[proxy] Support WebSocket (#5312)

* Fix WebSocket support by implementing Hijacker interface

Add responsewriter.PassthroughWriter to preserve optional HTTP interfaces
(Hijacker, Flusher, Pusher) when wrapping http.ResponseWriter in middleware.

Without this delegation:
 - WebSocket connections fail (can't hijack the connection)
 - Streaming breaks (can't flush buffers)
 - HTTP/2 push doesn't work

* Add HijackTracker to manage hijacked connections during graceful shutdown

* Refactor HijackTracker to use middleware for tracking hijacked connections

* Refactor server handler chain setup for improved readability and maintainability

proxy/internal/accesslog/middleware.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rs/xid"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/proxy"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/responsewriter"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/web"
 )
 
@@ -27,8 +28,8 @@ func (l *Logger) Middleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 
 		// Use a response writer wrapper so we can access the status code later.
 		sw := &statusWriter{
-			w:      w,
-			status: http.StatusOK,
+			PassthroughWriter: responsewriter.New(w),
+			status:            http.StatusOK,
 		}
 
 		// Resolve the source IP using trusted proxy configuration before passing

proxy/internal/accesslog/statuswriter.go

@@ -1,26 +1,18 @@
 package accesslog
 
 import (
-	"net/http"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/responsewriter"
 )
 
-// statusWriter is a simple wrapper around an http.ResponseWriter
-// that captures the setting of the status code via the WriteHeader
-// function and stores it so that it can be retrieved later.
+// statusWriter captures the HTTP status code from WriteHeader calls.
+// It embeds responsewriter.PassthroughWriter which handles all the optional
+// interfaces (Hijacker, Flusher, Pusher) automatically.
 type statusWriter struct {
-	w      http.ResponseWriter
+	*responsewriter.PassthroughWriter
 	status int
 }
 
-func (w *statusWriter) Header() http.Header {
-	return w.w.Header()
-}
-
-func (w *statusWriter) Write(data []byte) (int, error) {
-	return w.w.Write(data)
-}
-
 func (w *statusWriter) WriteHeader(status int) {
 	w.status = status
-	w.w.WriteHeader(status)
+	w.PassthroughWriter.WriteHeader(status)
 }

proxy/internal/conntrack/conn.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package conntrack
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+// trackedConn wraps a net.Conn and removes itself from the tracker on Close.
+type trackedConn struct {
+	net.Conn
+	tracker *HijackTracker
+}
+
+func (c *trackedConn) Close() error {
+	c.tracker.conns.Delete(c)
+	return c.Conn.Close()
+}
+
+// trackingWriter wraps an http.ResponseWriter and intercepts Hijack calls
+// to replace the raw connection with a trackedConn that auto-deregisters.
+type trackingWriter struct {
+	http.ResponseWriter
+	tracker *HijackTracker
+}
+
+func (w *trackingWriter) Hijack() (net.Conn, *bufio.ReadWriter, error) {
+	hijacker, ok := w.ResponseWriter.(http.Hijacker)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, nil, http.ErrNotSupported
+	}
+	conn, buf, err := hijacker.Hijack()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	tc := &trackedConn{Conn: conn, tracker: w.tracker}
+	w.tracker.conns.Store(tc, struct{}{})
+	return tc, buf, nil
+}
+
+func (w *trackingWriter) Flush() {
+	if flusher, ok := w.ResponseWriter.(http.Flusher); ok {
+		flusher.Flush()
+	}
+}
+
+func (w *trackingWriter) Unwrap() http.ResponseWriter {
+	return w.ResponseWriter
+}

proxy/internal/conntrack/hijacked.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package conntrack
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+// HijackTracker tracks connections that have been hijacked (e.g. WebSocket
+// upgrades). http.Server.Shutdown does not close hijacked connections, so
+// they must be tracked and closed explicitly during graceful shutdown.
+//
+// Use Middleware as the outermost HTTP middleware to ensure hijacked
+// connections are tracked and automatically deregistered when closed.
+type HijackTracker struct {
+	conns sync.Map // net.Conn → struct{}
+}
+
+// Middleware returns an HTTP middleware that wraps the ResponseWriter so that
+// hijacked connections are tracked and automatically deregistered from the
+// tracker when closed. This should be the outermost middleware in the chain.
+func (t *HijackTracker) Middleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		next.ServeHTTP(&trackingWriter{ResponseWriter: w, tracker: t}, r)
+	})
+}
+
+// CloseAll closes all tracked hijacked connections and returns the number
+// of connections that were closed.
+func (t *HijackTracker) CloseAll() int {
+	var count int
+	t.conns.Range(func(key, _ any) bool {
+		if conn, ok := key.(net.Conn); ok {
+			_ = conn.Close()
+			count++
+		}
+		t.conns.Delete(key)
+		return true
+	})
+	return count
+}

proxy/internal/metrics/metrics.go

@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/proxy"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promauto"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/proxy"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/responsewriter"
 )
 
 type Metrics struct {
@@ -60,18 +62,18 @@ func New(reg prometheus.Registerer) *Metrics {
 }
 
 type responseInterceptor struct {
-	http.ResponseWriter
+	*responsewriter.PassthroughWriter
 	status int
 	size   int
 }
 
 func (w *responseInterceptor) WriteHeader(status int) {
 	w.status = status
-	w.ResponseWriter.WriteHeader(status)
+	w.PassthroughWriter.WriteHeader(status)
 }
 
 func (w *responseInterceptor) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
-	size, err := w.ResponseWriter.Write(b)
+	size, err := w.PassthroughWriter.Write(b)
 	w.size += size
 	return size, err
 }
@@ -81,7 +83,7 @@ func (m *Metrics) Middleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		m.requestsTotal.Inc()
 		m.activeRequests.Inc()
 
