Merge branch 'dev' into multi-role

server/lib/billing/tierMatrix.ts

@@ -48,5 +48,5 @@ export const tierMatrix: Record<TierFeature, Tier[]> = {
         "enterprise"
     ],
     [TierFeature.AutoProvisioning]: ["tier1", "tier3", "enterprise"],
-    [TierFeature.SshPam]: ["enterprise"]
+    [TierFeature.SshPam]: ["tier1", "tier3", "enterprise"]
 };

server/lib/billing/usageService.ts

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import {
 import { FeatureId, getFeatureMeterId } from "./features";
 import logger from "@server/logger";
 import { build } from "@server/build";
-import cache from "@server/lib/cache";
+import cache from "#dynamic/lib/cache";
 
 export function noop() {
     if (build !== "saas") {
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ export class UsageService {
         const orgIdToUse = await this.getBillingOrg(orgId);
 
         const cacheKey = `customer_${orgIdToUse}_${featureId}`;
-        const cached = cache.get<string>(cacheKey);
+        const cached = await cache.get<string>(cacheKey);
 
         if (cached) {
             return cached;
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ export class UsageService {
             const customerId = customer.customerId;
 
             // Cache the result
-            cache.set(cacheKey, customerId, 300); // 5 minute TTL
+            await cache.set(cacheKey, customerId, 300); // 5 minute TTL
 
             return customerId;
         } catch (error) {

server/lib/blueprints/applyBlueprint.ts

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ export async function applyBlueprint({
                             [target],
                             matchingHealthcheck ? [matchingHealthcheck] : [],
                             result.proxyResource.protocol,
-                            result.proxyResource.proxyPort
+                            site.newt.version
                         );
                     }
                 }

server/lib/blueprints/clientResources.ts

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import {
     userSiteResources
 } from "@server/db";
 import { sites } from "@server/db";
-import { eq, and, ne, inArray } from "drizzle-orm";
+import { eq, and, ne, inArray, or } from "drizzle-orm";
 import { Config } from "./types";
 import logger from "@server/logger";
 import { getNextAvailableAliasAddress } from "../ip";
@@ -142,7 +142,10 @@ export async function updateClientResources(
                     .innerJoin(userOrgs, eq(users.userId, userOrgs.userId))
                     .where(
                         and(
-                            inArray(users.username, resourceData.users),
+                            or(
+                                inArray(users.username, resourceData.users),
+                                inArray(users.email, resourceData.users)
+                            ),
                             eq(userOrgs.orgId, orgId)
                         )
                     );
@@ -276,7 +279,10 @@ export async function updateClientResources(
                     .innerJoin(userOrgs, eq(users.userId, userOrgs.userId))
                     .where(
                         and(
-                            inArray(users.username, resourceData.users),
+                            or(
+                                inArray(users.username, resourceData.users),
+                                inArray(users.email, resourceData.users)
+                            ),
                             eq(userOrgs.orgId, orgId)
                         )
                     );

server/lib/blueprints/proxyResources.ts

@@ -212,7 +212,10 @@ export async function updateProxyResources(
             } else {
                 // Update existing resource
 
-                const isLicensed = await isLicensedOrSubscribed(orgId, tierMatrix.maintencePage);
+                const isLicensed = await isLicensedOrSubscribed(
+                    orgId,
+                    tierMatrix.maintencePage
+                );
                 if (!isLicensed) {
                     resourceData.maintenance = undefined;
                 }
@@ -590,7 +593,10 @@ export async function updateProxyResources(
                         existingRule.action !== getRuleAction(rule.action) ||
                         existingRule.match !== rule.match.toUpperCase() ||
                         existingRule.value !==
-                        getRuleValue(rule.match.toUpperCase(), rule.value) ||
+                            getRuleValue(
+                                rule.match.toUpperCase(),
+                                rule.value
+                            ) ||
                         existingRule.priority !== intendedPriority
                     ) {
                         validateRule(rule);
@@ -648,7 +654,10 @@ export async function updateProxyResources(
                 );
             }
 
-            const isLicensed = await isLicensedOrSubscribed(orgId, tierMatrix.maintencePage);
+            const isLicensed = await isLicensedOrSubscribed(
+                orgId,
+                tierMatrix.maintencePage
+            );
             if (!isLicensed) {
                 resourceData.maintenance = undefined;
             }
@@ -935,7 +944,12 @@ async function syncUserResources(
             .select()
             .from(users)
             .innerJoin(userOrgs, eq(users.userId, userOrgs.userId))
-            .where(and(eq(users.username, username), eq(userOrgs.orgId, orgId)))
+            .where(
+                and(
+                    or(eq(users.username, username), eq(users.email, username)),
+                    eq(userOrgs.orgId, orgId)
+                )
+            )
             .limit(1);
 
         if (!user) {

server/lib/blueprints/types.ts

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ export const AuthSchema = z.object({
         .refine((roles) => !roles.includes("Admin"), {
             error: "Admin role cannot be included in sso-roles"
         }),
-    "sso-users": z.array(z.email()).optional().default([]),
+    "sso-users": z.array(z.string()).optional().default([]),
     "whitelist-users": z.array(z.email()).optional().default([]),
     "auto-login-idp": z.int().positive().optional()
 });
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ export const ClientResourceSchema = z
             .refine((roles) => !roles.includes("Admin"), {
                 error: "Admin role cannot be included in roles"
             }),
-        users: z.array(z.email()).optional().default([]),
+        users: z.array(z.string()).optional().default([]),
         machines: z.array(z.string()).optional().default([])
     })
     .refine(

server/lib/cache.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import NodeCache from "node-cache";
 import logger from "@server/logger";
 
-// Create cache with maxKeys limit to prevent memory leaks
+// Create local cache with maxKeys limit to prevent memory leaks
 // With ~10k requests/day and 5min TTL, 10k keys should be more than sufficient
-export const cache = new NodeCache({
+export const localCache = new NodeCache({
     stdTTL: 3600,
     checkperiod: 120,
     maxKeys: 10000
@@ -11,10 +11,151 @@ export const cache = new NodeCache({
 
 // Log cache statistics periodically for monitoring
 setInterval(() => {
-    const stats = cache.getStats();
+    const stats = localCache.getStats();
     logger.debug(
-        `Cache stats - Keys: ${stats.keys}, Hits: ${stats.hits}, Misses: ${stats.misses}, Hit rate: ${stats.hits > 0 ? ((stats.hits / (stats.hits + stats.misses)) * 100).toFixed(2) : 0}%`
+        `Local cache stats - Keys: ${stats.keys}, Hits: ${stats.hits}, Misses: ${stats.misses}, Hit rate: ${stats.hits > 0 ? ((stats.hits / (stats.hits + stats.misses)) * 100).toFixed(2) : 0}%`
     );
 }, 300000); // Every 5 minutes
 
