendAccessLogRequest.log:type_name -> management.AccessLog
-	34, // 14: management.AccessLog.timestamp:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	33, // 15: management.AccessLog.metadata:type_name -> management.AccessLog.MetadataEntry
+	37, // 14: management.AccessLog.timestamp:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	36, // 15: management.AccessLog.metadata:type_name -> management.AccessLog.MetadataEntry
 	17, // 16: management.AuthenticateRequest.password:type_name -> management.PasswordRequest
 	18, // 17: management.AuthenticateRequest.pin:type_name -> management.PinRequest
 	16, // 18: management.AuthenticateRequest.header_auth:type_name -> management.HeaderAuthRequest
 	2,  // 19: management.SendStatusUpdateRequest.status:type_name -> management.ProxyStatus
-	29, // 20: management.SyncMappingsRequest.init:type_name -> management.SyncMappingsInit
-	30, // 21: management.SyncMappingsRequest.ack:type_name -> management.SyncMappingsAck
-	34, // 22: management.SyncMappingsInit.started_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	3,  // 23: management.SyncMappingsInit.capabilities:type_name -> management.ProxyCapabilities
-	11, // 24: management.SyncMappingsResponse.mapping:type_name -> management.ProxyMapping
-	4,  // 25: management.ProxyService.GetMappingUpdate:input_type -> management.GetMappingUpdateRequest
-	28, // 26: management.ProxyService.SyncMappings:input_type -> management.SyncMappingsRequest
-	12, // 27: management.ProxyService.SendAccessLog:input_type -> management.SendAccessLogRequest
-	15, // 28: management.ProxyService.Authenticate:input_type -> management.AuthenticateRequest
-	20, // 29: management.ProxyService.SendStatusUpdate:input_type -> management.SendStatusUpdateRequest
-	22, // 30: management.ProxyService.CreateProxyPeer:input_type -> management.CreateProxyPeerRequest
-	24, // 31: management.ProxyService.GetOIDCURL:input_type -> management.GetOIDCURLRequest
-	26, // 32: management.ProxyService.ValidateSession:input_type -> management.ValidateSessionRequest
-	5,  // 33: management.ProxyService.GetMappingUpdate:output_type -> management.GetMappingUpdateResponse
-	31, // 34: management.ProxyService.SyncMappings:output_type -> management.SyncMappingsResponse
-	13, // 35: management.ProxyService.SendAccessLog:output_type -> management.SendAccessLogResponse
-	19, // 36: management.ProxyService.Authenticate:output_type -> management.AuthenticateResponse
-	21, // 37: management.ProxyService.SendStatusUpdate:output_type -> management.SendStatusUpdateResponse
-	23, // 38: management.ProxyService.CreateProxyPeer:output_type -> management.CreateProxyPeerResponse
-	25, // 39: management.ProxyService.GetOIDCURL:output_type -> management.GetOIDCURLResponse
-	27, // 40: management.ProxyService.ValidateSession:output_type -> management.ValidateSessionResponse
-	33, // [33:41] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	25, // [25:33] is the sub-list for method input_type
-	25, // [25:25] is the sub-list for extension type_name
-	25, // [25:25] is the sub-list for extension extendee
-	0,  // [0:25] is the sub-list for field type_name
+	21, // 20: management.SendStatusUpdateRequest.inbound_listener:type_name -> management.ProxyInboundListener
+	32, // 21: management.SyncMappingsRequest.init:type_name -> management.SyncMappingsInit
+	33, // 22: management.SyncMappingsRequest.ack:type_name -> management.SyncMappingsAck
+	37, // 23: management.SyncMappingsInit.started_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	3,  // 24: management.SyncMappingsInit.capabilities:type_name -> management.ProxyCapabilities
+	11, // 25: management.SyncMappingsResponse.mapping:type_name -> management.ProxyMapping
+	4,  // 26: management.ProxyService.GetMappingUpdate:input_type -> management.GetMappingUpdateRequest
+	31, // 27: management.ProxyService.SyncMappings:input_type -> management.SyncMappingsRequest
+	12, // 28: management.ProxyService.SendAccessLog:input_type -> management.SendAccessLogRequest
+	15, // 29: management.ProxyService.Authenticate:input_type -> management.AuthenticateRequest
+	20, // 30: management.ProxyService.SendStatusUpdate:input_type -> management.SendStatusUpdateRequest
+	23, // 31: management.ProxyService.CreateProxyPeer:input_type -> management.CreateProxyPeerRequest
+	25, // 32: management.ProxyService.GetOIDCURL:input_type -> management.GetOIDCURLRequest
+	27, // 33: management.ProxyService.ValidateSession:input_type -> management.ValidateSessionRequest
+	29, // 34: management.ProxyService.ValidateTunnelPeer:input_type -> management.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest
+	5,  // 35: management.ProxyService.GetMappingUpdate:output_type -> management.GetMappingUpdateResponse
+	34, // 36: management.ProxyService.SyncMappings:output_type -> management.SyncMappingsResponse
+	13, // 37: management.ProxyService.SendAccessLog:output_type -> management.SendAccessLogResponse
+	19, // 38: management.ProxyService.Authenticate:output_type -> management.AuthenticateResponse
+	22, // 39: management.ProxyService.SendStatusUpdate:output_type -> management.SendStatusUpdateResponse
+	24, // 40: management.ProxyService.CreateProxyPeer:output_type -> management.CreateProxyPeerResponse
+	26, // 41: management.ProxyService.GetOIDCURL:output_type -> management.GetOIDCURLResponse
+	28, // 42: management.ProxyService.ValidateSession:output_type -> management.ValidateSessionResponse
+	30, // 43: management.ProxyService.ValidateTunnelPeer:output_type -> management.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse
+	35, // [35:44] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	26, // [26:35] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	26, // [26:26] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	26, // [26:26] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0,  // [0:26] is the sub-list for field type_name
 }
 
