diff --git a/packages/backend/test/factories/config.js b/packages/backend/test/factories/config.js
index fe21d765..49801b8b 100644
--- a/packages/backend/test/factories/config.js
+++ b/packages/backend/test/factories/config.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { faker } from '@faker-js/faker';
+import Config from '../../src/models/config';
 
 export const createConfig = async (params = {}) => {
   const configData = {
@@ -6,10 +7,7 @@ export const createConfig = async (params = {}) => {
     value: params?.value || { data: 'sampleConfig' },
   };
 
-  const [config] = await global.knex
-    .table('config')
-    .insert(configData)
-    .returning('*');
+  const config = await Config.query().insert(configData).returning('*');
 
   return config;
 };
diff --git a/packages/backend/test/factories/connection.js b/packages/backend/test/factories/connection.js
index aff7abff..b7188ee0 100644
--- a/packages/backend/test/factories/connection.js
+++ b/packages/backend/test/factories/connection.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import appConfig from '../../src/config/app';
 import { AES } from 'crypto-js';
+import Connection from '../../src/models/connection';
 
 export const createConnection = async (params = {}) => {
   params.key = params?.key || 'deepl';
@@ -16,10 +17,7 @@ export const createConnection = async (params = {}) => {
     appConfig.encryptionKey
   ).toString();
 
-  const [connection] = await global.knex
-    .table('connections')
-    .insert(params)
-    .returning('*');
+  const connection = await Connection.query().insert(params).returning('*');
 
   return connection;
 };
diff --git a/packages/backend/test/factories/execution-step.js b/packages/backend/test/factories/execution-step.js
index 01b9daa5..a470fcc1 100644
--- a/packages/backend/test/factories/execution-step.js
+++ b/packages/backend/test/factories/execution-step.js
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import ExecutionStep from '../../src/models/execution-step';
 import { createExecution } from './execution';
 import { createStep } from './step';
 
@@ -8,8 +9,7 @@ export const createExecutionStep = async (params = {}) => {
   params.dataIn = params?.dataIn || { dataIn: 'dataIn' };
   params.dataOut = params?.dataOut || { dataOut: 'dataOut' };
 
-  const [executionStep] = await global.knex
-    .table('executionSteps')
+  const executionStep = await ExecutionStep.query()
     .insert(params)
     .returning('*');
 
diff --git a/packages/backend/test/factories/execution.js b/packages/backend/test/factories/execution.js
index 67ea6340..ade693c1 100644
--- a/packages/backend/test/factories/execution.js
+++ b/packages/backend/test/factories/execution.js
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import Execution from '../../src/models/execution';
 import { createFlow } from './flow';
 
 export const createExecution = async (params = {}) => {
@@ -6,10 +7,7 @@ export const createExecution = async (params = {}) => {
   params.createdAt = params?.createdAt || new Date().toISOString();
   params.updatedAt = params?.updatedAt || new Date().toISOString();
 
-  const [execution] = await global.knex
-    .table('executions')
-    .insert(params)
-    .returning('*');
+  const execution = await Execution.query().insert(params).returning('*');
 
   return execution;
 };
diff --git a/packages/backend/test/factories/flow.js b/packages/backend/test/factories/flow.js
index 09cebbbd..2e576828 100644
--- a/packages/backend/test/factories/flow.js
+++ b/packages/backend/test/factories/flow.js
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import Flow from '../../src/models/flow';
 import { createUser } from './user';
 
 export const createFlow = async (params = {}) => {
@@ -6,7 +7,7 @@ export const createFlow = async (params = {}) => {
   params.createdAt = params?.createdAt || new Date().toISOString();
   params.updatedAt = params?.updatedAt || new Date().toISOString();
 
-  const [flow] = await global.knex.table('flows').insert(params).returning('*');
+  const flow = await Flow.query().insert(params).returning('*');
 
   return flow;
 };
diff --git a/packages/backend/test/factories/permission.js b/packages/backend/test/factories/permission.js
index bc604adf..a81da493 100644
--- a/packages/backend/test/factories/permission.js
+++ b/packages/backend/test/factories/permission.js
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import Permission from '../../src/models/permission';
 import { createRole } from './role';
 
 export const createPermission = async (params = {}) => {
@@ -6,10 +7,7 @@ export const createPermission = async (params = {}) => {
   params.subject = params?.subject || 'User';
   params.conditions = params?.conditions || ['isCreator'];
 
-  const [permission] = await global.knex
-    .table('permissions')
-    .insert(params)
-    .returning('*');
+  const permission = await Permission.query().insert(params).returning('*');
 
   return permission;
 };
diff --git a/packages/backend/test/factories/role.js b/packages/backend/test/factories/role.js
index f2ed88bc..5091fbd1 100644
--- a/packages/backend/test/factories/role.js
+++ b/packages/backend/test/factories/role.js
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+import Role from '../../src/models/role';
+
 export const createRole = async (params = {}) => {
   params.name = params?.name || 'Viewer';
   params.key = params?.key || 'viewer';
 
-  const [role] = await global.knex.table('roles').insert(params).returning('*');
+  const role = await Role.query().insert(params).returning('*');
 
   return role;
 };
diff --git a/packages/backend/test/factories/step.js b/packages/backend/test/factories/step.js
index 9fb0ec84..fd230764 100644
--- a/packages/backend/test/factories/step.js
+++ b/packages/backend/test/factories/step.js
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import Step from '../../src/models/step';
 import { createFlow } from './flow';
 
 export const createStep = async (params = {}) => {
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ export const createStep = async (params = {}) => {
   params.appKey =
     params?.appKey || (params.type === 'action' ? 'deepl' : 'webhook');
 
-  const [step] = await global.knex.table('steps').insert(params).returning('*');
+  const step = await Step.query().insert(params).returning('*');
 
   return step;
 };
diff --git a/packages/backend/test/factories/user.js b/packages/backend/test/factories/user.js
index 6ae60d36..11dbc062 100644
--- a/packages/backend/test/factories/user.js
+++ b/packages/backend/test/factories/user.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { createRole } from './role';
 import { faker } from '@faker-js/faker';
+import User from '../../src/models/user';
 
 export const createUser = async (params = {}) => {
   params.roleId = params?.roleId || (await createRole()).id;
@@ -7,7 +8,7 @@ export const createUser = async (params = {}) => {
   params.email = params?.email || faker.internet.email();
   params.password = params?.password || faker.internet.password();
 
-  const [user] = await global.knex.table('users').insert(params).returning('*');
+  const user = await User.query().insert(params).returning('*');
 
   return user;
 };