+/**
+ * Adaptive cache that uses Redis when available in multi-node environments,
+ * otherwise falls back to local memory cache for single-node deployments.
+ */
+class AdaptiveCache {
+    /**
+     * Set a value in the cache
+     * @param key - Cache key
+     * @param value - Value to cache (will be JSON stringified for Redis)
+     * @param ttl - Time to live in seconds (0 = no expiration)
+     * @returns boolean indicating success
+     */
+    async set(key: string, value: any, ttl?: number): Promise<boolean> {
+        const effectiveTtl = ttl === 0 ? undefined : ttl;
+
+        // Use local cache as fallback or primary
+        const success = localCache.set(key, value, effectiveTtl || 0);
+        if (success) {
+            logger.debug(`Set key in local cache: ${key}`);
+        }
+        return success;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a value from the cache
+     * @param key - Cache key
+     * @returns The cached value or undefined if not found
+     */
+    async get<T = any>(key: string): Promise<T | undefined> {
+        // Use local cache as fallback or primary
+        const value = localCache.get<T>(key);
+        if (value !== undefined) {
+            logger.debug(`Cache hit in local cache: ${key}`);
+        } else {
+            logger.debug(`Cache miss in local cache: ${key}`);
+        }
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Delete a value from the cache
+     * @param key - Cache key or array of keys
+     * @returns Number of deleted entries
+     */
+    async del(key: string | string[]): Promise<number> {
+        const keys = Array.isArray(key) ? key : [key];
+        let deletedCount = 0;
+
+        // Use local cache as fallback or primary
+        for (const k of keys) {
+            const success = localCache.del(k);
+            if (success > 0) {
+                deletedCount++;
+                logger.debug(`Deleted key from local cache: ${k}`);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return deletedCount;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if a key exists in the cache
+     * @param key - Cache key
+     * @returns boolean indicating if key exists
+     */
+    async has(key: string): Promise<boolean> {
+        // Use local cache as fallback or primary
+        return localCache.has(key);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get multiple values from the cache
+     * @param keys - Array of cache keys
+     * @returns Array of values (undefined for missing keys)
+     */
+    async mget<T = any>(keys: string[]): Promise<(T | undefined)[]> {
+        // Use local cache as fallback or primary
+        return keys.map((key) => localCache.get<T>(key));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Flush all keys from the cache
+     */
+    async flushAll(): Promise<void> {
+        localCache.flushAll();
+        logger.debug("Flushed local cache");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get cache statistics
+     * Note: Only returns local cache stats, Redis stats are not included
+     */
+    getStats() {
+        return localCache.getStats();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the current cache backend being used
+     * @returns "redis" if Redis is available and healthy, "local" otherwise
+     */
+    getCurrentBackend(): "redis" | "local" {
+        return "local";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Take a key from the cache and delete it
+     * @param key - Cache key
+     * @returns The value or undefined if not found
+     */
+    async take<T = any>(key: string): Promise<T | undefined> {
+        const value = await this.get<T>(key);
+        if (value !== undefined) {
+            await this.del(key);
+        }
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get TTL (time to live) for a key
+     * @param key - Cache key
+     * @returns TTL in seconds, 0 if no expiration, -1 if key doesn't exist
+     */
+    getTtl(key: string): number {
+        const ttl = localCache.getTtl(key);
+        if (ttl === undefined) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        return Math.max(0, Math.floor((ttl - Date.now()) / 1000));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all keys from the cache
+     * Note: Only returns local cache keys, Redis keys are not included
+     */
+    keys(): string[] {
+        return localCache.keys();
+    }
+}
+
+// Export singleton instance
+export const cache = new AdaptiveCache();
 export default cache;

server/lib/cleanupLogs.ts

@@ -4,8 +4,12 @@ import { cleanUpOldLogs as cleanUpOldActionLogs } from "#dynamic/middlewares/log
 import { cleanUpOldLogs as cleanUpOldRequestLogs } from "@server/routers/badger/logRequestAudit";
 import { gt, or } from "drizzle-orm";
 import { cleanUpOldFingerprintSnapshots } from "@server/routers/olm/fingerprintingUtils";
+import { build } from "@server/build";
 
 export function initLogCleanupInterval() {
+    if (build == "saas") { // skip log cleanup for saas builds
+        return null;
+    }
     return setInterval(
         async () => {
             const orgsToClean = await db

server/lib/clientVersionChecks.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import semver from "semver";
+
+export function canCompress(
+    clientVersion: string | null | undefined,
+    type: "newt" | "olm"
+): boolean {
+    try {
+        if (!clientVersion) return false;
+        // check if it is a valid semver
+        if (!semver.valid(clientVersion)) return false;
+        if (type === "newt") {
+            return semver.gte(clientVersion, "1.10.3");
+        } else if (type === "olm") {
+            return semver.gte(clientVersion, "1.4.3");
+        }
+        return false;
+    } catch {
+        return false;
+    }
+}

server/lib/consts.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import path from "path";
 import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 
 // This is a placeholder value replaced by the build process
-export const APP_VERSION = "1.15.4";
+export const APP_VERSION = "1.16.0";
 
 export const __FILENAME = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
 export const __DIRNAME = path.dirname(__FILENAME);

server/lib/deleteOrg.ts

@@ -85,9 +85,7 @@ export async function deleteOrgById(
                         deletedNewtIds.push(deletedNewt.newtId);
                         await trx
                             .delete(newtSessions)
-                            .where(
-                                eq(newtSessions.newtId, deletedNewt.newtId)
-                            );
+                            .where(eq(newtSessions.newtId, deletedNewt.newtId));
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -121,33 +119,38 @@ export async function deleteOrgById(
                     eq(clientSitesAssociationsCache.clientId, client.clientId)
                 );
         }
+
+        await trx.delete(resources).where(eq(resources.orgId, orgId));
+
         const allOrgDomains = await trx
             .select()
             .from(orgDomains)
-            .innerJoin(domains, eq(domains.domainId, orgDomains.domainId))
+            .innerJoin(domains, eq(orgDomains.domainId, domains.domainId))
             .where(
                 and(
                     eq(orgDomains.orgId, orgId),
                     eq(domains.configManaged, false)
                 )
             );
+        logger.info(`Found ${allOrgDomains.length} domains to delete`);
         const domainIdsToDelete: string[] = [];
         for (const orgDomain of allOrgDomains) {
             const domainId = orgDomain.domains.domainId;
-            const orgCount = await trx
-                .select({ count: sql<number>`count(*)` })
+            const [orgCount] = await trx
+                .select({ count: count() })
                 .from(orgDomains)
                 .where(eq(orgDomains.domainId, domainId));
-            if (orgCount[0].count === 1) {
+            logger.info(`Found ${orgCount.count} orgs using domain ${domainId}`);
+            if (orgCount.count === 1) {
                 domainIdsToDelete.push(domainId);
             }
         }
+        logger.info(`Found ${domainIdsToDelete.length} domains to delete`);
         if (domainIdsToDelete.length > 0) {
             await trx
                 .delete(domains)
                 .where(inArray(domains.domainId, domainIdsToDelete));
         }
-        await trx.delete(resources).where(eq(resources.orgId, orgId));
 
         await usageService.add(orgId, FeatureId.ORGINIZATIONS, -1, trx); // here we are decreasing the org count BEFORE deleting the org because we need to still be able to get the org to get the billing org inside of here
 