 func init() { file_proxy_service_proto_init() }
@@ -2945,7 +3331,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[18].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*SendStatusUpdateResponse); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ProxyInboundListener); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2957,7 +3343,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[19].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*CreateProxyPeerRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*SendStatusUpdateResponse); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2969,7 +3355,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[20].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*CreateProxyPeerResponse); i {
+			switch v := v.(*CreateProxyPeerRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2981,7 +3367,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[21].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*GetOIDCURLRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*CreateProxyPeerResponse); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2993,7 +3379,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[22].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*GetOIDCURLResponse); i {
+			switch v := v.(*GetOIDCURLRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -3005,7 +3391,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[23].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*ValidateSessionRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*GetOIDCURLResponse); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -3017,7 +3403,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[24].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*ValidateSessionResponse); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ValidateSessionRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -3029,7 +3415,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[25].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*SyncMappingsRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ValidateSessionResponse); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -3041,7 +3427,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[26].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*SyncMappingsInit); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ValidateTunnelPeerRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -3053,7 +3439,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[27].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*SyncMappingsAck); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ValidateTunnelPeerResponse); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -3065,6 +3451,42 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[28].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*SyncMappingsRequest); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[29].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*SyncMappingsInit); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[30].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*SyncMappingsAck); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[31].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
 			switch v := v.(*SyncMappingsResponse); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
@@ -3084,8 +3506,8 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 		(*AuthenticateRequest_HeaderAuth)(nil),
 	}
 	file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[17].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{}
-	file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[20].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{}
-	file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[25].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{
+	file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[21].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{}
+	file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[28].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{
 		(*SyncMappingsRequest_Init)(nil),
 		(*SyncMappingsRequest_Ack)(nil),
 	}
@@ -3095,7 +3517,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
 			RawDescriptor: file_proxy_service_proto_rawDesc,
 			NumEnums:      3,
-			NumMessages:   31,
+			NumMessages:   34,
 			NumExtensions: 0,
 			NumServices:   1,
 		},
diff --git a/shared/management/proto/proxy_service.proto b/shared/management/proto/proxy_service.proto
index d1171b27e..14d188877 100644
--- a/shared/management/proto/proxy_service.proto
+++ b/shared/management/proto/proxy_service.proto
@@ -34,6 +34,15 @@ service ProxyService {
   // ValidateSession validates a session token and checks user access permissions.
   // Called by the proxy after receiving a session token from OIDC callback.
   rpc ValidateSession(ValidateSessionRequest) returns (ValidateSessionResponse);
+
+  // ValidateTunnelPeer resolves an inbound peer by its WireGuard tunnel IP and
+  // checks the resolved user's access against the service's access_groups.
+  // Acts as a fast-path equivalent of OIDC for requests originating on the
+  // netbird mesh: when the source IP maps to a known peer in the calling
+  // account and that peer is in the service's access_groups, the proxy can
+  // issue a session cookie without redirecting through the OIDC flow.
+  // Mirrors ValidateSession's response shape.
+  rpc ValidateTunnelPeer(ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) returns (ValidateTunnelPeerResponse);
 }
 