-		interceptor := &responseInterceptor{ResponseWriter: w}
+		interceptor := &responseInterceptor{PassthroughWriter: responsewriter.New(w)}
 
 		start := time.Now()
 		next.ServeHTTP(interceptor, r)

proxy/internal/responsewriter/responsewriter.go

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package responsewriter
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+// PassthroughWriter wraps an http.ResponseWriter and preserves optional
+// interfaces like Hijacker, Flusher, and Pusher by delegating to the underlying
+// ResponseWriter if it supports them.
+//
+// This is the standard pattern for Go middleware that needs to wrap ResponseWriter
+// while maintaining support for protocol upgrades (WebSocket), streaming (Flusher),
+// and HTTP/2 server push.
+type PassthroughWriter struct {
+	http.ResponseWriter
+}
+
+// New creates a new wrapper around the given ResponseWriter.
+func New(w http.ResponseWriter) *PassthroughWriter {
+	return &PassthroughWriter{ResponseWriter: w}
+}
+
+// Hijack implements http.Hijacker interface if the underlying ResponseWriter supports it.
+// This is required for WebSocket connections and other protocol upgrades.
+func (w *PassthroughWriter) Hijack() (net.Conn, *bufio.ReadWriter, error) {
+	if hijacker, ok := w.ResponseWriter.(http.Hijacker); ok {
+		return hijacker.Hijack()
+	}
+	return nil, nil, http.ErrNotSupported
+}
+
+// Flush implements http.Flusher interface if the underlying ResponseWriter supports it.
+func (w *PassthroughWriter) Flush() {
+	if flusher, ok := w.ResponseWriter.(http.Flusher); ok {
+		flusher.Flush()
+	}
+}
+
+// Push implements http.Pusher interface if the underlying ResponseWriter supports it.
+func (w *PassthroughWriter) Push(target string, opts *http.PushOptions) error {
+	if pusher, ok := w.ResponseWriter.(http.Pusher); ok {
+		return pusher.Push(target, opts)
+	}
+	return http.ErrNotSupported
+}
+
+// Unwrap returns the underlying ResponseWriter.
+// This is required for http.ResponseController (Go 1.20+) to work correctly.
+func (w *PassthroughWriter) Unwrap() http.ResponseWriter {
+	return w.ResponseWriter
+}

proxy/server.go

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/acme"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/certwatch"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/conntrack"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/debug"
 	proxygrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/grpc"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/health"
@@ -64,6 +65,11 @@ type Server struct {
 	healthChecker *health.Checker
 	meter         *metrics.Metrics
 
+	// hijackTracker tracks hijacked connections (e.g. WebSocket upgrades)
+	// so they can be closed during graceful shutdown, since http.Server.Shutdown
+	// does not handle them.
+	hijackTracker conntrack.HijackTracker
+
 	// Mostly used for debugging on management.
 	startTime time.Time
 
@@ -185,10 +191,18 @@ func (s *Server) ListenAndServe(ctx context.Context, addr string) (err error) {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	// Build the handler chain from inside out.
+	handler := http.Handler(s.proxy)
+	handler = s.auth.Protect(handler)
+	handler = web.AssetHandler(handler)
+	handler = accessLog.Middleware(handler)
+	handler = s.meter.Middleware(handler)
+	handler = s.hijackTracker.Middleware(handler)
+
 	// Start the reverse proxy HTTPS server.
 	s.https = &http.Server{
 		Addr:      addr,
-		Handler:   s.meter.Middleware(accessLog.Middleware(web.AssetHandler(s.auth.Protect(s.proxy)))),
+		Handler:   handler,
 		TLSConfig: tlsConfig,
 		ErrorLog:  newHTTPServerLogger(s.Logger, logtagValueHTTPS),
 	}
@@ -457,7 +471,12 @@ func (s *Server) gracefulShutdown() {
 		s.Logger.Warnf("https server drain: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	// Step 4: Stop all remaining background services.
+	// Step 4: Close hijacked connections (WebSocket) that Shutdown does not handle.
+	if n := s.hijackTracker.CloseAll(); n > 0 {
+		s.Logger.Infof("closed %d hijacked connection(s)", n)
+	}
+
+	// Step 5: Stop all remaining background services.
 	s.shutdownServices()
 	s.Logger.Info("graceful shutdown complete")
 }