@@ -231,15 +234,13 @@ export function sendTerminationMessages(result: DeleteOrgByIdResult): void {
         );
     }
     for (const olmId of result.olmsToTerminate) {
-        sendTerminateClient(
-            0,
-            OlmErrorCodes.TERMINATED_REKEYED,
-            olmId
-        ).catch((error) => {
-            logger.error(
-                "Failed to send termination message to olm:",
-                error
-            );
-        });
+        sendTerminateClient(0, OlmErrorCodes.TERMINATED_REKEYED, olmId).catch(
+            (error) => {
+                logger.error(
+                    "Failed to send termination message to olm:",
+                    error
+                );
+            }
+        );
     }
 }

server/lib/readConfigFile.ts

@@ -189,6 +189,46 @@ export const configSchema = z
                     .prefault({})
             })
             .optional(),
+        postgres_logs: z
+            .object({
+                connection_string: z
+                    .string()
+                    .optional()
+                    .transform(getEnvOrYaml("POSTGRES_LOGS_CONNECTION_STRING")),
+                replicas: z
+                    .array(
+                        z.object({
+                            connection_string: z.string()
+                        })
+                    )
+                    .optional(),
+                pool: z
+                    .object({
+                        max_connections: z
+                            .number()
+                            .positive()
+                            .optional()
+                            .default(20),
+                        max_replica_connections: z
+                            .number()
+                            .positive()
+                            .optional()
+                            .default(10),
+                        idle_timeout_ms: z
+                            .number()
+                            .positive()
+                            .optional()
+                            .default(30000),
+                        connection_timeout_ms: z
+                            .number()
+                            .positive()
+                            .optional()
+                            .default(5000)
+                    })
+                    .optional()
+                    .prefault({})
+            })
+            .optional(),
         traefik: z
             .object({
                 http_entrypoint: z.string().optional().default("web"),

server/lib/rebuildClientAssociations.ts

@@ -478,6 +478,7 @@ async function handleMessagesForSiteClients(
         }
 
         if (isAdd) {
+            // TODO: if we are in jit mode here should we really be sending this?
             await initPeerAddHandshake(
                 // this will kick off the add peer process for the client
                 client.clientId,
@@ -572,7 +573,7 @@ export async function updateClientSiteDestinations(
                 destinations: [
                     {
                         destinationIP: site.sites.subnet.split("/")[0],
-                        destinationPort: site.sites.listenPort || 0
+                        destinationPort: site.sites.listenPort || 1 // this satisfies gerbil for now but should be reevaluated
                     }
                 ]
             };
@@ -580,7 +581,7 @@ export async function updateClientSiteDestinations(
             // add to the existing destinations
             destinations.destinations.push({
                 destinationIP: site.sites.subnet.split("/")[0],
-                destinationPort: site.sites.listenPort || 0
+                destinationPort: site.sites.listenPort || 1 // this satisfies gerbil for now but should be reevaluated
             });
         }
 
@@ -670,7 +671,11 @@ async function handleSubnetProxyTargetUpdates(
                     `Adding ${targetsToAdd.length} subnet proxy targets for siteResource ${siteResource.siteResourceId}`
                 );
                 proxyJobs.push(
-                    addSubnetProxyTargets(newt.newtId, targetsToAdd)
+                    addSubnetProxyTargets(
+                        newt.newtId,
+                        targetsToAdd,
+                        newt.version
+                    )
                 );
             }
 
@@ -706,7 +711,11 @@ async function handleSubnetProxyTargetUpdates(
                     `Removing ${targetsToRemove.length} subnet proxy targets for siteResource ${siteResource.siteResourceId}`
                 );
                 proxyJobs.push(
-                    removeSubnetProxyTargets(newt.newtId, targetsToRemove)
+                    removeSubnetProxyTargets(
+                        newt.newtId,
+                        targetsToRemove,
+                        newt.version
+                    )
                 );
             }
 
@@ -1081,6 +1090,7 @@ async function handleMessagesForClientSites(
                 continue;
             }
 
+            // TODO: if we are in jit mode here should we really be sending this?
             await initPeerAddHandshake(
                 // this will kick off the add peer process for the client
                 client.clientId,
@@ -1147,7 +1157,7 @@ async function handleMessagesForClientResources(
         // Add subnet proxy targets for each site
         for (const [siteId, resources] of addedBySite.entries()) {
             const [newt] = await trx
-                .select({ newtId: newts.newtId })
+                .select({ newtId: newts.newtId, version: newts.version })
                 .from(newts)
                 .where(eq(newts.siteId, siteId))
                 .limit(1);
@@ -1169,7 +1179,13 @@ async function handleMessagesForClientResources(
                 ]);
 
                 if (targets.length > 0) {
-                    proxyJobs.push(addSubnetProxyTargets(newt.newtId, targets));
+                    proxyJobs.push(
+                        addSubnetProxyTargets(
+                            newt.newtId,
+                            targets,
+                            newt.version
+                        )
+                    );
                 }
 
                 try {
@@ -1218,7 +1234,7 @@ async function handleMessagesForClientResources(
         // Remove subnet proxy targets for each site
         for (const [siteId, resources] of removedBySite.entries()) {
             const [newt] = await trx
-                .select({ newtId: newts.newtId })
+                .select({ newtId: newts.newtId, version: newts.version })
                 .from(newts)
                 .where(eq(newts.siteId, siteId))
                 .limit(1);
@@ -1241,7 +1257,11 @@ async function handleMessagesForClientResources(
 
                 if (targets.length > 0) {
                     proxyJobs.push(
-                        removeSubnetProxyTargets(newt.newtId, targets)
+                        removeSubnetProxyTargets(
+                            newt.newtId,
+                            targets,
+                            newt.version
+                        )
                     );
                 }
 

server/lib/resend.ts

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-export enum AudienceIds {
-    SignUps = "",
-    Subscribed = "",
-    Churned = "",
-    Newsletter = ""
-}
-
-let resend;
-export default resend;
-
-export async function moveEmailToAudience(
-    email: string,
-    audienceId: AudienceIds
-) {
-    return;
-}

server/lib/sanitize.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * Sanitize a string field before inserting into a database TEXT column.
+ *
+ * Two passes are applied:
+ *
+ * 1. Lone UTF-16 surrogates – JavaScript strings can hold unpaired surrogates
+ *    (e.g. \uD800 without a following \uDC00-\uDFFF codepoint). These are
+ *    valid in JS but cannot be encoded as UTF-8, triggering
+ *    `report_invalid_encoding` in SQLite / Postgres. They are replaced with
+ *    the Unicode replacement character U+FFFD so the data is preserved as a
+ *    visible signal that something was malformed.
+ *
+ * 2. Null bytes and C0 control characters – SQLite stores TEXT as
+ *    null-terminated C strings, so \x00 in a value causes
+ *    `report_invalid_encoding`. Bots and scanners routinely inject null bytes
+ *    into URLs (e.g. `/path\u0000.jpg`). All C0 control characters in the
+ *    range \x00-\x1F are stripped except for the three that are legitimate in
+ *    text payloads: HT (\x09), LF (\x0A), and CR (\x0D). DEL (\x7F) is also
+ *    stripped.
+ */
+export function sanitizeString(value: string): string;
+export function sanitizeString(
+    value: string | null | undefined
+): string | undefined;
+export function sanitizeString(
+    value: string | null | undefined
+): string | undefined {
+    if (value == null) return undefined;
+    return (
+        value
+            // Replace lone high surrogates (not followed by a low surrogate)
+            // and lone low surrogates (not preceded by a high surrogate).
+            .replace(
+                /[\uD800-\uDBFF](?![\uDC00-\uDFFF])|(?<![\uD800-\uDBFF])[\uDC00-\uDFFF]/g,
+                "\uFFFD"
+            )
+            // Strip null bytes, C0 control chars (except HT/LF/CR), and DEL.
+            .replace(/[\x00-\x08\x0B\x0C\x0E-\x1F\x7F]/g, "")
+    );
+}