 // ProxyCapabilities describes what a proxy can handle.
@@ -45,6 +54,13 @@ message ProxyCapabilities {
   optional bool require_subdomain = 2;
   // Whether the proxy has CrowdSec configured and can enforce IP reputation checks.
   optional bool supports_crowdsec = 3;
+  // Whether the proxy is running embedded in the netbird client and serving
+  // exclusively over the WireGuard tunnel (i.e. `netbird proxy` rather than
+  // the standalone netbird-proxy binary). Surfaces upstream so dashboards can
+  // distinguish per-peer / private clusters from centralised ones.
+  optional bool private = 4;
+  // Whether the proxy enforces ProxyMapping.private (fails closed on ValidateTunnelPeer failure). Management MUST NOT stream private mappings to proxies that don't claim this.
+  optional bool supports_private_service = 5;
 }
 
 // GetMappingUpdateRequest is sent to initialise a mapping stream.
@@ -86,6 +102,11 @@ message PathTargetOptions {
   bool proxy_protocol = 5;
   // Idle timeout before a UDP session is reaped.
   google.protobuf.Duration session_idle_timeout = 6;
+  // When true, the proxy dials this target via the host's network stack
+  // instead of through the embedded NetBird client. Useful for upstreams
+  // reachable without WireGuard (public APIs, LAN services, localhost
+  // sidecars). Defaults to false — embedded client is the standard path.
+  bool direct_upstream = 7;
 }
 
 message PathMapping {
@@ -138,6 +159,8 @@ message ProxyMapping {
   // For L4/TLS: the port the proxy listens on.
   int32 listen_port = 11;
   AccessRestrictions access_restrictions = 12;
+  // NetBird-only: the proxy MUST call ValidateTunnelPeer and fail closed; operator auth schemes are bypassed.
+  bool private = 13;
 }
 
 // SendAccessLogRequest consists of one or more AccessLogs from a Proxy.
@@ -213,6 +236,25 @@ message SendStatusUpdateRequest {
   ProxyStatus status = 3;
   bool certificate_issued = 4;
   optional string error_message = 5;
+  // Per-account inbound listener state for the account that owns
+  // service_id. Populated only when --private is enabled and the
+  // embedded client for the account is up. Field numbers >=50 reserved
+  // for observability extensions.
+  optional ProxyInboundListener inbound_listener = 50;
+}
+
+// ProxyInboundListener describes a per-account inbound listener that the
+// proxy has bound on the embedded netstack of the account's WireGuard
+// client. Surfaced so dashboards can render "this account is reachable
+// at <tunnel_ip>:<https_port> on this proxy".
+message ProxyInboundListener {
+  // Tunnel IP the embedded netstack listens on. Same address other peers
+  // in the account see for the proxy peer.
+  string tunnel_ip = 1;
+  // TLS port served on tunnel_ip (auto-detected, default 443).
+  uint32 https_port = 2;
+  // Plain-HTTP port served on tunnel_ip (auto-detected, default 80).
+  uint32 http_port = 3;
 }
 
 // SendStatusUpdateResponse is intentionally empty to allow for future expansion
@@ -254,6 +296,52 @@ message ValidateSessionResponse {
   string user_id = 2;
   string user_email = 3;
   string denied_reason = 4;
+  // peer_group_ids carries the calling user's group memberships so the
+  // proxy can authorise policy-aware middlewares without an additional
+  // management round-trip.
+  repeated string peer_group_ids = 5;
+  // peer_group_names carries the human-readable display names for the
+  // ids in peer_group_ids, ordered identically (positional pairing).
+  // Stamped onto upstream requests as X-NetBird-Groups so downstream
+  // services can read names rather than opaque ids.
+  repeated string peer_group_names = 6;
+}
+
+// ValidateTunnelPeerRequest carries the inbound peer's tunnel IP and the
+// service domain whose group requirements should gate access. The calling
+// account is inferred from the proxy's gRPC metadata (ProxyToken).
+message ValidateTunnelPeerRequest {
+  string tunnel_ip = 1;
+  string domain = 2;
+}
+
+// ValidateTunnelPeerResponse mirrors ValidateSessionResponse plus a freshly
+// minted session_token: when valid is true, the proxy installs the token as
+// a session cookie so subsequent requests skip the management round-trip,
+// matching the OIDC flow's UX. denied_reason values:
+//   "peer_not_found" — no peer with that tunnel IP in the calling account
+//   "no_user"        — peer exists but is not bound to a user
+//   "service_not_found"
+//   "account_mismatch"
+//   "not_in_group"   — peer resolved but not in service.access_groups
+message ValidateTunnelPeerResponse {
+  bool valid = 1;
+  string user_id = 2;
+  string user_email = 3;
+  string denied_reason = 4;
+  // session_token is set only when valid is true. Same shape as the JWT
+  // the OIDC flow produces — proxy installs it via setSessionCookie so the
+  // tunnel fast-path is indistinguishable from OIDC for subsequent requests.
+  string session_token = 5;
+  // peer_group_ids carries the resolved peer's user group memberships so
+  // the proxy can authorise policy-aware middlewares without an additional
+  // management round-trip.
+  repeated string peer_group_ids = 6;
+  // peer_group_names carries the human-readable display names for the
+  // ids in peer_group_ids, ordered identically (positional pairing).
+  // Stamped onto upstream requests as X-NetBird-Groups so downstream
+  // services can read names rather than opaque ids.
+  repeated string peer_group_names = 7;
 }
 
 // SyncMappingsRequest is sent by the proxy on the bidirectional SyncMappings
@@ -287,3 +375,4 @@ message SyncMappingsResponse {
   // initial_sync_complete is set on the last message of the initial snapshot.
   bool initial_sync_complete = 2;
 }
+
diff --git a/shared/management/proto/proxy_service_grpc.pb.go b/shared/management/proto/proxy_service_grpc.pb.go
index fdc031ed7..40064fe61 100644
--- a/shared/management/proto/proxy_service_grpc.pb.go
+++ b/shared/management/proto/proxy_service_grpc.pb.go
@@ -35,6 +35,14 @@ type ProxyServiceClient interface {
 	// ValidateSession validates a session token and checks user access permissions.
 	// Called by the proxy after receiving a session token from OIDC callback.
 	ValidateSession(ctx context.Context, in *ValidateSessionRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ValidateSessionResponse, error)
+	// ValidateTunnelPeer resolves an inbound peer by its WireGuard tunnel IP and
+	// checks the resolved user's access against the service's access_groups.
+	// Acts as a fast-path equivalent of OIDC for requests originating on the
+	// netbird mesh: when the source IP maps to a known peer in the calling
+	// account and that peer is in the service's access_groups, the proxy can
+	// issue a session cookie without redirecting through the OIDC flow.
+	// Mirrors ValidateSession's response shape.
+	ValidateTunnelPeer(ctx context.Context, in *ValidateTunnelPeerRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error)
 }
 