server/lib/sshCA.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+import * as crypto from "crypto";
+
+/**
+ * SSH CA "Server" - Pure TypeScript Implementation
+ *
+ * This module provides basic SSH Certificate Authority functionality using
+ * only Node.js built-in crypto module. No external dependencies or subprocesses.
+ *
+ * Usage:
+ *   1. generateCA() - Creates a new CA key pair, returns CA info including the
+ *      TrustedUserCAKeys line to add to servers
+ *   2. signPublicKey() - Signs a user's public key with the CA, returns a certificate
+ */
+
+// ============================================================================
+// SSH Wire Format Helpers
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Encode a string in SSH wire format (4-byte length prefix + data)
+ */
+function encodeString(data: Buffer | string): Buffer {
+    const buf = typeof data === "string" ? Buffer.from(data, "utf8") : data;
+    const len = Buffer.alloc(4);
+    len.writeUInt32BE(buf.length, 0);
+    return Buffer.concat([len, buf]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Encode a uint32 in SSH wire format (big-endian)
+ */
+function encodeUInt32(value: number): Buffer {
+    const buf = Buffer.alloc(4);
+    buf.writeUInt32BE(value, 0);
+    return buf;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Encode a uint64 in SSH wire format (big-endian)
+ */
+function encodeUInt64(value: bigint): Buffer {
+    const buf = Buffer.alloc(8);
+    buf.writeBigUInt64BE(value, 0);
+    return buf;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decode a string from SSH wire format at the given offset
+ * Returns the string buffer and the new offset
+ */
+function decodeString(
+    data: Buffer,
+    offset: number
+): { value: Buffer; newOffset: number } {
+    const len = data.readUInt32BE(offset);
+    const value = data.subarray(offset + 4, offset + 4 + len);
+    return { value, newOffset: offset + 4 + len };
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// SSH Public Key Parsing/Encoding
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Parse an OpenSSH public key line (e.g., "ssh-ed25519 AAAA... comment")
+ */
+function parseOpenSSHPublicKey(pubKeyLine: string): {
+    keyType: string;
+    keyData: Buffer;
+    comment: string;
+} {
+    const parts = pubKeyLine.trim().split(/\s+/);
+    if (parts.length < 2) {
+        throw new Error("Invalid public key format");
+    }
+
+    const keyType = parts[0];
+    const keyData = Buffer.from(parts[1], "base64");
+    const comment = parts.slice(2).join(" ") || "";
+
+    // Verify the key type in the blob matches
+    const { value: blobKeyType } = decodeString(keyData, 0);
+    if (blobKeyType.toString("utf8") !== keyType) {
+        throw new Error(
+            `Key type mismatch: ${blobKeyType.toString("utf8")} vs ${keyType}`
+        );
+    }
+
+    return { keyType, keyData, comment };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Encode an Ed25519 public key in OpenSSH format
+ */
+function encodeEd25519PublicKey(publicKey: Buffer): Buffer {
+    return Buffer.concat([
+        encodeString("ssh-ed25519"),
+        encodeString(publicKey)
+    ]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Format a public key blob as an OpenSSH public key line
+ */
+function formatOpenSSHPublicKey(keyBlob: Buffer, comment: string = ""): string {
+    const { value: keyType } = decodeString(keyBlob, 0);
+    const base64 = keyBlob.toString("base64");
+    return `${keyType.toString("utf8")} ${base64}${comment ? " " + comment : ""}`;
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// SSH Certificate Building
+// ============================================================================
+
+interface CertificateOptions {
+    /** Serial number for the certificate */
+    serial?: bigint;
+    /** Certificate type: 1 = user, 2 = host */
+    certType?: number;
+    /** Key ID (usually username or identifier) */
+    keyId: string;
+    /** List of valid principals (usernames the cert is valid for) */
+    validPrincipals: string[];
+    /** Valid after timestamp (seconds since epoch) */
+    validAfter?: bigint;
+    /** Valid before timestamp (seconds since epoch) */
+    validBefore?: bigint;
+    /** Critical options (usually empty for user certs) */
+    criticalOptions?: Map<string, string>;
+    /** Extensions to enable */
+    extensions?: string[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build the extensions section of the certificate
+ */
+function buildExtensions(extensions: string[]): Buffer {
+    // Extensions are a series of name-value pairs, sorted by name
+    // For boolean extensions, the value is empty
+    const sortedExtensions = [...extensions].sort();
+
+    const parts: Buffer[] = [];
+    for (const ext of sortedExtensions) {
+        parts.push(encodeString(ext));
+        parts.push(encodeString("")); // Empty value for boolean extensions
+    }
+
+    return encodeString(Buffer.concat(parts));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build the critical options section
+ */
+function buildCriticalOptions(options: Map<string, string>): Buffer {
+    const sortedKeys = [...options.keys()].sort();
+
+    const parts: Buffer[] = [];
+    for (const key of sortedKeys) {
+        parts.push(encodeString(key));
+        parts.push(encodeString(encodeString(options.get(key)!)));
+    }
+
+    return encodeString(Buffer.concat(parts));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build the valid principals section
+ */
+function buildPrincipals(principals: string[]): Buffer {
+    const parts: Buffer[] = [];
+    for (const principal of principals) {
+        parts.push(encodeString(principal));
+    }
+    return encodeString(Buffer.concat(parts));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extract the raw Ed25519 public key from an OpenSSH public key blob
+ */
+function extractEd25519PublicKey(keyBlob: Buffer): Buffer {
+    const { newOffset } = decodeString(keyBlob, 0); // Skip key type
+    const { value: publicKey } = decodeString(keyBlob, newOffset);
+    return publicKey;
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// CA Interface
+// ============================================================================
+
+export interface CAKeyPair {
+    /** CA private key in PEM format (keep this secret!) */
+    privateKeyPem: string;
+    /** CA public key in PEM format */
+    publicKeyPem: string;
+    /** CA public key in OpenSSH format (for TrustedUserCAKeys) */
+    publicKeyOpenSSH: string;
+    /** Raw CA public key bytes (Ed25519) */
+    publicKeyRaw: Buffer;
+}
+
+export interface SignedCertificate {
+    /** The certificate in OpenSSH format (save as id_ed25519-cert.pub or similar) */
+    certificate: string;
+    /** The certificate type string */
+    certType: string;
+    /** Serial number */
+    serial: bigint;
+    /** Key ID */
+    keyId: string;
+    /** Valid principals */
+    validPrincipals: string[];
+    /** Valid from timestamp */
+    validAfter: Date;
+    /** Valid until timestamp */
+    validBefore: Date;
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Main Functions
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Generate a new SSH Certificate Authority key pair.
+ *
+ * Returns the CA keys and the line to add to /etc/ssh/sshd_config:
+ *   TrustedUserCAKeys /etc/ssh/ca.pub
+ *
+ * Then save the publicKeyOpenSSH to /etc/ssh/ca.pub on the server.
+ *
+ * @param comment - Optional comment for the CA public key
+ * @returns CA key pair and configuration info
+ */
+export function generateCA(comment: string = "pangolin-ssh-ca"): CAKeyPair {
+    // Generate Ed25519 key pair
+    const { publicKey, privateKey } = crypto.generateKeyPairSync("ed25519", {
+        publicKeyEncoding: { type: "spki", format: "pem" },
+        privateKeyEncoding: { type: "pkcs8", format: "pem" }
+    });
+
+    // Get raw public key bytes
+    const pubKeyObj = crypto.createPublicKey(publicKey);
+    const rawPubKey = pubKeyObj.export({ type: "spki", format: "der" });
+    // Ed25519 SPKI format: 12 byte header + 32 byte key
+    const ed25519PubKey = rawPubKey.subarray(rawPubKey.length - 32);
+
+    // Create OpenSSH format public key
+    const pubKeyBlob = encodeEd25519PublicKey(ed25519PubKey);
+    const publicKeyOpenSSH = formatOpenSSHPublicKey(pubKeyBlob, comment);
+
+    return {
+        privateKeyPem: privateKey,
+        publicKeyPem: publicKey,
+        publicKeyOpenSSH,
+        publicKeyRaw: ed25519PubKey
+    };
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Helper Functions
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Get and decrypt the SSH CA keys for an organization.
+ *
+ * @param orgId - Organization ID
+ * @param decryptionKey - Key to decrypt the CA private key (typically server.secret from config)
+ * @returns CA key pair or null if not found
+ */
+export async function getOrgCAKeys(
+    orgId: string,
+    decryptionKey: string
+): Promise<CAKeyPair | null> {
+    const { db, orgs } = await import("@server/db");
+    const { eq } = await import("drizzle-orm");
+    const { decrypt } = await import("@server/lib/crypto");
+
+    const [org] = await db
+        .select({
+            sshCaPrivateKey: orgs.sshCaPrivateKey,
+            sshCaPublicKey: orgs.sshCaPublicKey
+        })
+        .from(orgs)
+        .where(eq(orgs.orgId, orgId))
+        .limit(1);
+
+    if (!org || !org.sshCaPrivateKey || !org.sshCaPublicKey) {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    const privateKeyPem = decrypt(org.sshCaPrivateKey, decryptionKey);
+
+    // Extract raw public key from the OpenSSH format
+    const { keyData } = parseOpenSSHPublicKey(org.sshCaPublicKey);
+    const { newOffset } = decodeString(keyData, 0); // Skip key type
+    const { value: publicKeyRaw } = decodeString(keyData, newOffset);
+
+    // Get PEM format of public key
+    const pubKeyObj = crypto.createPublicKey({
+        key: privateKeyPem,
+        format: "pem"
+    });
+    const publicKeyPem = pubKeyObj.export({
+        type: "spki",
+        format: "pem"
+    }) as string;
+
+    return {
+        privateKeyPem,
+        publicKeyPem,
+        publicKeyOpenSSH: org.sshCaPublicKey,
+        publicKeyRaw
+    };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sign a user's SSH public key with the CA, producing a certificate.
+ *
+ * The resulting certificate should be saved alongside the user's private key
+ * with a -cert.pub suffix. For example:
+ *   - Private key: ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
+ *   - Certificate: ~/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert.pub
+ *
+ * @param caPrivateKeyPem - CA private key in PEM format
+ * @param userPublicKeyLine - User's public key in OpenSSH format
+ * @param options - Certificate options (principals, validity, etc.)
+ * @returns Signed certificate
+ */
+export function signPublicKey(
+    caPrivateKeyPem: string,
+    userPublicKeyLine: string,
+    options: CertificateOptions
+): SignedCertificate {
+    // Parse the user's public key
+    const { keyType, keyData } = parseOpenSSHPublicKey(userPublicKeyLine);
+
+    // Determine certificate type string
+    let certTypeString: string;
+    if (keyType === "ssh-ed25519") {
+        certTypeString = "ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com";
+    } else if (keyType === "ssh-rsa") {
+        certTypeString = "ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com";
+    } else if (keyType === "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256") {
+        certTypeString = "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com";
+    } else if (keyType === "ecdsa-sha2-nistp384") {
+        certTypeString = "ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com";
+    } else if (keyType === "ecdsa-sha2-nistp521") {
+        certTypeString = "ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com";
+    } else {
+        throw new Error(`Unsupported key type: ${keyType}`);
+    }
+
+    // Get CA public key from private key
+    const caPrivKey = crypto.createPrivateKey(caPrivateKeyPem);
+    const caPubKey = crypto.createPublicKey(caPrivKey);
+    const caRawPubKey = caPubKey.export({ type: "spki", format: "der" });
+    const caEd25519PubKey = caRawPubKey.subarray(caRawPubKey.length - 32);
+    const caPubKeyBlob = encodeEd25519PublicKey(caEd25519PubKey);
+
+    // Set defaults
+    const serial = options.serial ?? BigInt(Date.now());
+    const certType = options.certType ?? 1; // 1 = user cert
+    const now = BigInt(Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000));
+    const validAfter = options.validAfter ?? now - 60n; // 1 minute ago
+    const validBefore = options.validBefore ?? now + 86400n * 365n; // 1 year from now
+
+    // Default extensions for user certificates
+    const defaultExtensions = [
+        "permit-X11-forwarding",
+        "permit-agent-forwarding",
+        "permit-port-forwarding",
+        "permit-pty",
+        "permit-user-rc"
+    ];
+    const extensions = options.extensions ?? defaultExtensions;
+    const criticalOptions = options.criticalOptions ?? new Map();
+
+    // Generate nonce (random bytes)
+    const nonce = crypto.randomBytes(32);
+
+    // Extract the public key portion from the user's key blob
+    // For Ed25519: skip the key type string, get the public key (already encoded)
+    let userKeyPortion: Buffer;
+    if (keyType === "ssh-ed25519") {
+        // Skip the key type string, take the rest (which is encodeString(32-byte-key))
+        const { newOffset } = decodeString(keyData, 0);
+        userKeyPortion = keyData.subarray(newOffset);
+    } else {
+        // For other key types, extract everything after the key type
+        const { newOffset } = decodeString(keyData, 0);
+        userKeyPortion = keyData.subarray(newOffset);
+    }
+
+    // Build the certificate body (to be signed)
+    const certBody = Buffer.concat([
+        encodeString(certTypeString),
+        encodeString(nonce),
+        userKeyPortion,
+        encodeUInt64(serial),
+        encodeUInt32(certType),
+        encodeString(options.keyId),
+        buildPrincipals(options.validPrincipals),
+        encodeUInt64(validAfter),
+        encodeUInt64(validBefore),
+        buildCriticalOptions(criticalOptions),
+        buildExtensions(extensions),
+        encodeString(""), // reserved
+        encodeString(caPubKeyBlob) // signature key (CA public key)
+    ]);
+
+    // Sign the certificate body
+    const signature = crypto.sign(null, certBody, caPrivKey);
+
+    // Build the full signature blob (algorithm + signature)
+    const signatureBlob = Buffer.concat([
+        encodeString("ssh-ed25519"),
+        encodeString(signature)
+    ]);
+
+    // Build complete certificate
+    const certificate = Buffer.concat([certBody, encodeString(signatureBlob)]);
+
+    // Format as OpenSSH certificate line
+    const certLine = `${certTypeString} ${certificate.toString("base64")} ${options.keyId}`;
+
+    return {
+        certificate: certLine,
+        certType: certTypeString,
+        serial,
+        keyId: options.keyId,
+        validPrincipals: options.validPrincipals,
+        validAfter: new Date(Number(validAfter) * 1000),
+        validBefore: new Date(Number(validBefore) * 1000)
+    };
+}