 type proxyServiceClient struct {
@@ -162,6 +170,15 @@ func (c *proxyServiceClient) ValidateSession(ctx context.Context, in *ValidateSe
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+func (c *proxyServiceClient) ValidateTunnelPeer(ctx context.Context, in *ValidateTunnelPeerRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+	out := new(ValidateTunnelPeerResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/management.ProxyService/ValidateTunnelPeer", in, out, opts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
 // ProxyServiceServer is the server API for ProxyService service.
 // All implementations must embed UnimplementedProxyServiceServer
 // for forward compatibility
@@ -183,6 +200,14 @@ type ProxyServiceServer interface {
 	// ValidateSession validates a session token and checks user access permissions.
 	// Called by the proxy after receiving a session token from OIDC callback.
 	ValidateSession(context.Context, *ValidateSessionRequest) (*ValidateSessionResponse, error)
+	// ValidateTunnelPeer resolves an inbound peer by its WireGuard tunnel IP and
+	// checks the resolved user's access against the service's access_groups.
+	// Acts as a fast-path equivalent of OIDC for requests originating on the
+	// netbird mesh: when the source IP maps to a known peer in the calling
+	// account and that peer is in the service's access_groups, the proxy can
+	// issue a session cookie without redirecting through the OIDC flow.
+	// Mirrors ValidateSession's response shape.
+	ValidateTunnelPeer(context.Context, *ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error)
 	mustEmbedUnimplementedProxyServiceServer()
 }
 
@@ -214,6 +239,9 @@ func (UnimplementedProxyServiceServer) GetOIDCURL(context.Context, *GetOIDCURLRe
 func (UnimplementedProxyServiceServer) ValidateSession(context.Context, *ValidateSessionRequest) (*ValidateSessionResponse, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ValidateSession not implemented")
 }
+func (UnimplementedProxyServiceServer) ValidateTunnelPeer(context.Context, *ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ValidateTunnelPeer not implemented")
+}
 func (UnimplementedProxyServiceServer) mustEmbedUnimplementedProxyServiceServer() {}
 
 // UnsafeProxyServiceServer may be embedded to opt out of forward compatibility for this service.
@@ -382,6 +410,24 @@ func _ProxyService_ValidateSession_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context,
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
+func _ProxyService_ValidateTunnelPeer_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(ValidateTunnelPeerRequest)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(ProxyServiceServer).ValidateTunnelPeer(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: "/management.ProxyService/ValidateTunnelPeer",
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(ProxyServiceServer).ValidateTunnelPeer(ctx, req.(*ValidateTunnelPeerRequest))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
 // ProxyService_ServiceDesc is the grpc.ServiceDesc for ProxyService service.
 // It's only intended for direct use with grpc.RegisterService,
 // and not to be introspected or modified (even as a copy)
@@ -413,6 +459,10 @@ var ProxyService_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			MethodName: "ValidateSession",
 			Handler:    _ProxyService_ValidateSession_Handler,
 		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "ValidateTunnelPeer",
+			Handler:    _ProxyService_ValidateTunnelPeer_Handler,
+		},
 	},
 	Streams: []grpc.StreamDesc{
 		{
diff --git a/util/capture/text.go b/util/capture/text.go
index a6a6dd28b..32229894e 100644
--- a/util/capture/text.go
+++ b/util/capture/text.go
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/google/gopacket"
 	"github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 )
 
 // TextWriter writes human-readable one-line-per-packet summaries.
@@ -150,7 +152,7 @@ func (tw *TextWriter) writeUDP(timeStr string, dir Direction, info *packetInfo,
 	plen := len(udp.Payload)
 