server/lib/traefik/TraefikConfigManager.ts

@@ -218,10 +218,11 @@ export class TraefikConfigManager {
             return true;
         }
 
-        // Fetch if it's been more than 24 hours (for renewals)
         const dayInMs = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
         const timeSinceLastFetch =
             Date.now() - this.lastCertificateFetch.getTime();
+
+        // Fetch if it's been more than 24 hours (daily routine check)
         if (timeSinceLastFetch > dayInMs) {
             logger.info("Fetching certificates due to 24-hour renewal check");
             return true;
@@ -265,7 +266,7 @@ export class TraefikConfigManager {
             return true;
         }
 
-        // Check if any local certificates are missing or appear to be outdated
+        // Check if any local certificates are missing (needs immediate fetch)
         for (const domain of domainsNeedingCerts) {
             const localState = this.lastLocalCertificateState.get(domain);
             if (!localState || !localState.exists) {
@@ -274,17 +275,46 @@ export class TraefikConfigManager {
                 );
                 return true;
             }
+        }
 
-            // Check if certificate is expiring soon (within 30 days)
-            if (localState.expiresAt) {
-                const nowInSeconds = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
-                const secondsUntilExpiry = localState.expiresAt - nowInSeconds;
-                const daysUntilExpiry = secondsUntilExpiry / (60 * 60 * 24);
-                if (daysUntilExpiry < 30) {
-                    logger.info(
-                        `Fetching certificates due to upcoming expiry for ${domain} (${Math.round(daysUntilExpiry)} days remaining)`
-                    );
-                    return true;
+        // For expiry checks, throttle to every 6 hours to avoid querying the
+        // API/DB on every monitor loop. The certificate-service renews certs
+        // 45 days before expiry, so checking every 6 hours is plenty frequent
+        // to pick up renewed certs promptly.
+        const renewalCheckIntervalMs = 6 * 60 * 60 * 1000; // 6 hours
+        if (timeSinceLastFetch > renewalCheckIntervalMs) {
+            // Check non-wildcard certs for expiry (within 45 days to match
+            // the server-side renewal window in certificate-service)
+            for (const domain of domainsNeedingCerts) {
+                const localState = this.lastLocalCertificateState.get(domain);
+                if (localState?.expiresAt) {
+                    const nowInSeconds = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
+                    const secondsUntilExpiry =
+                        localState.expiresAt - nowInSeconds;
+                    const daysUntilExpiry = secondsUntilExpiry / (60 * 60 * 24);
+                    if (daysUntilExpiry < 45) {
+                        logger.info(
+                            `Fetching certificates due to upcoming expiry for ${domain} (${Math.round(daysUntilExpiry)} days remaining)`
+                        );
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Also check wildcard certificates for expiry. These are not
+            // included in domainsNeedingCerts since their subdomains are
+            // filtered out, so we must check them separately.
+            for (const [certDomain, state] of this.lastLocalCertificateState) {
+                if (state.exists && state.wildcard && state.expiresAt) {
+                    const nowInSeconds = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
+                    const secondsUntilExpiry = state.expiresAt - nowInSeconds;
+                    const daysUntilExpiry = secondsUntilExpiry / (60 * 60 * 24);
+                    if (daysUntilExpiry < 45) {
+                        logger.info(
+                            `Fetching certificates due to upcoming expiry for wildcard cert ${certDomain} (${Math.round(daysUntilExpiry)} days remaining)`
+                        );
+                        return true;
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -361,6 +391,26 @@ export class TraefikConfigManager {
                         }
                     }
 
+                    // Also include wildcard cert base domains that are
+                    // expiring or expired so they get re-fetched even though
+                    // their subdomains were filtered out above.
+                    for (const [certDomain, state] of this
+                        .lastLocalCertificateState) {
+                        if (state.exists && state.wildcard && state.expiresAt) {
+                            const nowInSeconds = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
+                            const secondsUntilExpiry =
+                                state.expiresAt - nowInSeconds;
+                            const daysUntilExpiry =
+                                secondsUntilExpiry / (60 * 60 * 24);
+                            if (daysUntilExpiry < 45) {
+                                domainsToFetch.add(certDomain);
+                                logger.info(
+                                    `Including expiring wildcard cert domain ${certDomain} in fetch (${Math.round(daysUntilExpiry)} days remaining)`
+                                );
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
                     if (domainsToFetch.size > 0) {
                         // Get valid certificates for domains not covered by wildcards
                         validCertificates =
@@ -507,11 +557,18 @@ export class TraefikConfigManager {
                                 config.getRawConfig().server
                                     .session_cookie_name,
 
-                            // deprecated
                             accessTokenQueryParam:
                                 config.getRawConfig().server
                                     .resource_access_token_param,
 
+                            accessTokenIdHeader:
+                                config.getRawConfig().server
+                                    .resource_access_token_headers.id,
+
+                            accessTokenHeader:
+                                config.getRawConfig().server
+                                    .resource_access_token_headers.token,
+
                             resourceSessionRequestParam:
                                 config.getRawConfig().server
                                     .resource_session_request_param

server/lib/traefik/getTraefikConfig.ts

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import logger from "@server/logger";
 import config from "@server/lib/config";
 import { resources, sites, Target, targets } from "@server/db";
 import createPathRewriteMiddleware from "./middleware";
-import { sanitize, validatePathRewriteConfig } from "./utils";
+import { sanitize, encodePath, validatePathRewriteConfig } from "./utils";
 
 const redirectHttpsMiddlewareName = "redirect-to-https";
 const badgerMiddlewareName = "badger";
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ export async function getTraefikConfig(
     filterOutNamespaceDomains = false, // UNUSED BUT USED IN PRIVATE
     generateLoginPageRouters = false, // UNUSED BUT USED IN PRIVATE
     allowRawResources = true,
-    allowMaintenancePage = true, // UNUSED BUT USED IN PRIVATE
+    allowMaintenancePage = true // UNUSED BUT USED IN PRIVATE
 ): Promise<any> {
     // Get resources with their targets and sites in a single optimized query
     // Start from sites on this exit node, then join to targets and resources
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ export async function getTraefikConfig(
     resourcesWithTargetsAndSites.forEach((row) => {
         const resourceId = row.resourceId;
         const resourceName = sanitize(row.resourceName) || "";
-        const targetPath = sanitize(row.path) || ""; // Handle null/undefined paths
+        const targetPath = encodePath(row.path); // Use encodePath to avoid collisions (e.g. "/a/b" vs "/a-b")
         const pathMatchType = row.pathMatchType || "";
         const rewritePath = row.rewritePath || "";
         const rewritePathType = row.rewritePathType || "";
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ export async function getTraefikConfig(
         const mapKey = [resourceId, pathKey].filter(Boolean).join("-");
         const key = sanitize(mapKey);
 
-        if (!resourcesMap.has(key)) {
+        if (!resourcesMap.has(mapKey)) {
             const validation = validatePathRewriteConfig(
                 row.path,
                 row.pathMatchType,
@@ -160,9 +160,10 @@ export async function getTraefikConfig(
                 return;
             }
 
-            resourcesMap.set(key, {
+            resourcesMap.set(mapKey, {
                 resourceId: row.resourceId,
                 name: resourceName,
+                key: key,
                 fullDomain: row.fullDomain,
                 ssl: row.ssl,
                 http: row.http,
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ export async function getTraefikConfig(
             });
         }
 
-        resourcesMap.get(key).targets.push({
+        resourcesMap.get(mapKey).targets.push({
             resourceId: row.resourceId,
             targetId: row.targetId,
             ip: row.ip,
@@ -227,8 +228,9 @@ export async function getTraefikConfig(
     };
 
     // get the key and the resource
-    for (const [key, resource] of resourcesMap.entries()) {
+    for (const [, resource] of resourcesMap.entries()) {
         const targets = resource.targets as TargetWithSite[];
+        const key = resource.key;
 
         const routerName = `${key}-${resource.name}-router`;
         const serviceName = `${key}-${resource.name}-service`;
@@ -477,7 +479,10 @@ export async function getTraefikConfig(
 
                         // TODO: HOW TO HANDLE ^^^^^^ BETTER
                         const anySitesOnline = targets.some(
-                            (target) => target.site.online
+                            (target) =>
+                            target.site.online ||
+                            target.site.type === "local" ||
+                            target.site.type === "wireguard"
                         );
 
                         return (
@@ -490,7 +495,7 @@ export async function getTraefikConfig(
                                     if (target.health == "unhealthy") {
                                         return false;
                                     }
-
+                                    
                                     // If any sites are online, exclude offline sites
                                     if (anySitesOnline && !target.site.online) {
                                         return false;
@@ -605,7 +610,10 @@ export async function getTraefikConfig(
                     servers: (() => {
                         // Check if any sites are online
                         const anySitesOnline = targets.some(
-                            (target) => target.site.online
+                            (target) =>
+                            target.site.online ||
+                            target.site.type === "local" ||
+                            target.site.type === "wireguard"
                         );
 
                         return targets
@@ -613,7 +621,7 @@ export async function getTraefikConfig(
                                 if (!target.enabled) {
                                     return false;
                                 }
-
+                                
                                 // If any sites are online, exclude offline sites
                                 if (anySitesOnline && !target.site.online) {
                                     return false;