 	// DNS replaces the entire line format
-	if plen > 0 && isDNSPort(info.srcPort, info.dstPort) {
+	if plen > 0 && (isDNSPort(info.srcPort) || isDNSPort(info.dstPort)) {
 		if s := formatDNSPayload(udp.Payload); s != "" {
 			var verbose string
 			if tw.verbose {
@@ -561,8 +563,12 @@ func findSNIExtension(body []byte, pos int) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
-func isDNSPort(src, dst uint16) bool {
-	return src == 53 || dst == 53 || src == 5353 || dst == 5353
+func isDNSPort(p uint16) bool {
+	switch p {
+	case nbdns.DefaultDNSPort, nbdns.ForwarderClientPort, nbdns.ForwarderServerPort:
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
 }
 
 // formatDNSPayload parses DNS and returns a tcpdump-style summary.
diff --git a/version/version.go b/version/version.go
index d70a5effa..f33ff133c 100644
--- a/version/version.go
+++ b/version/version.go
@@ -2,19 +2,75 @@ package version
 
 import (
 	"regexp"
+	"runtime/debug"
+	"strings"
 
 	v "github.com/hashicorp/go-version"
 )
 
+// DevelopmentVersion is the value of NetbirdVersion() for non-release builds.
+// Wire-format consumers (management server, dashboard) match against this
+// string, so it must not change without coordinating those consumers.
+const DevelopmentVersion = "development"
+
 // will be replaced with the release version when using goreleaser
-var version = "development"
+var version = DevelopmentVersion
 
 var (
 	VersionRegexp = regexp.MustCompile("^" + v.VersionRegexpRaw + "$")
 	SemverRegexp  = regexp.MustCompile("^" + v.SemverRegexpRaw + "$")
 )
 
-// NetbirdVersion returns the Netbird version
+// NetbirdVersion returns the Netbird version. For non-release builds the
+// value is the literal DevelopmentVersion constant; the VCS revision is
+// exposed separately via NetbirdCommit so the wire format stays stable.
 func NetbirdVersion() string {
 	return version
 }
+
+// NetbirdCommit returns the VCS revision (truncated to 12 chars) of the
+// build, with a "-dirty" suffix when the working tree was modified.
+// Returns an empty string when no build info is embedded (e.g. release
+// builds compiled by goreleaser without -buildvcs).
+func NetbirdCommit() string {
+	info, ok := debug.ReadBuildInfo()
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	var revision string
+	var modified bool
+	for _, s := range info.Settings {
+		switch s.Key {
+		case "vcs.revision":
+			revision = s.Value
+		case "vcs.modified":
+			modified = s.Value == "true"
+		}
+	}
+
+	if revision == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	if len(revision) > 12 {
+		revision = revision[:12]
+	}
+
+	if modified {
+		revision += "-dirty"
+	}
+	return revision
+}
+
+// IsDevelopmentVersion reports whether the given version string identifies
+// a non-release / development build. It is the single source of truth for
+// "is this a dev build" checks across the codebase; use it instead of
+// comparing against the "development" literal or ad-hoc substring checks.
+//
+// Matches the bare DevelopmentVersion constant as well as any future
+// extension such as "development-<sha>" or "development-<sha>-dirty",
+// while excluding tagged prereleases like "v0.31.1-dev".
+func IsDevelopmentVersion(v string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(v, DevelopmentVersion)
+}
diff --git a/version/version_test.go b/version/version_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47b77b50d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/version/version_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package version
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestIsDevelopmentVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		version string
+		want    bool
+	}{
+		{"development", true},
+		{"development-0823f3ff9ab1", true},
+		{"development-0823f3ff9ab1-dirty", true},
+		{"0.50.0", false},
+		{"v0.31.1-dev", false},
+		{"1.0.0-dev", false},
+		{"dev", false},
+		{"", false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.version, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := IsDevelopmentVersion(tt.version); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("IsDevelopmentVersion(%q) = %v, want %v", tt.version, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}