server/lib/traefik/pathEncoding.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+import { assertEquals } from "../../../test/assert";
+
+// ── Pure function copies (inlined to avoid pulling in server dependencies) ──
+
+function sanitize(input: string | null | undefined): string | undefined {
+    if (!input) return undefined;
+    if (input.length > 50) {
+        input = input.substring(0, 50);
+    }
+    return input
+        .replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9-]/g, "-")
+        .replace(/-+/g, "-")
+        .replace(/^-|-$/g, "");
+}
+
+function encodePath(path: string | null | undefined): string {
+    if (!path) return "";
+    return path.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/g, (ch) => {
+        return ch.charCodeAt(0).toString(16);
+    });
+}
+
+// ── Helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * Exact replica of the OLD key computation from upstream main.
+ * Uses sanitize() for paths — this is what had the collision bug.
+ */
+function oldKeyComputation(
+    resourceId: number,
+    path: string | null,
+    pathMatchType: string | null,
+    rewritePath: string | null,
+    rewritePathType: string | null
+): string {
+    const targetPath = sanitize(path) || "";
+    const pmt = pathMatchType || "";
+    const rp = rewritePath || "";
+    const rpt = rewritePathType || "";
+    const pathKey = [targetPath, pmt, rp, rpt].filter(Boolean).join("-");
+    const mapKey = [resourceId, pathKey].filter(Boolean).join("-");
+    return sanitize(mapKey) || "";
+}
+
+/**
+ * Replica of the NEW key computation from our fix.
+ * Uses encodePath() for paths — collision-free.
+ */
+function newKeyComputation(
+    resourceId: number,
+    path: string | null,
+    pathMatchType: string | null,
+    rewritePath: string | null,
+    rewritePathType: string | null
+): string {
+    const targetPath = encodePath(path);
+    const pmt = pathMatchType || "";
+    const rp = rewritePath || "";
+    const rpt = rewritePathType || "";
+    const pathKey = [targetPath, pmt, rp, rpt].filter(Boolean).join("-");
+    const mapKey = [resourceId, pathKey].filter(Boolean).join("-");
+    return sanitize(mapKey) || "";
+}
+
+// ── Tests ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+function runTests() {
+    console.log("Running path encoding tests...\n");
+
+    let passed = 0;
+
+    // ── encodePath unit tests ────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    // Test 1: null/undefined/empty
+    {
+        assertEquals(encodePath(null), "", "null should return empty");
+        assertEquals(
+            encodePath(undefined),
+            "",
+            "undefined should return empty"
+        );
+        assertEquals(encodePath(""), "", "empty string should return empty");
+        console.log("  PASS: encodePath handles null/undefined/empty");
+        passed++;
+    }
+
+    // Test 2: root path
+    {
+        assertEquals(encodePath("/"), "2f", "/ should encode to 2f");
+        console.log("  PASS: encodePath encodes root path");
+        passed++;
+    }
+
+    // Test 3: alphanumeric passthrough
+    {
+        assertEquals(encodePath("/api"), "2fapi", "/api encodes slash only");
+        assertEquals(encodePath("/v1"), "2fv1", "/v1 encodes slash only");
+        assertEquals(encodePath("abc"), "abc", "plain alpha passes through");
+        console.log("  PASS: encodePath preserves alphanumeric chars");
+        passed++;
+    }
+
+    // Test 4: all special chars produce unique hex
+    {
+        const paths = ["/a/b", "/a-b", "/a.b", "/a_b", "/a b"];
+        const results = paths.map((p) => encodePath(p));
+        const unique = new Set(results);
+        assertEquals(
+            unique.size,
+            paths.length,
+            "all special-char paths must produce unique encodings"
+        );
+        console.log(
+            "  PASS: encodePath produces unique output for different special chars"
+        );
+        passed++;
+    }
+
+    // Test 5: output is always alphanumeric (safe for Traefik names)
+    {
+        const paths = [
+            "/",
+            "/api",
+            "/a/b",
+            "/a-b",
+            "/a.b",
+            "/complex/path/here"
+        ];
+        for (const p of paths) {
+            const e = encodePath(p);
+            assertEquals(
+                /^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$/.test(e),
+                true,
+                `encodePath("${p}") = "${e}" must be alphanumeric`
+            );
+        }
+        console.log("  PASS: encodePath output is always alphanumeric");
+        passed++;
+    }
+
+    // Test 6: deterministic
+    {
+        assertEquals(
+            encodePath("/api"),
+            encodePath("/api"),
+            "same input same output"
+        );
+        assertEquals(
+            encodePath("/a/b/c"),
+            encodePath("/a/b/c"),
+            "same input same output"
+        );
+        console.log("  PASS: encodePath is deterministic");
+        passed++;
+    }
+
+    // Test 7: many distinct paths never collide
+    {
+        const paths = [
+            "/",
+            "/api",
+            "/api/v1",
+            "/api/v2",
+            "/a/b",
+            "/a-b",
+            "/a.b",
+            "/a_b",
+            "/health",
+            "/health/check",
+            "/admin",
+            "/admin/users",
+            "/api/v1/users",
+            "/api/v1/posts",
+            "/app",
+            "/app/dashboard"
+        ];
+        const encoded = new Set(paths.map((p) => encodePath(p)));
+        assertEquals(
+            encoded.size,
+            paths.length,
+            `expected ${paths.length} unique encodings, got ${encoded.size}`
+        );
+        console.log("  PASS: 16 realistic paths all produce unique encodings");
+        passed++;
+    }
+
+    // ── Collision fix: the actual bug we're fixing ───────────────────
+
+    // Test 8: /a/b and /a-b now have different keys (THE BUG FIX)
+    {
+        const keyAB = newKeyComputation(1, "/a/b", "prefix", null, null);
+        const keyDash = newKeyComputation(1, "/a-b", "prefix", null, null);
+        assertEquals(
+            keyAB !== keyDash,
+            true,
+            "/a/b and /a-b MUST have different keys"
+        );
+        console.log("  PASS: collision fix — /a/b vs /a-b have different keys");
+        passed++;
+    }
+
+    // Test 9: demonstrate the old bug — old code maps /a/b and /a-b to same key
+    {
+        const oldKeyAB = oldKeyComputation(1, "/a/b", "prefix", null, null);
+        const oldKeyDash = oldKeyComputation(1, "/a-b", "prefix", null, null);
+        assertEquals(
+            oldKeyAB,
+            oldKeyDash,
+            "old code MUST have this collision (confirms the bug exists)"
+        );
+        console.log("  PASS: confirmed old code bug — /a/b and /a-b collided");
+        passed++;
+    }
+
+    // Test 10: /api/v1 and /api-v1 — old code collision, new code fixes it
+    {
+        const oldKey1 = oldKeyComputation(1, "/api/v1", "prefix", null, null);
+        const oldKey2 = oldKeyComputation(1, "/api-v1", "prefix", null, null);
+        assertEquals(
+            oldKey1,
+            oldKey2,
+            "old code collision for /api/v1 vs /api-v1"
+        );
+
+        const newKey1 = newKeyComputation(1, "/api/v1", "prefix", null, null);
+        const newKey2 = newKeyComputation(1, "/api-v1", "prefix", null, null);
+        assertEquals(
+            newKey1 !== newKey2,
+            true,
+            "new code must separate /api/v1 and /api-v1"
+        );
+        console.log("  PASS: collision fix — /api/v1 vs /api-v1");
+        passed++;
+    }
+
+    // Test 11: /app.v2 and /app/v2 and /app-v2 — three-way collision fixed
+    {
+        const a = newKeyComputation(1, "/app.v2", "prefix", null, null);
+        const b = newKeyComputation(1, "/app/v2", "prefix", null, null);
+        const c = newKeyComputation(1, "/app-v2", "prefix", null, null);
+        const keys = new Set([a, b, c]);
+        assertEquals(
+            keys.size,
+            3,
+            "three paths must produce three unique keys"
+        );
+        console.log(
+            "  PASS: collision fix — three-way /app.v2, /app/v2, /app-v2"
+        );
+        passed++;
+    }
+
+    // ── Edge cases ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    // Test 12: same path in different resources — always separate
+    {
+        const key1 = newKeyComputation(1, "/api", "prefix", null, null);
+        const key2 = newKeyComputation(2, "/api", "prefix", null, null);
+        assertEquals(
+            key1 !== key2,
+            true,
+            "different resources with same path must have different keys"
+        );
+        console.log("  PASS: edge case — same path, different resources");
+        passed++;
+    }
+
+    // Test 13: same resource, different pathMatchType — separate keys
+    {
+        const exact = newKeyComputation(1, "/api", "exact", null, null);
+        const prefix = newKeyComputation(1, "/api", "prefix", null, null);
+        assertEquals(
+            exact !== prefix,
+            true,
+            "exact vs prefix must have different keys"
+        );
+        console.log("  PASS: edge case — same path, different match types");
+        passed++;
+    }
+
+    // Test 14: same resource and path, different rewrite config — separate keys
+    {
+        const noRewrite = newKeyComputation(1, "/api", "prefix", null, null);
+        const withRewrite = newKeyComputation(
+            1,
+            "/api",
+            "prefix",
+            "/backend",
+            "prefix"
+        );
+        assertEquals(
+            noRewrite !== withRewrite,
+            true,
+            "with vs without rewrite must have different keys"
+        );
+        console.log("  PASS: edge case — same path, different rewrite config");
+        passed++;
+    }
+
+    // Test 15: paths with special URL characters
+    {
+        const paths = ["/api?foo", "/api#bar", "/api%20baz", "/api+qux"];
+        const keys = new Set(
+            paths.map((p) => newKeyComputation(1, p, "prefix", null, null))
+        );
+        assertEquals(
+            keys.size,
+            paths.length,
+            "special URL chars must produce unique keys"
+        );
+        console.log("  PASS: edge case — special URL characters in paths");
+        passed++;
+    }
+
+    console.log(`\nAll ${passed} tests passed!`);
+}
+
+try {
+    runTests();
+} catch (error) {
+    console.error("Test failed:", error);
+    process.exit(1);
+}

server/lib/traefik/utils.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,26 @@ export function sanitize(input: string | null | undefined): string | undefined {
         .replace(/^-|-$/g, "");
 }
 
+/**
+ * Encode a URL path into a collision-free alphanumeric string suitable for use
+ * in Traefik map keys.
+ *
+ * Unlike sanitize(), this preserves uniqueness by encoding each non-alphanumeric
+ * character as its hex code. Different paths always produce different outputs.
+ *
+ *   encodePath("/api")  => "2fapi"
+ *   encodePath("/a/b")  => "2fa2fb"
+ *   encodePath("/a-b")  => "2fa2db"   (different from /a/b)
+ *   encodePath("/")     => "2f"
+ *   encodePath(null)    => ""
+ */
+export function encodePath(path: string | null | undefined): string {
+    if (!path) return "";
+    return path.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/g, (ch) => {
+        return ch.charCodeAt(0).toString(16);
+    });
+}
+
 export function validatePathRewriteConfig(
     path: string | null,
     pathMatchType: string | null,